feat: add machine-readable `Code` and `Params` fields to `ErrorDetail`

[Micaso]

Problem

When consuming validation errors from huma, only a human-readable message string is available on each ErrorDetail. This makes it difficult to programmatically map huma errors to custom application error types without fragile string parsing.

For example, an expected_one_of error today looks like:

{
"message": "expected value to be one of \"foo\", \"bar\"",
"location": "body.status",
"value": "baz"
}

To handle this in downstream code you'd have to parse the message string to
recover the allowed values — which breaks if the message format changes or is
customised via ErrorFormatter.

Solution

Add two new omitempty fields to ErrorDetail:

• Code string — a snake_case machine-readable identifier (e.g. "expected_one_of") that corresponds to one of the new validation.Code* constants, one per existing Msg* variable.
• Params map[string]any — the constraint parameters relevant to the error, e.g. {"allowed": ["foo","bar"]} for enum errors or {"min": 3} for min-length errors.

The same error now looks like:

{
  "message": "expected value to be one of \"foo\", \"bar\"",
  "location": "body.status",
  "value": "baz",
  "code": "expected_one_of",
  "params": { "allowed": ["foo", "bar"] }
}

This enables downstream consumers to switch on Code without touching Message:

for _, detail := range errModel.Errors {
    switch detail.Code {
    case validation.CodeExpectedOneOf:
        allowed := detail.Params["allowed"].([]any)
        // map to your own enum error with structured allowed values
    case validation.CodeExpectedRequiredProperty:
        prop := detail.Params["property"].(string)
        // map to your own missing-field error
    }
}

Changes

• validation/messages.go — adds a Code* constant for every Msg* variable
• error.go — adds Code string and Params map[string]any to ErrorDetail (both omitempty, fully backwards-compatible)
• validate.go — adds ValidateResult.AddCode() method; migrates all internal res.Add() call sites to res.AddCode() with the appropriate code and params
• validate_test.go — adds TestValidateErrorCodes with 43 subtests covering every code and verifying params where applicable

Backwards compatibility

• The two new fields are omitempty — existing JSON consumers see no change unless they opt in to reading the new fields.
• ValidateResult.Add() and ValidateResult.Addf() are unchanged.
• Custom NewError implementations continue to work as before.