key.h

// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Copyright (c) 2017 The Zcash developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#ifndef BITCOIN_KEY_H
#define BITCOIN_KEY_H

#include <pubkey.h>
#include <serialize.h>
#include <support/allocators/secure.h>
#include <uint256.h>

#include <stdexcept>
#include <vector>


/**
 * CPrivKey is a serialized private key, with all parameters included
 * (SIZE bytes)
 */
typedef std::vector<unsigned char, secure_allocator<unsigned char> > CPrivKey;

/** Size of ECDH shared secrets. */
constexpr static size_t ECDH_SECRET_SIZE = CSHA256::OUTPUT_SIZE;

// Used to represent ECDH shared secret (ECDH_SECRET_SIZE bytes)
using ECDHSecret = std::array<std::byte, ECDH_SECRET_SIZE>;

/** An encapsulated private key. */
class CKey
{
public:
    /**
     * secp256k1:
     */
    static const unsigned int SIZE            = 279;
    static const unsigned int COMPRESSED_SIZE = 214;
    /**
     * see www.keylength.com
     * script supports up to 75 for single byte push
     */
    static_assert(
        SIZE >= COMPRESSED_SIZE,
        "COMPRESSED_SIZE is larger than SIZE");

private:
    //! Whether this private key is valid. We check for correctness when modifying the key
    //! data, so fValid should always correspond to the actual state.
    bool fValid;

    //! Whether the public key corresponding to this private key is (to be) compressed.
    bool fCompressed;

    //! The actual byte data
    std::vector<unsigned char, secure_allocator<unsigned char> > keydata;

    //! Check whether the 32-byte array pointed to by vch is valid keydata.
    bool static Check(const unsigned char* vch);

public:
    //! Construct an invalid private key.
    CKey() : fValid(false), fCompressed(false)
    {
        // Important: vch must be 32 bytes in length to not break serialization
        keydata.resize(32);
    }

    friend bool operator==(const CKey& a, const CKey& b)
    {
        return a.fCompressed == b.fCompressed &&
            a.size() == b.size() &&
            memcmp(a.keydata.data(), b.keydata.data(), a.size()) == 0;
    }

    //! Initialize using begin and end iterators to byte data.
    template <typename T>
    void Set(const T pbegin, const T pend, bool fCompressedIn)
    {
        if (size_t(pend - pbegin) != keydata.size()) {
            fValid = false;
        } else if (Check(&pbegin[0])) {
            memcpy(keydata.data(), (unsigned char*)&pbegin[0], keydata.size());
            fValid = true;
            fCompressed = fCompressedIn;
        } else {
            fValid = false;
        }
    }

    //! Simple read-only vector-like interface.
    unsigned int size() const { return (fValid ? keydata.size() : 0); }
    const std::byte* data() const { return reinterpret_cast<const std::byte*>(keydata.data()); }
    const unsigned char* begin() const { return keydata.data(); }
    const unsigned char* end() const { return keydata.data() + size(); }

    //! Check whether this private key is valid.
    bool IsValid() const { return fValid; }

    //! Check whether the public key corresponding to this private key is (to be) compressed.
    bool IsCompressed() const { return fCompressed; }

    //! Generate a new private key using a cryptographic PRNG.
    void MakeNewKey(bool fCompressed);

    //! Negate private key
    bool Negate();

    /**
     * Convert the private key to a CPrivKey (serialized OpenSSL private key data).
     * This is expensive.
     */
    CPrivKey GetPrivKey() const;

    /**
     * Compute the public key from a private key.
     * This is expensive.
     */
    CPubKey GetPubKey() const;

    /**
     * Create a DER-serialized signature.
     * The test_case parameter tweaks the deterministic nonce.
     */
    bool Sign(const uint256& hash, std::vector<unsigned char>& vchSig, bool grind = true, uint32_t test_case = 0) const;

    /**
     * Create a compact signature (65 bytes), which allows reconstructing the used public key.
     * The format is one header byte, followed by two times 32 bytes for the serialized r and s values.
     * The header byte: 0x1B = first key with even y, 0x1C = first key with odd y,
     *                  0x1D = second key with even y, 0x1E = second key with odd y,
     *                  add 0x04 for compressed keys.
     */
    bool SignCompact(const uint256& hash, std::vector<unsigned char>& vchSig) const;

    //! Derive BIP32 child key.
    bool Derive(CKey& keyChild, ChainCode &ccChild, unsigned int nChild, const ChainCode& cc) const;

    /**
     * Verify thoroughly whether a private key and a public key match.
     * This is done using a different mechanism than just regenerating it.
     */
    bool VerifyPubKey(const CPubKey& vchPubKey) const;

    //! Load private key and check that public key matches.
    bool Load(const CPrivKey& privkey, const CPubKey& vchPubKey, bool fSkipCheck);

    /** Create an ellswift-encoded public key for this key, with specified entropy.
     *
     *  entropy must be a 32-byte span with additional entropy to use in the encoding. Every
     *  public key has ~2^256 different encodings, and this function will deterministically pick
     *  one of them, based on entropy. Note that even without truly random entropy, the
     *  resulting encoding will be indistinguishable from uniform to any adversary who does not
     *  know the private key (because the private key itself is always used as entropy as well).
     */
    EllSwiftPubKey EllSwiftCreate(Span<const std::byte> entropy) const;

    /** Compute a BIP324-style ECDH shared secret.
     *
     *  - their_ellswift: EllSwiftPubKey that was received from the other side.
     *  - our_ellswift: EllSwiftPubKey that was sent to the other side (must have been generated
     *                  from *this using EllSwiftCreate()).
     *  - initiating: whether we are the initiating party (true) or responding party (false).
     */
    ECDHSecret ComputeBIP324ECDHSecret(const EllSwiftPubKey& their_ellswift,
                                       const EllSwiftPubKey& our_ellswift,
                                       bool initiating) const;
};

struct CExtKey {
    unsigned char nDepth;
    unsigned char vchFingerprint[4];
    unsigned int nChild;
    ChainCode chaincode;
    CKey key;

    friend bool operator==(const CExtKey& a, const CExtKey& b)
    {
        return a.nDepth == b.nDepth &&
            memcmp(a.vchFingerprint, b.vchFingerprint, sizeof(vchFingerprint)) == 0 &&
            a.nChild == b.nChild &&
            a.chaincode == b.chaincode &&
            a.key == b.key;
    }

    void Encode(unsigned char code[BIP32_EXTKEY_SIZE]) const;
    void Decode(const unsigned char code[BIP32_EXTKEY_SIZE]);
    bool Derive(CExtKey& out, unsigned int nChild) const;
    CExtPubKey Neuter() const;
    void SetSeed(Span<const std::byte> seed);
};

/** Initialize the elliptic curve support. May not be called twice without calling ECC_Stop first. */
void ECC_Start();

/** Deinitialize the elliptic curve support. No-op if ECC_Start wasn't called first. */
void ECC_Stop();

/** Check that required EC support is available at runtime. */
bool ECC_InitSanityCheck();

#endif // BITCOIN_KEY_H