diff --git a/lib/core/imports/index.js b/lib/core/imports/index.js
index 63622d7636..80aa717d57 100644
--- a/lib/core/imports/index.js
+++ b/lib/core/imports/index.js
@@ -1,45 +1,16 @@
+import './polyfills';
+
+// some of these imports require polyfills to be loaded first
 import { CssSelectorParser } from 'css-selector-parser';
 import doT from '@deque/dot';
 import emojiRegexText from 'emoji-regex';
 import memoize from 'memoizee';
 import Color from 'colorjs.io';
 
-import es6promise from 'es6-promise';
-import { Uint32Array } from 'typedarray';
-import 'weakmap-polyfill';
-import hasOwn from 'core-js-pure/actual/object/has-own';
-
-if (!('hasOwn' in Object)) {
-  Object.hasOwn = hasOwn;
-}
-
 // prevent striping newline characters from strings (e.g. failure
 // summaries). value must be synced with build/configure.js
 doT.templateSettings.strip = false;
 
-if (!('Promise' in window)) {
-  es6promise.polyfill();
-}
-
-if (!('Uint32Array' in window)) {
-  window.Uint32Array = Uint32Array;
-}
-if (window.Uint32Array) {
-  // @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray/some
-  if (!('some' in window.Uint32Array.prototype)) {
-    Object.defineProperty(window.Uint32Array.prototype, 'some', {
-      value: Array.prototype.some
-    });
-  }
-
-  if (!('reduce' in window.Uint32Array.prototype)) {
-    // @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray/reduce
-    Object.defineProperty(window.Uint32Array.prototype, 'reduce', {
-      value: Array.prototype.reduce
-    });
-  }
-}
-
 /**
  * Namespace `axe.imports` which holds required external dependencies
  *
diff --git a/lib/core/imports/polyfills.js b/lib/core/imports/polyfills.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5725632e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/core/imports/polyfills.js
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+import es6promise from 'es6-promise';
+import { Uint32Array } from 'typedarray';
+import 'weakmap-polyfill';
+import hasOwn from 'core-js-pure/actual/object/has-own';
+import values from 'core-js-pure/actual/object/values';
+
+if (!('hasOwn' in Object)) {
+  Object.hasOwn = hasOwn;
+}
+
+if (!('values' in Object)) {
+  Object.values = values;
+}
+
+if (!('Promise' in window)) {
+  es6promise.polyfill();
+}
+
+if (!('Uint32Array' in window)) {
+  window.Uint32Array = Uint32Array;
+}
+if (window.Uint32Array) {
+  // @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray/some
+  if (!('some' in window.Uint32Array.prototype)) {
+    Object.defineProperty(window.Uint32Array.prototype, 'some', {
+      value: Array.prototype.some
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (!('reduce' in window.Uint32Array.prototype)) {
+    // @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray/reduce
+    Object.defineProperty(window.Uint32Array.prototype, 'reduce', {
+      value: Array.prototype.reduce
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ These polyfills came directly from the ES Specification itself
+ Contained within:
+  - Object.assign
+  - Array.prototype.find
+*/
+if (typeof Object.assign !== 'function') {
+  (function () {
+    Object.assign = function (target) {
+      if (target === undefined || target === null) {
+        throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object');
+      }
+
+      var output = Object(target);
+      for (var index = 1; index < arguments.length; index++) {
+        var source = arguments[index];
+        if (source !== undefined && source !== null) {
+          for (var nextKey in source) {
+            if (source.hasOwnProperty(nextKey)) {
+              output[nextKey] = source[nextKey];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return output;
+    };
+  })();
+}
+
+if (!Array.prototype.find) {
+  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'find', {
+    value: function (predicate) {
+      if (this === null) {
+        throw new TypeError('Array.prototype.find called on null or undefined');
+      }
+      if (typeof predicate !== 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError('predicate must be a function');
+      }
+      var list = Object(this);
+      var length = list.length >>> 0;
+      var thisArg = arguments[1];
+      var value;
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        value = list[i];
+        if (predicate.call(thisArg, value, i, list)) {
+          return value;
+        }
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+if (!Array.prototype.findIndex) {
+  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'findIndex', {
+    value: function (predicate, thisArg) {
+      if (this === null) {
+        throw new TypeError('Array.prototype.find called on null or undefined');
+      }
+      if (typeof predicate !== 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError('predicate must be a function');
+      }
+      var list = Object(this);
+      var length = list.length >>> 0;
+      var value;
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        value = list[i];
+        if (predicate.call(thisArg, value, i, list)) {
+          return i;
+        }
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+if (!Array.prototype.includes) {
+  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'includes', {
+    value: function (searchElement) {
+      var O = Object(this);
+      var len = parseInt(O.length, 10) || 0;
+      if (len === 0) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var n = parseInt(arguments[1], 10) || 0;
+      var k;
+      if (n >= 0) {
+        k = n;
+      } else {
+        k = len + n;
+        if (k < 0) {
+          k = 0;
+        }
+      }
+      var currentElement;
+      while (k < len) {
+        currentElement = O[k];
+        if (
+          searchElement === currentElement ||
+          (searchElement !== searchElement && currentElement !== currentElement)
+        ) {
+          // NaN !== NaN
+          return true;
+        }
+        k++;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 5, 15.4.4.17
+// Reference: http://es5.github.io/#x15.4.4.17
+if (!Array.prototype.some) {
+  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'some', {
+    value: function (fun) {
+      if (this == null) {
+        throw new TypeError('Array.prototype.some called on null or undefined');
+      }
+
+      if (typeof fun !== 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError();
+      }
+
+      var t = Object(this);
+      var len = t.length >>> 0;
+
+      var thisArg = arguments.length >= 2 ? arguments[1] : void 0;
+      for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        if (i in t && fun.call(thisArg, t[i], i, t)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+if (!Array.from) {
+  Object.defineProperty(Array, 'from', {
+    value: (function () {
+      var toStr = Object.prototype.toString;
+      var isCallable = function (fn) {
+        return (
+          typeof fn === 'function' || toStr.call(fn) === '[object Function]'
+        );
+      };
+      var toInteger = function (value) {
+        var number = Number(value);
+        if (isNaN(number)) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+        if (number === 0 || !isFinite(number)) {
+          return number;
+        }
+        return (number > 0 ? 1 : -1) * Math.floor(Math.abs(number));
+      };
+      var maxSafeInteger = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
+      var toLength = function (value) {
+        var len = toInteger(value);
+        return Math.min(Math.max(len, 0), maxSafeInteger);
+      };
+
+      // The length property of the from method is 1.
+      return function from(arrayLike /*, mapFn, thisArg */) {
+        // 1. Let C be the this value.
+        var C = this;
+
+        // 2. Let items be ToObject(arrayLike).
+        var items = Object(arrayLike);
+
+        // 3. ReturnIfAbrupt(items).
+        if (arrayLike == null) {
+          throw new TypeError(
+            'Array.from requires an array-like object - not null or undefined'
+          );
+        }
+
+        // 4. If mapfn is undefined, then let mapping be false.
+        var mapFn = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : void undefined;
+        var T;
+        if (typeof mapFn !== 'undefined') {
+          // 5. else
+          // 5. a If IsCallable(mapfn) is false, throw a TypeError exception.
+          if (!isCallable(mapFn)) {
+            throw new TypeError(
+              'Array.from: when provided, the second argument must be a function'
+            );
+          }
+
+          // 5. b. If thisArg was supplied, let T be thisArg; else let T be undefined.
+          if (arguments.length > 2) {
+            T = arguments[2];
+          }
+        }
+
+        // 10. Let lenValue be Get(items, "length").
+        // 11. Let len be ToLength(lenValue).
+        var len = toLength(items.length);
+
+        // 13. If IsConstructor(C) is true, then
+        // 13. a. Let A be the result of calling the [[Construct]] internal method of C with an argument list containing the single item len.
+        // 14. a. Else, Let A be ArrayCreate(len).
+        var A = isCallable(C) ? Object(new C(len)) : new Array(len);
+
+        // 16. Let k be 0.
+        var k = 0;
+        // 17. Repeat, while k < len… (also steps a - h)
+        var kValue;
+        while (k < len) {
+          kValue = items[k];
+          if (mapFn) {
+            A[k] =
+              typeof T === 'undefined'
+                ? mapFn(kValue, k)
+                : mapFn.call(T, kValue, k);
+          } else {
+            A[k] = kValue;
+          }
+          k += 1;
+        }
+        // 18. Let putStatus be Put(A, "length", len, true).
+        A.length = len;
+        // 20. Return A.
+        return A;
+      };
+    })()
+  });
+}
+
+if (!String.prototype.includes) {
+  String.prototype.includes = function (search, start) {
+    if (typeof start !== 'number') {
+      start = 0;
+    }
+    if (start + search.length > this.length) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      return this.indexOf(search, start) !== -1;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+// @see https://github.com/jonathantneal/array-flat-polyfill/blob/master/src/polyfill-flat.js
+if (!Array.prototype.flat) {
+  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'flat', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: function flat() {
+      var depth = isNaN(arguments[0]) ? 1 : Number(arguments[0]);
+
+      return depth
+        ? Array.prototype.reduce.call(
+            this,
+            function (acc, cur) {
+              if (Array.isArray(cur)) {
+                acc.push.apply(acc, flat.call(cur, depth - 1));
+              } else {
+                acc.push(cur);
+              }
+
+              return acc;
+            },
+            []
+          )
+        : Array.prototype.slice.call(this);
+    },
+    writable: true
+  });
+}
+
+// linked from MDN docs on isConnected
+// @see https://gist.github.com/eligrey/f109a6d0bf4efe3461201c3d7b745e8f
+if (window.Node && !('isConnected' in window.Node.prototype)) {
+  Object.defineProperty(window.Node.prototype, 'isConnected', {
+    get() {
+      return (
+        !this.ownerDocument ||
+        !(
+          this.ownerDocument.compareDocumentPosition(this) &
+          this.DOCUMENT_POSITION_DISCONNECTED
+        )
+      );
+    }
+  });
+}
diff --git a/lib/core/utils/pollyfills.js b/lib/core/utils/pollyfills.js
index 6829b80dc8..1783f12946 100644
--- a/lib/core/utils/pollyfills.js
+++ b/lib/core/utils/pollyfills.js
@@ -1,81 +1,3 @@
-/*
- These polyfills came directly from the ES Specification itself
- Contained within:
-	- Object.assign
-	- Array.prototype.find
-*/
-if (typeof Object.assign !== 'function') {
-  (function () {
-    Object.assign = function (target) {
-      if (target === undefined || target === null) {
-        throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object');
-      }
-
-      var output = Object(target);
-      for (var index = 1; index < arguments.length; index++) {
-        var source = arguments[index];
-        if (source !== undefined && source !== null) {
-          for (var nextKey in source) {
-            if (source.hasOwnProperty(nextKey)) {
-              output[nextKey] = source[nextKey];
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return output;
-    };
-  })();
-}
-
-if (!Array.prototype.find) {
-  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'find', {
-    value: function (predicate) {
-      if (this === null) {
-        throw new TypeError('Array.prototype.find called on null or undefined');
-      }
-      if (typeof predicate !== 'function') {
-        throw new TypeError('predicate must be a function');
-      }
-      var list = Object(this);
-      var length = list.length >>> 0;
-      var thisArg = arguments[1];
-      var value;
-
-      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        value = list[i];
-        if (predicate.call(thisArg, value, i, list)) {
-          return value;
-        }
-      }
-      return undefined;
-    }
-  });
-}
-
-if (!Array.prototype.findIndex) {
-  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'findIndex', {
-    value: function (predicate, thisArg) {
-      if (this === null) {
-        throw new TypeError('Array.prototype.find called on null or undefined');
-      }
-      if (typeof predicate !== 'function') {
-        throw new TypeError('predicate must be a function');
-      }
-      var list = Object(this);
-      var length = list.length >>> 0;
-      var value;
-
-      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        value = list[i];
-        if (predicate.call(thisArg, value, i, list)) {
-          return i;
-        }
-      }
-      return -1;
-    }
-  });
-}
-
 // Spelled incorrectly intentionally (backwards compatibility).
 export function pollyfillElementsFromPoint() {
   if (document.elementsFromPoint) return document.elementsFromPoint;
@@ -149,214 +71,3 @@ export function pollyfillElementsFromPoint() {
 if (typeof window.addEventListener === 'function') {
   document.elementsFromPoint = pollyfillElementsFromPoint();
 }
-
-if (!Array.prototype.includes) {
-  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'includes', {
-    value: function (searchElement) {
-      var O = Object(this);
-      var len = parseInt(O.length, 10) || 0;
-      if (len === 0) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      var n = parseInt(arguments[1], 10) || 0;
-      var k;
-      if (n >= 0) {
-        k = n;
-      } else {
-        k = len + n;
-        if (k < 0) {
-          k = 0;
-        }
-      }
-      var currentElement;
-      while (k < len) {
-        currentElement = O[k];
-        if (
-          searchElement === currentElement ||
-          (searchElement !== searchElement && currentElement !== currentElement)
-        ) {
-          // NaN !== NaN
-          return true;
-        }
-        k++;
-      }
-      return false;
-    }
-  });
-}
-
-// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 5, 15.4.4.17
-// Reference: http://es5.github.io/#x15.4.4.17
-if (!Array.prototype.some) {
-  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'some', {
-    value: function (fun) {
-      if (this == null) {
-        throw new TypeError('Array.prototype.some called on null or undefined');
-      }
-
-      if (typeof fun !== 'function') {
-        throw new TypeError();
-      }
-
-      var t = Object(this);
-      var len = t.length >>> 0;
-
-      var thisArg = arguments.length >= 2 ? arguments[1] : void 0;
-      for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        if (i in t && fun.call(thisArg, t[i], i, t)) {
-          return true;
-        }
-      }
-
-      return false;
-    }
-  });
-}
-
-if (!Array.from) {
-  Object.defineProperty(Array, 'from', {
-    value: (function () {
-      var toStr = Object.prototype.toString;
-      var isCallable = function (fn) {
-        return (
-          typeof fn === 'function' || toStr.call(fn) === '[object Function]'
-        );
-      };
-      var toInteger = function (value) {
-        var number = Number(value);
-        if (isNaN(number)) {
-          return 0;
-        }
-        if (number === 0 || !isFinite(number)) {
-          return number;
-        }
-        return (number > 0 ? 1 : -1) * Math.floor(Math.abs(number));
-      };
-      var maxSafeInteger = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
-      var toLength = function (value) {
-        var len = toInteger(value);
-        return Math.min(Math.max(len, 0), maxSafeInteger);
-      };
-
-      // The length property of the from method is 1.
-      return function from(arrayLike /*, mapFn, thisArg */) {
-        // 1. Let C be the this value.
-        var C = this;
-
-        // 2. Let items be ToObject(arrayLike).
-        var items = Object(arrayLike);
-
-        // 3. ReturnIfAbrupt(items).
-        if (arrayLike == null) {
-          throw new TypeError(
-            'Array.from requires an array-like object - not null or undefined'
-          );
-        }
-
-        // 4. If mapfn is undefined, then let mapping be false.
-        var mapFn = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : void undefined;
-        var T;
-        if (typeof mapFn !== 'undefined') {
-          // 5. else
-          // 5. a If IsCallable(mapfn) is false, throw a TypeError exception.
-          if (!isCallable(mapFn)) {
-            throw new TypeError(
-              'Array.from: when provided, the second argument must be a function'
-            );
-          }
-
-          // 5. b. If thisArg was supplied, let T be thisArg; else let T be undefined.
-          if (arguments.length > 2) {
-            T = arguments[2];
-          }
-        }
-
-        // 10. Let lenValue be Get(items, "length").
-        // 11. Let len be ToLength(lenValue).
-        var len = toLength(items.length);
-
-        // 13. If IsConstructor(C) is true, then
-        // 13. a. Let A be the result of calling the [[Construct]] internal method of C with an argument list containing the single item len.
-        // 14. a. Else, Let A be ArrayCreate(len).
-        var A = isCallable(C) ? Object(new C(len)) : new Array(len);
-
-        // 16. Let k be 0.
-        var k = 0;
-        // 17. Repeat, while k < len… (also steps a - h)
-        var kValue;
-        while (k < len) {
-          kValue = items[k];
-          if (mapFn) {
-            A[k] =
-              typeof T === 'undefined'
-                ? mapFn(kValue, k)
-                : mapFn.call(T, kValue, k);
-          } else {
-            A[k] = kValue;
-          }
-          k += 1;
-        }
-        // 18. Let putStatus be Put(A, "length", len, true).
-        A.length = len;
-        // 20. Return A.
-        return A;
-      };
-    })()
-  });
-}
-
-if (!String.prototype.includes) {
-  String.prototype.includes = function (search, start) {
-    if (typeof start !== 'number') {
-      start = 0;
-    }
-    if (start + search.length > this.length) {
-      return false;
-    } else {
-      return this.indexOf(search, start) !== -1;
-    }
-  };
-}
-
-// @see https://github.com/jonathantneal/array-flat-polyfill/blob/master/src/polyfill-flat.js
-if (!Array.prototype.flat) {
-  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'flat', {
-    configurable: true,
-    value: function flat() {
-      var depth = isNaN(arguments[0]) ? 1 : Number(arguments[0]);
-
-      return depth
-        ? Array.prototype.reduce.call(
-            this,
-            function (acc, cur) {
-              if (Array.isArray(cur)) {
-                acc.push.apply(acc, flat.call(cur, depth - 1));
-              } else {
-                acc.push(cur);
-              }
-
-              return acc;
-            },
-            []
-          )
-        : Array.prototype.slice.call(this);
-    },
-    writable: true
-  });
-}
-
-// linked from MDN docs on isConnected
-// @see https://gist.github.com/eligrey/f109a6d0bf4efe3461201c3d7b745e8f
-if (window.Node && !('isConnected' in window.Node.prototype)) {
-  Object.defineProperty(window.Node.prototype, 'isConnected', {
-    get() {
-      return (
-        !this.ownerDocument ||
-        !(
-          this.ownerDocument.compareDocumentPosition(this) &
-          this.DOCUMENT_POSITION_DISCONNECTED
-        )
-      );
-    }
-  });
-}