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tricks.html
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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='UTF-8'><meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width initial-scale=1'>
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.outline-item:hover { margin-left: -28px; margin-right: -28px; border-left-width: 28px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: transparent; border-right-width: 28px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; }
.outline-item-single .outline-expander::before, .outline-item-single .outline-expander:hover::before { display: none; }
.outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: ""; }
.outline-children { display: none; }
.info-panel-tab-wrapper { display: none; }
.outline-item-open > .outline-children { display: block; }
.typora-export .outline-item { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; }
.typora-export .outline-item:hover { margin-right: -8px; border-right-width: 8px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; }
.typora-export .outline-expander::before { content: "+"; font-family: inherit; top: -1px; }
.typora-export .outline-expander:hover::before, .typora-export .outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: "−"; }
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: none; }
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-item-open > .outline-children, .typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: block; }
.typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-expander::before { content: "" !important; }
.typora-export-show-outline .outline-item-active > .outline-item .outline-label { font-weight: 700; }
.md-inline-math-container mjx-container { zoom: 0.95; }
mjx-container { break-inside: avoid; }
.md-alert.md-alert-note { border-left-color: rgb(9, 105, 218); }
.md-alert.md-alert-important { border-left-color: rgb(130, 80, 223); }
.md-alert.md-alert-warning { border-left-color: rgb(154, 103, 0); }
.md-alert.md-alert-tip { border-left-color: rgb(31, 136, 61); }
.md-alert.md-alert-caution { border-left-color: rgb(207, 34, 46); }
.md-alert { padding: 0px 1em; margin-bottom: 16px; color: inherit; border-left-width: 0.25em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.md-alert-text-note { color: rgb(9, 105, 218); }
.md-alert-text-important { color: rgb(130, 80, 223); }
.md-alert-text-warning { color: rgb(154, 103, 0); }
.md-alert-text-tip { color: rgb(31, 136, 61); }
.md-alert-text-caution { color: rgb(207, 34, 46); }
.md-alert-text { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 700; }
.md-alert-text svg { fill: currentcolor; position: relative; top: 0.125em; margin-right: 1ch; overflow: visible; }
.md-alert-text-container::after { content: attr(data-text); text-transform: capitalize; pointer-events: none; margin-right: 1ch; }
.CodeMirror { height: auto; }
.CodeMirror.cm-s-inner { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { overflow: auto hidden; z-index: 3; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); background: inherit; white-space: nowrap; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { padding: 0px 3px 0px 5px; text-align: right; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-keyword { color: rgb(119, 0, 136); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-atom, .cm-s-inner.cm-atom { color: rgb(34, 17, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-number { color: rgb(17, 102, 68); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-def { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-2 { color: rgb(0, 85, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-3 { color: rgb(0, 136, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string { color: rgb(170, 17, 17); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-property { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-operator { color: rgb(152, 26, 26); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-comment, .cm-s-inner.cm-comment { color: rgb(170, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string-2 { color: rgb(255, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-meta { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-qualifier { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-builtin { color: rgb(51, 0, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-bracket { color: rgb(153, 153, 119); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-tag { color: rgb(17, 119, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-attribute { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-header, .cm-s-inner.cm-header { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-quote, .cm-s-inner.cm-quote { color: rgb(0, 153, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-hr, .cm-s-inner.cm-hr { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-link, .cm-s-inner.cm-link { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-negative { color: rgb(221, 68, 68); }
.cm-positive { color: rgb(34, 153, 34); }
.cm-header, .cm-strong { font-weight: 700; }
.cm-del { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-em { font-style: italic; }
.cm-link { text-decoration: underline; }
.cm-error { color: red; }
.cm-invalidchar { color: red; }
.cm-constant { color: rgb(38, 139, 210); }
.cm-defined { color: rgb(181, 137, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-matchingbracket { color: rgb(0, 255, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-nonmatchingbracket { color: rgb(255, 34, 34); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-activeline-background { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { height: 100%; outline: 0px; position: relative; box-sizing: content-box; background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-sizer { position: relative; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-hscrollbar, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler, .CodeMirror-vscrollbar { position: absolute; z-index: 6; display: none; outline: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-vscrollbar { right: 0px; top: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-hscrollbar { bottom: 0px; left: 0px; overflow: auto hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { right: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler { left: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; z-index: 3; overflow-y: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-gutter { white-space: normal; height: 100%; box-sizing: content-box; padding-bottom: 30px; margin-bottom: -32px; display: inline-block; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper { position: absolute; z-index: 4; background: 0px 0px !important; border: medium !important; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-background { position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-elt { position: absolute; cursor: default; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-lines { cursor: text; }
.CodeMirror pre { border-radius: 0px; border-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: normal; color: inherit; z-index: 2; position: relative; overflow: visible; }
.CodeMirror-wrap pre { overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: normal; }
.CodeMirror-code pre { border-right-width: 30px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: transparent; width: fit-content; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-code pre { border-right-width: medium; border-right-style: none; border-right-color: currentcolor; width: auto; }
.CodeMirror-linebackground { position: absolute; inset: 0px; z-index: 0; }
.CodeMirror-linewidget { position: relative; z-index: 2; overflow: auto; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-scroll { overflow-x: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure { position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure pre { position: static; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { position: absolute; visibility: hidden; border-right-width: medium; border-right-style: none; border-right-color: currentcolor; width: 0px; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-focused div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: inherit; }
.cm-searching { background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.4); }
span.cm-underlined { text-decoration: underline; }
span.cm-strikethrough { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-tw-syntaxerror { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(153, 0, 0); }
.cm-tw-deleted { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-tw-header5 { font-weight: 700; }
.cm-tw-listitem:first-child { padding-left: 10px; }
.cm-tw-box { border-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-color: inherit; border-top-width: 0px !important; }
.cm-tw-underline { text-decoration: underline; }
@media print {
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
}
:root {
--active-file-bg-color: #dadada;
--active-file-bg-color: rgba(32, 43, 51, 0.63);
--active-file-text-color: white;
--bg-color: #fff;
--text-color: #333;
--side-bar-bg-color: #f5f5f5;
--control-text-color: #666;
}
/* 防止用户自定义背景颜色对网页的影响，添加让用户可以自定义字体 */
html {
color: #333;
background: #fff;
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;
text-rendering: optimizelegibility;
font-size: 14px;
-webkit-font-smoothing: initial;
}
#write {
max-width: 960px;
padding-top: 2em;
padding-left: 60px;
padding-right: 60px;
min-height: calc(100vh - 6em);
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
font-size: 16px;
}
.typora-node #write {
min-height: calc(100% - 6em);
}
pre.md-meta-block {
background: #f5f5f5;
padding: 1em;
border-radius: 3px;
font-size: 14px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
html {
font-size: 14px;
}
#write {
padding-left: 30px;
padding-right: 30px;
font-size: 14px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1100px) {
body, #footer-word-count-info {
background: #f5f5f5;
}
body.pin-outline,
.pin-outline #footer-word-count-info,
.pin-outline footer {
background: #fff;
}
#write {
max-width: 1000px;
padding: 40px 60px;
background: #fff;
margin: 3em auto 3em;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-width: 0 1px;
}
.pin-outline #write {
max-width: 1000px;
background: #fff;
margin: 0 0 0;
border: 0;
padding-left: 60px;
padding-right: 60px;
}
footer {
background-color: transparent;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1300px) {
body.pin-outline,
.pin-outline #footer-word-count-info,
.pin-outline footer {
background: #f5f5f5;
}
.pin-outline #write {
max-width: 1000px;
padding: 40px 60px;
background: #fff;
margin: 3em auto 3em;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-width: 0 1px;
}
.pin-outline footer {
background-color: transparent;
}
#footer-word-count-info {
background: #f5f5f5;
}
}
/* 如果你的项目仅支持 IE9+ | Chrome | Firefox 等，推荐在 <html> 中添加 .borderbox 这个 class */
html.borderbox *, html.borderbox *:before, html.borderbox *:after {
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
-webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* 内外边距通常让各个浏览器样式的表现位置不同 */
body, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, code, form, fieldset, legend, input, textarea, p, blockquote, th, td, hr, button, article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, menu, nav, section {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/* 重设 HTML5 标签, IE 需要在 js 中 createElement(TAG) */
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, menu, nav, section {
display: block;
}
/* HTML5 媒体文件跟 img 保持一致 */
audio, canvas, video {
display: inline-block;
}
/* 要注意表单元素并不继承父级 font 的问题 */
body, button, input, select, textarea {
font: 300 1em/1.8 "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft Yahei", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans;
}
body {
font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft Yahei", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT", "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft Yahei", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans;
/*font-family: "PingFang SC", "Lantinghei SC", "Microsoft Yahei", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans;*/
-webkit-font-smoothing: initial;
font-weight: 100;
color: var(--text-color);
line-height: 1.35;
font-variant-numeric: lining-nums;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
em {
font-family: Georgia-Italic, STSongti-SC-Light, serif;
}
strong em,
em strong {
font-family: Georgia-BoldItalic, STSongti-SC-Regular, serif;
}
button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
padding: 0;
border: 0;
}
/* 去掉各Table cell 的边距并让其边重合 */
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
/* 去除默认边框 */
fieldset, img {
border: 0;
}
/* 块/段落引用 */
blockquote {
position: relative;
color: #999;
font-weight: 400;
border-left: 1px solid #1abc9c;
padding-left: 1em;
margin: 1em 3em 1em 2em;
}
@media only screen and ( max-width: 640px ) {
blockquote {
margin: 1em 0;
}
}
/* Firefox 以外，元素没有下划线，需添加 */
acronym, abbr {
border-bottom: 1px dotted;
font-variant: normal;
}
/* 添加鼠标问号，进一步确保应用的语义是正确的（要知道，交互他们也有洁癖，如果你不去掉，那得多花点口舌） */
abbr {
cursor: help;
}
address, caption, cite, code, dfn, th, var {
font-style: normal;
font-weight: 400;
}
/* 去掉列表前的标识, li 会继承，大部分网站通常用列表来很多内容，所以应该当去 */
ul, ol {
list-style: none;
}
/* 对齐是排版最重要的因素, 别让什么都居中 */
caption, th {
text-align: left;
}
q:before, q:after {
content: '';
}
/* 统一上标和下标 */
sub, sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
}
:root sub, :root sup {
vertical-align: baseline; /* for ie9 and other modern browsers */
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
/* 让链接在 hover 状态下显示下划线 */
a {
color: #1abc9c;
}
a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
#write a {
border-bottom: 1px solid #1abc9c;
}
#write a:hover {
border-bottom-color: #555;
color: #555;
text-decoration: none;
}
/* 默认不显示下划线，保持页面简洁 */
ins, a {
text-decoration: none;
}
/* 标记，类似于手写的荧光笔的作用 */
mark {
background: #fffdd1;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ffedce;
padding: 2px;
margin: 0 5px;
}
/* 代码片断 */
pre, code, pre tt {
font-family: Courier, 'Courier New', monospace;
}
#write .md-fences {
border: 1px solid #ddd;
padding: 1em 0.5em;
display: block;
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}
/* 一致化 horizontal rule */
hr {
border: none;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cfcfcf;
margin-bottom: 0.8em;
height: 10px;
}
#write strong {
font-weight: 900;
color:#383838;
/*font-weight: bloder;
/*color: #000;*/
}
.code-tooltip.md-hover-tip strong {
color: white;
}
/* 保证块/段落之间的空白隔行 */
#write p, #write .md-fences, #write ul, #write ol, #write dl, #write form, #write hr, #write figure,
#write-p, #write-pre, #write-ul, #write-ol, #write-dl, #write-form, #write-hr, #write-table, blockquote {
margin-bottom: 1.2em
}
html {
font-family: PingFang SC, Verdana, Helvetica Neue, Microsoft Yahei, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft Sans Serif, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif;
}
/* 标题应该更贴紧内容，并与其他块区分，margin 值要相应做优化 */
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6,
#write-h1, #write-h2, #write-h3, #write-h4, #write-h5, #write-h6 {
margin-top: 1.2em;
margin-bottom: 0.6em;
line-height: 1.35;
color: #000;
}
#write h1, #write-h1 {
font-size: 2.4em;
padding-bottom: 1em;
border-bottom: 3px double #eee;
}
#write h2, #write-h2 {
font-size: 1.8em;
}
#write h3, #write-h3 {
font-size: 1.6em;
}
#write h4, #write-h4 {
font-size: 1.4em;
}
#write h5, #write h6, #write-h5, #write-h6 {
font-size: 1.2em;
}
/* 在文章中，应该还原 ul 和 ol 的样式 */
#write ul, #write-ul {
margin-left: 1.3em;
list-style: disc;
}
#write ol, #write-ol {
list-style: decimal;
margin-left: 1.9em;
}
#write li ul, #write li ol, #write-ul ul, #write-ul ol, #write-ol ul, #write-ol ol {
margin-bottom: 0.8em;
margin-left: 2em;
}
#write li ul, #write-ul ul, #write-ol ul {
list-style: circle;
}
#write table th, #write table td {
border: 1px solid #ddd;
padding: 0.5em 1em;
color: #666;
}
#write table .md-table-edit th {
border: none;
padding: 0;
color: inherit;
}
#write table th, #write-table th {
background: #fbfbfb;
}
#write table thead th, #write-table thead th {
background: #f1f1f1;
}
#write table caption {
border-bottom: none;
}
#write em {
font-weight: inherit;
font-style: inherit;
}
li>p {
margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
/* Responsive images */
#write img {
max-width: 100%;
}
a.md-toc-inner {
border-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.md-toc-h1:first-of-type:last-of-type{
display: none;
}
.md-toc {
font-size: inherit;
}
.md-toc-h1 .md-toc-inner {
font-weight: normal;
}
.md-table-edit th {
padding: 0 !important;
border: 0 !important;
}
.mac-seamless-mode #write {
min-height: calc(100vh - 6em - 20px);
}
.typora-quick-open-item.active {
color: var(--active-file-text-color);
}
*.in-text-selection, ::selection {
background: var(--active-file-bg-color);
text-shadow: none;
color: white;
}
.btn-primary {
background-color: #2d2d2d;
border-color: #020202;
}
.btn-primary:hover, .btn-primary:focus, .btn-primary.focus, .btn-primary:active, .btn-primary.active, .open > .dropdown-toggle.btn-primary {
background-color: #4e4c4e;
border: #4e4c4e;
}
#preference-dialog .modal-content{
background: #6e757a;
--bg-color: #6e757a;
--text-color: #f1f1f1;
color: #f1f1f1;
}
#typora-source,
.typora-sourceview-on {
--bg-color: #eee;
background: #eee;
}
.cm-s-typora-default .cm-header, .cm-s-typora-default .cm-property {
color: #116098;
}
.cm-s-typora-default .cm-link {
color: #11987d;
}
.cm-s-typora-default .cm-em {
font-family: Georgia-Italic, STSongti-SC-Light, serif;
color: #6f6400;
}
.cm-s-typora-default .cm-em{
color: rgb(0, 22, 45);
}
.CodeMirror.cm-s-typora-default div.CodeMirror-cursor{
border-left: 3px solid #6e757a;
}
.cm-s-typora-default .CodeMirror-selectedtext,
.typora-sourceview-on .CodeMirror-focused .CodeMirror-selected {
background: #6e757a;
color: white;
}
.file-node-icon.fa.fa-folder:before {
color: rgba(32, 43, 51, 0.49);
}
#preference-dialog .megamenu-menu-panel h1 {
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-corner {
display: none;
background: transparent;
}
.cm-s-inner {
background-color: #263238;
color: rgba(233, 237, 237, 1);
}
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-gutters {
background: #263238;
color: rgb(83,127,126);
border: none;
}
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-guttermarker, .cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-guttermarker-subtle, .cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-linenumber { color: rgb(83,127,126); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-cursor { border-left: 1px solid #f8f8f0; }
.cm-s-inner div.CodeMirror-selected { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15); }
.cm-s-inner.CodeMirror-focused div.CodeMirror-selected { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.10); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-line::selection, .cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-line > span::selection, .cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-line > span > span::selection { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.10); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-line::-moz-selection, .cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-line > span::-moz-selection, .cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-line > span > span::-moz-selection { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.10); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-activeline-background { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-keyword { color: rgba(199, 146, 234, 1); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-operator { color: rgba(233, 237, 237, 1); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-2 { color: #80CBC4; }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-3 { color: #82B1FF; }
.cm-s-inner .cm-builtin { color: #DECB6B; }
.cm-s-inner .cm-atom { color: #F77669; }
.cm-s-inner .cm-number { color: #F77669; }
.cm-s-inner .cm-def { color: rgba(233, 237, 237, 1); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string { color: #C3E88D; }
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<div id='write' class=''><div class='md-toc' mdtype='toc'><p class="md-toc-content" role="list"><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n3"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#内存泄露排查">内存泄露排查</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n4"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#oom-导致被杀">OOM 导致被杀</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n7"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#较为明显的内存泄漏">较为明显的内存泄漏</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n21"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#不太明显的内存泄漏">不太明显的内存泄漏</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n27"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#进程异常排查">进程异常排查</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n28"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#查看系统级别是否运行异常">查看系统级别是否运行异常</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n45"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#测试网络连通性">测试网络连通性</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n59"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#查看进程级别是否运行异常">查看进程级别是否运行异常</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n84"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#进程后台运行">进程后台运行</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n96"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#删除---开头文件">删除 - 开头文件</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n99"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#查看系统信息">查看系统信息</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n100"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#cpu">CPU</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n102"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#tcp-协议">TCP 协议</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n103"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#tcp-连接建立">TCP 连接建立</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n115"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#tcp-连接释放">TCP 连接释放</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n126"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#http-协议">HTTP 协议</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n127"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#wrk-http-压力测试">wrk: HTTP 压力测试</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n136"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#wrk的全局属性">wrk的全局属性</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n138"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#wrk-的全局方法">wrk 的全局方法</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n140"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#启动阶段">启动阶段</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n153"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#运行阶段">运行阶段</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n165"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#结束阶段">结束阶段</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n169"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#wrk-使用手册">wrk 使用手册</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n171"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#示例-1">示例 1</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n187"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#示例-2">示例 2</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n191"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#示例-3">示例 3</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n198"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#检测服务器是否支持断点续传">检测服务器是否支持断点续传</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n201"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#gdb-小技巧">GDB 小技巧</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n202"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#基本操作">基本操作</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n211"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#调试-coredump">调试 coredump</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n220"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#vim-小技巧">VIM 小技巧</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n321"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#git-小技巧">Git 小技巧</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n322"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#基本操作-2">基本操作</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n324"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#git-stash">git stash</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n343"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#git-tag">git tag</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n345"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#合并分支到主干">合并分支到主干</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n347"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#删除远程分支">删除远程分支</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n351"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#查看历史提交信息">查看历史提交信息</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n353"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#仓库迁移">仓库迁移</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n355"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#合并多次提交">合并多次提交</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n364"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#设置代理">设置代理</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n373"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#git-pullpush-记住密码">git pull/push 记住密码</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n377"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#github-同步-fork-仓库">github 同步 fork 仓库</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n402"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#github-提交-pr">github 提交 PR</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n420"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#yum-小技巧">YUM 小技巧</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n421"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#查询">查询</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n423"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#删除">删除</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n425"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#docker-小技巧">Docker 小技巧</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n426"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#镜像">镜像</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n428"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#标签">标签</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n430"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#由-dockerfile-构建镜像">由 Dockerfile 构建镜像</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n432"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#容器">容器</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n436"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#由容器构建镜像">由容器构建镜像</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n438"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#将镜像推送到-dockerhub">将镜像推送到 DockerHub</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n440"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#端口映射">端口映射</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n452"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#挂载目录">挂载目录</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n461"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#解决无法运行-systemctl">解决无法运行 systemctl</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n469"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#机器时间硬件时钟">机器时间、硬件时钟</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n471"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#网络测速">网络测速</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n482"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#ssh-机器互信免密登陆">SSH 机器互信（免密登陆）</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n497"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#pssh-批量操作">PSSH 批量操作</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n504"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#ssh-禁用超时">SSH 禁用超时</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n526"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#跳板机-jumpserver-上传下载文件">跳板机 Jumpserver 上传/下载文件</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n531"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#上传文件-rz">上传文件 rz</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n533"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#下载文件-sz">下载文件 sz</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n535"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#mysql-小技巧">MySQL 小技巧</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n536"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#mysql-命令行模式显示查询记录">MySQL 命令行模式显示查询记录</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n538"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#mysql-清理控制台">MySQL 清理控制台</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n540"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#mysql-查看库表结构">MySQL 查看库、表结构</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n542"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#mysql-随机排序">MySQL 随机排序</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n544"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#快捷选择-mysql-实例">快捷选择 MySQL 实例</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n555"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#条件插入">条件插入</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n559"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#timestamp-字段查询">timestamp 字段查询</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n564"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#时间相关函数">时间相关函数</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n565"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#查询-utc-时间戳utc-日期utc-时间now">查询 utc 时间戳、utc 日期、utc 时间、now()</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n567"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#now-与-sysdate-异同">now() 与 sysdate() 异同</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n570"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#dateadd-函数">date_add 函数</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n572"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#insert-into-select-语句">INSERT INTO SELECT 语句</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n575"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#查看表创建时间">查看表创建时间</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n578"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#三目表达式">三目表达式</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n580"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#between--and-">between ... and ...</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n593"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#ifnull">IFNULL</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n596"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#条件更新">条件更新</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n598"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#查询显示行号">查询显示行号</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n600"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#删除重复记录">删除重复记录</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n611"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#替换字段">替换字段</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n615"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#数据备份与恢复">数据备份与恢复</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n617"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#golang-小技巧">Golang 小技巧</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n962"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#判断-goproxy-是否缓存了某个-go-模块的特定版本">判断 goproxy 是否缓存了某个 Go 模块的特定版本</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n978"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#查看每个依赖项的完整-http-请求路径">查看每个依赖项的完整 HTTP 请求路径</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n954"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#redis-小技巧">Redis 小技巧</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n618"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#批量删除-key">批量删除 key</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n620"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#nginx-基础配置">NGINX 基础配置</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n621"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#配置静态资源">配置静态资源</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n622"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#使用-alias-重定义路径">使用 alias 重定义路径</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n629"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#使用-root-指定前缀">使用 root 指定前缀</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n636"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#location-匹配规则">Location 匹配规则</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n637"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#语法规则">语法规则</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n649"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#匹配过程">匹配过程</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n664"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#示例详解">示例详解</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n672"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#location-name-使用">location @name 使用</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n679"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#url-尾部的-">URL 尾部的 <code>/</code></a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n685"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#配置静态资源-2">配置静态资源</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n689"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#实践原则">实践原则</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n697"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#参考资料">参考资料</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n705"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#nginx-性能优化">NGINX 性能优化</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n710"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#高层的配置">高层的配置</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n723"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#events-模块">Events 模块</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n736"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#nginx-配置文件错误检查">NGINX 配置文件错误检查</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n740"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#nginx-实战">NGINX 实战</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n741"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#同时代理前端和后台接口">同时代理前端和后台接口</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n750"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#代理-websocket">代理 websocket</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n756"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#bash-共享屏幕录制屏幕">Bash 共享屏幕/录制屏幕</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n757"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#共享终端">共享终端</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n766"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#录制屏幕与回放">录制屏幕与回放</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n775"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#java-反编译">java 反编译</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n776"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#cfr">CFR</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n780"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#brew-安装指定版本的库">brew 安装指定版本的库</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n782"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#c++调用-golang-动态库">C++调用 golang 动态库</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n801"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#使用-frp-实现-windows-远程桌面连接">使用 frp 实现 Windows 远程桌面连接</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n856"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#刷新-dns-缓存">刷新 DNS 缓存</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n865"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#解决-godaddy-根域名--不支持-cname">解决 godaddy 根域名 @ 不支持 cname</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n885"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#centos-7-升级内核">CentOS 7 升级内核</a></span></p></div><hr /><h2 id='内存泄露排查'><span>内存泄露排查</span></h2><h3 id='oom-导致被杀'><span>OOM 导致被杀</span></h3><p><span>利用 </span><code>dmesg</code><span> 查看</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">dmesg | <span class="cm-builtin">grep</span> a.out</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='较为明显的内存泄漏'><span>较为明显的内存泄漏</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>通过系统自带的命令持续地观察进程内存的占用情况，即可发现有明显内存泄漏的进程；更进一步，当进程运行一段时间导致系统内存耗尽，将会被操作系统杀掉。</span></p></blockquote><ul><li><p><span>利用 </span><code>free</code><span> 查看系统内存</span></p></li><li><p><span>利用 </span><code>top</code><span>/</span><code>htop</code><span> 查看进程占用内存</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">top</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-d</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-p</span> pid</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>利用 ps 查看进程占用内存</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">watch <span class="cm-attribute">-n1</span> <span class="cm-string">'ps -aux|grep -v grep|grep pid'</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='不太明显的内存泄漏'><span>不太明显的内存泄漏</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>利用 </span><code>valgrind</code><span> 工具查看内存分配、释放、泄漏</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">valgrind <span class="cm-attribute">--log-file</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>valgrind.log <span class="cm-attribute">--tool</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>memcheck <span class="cm-attribute">--leak-check</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>full <span class="cm-attribute">--show-reachable</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>no <span class="cm-attribute">--workaround-gcc296-bugs</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-builtin">yes</span> ./a.out</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='进程异常排查'><span>进程异常排查</span></h2><h3 id='查看系统级别是否运行异常'><span>查看系统级别是否运行异常</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>利用 </span><code>top</code><span>/</span><code>htop</code><span> 查看全局资源使用</span></p></li><li><p><span>利用 </span><code>free</code><span> 查看系统内存使用</span></p></li><li><p><span>利用 </span><code>iostat</code><span> 查看磁盘 </span><code>I/O</code><span> 是否异常</span></p></li><li><p><span>利用 </span><code>df -i</code><span> 查看系统 </span><code>inode</code><span> 使用是否异常；</span><code>df -h</code><span> 查看系统磁盘使用是否异常</span></p></li><li><p><span>利用 </span><code>ss</code><span>/</span><code>netstat</code><span> 查看系统网络连接是否异常</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看网络统计信息</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@:~<span class="cm-comment"># netstat -s|grep -E "rejects|overflowed|timeout|dropped"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">6</span> dropped because of missing route</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">479629</span> times the listen queue of a socket overflowed</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">482420</span> SYNs to LISTEN sockets dropped</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">5</span> timeouts after SACK recovery</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">2</span> timeouts <span class="cm-keyword">in</span> loss state</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">12200</span> other TCP timeouts</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">582</span> connections aborted due to timeout</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看网络连接信息</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@:~<span class="cm-comment"># netstat -nap</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Active Internet connections (servers and established)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>.0.0.0:4501 <span class="cm-number">0</span>.0.0.0:* LISTEN <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>.0.0.0:22 <span class="cm-number">0</span>.0.0.0:* LISTEN <span class="cm-number">907</span>/sshd </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>.0.0.0:7901 <span class="cm-number">0</span>.0.0.0:* LISTEN <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">127</span>.0.0.1:32000 <span class="cm-number">0</span>.0.0.0:* LISTEN <span class="cm-number">1688</span>/java </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:7901 <span class="cm-number">47</span>.104.240.30:49308 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:7901 <span class="cm-number">39</span>.104.158.97:54688 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:7901 <span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.132.207:56138 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:22 <span class="cm-number">219</span>.133.101.96:42080 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">9831</span>/0 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:58788 <span class="cm-number">47</span>.104.240.30:7901 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:58600 <span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.132.207:7901 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:7901 <span class="cm-number">39</span>.106.164.24:59070 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:58122 <span class="cm-number">106</span>.11.248.209:80 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">1287</span>/AliYunDun </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">32</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:43932 <span class="cm-number">100</span>.100.0.13:3128 CLOSE_WAIT <span class="cm-number">1688</span>/java </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:7901 <span class="cm-number">47</span>.104.229.53:46200 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">127</span>.0.0.1:32000 <span class="cm-number">127</span>.0.0.1:31000 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">1686</span>/wrapper </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:7901 <span class="cm-number">116</span>.62.67.116:59758 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tcp <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.219.68:58226 <span class="cm-number">106</span>.14.112.174:7901 ESTABLISHED <span class="cm-number">25511</span>/coind </span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 682px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 682px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>利用 </span><code>ifstat</code><span> 查看系统网络流量是否异常</span></p></li></ul><h3 id='测试网络连通性'><span>测试网络连通性</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>HTTP</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@ubuntu:~<span class="cm-comment"># httpstat httpbin.org/get</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Connected to <span class="cm-number">52</span>.6.34.179:80 from <span class="cm-number">172</span>.18.118.11:52422</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">HTTP/1.1 <span class="cm-number">200</span> OK</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Date: Thu, <span class="cm-number">19</span> Nov <span class="cm-number">2020</span> <span class="cm-number">09</span>:36:08 GMT</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Content-Type: application/json</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Content-Length: <span class="cm-number">255</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Connection: keep-alive</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Server: gunicorn/19.9.0</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: <span class="cm-atom">true</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Body stored <span class="cm-keyword">in</span>: /tmp/tmpvrfwhh7m</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> DNS Lookup TCP Connection Server Processing Content Transfer</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[ 509ms | 2264ms | 831ms | 1ms ]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> | | | |</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> namelookup:509ms | | |</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> connect:2773ms | |</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> starttransfer:3605ms |</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> total:3606ms</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 462px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 462px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>TCP</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@ubuntu:~<span class="cm-comment"># nc -z -v 192.168.1.175 22</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Connection to <span class="cm-number">192</span>.168.1.175 <span class="cm-number">22</span> port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@ubuntu:~<span class="cm-comment"># telnet 192.168.1.175 22</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Trying <span class="cm-number">192</span>.168.1.175...</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Connected to <span class="cm-number">192</span>.168.1.175.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Escape character is <span class="cm-string">'^]'</span>.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2.10</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 110px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>UDP</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># nc -z -v -u 192.168.10.12 123</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Connection to <span class="cm-number">192</span>.118.20.95 <span class="cm-number">123</span> port [udp/ntp] succeeded!</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='查看进程级别是否运行异常'><span>查看进程级别是否运行异常</span></h3><ul><li><p><code>top</code><span>/</span><code>htop</code><span>/</span><code>iftop</code><span> 查看进程资源使用是否正常（特别注意，内存是否一致在增加）</span></p></li><li><p><code>nethogs</code><span> 查看进程流量 </span></p></li><li><p><code>lsof</code><span> 查看进程打开的文件句柄数</span></p></li><li><p><span>查看进程堆栈信息（2388 为进程号）</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[root@www ~]<span class="cm-comment"># cat /proc/2388/stack</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[<ffffffff811f2bb5>] poll_schedule_timeout<span class="cm-operator">+</span>0x55/0xb0</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[<ffffffff811f413d>] do_sys_poll<span class="cm-operator">+</span>0x4cd/0x580</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[<ffffffff811f42f4>] SyS_poll<span class="cm-operator">+</span>0x74/0x110</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[<ffffffff81645909>] system_call_fastpath<span class="cm-operator">+</span>0x16/0x1b</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><code>strace</code><span> 查看系统调用和信号</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[root@www ~]<span class="cm-comment"># strace -s 99 -ffp 3363</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Process <span class="cm-number">3363</span> attached with <span class="cm-number">2</span> threads</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[pid <span class="cm-number">3365</span>] restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted call ...> <unfinished ...></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[pid <span class="cm-number">3363</span>] select(18, [13 <span class="cm-number">16</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>], NULL, NULL, {29, <span class="cm-number">702368</span>}) <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span> (in [16], left {23, <span class="cm-number">709762</span>})</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[pid <span class="cm-number">3363</span>] fcntl(16, F_GETFL) <span class="cm-operator">=</span> 0x802 (flags O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[pid <span class="cm-number">3363</span>] accept4(16, <span class="cm-number">0</span>, NULL, SOCK_CLOEXEC) <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-1</span> EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Process <span class="cm-number">3365</span> detached</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 154px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 154px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><code>gdb attach</code><span> 进程并获取堆栈信息</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[root@www ~]<span class="cm-comment"># gdb attach 2388</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux <span class="cm-number">7</span>.6.1-80.el7</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Copyright (C) <span class="cm-number">2013</span> Free Software Foundation, Inc.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">License GPLv3<span class="cm-operator">+</span>: GNU GPL version <span class="cm-number">3</span> or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type <span class="cm-string">"show copying"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">and <span class="cm-string">"show warranty"</span> <span class="cm-keyword">for</span> details.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">This GDB was configured as <span class="cm-string">"x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu"</span>.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">For bug reporting instructions, please see:</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Attaching to process <span class="cm-number">2388</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Reading symbols from /home/mysql/bin/mysqld...</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">done</span>.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Reading symbols from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0...Reading symbols from /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib64/libpthread-2.17.so.debug...done.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">done</span>.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">(gdb) </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">(gdb) bt</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#0 0x00007f88e3f4669d in poll () at ../sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S:81</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#1 0x0000000000d2ae9d in Mysqld_socket_listener::listen_for_connection_event (this=0x5933700)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> at /root/lnmp1.3-full/src/mysql-5.7.11/sql/conn_handler/socket_connection.cc:848</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#2 0x000000000077e069 in connection_event_loop (this=0x59a6050) at /root/lnmp1.3-full/src/mysql-5.7.11/sql/conn_handler/connection_acceptor.h:66</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#3 mysqld_main (argc=45, argv=0x3b56bd8) at /root/lnmp1.3-full/src/mysql-5.7.11/sql/mysqld.cc:4941</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#4 0x00007f88e3e7bb15 in __libc_start_main (main=0x756100 <main(int, char**)>, argc=10, ubp_av=0x7ffe5ab6c418, init=<optimized out>, fini=<optimized out>, </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-def">rtld_fini</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><optimized out>, <span class="cm-def">stack_end</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>0x7ffe5ab6c408) at libc-start.c:274</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#5 0x00000000007734dd in _start ()</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 638px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 638px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>java 程序，可以借助 </span><code>jstack</code><span>、</span><code>jstat</code><span>、</span><code>jmap</code><span>、</span><code>jinfo</code><span> 等查看进程的运行信息</span></p></li></ul><h2 id='进程后台运行'><span>进程后台运行</span></h2><ul><li><p><span>代码层面，不同语言均可调用系统接口 daemon() 去实现</span></p></li><li><p><span>damon/damonlize 等小工具（不同系统名字略有不同）</span></p></li><li><p><span>screen/tmux</span></p></li><li><p><span>nohup</span></p></li><li><p><span>systemd/supervisor</span></p></li></ul><h3 id='删除---开头文件'><span>删除 - 开头文件</span></h3><p><span>加入当前目录前缀即可，例如</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">rm</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-rf</span> ./-ef\ \|\ <span class="cm-builtin">grep</span>\ nginx</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='查看系统信息'><span>查看系统信息</span></h2><h3 id='cpu'><span>CPU</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 总核数 = 物理 CPU 个数 X 每颗物理 CPU 的核数 </span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 总逻辑 CPU 数 = 物理 CPU 个数 X 每颗物理 CPU 的核数 X 超线程数</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看物理 CPU 个数</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">cat</span> /proc/cpuinfo| <span class="cm-builtin">grep</span> <span class="cm-string">"physical id"</span>| <span class="cm-builtin">sort</span>| uniq| <span class="cm-builtin">wc</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-l</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看每个物理 CPU 中core 的个数（核数）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">cat</span> /proc/cpuinfo| <span class="cm-builtin">grep</span> <span class="cm-string">"cpu cores"</span>| uniq</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看逻辑 CPU 的个数</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">cat</span> /proc/cpuinfo| <span class="cm-builtin">grep</span> <span class="cm-string">"processor"</span>| <span class="cm-builtin">wc</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-l</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看 CPU 信息（型号）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">cat</span> /proc/cpuinfo | <span class="cm-builtin">grep</span> name | <span class="cm-builtin">cut</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-f2</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-d</span>: | uniq <span class="cm-attribute">-c</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看 CPU 是否启用超线程。如果 cpu cores == siblings，表示不支持；否则支持</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@ubuntu:~<span class="cm-comment"># cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -e "cpu cores" -e "siblings" | sort | uniq</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">cpu cores : <span class="cm-number">12</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">siblings : <span class="cm-number">24</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 352px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 352px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='tcp-协议'><span>TCP 协议</span></h2><h3 id='tcp-连接建立'><span>TCP 连接建立</span></h3><p><span>在 TCP/IP 协议中，TCP 协议提供可靠的连接服务，采用三次握手建立一个连接。</span></p><ul><li><p><span>第一次握手：建立连接时，客户端发送 </span><code>SYN</code><span> 到服务器，并进入 </span><code>SYN_SEND</code><span> 状态，等待服务器确认</span></p></li><li><p><span>第二次握手：服务器收到 </span><code>SYN</code><span>，必须确认客户的 </span><code>SYN</code><span>，同时自己也发送一个 </span><code>SYN</code><span>，即 </span><code>SYN + ACK</code><span>，此时服务器 进入 </span><code>SYN_RECV</code><span> 状态</span></p></li><li><p><span>第三次握手：客户端收到服务器的 </span><code>SYN＋ACK</code><span>，向服务器发送确认包 </span><code>ACK</code><span>，此包发送完毕，客户端和服务器进入 </span><code>ESTABLISHED</code><span> 状态，完成三次握手。 完成三次握手，客户端与服务器开始传送数据。</span></p></li></ul><p><img src="pic/tcp/connect.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><strong><span>为什么要三次握手？</span></strong></p><p><span>防止失效的连接请求突然传到服务器端，让服务器端误认为要建立连接。</span></p><h3 id='tcp-连接释放'><span>TCP 连接释放</span></h3><p><span>在 TCP/IP 协议中，TCP 协议提供可靠的连接服务，采用四次挥手释放一个连接。</span></p><p><img src="pic/tcp/disconnect.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><strong><span>为什么 Client 进入 TIME-WAIT 后必须等待 2 MSL</span></strong></p><blockquote><p><span>报文段最大生存时间 MSL（Maximum Segment Lifetime），它是任何报文段被丢弃前在网络内的最长时间，实现中的常用值是 30秒，1 分钟，或 2 分钟</span></p></blockquote><ul><li><p><span>保证 Client 发送的最后一个 ACK 报文段能达到 Server</span></p></li><li><p><span>防止失效的报文段出现在连接中</span></p></li></ul><h2 id='http-协议'><span>HTTP 协议</span></h2><h3 id='wrk-http-压力测试'><span>wrk: HTTP 压力测试</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>wrk 是一款现代化的 http 压测工具，提供 lua 脚本的功能可以满足每个请求或部分请求的差异化</span></p></li><li><p><span>wrk 中执行 http 请求的时候，调用 lua 分为3个阶段，setup，running，done，每个 wrk 线程中都有独立的脚本环境</span></p></li><li><p><span>可以参考 </span><a href='https://github.com/wg/wrk'><span>wrk benchmark</span></a><span> 项目包含的样例（目录 scripts）以及说明（SCRIPTING）</span></p></li></ul><p><img src="pic/wrk/wrk.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><h4 id='wrk的全局属性'><span>wrk的全局属性</span></h4><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="lua"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="lua"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">wrk</span> = {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">scheme</span> = <span class="cm-string">"http"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">host</span> = <span class="cm-string">"localhost"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">port</span> = <span class="cm-keyword">nil</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">method</span> = <span class="cm-string">"GET"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">path</span> = <span class="cm-string">"/"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">headers</span> = {},</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">body</span> = <span class="cm-keyword">nil</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">thread</span> = <<span class="cm-variable">userdata</span>>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 220px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 220px;"></div></div></div></pre><h4 id='wrk-的全局方法'><span>wrk 的全局方法</span></h4><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="lua"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="lua"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- 生成整个 request 的 string，与全局属性 wrk table 配合使用</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-variable">wrk.format</span>(<span class="cm-variable">method</span>, <span class="cm-variable">path</span>, <span class="cm-variable">headers</span>, <span class="cm-variable">body</span>)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- 获取域名的 IP 和端口，返回 table</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-variable">wrk.lookup</span>(<span class="cm-variable">host</span>, <span class="cm-variable">service</span>)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- 判断 addr 是否能连接，例如：`127.0.0.1:80`，返回 true 或 false</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-variable">wrk.connect</span>(<span class="cm-variable">addr</span>)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><h4 id='启动阶段'><span>启动阶段</span></h4><blockquote><p><span>在脚本文件中实现 setup 方法，wrk 就会在测试线程已经初始化但还没有启动的时候调用该方法。wrk 会为每一个测试线程调用一次 setup 方法，并传入代表测试线程的对象 thread 作为参数。setup 方法中可操作该thread 对象，获取信息、存储信息、甚至关闭该线程。 </span></p></blockquote><p><span>thread提供了 1 个属性，3 个方法 </span></p><ul><li><p><span>thread.addr 设置请求需要打到的 ip</span></p></li><li><p><span>thread:get(name) 获取线程全局变量</span></p></li><li><p><span>thread:set(name, value) 设置线程全局变量</span></p></li><li><p><span>thread:stop() 终止线程</span></p></li></ul><h4 id='运行阶段'><span>运行阶段</span></h4><blockquote><p><span>init 由测试线程调用，只会在进入运行阶段时，调用一次。支持从启动 wrk 的命令中，获取命令行参数； delay 在每次发送 request 之前调用，如果需要 delay，那么 delay 相应时间； request 用来生成请求；每一次请求都会调用该方法，所以注意不要在该方法中做耗时的操作； reponse 在每次收到一个响应时调用；为提升性能，如果没有定义该方法，那么 wrk 不会解析 headers 和 body。</span></p></blockquote><ul><li><p><span>function init(args) 每个线程仅调用 1 次，args 用于获取命令行中传入的参数, 例如 --env=pre</span></p></li><li><p><span>function delay() 每次请求调用 1 次，发送下一个请求之前的延迟, 单位为 ms </span></p></li><li><p><span>function request() 每次请求调用 1 次，返回 http 请求 </span></p></li><li><p><span>function response(status, headers, body) 每次请求调用 1 次，返回 http 响应</span></p></li></ul><h4 id='结束阶段'><span>结束阶段</span></h4><blockquote><p><span>该方法在整个测试过程中只会调用一次，可从参数给定的对象中，获取压测结果，生成定制化的测试报告。 </span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="lua" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="lua"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-variable">done</span>(<span class="cm-variable">summary</span>, <span class="cm-variable">latency</span>, <span class="cm-variable">requests</span>)</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">latency.min</span> <span class="cm-comment">-- minimum value seen</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">latency.max</span> <span class="cm-comment">-- maximum value seen</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">latency.mean</span> <span class="cm-comment">-- average value seen</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">latency.stdev</span> <span class="cm-comment">-- standard deviation</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">latency</span>:<span class="cm-variable">percentile</span>(<span class="cm-number">99.0</span>) <span class="cm-comment">-- 99th percentile value</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">latency</span>(<span class="cm-variable">i</span>) <span class="cm-comment">-- raw value and count</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">summary</span> = {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">duration</span> = <span class="cm-variable">N</span>, <span class="cm-comment">-- run duration in microseconds</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">requests</span> = <span class="cm-variable">N</span>, <span class="cm-comment">-- total completed requests</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">bytes</span> = <span class="cm-variable">N</span>, <span class="cm-comment">-- total bytes received</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">errors</span> = {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">connect</span> = <span class="cm-variable">N</span>, <span class="cm-comment">-- total socket connection errors</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-builtin">read</span> = <span class="cm-variable">N</span>, <span class="cm-comment">-- total socket read errors</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-builtin">write</span> = <span class="cm-variable">N</span>, <span class="cm-comment">-- total socket write errors</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">status</span> = <span class="cm-variable">N</span>, <span class="cm-comment">-- total HTTP status codes > 399</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">timeout</span> = <span class="cm-variable">N</span> <span class="cm-comment">-- total request timeouts</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 484px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 484px;"></div></div></div></pre><h4 id='wrk-使用手册'><span>wrk 使用手册</span></h4><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">使用方法: wrk <选项> <被测 HTTP 服务的 URL> </span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> Options: </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-attribute">-c</span>, <span class="cm-attribute">--connections</span> <N> 跟服务器建立并保持的 TCP 连接数量 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">-d</span>, <span class="cm-attribute">--duration</span> <T> 压测时间 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">-t</span>, <span class="cm-attribute">--threads</span> <N> 使用多少个线程进行压测 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-attribute">-s</span>, <span class="cm-attribute">--script</span> <S> 指定 Lua 脚本路径 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-attribute">-H</span>, <span class="cm-attribute">--header</span> <H> 为每一个 HTTP 请求添加 HTTP 头 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">--latency</span> 在压测结束后，打印延迟统计信息 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">--timeout</span> <T> 超时时间 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-attribute">-v</span>, <span class="cm-attribute">--version</span> 打印正在使用的 wrk 的详细版本信息</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <N>代表数字参数，支持国际单位 (1k, 1M, 1G)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <T>代表时间参数，支持时间单位 (2s, 2m, 2h)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 308px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 308px;"></div></div></div></pre><h4 id='示例-1'><span>示例 1</span></h4><blockquote><p><span>启动 4 个线程，创建 100 个连接，持续 10s，请求百度主页（</span><strong><span>支持 HTTP/HTTPS</span></strong><span>）</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@ubuntu:~/wrk<span class="cm-comment"># wrk -t4 -c100 -d10s https://www.baidu.com</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Running 10s test @ https://www.baidu.com</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">4</span> threads and <span class="cm-number">100</span> connections</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max <span class="cm-operator">+</span>/- Stdev</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> Latency <span class="cm-number">77</span>.65ms <span class="cm-number">122</span>.51ms <span class="cm-number">1</span>.88s <span class="cm-number">88</span>.42%</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> Req/Sec <span class="cm-number">618</span>.40 <span class="cm-number">200</span>.60 <span class="cm-number">1</span>.25k <span class="cm-number">77</span>.58%</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">24500</span> requests <span class="cm-keyword">in</span> <span class="cm-number">10</span>.04s, <span class="cm-number">360</span>.47MB read</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> Socket errors: connect <span class="cm-number">0</span>, read <span class="cm-number">130</span>, <span class="cm-builtin">write</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>, timeout <span class="cm-number">0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Requests/sec: <span class="cm-number">2439</span>.09</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Transfer/sec: <span class="cm-number">35</span>.89MB</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 220px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 220px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><strong><span>结果分析：</span></strong></p><ul><li><p><code>avg/stddev/max</code><span> 平均值/标准差/最大值</span></p></li><li><p><code>+/- stddev</code><span> 正负一个标准差，落在正负一个标准差的次数所占比重，值越大数据越稳定</span></p></li><li><p><code>latency</code><span> 时延，对应响应时间</span></p></li><li><p><code>Req/Sec</code><span> 单个线程每秒钟请求数，值越大性能越高</span></p></li><li><p><code>Requests/sec</code><span> 所有线程总共平均每秒钟请求数</span></p></li></ul><h4 id='示例-2'><span>示例 2</span></h4><blockquote><p><span>每个线程要先进行认证，认证之后获取 token 以进行压测。在没有token的情况下，先访问 /authenticate 认证。认证成功后，读取 token 并替换 path 为 /resource。</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="lua" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="lua"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">token</span> = <span class="cm-keyword">nil</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">path</span> = <span class="cm-string">"/authenticate"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">request</span> = <span class="cm-keyword">function</span>()</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-variable">wrk.format</span>(<span class="cm-string">"GET"</span>, <span class="cm-variable">path</span>)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">end</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">response</span> = <span class="cm-keyword">function</span>(<span class="cm-variable">status</span>, <span class="cm-variable">headers</span>, <span class="cm-variable">body</span>)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">if</span> <span class="cm-keyword">not</span> <span class="cm-variable">token</span> <span class="cm-keyword">and</span> <span class="cm-variable">status</span> == <span class="cm-number">200</span> <span class="cm-keyword">then</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">token</span> = <span class="cm-variable">headers</span>[<span class="cm-string">"X-Token"</span>]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">path</span> = <span class="cm-string">"/resource"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">wrk.headers</span>[<span class="cm-string">"X-Token"</span>] = <span class="cm-variable">token</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">end</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">end</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 308px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 308px;"></div></div></div></pre><h4 id='示例-3'><span>示例 3</span></h4><blockquote><p><span>启动 4 个线程，创建 100 个连接，持续 10s，每个请求发送不同的数据</span></p></blockquote><p><span>脚本内容如下所示</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="lua" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="lua"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">wrk.method</span> = <span class="cm-string">"POST"</span> </span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">wrk.body</span> = <span class="cm-string">""</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- 可以根据实际接口请求路径修改</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">wrk.path</span> = <span class="cm-string">"/"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">wrk.headers</span>[<span class="cm-string">"Content-Type"</span>] = <span class="cm-string">"text/plain"</span> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- 每次修改充值积分值，保证每次交易都能成功提交，否则，可能因为交易仍在内存池中，</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- 判定为同一笔交易导致提交失败。当然，也可在脚本中每次选用不同的目标账户进行充值。</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">local</span> <span class="cm-variable">value</span> = <span class="cm-number">1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">local</span> <span class="cm-variable">a</span> = <span class="cm-string">'{\"jsonrpc\": \"1.0\", \"id\":\"curltest\", \"method\": \"creditrechargetx\", \"params\": [\"wWPAztEx3m5hArykWaH3qQZ13NtxaZXJts\", \"82908-1\", 0, 10000, 0, \"wNYc86E6JVvQfmgzQDESR81J7UuLtt9WDx\", '</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">local</span> <span class="cm-variable">b</span> = <span class="cm-string">'] }'</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">request</span> = <span class="cm-keyword">function</span>()</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">local</span> <span class="cm-variable">data</span> = <span class="cm-builtin">string.format</span>(<span class="cm-string">"%s%d%s"</span>, <span class="cm-variable">a</span>, <span class="cm-variable">value</span>, <span class="cm-variable">b</span>)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">value</span> = <span class="cm-variable">value</span> + <span class="cm-number">1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-variable">wrk.format</span>(<span class="cm-keyword">nil</span>, <span class="cm-keyword">nil</span>, <span class="cm-keyword">nil</span>, <span class="cm-variable">data</span>)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">end</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- 请求之间设置 30~40 ms 的随机延迟</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">--function delay()</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- return math.random(30, 40)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">--end</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- 可打印响应内容</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">--response = function(status, headers, body)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- print(string.format("status: %d", status))</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">-- print(body)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">--end</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 682px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 682px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>执行压测用例</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@ubuntu:~/wrk<span class="cm-comment"># wrk -t4 -c100 -d10s -s creditrecharge.lua http://192.168.1.213:6901</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Running 10s test @ http://192.168.1.213:6901</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">4</span> threads and <span class="cm-number">100</span> connections</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max <span class="cm-operator">+</span>/- Stdev</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> Latency <span class="cm-number">688</span>.24ms <span class="cm-number">363</span>.88ms <span class="cm-number">2</span>.00s <span class="cm-number">84</span>.39%</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> Req/Sec <span class="cm-number">52</span>.32 <span class="cm-number">50</span>.44 <span class="cm-number">242</span>.00 <span class="cm-number">83</span>.33%</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">1435</span> requests <span class="cm-keyword">in</span> <span class="cm-number">10</span>.09s, <span class="cm-number">667</span>.72KB read</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> Socket errors: connect <span class="cm-number">0</span>, read <span class="cm-number">0</span>, <span class="cm-builtin">write</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>, timeout <span class="cm-number">15</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Requests/sec: <span class="cm-number">142</span>.25</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Transfer/sec: <span class="cm-number">66</span>.19KB</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 220px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 220px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='检测服务器是否支持断点续传'><span>检测服务器是否支持断点续传</span></h3><p><span>利用 curl 发起请求，响应报文中包含 Content-Range，则表明服务器支持断点续传。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">✗ <span class="cm-builtin">curl</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-i</span> <span class="cm-attribute">--range</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span><span class="cm-attribute">-9</span> http://hello.com/1550d654e2b95b5a69bac14d36f25f04.png <span class="cm-attribute">-I</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">HTTP/1.1 <span class="cm-number">206</span> Partial Content</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Server: nginx/1.16.1</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Date: Mon, <span class="cm-number">30</span> Nov <span class="cm-number">2020</span> <span class="cm-number">13</span>:30:10 GMT</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Content-Type: image/png</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Content-Length: <span class="cm-number">10</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Last-Modified: Fri, <span class="cm-number">30</span> Oct <span class="cm-number">2020</span> <span class="cm-number">06</span>:47:30 GMT</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Connection: keep-alive</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Vary: Accept-Encoding</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ETag: <span class="cm-string">"5f9bb702-c95"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Content-Range: bytes <span class="cm-number">0</span><span class="cm-attribute">-9</span>/3221</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 242px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 242px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='gdb-小技巧'><span>GDB 小技巧</span></h2><h3 id='基本操作'><span>基本操作</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>基础</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 列出源码的一部分</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">list</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 单步调试，不进入函数</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">next</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 单步调试，进入函数</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">step</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 运行加载了的程序</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">run</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 继续执行程序</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">continue</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 退出调试</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">quit</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 输出特定变量的值</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">print</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 设置断点</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">break</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看所有断点信息</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">info breakpoints</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 删除所有断点</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">delete</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 删除某个断点</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">delete breakpoint [n]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 禁用某个断点</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">disable breakpoint [n]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 使能某个断点</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">enable breakpoint [n]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看本地变量</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">info locals</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看 goroutine 列表（GoLang 专用）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">info goroutines</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看所有的线程</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">info threads</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 切换到某个线程</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">thread <线程号></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看当前变量的类型</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">whatis <变量名></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 监视一个变量的值，一旦发生变化，程序将会被暂停</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">watch</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 改变运行过程中的变量值</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">set</span> variable <var><span class="cm-operator">=</span><value></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 打印所有线程堆栈</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">thread apply all bt</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 打印堆栈(backtrace)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">bt</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 可以通过 'frame' 命令中明确指定号码，或者使用 'up' 命令在堆栈中上移以及 'down' 命令在堆栈中下移来切换帧。要获取有关帧的进一步信息，如它的地址和程序语言，可以使用命令 'info frame'</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">frame</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 1210px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 1210px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>调整堆栈层级</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#0 __lll_lock_wait () at ../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/lowlevellock.S:135</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">135</span> <span class="cm-keyword">in</span> ../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/lowlevellock.S</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 进入上一层堆栈</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">(gdb) up</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#1 0x00007f23cb9d2664 in _L_lock_952 () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">(gdb) up</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#2 0x00007f23cb9d24c6 in __GI___pthread_mutex_lock (mutex=0x60adf38388 <mempool+8>) at ../nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c:114</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">114</span> ../nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c: No such file or directory.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 进入下一层堆栈</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">(gdb) down</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">#1 0x00007f23cb9d2664 in _L_lock_952 () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 308px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 308px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='调试-coredump'><span>调试 coredump</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>生成 coredump 文件</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 方式一</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">gcore <span class="cm-attribute">-o</span> xxx.core pid</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 方式二</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">gdb attach pid</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">gcore</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>调试 coredump 文件</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">gdb xxx <span class="cm-attribute">-c</span> xxx.core</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='vim-小技巧'><span>VIM 小技巧</span></h2><figure class='table-figure'><table><thead><tr><th><span>快捷键（命令）</span></th><th><span>功能</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span>:%s/foo/bar/gc</span></td><td><span>全文替换时带确认，即，对于任何一个匹配项，需要确认是否替换</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>:%s/foo/bar/g</span></td><td><span>全文替换时（不待确认）</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>:s/foo/bar/g</span></td><td><span>当前行替换（不带确认）</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>:'<,'>s/foo/bar/g</span></td><td><span>选定范围内替换（不带确认），在 Visual 模式下选择区域后输入 </span><code>:</code><span>，Vim 即可自动补全为 </span><code>:'<,'></code><span>。例如，</span><code>:2,10/foo/bar/g</code><span> 替换第 2~10 行所有匹配项</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>:.,+2s/foo/bar/g</span></td><td><span>当前行和接下来的 2 行替换（不带确认）</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>ctrl+w s</span></td><td><span>上下（垂直）分割当前打开的文件</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>ctrl+w v</span></td><td><span>左右（水平）分割当前打开的文件</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>ctrl+w c</span></td><td><span>关闭当前窗口，对应 </span><code>:close</code><span>。最后一个窗口不能使用 close 关闭，使用 close 只是暂时关闭窗口，其内容还在缓存中</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>ctrl+w q</span></td><td><span>关闭当前窗口，对应 </span><code>:quit</code><span>。与 close 不同之处在于永久关闭窗口，因此可关闭最后一个打开的窗口</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>ctrl+w ctrl+w</span></td><td><span>连续两次 </span><code>ctrl+w</code><span>，切换窗口</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>ctrl+w h/j/k/l</span></td><td><code>ctrl+w</code><span> 配合 </span><code>h/j/k/l</code><span> 或者上下左右方向键切换窗口</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>:new filename</span></td><td><span>横向切割窗口</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>:split filename</span></td><td><span>横向切割窗口，可简写 </span><code>:sp filename</code></td></tr><tr><td><span>:vsplit filename</span></td><td><span>纵向切割窗口，可简写为 </span><code>:vsp filename</code></td></tr><tr><td><span>:set list</span></td><td><span>进入 List Mode，显示 tab、空格。TAB 键显示为 ^I，$ 显示在每行的结尾，表示换行；空格仍然显示为空格</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>:set nolist</span></td><td><span>退出 List Mode</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>x, X</span></td><td><span>在一行字当中，x 为向后删除一个字符，X 为向前删除一个字符</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>nx</span></td><td><span>n 为数字，连续向后删除 n 个字符</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>dd</span></td><td><span>删除游标所在的那一整行</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>ndd</span></td><td><span>n 为数字，连续删除游标所在的向下 n 行</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>d1G</span></td><td><span>删除从第一行到游标所在行</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>dG</span></td><td><span>删除游标到最后一行</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>d0</span></td><td><span>删除第一个字符到游标处所有字符</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>d$</span></td><td><span>删除游标到行末最后一个字符</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>yy</span></td><td><span>复制游标所在那一行。</span><br /><span>同理，nyy，y1G，yG，y0，y$ 逻辑与删除一致</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>p, P</span></td><td><span>粘贴。p 为将已复制的内容粘贴到游标下一行，P 为将已复制的内容粘贴到游标上一行</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>J</span></td><td><span>将游标所在行与下一行的内容结合成同一行</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>u</span></td><td><span>复原（undo）前一个动作</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>ctrl+r</span></td><td><span>重做（redo）上一个动作</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>gg</span></td><td><span>跳转到第一行</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>G</span></td><td><span>跳转到最后一行</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>nG</span></td><td><span>n 位数字，跳转到第 n 行</span></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id='git-小技巧'><span>Git 小技巧</span></h2><h3 id='基本操作-2'><span>基本操作</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 克隆远程仓库到本地</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> clone https://github.com/dudebing99/Blog.git</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 指定分支</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> clone <span class="cm-attribute">-b</span> master https://github.com/dudebing99/Blog.git</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 只克隆最近一次提交，用于快速克隆（网络不好、仓库太大等）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> clone <span class="cm-attribute">--depth</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-1</span> https://github.com/dudebing99/Blog.git</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看配置</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> config <span class="cm-attribute">--list</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 禁用 ssl 认证</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> config <span class="cm-attribute">--global</span> http.sslVerify <span class="cm-atom">false</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看本地变更信息</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> status</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看本地当前目录变更信息</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> status .</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 添加提交信息（交互式编辑）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> commit</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 添加提交信息（非交互式）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> commit <span class="cm-attribute">-m</span> <span class="cm-string">"fix(module): free memory"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 追加新的变更到上次提交（即，commit id 不变，多次修改的内容合并到一次提交）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> commit <span class="cm-attribute">--amend</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 修改本次提交的作者信息</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> commit <span class="cm-attribute">--amend</span> <span class="cm-attribute">--author</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"kevin <dudebing99@gmail.com>"</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-C</span> HEAD</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 修改本次提交的时间信息</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> commit <span class="cm-attribute">--amend</span> <span class="cm-attribute">--date</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"2017-10-08T09:51:07"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看当前所在分支</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> branch</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看远程分支</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> branch <span class="cm-attribute">-r</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看远程仓库地址</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> remote <span class="cm-attribute">-v</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 以远程分支或 tag 创建本地分支</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> checkout <span class="cm-attribute">-b</span> <local branch> <remote branch OR tag></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 以某个分支强制覆盖本地分支并推送</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> reset <span class="cm-attribute">--hard</span> <remote_branch></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push <span class="cm-attribute">-f</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 切换 HEAD 指向的默认分支</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> remote set-head origin <target_branch></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 设置当前分支的默认远程分支，git push 即可缺省推到远程分支</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push <span class="cm-attribute">--set-upstream</span> origin <target_branch></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 1100px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 1100px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='git-stash'><span>git stash</span></h3><p><span>默认情况下，git stash 缓存文件的策略如下：</span></p><p><strong><span>会缓存下列文件</span></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>添加到暂存区的修改（</span><code>staged changes</code><span>）</span></p></li><li><p><span>Git 跟踪的但并未添加到暂存区的修改（</span><code>unstaged changes</code><span>）</span></p></li></ul><p><strong><span>不会缓存以下文件</span></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>在工作目录中新的文件（</span><code>untracked files</code><span>）</span></p></li><li><p><span>被忽略的文件（</span><code>ignored files</code><span>）</span></p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>使用 -u 或者 --include-untracked 可以 stash untracked 的文件</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span>使用 -a 或者 --all 命令可以 stash 当前目录下的所有修改</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 保存未提交的变更(建议通过 sava "fix(xxx): xxx)" 备注变更说明）</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> stash save <span class="cm-string">"fix(xxx): xxx"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 可在 git stash 之后拉取远程最新代码</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> pull</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 然后，pop 之前保存的未提交的更新，做修改、合并，最后再提交</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> stash pop</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># pop 指定栈层次， git stash pop stash@{0} 命令等同于 git stash pop</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> stash pop stash@{id}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看所有的 stash</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> stash list</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 移除某个 stash</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> stash drop stash@{id}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 移除所有的 stash</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> stash <span class="cm-builtin">clear</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 374px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 374px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='git-tag'><span>git tag</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 创建本地 tag</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> tag <tag></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 推送到远程仓库</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push origin <tag></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看本地 tag</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> tag <span class="cm-attribute">-l</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看远程 tag</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> show-ref <span class="cm-attribute">--tag</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 删除本地 tag</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> tag <span class="cm-attribute">-d</span> <tag></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 删除远程 tag</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push origin :refs/tags/<tag></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 264px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 264px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='合并分支到主干'><span>合并分支到主干</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 假设在 dev 分支开发完</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> add .</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> commit <span class="cm-attribute">-m</span> <span class="cm-string">"feat: ..."</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push <span class="cm-attribute">-u</span> origin dev</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 切换到（本地）master</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> checkout master</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 拉取最新</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> pull</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 将 dev 合并到（本地）master</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> merge dev</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 可能需要解决冲突，然后 add，commit</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 推送到远程 master</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push origin master</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 374px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 374px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='删除远程分支'><span>删除远程分支</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push origin <span class="cm-attribute">--delete</span> dev</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>推送一个空分支到远程分支，其实就相当于删除远程分支：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">$ git push origin :dev</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='查看历史提交信息'><span>查看历史提交信息</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看所有提交日志</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> log</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看某次 commit 涉及的修改内容</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> show <commit-id></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看某次 commit 涉及的修改文件</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> show <commit-id> <span class="cm-attribute">--stat</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看某个文件的所有的修改内容</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> log <span class="cm-attribute">-p</span> <filename></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看某个文件的最近 2 次的更新内容</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> log <span class="cm-attribute">-p</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-2</span> <filename></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看最近一次所有的更新内容（如下两种方法）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> log <span class="cm-attribute">-p</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> <span class="cm-builtin">diff</span> HEAD^</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> <span class="cm-builtin">diff</span> HEAD^ <span class="cm-attribute">--stat</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看某个文件的最后一次更新内容由谁提交（对应到每一行）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> blame <filename></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 484px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 484px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='仓库迁移'><span>仓库迁移</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 1. 本地有仓库 project1</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 2. 在 github 新建仓库 project2</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 3. 以镜像推送到 project2 上，可以保留 project1 的所有提交记录</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push <span class="cm-attribute">--mirror</span> <span class="cm-builtin">git</span>@github.com:dudebing99/project2.git</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 88px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='合并多次提交'><span>合并多次提交</span></h3><ol start='' ><li><p><span>将头部指针指向要合并的第一个提交的前一个提交</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> reset <span class="cm-attribute">--soft</span> <commit id></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>重新提交</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> commit <span class="cm-attribute">-m</span> <span class="cm-string">"New Commit Message"</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='设置代理'><span>设置代理</span></h3><ol start='' ><li><p><span>设置代理</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> config <span class="cm-attribute">--global</span> http.proxy http://127.0.0.1:1080</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> config <span class="cm-attribute">--global</span> https.proxy http://127.0.0.1:1080</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>取消代理</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> config <span class="cm-attribute">--global</span> <span class="cm-keyword">unset</span> http.proxy</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> config <span class="cm-attribute">--global</span> <span class="cm-keyword">unset</span> https.proxy</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='git-pullpush-记住密码'><span>git pull/push 记住密码</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>cache 是存储在内存中，可以设定有效时间但是时间过去后，将会失效；store 是存储在磁盘上，不过用户名和密码是明文存储的</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> config credential.helper store</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 删除密码</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> config <span class="cm-attribute">--unset</span> credential.helper store</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 88px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='github-同步-fork-仓库'><span>github 同步 fork 仓库</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>以同步 </span><code>master</code><span> 分支为例，其他分支同理</span></p></blockquote><ol start='' ><li><p><span>克隆已 </span><code>fork</code><span> 的项目到本地</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> clone <span class="cm-builtin">git</span>@github.com:YOUR-USERNAME/YOUR-FORKED-REPO.git</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>添加远程原始仓库</span></p></li></ol><blockquote><p><span>查看远程仓库信息 </span><code>git remote -v</code></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span>移除远程仓库 </span><code>git remote remove upstream</code></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">cd</span> into/cloned/fork-repo</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> remote add upstream <span class="cm-builtin">git</span>://github.com/ORIGINAL-DEV-USERNAME/REPO-YOU-FORKED-FROM.git</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> fetch upstream</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 66px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='3' ><li><p><span>同远程原始仓库同步</span></p></li></ol><blockquote><p><code>git pull</code><span> 与 </span><code>git pull upstream master</code><span> 的区别，前者表示拉取自己远程仓库（默认为 </span><code>master</code><span> 分支），后者表示拉取外部的上游分支</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> pull upstream master</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='4' ><li><p><span>同步之后推送到 </span><code>github</code><span> 已 </span><code>fork</code><span> 的项目</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 推送本地指定分支到远程指定分支</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push upstream <local_branch>:<remote_branch></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 88px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='github-提交-pr'><span>github 提交 PR</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>一般地，为每一个 </span><code>PR</code><span> 创建一个分支</span></p></blockquote><ol start='' ><li><p><span>将远程分支（待提交 </span><code>PR</code><span> 的目标仓库的目标分支）检出作为本地分支 </span><code><local branch></code></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> checkout <span class="cm-attribute">-b</span> <local branch> upstream/master</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>将某次（或多次）提交 </span><code>cherry-pick</code><span> 到本地分支 </span><code><local branch></code></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 一次提交</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> cherry-pick 30cd5a3</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 多次提交 (commit from, commit to]</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> cherry-pick <commit from>..<commit to></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 110px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='3' ><li><p><span>将本地分支推到自己的远程仓库</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">git</span> push origin <remote branch></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='4' ><li><p><span>在 </span><code>github</code><span> 上面基于 </span><code><remote branch></code><span> 与 </span><code>upstream/master</code><span> 提交 </span><code>PR</code></p></li></ol><h2 id='yum-小技巧'><span>YUM 小技巧</span></h2><h3 id='查询'><span>查询</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[root@localhost ~]<span class="cm-comment"># yum list installed | grep mysql</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">5</span>.1.73-8.el6_8 @base </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql-devel.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">5</span>.1.73-8.el6_8 @base </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql-libs.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">5</span>.1.73-8.el6_8 @anaconda-CentOS-201806291108.x86_64/6.10</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 88px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='删除'><span>删除</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[root@localhost ~]<span class="cm-comment"># yum -y remove mysql57-community-release.noarch</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='docker-小技巧'><span>Docker 小技巧</span></h2><h3 id='镜像'><span>镜像</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看镜像</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker images</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 删除镜像</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker rmi <image-id></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查找镜像</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker search <TERM></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 拉取镜像</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker pull centos:7.6.1810</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 删除无标签且无容器引用的镜像</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker image prune</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 删除所有无容器引用的镜像</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker image prune <span class="cm-attribute">-a</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 264px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 264px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='标签'><span>标签</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 打标签（tag 不指定默认为 latest）</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker tag <existing-image> <hub-user>/<repo-name>[:<tag>]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 修改标签</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker tag <image-id> <repo-name>:<tag></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 88px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='由-dockerfile-构建镜像'><span>由 Dockerfile 构建镜像</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">➜ docker <span class="cm-builtin">cat</span> Dockerfile</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">FROM centos</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">MAINTAINER Kevin c.r2009@163.com</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">CMD <span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"hello world"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">➜ docker docker build <span class="cm-attribute">-t</span> dudebing99/helloworld:v1 .</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Sending build context to Docker daemon <span class="cm-number">2</span>.048kB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Step <span class="cm-number">1</span>/3 : FROM centos</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">---</span>> 0f3e07c0138f</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Step <span class="cm-number">2</span>/3 : MAINTAINER Kevin c.r2009@163.com</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">---</span>> Running <span class="cm-keyword">in</span> ea81ae3c56ca</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Removing intermediate container ea81ae3c56ca</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">---</span>> c18b5478dad1</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Step <span class="cm-number">3</span>/3 : CMD <span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"hello world"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">---</span>> Running <span class="cm-keyword">in</span> e46edded6cae</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Removing intermediate container e46edded6cae</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">---</span>> 37f31a68491b</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Successfully built 37f31a68491b</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Successfully tagged dudebing99/helloworld:v1</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">➜ docker docker images</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">dudebing99/helloworld v1 37f31a68491b <span class="cm-number">10</span> seconds ago 220MB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">dudebing99/u18 v1 a51369e90faf <span class="cm-number">42</span> hours ago 745MB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ubuntu <span class="cm-number">16</span>.04 56bab49eef2e <span class="cm-number">2</span> months ago 123MB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ubuntu <span class="cm-number">18</span>.04 <span class="cm-number">775349758637</span> <span class="cm-number">3</span> months ago <span class="cm-number">64</span>.2MB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">centos latest 0f3e07c0138f <span class="cm-number">4</span> months ago 220MB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ubuntu <span class="cm-number">14</span>.04 2c5e00d77a67 <span class="cm-number">8</span> months ago 188MB</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql <span class="cm-number">5</span>.7.21 5195076672a7 <span class="cm-number">22</span> months ago 371MB</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 594px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 594px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='容器'><span>容器</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>通过 </span><code>inspect</code><span> 查看容器挂载目录、启动命令等</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看正在运行的容器</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker <span class="cm-builtin">ps</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看所有容器（包括已停止的）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker <span class="cm-builtin">ps</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-a</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 删除容器</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker <span class="cm-builtin">rm</span> <container-id></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 查看容器详细信息</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker inspect <container-id></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 176px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 176px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='由容器构建镜像'><span>由容器构建镜像</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">➜ ~ docker commit 512411c00fb4 dudebing99/u18:v1</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">sha256:a51369e90faf0ff8be95942e6999613ba8e3081f9ad66e7e1ae092a75b46aa29</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='将镜像推送到-dockerhub'><span>将镜像推送到 DockerHub</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker push <hub-user>/<repo-name>:<tag></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='端口映射'><span>端口映射</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>查看端口映射</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker port <container-id></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>外部访问容器</span></p></li></ul><p><code>-P</code><span> 随机映射一个端口到内部容器开放的端口</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker run <span class="cm-attribute">-it</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-d</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-P</span> centos</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><code>-p</code><span> 使用 </span><code>IP:HostPort:ContainerPort</code><span> 格式指定映射使用一个特定的地址</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker run <span class="cm-attribute">-it</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-d</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-p</span> <span class="cm-number">127</span>.0.0.1:2000:2000 centos</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker run <span class="cm-attribute">-it</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-d</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-p</span> <span class="cm-number">3000</span>:4000 centos</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='挂载目录'><span>挂载目录</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>格式：</span><code>-v <host-dir>:<container-dir></code></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker run <span class="cm-attribute">-it</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-v</span> /test:/soft centos /bin/bash</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><blockquote><p><span>容器目录必须使用绝对路径，目录不存在则自动创建</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span>宿主机目录建议使用绝对路径，相对路径并非相对当前目录而言，而是相对 </span><code>/var/lib/docker/volumes/</code></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">➜ Blog <span class="cm-builtin">git</span>:(master) ✗ docker run <span class="cm-attribute">-it</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-v</span> relative_dir:/opt centos <span class="cm-builtin">bash</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">➜ Blog <span class="cm-builtin">git</span>:(master) ✗ docker inspect 1c|grep <span class="cm-attribute">-i</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-A</span> <span class="cm-number">10</span> mounts</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"Mounts"</span>: [</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"Type"</span>: <span class="cm-string">"volume"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"Name"</span>: <span class="cm-string">"relative_dir"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"Source"</span>: <span class="cm-string">"/var/lib/docker/volumes/relative_dir/_data"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"Destination"</span>: <span class="cm-string">"/opt"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"Driver"</span>: <span class="cm-string">"local"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"Mode"</span>: <span class="cm-string">"z"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"RW"</span>: <span class="cm-atom">true</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"Propagation"</span>: <span class="cm-string">""</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 286px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 286px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='解决无法运行-systemctl'><span>解决无法运行 systemctl</span></h3><p><span>构建容器，使用如下指令即可</span></p><ul><li><p><code>--privileged</code><span> 参数必须加</span></p></li><li><p><span>使用 </span><code>/usr/sbin/init</code><span> 作为容器的启动命令</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">docker run <span class="cm-attribute">--privileged</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-it</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-d</span> centos:7.6.1810 /usr/sbin/init</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='机器时间硬件时钟'><span>机器时间、硬件时钟</span></h2><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">yum install rdate <span class="cm-attribute">-y</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 设置时区</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 同步机器时间、硬件时钟</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rdate <span class="cm-attribute">-t</span> <span class="cm-number">30</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-s</span> time.nist.gov && hwclock <span class="cm-attribute">-w</span> </span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 110px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='网络测速'><span>网络测速</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><p><span>安装 speedtest</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">pip install speedtest-cli</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>测速</span></p></li></ol><blockquote><p><span>使用 speedtest 或者 speedtest-cli 命令测试，更精确测速，可以选择指定服务器</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@iZwz978rorvlg75nct99l1Z:~<span class="cm-comment"># speedtest-cli</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Testing from Aliyun Computing Co. (120.79.48.91)...</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Retrieving speedtest.net server list...</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Selecting best server based on <span class="cm-builtin">ping</span>...</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Hosted by China Telecom Xiangyang Branch (XiangYang) [340.23 km]: <span class="cm-number">24</span>.964 ms</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Testing download speed................................................................................</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Download: <span class="cm-number">494</span>.36 Mbit/s</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Testing upload speed................................................................................................</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Upload: <span class="cm-number">201</span>.21 Mbit/s</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 242px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 242px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='ssh-机器互信免密登陆'><span>SSH 机器互信（免密登陆）</span></h2><p><strong><span>目标：</span></strong><span>client 被 server 信任，即，client 可以通过免密 ssh 登陆 server。</span></p><ol start='' ><li><p><span>client 产生公钥</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ssh-keygen <span class="cm-attribute">-t</span> rsa</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 后续回车即可</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>将步骤 1 中产生的 id_rsa.pub 拷贝并追加到 server 已授权 key 文件中</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">cat</span> id_rsa.pub >> root/.ssh/authorized_keys</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='3' ><li><p><span>重启 server 端 ssh 服务</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># Ubuntu，service ssh restart 即可</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">service</span> sshd <span class="cm-builtin">restart</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='pssh-批量操作'><span>PSSH 批量操作</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><p><span>目标机器均已经对操作机器做互信</span></p></li><li><p><span>通过 PSSH 批量操作，如下所示</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@iZwz9b1eyn1aqqy0s3qbadZ:~/pssh-tool<span class="cm-comment"># cat hosts </span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">120</span>.76.61.90:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.204.62:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">116</span>.62.234.240:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.178.161:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.98.49.93:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.194.5:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.52.193.118:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.105.140.237:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.105.65.96:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@iZwz9b1eyn1aqqy0s3qbadZ:~/pssh-tool<span class="cm-comment"># pssh -h hosts -l root -P date</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">120</span>.76.61.90: Thu Dec <span class="cm-number">13</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 CST <span class="cm-number">2018</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[1] <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 [SUCCESS] <span class="cm-number">120</span>.76.61.90:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.52.193.118: Thu Dec <span class="cm-number">13</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 CST <span class="cm-number">2018</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[2] <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 [SUCCESS] <span class="cm-number">47</span>.52.193.118:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.204.62: Thu Dec <span class="cm-number">13</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 CST <span class="cm-number">2018</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[3] <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 [SUCCESS] <span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.204.62:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.98.49.93: Thu Dec <span class="cm-number">13</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 CST <span class="cm-number">2018</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[4] <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 [SUCCESS] <span class="cm-number">47</span>.98.49.93:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.178.161: Thu Dec <span class="cm-number">13</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 CST <span class="cm-number">2018</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[5] <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 [SUCCESS] <span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.178.161:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">116</span>.62.234.240: Thu Dec <span class="cm-number">13</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 CST <span class="cm-number">2018</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[6] <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 [SUCCESS] <span class="cm-number">116</span>.62.234.240:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.194.5: Thu Dec <span class="cm-number">13</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 CST <span class="cm-number">2018</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[7] <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 [SUCCESS] <span class="cm-number">47</span>.99.194.5:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.105.65.96: Thu Dec <span class="cm-number">13</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 CST <span class="cm-number">2018</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[8] <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:43 [SUCCESS] <span class="cm-number">47</span>.105.65.96:22</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">47</span>.105.140.237: Thu Dec <span class="cm-number">13</span> <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:44 CST <span class="cm-number">2018</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[9] <span class="cm-number">17</span>:16:44 [SUCCESS] <span class="cm-number">47</span>.105.140.237:22</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 638px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 638px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='ssh-禁用超时'><span>SSH 禁用超时</span></h2><p><strong><span>目标：</span></strong><span>SSH 空闲之后，默认断掉，每次需要重连太过麻烦，可以修改 SSH 服务端设置禁用超时；也可以客户端定时发送心跳包保活。</span></p><ul><li><p><span>SSH 服务器</span></p></li></ul><ol start='' ><li><p><span>在 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 添加/修改如下配置项</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">TCPKeepAlive <span class="cm-builtin">yes</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ClientAliveInterval <span class="cm-number">30</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ClientAliveCountMax <span class="cm-number">999999</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 66px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>重启 server 端 ssh 服务</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># Ubuntu，service ssh restart 即可</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">service</span> sshd <span class="cm-builtin">restart</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>SSH 客户端</span></p><p><span>在 /etc/ssh/ssh_config 添加/修改如下配置项 </span><code>ServerAliveInterval 30</code></p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>在客户端配置后，就会有反空闲设置，即每 30s 会自动和服务端做一次确认。如果在 Windows 下使用 SecureCRT，如下操作即可</span></p></blockquote><p><img src="pic/securecrt/keepalive.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><blockquote><p><span>如果在 Windows 下使用 Putty，putty -> Connection -> Seconds between keepalives ( 0 to turn off )，默认为 0，改为30</span></p></blockquote><h2 id='跳板机-jumpserver-上传下载文件'><span>跳板机 Jumpserver 上传/下载文件</span></h2><blockquote><p><strong><span>需求：</span></strong><span>linux 服务器大多是通过 ssh 客户端来进行远程的登陆和管理，使用跳板机 Jumpserver，传输文件是个基础需求，可以借助 rz/sz 实现</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong><span>限制：</span></strong><span>rz/sz 只支持对文件（不支持文件夹）操作</span></p></blockquote><h3 id='上传文件-rz'><span>上传文件 rz</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rz <span class="cm-attribute">-bye</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='下载文件-sz'><span>下载文件 sz</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[xbuser@push4 push_server]<span class="cm-def">$ sz</span> ce.sh</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rz</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl<span class="cm-operator">+</span>C to cancel.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-number">100</span>% <span class="cm-number">1</span> KB <span class="cm-number">0</span> KB/s <span class="cm-number">00</span>:00:25 <span class="cm-number">0</span> Errors</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 88px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='mysql-小技巧'><span>MySQL 小技巧</span></h2><h3 id='mysql-命令行模式显示查询记录'><span>MySQL 命令行模式显示查询记录</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql<span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-keyword">select</span> <span class="cm-operator">*</span> <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> tbl <span class="cm-keyword">limit</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span><span class="cm-variable-2">\G</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql<span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-keyword">select</span> <span class="cm-operator">*</span> <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> tbl <span class="cm-keyword">limit</span> <span class="cm-number">10</span><span class="cm-variable-2">\G</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='mysql-清理控制台'><span>MySQL 清理控制台</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">system</span> <span class="cm-builtin">clear</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='mysql-查看库表结构'><span>MySQL 查看库、表结构</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql<span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-keyword">show</span> <span class="cm-keyword">create</span> <span class="cm-keyword">database</span> db<span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql<span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-keyword">show</span> <span class="cm-keyword">create</span> <span class="cm-keyword">table</span> tbl<span class="cm-variable-2">\G</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='mysql-随机排序'><span>MySQL 随机排序</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">select</span> <span class="cm-operator">*</span> <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> tbl <span class="cm-keyword">order</span> <span class="cm-keyword">by</span> rand<span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-keyword">limit</span> <span class="cm-number">3</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='快捷选择-mysql-实例'><span>快捷选择 MySQL 实例</span></h3><ol start='' ><li><p><span>创建脚本 xdb.sh</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-meta">#!/bin/bash</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">db</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">""</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">case <span class="cm-def">$1</span> <span class="cm-keyword">in</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-string">"log"</span>)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-def">db</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"mysql -uroot -p123456 -h log.lsb.com -Dlog"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> ;;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-string">"reclog"</span>)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-def">db</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.10.10.10 -Dservice"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> ;;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-string">"push"</span>)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-def">db</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.10.10.10 -Dpush"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> ;;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">*)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"no param set"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">esac</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-string">"Attention: connect to database: </span><span class="cm-def">$1</span><span class="cm-string">"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$db</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 418px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 418px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>chmod +x xdb.sh</span></p></li><li><p><span>使用 </span><code>./xdb.sh log</code><span> 即可快捷登陆 log.lsb.com 的数据库 log</span></p></li></ol><h3 id='条件插入'><span>条件插入</span></h3><p><strong><span>场景：</span></strong><span>先根据条件判断某条记录是否存在，不存在则插入；存在即跳过。</span></p><p><strong><span>语法：</span></strong><span>insert into table(column1, column2, ..., columnN) select value1, value2, value3, ..., valueN from dual where not exists (condition clause)</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">insert</span> <span class="cm-keyword">into</span> tbl<span class="cm-bracket">(</span>guid<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> origin_url<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> new_url<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> beg_ts<span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">select</span> <span class="cm-string">'1111'</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-string">''</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-string">''</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> sysdate<span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> <span class="cm-keyword">dual</span> <span class="cm-keyword">where</span> <span class="cm-keyword">not</span> <span class="cm-keyword">exists</span> <span class="cm-bracket">(</span><span class="cm-keyword">select</span> guid <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> tbl <span class="cm-keyword">where</span> guid<span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">'1111'</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='timestamp-字段查询'><span>timestamp 字段查询</span></h3><p><strong><span>场景一：</span></strong><span>查询某个时间范围的数据</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">`id`</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">`create_time`</span> <span class="cm-keyword">FROM</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">`tbl`</span> <span class="cm-keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="cm-bracket">(</span>create_time <span class="cm-operator">>=</span> <span class="cm-string">'2011-05-27 11:27:00'</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="cm-keyword">BY</span> id <span class="cm-keyword">DESC</span> <span class="cm-keyword">LIMIT</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-number">20</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><strong><span>场景二：</span></strong><span>查询某一天数据</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">select</span> guid<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> content_id<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> title<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> long_text<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> new_url<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> ttl<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> icon<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> picture<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> push_enum <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> tbl <span class="cm-keyword">where</span> date_format<span class="cm-bracket">(</span>create_time<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span><span class="cm-string">'%Y-%m-%d'</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">'2011-05-27'</span> <span class="cm-keyword">order</span> <span class="cm-keyword">by</span> create_time <span class="cm-keyword">asc</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='时间相关函数'><span>时间相关函数</span></h3><h4 id='查询-utc-时间戳utc-日期utc-时间now'><span>查询 utc 时间戳、utc 日期、utc 时间、now()</span></h4><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql<span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-keyword">select</span> <span class="cm-keyword">utc_timestamp</span><span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-keyword">utc_date</span><span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-keyword">utc_time</span><span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-keyword">utc_timestamp</span><span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-keyword">utc_date</span><span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-keyword">utc_time</span><span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">26</span> <span class="cm-number">08</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">27</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">00</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">26</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">08</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">27</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">00</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">26</span> <span class="cm-number">16</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">27</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">00</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><h4 id='now-与-sysdate-异同'><span>now() 与 sysdate() 异同</span></h4><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql<span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-keyword">select</span> now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> sleep<span class="cm-bracket">(</span><span class="cm-number">3</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+----------+---------------------+</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">|</span> now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> sleep<span class="cm-bracket">(</span><span class="cm-number">3</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+----------+---------------------+</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">26</span> <span class="cm-number">16</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">25</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">29</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">26</span> <span class="cm-number">16</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">25</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">29</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+----------+---------------------+</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql<span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-keyword">select</span> sysdate<span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> sleep<span class="cm-bracket">(</span><span class="cm-number">3</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> sysdate<span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+----------+---------------------+</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">|</span> sysdate<span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> sleep<span class="cm-bracket">(</span><span class="cm-number">3</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> sysdate<span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+----------+---------------------+</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">26</span> <span class="cm-number">16</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">24</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">56</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">26</span> <span class="cm-number">16</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">24</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">59</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+----------+---------------------+</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><h4 id='dateadd-函数'><span>date_add 函数</span></h4><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql<span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-keyword">select</span> date_add<span class="cm-bracket">(</span>now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-keyword">interval</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">1</span> day<span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">as</span> t1<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> date_add<span class="cm-bracket">(</span>now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-keyword">interval</span> <span class="cm-number">8</span> hour<span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">as</span> t2<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">|</span> t1 <span class="cm-operator">|</span> t2 <span class="cm-operator">|</span> now<span class="cm-bracket">()</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">25</span> <span class="cm-number">16</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">39</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">34</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">27</span> <span class="cm-number">00</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">39</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">34</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span> <span class="cm-number">2018</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">05</span><span class="cm-operator">-</span><span class="cm-number">26</span> <span class="cm-number">16</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">39</span><span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-number">34</span> <span class="cm-operator">|</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-operator">+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='insert-into-select-语句'><span>INSERT INTO SELECT 语句</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="cm-keyword">INTO</span> tbl2 <span class="cm-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="cm-operator">*</span> <span class="cm-keyword">FROM</span> tbl<span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="cm-keyword">INTO</span> table2 <span class="cm-bracket">(</span>column_name<span class="cm-bracket">(</span>s<span class="cm-bracket">))</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">SELECT</span> column_name<span class="cm-bracket">(</span>s<span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">FROM</span> table1<span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='查看表创建时间'><span>查看表创建时间</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">show</span> <span class="cm-keyword">table</span> <span class="cm-keyword">status</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">select</span> CREATE_TIME <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="cm-variable-2">.TABLES</span> <span class="cm-keyword">where</span> <span class="cm-keyword">TABLE_NAME</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">'tbl'</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='三目表达式'><span>三目表达式</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">select</span> name<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span><span class="cm-keyword">if</span><span class="cm-bracket">(</span>sex<span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">0</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span><span class="cm-string">'女'</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span><span class="cm-string">'男'</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">as</span> sex <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> student<span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='between--and-'><span>between ... and ...</span></h3><p><span>SQL 中使用 </span><code>between ... and ...</code><span>，查询条件是闭区间，且上下限调换不等价，如下所示</span></p><p><code>between a and b => x ∈ [a, b] => x ≥ a && x ≤ b</code></p><p><code>where id between a and b => where id >= a and id <= b</code></p><ul><li><p><span>查询 id ≥ 1 且 id ≤ 3 的记录</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">select</span> <span class="cm-operator">*</span> <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> tbl <span class="cm-keyword">where</span> id <span class="cm-keyword">between</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span> <span class="cm-keyword">and</span> <span class="cm-number">3</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>查询 id ≥ 3 且 id ≤ 1 的记录</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">select</span> <span class="cm-operator">*</span> <span class="cm-keyword">from</span> tbl <span class="cm-keyword">where</span> id <span class="cm-keyword">between</span> <span class="cm-number">3</span> <span class="cm-keyword">and</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>所以，在处理起始终止范围查询业务逻辑时，SQL 中使用 </span><code>between ... and ...</code><span> 一定需要处理好上下限。即，前端、后端都应该确保上下限 </span><code>a ≤ b</code><span>。</span></p><h3 id='ifnull'><span>IFNULL</span></h3><p><span>IFNULL() 函数用于判断第一个表达式是否为 NULL，如果为 NULL 则返回第二个参数的值，如果不为 NULL 则返回第一个参数的值。</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">select</span> IFNULL<span class="cm-bracket">(</span>name<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-string">"Hello"</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">select</span> IFNULL<span class="cm-bracket">(</span>score<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='条件更新'><span>条件更新</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="cm-keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">`test`</span> <span class="cm-bracket">(</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable-2">`id`</span> <span class="cm-type">int</span><span class="cm-bracket">(</span><span class="cm-number">11</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-type">unsigned</span> <span class="cm-keyword">NOT</span> <span class="cm-atom">NULL</span> <span class="cm-keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span> <span class="cm-keyword">COMMENT</span> <span class="cm-string">'自增 ID'</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable-2">`updatetime`</span> <span class="cm-type">datetime</span> <span class="cm-keyword">DEFAULT</span> <span class="cm-keyword">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="cm-keyword">COMMENT</span> <span class="cm-string">'创建时间'</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="cm-keyword">KEY</span> <span class="cm-bracket">(</span><span class="cm-variable-2">`id`</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">KEY</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">`idx_id`</span> <span class="cm-bracket">(</span><span class="cm-variable-2">`id`</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">ENGINE</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-keyword">InnoDB</span> <span class="cm-keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">1</span> <span class="cm-keyword">DEFAULT</span> <span class="cm-builtin">CHARSET</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>utf8<span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="cm-keyword">INTO</span> test <span class="cm-keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="cm-bracket">(</span><span class="cm-string">'1'</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-string">'2018-12-13 21:45:38'</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">UPDATE</span> test <span class="cm-keyword">SET</span> updatetime<span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-keyword">CASE</span> <span class="cm-keyword">WHEN</span> updatetime <span class="cm-operator"><</span> <span class="cm-string">'2018-12-13 22:23:23'</span> <span class="cm-keyword">THEN</span> <span class="cm-string">'2018-12-13 22:23:23'</span> <span class="cm-keyword">ELSE</span> updatetime <span class="cm-keyword">END</span> <span class="cm-keyword">where</span> id <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 242px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 242px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='查询显示行号'><span>查询显示行号</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">SELECT</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-bracket">(</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">@rownum</span> <span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">@rownum</span> <span class="cm-operator">+</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span> <span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">AS</span> rank<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>a<span class="cm-variable-2">.id</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">FROM</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>user_tbl a<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-bracket">(</span> <span class="cm-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">@rownum</span> <span class="cm-punctuation">:</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span> <span class="cm-bracket">)</span> b </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">WHERE</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>a<span class="cm-variable-2">.id</span> <span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-number">20</span> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-keyword">LIMIT</span> <span class="cm-number">10</span><span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 198px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 198px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='删除重复记录'><span>删除重复记录</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>删除重复记录，只保留 ID 最小的那条记录</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">DELETE</span> </span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">FROM</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>test </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">WHERE</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>id <span class="cm-keyword">NOT</span> <span class="cm-keyword">IN</span> <span class="cm-bracket">(</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-keyword">SELECT</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>id </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">FROM</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-bracket">(</span> <span class="cm-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="cm-keyword">min</span><span class="cm-bracket">(</span> id <span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">AS</span> id <span class="cm-keyword">FROM</span> test <span class="cm-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="cm-keyword">BY</span> number <span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-keyword">AS</span> t<span class="cm-bracket">)</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 198px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 198px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>删除重复记录，只保留最后一条</span></p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>只保留第一条 t1.id > t2.id</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">DELETE</span> t1 <span class="cm-keyword">FROM</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>test t1</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-keyword">INNER</span> <span class="cm-keyword">JOIN</span> test t2 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">WHERE</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>t1<span class="cm-variable-2">.id</span> <span class="cm-operator"><</span> t2<span class="cm-variable-2">.id</span> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-keyword">AND</span> t1<span class="cm-variable-2">.number</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> t2<span class="cm-variable-2">.number</span> </span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='替换字段'><span>替换字段</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>UPDATE 表名 SET 字段名=replace(字段名, ‘被替换字符串’, ‘用来替换的字符串’) ;</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">UPDATE</span> t1 <span class="cm-keyword">SET</span> name<span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-keyword">replace</span><span class="cm-bracket">(</span>name<span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-string">'old'</span><span class="cm-punctuation">,</span> <span class="cm-string">'new'</span><span class="cm-bracket">)</span> <span class="cm-punctuation">;</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='数据备份与恢复'><span>数据备份与恢复</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sql"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="sql"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 备份操作</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysqldump <span class="cm-operator">-</span>uroot <span class="cm-operator">-</span>p<span class="cm-string">'123456'</span> mytest <span class="cm-operator">></span> mytest<span class="cm-variable-2">.sql</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 恢复操作（先创建数据库 mytest2）</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql <span class="cm-operator">-</span>uroot <span class="cm-operator">-</span>p<span class="cm-string">'123456'</span> <span class="cm-operator">-</span>e <span class="cm-string">"create database mytest2 CHARSET=UTF8;"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">mysql <span class="cm-operator">-</span>uroot <span class="cm-operator">-</span>p<span class="cm-string">'123456'</span> mytest2 <span class="cm-operator"><</span> mysql<span class="cm-variable-2">.sql</span> </span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 110px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='golang-小技巧'><span>Golang 小技巧</span></h2><h3 id='判断-goproxy-是否缓存了某个-go-模块的特定版本'><span>判断 goproxy 是否缓存了某个 Go 模块的特定版本</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded md-focus" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap CodeMirror-focused" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 31px; left: 162px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 格式 <GOPROXY_URL>/<module>/@v/<version>.info</span></span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">curl</span> https://proxy.golang.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/@v/v1.8.1.info</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>如果缓存中存在该模块版本，会返回模块的元信息（JSON 格式）</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="json"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="json"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">{</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string cm-property">"Version"</span>: <span class="cm-string">"v1.8.1"</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string cm-property">"Time"</span>: <span class="cm-string">"2022-04-29T16:02:13Z"</span></span></pre><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 88px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>如果缓存中不存在该模块版本，会返回 HTTP 404 错误</span></p><h3 id='查看每个依赖项的完整-http-请求路径'><span>查看每个依赖项的完整 HTTP 请求路径</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre>x</pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">GODEBUG</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-def">http2debug</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">2</span> go <span class="cm-builtin">get</span> github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.8.1</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 指定代理</span></span></pre></div><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">GODEBUG</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-def">http2debug</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">2</span> <span class="cm-def">GOPROXY</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>https://proxy.golang.org go <span class="cm-builtin">get</span> github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.8.1</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 88px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><strong><span>参数说明</span></strong><span>：</span></p><p><span>GODEBUG=http2debug=2：启用 HTTP/2 的调试日志，会显示完整的 HTTP 请求和响应路径。</span></p><p><span>GOPROXY：指定 goproxy URL，可以是官方的或自定义的代理服务。</span></p><p><strong><span>输出结果</span></strong><span>：</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">http2: Transport creating client conn to proxy.golang.org</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">http2: Transport creating HTTP/2 stream</span></pre><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">http2: sending request: POST /github.com/gin-gonic/gin/@v/v1.8.1.info</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 66px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='redis-小技巧'><span>Redis 小技巧</span></h2><h3 id='批量删除-key'><span>批量删除 key</span></h3><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[root@iZwz929qlep1i7nh1ogn0iZ ~]<span class="cm-comment"># redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a 'password' -n 11 KEYS "GAME_SURPLUS_LOCK_NUMBER*" |xargs redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a 'password' -n 11 DEL</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='nginx-基础配置'><span>NGINX 基础配置</span></h2><h3 id='配置静态资源'><span>配置静态资源</span></h3><h4 id='使用-alias-重定义路径'><span>使用 alias 重定义路径</span></h4><p><span>静态资源如下所示</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[kevin@iZwz9cynwitmm46uagetmvZ opt]<span class="cm-def">$ tree</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-L</span> <span class="cm-number">3</span> static*</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">static1</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">└── json</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> └── dummy.json</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">static2</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">└── index.html</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">1</span> directory, <span class="cm-number">2</span> files</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 176px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 176px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>Nginx 配置如下</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">server {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>listen <span class="cm-number">443</span> ssl http2 default_server;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>server_name bigsillybear.com;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/api.bigsillybear.com/fullchain.pem; <span class="cm-comment"># managed by Certbot</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/api.bigsillybear.com/privkey.pem; <span class="cm-comment"># managed by Certbot</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_session_timeout 10m;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" class="cm-tab-wrap-hack" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-comment"># Load configuration files for the default server block.</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" class="cm-tab-wrap-hack" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-comment"># 使用正则表达式</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>location ~ ^/hello1/(\w<span class="cm-operator">+</span>).(\w<span class="cm-operator">+</span>)<span class="cm-def">$ </span>{</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span> alias /opt/static1/<span class="cm-def">$2</span>/<span class="cm-def">$1</span>.<span class="cm-def">$2</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" class="cm-tab-wrap-hack" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-comment"># 不使用正则表达式</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>location /hello2/ {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span> alias /opt/static2/;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span> index index.html index.htm;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 550px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 550px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>测试结果</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[kevin@iZwz9cynwitmm46uagetmvZ opt]<span class="cm-def">$ curl</span> https://bigsillybear.com/hello1/dummy.json</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">{</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"id"</span>: <span class="cm-number">99</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-string">"msg"</span>: <span class="cm-string">"hello world"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[kevin@iZwz9cynwitmm46uagetmvZ opt]<span class="cm-def">$ curl</span> https://bigsillybear.com/hello2/</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><html></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <body></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <h1>Hello World</h1></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <p>Hello World</p></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </body></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"></html></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 264px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 264px;"></div></div></div></pre><h4 id='使用-root-指定前缀'><span>使用 root 指定前缀</span></h4><p><span>静态资源如下所示</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[kevin@iZwz9cynwitmm46uagetmvZ opt]<span class="cm-def">$ tree</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-L</span> <span class="cm-number">3</span> static3/</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">static3/</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">└── index.html</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">0</span> directories, <span class="cm-number">1</span> file</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 110px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>Nginx 配置如下</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">server {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>listen <span class="cm-number">443</span> ssl http2 default_server;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>server_name bigsillybear.com;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/api.bigsillybear.com/fullchain.pem; <span class="cm-comment"># managed by Certbot</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/api.bigsillybear.com/privkey.pem; <span class="cm-comment"># managed by Certbot</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_session_timeout 10m;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" class="cm-tab-wrap-hack" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-comment"># Load configuration files for the default server block.</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" class="cm-tab-wrap-hack" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>location /static3/ {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>root /opt;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>index index.html index.htm;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 418px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 418px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>测试结果</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[kevin@iZwz9cynwitmm46uagetmvZ opt]<span class="cm-def">$ curl</span> https://bigsillybear.com/static3/</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><html></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <body></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <h1>Hello World</h1></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <p>Hello World</p></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </body></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"></html></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 154px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 154px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='location-匹配规则'><span>Location 匹配规则</span></h3><h4 id='语法规则'><span>语法规则</span></h4><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location [ <span class="cm-operator">=</span> | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri { ... }</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location @name { ... }</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><code>location</code><span> 为关键字，后面跟着可选的修饰符，后面是要匹配的字符，花括号中是要执行的操作</span></p><ul><li><p><code>=</code><span> 表示精确匹配。只有请求的 </span><code>uri</code><span> 路径与后面的字符串完全相等时，才会命中</span></p></li><li><p><code>~</code><span> 表示该规则是使用正则定义的，区分大小写</span></p></li><li><p><code>~*</code><span> 表示该规则是使用正则定义的，不区分大小写</span></p></li><li><p><code>^~</code><span> 表示如果该符号后面的字符是最佳匹配，采用该规则，不再进行后续的查找</span></p></li></ul><h4 id='匹配过程'><span>匹配过程</span></h4><blockquote><p><span>匹配开始前，对请求的 </span><code>url</code><span> 序列化。例如，对 </span><code>%xx</code><span> 等字符进行解码，去除 </span><code>url</code><span> 中多个相连的 </span><code>/</code><span>，解析 </span><code>url</code><span> 中</span><code>.</code><span>，</span><code>..</code><span> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><code>location</code><span> 有两种表示形式，一种是使用前缀字符，一种是使用正则。如果是正则的话，前面有 </span><code>~</code><span>或 </span><code>~*</code><span> 修饰符</span></p></blockquote><p><span>具体的匹配过程如下：</span></p><ol start='' ><li><p><span>首先先检查使用前缀字符定义的 </span><code>location</code><span>，选择最长匹配的项并记录下来</span></p></li><li><p><span>如果找到了精确匹配的 </span><code>location</code><span>，也就是使用了 </span><code>=</code><span> 修饰符的 </span><code>location</code><span>，结束查找，使用它的配置</span></p></li><li><p><span>按顺序查找使用正则定义的 </span><code>location</code><span>，如果匹配则停止查找，使用它定义的配置</span></p></li><li><p><span>如果没有匹配的正则 </span><code>location</code><span>，则使用前面记录的最长匹配前缀字符 </span><code>location</code></p></li></ol><h4 id='示例详解'><span>示例详解</span></h4><p><span>假设有如下配置文件</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location <span class="cm-operator">=</span> / {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [ configuration A ]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location / {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [ configuration B ]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location /user/ {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [ configuration C ]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location ^~ /images/ {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [ configuration D ]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)<span class="cm-def">$ </span>{</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [ configuration E ]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 418px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 418px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>请求 </span><code>/</code><span> 精准匹配 A，不再往下查找</span></p><p><span>请求 </span><code>/index.html</code><span> 匹配 B。首先查找匹配的前缀字符，找到最长匹配是配置 B，接着又按照顺序查找匹配的正则。结果没有找到，因此使用先前标记的最长匹配，即配置 B</span></p><p><span>请求 </span><code>/user/index.html</code><span> 匹配 C。首先找到最长匹配 C，由于后面没有匹配的正则，所以使用最长匹配 C</span>
<span>请求 </span><code>/user/1.jpg</code><span> 匹配E。首先进行前缀字符的查找，找到最长匹配项 C，继续进行正则查找，找到匹配项 E。因此使用 E</span></p><p><span>请求 </span><code>/images/1.jpg</code><span>匹配 D。首先进行前缀字符的查找，找到最长匹配 D。但是，特殊的是它使用了 </span><code>^~</code><span> 修饰符，不再进行接下来的正则的匹配查找，因此使用 D。这里，如果没有前面的修饰符，其实最终的匹配是 E</span></p><p><span>请求 </span><code>/documents/about.html</code><span> 匹配 B。因为 B 表示任何以</span><code>/</code><span>开头的 URL 都匹配。在上面的配置中，只有 B 能满足，所以匹配 B</span></p><h4 id='location-name-使用'><span>location @name 使用</span></h4><blockquote><p><span>@用来定义一个命名 location。主要用于内部重定向，不能用来处理正常的请求（该块不能被外部 Client 所访问，只能被内部配置指令所访问，比如 try_files、error_page）</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span>命名 location 中不能再嵌套其它的命名 location</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location / {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> try_files <span class="cm-def">$uri</span> <span class="cm-def">$uri</span>/ @custom</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location @custom {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-comment"># do something</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>上例中，当尝试访问 uri 找不到对应的文件就重定向到我们自定义的命名 location（此处为custom）</span></p><h4 id='url-尾部的-'><span>URL 尾部的 </span><code>/</code></h4><ul><li><p><span>如果 URL 结构是 </span><code>https://domain.com/</code><span>的形式，尾部有没有 </span><code>/</code><span> 都不会造成重定向。因为浏览器在发起请求的时候，默认加上了 </span><code>/</code><span>，即使浏览器在地址栏里也不会显示 </span><code>/</code></p></li><li><p><span>如果 URL 的结构是 </span><code>https://domain.com/some-dir/</code><span>。尾部如果缺少 </span><code>/</code><span> 将导致重定向。因为根据约定，URL 尾部的 </span><code>/</code><span> 表示目录，没有 </span><code>/</code><span> 表示文件。所以访问 </span><code>/some-dir/</code><span> 时，服务器会自动去该目录下找对应的默认文件。如果访问 </span><code>/some-dir</code><span> 的话，服务器会先去找 </span><code>some-dir</code><span> 文件，找不到的话会将 </span><code>some-dir</code><span> 当成目录，重定向到 </span><code>/some-dir/</code><span>，去该目录下找默认文件</span></p></li></ul><h4 id='配置静态资源-2'><span>配置静态资源</span></h4><p><span>静态资源有两种配置模式，目录匹配或后缀匹配，任选其一或搭配使用</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location ^~ /static/ {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> root /webroot/static/;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 66px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|css|js|ico)<span class="cm-def">$ </span>{</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> root /webroot/res/;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 66px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><h4 id='实践原则'><span>实践原则</span></h4><ul><li><p><span>location 配置有两种形式，前缀字符和正则。查找匹配的时候，先查找前缀字符，选择最长匹配项，再查找正则。正则的优先级高于前缀字符</span></p></li><li><p><strong><span>使用正则定义的 </span><code>location</code><span> 在配置文件中出现的顺序很重要</span></strong><span>。正则的查找是按照在配置文件中的顺序进行的。因此正则的顺序很重要，建议越精细的放的越靠前，因为找到第一个匹配的正则后，查找就停止了，后面定义的正则就是再匹配也没有机会</span></p></li><li><p><strong><span>使用精确匹配可以提高查找的速度</span></strong><span>。如果根域名经常被访问的话建议使用 </span><code>=</code></p></li></ul><h4 id='参考资料'><span>参考资料</span></h4><ul><li><p><a href='https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/'><span>https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/</span></a></p></li><li><p><a href='https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000013267839'><span>https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000013267839</span></a></p></li><li><p><a href='https://www.cnblogs.com/dadonggg/p/7797281.html'><span>https://www.cnblogs.com/dadonggg/p/7797281.html</span></a></p></li></ul><h2 id='nginx-性能优化'><span>NGINX 性能优化</span></h2><blockquote><p><span>nginx 默认的配置 </span><code>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</code><span>，当然，一般 </span><code>nginx.conf</code><span> 会引用其他目录的配置文件，例如目录 </span><code>conf.d</code><span>，如下讨论主要基于 </span><code>nginx.conf</code><span> 全局配置。</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span>NGINX 官方配置说明：</span><a href='http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html' target='_blank' class='url'>http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html</a></p></blockquote><h3 id='高层的配置'><span>高层的配置</span></h3><blockquote><p><code>nginx.conf</code><span> 文件中，nginx 中有少数的几个高级配置在模块部分之上。</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">user www-data;</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">pid /var/run/nginx.pid;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">worker_processes auto;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">worker_rlimit_nofile <span class="cm-number">100000</span>;</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 110px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><code>user</code><span> 配置 nginx 启动用户，默认即可</span></p></li><li><p><code>pid</code><span> 配置 nginx 进程号存放文件，默认即可</span></p></li><li><p><code>worker_process</code><span> 定义 nginx 对外提供 web 服务是的工作进程数量。最优值取决于诸多因素，包括但不限于 CPU 核心数量。一般配置为机器 CPU 核心数量即可（</span><code>auto</code><span> 将尝试自动检测机器 CPU 核心数量）</span></p></li><li><p><code>worker_rlimit_nofile</code><span> 更改工作进程的最大打开文件数限制。如果没设置的话，这个值为操作系统的限制。设置后你的操作系统和 nginx 可以处理比 </span><code>ulimit -a</code><span> 更多的文件，所以把这个值设高，这样 nginx 就不会出现 </span><code>too many open files</code><span> 的问题</span></p></li></ul><h3 id='events-模块'><span>Events 模块</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>events 模块中包含 nginx 中所有处理连接的设置。</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">events {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> worker_connections <span class="cm-number">2048</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> multi_accept on;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> use epoll;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 110px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><code>worker_connections</code><span> 设置单个工作进程同时打开的连接数限制，如高层配置中 </span><code>worker_rlimit_nofile</code><span> 设置了较高的值，可以适当地提高这个值</span></p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>工作进程同时打开的连接数限制也由系统的可用 socket 连接数限制，所以设置不切实际的高没什么好处。</span></p></blockquote><ul><li><p><code>multi_accept</code><span> 设置 nginx 收到一个新连接通知后接受尽可能多的连接</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Syntax:<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>multi_accept on | off;</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" class="cm-tab-wrap-hack" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Default:<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">multi_accept off;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Context:<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>events</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> If <span class="cm-quote">`multi_accept`</span> is disabled, a worker process will accept one new connection at a time. Otherwise, a worker process will accept all new connections at a time.</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-attribute">-</span> <span class="cm-quote">`use`</span> 设置用于复用客户端线程的轮询方法。如果你使用 <span class="cm-quote">`Linux 2.6+`</span>，你应该使用 <span class="cm-quote">`epoll`</span>。如果你使用 <span class="cm-quote">`BSD`</span>，你应该使用 <span class="cm-quote">`kqueue`</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> 如果你不知道 nginx 该使用哪种轮询方法的话，不配置该选项即可，它会选择一个最适合你操作系统的。</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">## LINUX 内核调优参数</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> 通过 <span class="cm-quote">`sysctl -a`</span> 查看系统内核参数</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">### 网络</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> Setting tcp_tw_recycle to <span class="cm-number">1</span> makes a Linux host drop TIME_WAIT connections much faster. Instead of a predefined <span class="cm-number">2</span>*MSL period of 60s, the host will use a timeout based on RTT estimate. For LANs, it is usually several milliseconds. </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> Setting tcp_tw_reuse to <span class="cm-number">1</span> will <span class="cm-builtin">make</span> a host reuse the same connection quickly <span class="cm-keyword">for</span> outgoing connections. </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> Many WEB sites say that setting the following tunable will change the <span class="cm-number">2</span>*MSL (TIME_WAIT) period:</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> \# <span class="cm-builtin">echo</span> <span class="cm-number">30</span> > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> Is this correct? </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> Answer: No. The tcp(7) manpage states correctly that this tunable does something different: </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> <span class="cm-invalidchar" title="\u200b" aria-label="\u200b" cm-text="">•</span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>tcp_fin_timeout (integer; default: <span class="cm-number">60</span>) </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> <span class="cm-invalidchar" title="\u200b" aria-label="\u200b" cm-text="">•</span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>This specifies how many seconds to wait <span class="cm-keyword">for</span> a final FIN packet before the socket is forcibly closed. </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">> There is a hardwired constant, TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN (defined to 60s), which is used <span class="cm-keyword">in</span> a number of places. There is no way to change it without recompilation. </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-invalidchar" title="\u200b" aria-label="\u200b" cm-text="">•</span><span class="cm-quote">```bash</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：是否打开 SYN Cookie 功能，该功能可以防止部分 SYN 攻击</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：32768 61000</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：可用端口的范围</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">1024</span> <span class="cm-number">65535</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_timestamps </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：TCP 时间戳</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：针对 TIME-WAIT，不要开启</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：针对 TIME-WAIT，做为客户端可以启用</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_tw_buckets </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：262144</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：针对 TIME-WAIT，配置其上限。如果降低这个值，可以显著的发现 TIME-WAIT 的数量减少，但系统日志中可能出现如下记录：</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># kernel: TCP: time wait bucket table overflow</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 对应的，如果升高这个值，可以显著的发现 TIME-WAIT 的数量增加。</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 综合考虑，保持默认值。</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">262144</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_orphans </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：16384</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：orphans 的最大值</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">3276800</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：75</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：探测失败后，间隔几秒后重新探测</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">30</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_probes </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：9</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：探测失败后，最多尝试探测几次</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">3</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：7200</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：间隔多久发送1次 keepalive 探测包</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">1200</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：128</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：增大 SYN 队列的长度，容纳更多连接</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">819200</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">######################## cat /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 默认值：128</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"># 作用：已经成功建立连接的套接字将要进入队列的长度</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">net.core.somaxconn <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">65536</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 2244px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 2244px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='nginx-配置文件错误检查'><span>NGINX 配置文件错误检查</span></h2><blockquote><p><span>使用 </span><code>-t</code><span> 检测配置文件无误，然后重启服务即可 </span><code>nginx -s reload</code></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[kevin@iZwz9cynwitmm46uagetmvZ opt]<span class="cm-def">$ sudo</span> nginx <span class="cm-attribute">-t</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 66px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='nginx-实战'><span>NGINX 实战</span></h2><h3 id='同时代理前端和后台接口'><span>同时代理前端和后台接口</span></h3><ol start='' ><li><p><code>/</code><span> 拦截所有请求，首先定位到前端页面，如果前端页面不存在，则跳转至 </span><code>@routerback</code><span> 路由</span></p></li><li><p><code>@routerback</code><span> 路由反向代理至后台服务接口</span></p></li></ol><blockquote><p><span>后台服务监听 8080 端口</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">server {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> listen <span class="cm-number">80</span> default_server;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> listen [::]:80 default_server;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> server_name _;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-comment">#root /usr/share/nginx/html;</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-comment"># Load configuration files for the default server block.</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> location @routerback {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header host <span class="cm-def">$host</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header X-forwarded-for <span class="cm-def">$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header X-Real-IP <span class="cm-def">$remote_addr</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/<span class="cm-def">$request_uri</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> location /endpointWisely {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_http_version <span class="cm-number">1</span>.1;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header Upgrade <span class="cm-def">$http_upgrade</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header Connection <span class="cm-string">"Upgrade"</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header X-Real-IP <span class="cm-def">$remote_addr</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/endpointWisely;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> location / {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> root /opt/exchange_web;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> index index.htm index.html;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> try_files <span class="cm-def">$uri</span> <span class="cm-def">$uri</span>/ @routerback;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> error_page <span class="cm-number">404</span> /404.html;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> location <span class="cm-operator">=</span> /40x.html {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> error_page <span class="cm-number">500</span> <span class="cm-number">502</span> <span class="cm-number">503</span> <span class="cm-number">504</span> /50x.html;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> location <span class="cm-operator">=</span> /50x.html {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 836px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 836px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='代理-websocket'><span>代理 websocket</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>服务端使用 https，则 websocket 使用 wss</span></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">upstream websocket {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> server <span class="cm-number">127</span>.0.0.1:8001;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">server {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> listen <span class="cm-number">80</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> server_name www.test.com;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> location /wss {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_pass http://websocket;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_http_version <span class="cm-number">1</span>.1;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header Upgrade <span class="cm-def">$http_upgrade</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header Connection <span class="cm-string">"upgrade"</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">server {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> listen <span class="cm-number">443</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> server_name www.test.com;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-comment"># ssl related</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> location /wss {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_pass http://websocket;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_http_version <span class="cm-number">1</span>.1;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header Upgrade <span class="cm-def">$http_upgrade</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> proxy_set_header Connection <span class="cm-string">"upgrade"</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 572px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 572px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>客户端使用 ws 或者 wss 访问即可</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">let</span> <span class="cm-def">s1</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">WebSocket</span>(<span class="cm-string">'ws://test.com/wss'</span>)</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// 或者</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">let</span> <span class="cm-def">s2</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-keyword">new</span> <span class="cm-variable">WebSocket</span>(<span class="cm-string">'wss://test.com/wss'</span>)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 66px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='bash-共享屏幕录制屏幕'><span>Bash 共享屏幕/录制屏幕</span></h2><h3 id='共享终端'><span>共享终端</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>借助管道实现，共享者在终端进行如下操作</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ mkfifo</span> share.fifo</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ script</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-f</span> share.fifo</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>观看者在终端进行如下操作</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ cat</span> share.fifo</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h3 id='录制屏幕与回放'><span>录制屏幕与回放</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>录制</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ script</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-t</span> <span class="cm-number">2</span>> timing.log <span class="cm-attribute">-a</span> output.session</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>回放(单纯回放，不会有实际操作)</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ scriptreplay</span> timing.log output.session</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='java-反编译'><span>java 反编译</span></h2><h3 id='cfr'><span>CFR</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>下载地址：</span><a href='http://www.benf.org/other/cfr/' target='_blank' class='url'>http://www.benf.org/other/cfr/</a></p></blockquote><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">wget</span> https://www.benf.org/other/cfr/cfr-0.150.jar</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">java <span class="cm-attribute">-jar</span> cfr-0.150.jar your-target.jar <span class="cm-attribute">--outputdir</span> .</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='brew-安装指定版本的库'><span>brew 安装指定版本的库</span></h2><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">brew uninstall boost</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">brew install boost@1.57</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">brew link boost@1.57 <span class="cm-attribute">--force</span> <span class="cm-attribute">--overwrite</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 66px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='c++调用-golang-动态库'><span>C++调用 golang 动态库</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><p><span>待生成动态库的 .go</span></p></li></ol><p><img src="archives/tricks/golang_dll_export.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>编译生成动态库</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">CC</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>/c/TDM-GCC-64/bin/gcc.exe && <span class="cm-def">GXX</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>/c/TDM-GCC-64/bin/g<span class="cm-operator">++</span>.exe && go build <span class="cm-attribute">-x</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-v</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-ldflags</span> <span class="cm-string">"-s -w"</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-buildmode</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>c-shared <span class="cm-attribute">-o</span> sdk.dll main.go</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>生成 sdk.dll 和头文件 sdk.h</span></p><ol start='3' ><li><p><span>C++ 调用动态库</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="c++" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="c++"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-meta">#include <iostream></span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-meta">#include <string></span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-meta">#include "sdk.h"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">using</span> <span class="cm-keyword">namespace</span> <span class="cm-def">std</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable-3">int</span> <span class="cm-def">main</span>() {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">GoString</span> <span class="cm-variable">host</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {<span class="cm-string">"127.0.0.1:50002"</span>, <span class="cm-number">15</span>};</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">GoString</span> <span class="cm-variable">filename</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {<span class="cm-string">"a.go"</span>, <span class="cm-number">4</span>};</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">GoString</span> <span class="cm-variable">retrieveHost</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {<span class="cm-string">""</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>};</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">GoString</span> <span class="cm-variable">storeHost</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {<span class="cm-string">""</span>, <span class="cm-number">0</span>};</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">UploadFile</span>(<span class="cm-variable">host</span>, <span class="cm-variable">filename</span>, <span class="cm-number">10</span>, <span class="cm-variable">retrieveHost</span>, <span class="cm-variable">storeHost</span>);</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 352px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 352px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='4' ><li><p><span>编译生成可执行程序</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">/c/TDM-GCC-64/bin/x86_64-w64-mingw32-g<span class="cm-operator">++</span>.exe a.cpp <span class="cm-attribute">-I</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>./ <span class="cm-attribute">-L</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>./ <span class="cm-attribute">-lsdk</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>生成可执行程序 a.exe</span></p><h2 id='使用-frp-实现-windows-远程桌面连接'><span>使用 frp 实现 Windows 远程桌面连接</span></h2><p><strong><span>前置条件：</span></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>需要一台具备公网 IP 的服务器</span></p></li><li><p><span>frp 服务端(frps)、客户端(frpc)下载地址：</span><a href='https://github.com/fatedier/frp/releases' target='_blank' class='url'>https://github.com/fatedier/frp/releases</a></p></li></ul><ol start='' ><li><p><span>安装 frps</span></p></li></ol><p><span>frp 服务器端搭建</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">wget</span> https://github.com/fatedier/frp/releases/download/v0.36.2/frp_0.36.2_linux_amd64.tar.gz</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">tar <span class="cm-attribute">-zxvf</span> frp_0.36.2_linux_amd64.tar.gz</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">cd</span> frp_0.36.2_linux_amd64</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 66px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 66px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>作为服务器端，你只需要关心 2 个文件：</span></p><ul><li><p><span>frps</span></p></li><li><p><span>frps.ini</span></p></li></ul><p><span>其中 frps 是服务端运行程序，frps.ini 是配置文件。frps.ini 配置如下</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@ubuntu:/opt<span class="cm-comment"># cat frp/frp_0.36.2_linux_amd64/frps.ini </span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[common]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">bind_port <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">17000</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">dashboard_port <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">17500</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">token <span class="cm-operator">=</span> laowang</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">dashboard_user <span class="cm-operator">=</span> laowang</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">dashboard_pwd <span class="cm-operator">=</span> laowang_pwd</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 154px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 154px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>这里主要是配置了绑定的端口（17000），控制面板的端口（17500），token（会在客户端用到），控制面板的 user 用户名和 pwd 密码。</span></p><p><span>运行 frps</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang=""><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang=""><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@ubuntu:/opt/frp/frp_0.36.2_linux_amd64# ./frps -c frps.ini</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">2021/05/11 07:30:25 [I] [root.go:200] frps uses config file: frps.ini</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">2021/05/11 07:30:25 [I] [service.go:192] frps tcp listen on 0.0.0.0:17000</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">2021/05/11 07:30:25 [I] [service.go:294] Dashboard listen on 0.0.0.0:17500</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">2021/05/11 07:30:25 [I] [root.go:209] frps started successfully</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 110px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>访问控制面板，如下</span></p><p><img src="pic/tricks/frps_dashboard.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>安装 frpc</span></p></li></ol><p><span>作为客户端端，你只需要关心 2 个文件：</span></p><ul><li><p><span>frpc</span></p></li><li><p><span>frpc.ini</span></p></li></ul><p><span>其中 frpc 是客户端运行程序，frpc.ini 是配置文件。frpc.ini 配置如下</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ cat</span> frpc.ini</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[common]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">server_addr <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">183</span>.61.252.7</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">server_port <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">17000</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">token <span class="cm-operator">=</span> laowang</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[rdp]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">type <span class="cm-operator">=</span> tcp</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">local_ip <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">127</span>.0.0.1</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">local_port <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">3389</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">remote_port <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">17001</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">[smb]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">type <span class="cm-operator">=</span> tcp</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">local_ip <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">127</span>.0.0.1</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">local_port <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">445</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">remote_port <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">17002</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 330px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 330px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>“server_addr” 是服务端 IP 地址，填入即可，“server_port” 为服务器端口，即 bind_port 的值，“token” 是你在服务器上设置的连接口令。</span></p><p><span>这里用到了 2 个自定义规则，一个是 rdp，一个是 smb：</span></p><ul><li><p><span>RDP，即 Remote Desktop 远程桌面，Windows 的 RDP 默认端口是 3389，协议为 TCP，本条规则可以实现远程桌面连接</span></p></li><li><p><span>SMB，即 Windows 文件共享所使用的协议，默认端口号 445，协议 TCP，本条规则可实现远程文件访问。</span></p></li></ul><p><span>其中，remote_port 对应该客户端某项服务通过服务端暴露到公网的端口。例如，上述配置中 RDP 服务，本地端口 3389，暴露在外网的端口为 17001，即，最终远程桌面连接地址为：<服务端 IP>:<17001></span></p><p><span>运行 frpc</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ </span>./frpc <span class="cm-attribute">-c</span> frpc.ini</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">15</span>:40:26 [I] [service.go:304] [2c2711f8fd2144c8] login to server success, <span class="cm-builtin">get</span> run id [2c2711f8fd2144c8], server udp port [0]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">15</span>:40:26 [I] [proxy_manager.go:144] [2c2711f8fd2144c8] proxy added: [rdp smb]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">15</span>:40:26 [I] [control.go:180] [2c2711f8fd2144c8] [smb] <span class="cm-builtin">start</span> proxy success</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">15</span>:40:26 [I] [control.go:180] [2c2711f8fd2144c8] [rdp] <span class="cm-builtin">start</span> proxy success</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>同时，服务端也可以看到对应的连接信息</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">root@ubuntu:/opt/frp/frp_0.36.2_linux_amd64<span class="cm-comment"># ./frps -c frps.ini</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">07</span>:40:57 [I] [root.go:200] frps uses config file: frps.ini</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">07</span>:40:57 [I] [service.go:192] frps tcp listen on <span class="cm-number">0</span>.0.0.0:17000</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">07</span>:40:58 [I] [service.go:294] Dashboard listen on <span class="cm-number">0</span>.0.0.0:17500</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">07</span>:40:58 [I] [root.go:209] frps started successfully</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">07</span>:40:58 [I] [service.go:449] [2c2711f8fd2144c8] client login info: ip [119.139.196.114:65158] version [0.36.2] hostname [] os [windows] arch [amd64]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">07</span>:40:58 [I] [tcp.go:63] [2c2711f8fd2144c8] [smb] tcp proxy listen port [17002]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">07</span>:40:58 [I] [control.go:446] [2c2711f8fd2144c8] new proxy [smb] success</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">07</span>:40:58 [I] [tcp.go:63] [2c2711f8fd2144c8] [rdp] tcp proxy listen port [17001]</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2021</span>/05/11 <span class="cm-number">07</span>:40:58 [I] [control.go:446] [2c2711f8fd2144c8] new proxy [rdp] success</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 242px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 242px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>同时，控制面板也可以看到对应的连接信息</span></p><p><img src="pic/tricks/frps_dashboard2.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><ol start='3' ><li><p><span>确保目标机器开启 Windows 远程桌面连接</span></p></li><li><p><span>使用者从自己电脑运行远程桌面连接客户端，即可通过 <服务端 IP>:<17001> 连接目标机器</span></p></li></ol><h2 id='刷新-dns-缓存'><span>刷新 DNS 缓存</span></h2><ul><li><p><span>macOS 刷新 DNS 缓存</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">sudo</span> <span class="cm-builtin">killall</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-HUP</span> mDNSResponder</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-builtin">sudo</span> dscacheutil <span class="cm-attribute">-flushcache</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>Windows 刷新 DNS 缓存</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">ipconfig /flushdns</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><h2 id='解决-godaddy-根域名--不支持-cname'><span>解决 godaddy 根域名 @ 不支持 cname</span></h2><p><strong><span>背景：</span></strong><span>aws lb 使用动态 ip，无法在 godaddy 中配置根域名的 @ 解析，godaddy 根域名 @ 解析只支持 ip 不支持 cname，可以借助 aws route 53 进行托管解决。</span></p><ul><li><p><span>创建托管区域</span></p></li></ul><p><span>进到 route 53 的菜单，创建托管区域</span></p><p><img src="pic/tricks/route_53_1.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p><p><span>创建的时候选择公有（因为是外部开放的域名）</span></p><p><span>创建完毕之后会有下面截图的四个 NS 值</span></p><p><img src="pic/tricks/route_53_2.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p><p><span>将其保存下来，后续填写到 godaddy</span></p><ul><li><p><span>godaddy 进行托管</span></p></li></ul><p><span>进入到 godaddy 管理控制台，然后进入 Domain 中，选择需要托管的域名。点击进入后，选择 Manage DNS 开始设置</span></p><p><img src="pic/tricks/route_53_3.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p><p><span>可以看到，上面红色标记是你域名解析记录，下面红色标记是可以更改解析服务，选择点击 change：选择使用自己的解析服务</span></p><p><img src="pic/tricks/route_53_4.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p><p><img src="pic/tricks/route_53_5.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p><p><span>这里将刚才 aws 生成的 NS 的四个记录给填上，保存，等 DNS 解析生效即可。</span></p><h2 id='centos-7-升级内核'><span>CentOS 7 升级内核</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><p><span>查看当前内核版本</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ uname</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-r</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">3</span>.10.0-514.el7.x86_64</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ uname</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-a</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Linux k8s-master <span class="cm-number">3</span>.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 <span class="cm-comment">#1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ cat</span> /etc/redhat-release </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">CentOS Linux release <span class="cm-number">7</span>.3.1611 (Core) </span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 176px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 176px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='2' ><li><p><span>安装 yum 源</span></p></li></ol><ul><li><p><span>更新yum源仓库</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ yum</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-y</span> update</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>启用 ELRepo 仓库</span></p></li></ul><p><span>ELRepo 仓库是基于社区的用于企业级 Linux 仓库，提供对 RedHat Enterprise (RHEL) 和 其他基于 RHEL的 Linux 发行版（CentOS、Scientific、Fedora 等）的支持。</span>
<span>ELRepo 聚焦于和硬件相关的软件包，包括文件系统驱动、显卡驱动、网络驱动、声卡驱动和摄像头驱动等。</span></p><p><span>导入ELRepo仓库的公共密钥</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rpm <span class="cm-attribute">--import</span> https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>安装ELRepo仓库的yum源</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">rpm <span class="cm-attribute">-Uvh</span> http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='3' ><li><p><span>查看可用的系统内核包</span></p></li></ol><p><span>可以看到 4.4 和 4.18 两个版本</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">yum <span class="cm-attribute">--disablerepo</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"*"</span> <span class="cm-attribute">--enablerepo</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"elrepo-kernel"</span> list available</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Loaded plugins: fastestmirror</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">elrepo-kernel | <span class="cm-number">2</span>.9 kB <span class="cm-number">00</span>:00:00 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">elrepo-kernel/primary_db | <span class="cm-number">1</span>.8 MB <span class="cm-number">00</span>:00:03 </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Available Packages</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-lt.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.4.155-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.4.155-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-lt-doc.noarch <span class="cm-number">4</span>.4.155-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.4.155-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.4.155-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.4.155-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.4.155-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-ml.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-ml-doc.noarch <span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">perf.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">python-perf.x86_64 <span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 902px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 902px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='4' ><li><p><span>安装最新版本内核</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ yum</span> <span class="cm-attribute">--enablerepo</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span>elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><code>--enablerepo</code><span> 选项开启 CentOS 系统上的指定仓库。默认开启的是 </span><code>elrepo</code><span>，这里用 </span><code>elrepo-kernel</code><span> 替换。</span></p><ol start='5' ><li><p><span>设置 grub2</span></p></li></ol><p><span>内核安装好后，需要设置为默认启动选项并重启后才会生效</span></p><ul><li><p><span>查看系统上的所有可用内核</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ sudo</span> <span class="cm-builtin">awk</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-F</span>\' <span class="cm-string">'$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}'</span> /etc/grub2.cfg</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">0</span> : CentOS Linux (4.18.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) <span class="cm-number">7</span> (Core)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">1</span> : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64) <span class="cm-number">7</span> (Core)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">2</span> : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64) <span class="cm-number">7</span> (Core)</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">3</span> : CentOS Linux (0-rescue-063ec330caa04d4baae54c6902c62e54) <span class="cm-number">7</span> (Core)</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 110px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 110px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>设置新的内核为grub2的默认版本</span></p></li></ul><p><span>服务器上存在4 个内核，我们要使用 4.18 这个版本，可以通过 </span><code>grub2-set-default 0</code><span> 命令或编辑 </span><code>/etc/default/grub</code><span> 文件来设置</span></p><p><span>方法1：通过 </span><code>grub2-set-default 0</code><span> 命令设置</span></p><p><span>其中 0 是上面查询出来的可用内核</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">grub2-set-default <span class="cm-number">0</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>方法二：编辑 </span><code>/etc/default/grub</code><span> 文件</span></p><p><span>设置 GRUB_DEFAULT=0，通过上面查询显示的编号为 0 的内核作为默认内核</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ vim</span> /etc/default/grub</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">GRUB_TIMEOUT</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">5</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"</span><span class="cm-quote">$(sed 's, release .*</span><span class="cm-def">$,</span><span class="cm-quote">,g' /etc/system-release)</span><span class="cm-string">"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">GRUB_DEFAULT</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-number">0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-atom">true</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"console"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=cl/root rhgb quiet"</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY</span><span class="cm-operator">=</span><span class="cm-string">"true"</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 176px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 176px;"></div></div></div></pre><ul><li><p><span>生成 grub 配置文件并重启</span></p></li></ul><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ grub2</span><span class="cm-attribute">-mkconfig</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-o</span> /boot/grub2/grub.cfg</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Generating grub configuration file ...</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.18.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64.img</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.img</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-063ec330caa04d4baae54c6902c62e54</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-063ec330caa04d4baae54c6902c62e54.img</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">done</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text="" cm-zwsp="">
</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ reboot</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 286px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 286px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='6' ><li><p><span>验证</span></p></li></ol><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ uname</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-r</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-number">4</span>.18.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 44px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 44px;"></div></div></div></pre><ol start='7' ><li><p><span>删除旧内核（可选）</span></p></li></ol><p><span>查看系统中全部的内核</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ rpm</span> <span class="cm-attribute">-qa</span> | <span class="cm-builtin">grep</span> kernel</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-ml-4.18.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-tools-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 132px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 132px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>方法一：yum remove 删除旧内核的 RPM 包</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ yum</span> remove kernel-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 \</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64 \</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-tools-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64 \</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">kernel-3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 88px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 88px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>方法二：yum-utils` 工具</span></p><p><span>如果安装的内核不多于 3 个，</span><code>yum-utils</code><span> 工具不会删除任何一个。只有在安装的内核大于 3 个时，才会自动删除旧内核。</span></p><p><span>安装 yum-utils</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-def">$ yum</span> install yum-utils</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>删除旧版本 </span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner cm-s-null-scroll CodeMirror-wrap" lang="bash"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: currentcolor;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: currentcolor;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style="text-rendering: auto;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">package-cleanup <span class="cm-attribute">--oldkernels</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 22px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 22px;"></div></div></div></pre></div></div>
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