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DON-001.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-model href="http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/schema/9.3/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/schema/9.3/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="en">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>DON-001. Clonca Inscribed Stone</title>
<editor role="editor" xml:id="NW"><persName>Nora White</persName>
<orgName>Maynooth University, Department of Early Irish</orgName></editor>
<funder>Royal Irish Academy</funder>
<funder>
<ref target="https://www.ria.ie/sites/default/files/nowlan_digitisation_grants_2021.pdf">Nowlan Digitisation Grant</ref>
</funder>
<respStmt>
<name ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-651X">Nora White</name>
<resp>data collection, editing and encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>EMILI</authority>
<idno type="filename">DON-001</idno>
<idno type="CIIC">948</idno>
<availability>
<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</licence>
</availability>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<msDesc>
<msIdentifier>
<repository>n/a</repository>
<idno><!--museum/archive inventory number--></idno>
</msIdentifier>
<msContents>
<msItem>
<textLang mainLang="mga-Latn">Middle Irish written in latin script</textLang>
</msItem>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<objectDesc>
<supportDesc>
<support>
<p>National Monuments Service Record Number: <ref target="https://maps.archaeology.ie/HistoricEnvironment/?SMRS=DG012-002003-">DG012-002003-</ref>.
An <objectType ref="objects.xml#mon5">inscribed <material ref="materials.xml#lapis">stone</material></objectType>,
(<dimensions unit="cm">
<height>0.15</height>
<width>0.32</width>
<depth/>
</dimensions>, converted from <ref source="#MAC1945">Macalister 1949, 115</ref>).
The stone has been trimmed for re-use and built into the exterior west wall of the ruined church, near the north-west corner. It also has a carved representation of what looks to be mason's tools: a <rs type="decoration">mallet and chisel</rs>, positioned above the inscription (<ref source="https://maps.archaeology.ie/HistoricEnvironment/?SMRS=DG012-002003-">Archaeology.ie</ref>; <ref source="#HAM2001">Hamlin 2001, 55</ref>).</p></support>
</supportDesc>
<layoutDesc>
<layout><!--The inscription is <rs type="execution" key="punctim" ref="https://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/writing/lod/11.html">pecked</rs>.--> In the stone's current position, the inscription is in three, damaged and incomplete <rs type="style">horizontal</rs> lines.
</layout>
</layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>
<handDesc>
<handNote>As noted by <ref source="#MAC1945">Macalister (1949, 116)</ref> the letters are quite crudely executed in half-uncial lettering. Nevertheless <q>some letter-forms are of interest. Most of the A's are in the shape of a minuscule n with a short stroke off from the top right-hand corner. One A in line two has a sqare bow. Two of the Ds are open-bowed, two have a closed bow. In all four cases the ascender bends over the bow to the left. The one U is square, while the two Ls are curved in a fashion reminiscent of those at Lanrivoar in Brittany [LRVOA/1]. The S is half-uncial, while the two Gs differ markedly. The example in line one is in the shape of a crescent moon, with the opening facing up, with a separate horizontal stroke above it. The inscription also has two different Rs; one majuscule the other half-uncial. </q> (<ref source="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/cisp/database/stone/clonc_1.html">Celtic Inscribed Stones Project</ref>).
<height/>
</handNote>
</handDesc>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<origPlace corresp="#findspot" ref="origPlace.xml#Clonca">
<placeName type="townland">Clonca (<ref target="https://www.logainm.ie/ga/775"><hi rend="italic">Cluain Catha</hi></ref>)</placeName>, <placeName type="county">Co. Donegal</placeName>,
<geo>55.267904, -7.173646</geo>.
</origPlace>
<origDate notBefore="1130" notAfter="1199" precision="low" evidence="textual-context" datingMethod="#julian">c. 12th century A.D.</origDate>
</origin>
<provenance type="found" when="1891"><p><ref source="#MAC1945">Macalister (1949, 115)</ref> credits W.J. Doherty with the first mention of this inscribed stone in 1891 at Clonca early church site (<ref target="https://monasticon.celt.dias.ie/showrecord.php?id=2639">Monasticon Hibernicum database</ref>). <q>There is much material attesting to the long ecclesiastical use of the site, from the Early Christian period to 1827</q> (<ref source="#HAM2001">Hamlin 2001, 55</ref>).
Apart from the later church ruin, which incorporates earlier fragments, there are two high crosses, a bullaun stone, a cross-slab, a standing stone and a holy well, along with two later graveslabs, one of which has an inscription in the Lombardic script and a carved hurley and ball (<ref source="https://maps.archaeology.ie/HistoricEnvironment/?SMRS=DG012-002001-">Archaeology.ie</ref>).</p>
</provenance>
<provenance type="observed">Findspot
</provenance>
</history>
</msDesc>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<p>Encoded following EpiDoc guidelines 9.3</p>
<p>Taxonomies for EMII (Early Medieval Irish Inscriptions) controlled values??</p>
</encodingDesc>
<profileDesc>
<calendarDesc>
<calendar xml:id="julian">
<p>Julian Calendar</p>
</calendar>
</calendarDesc>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">English</language>
<language ident="grc">Ancient Greek</language>
<language ident="la">Latin</language>
<language ident="mga-Latn">Middle Irish written in latin script</language>
</langUsage>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/typeins.html">
<term ana="#function.testament" ref="https://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/typeins/lod/63.html">Testament</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc status="draft">
<listChange>
<change when="2021-07-27" who="#NW">
Nora White created xml doc
</change>
<change when="2022-10-07" who="#NW">
Nora White updated ISO Irish language codes from 'ga-Latn' (Irish) to 'mga-Latn' (Middle Irish) and 'sga-Latn' (Old Irish)
</change>
</listChange>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<facsimile>
<graphic url="Clonca.jpg"><desc>©Photographic Archive, National Monuments Service, Government of Ireland</desc></graphic>
<graphic url="Clonca2.jpg"><desc>Sketch by Macalister (1949, Plate XLVI)</desc></graphic>
</facsimile>
<text>
<body>
<div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="mga" resp="#NW">
<ab>
<lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>AN <w lemma="auë" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/42573">O</w>
<persName><name nymRef="Dubdagán">DUBDAGAN</name></persName>
<w lemma="do·gní" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/17752">DORI<lb n="2" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost" cert="medium">GNI</supplied></w> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><unclear reason="damaged">O</unclear>G<space unit="character" extent="1"/> SO<space unit="character" extent="1"/>
<w lemma="do" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/17096">DO</w><space unit="character" extent="1"/>
<persName><name nymRef="Domnall" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/18133">DOMNALL</name></persName><space unit="character" extent="1"/> <w lemma="auë" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/42573">O</w> R<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><w lemma="sund" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/39303">SUNN</w>
</ab>
</div>
<div type="apparatus">
</div>
<div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
<p>...an Ó Dubdagáin has made? this... for Domnall Ó R...here</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<list type="witDetail">
<item n="1"><p>Unfortunately we are missing quite a bit of this inscription, proably due to trimming of the stone for use as a building block. It is probable that AN at the beginning is the end of a personal name (such as Flann, Éogan, Colmán, Bran), Ó Dubdagáin (O'Doogan), the family name (literally 'grandson/descendant of <hi rend="italic">Dubdagán</hi>, a compound of <hi rend="italic">dub</hi> 'black' + the name <hi rend="italic" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/14147">Dagán</hi>). However, DUBDAGAN rather than the expected gen. sg. DUBDAGAIN is found here. This family name is also recorded in a craft context at Devenish in Co. Fermanagh (<ref source="#HAM2001">Hamlin 2001, 55, 59</ref>).</p></item>
<item n="2"><p> There is a possible verb occuring in this inscription. DORI at the end of line one may, as suggested by Macalister, be a 3sg. (relative) augmented preterite form of <hi rend="italic">do·gní</hi> 'to make' (perhaps <hi rend="italic">do·rigni</hi> '(who) has made'). Not surprisingly, this verb is quite common in inscriptions where the craftsperson is named (<ref source="#CAR2015">Carpenter and Moss 2015, 512, 532-3</ref>) and the suggested form is the one most commonly found, for example, at Inishcaltra, Co. Clare (<ref source="#OKA2001">Okasha and Forsyth 2001, 52-3</ref>). </p></item>
<item n="3"><p> On the next line, what survives appears to suggest a noun ending in -og. Macalister suggested <hi rend="italic" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/9550">cloch</hi> 'stone' with G for CH, but this is unlikely. Also, the expected acc. sg. form of this ā-stem noun would be <hi rend="italic">cloich</hi>. Furthermore, if we take the following SO as the demonstrative particle, then we would also expect the article <hi rend="italic">in</hi> to come before the noun (<hi rend="italic">in ...og-so</hi> 'this ?'). Whatever was made (?) by Ó Dubdagáin was for (DO) someone with the quite common name <hi rend="italic">Domnall</hi>. The following OR suggests a family name Ó (earlier <hi rend="italic" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/42573">auë</hi> 'grandson, descendant') and a patronym beginning with R. In the final line the surviving four letters appear to represent a form of the word <hi rend="italic" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/39303">sund</hi> 'here'.</p></item>
<item n="4"><p>The carving of a mason's tools on this stone suggests a medieval, rather than early Christian date. The spelling Ó for ‘descendant’ and <hi rend="italic">sunn</hi> for <hi rend="italic">sund</hi> also suggest a rather late inscription.</p></item>
</list>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<head>Bibliography</head>
<p>
<bibl><ptr target="#CAR2015"/>Carpenter and Moss 2015,
<citedRange>Appendix 1, 512, 532-533</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="#HAM2001"/>Hamlin 2001,
<citedRange>55</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="#LAC1983"/>Lacy 1983,
<citedRange>254-256</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="#MAC1949"/>Macalister 1949,
<citedRange>115-116, no.948</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="#OKA2001"/>Okasha and Forsyth 2001,
<citedRange>52-53</citedRange>
</bibl>
</p>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>