From 87ee6061522b6b6bfa71a649655afd570ad9ebd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Simon Clark Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2024 22:06:25 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] import emmo v1.0.0-beta7 update the import of emmo to v1.0.0-beta7, which includes the w3id.org namespace throughout --- README.md | 2 +- catalog-v001.xml | 49 +- chameo-individuals.ttl | 24 +- chameo-inferred.ttl | 21620 +++++++++++++++++++ chameo.ttl | 36 +- doc/chameo-meta.yaml | 2 +- documentation/ontology.jsonld | 1314 +- documentation/ontology.nt | 2686 +-- documentation/ontology.owl | 1360 +- documentation/ontology.ttl | 948 +- documentation/provenance/provenance-en.ttl | 2 +- documentation/webvowl/data/ontology.json | 4316 ++-- 12 files changed, 27013 insertions(+), 5346 deletions(-) create mode 100644 chameo-inferred.ttl diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 8983062..325ec6b 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The CHAMEO Ontology is built with an alignment with EMMO and some of its modules | Imported Ontologies | Version | | ------------------- | ----------------- | -| EMMO | 1.0.0-beta5 | +| EMMO | 1.0.0-beta7 | | OIE Manufacturing | | | OIE Materials | | | OIE Software | | diff --git a/catalog-v001.xml b/catalog-v001.xml index 8b502fe..9cfe86c 100644 --- a/catalog-v001.xml +++ b/catalog-v001.xml @@ -2,6 +2,53 @@ - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/chameo-individuals.ttl b/chameo-individuals.ttl index 26fbf96..8bb547a 100644 --- a/chameo-individuals.ttl +++ b/chameo-individuals.ttl @@ -1,53 +1,53 @@ -@prefix : . +@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . -@prefix emmo: . +@prefix emmo: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . -@prefix chameo: . -@base . +@prefix chameo: . +@base . ################################################################# # Individuals ################################################################# -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Agent1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Agent1 chameo:Agent1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , chameo:Operator . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 chameo:CalibrationProcess1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , chameo:CalibrationProcess . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1 chameo:ChMeasProc1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , chameo:CharacterisationMeasurementProcess . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1 chameo:Determination1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , emmo:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 ; emmo:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 chameo:InferredChMethod1 . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1 chameo:InferredChMethod1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; emmo:EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a chameo:ChMeasProc1 ; chameo:hasOperator chameo:Agent1 . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1 chameo:hasChValid1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; chameo:hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation chameo:hasChValid2 . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2 chameo:hasChValid2 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp chameo:hasChValidProp rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chameo-inferred.ttl b/chameo-inferred.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e290433 --- /dev/null +++ b/chameo-inferred.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,21620 @@ +@prefix : . +@prefix owl: . +@prefix rdf: . +@prefix xml: . +@prefix xsd: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@base . + + rdf:type owl:Ontology ; + owl:versionIRI ; + ""@en , + "CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation techniques and methodologies."@en , + """Defines physical quantities in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). ISQ was made an official ISO standard in 2009 and is defined in the ISO/IEC 80000 standard. + +ISQ underlines the SI system and defines physical quanties that are measured with SI units. + +ISQ has 7 base quantities and many derived quantities defined in terms of the 7 base quantities. + +The number of derived quantities not closed and may increase based on the need by domain ontologies."""@en , + """Defines properties as the result of an observation process. Observation is a semiotic process that stimulate an interpretant within the interpreter who communicates the perception result to other interpreters through a sign, which is the property. + +Hence, properties creates a link between the holistic and the perceptual perspectives. + +Subclasses of property are subclasses that spesialise the type of observation process."""@en , + """Defines the formal language of metrology, including theoretical and practical aspects of measurements. + +This module is based on the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) as well as the ISO/IEC 80000 standard."""@en , + """Defines the holistic perspective which include process and the role of its participants. + +Processes are 4D object's that unfolds in time in a way that has a meaning to the ontologist with participants who's role is assigned by the ontologist."""@en , + """Defines the reductionistic perspective, which uses the fundamental non-transitive parthood relation, called direct parthood, to provide a powerful granularity description of multiscale real world objects. EMMO can in principle represents the Universe with direct parthood relations as a direct rooted tree up to its elementary constituents. + +In addition to direct parthood, the reductionistic module defines 'State' as a tesselation of spatial direct parts with no change of granularity or cardinality and 'Existent' as a tesselation of temporal direct parts."""@en , + "Defines the root of the physicalistic perspective that introduces the concept of real world objects that have a meaning for the ontologist under an applied physics perspective."@en , + "Describes manufacturing processes with engineered participants. The module also provides a root for engineered materials."@en , + """Introduces the fundamental mereocausal (and mereotopological) concepts of EMMO and their relations with the real world entities that they represent. EMMO uses mereocausality as the ground for all the subsequent ontology modules. +The concept of causal connection is used to define the first distinction between ontology entities namely the item and collections. Items are causally self-connected objects, while collections are causally disconnected. +Quantum mereology is based on the concept of quantum entity. This module introduces also the fundamental mereotopological relations used to distinguish between space and time dimensions, making spacetime emerge from underlying network of causal relations between quantum entities."""@en , + "Key concepts from the domain of computer science."@en , + "The materials module populates the physicalistic perspective with materials subclasses categorised according to modern applied physical sciences."@en , + "The math module defines the formal language of mathematics. Mathematical objects represents graphical objects based on graphical symbols arranged according the rules of math."@en , + "The models module defines models as semiotic signs that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure."@en , + """The module 'sidimensionalunits' defines SI dimensional unit classes. These classes provide a categorisation of all units according to their SI physical dimensions. + +This module provides a connection between physical quantities defined in the 'isq' modules and the units defined in the 'siunits' and 'unitsextension' modules."""@en , + """The perspective module provides the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. + +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en , + """The semiotics module is based on the semiotic theory by Charles S. Peirce. It introduces the triadic semiotic process, called semiosis, with its participants an 'object' that is represented by a 'sign' producing another sign, the 'interpretant' and finally the 'interpreter' who connects the 'object', 'sign' and 'interpretant'. + +The role of abstract objects are in EMMO fulfilled by semiotic objects, i.e. real world objects (e.g. symbol or sign) that stand for other real world objects that are to be interpreted by an agent. These symbols appear in actions (semiotic processes) meant to communicate meaning by establishing relationships between symbols (signs)."""@en , + """The symbolic multi-perspective combines the data and reductionistic perspectives to describe symbolic entities. + +A symbolic entity is a descrite data that pocess a reductionistic structure, who's elements can be decoded to tokens from one or more alphabets. + +The symbolic module includes symbols, symbolic constructs and formal languages."""@en ; + "CHAMEO" ; + "Work under review - not available yet" ; + "Access, DE" , + "Adham Hashibon, University College of London, UK" , + "Adham Hashibon, University College of London, UK"@en , + "Anne de Baas, Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, UK"@en , + "Francesca L. Bleken, SINTEF, NO" , + "Francesca Lønstad Bleken, SINTEF, NO"@en , + "Francesco A. Zaccarini, University of Bologna, IT" , + "Francesco Zaccarini, University of Bologna, IT"@en , + "Fraunhofer IWM, DE" , + "Georg Schmitz, Access, DE" , + "Georg Schmitz, Access, DE"@en , + "Gerhard Goldbeck, Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, UK" , + "Gerhard Goldbeck, Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, UK"@en , + "Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)" , + "Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, UK" , + "Ilaria Maria Paponetti, University of Bologna, IT" , + "Jesper Friis, SINTEF, NO" , + "Jesper Friis, SINTEF, NO"@en , + "Michael Noeske, FRAUNHOFER IFAM, DE"@en , + "SINTEF, NO" , + "Sebastiano Moruzzi, University of Bologna, IT"@en , + "Simon Clark, SINTEF, NO" , + "University of Bologna, IT" ; + "2022-03-03" ; + "Adham Hashibon" , + "Daniele Toti" , + "Emanuele Ghedini" , + "Emanuele Ghedini, University of Bologna, IT" , + "Emanuele Ghedini, University of Bologna, IT"@en , + "Francesca L. Bleken, SINTEF, NO" , + "Georg Schmitz" , + "Gerhard Goldbeck" , + "Gerhard Goldbeck, Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, UK" , + "Jesper Friis" , + "Jesper Friis (SINTEF, NO)" , + "Jesper Friis, SINTEF, NO" , + "Otello M. Roscioni, Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, UK" , + "Pierluigi Del Nostro" ; + "Characterisation Methodology Ontology"@en ; + ; + "http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo" ; + "" ; + "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ; + "2023-10-23T15:00:00Z" ; + "EMMC ASBL" , + "EMMC ASBL"@en , + """EMMC ASBL +European Materials Modelling Council +Silversquare Stéphanie +Avenue Louise 54 +1050 Brussels +CBE no: 0731 621 312 +contact@emmc.eu"""@en ; + "" ; + "CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology"@en , + "Computer science"@en , + "Distinctional"@en , + "Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology"@en , + "Holistic"@en , + "International System of Quantities (ISQ)"@en , + "Manufacturing"@en , + "Materials"@en , + "Math"@en , + "Mereocausality"@en , + "Metrology"@en , + "Models"@en , + "Persholistic"@en , + "Persistence"@en , + "Perspective"@en , + "Physicalistic"@en , + "Properties"@en , + "Reductionistic"@en , + "SI dimensional units"@en , + "Semiotics"@en , + "Symbolic"@en ; + "" ; + "" ; + "chameo"@en ; + "http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo" ; + rdfs:comment """Contacts: +Gerhard Goldbeck +Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) +email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com + +Emanuele Ghedini +University of Bologna (IT) +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it"""@en , + """Contacts: + Gerhard Goldbeck + Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) + email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com"""@en , + "Contacts: emmo@emmc.eu" , + """Note: this file has automatically been populated with dimensional units from QUDT. + +We kindly acknowledge NIST for reusing their content, including the physical dimensionality of units."""@en , + "The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege)."@en , + "The EMMO requires HermiT reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege)."@en , + "The EMMO should be reasoned with HermiT to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege)."@en ; + owl:backwardCompatibleWith "" ; + owl:priorVersion "1.0.0-beta2" ; + owl:versionInfo "1.0.0-beta3" , + "1.0.0-beta7" ; + "CHAMEO" ; + ; + "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png" ; + ; + """Emanuele Ghedini +University of Bologna (IT) +email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it"""@en , + """Gerhard Goldbeck +Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) +email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com"""@en , + "emmo@emmc.eu" , + "emmo@emmc.info"^^xsd:anyURI . + +################################################################# +# Annotation properties +################################################################# + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/alternative + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/created + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/description + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasFormat + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/source + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/doi + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso +rdfs:seeAlso rdfs:comment """EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: + - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology + - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject + - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject"""@en , + "Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource."@en . + + +### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#minQualifiedCardinality +owl:minQualifiedCardinality rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#qualifiedCardinality +owl:qualifiedCardinality rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#hiddenLabel + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/logo + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/page + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1246b120_abbe_4840_b0f8_3e4348b24a17 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "contact"@en ; + "A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource"@en ; + "The annotation should include an email address."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_157fdf31_6387_42be_8e72_10530519214a + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "figure"@en ; + "A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html"@en ; + "qudtReference"@en ; + "URL to corresponing entity in QUDT."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.wikidata.org/" ; + "wikidataReference"@en ; + "URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "conceptualisation"@en ; + "The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors."@en ; + "A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand \"what we are talking about\" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation."@en , + "An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_33ae2d07_5526_4555_a0b4_8f4c031b5652 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://ucum.org/"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "ucumCode"@en ; + "Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM)."@en ; + "The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3aa37f92_8dc5_4ee4_8438_e41e6ae20c62 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "ISO9000Reference"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.electropedia.org/" ; + "IEVReference"@en ; + "URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://wiki.dbpedia.org/" ; + "dbpediaReference"@en ; + "URL to corresponding dpbedia entry."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "etymology"@en ; + "The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning."@en ; + "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en , + "The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "definition"@en ; + "Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system."@en ; + "A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8de5d5bf_db1c_40ac_b698_095ba3b18578 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en"@en ; + "ISO80000Reference"@en ; + "Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000."@en ; + "3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length)"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_964568dd_64d2_454b_a12f_ac389f1c5e7f + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "ISO14040Reference"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "elucidation"@en ; + "Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands."@en ; + "An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "example"@en ; + "Illustrative example of how the entity is used."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "VIMTerm"@en ; + "quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO)"@en ; + "The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "OWLDLRestrictedAxiom"@en ; + "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + "comment"@en ; + "A text that add some information about the entity."@en ; + "A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.wikipedia.org/" ; + "wikipediaReference"@en ; + "URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 + rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; + rdfs:comment "DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC"@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://goldbook.iupac.org/"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "iupacReference"@en . + + +################################################################# +# Object Properties +################################################################# + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure"@en ; + "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasAccessConditions + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasAccessConditions"@en ; + "hasAccessConditions"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasCharacterisationEnvironment"@en ; + "hasCharacterisationEnvironment"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty"@en ; + "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en ; + "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasCharacterisationProperty"@en ; + "hasCharacterisationProperty"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasCharacterisationSoftware"@en ; + "hasCharacterisationSoftware"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasDataAcquisitionRate"@en ; + "hasDataAcquisitionRate"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en ; + "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasDataQuality + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasDataQuality"@en ; + "hasDataQuality"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasDataset + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasDataset"@en ; + "hasDataset"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasHardwareSpecification"@en ; + "hasHardwareSpecification"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasHazard + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasHazard"@en ; + "hasHazard"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasHolder + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasHolder"@en ; + "hasHolder"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasInteractionVolume + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasInteractionVolume"@en ; + "hasInteractionVolume"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasInteractionWithProbe"@en ; + "hasInteractionWithProbe"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasInteractionWithSample"@en ; + "hasInteractionWithSample"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasLab + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasLab"@en ; + "hasLab"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasLevelOfAutomation"@en ; + "hasLevelOfAutomation"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasMeasurementDetector"@en ; + "hasMeasurementDetector"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasMeasurementParameter"@en ; + "hasMeasurementParameter"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasMeasurementProbe"@en ; + "hasMeasurementProbe"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasMeasurementSample"@en ; + "hasMeasurementSample"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementTime + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasMeasurementTime"@en ; + "hasMeasurementTime"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasOperator + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasOperator"@en ; + "hasOperator"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasPeerReviewedArticle"@en ; + "hasPeerReviewedArticle"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasPhysicsOfInteraction"@en ; + "hasPhysicsOfInteraction"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasPostProcessingModel"@en ; + "hasPostProcessingModel"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasProcessingReproducibility"@en ; + "hasProcessingReproducibility"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation"@en ; + "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasSamplePreparationHardware"@en ; + "hasSamplePreparationHardware"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasSamplePreparationInput"@en ; + "hasSamplePreparationInput"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasSamplePreparationOutput"@en ; + "hasSamplePreparationOutput"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasSamplePreparationParameter"@en ; + "hasSamplePreparationParameter"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasSampledSample"@en ; + "hasSampledSample"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en ; + "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en . + + +### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty +owl:topObjectProperty owl:inverseOf owl:topObjectProperty ; + rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , + owl:TransitiveProperty . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + rdfs:seeAlso ; + "isNotCauseOf"@en ; + "x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y)"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0528e41d_edd2_49f9_bd2a_aeabdc215515 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + ; + "hasMaximalCollection"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0558e802_46a4_45de_af85_47aff4dc427e + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + ; + "hasFractionalMember"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_057d0573_6ac0_4c27_9e3f_3c29205fd104 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasDeducer"@en ; + "A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0aa934ee_1ad4_4345_8a7f_bc73ec67c7e5 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure."@en ; + "hasObjectiveProperty"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0b1502e2_d12f_4ff3_83b1_eeedf9382954 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + "hasOutcome"@en ; + "The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0d829933_29e3_4e61_b3d3_88e6b9d0d0ce + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasDeclared"@en ; + "A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the \"declared\" semiotic object in a declaration process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e86a108_9d4d_4582_8126_f0c527d81901 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasManufacturedOutput"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0eb37d3d_b633_4ea4_a863_8b7a27c6fdb4 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasHeterogeneousPart"@en ; + "The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0ee9e6a2_9240_4b1d_ac9a_f72416c7dc70 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasProductOutput"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1440d010_e4c5_4597_8858_1d58cb1fb28f + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasStatus"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_16b510a6_0584_4134_bdb6_3bc185c17860 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment """An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention.""" ; + "hasConventionalProperty"@en ; + "Assigns a quantity to an object by convention."@en ; + "An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_176e3f78_c867_4eca_9794_a4822660d9dc + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + "isGatheredPartOf"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + "hasPart"@en ; + "The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one."@en ; + "All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2337e25c_3c60_43fc_a8f9_b11a3f974291 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "semiotical"@en ; + "The generic EMMO semiotical relation."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_24c71baf_6db6_48b9_86c8_8c70cf36db0c + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasModel"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_297999d6_c9e4_4262_9536_bd524d1c6e21 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasIndex"@en ; + "A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasTemporalSlice"@en ; + "A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2eb10b5b_900b_44d7_af85_4de9a3729474 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + rdfs:domain , + ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasInterval"@en ; + "The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_33fd15ab_7662_4cc6_8bf6_988422efc631 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "hasMaximalPart"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3446e167_c576_49d6_846c_215bb8878a55 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasVariable"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasTemporaryParticipant"@en ; + "The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + "hasInput"@en ; + "The input of a process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "isAntecedentOf"@en ; + "isPredecessorOf"@en ; + "A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x)."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; + "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasIcon"@en ; + "A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3bd4339b_e01f_43e5_a011_74a4ef3ffa90 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasSubItem"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3c7f239f_e833_4a2b_98a1_c88831770c1b + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasComponent"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "mereological"@en ; + "The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations."@en ; + "The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM)."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; + """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_408a46b2_3930_46da_b936_e9ce72ffdde9 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + "hasSpatioTemporalPart"@en ; + "hasJunctionPart"@en ; + "The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_44d5f29a_6a9b_4f5d_9405_20ca553cd4d3 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasServiceOutput"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4832e353_6a2d_4deb_9a5b_96989afaff2d + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasInterpreter"@en ; + "A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "isBefore"@en ; + "hasNext"@en ; + """A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity."""@en ; + "A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x)."@en ; + "Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive."@en , + "This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_49e17ba8_dd17_4c28_b8c8_c8c5d5a9aab9 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasSubCollection"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4ab7fb52_cec3_4c00_90c0_5648f01e3296 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasBeginTask"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4be0acad_af05_426f_aa6d_fe7531072564 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part."@en ; + "hasMetricPrefix"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5022e4cb_125f_429d_8556_c3e635c561f2 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + "hasTemporalItemSlice"@en ; + "A temporal part that is an item."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_51e72e5c_ab21_4d0e_ad9f_b168eca89cf4 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasCognised"@en ; + "A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the \"cognised\" semiotic object in a cognition process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5369d256_5866_4729_adc2_1498ee9a4959 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasCogniser"@en ; + "A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_53e5b1e1_6026_4ddc_8a4a_3aaaa5fdbdb7 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasHolisticOverlap"@en ; + "A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts."@en ; + """A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views."""@en ; + "This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_54d0d0f4_d9fa_4179_a9b5_4110c49dafff + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "isSpatiallyRelatedWith"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "hasPortionPart"@en ; + "A proper part relation with domain restricted to items."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_555d0261_da5e_4301_b7f9_46f604a32e91 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "isDirectCauseOf"@en ; + """Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities."""@en ; + "A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries."@en ; + "Direct cause is irreflexive."@en , + "Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + rdfs:seeAlso ; + "isProperPartOf"@en ; + "The inverse relation for hasProperPart." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5ceab41b_2aea_4041_9e9c_a243f7562cee + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasHolisticNonTemporalPart"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5d73661e_e710_4844_ab9b_a85b7e68576a + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasQuantity"@en ; + "Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5fa16188_d95b_4dd2_ac63_eae63fe01504 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdfs:range ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "hasScatteredPortion"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasSign"@en ; + "A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_646cdc47_f955_4da3_9398_9aac0edf48a6 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasHolisticRelation"@en ; + "The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasTemporalDirectPart"@en ; + "hasTemporalTile"@en ; + "A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_662c64e7_fc72_49b3_a161_f50fd42deafa + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasMetrologicalUncertainty"@en ; + "Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure."@en ; + "Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_663859e5_add3_4c9e_96fb_c99399de278d + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasJunctionTile"@en ; + "A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6786b336_e982_4759_8dee_1905a4106591 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasRedundantPart"@en ; + "The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type."@en ; + "A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules."@en ; + """The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty , + owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process."@en ; + owl:versionInfo """In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. + +The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) + + Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) + +was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to + + Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension + +was changed to + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.""" ; + "hasMetrologicalReference"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "equalsTo"@en ; + "The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals." ; + "Equality is here defined following a mereological approach." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; + "hasMember"@en ; + "The relation between a collection and one of its item members."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6e046dd0_9634_4013_b2b1_9cc468087c83 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasSpatialPartialPart"@en ; + "hasSpatialSection"@en ; + "A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal."@en ; + "This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal)."@en , + """This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasTask"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7329967c_3972_4c99_b478_84f66436620d + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasSubObject"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_74a75cf1_3418_4244_b43c_b5db94635d42 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasDirectPart"@en ; + """Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective.""" ; + "The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective."@en ; + "This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism." , + "This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_76413949_896c_4363_a955_de4722c6e149 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + "hasNonMaximalPart"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_78c79b48_4b76_4cbe_812f_b32dbb04fd44 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasUnitNonPrefixPart"@en ; + "Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part."@en ; + "For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix \"Centi\" and non-prefix part \"NewtonMetre\"."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + "hasTemporalPart"@en ; + "A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval."@en ; + """A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases."""@en , + "In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7efab93d_c8fe_49c7_ba8e_d21d13b38c85 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasWellFormedTile"@en ; + "hasSpatioTemporalTile" ; + "A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact."@en ; + "This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7fb7fe7e_bdf9_4eeb_adad_e384dd5285c6 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasInterpretant"@en ; + "A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_850b976f_0726_4408_b1b2_1f0ae367faf6 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + "hasTemporalCollectionSlice"@en ; + "A temporal part that is a collection."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8785be5a_2493_4b12_8f39_31907ab11748 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "hasSpatiialnteractionWith"@en ; + "contacts"@en ; + """A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction."""@en ; + "An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions."@en ; + "Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive."@en , + "The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasHolisticPart"@en ; + "The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else."@en ; + "An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8e742d6f_7fbb_40cf_949b_6806ab0d801f + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; + rdfs:range ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "hasItemPart"@en ; + "A proper part relation with range restricted to items."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8ef3cd6d_ae58_4a8d_9fc0_ad8f49015cd0 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty , + owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood."@en ; + "hasNumericalPart"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_92227f7f_22e9_4b19_a011_920eac3c7b75 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasEndTask"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "hasProperPart"@en ; + "The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + "hasNonTemporalPart"@en ; + "The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "overcrosses"@en ; + "The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9ee42d6b_7242_4a8d_967e_79f8f1c7fe29 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasHolisticTemporalPart"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a0a2ded8_54e8_408d_a6b0_7fd1b4d7d16d + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasDeduced"@en ; + "A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the \"deduced\" semiotic object in a deduction process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a32021dc_58d8_454b_915d_3951b413b8b7 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasConnectedPortion"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a592c856_4103_43cf_8635_1982a1e5d5de + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasResourceIdentifier"@en ; + "Relates a resource to its identifier."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a8bd7094_6b40_47af_b1f4_a69d81a3afbd + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + "isPartOf"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + owl:propertyDisjointWith ; + "notOverlaps"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ad0e72fc_dcaa_490d_8371_b4d814dcda2c + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "causal"@en ; + """Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level."""@en ; + "The superclass of all causal EMMO relations."@en ; + "Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment """Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. + +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters."""@en ; + "hasParticipant"@en ; + "The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aef8af39_0a22_4be8_a523_4e47ca36e035 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasTemporalSection"@en ; + "A temporal part that is not a slice."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b19aacfc_5f73_4c33_9456_469c1e89a53e + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasDatum"@en ; + "Relates a dataset to its datum."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b1daa610_64c6_4935_94b8_a19db586a2f6 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain , + ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasPortion"@en ; + "The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type."@en ; + "A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasSpatialDirectPart"@en ; + "hasSpatialTile"@en ; + "A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b3c8ba10_6bee_45e7_9416_e9019aa9f023 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "properOverlaps"@en ; + "The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "isIndirectCauseOf"@en ; + "An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity."@en ; + "A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b8f79e53_2ad4_441d_87ff_284a5c419e46 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasModelledProperty"@en ; + "Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bb6febfa_5c6b_43c9_941a_4b6157b703be + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + "isPortionPartOf"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + rdfs:comment "A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit."@en ; + "hasMeasurementUnit"@en ; + "Length hasUnit only LengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "hasTemporalLast"@en ; + "hasEndTile"@en ; + "The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c37d451b_e245_439f_bd94_9050e04ec9f7 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + "hasGatheredPart"@en ; + "A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + "hasOutput"@en ; + "The outcome of a process."@en ; + "The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c58c799e_cc6c_4310_a3f1_78da70705b2a + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasDescription"@en ; + "A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cc0df52b_6211_4167_9e22_5cc3ba201bd9 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasScatteredPart"@en ; + "A proper part relation with range restricted to collections."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cc823237_398d_4c9a_b8fa_aa157ee3e3a5 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasDeclarer"@en ; + "A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasAgent"@en ; + "The relation within a process and an agengt participant."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d01b3ee2_91a5_4ce2_95cd_f0d2c333c6d3 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "alongsideOf" ; + "isConcomitantWith"@en ; + "The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d271f202_4c1a_4d74_b86a_387c82034eb7 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasCharacterised"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d43af210_f854_4432_a891_ce3022e3b558 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasSubProcess"@en ; + "The relation between a process and one of its process parts."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d4e0a0ab_2f67_4f87_a0db_b544e6dceed4 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasUnitSymbol"@en ; + "Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "isCauseOf"@en ; + """We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap."""@en ; + """The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping"""@en ; + ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; + "Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive."@en , + "It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums."@en , + """The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. +While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; + "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; + "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property." + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; + "overlaps"@en ; + "The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasConstituent"@en ; + "The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dbe39465_6cf4_4592_b0c5_b7446789a37b + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:inverseOf ; + rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "hasCollaborationWith"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + "hasSpatialPart"@en ; + "A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval."@en ; + "In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasProperty"@en ; + "A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1805abe_f5b7_4c40_810a_1a01950546be + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + , + ; + "hasFractionalCollection"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e3850f08_8e79_454b_9d83_c517cab42857 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasConstitutiveProcess"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4f66254_7312_4de5_a86a_6e0808baaaab + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf , + [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + "isOvercrossedBy"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb3518bf_f799_4f9e_8c3e_ce59af11453b + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasConvention"@en ; + "A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ebc8c324_8e7a_4b09_bcb5_306e0c461d24 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasBehaviour"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ebc9e62c_5dc4_44db_9060_7923740bdf78 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "isTemporallyBefore"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "EMMORelation"@en ; + "The class for all relations used by the EMMO."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eeb06032_dd4f_476e_9da6_aa24302b7588 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasReferencePart"@en ; + "Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eeb8118c_b290_4f57_b0f8_bd65bb6d77ad + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasCharacteriser"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f22abf74_4538_4f50_ab85_09908cdda707 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasStage"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f2fc1ce9_cc3b_4eb5_a112_3c85d1b1374a + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasSemioticObject"@en ; + "hasReferent"@en ; + "A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasSpatialIntegralPart"@en ; + "hasSpatialSlice"@en ; + "A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole."@en ; + "In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fd689787_31b0_41cf_bf03_0d69af76469d + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range ; + "hasMeasuredProperty"@en ; + "Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b + rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , + owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; + "hasTemporalFirst"@en ; + "hasBeginTile"@en ; + "The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections." . + + +################################################################# +# Data properties +################################################################# + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "hasDateOfCalibration"@en ; + "hasDateOfCalibration"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_02face50_43a1_40ce_a909_dfe54d5e186b + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range xsd:string ; + "hasStringValue"@en ; + "The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_19d925d0_2cf1_40e5_a391_1a99d68409c9 + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:range xsd:string ; + "hasDimensionString"@en ; + "Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42 + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:range xsd:string ; + "hasSymbolValue"@en ; + "The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ac852bf0_3251_4d6b_9e57_acbfcb5e7e08 + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasURLValue"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b35e92d7_7fa0_4661_aa5a_5cea7c8e6925 + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ; + "hasURIValue"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b6292331_94af_4f00_976b_ea55960c2f1c + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + "hasDataValue"@en ; + "The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity." ; + "This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values)." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b7493aee_366c_442d_8f59_49ac7aa664d7 + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + "hasURNValue"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ; + rdfs:domain ; + "hasNumericalValue"@en ; + "The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity." . + + +################################################################# +# Classes +################################################################# + +### http://purl.org/spar/datacite/ResourceIdentifier + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ResourceIdentifier"@en ; + "ResourceIdentifier"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ACVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped."@en ; + rdfs:label "ACVoltammetry"@en ; + "ACV"@en ; + "ACVoltammetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154" ; + "voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en ; + rdfs:label "AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en ; + "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;" + ] . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AccessConditions + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "AccessConditions"@en ; + "AccessConditions"@en ; + "Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment"@en ; + "In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these."@en , + "Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en , + "Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution."@en , + "AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced."@en ; + rdfs:label "AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "AdSV"@en ; + "AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro- chemical accumulation)."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "AlphaSpectrometry"@en ; + "AlphaSpectrometry"@en ; + "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Amperometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry)."@en , + "In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte."@en , + "The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant."@en , + "The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis."@en ; + rdfs:label "Amperometry"@en ; + "Amperometry"@en ; + "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution."@en , + "A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used."@en ; + rdfs:label "AnodicStrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "AnodicStrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328" ; + "Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AtomProbeTomography + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "AtomProbeTomography"@en ; + "3D Atom Probe" , + "APT" ; + "AtomProbeTomography"@en ; + """Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. + +The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy."""@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "AtomicForceMicroscopy"@en ; + "AtomicForceMicroscopy"@en ; + "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CalibrationData + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CalibrationData"@en ; + "CalibrationData"@en ; + "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CalibrationDataPostProcessing"@en ; + "CalibrationDataPostProcessing"@en ; + "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CalibrationProcess"@en ; + "CalibrationProcess"@en ; + """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; + "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en ; + "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en ; + "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CalibrationTask" ; + "CalibrationTask" ; + "Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Calorimetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Calorimetry"@en ; + "Calorimetry"@en ; + "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution."@en ; + rdfs:label "CathodicStrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "CSV"@en ; + "CathodicStrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325" ; + "stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationData" ; + "CharacterisationData" ; + "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en ; + "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en ; + "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en ; + "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en ; + "Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment."@en ; + "Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" ; + "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationExperiment"@en ; + "CharacterisationExperiment"@en ; + "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationHardware"@en ; + "CharacterisationHardware"@en ; + "Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareManufacturer + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointWith ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "HardwareManufacturer"@en ; + "HardwareManufacturer"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareModel + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "HardwareModel"@en ; + "HardwareModel"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification"@en ; + "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationInstrument" ; + "CharacterisationInstrument" ; + """Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."""@en ; + "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en ; + "In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter" ; + "Measuring instrument"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en ; + "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en ; + """Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; + "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en ; + "Measurement"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationMeasurementTask"@en ; + "CharacterisationMeasurementTask"@en ; + "Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationMethod"@en ; + "Characterisation procedure"@en , + "Characterisation technique"@en ; + "CharacterisationMethod"@en ; + "The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing)."@en ; + "A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps." . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedure + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationProcedure"@en ; + "CharacterisationProcedure"@en ; + "The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules."@en ; + """Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling"""@en ; + "Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en ; + "CharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en ; + "Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationProperty"@en ; + "CharacterisationProperty"@en ; + "The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model)."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationProtocol"@en ; + "CharacterisationProtocol"@en ; + "A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationSoftware" ; + "CharacterisationSoftware" ; + "A software application to process characterisation data"@en ; + "In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data." . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSystem + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationSystem"@en ; + "CharacterisationSystem"@en ; + """Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; + "A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds."@en ; + "Measuring system"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationTask + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationTask"@en ; + "CharacterisationTask"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationWorkflow + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationWorkflow"@en ; + "CharacterisationWorkflow"@en ; + "A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisedSample + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisedSample" ; + "CharacterisedSample" ; + "The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ChargeDistribution"@en ; + "ChargeDistribution"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Chromatography + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Chromatography"@en ; + "Chromatography"@en ; + "In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography" . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Chronoamperometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation."@en ; + rdfs:label "Chronoamperometry"@en ; + "AmperiometricDetection"@en , + "AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve"@en ; + "Chronoamperometry"@en ; + "amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Chronocoulometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances."@en ; + rdfs:label "Chronocoulometry"@en ; + "Chronocoulometry"@en ; + "direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve)"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Chronopotentiometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used."@en ; + rdfs:label "Chronopotentiometry"@en ; + "Chronopotentiometry"@en ; + "potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CompressionTest + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CompressionTest"@en ; + "CompressionTest"@en ; + "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ConductometricTitration + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve (see"@en , + "The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipita- tion reactions are most frequently used."@en , + "The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance."@en ; + rdfs:label "ConductometricTitration"@en ; + "ConductometricTitration"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221" ; + "titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Conductometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present."@en ; + rdfs:label "Conductometry"@en ; + "Conductometry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180" ; + "measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured"@en ; + "Monitoring of the purity of deionized water."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ConfocalMicroscopy"@en ; + "ConfocalMicroscopy"@en ; + "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CoulometricTitration + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator."@en , + "The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated."@en ; + rdfs:label "CoulometricTitration"@en ; + "CoulometricTitration"@en ; + "titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Coulometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance)."@en , + "The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current)."@en ; + rdfs:label "Coulometry"@en ; + "Coulometry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13" ; + "electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CreepTest + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CreepTest"@en ; + "CreepTest"@en ; + "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography"@en ; + "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CyclicChronopotentiometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "CyclicChronopotentiometry"@en ; + "CyclicChronopotentiometry"@en ; + "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109." + ] . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CyclicVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemi- cal/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters."@en , + "Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switch- ing potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction."@en , + "The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials."@en , + "The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions."@en ; + rdfs:label "CyclicVoltammetry"@en ; + "CV"@en ; + "CyclicVoltammetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DCPolarography + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged."@en , + "This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967)."@en , + "Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by dif- fusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation."@en ; + rdfs:label "DCPolarography"@en ; + "DCPolarography"@en ; + "linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DataAcquisitionRate"@en ; + "DataAcquisitionRate"@en ; + "Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DataAnalysis"@en ; + "DataAnalysis"@en ; + "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataFiltering + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DataFiltering"@en ; + "DataFiltering"@en ; + "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataNormalisation + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DataNormalisation"@en ; + "DataNormalisation"@en ; + "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en ; + "It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DataPostProcessing"@en ; + "DataPostProcessing"@en ; + "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataPreparation + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DataPreparation"@en ; + "DataPreparation"@en ; + "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en ; + "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en ; + "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataQuality + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DataQuality"@en ; + "DataQuality"@en ; + "Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material."@en ; + "Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis)"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Detector + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Detector"@en ; + "Detector"@en ; + "Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample."@en ; + "Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM"@en , + "Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en ; + "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en ; + "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Dielectrometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection."@en , + "The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture."@en ; + rdfs:label "Dielectrometry"@en ; + "Dielectrometry"@en ; + "electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry"@en ; + "DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry"@en ; + "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109" + ] . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV."@en , + "The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV."@en , + "The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte."@en ; + rdfs:label "DifferentialPulseVoltammetry"@en ; + "DPV"@en ; + "DifferentialPulseVoltammetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361" ; + "voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DifferentialRefractiveIndex"@en ; + "DifferentialRefractiveIndex"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry"@en ; + "DSC" ; + "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry"@en ; + "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry"@en ; + "DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry"@en ; + "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109" + ] . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DifferentialThermalAnalysis"@en ; + "DTA" ; + "DifferentialThermalAnalysis"@en ; + "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Dilatometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Dilatometry"@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process." ; + "Dilatometry"@en ; + "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en , + "The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur."@en ; + rdfs:label "DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent"@en ; + "DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent"@en ; + "coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en , + "In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution."@en ; + rdfs:label "DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential"@en ; + "DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential"@en ; + "coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DynamicLightScattering + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DynamicLightScattering"@en ; + "DLS" ; + "DynamicLightScattering"@en ; + "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en ; + "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en ; + "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en ; + "DMA" ; + "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en ; + "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Electrochemical + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Electrochemical"@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9" ; + "Electrochemical"@en ; + "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency."@en , + "The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors."@en ; + rdfs:label "ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en ; + "EIS"@en ; + "ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904"@en ; + "electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made."@en ; + rdfs:label "ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry"@en ; + "ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry"@en ; + "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Electrogravimetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Electrogravimetry"@en ; + "Electrogravimetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14"@en ; + "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en ; + "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org" + ] . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en ; + "EBSD" ; + "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en ; + "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en ; + "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en ; + "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Ellipsometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Ellipsometry"@en ; + "Ellipsometry"@en ; + """Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric +properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is +the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the +light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic +layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique +can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."""@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Exafs + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Exafs"@en ; + "Exafs"@en ; + """Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. +When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."""@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "FatigueTesting"@en ; + "FatigueTesting"@en ; + "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#FibDic + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "FibDic" ; + "FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis" ; + "FibDic" ; + "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "FE-SEM" ; + "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Fractography + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Fractography"@en ; + "Fractography"@en ; + "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en ; + "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en ; + "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#GITT + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "GITT"@en ; + "GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique"@en ; + "GITT"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986" ; + "electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#GammaSpectrometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "GammaSpectrometry"@en ; + "GammaSpectrometry"@en ; + """Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] + +Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. + +A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."""@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#HPPC + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "HPPC"@en ; + "HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation"@en , + "HybridPulsePowerCharacterization"@en ; + "HPPC"@en ; + "electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "HardnessTesting"@en ; + "HardnessTesting"@en ; + "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Hazard + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Hazard"@en ; + "Hazard"@en ; + "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Holder + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Holder"@en ; + "Holder"@en ; + "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#HydrodynamicVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied."@en , + "Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves."@en , + "The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration)."@en ; + rdfs:label "HydrodynamicVoltammetry"@en ; + "HydrodynamicVoltammetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237" ; + "voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ICI + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ICI"@en ; + "IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod"@en ; + "ICI"@en ; + "electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Impedimetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Impedimetry"@en ; + "Impedimetry"@en ; + "measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "InteractionVolume"@en ; + "InteractionVolume"@en ; + "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en ; + "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc."@en , + "In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …)."@en ; + "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en , + "It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#IntermediateSample + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "IntermediateSample"@en ; + "IntermediateSample"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#IonChromatography + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "IonChromatography"@en ; + "IonChromatography"@en ; + "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography" . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en ; + "IMS" ; + "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en ; + "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en ; + "IMC" ; + "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en ; + """Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). + +IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."""@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Laboratory + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Laboratory" ; + "Laboratory" ; + "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "LevelOfAutomation"@en ; + "LevelOfAutomation"@en ; + "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "LevelOfExpertise"@en ; + "LevelOfExpertise"@en ; + "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LightScattering + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "LightScattering"@en ; + "LightScattering"@en ; + "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LinearChronopotentiometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "LinearChronopotentiometry"@en ; + "LinearChronopotentiometry"@en ; + "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109." + ] . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LinearScanVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry."@en , + "The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation."@en , + "The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs."@en ; + rdfs:label "LinearScanVoltammetry"@en ; + "LSV"@en , + "LinearPolarization"@en , + "LinearSweepVoltammetry"@en ; + "LinearScanVoltammetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700" ; + "Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MassSpectrometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "MassSpectrometry"@en ; + "MassSpectrometry"@en ; + "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en ; + "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en ; + "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en ; + "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)"@en , + "In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "MeasurementParameter"@en ; + "MeasurementParameter"@en ; + "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" ; + "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" ; + """Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured +NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form +“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. +NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment +(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). +NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite +for adjustment. +NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; + """Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). +The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."""@en ; + "Adjustment"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "MeasurementTime"@en ; + "MeasurementTime"@en ; + "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Mechanical + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Mechanical"@en ; + "Mechanical"@en ; + """Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: +1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. +2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."""@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing" . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MembraneOsmometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "MembraneOsmometry"@en ; + "MembraneOsmometry"@en ; + "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Microscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Microscopy"@en ; + "Microscopy"@en ; + "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Nanoindentation"@en ; + "Nanoindentation"@en ; + "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en ; + "By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en ; + "NSE" ; + "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en ; + "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Nexafs + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Nexafs"@en ; + "Nexafs"@en ; + "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#NormalPulseVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV."@en , + "Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained."@en , + "The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse."@en , + "The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered."@en , + "The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte."@en ; + rdfs:label "NormalPulseVoltammetry"@en ; + "NPV"@en ; + "NormalPulseVoltammetry"@en ; + "voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en ; + "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)" , + "NMR" ; + "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en ; + "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#OpenCircuitHold + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "OpenCircuitHold"@en ; + "OCVHold"@en ; + "OpenCircuitHold"@en ; + "a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Operator + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Operator"@en ; + "Operator"@en ; + "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Optical + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Optical"@en ; + "Optical"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "OpticalMicroscopy"@en ; + "OpticalMicroscopy"@en ; + "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Osmometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Osmometry"@en ; + "Osmometry"@en ; + "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en ; + "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en ; + "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en ; + "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en ; + "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en ; + "In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law)."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "PostProcessingModel"@en ; + "PostProcessingModel"@en ; + "Mathematical model used to process data."@en ; + "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en , + "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en , + "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en , + "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en ; + rdfs:label "PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis"@en ; + "PSA"@en ; + "PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis"@en ; + "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109" + ] . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Potentiometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode."@en , + "Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential."@en ; + rdfs:label "Potentiometry"@en ; + "Potentiometry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12" ; + "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PreparedSample + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointWith ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "PreparedSample" ; + "PreparedSample" ; + "The sample after a preparation process."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PrimaryData + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "PrimaryData"@en ; + "PrimaryData"@en ; + "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; + "Baseline subtraction"@en , + "Noise reduction"@en , + "X and Y axes correction"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Probe + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Probe"@en ; + "Probe"@en ; + "Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties."@en ; + "In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics."@en , + "In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm."@en , + "In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…)"@en , + "In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence)."@en , + "In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en ; + "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en ; + "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ProcessingReproducibility"@en ; + "ProcessingReproducibility"@en ; + "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Profilometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Profilometry"@en ; + "Profilometry"@en ; + "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "PulsedElectroacousticMethod"@en ; + "PulsedElectroacousticMethod"@en ; + "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y" . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "RamanSpectroscopy"@en ; + "RamanSpectroscopy"@en ; + """Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector."""@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#RawData + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "RawData"@en ; + "RawData"@en ; + "Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated."@en , + "The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy."@en ; + "In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time."@en , + "In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam."@en ; + "In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#RawSample + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "RawSample"@en ; + "RawSample"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ReferenceSample"@en ; + "Certified Reference Material"@en , + "Reference material"@en , + "ReferenceSpecimen" ; + "ReferenceSample"@en ; + """Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en , + "Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007]"@en ; + "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”."@en ; + "Reference material"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Sample + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Sample"@en ; + "Specimen" ; + "Sample"@en ; + "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen."@en ; + "Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero." . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SampleInspection + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "SampleInspection"@en ; + "SampleInspection"@en ; + "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method."@en ; + "In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SampleInspectionInstrument + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "SampleInspectionInstrument" ; + "SampleInspectionInstrument" . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "SamplePreparation"@en ; + "SamplePreparation"@en ; + "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "SamplePreparationHardware"@en ; + "SamplePreparationHardware"@en ; + "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationInstrument + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "SamplePreparationInstrument" ; + "SamplePreparationInstrument" . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "SamplePreparationParameter"@en ; + "SamplePreparationParameter"@en ; + "Parameter used for the sample preparation process"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SampledDCPolarography + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered."@en ; + rdfs:label "SampledDCPolarography"@en ; + "TASTPolarography"@en ; + "SampledDCPolarography"@en ; + "DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "SamplingProcess"@en ; + "SamplingProcess"@en ; + "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated."@en ; + "The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "AES" ; + "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "SEM" ; + "ScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ScanningKelvinProbe"@en ; + "SKB" ; + "ScanningKelvinProbe"@en ; + "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ScanningProbeMicroscopy"@en ; + "ScanningProbeMicroscopy"@en ; + "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy"@en ; + "STM" ; + "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy"@en ; + "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ScatteringAndDiffraction"@en ; + "ScatteringAndDiffraction"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SecondaryData + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "SecondaryData"@en ; + "Elaborated data"@en ; + "SecondaryData"@en ; + "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data."@en ; + "Deconvoluted curves"@en , + "Intensity maps"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry"@en ; + "SIMS" ; + "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry"@en ; + "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "ShearOrTorsionTest"@en ; + "ShearOrTorsionTest"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Signal + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Signal"@en ; + "Signal"@en ; + "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )."@en ; + "Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity."@en ; + "Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Spectrometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Spectrometry"@en ; + "Spectrometry"@en ; + "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Spectroscopy"@en ; + "Spectroscopy"@en ; + "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SquareWaveVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process."@en , + "The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped"@en , + "The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte."@en ; + rdfs:label "SquareWaveVoltammetry"@en ; + "OSWV"@en , + "OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry"@en , + "SWV"@en ; + "SquareWaveVoltammetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323" ; + "voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#StepChronopotentiometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "StepChronopotentiometry"@en ; + "StepChronopotentiometry"@en ; + "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en ; + "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109." + ] . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#StrippingVoltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits."@en , + "Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte."@en , + "Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation."@en , + "Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution."@en , + "Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry)."@en ; + rdfs:label "StrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "StrippingVoltammetry"@en ; + "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Synchrotron + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Synchrotron"@en ; + "Synchrotron"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#TensileTest + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "TensileTest"@en ; + "TensionTest" ; + "TensileTest"@en ; + "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Thermochemical + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Thermochemical"@en ; + "TMA" ; + "Thermochemical"@en ; + "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Thermogravimetry"@en ; + "TGA" ; + "Thermogravimetry"@en ; + "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Tomography + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Tomography"@en ; + "Tomography"@en ; + "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "TEM" ; + "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy"@en ; + "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Ultrasonic"@en ; + "Ultrasonic"@en ; + """Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. + +Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors."""@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry"@en ; + "VPO" ; + "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry"@en ; + "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Viscometry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "Viscometry"@en ; + "Viscosity" ; + "Viscometry"@en ; + "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Voltammetry + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" , + "The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram."@en ; + rdfs:label "Voltammetry"@en ; + "Voltammetry"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11" ; + "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode"@en ; + "VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode"@en ; + "hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#WearTest + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "WearTest"@en ; + "WearTest"@en ; + """A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. +Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface."""@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "XpsVariableKinetic"@en ; + "Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)" , + "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)" ; + "XpsVariableKinetic"@en ; + "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background."@en . + + +### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "" ; + rdfs:label "XrdGrazingIncidence"@en ; + "XrdGrazingIncidence"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_002e4002_58c7_4aea_ac1f_bba5188818ff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaPerTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Semiosis"@en ; + "A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'."@en ; + """Me looking a cat and saying loud: \"Cat!\" -> the semiosis process + +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +\"Cat!\" -> sign, the produced sign"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_00b85655_f20c_4e83_b90e_094e8ea7e48f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Product"@en ; + "CommercialProduct"@en ; + "An product that is ready for commercialisation."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_00f2dc2d_2f64_468a_a77c_d70841b0b5f0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PhotochemicalProcesses"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_01048432_3722_40a9_aa37_ea009da44272 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction." ; + "DrawForming"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_01354ac2_cce1_4b7d_8b4a_7322d6cb10bc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation"@en ; + "A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_01b80fdd_065c_4caf_b36c_4c0724936e24 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53" ; + "6-52.2" ; + "Real part of the admittance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_01cd670e_d37c_424f_b91e_c2c2bbb5ea43 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticReluctivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_01e4191d_03ba_4107_a307_1c09c0e6a7d2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DoseEquivalentRate"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02" ; + "10-83.2" ; + "Time derivative of the dose equivalent."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_02122e58_e0b3_4274_bdd4_745f64a61645 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "IndustrialPlant"@en ; + "Factory"@en ; + "A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Factory"@en ; + "From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Wholistic"@en ; + "Holistic"@en ; + """An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement."""@en ; + "The union of classes whole and part."@en ; + "A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa."@en ; + "A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred."@en , + "A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Holistic"@en ; + "Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos \"all, whole, entire\")."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Wholistic"@en ; + "From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_02a935c8_c2d4_4a00_bd6f_b89d05aac79e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + rdfs:comment """In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1"""@en , + """Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. + +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions."""@en , + """Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m)."""@en , + """— quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1"""@en ; + "PhysicalQuantity"@en ; + "A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_02c4890b_aef3_4173_9669_94d1f6baf611 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Coupled"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_02e894c3_b793_4197_b120_3442e08f58d1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_030ce585_429a_4cfb_95c2_8364e58a1ebb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "GyromagneticCoefficient"@en , + "MagnetogyricRatio"@en ; + "GyromagneticRatio" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552" ; + "10-12.1" ; + "Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0329f1f5_8339_4ce4_8505_a264c6d606ba + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointWith ; + rdfs:comment """The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2"""@en , + """The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1"""@en ; + "Velocity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465" ; + """Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3"""@en ; + "3-8.1" , + "3‑10.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0342678c_13ba_43d7_9cbd_df60967a0a45 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MicrowaveSintering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en , + """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en , + "https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering"@en ; + "Sintern" ; + "Sintering"@en ; + "Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece."@en ; + """Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_034bc7dd_a8c2_4ed0_8b51_66ac9b00342f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BraggAngle"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118" ; + "12-4" ; + "Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_038cb8cb_c035_40c1_a3e7_7f24d63b2804 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ResonanceEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187" ; + "10-37.2" ; + "Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_03d32783_3780_43c3_8b73_7efe9aeeed54 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "FundamentalLatticeVector"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063" ; + "12-1.2" ; + "Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_03d4cd70_0d16_4403_b68c_d41a9117f981 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SimulationLanguage"@en ; + "A computer language used to describe simulations."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GenerativeManufacturing"@en ; + "AdditiveManufacturing"@en ; + "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies," . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies," ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0449de81_0995_4575_8f2b_2c70cffafa71 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "DisintegrationConstant"@en ; + "DecayConstant"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11" ; + "10-24" ; + "Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_044f83a6_ade4_4441_9c73_5490dd93344f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LuminousEfficacyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_048a14e3_65fb_457d_8695_948965c89492 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "Δ" + ] ; + "Laplacian"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_04b3300c_98bd_42dc_a3b5_e6c29d69f1ac + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MoleFraction"@en ; + "AmountFraction"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction" ; + "The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_04cc9451_5306_45d0_8554_22cee4d6e785 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Inductance"@en ; + "ElectricInductance"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19" ; + "6-41.1" ; + "A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_04cf0295_3e8f_4693_a87f_3130d125cf05 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Force of gravity acting on a body."@en ; + "Weight"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight" ; + "4-9.2" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Gas"@en ; + "Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. + +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity."""@en ; + "Interpreter"@en ; + "The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'."@en ; + """For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters)."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_052e9796_1144_43ae_a798_c5755cd6cd81 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Interpretant"@en ; + "The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Symbolic"@en ; + "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en ; + """fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i """A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit \"1000010\" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter \"B\". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: \"Hello\", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet."""@en , + """A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols)."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Symbolic"@en ; + "From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”)." + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_06448f64_8db6_4304_8b2c_e785dba82044 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material."@en ; + "MassConcentration"@en , + "MassDensity"@en ; + "Density"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density" ; + "4-2" , + "9-10" , + "Mass per volume."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0650c031_42b6_4f0a_b62d_d88f071da6bf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "Measurand"@en ; + "Quantity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance."@en ; + """length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance"""@en ; + "measurand"@en , + "quantity"@en ; + """VIM defines a quantity as a \"property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference\". + +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "measurand"@en ; + "VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0658e7df_ffd9_4779_82fc_62efe0a7f3b1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "QualityFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45" ; + "6-53" ; + "Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "1DArray"@en , + "LinearArray" ; + "Vector"@en ; + "1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_066937f0_ea5c_4b06_8739_53f66d5ef89e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved."@en ; + "EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis"@en ; + "EquilibriumConstant"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809" ; + "for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \\sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together." ; + "Schweißen" ; + "Welding"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_071b87fd_8ac8_4287_bfc6_9fcd8ce6674c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerEnergyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_072bc73e_9167_49f5_a62c_612a52c74f50 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DisplacementCurrentDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42" ; + "6-18" ; + "Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "RightHandedParticle"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_07de47e0_6bb6_45b9_b55a_4f238efbb105 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + "AtomicNumber"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber" ; + "Number of protons in an atomic nucleus."@en ; + "10-1.1" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_07f571cd_252b_4421_8f98_94b6690d2ab9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticReluctanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_08415c4f_58bf_4696_8581_f5f90fec24b7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DragFactor"@en ; + "DragCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961" ; + "4-23.4" ; + "Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_084b4f77_6df7_4c6a_b705_2528aba5cdda + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MaterialRelationComputation"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_08865f1c_4d7e_4fa7_afba_05e5f7d06cb9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MeanEnergyImparted"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44" ; + "10-80.2" ; + "Expectation value of the energy imparted."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_08b308d4_31cd_4779_a784_aa92fc730f39 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DerivedUnit"@en ; + "Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities."@en ; + "derived unit"@en ; + """A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_08bcf1d6_e719_46c8_bb21_24bc9bf34dba + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Height"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Height" ; + "3-1.3" ; + "Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_08d993e0_cc1c_45da_b0c5_3d658091ccfd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PlasticSintering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_09007bc0_b5f2_4fb9_af01_caf948cf2044 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Java"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_095b3c46_2b60_43cb_bade_9ee9ac969720 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Filling"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_09663630_1b84_4202_91e6_e641104f579e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field ."@en ; + "ElectromagneticPermeability" ; + "Permeability"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability" ; + "6-26.2" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0972cb08_48bd_4524_ac03_8a2e7f30f02f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EnergyPerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_09b9021b_f97b_43eb_b83d_0a764b472bc2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Power"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power" ; + "4-27" , + "6-45" ; + "Rate of transfer of energy per unit time."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_09cee580_aed5_4541_ab94_ec5bb1c64a7c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthPerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "PhysicallyInteracting"@en ; + "A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "UpQuark"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0a88be81_343d_4388_92c1_09228ff95ada + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events."@en ; + "Probability"@en ; + "Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0a982eeb_e5ef_4828_93bc_53ece1b3f171 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AtomicScatteringFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866" ; + "12-5.3" ; + "Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0ab4306c_ba36_4a6e_941e_474ed04e8ccf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "RollingDrag"@en , + "RollingFrictionForce"@en ; + "RollingResistance"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921" ; + "4-9.5"@en ; + "Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0adabf6f_7404_44cb_9f65_32d83d8101a3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Duration"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13" ; + "3-9" ; + "Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0afc19b0_2d43_4b3d_8da0_9ffb63bc1492 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NonCrystallineMaterial"@en ; + "AmorphousMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0b0dc439_fe4b_4e59_a5f6_655b0bf48559 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ResonanceEscapeProbability"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072" ; + "10-68" ; + "In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "Dispersion"@en ; + "A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0b3295fa_f4bf_4f83_a603_9d98c03da5bb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40" ; + "5-10.2" ; + "Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0b6ebe5a_0026_4bef_a1c1_5be00df9f98e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Inequality"@en ; + "A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions."@en ; + "f(x) > 0"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Crystal"@en ; + """A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)""" . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; + "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget """A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)""" ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SupplyChain"@en ; + "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0ca67b4c_bdd3_40a6_b8c6_ba77e39c13a3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MolarAttenuationCoefficient"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828" ; + "10-51" ; + "Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0cd4c619_b123_4ae4_b778_3c9adaad65e7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Signal"@en ; + "Index"@en ; + "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity."@en ; + """Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Index"@en ; + "From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0d1c0018_42e2_4506_bc3d_f53c117c1ad3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AnalogData"@en ; + "Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic."@en ; + "A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound."@en ; + "The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0d2c0390_51fb_42aa_93b1_af903b3ad510 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CurrentLinkage"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46" ; + "6-37.4" ; + "For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0d4bdfcd_f4f0_4b8f_b470_e3f654e37d33 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0dbdd7c5_86a5_4867_a396_2277e20fc4bc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DragForce"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621" ; + "4-9.6" ; + "Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0de3878e_7928_4ab6_bc6d_cf590b2d0e5b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Compressibility"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70" ; + "4-20" ; + "Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "PhaseHeterogeneousMixture"@en ; + "A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists."@en ; + """Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e0ee94d_70be_4b7e_afcc_320e62a94974 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571" ; + "10-41" ; + "Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HolisticTemporalPart"@en ; + "TemporalRole"@en ; + "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e6378df_1ce8_4321_b00c_ee9beea60a67 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PhaseHomogeneousMixture"@en ; + "A single phase mixture."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0e78a4d4_b4e0_48e7_97d8_e7d41a85a54d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Coercivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69" ; + "6-31" ; + "Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0ee5779e_d798_4ee5_9bfe_c392d5bea112 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field."@en ; + "Permittivity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity" ; + "6-14.1" , + "6-14.2" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PhysicallyNonInteracting"@en ; + "A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork."@en ; + "A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f1b1f8b_0323_4840_899c_fd6860763155 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MassStoppingPower"@en ; + "TotalMassStoppingPower"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52" ; + "10-55" ; + "Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f3ec0ad_3fcf_42b2_8f34_6dca89e35a4f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermalConductivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f43918c_3578_4196_a5fa_d3fa6c0d5869 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MeasurementResult"@en ; + """Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM"""@en ; + "measurement result"@en ; + "A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf)."@en , + "A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] + ] ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "CausalChain"@en , + "Elementary"@en ; + "CausalPath"@en ; + "A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time."@en ; + "The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure."@en ; + "An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle."@en ; + "hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum)"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; + "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; + "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; + "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1044e509_e204_433a_8130_8d4579ada59f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "IsentropicCompressibility"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32" ; + "5-5.2" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_109e8c69_4148_4cb0_9ceb_fbd526befca0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Characterisation"@en ; + "Determination"@en ; + "A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure."@en ; + "Assigning the word \"red\" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_10f703b5_8b2a_4c5a_a734_f0cfb29622ad + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaPerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_11708648_fc62_46c6_bae5_3a10693e416e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerAreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_120d86b6_d7c4_4490_8ef2_8a5f58403950 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentDensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_123b0aee_eac2_461f_8078_3a7c8dfbe7ce + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PaperManufacturing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_124c07b7_38ea_405c_81b1_5c65eee1a41a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + + + + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SecondGenerationFermion"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_125e8614_0dad_4c04_9ac9_03317e63beec + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RelativeActivityOfSolute"@en ; + "ActivityOfSolute"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862" ; + "9-24" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_126e57a9_0f9c_4315_a031_bc273a0f302b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "IntrinsicCarrierDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188" ; + "12-29.3" ; + "Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_127594de_4802_4ad6_b09d_d05b340394dd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "IntangibleProduct"@en ; + "Service"@en ; + "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1275ac79_7280_4d99_ab61_3d98e00c053e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PressurePerTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_12a3441c_4fe8_4d9c_a7db_9e86ce6c41ee + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "BottomAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_12a9a254_9791_4a00_b045_f397bc3ab2bc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GasMixture"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_12aae025_a226_4762_9d51_81200a8ce54c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PseudoscalarMeson"@en ; + "A meson with spin zero and odd parity."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_12b2ec1e_fb89_468a_a51d_97c2a6db297c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C."@en , + "The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient"@en ; + "IonActivity"@en ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20"@en ; + "ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_12d4ba9b_2f89_4ea3_b206_cd376f96c875 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter."@en ; + "AmountOfHeat" ; + "Heat"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat" ; + "5-6.1" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_12f0b2eb_a7b2_4f87_8176_12748f415832 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RelativePermittivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13" ; + "6-15" ; + "Permittivity divided by electric constant."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Participant"@en ; + "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; + "A student during an examination."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_134b78a0_63f8_4f7f_8098_925d1d934e48 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399" ; + "12-2.2" ; + "Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_135ab8ea_e028_439e_be64_3e0f9734ea2b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NonIntentionalProcess"@en ; + "NaturalProcess"@en ; + "A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_137c6f65_f393_43ca_9c6d_ac765de56a5a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NuclearGFactor"@en ; + "GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250" ; + "10-14.2" ; + "Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_13fea749_0b3b_4756_9c81_22cce620fc25 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DataExchangeLanguage"@en ; + "A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline."@en ; + "JSON, YAML, XML"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_14235b93_650f_4452_8395_a23b8f645c9a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountConductivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1461e904_a2bf_4558_ad74_2706f5706b34 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CompiledLanguage"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_146e85cb_37a7_4204_84f1_30113cfddd0c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ParticleSourceDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762" ; + "10-66" ; + "Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_14ff4393_0f28_4fb4_abc7_c2cc00bc761d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LuminousIntensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_15d36b02_fbb4_4c35_bca9_38e9c573baee + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "AbsorbedDoseRate"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07" ; + "10-84" ; + "Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_15d62b55_38ea_4aec_b7c4_25db1a2e5a01 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "CountingUnit"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM"^^xsd:anyURI ; + 1 ; + "Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count."@en ; + """Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_15db234d_ecaf_4715_9838_4b4ec424fb13 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Reductionistic"@en ; + "A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels."@en ; + """A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional)"""@en , + "Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1604f495_328a_4f28_9962_f4cc210739dd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Charge"@en ; + "ElectricCharge"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111" ; + "6-2" ; + "The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_161bef57_cc59_4246_8249_19dbdae96e7b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "JavaScript"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_16c41198_3881_4a34_bae5_993f88823993 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermalSprayingForming"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_16cc6deb_d9f8_4ede_900a_a17cc86e57c4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ManufacturingSystem"@en ; + "A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_16d1606c_e562_43cd_a92c_0894abc2027b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Galvanizing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_16d72037_3243_4018_ac6c_0015f661d3c3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Rotation"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22" ; + "3-16" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_16f2fe60_2db7_43ca_8fee_5b3e416bfe87 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture."@en ; + "MassConcentration"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1744d51d_0dac_4f48_8b50_fde6c7c2ab39 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852" ; + "Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_176cae33_b83e_4cd2_a6bc_281f42f0ccc8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity."@en ; + "AvogadroConstant"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant" ; + """The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system."""@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_17b031fb_4695_49b6_bb69_189ec63df3ee + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field."@en ; + "ElectricPotentialDifference"@en , + "ElectricTension"@en ; + "Voltage"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage"@en ; + "6-11.3" ; + "The difference in electric potential between two points."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424" , + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_183f6fac_8543_44e0_bd59_434aa7054f4c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountPerAreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_18448443_dcf1_49b8_a321_cf46e2c393e1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassFractionUnit"@en ; + "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses."@en ; + "Unit for mass fraction."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_18c4634c_b821_49a3_beff_5eb7515ffc40 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ModellingLanguage"@en ; + "An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design."@en ; + "Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures."@en , + """Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. + +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation."""@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_18ce5200_00f5_45bb_8c6f_6fb128cd41ae + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MetrologicalReference"@en ; + "A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2)."@en ; + """A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence \"the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel\"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties)."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_18d180e4_5e3e_42f7_820c_e08951223486 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom xsd:double + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom xsd:double + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onDataRange xsd:double + ] ; + "Real"@en ; + "A real number."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_194100e1_e11a_4b7c_bb5a_171655679fc8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointWith ; + rdfs:comment "Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass."@en ; + "Extensive"@en ; + "A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems."@en ; + """Mass +Volume +Entropy"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1942247a_50b4_4109_bff4_bb213de45e08 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449" ; + "10-13.8" ; + "Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DataSet"@en ; + "Encoded data made of more than one datum."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Cogniser"@en ; + "An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial)"@en ; + "The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon." . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cogniser"@en ; + "From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”"@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_197095a5_6d0c_4747_bcd7_f239203217dc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LorenzNumberUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_19c5c2b2_463b_4e41_bd50_4f7239aa62d9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "OsmoticPressure"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135" ; + "9-28" ; + "Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_19fe0747_6954_40cb_9f8f_b87498bc8e78 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ComputerLanguage"@en ; + "A formal language used to communicate with a computer."@en ; + """The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering"""@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1a179ce4_3724_47f8_bee5_6292e3ac9942 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ElectricDipoleMoment"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35" ; + "6-6" ; + "An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation." ; + "Abtragen" ; + "Ablation"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1a4c1a97_88a7_4d8e_b2f9_2ca58e92dde4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + + + + ) ; + "ISQBaseQuantity"@en ; + "Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ)."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1a4ed964_9ee4_44a9_b386_4b0f95cf6666 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LatticePlaneSpacing"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046" ; + "12-3" ; + "distance between successive lattice planes"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1a5dd75a_6ed6_4148_a99c_001a27f5b417 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpinQuantumNumber" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445" ; + "10-13.5" ; + "Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1a9e6e27_1e1d_492a_824e_6fb848574846 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MetallicPowderSintering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1aaaceb6_c5eb_4cf3_a494_f82d43fda10a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1ac837ae_23e4_4cae_b866_dcf18c5c8a3d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SlowingDownDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830" ; + "10-67" ; + "Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1acb552d_281a_40a4_9d55_5e31b85d4dc1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1aed91a3_d00c_48af_8f43_a0c958b2512a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number)"@en ; + "AlgebricExpression"@en ; + "2x+3"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1b01c9c6_6367_498c_a04d_1a37499b3eff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectroSinterForging"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1b32a555_978b_4e56_933f_e158e165023e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VectorMeson"@en ; + "A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Determiner"@en ; + "An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Observed"@en ; + "The biography of a person met by the author."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Estimation"@en ; + "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; + "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1c16bb7f_5400_4498_8ef2_54392908da4e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HybridMatter"@en ; + "Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1c1ec02e_4def_4979_aff9_572c06a95391 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointWith ; + rdfs:comment "alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT)"@en ; + "CubicExpansionCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28"@en ; + "5-3.2" ; + "Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1c2226a9_22f0_40c8_8928_5a01d398f96e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticDipoleMomentUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1c3de02f_ddbd_4704_9538_3d4f38cc373e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerElectricChargeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1c7f2dfe_0db4_4bf6_a0f6_853054a34ead + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "DataProcessing"@en ; + "A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1c957677_a460_4702_85a6_baef659d14b1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1cba0b27_15d0_4326_933f_379d0b3565b6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "2DArray"@en ; + "Matrix"@en ; + "2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1ce18268_dc63_42af_9113_6589331b5562 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Fork"@en ; + "A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1d2bf964_5d54_4da6_a02d_7c908517ef91 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueCharmQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1d5305d7_5690_4e5a_92de_4611e8c356ef + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ElectronNeutrino"@en ; + "A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])." ; + "Scherschneiden" ; + "ShearCutting"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1d77524b_ff3f_4e9a_90a4_be3d0bd88855 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MagneticVectorPotential"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23" ; + "6-32" ; + "Vector potential of the magnetic flux density."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1db22203_95cb_46e2_ad94_14367a93d1dc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MassicVolume"@en ; + "SpecificVolume"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09" ; + "4-3" ; + "inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1dcc2b31_7ff4_49ed_a1bc_6e4c055c951c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "WeakBoson"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1e7603a7_1365_49b8_b5e5_3711c8e6b904 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts."@en ; + "Vergence"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso "Luciano Floridi, \"Information - A very Short Introduction\", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378"@en ; + "Contrast"@en , + "Dedomena"@en , + "Pattern"@en ; + "Data"@en ; + "A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties."@en ; + """A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning."""@en , + "The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Dedomena"@en ; + "From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)"@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ; + "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1ea2f3fc_da94_4685_99b4_352922fbc461 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "CharmQuark"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1eb6b28e_f260_4f04_ada1_19c6dcb668d9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ResidualResistivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61" ; + "12-17" ; + "for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Variable"@en ; + "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; + """x +k"""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Variable"@en ; + "Fom Latin variabilis (\"changeable\")."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal)."@en ; + "Whole"@en ; + "The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole."@en ; + """A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Whole"@en ; + "From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f087811_06cb_42d5_90fb_25d0e7e068ef + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Force"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force" ; + "4-9.1" ; + "Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f19b65b_35bf_4662_a318_7f1c147cb3b6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CompositeBoson"@en ; + """Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f2bfb9f_ecc6_46a0_9e41_2d6fcbf59e4b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CausalCollapse"@en ; + "A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Foam"@en ; + "A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1f8f92a8_4cc9_4fa3_9b5f_d5af5bab4fd2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedBottomAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1fa63b54_64d7_40fa_9c8c_003bd61664d1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ParticleCurrentDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689" ; + "10-48" ; + "Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_200c735e_3dd7_44b2_bb34_4bb454a8e53b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,"@en ; + "Solution"@en ; + "A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_20ff3b34_c864_4936_8955_9345fc0a3b3c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "3DArray"@en ; + "Array3D"@en ; + "3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_210e7e99_c1cf_44cc_87c7_310a10ff068b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Behaviour"@en ; + "A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object."@en ; + "Accelerating is a behaviour of a car."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986"@en ; + "ChemicalEntity"@en ; + "MolecularEntity"@en ; + "Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction."@en ; + "Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule."@en , + "Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context."@en ; + """Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,"""@en , + "This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered \"molecular\", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives." ; + "Schleifen" ; + "Grinding"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging." ; + "Weiten" ; + "Widening"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "UnitSymbol"@en ; + "A symbol that stands for a single unit."@en ; + "Some examples are \"Pa\", \"m\" and \"J\"."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_21a13e48_e4e2_450b_ad03_d9a112daee87 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "ChargedWeakBoson"@en , + "IntermediateVectorBoson"@en ; + "WBoson"@en ; + "A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_21a91e48_b6d3_4558_b08f_246433d43860 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermalConductanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_21bc99ae_f2ba_4eb3_90c1_d81968c429e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SexticLengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_21e69447_1d0c_4880_ab8c_6bfbcd83aab4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "AtomicAttenuationCoefficient"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911" ; + "10-52" ; + "Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + rdfs:comment "A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue."@en , + "A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an \"atomic\" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers)."@en , + """In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept."""@en ; + "Numeral"@en ; + "Number"@en ; + "A numerical data value."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CondensedMatter"@en ; + "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics"@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_223d9523_4169_4ecd_b8af_acad1215e1ff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Exponent"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22496460_c849_4bd7_8be0_9a1202506f18 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ArchetypeJoin"@en ; + "Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22522299_4091_4d1f_82a2_3890492df6db + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Experiment"@en ; + "An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_225775f9_3bf3_4309_a7e1_aa7305c9278a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedCharmQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress." ; + "Schubumformen" ; + "ShearForming"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22a6f189_7ad7_424d_af15_5efe002c1365 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "StrangeQuark"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2469e4c6_ac2e_4c8f_b49f_7b2d2e277215 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpatiallyRedundant"@en ; + "A whole with spatial parts of its same type."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_246af1cb_2f80_4ff7_9add_c1dd4cfdcc93 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ParticleFluence"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18" ; + "10-43" ; + "Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_24788d59_32f5_4339_a42a_43a102ec14a8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden" ; + "UndefinedEdgeCutting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2480b72b_db8d_460f_9a5f_c2912f979046 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Agent"@en ; + "A participant that is the driver of the process."@en ; + "A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence."@en ; + """An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_24b30ba4_90f4_423d_93d2_fd0fde349087 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Shape4x3Matrix"@en ; + "A real matrix with shape 4x3."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_24c44d2c_9ec3_438d_8cff_348cb9d7cb5c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MolarInternalEnergy"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106" ; + "9-6.1" ; + "Internal energy per amount of substance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_24dda193_ada8_433b_bb74_6ca4a0b89a20 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Baryon"@en ; + "Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. + +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. + +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. + +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis."""@en ; + "Subjective"@en ; + "A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box."@en ; + """The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_252cce84_cc8a_49dc_8405_0d5e06425d69 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "QuantumNumber" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431" ; + "10-13.1" ; + "Number describing a particular state of a quantum system."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2531fe94_1cdf_4f36_9abc_7ab7574310db + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Muon"@en ; + "The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.""" ; + "3DPrinting"@en ; + "Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology."@en ; + "This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.""" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_254ff869_7d28_42dd_aedc_adb4cc8ad0cb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "ActivityFactor"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167" ; + "9-22" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2553c342_fc28_47d8_8e19_7a98fa08f150 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts."@en ; + "SubObject"@en ; + "An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object."@en ; + "If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2558579d_fd7e_4c15_8ad4_2050ca0acc5e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "LinearStoppingPower"@en ; + "TotalLinearStoppingPower"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49" ; + "10-54" ; + "For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2565210a_bbcc_4c00_a122_6a608faa355b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HandlingDevice"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_256bb4be_78c6_4f2f_8589_f5e4c8339bbd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ProductionSystem"@en ; + "A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_25e8c0c4_943a_4851_9cb7_3c4b45f69bb5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Lethargy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01" ; + "10-69" ; + "Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_25f8b804_9a0b_4387_a3e7_b35bce5365ee + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Photon"@en ; + "The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_260dfba7_f7ab_4e5d_99e5_137600778220 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AlphaDisintegrationEnergy"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025" ; + "10-32" ; + "Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_262d4582_15b9_4685_b693_24f8e9ead98d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "HelmholtzFreeEnergy"@en ; + "HelmholtzEnergy"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24" ; + "5-20.4" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_263d9161_5a7c_4900_a49b_55f012b3fe07 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermochemicalTreatment"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2666a7e3_2ad4_49a0_899e_329607231f4b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SerialStep"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_268a8a97_3a6f_4022_93da_962a66827cdc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "C#"@en ; + "CSharp"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_26922e28_b266_46c1_b93e_4940633ba5e4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "OxidationState"@en ; + "OxidationNumber"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state" ; + "Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_26a38b26_38ea_4acf_b212_db9e34c71b7a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Positron"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_26b13395_0031_4da2_b4d0_55eca1792107 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SectionModulus"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31" ; + "4-22" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_26c6f1b3_c33f_4804_a3e8_3c5c931582b3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RelaxationTime"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085" ; + "12-32.1" ; + "time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_26f34447_32ec_48ce_9baa_4afec09120f4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "InterferenceFitting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_27367073_ed8a_481a_9b07_f836dfe31f7f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number."@en , + "The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes."@en ; + "AtomicMass"@en ; + "The mass of an atom in the ground state."@en ; + "10-4.1" ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_276f1224_fdc1_42ac_bd27_03d6dcec191a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ThermalDiffusionCoefficient" ; + "ThermalDiffusivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53" ; + "5-14" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PhysicsEquation"@en ; + "An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities."@en ; + """The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_27c8e4db_eb18_402c_951e_6a38751cf1d0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example."""@en , + "Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement."@en ; + "Array"@en ; + "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en ; + """A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth..."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CompositeFermion"@en ; + """Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron)"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ISQDerivedQuantity"@en ; + "Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_29791c75_2899_47a8_bfad_fc239aa4dd2d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "QueryLanguage"@en ; + "A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems."@en ; + "SQL, SPARQL"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_29836ff7_d416_49ae_b76b_f367c326b107 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenTopAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_299f6949_6bf2_4ee6_9ec7_fd742881fb27 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GluonType8"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_29afdf54_90ae_4c98_8845_fa9ea3f143a8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DefiningEquation"@en ; + "An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities."@en ; + """The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x)"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_29ce946a_f164_43ea_b9f8_0cb4f1022853 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AntiMuon"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_29d24a97_f3bd_4e9b_934d_9da589f719e5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueBottomAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_29edd972_2e77_4658_8106_01c86b3b10a2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BindingFraction"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362" ; + "10-23.2" ; + "The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2a068ad0_582c_4f50_90d2_89d9e28977c1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerPressureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2a0e5777_348c_475b_adf0_1b1e71a29bc9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PhaseAngle"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01" ; + "3-7" ; + "Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2a0f30f5_bb26_4235_9d67_a6b22aca78e3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MuonAntiNeutrino"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2a67f539_d503_4e98_934e_50d4a9ae6cfd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreicElectricCharge"@en , + "SurfaceChargeDensity"@en ; + "SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08" ; + "6-4" ; + "The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."""@en ; + "Objective"@en ; + "A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2a971203_58d5_4039_98ce_be7eafb2b14f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MolecularPartitionFunction"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064" ; + "9-35.4" ; + "Partition function of a molecule."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2ae37adf_07f2_4920_8ec6_084c69761e34 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AbsoluteActivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155" ; + "9-18" ; + "The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature."@en ; + "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2b0a1578_ae70_4cd1_940d_54d9c220d8f7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MobilityRatio"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255" ; + "12-31" ; + "Quotient of electron and hole mobility."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2b1303e8_d4c3_453b_9918_76f1d009543f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "*" + ] ; + "Multiplication"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2b1fb71c_0eb0_445c_9be7_fb5d30ae79fd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MixedTiling"@en ; + "A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2b4783a6_36ad_48c8_8f5d_fe7c05ad298b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2020"@en ; + "Forming"@en , + "Umformen"@de ; + "ReshapeManufacturing"@en ; + "A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed."@en ; + "The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en ; + "ReactionSintering"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2b69b940_a4ab_40dc_b565_8daab23e4df2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PhaseSpeed"@en ; + "PhaseVelocity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity" ; + "3-23.1" ; + "For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products" , + "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way." , + "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes." , + "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process" , + "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective" ; + "ProductionEngineeringProcess"@en ; + "TechnologyProcess"@en ; + "Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose." . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2bf617c6_e57b_430b_9f37_fcf2cfda719e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SandMolds"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2c224eb4_cb86_44a4_a067_8969ead598d7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerLengthTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2c33f59a_fbeb_445e_aea9_8b05738b5f8b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GFactorOfAtom"@en ; + "LandeFactor" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684" ; + "10-14.1" ; + "Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2c9f993c_5b30_40a5_a471_808f7eb719db + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ActivePower"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42" ; + "6-56" ; + "Average power over a period."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2ce04004_62cf_4394_b6a2_b45fce1aebfe + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ISO80000Categorised"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] ; + "Collection"@en ; + """A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be."""@en ; + "The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities."@en ; + "The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedTarget [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] ; + "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ; + "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2d66cf6d_9396_40c8_bb82_324ab19067ce + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountPerMassPressureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2d72e38c_d587_437f_98f6_f2718fb130eb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Declarer"@en ; + "An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention."@en ; + "A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle)." , + "Someone who assigns a name to an object." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2da7408f_d389_4245_887d_a1743b81a9b6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AccelerationUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2dd512a1_5187_47cc_b0b8_141214e22b59 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "SolidSolidSuspension"@en ; + "A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase."@en ; + "Granite, sand, dried concrete."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2e19759a_b728_4a42_8a0c_5e6c57ea4811 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "DissociationConstant"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10"@en ; + "ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "WellFormedTile"@en ; + "SpatioTemporalTile" ; + . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2e6c62da_2836_42c1_b2f9_dd801eef5992 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NeutronNumber"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34" ; + "10-1.2" ; + "Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus."@en ; + "Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2e7e5796_4a80_4d73_bb84_f31138446c0c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricPotentialUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2ed364b1_affe_4711_a83f_74bfd57b94ad + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ActivityOfSolvent"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193" ; + "9-27.1" ; + "For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2f31340f_59ca_4a57_8513_269837af3796 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthTimePerMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2fb9b3ca_a3ba_4176_b9dc_ce5449286195 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LongRangeOrderParameter"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124" ; + "12-5.2" ; + "Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2fd3f574_5e93_47fe_afca_ed80b0a21ab4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + rdfs:comment "A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing."@en ; + "StandaloneAtom"@en ; + "An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2ff07b07_c447_490f_903a_f6a72a12d7bf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Shape3Vector"@en ; + "A real vector with 3 elements."@en ; + "The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_30261696_a8a4_44ce_9bf5_b18201a83c76 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerQuarticTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3086e6a8_edd9_4592_b33c_66d818835951 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Flanging"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_30e3edb5_0977_4b9b_9aed_5a4d16c1c07c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Electroplating"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_311ba558_6444_4de1_9c68_5009b9dfb80c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GluonType1"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_314d0bd5_67ed_437e_a609_36d46147cea7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist"@en ; + "PhysicalPhenomenon"@en ; + "A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Sol"@en ; + "A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3181bb28_623b_4411_ad79_80277c661322 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_31b393c5_4cfe_4ad4_a9a4_0eafcb7fbd1a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "IonDensity"@en ; + "IonNumberDensity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218" ; + "10-62.2" ; + "Number of ions per volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_31ec09ba_1713_42cb_83c7_b38bf6f9ced2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Energy is often defined as \"ability of a system to perform work\", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work."@en ; + "Energy"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy" ; + "5-20-1" ; + "A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_321af35f_f0cc_4a5c_b4fe_8c2c0303fb0c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricConductanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; + """Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_322ce14e_9ede_4841_ad70_302b4d6c5f28 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "InternalStep"@en ; + "A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_326e7731_76c5_402d_a041_c9b48a736963 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FormingFromIonised"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3275b6e9_05f1_4912_954f_7d64ac12b2d2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ScalarMeson"@en ; + "A meson with spin zero and even parity."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_32dcd601_47c7_4028_b7fa_5e972ae57f12 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Radius"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25"@en ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius" ; + "3-1.6" ; + "Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_32e701c0_a925_49df_9829_0931b8554807 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Structural"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_32f55395_8b94_40de_a103_bffa5c121d98 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ParticulateMatter"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_33433bb1_c68f_45ee_a466_f01e2c57b214 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3371fb68_5f07_467c_ada6_5aa3da3808d0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3397f270_dfc1_4500_8f6f_4d0d85ac5f71 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "ChemicalSubstance"@en ; + "Molecule"@en ; + "An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons."@en ; + "H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄"@en ; + """An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class."""@en , + """This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant)."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_33b6c84d_e139_418c_8f8c_f1d45f94df46 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermalResistivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_33e0ac8b_a318_4285_b1de_e95347784632 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "SolidLiquidSuspension"@en ; + "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_340ec9c3_7b0a_4169_a739_6f9242517ff4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture"@en ; + "StandardAbsoluteActivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159" ; + "9-23" ; + "For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3434b127_1820_43a7_9e13_b96f25e66ee8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ActivityCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224" ; + "9-25" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_348d39f7_6a17_49d1_9860_9b33b69b51de + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SourceCode"@en ; + "A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do."@en ; + "A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions."@en , + "Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters)."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters)."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_34bdb169_90da_4d38_a351_647071804e5d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BetaDisintegrationEnergy"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340" ; + "10-34" ; + "Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3528547f_cefe_4f24_bc46_936b39f711eb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermomechanicalTreatment"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3532cc67_472a_4227_96f4_04b93146cec3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassAreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_359312ca_1d9d_4765_b20b_28d9f45d77e7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricResistivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional."@en ; + "Conventional"@en ; + "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Description"@en ; + "A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description."@en ; + "A biography."@en , + "A sentence about some object, depticting its properties."@en ; + "A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35e1dd93_2cb6_4cea_b201_31036e113f61 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SolidAngle"@en ; + "SolidAngularMeasure"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle" ; + "3-8" ; + "Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_360adeca_9eee_4bb9_a5ca_728756c1ed4a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3657c87f_ee9a_41fd_9dd0_97fb524dba1a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ThermalUtilizationFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650" ; + "10-76" ; + "In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Deducer"@en ; + "An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity."@en ; + "Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression." , + "Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36a9bf69_483b_42fd_8a0c_7ac9206320bc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "C"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself."""@en , + "The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole."@en ; + "MereologicalState"@en ; + "Arrangement"@en ; + "A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts."@en ; + """e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e03182_1be9_497c_bb71_e26fbb9160d2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_375aaa5a_998f_4626_83e0_c7d7e52a6565 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ChipboardManufacturing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_376d013c_b703_40dc_bd8d_23145dfed2e3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MeanMassRange"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670" ; + "10-57" ; + "Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3789d3c5_77f4_456e_b7ed_40e670f47e52 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "RotationalFrequency"@en ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42" ; + "3-17.2" ; + "Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_37f1613c_c905_4cce_bcf4_ef0964c19e5d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324" ; + "10-13.3" ; + "Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_381b6a6e_6e8e_461a_8591_d7a60e823d4d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "BlowMolding"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_385de036_637c_48fa_b6d5_5dca6f79d350 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PrincipalQuantumNumber" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448" ; + "10-13.2" ; + "Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_387b0334_aff8_4b3f_9062_8ad051f72e91 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedBottomQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_38a53b33_0eda_45fd_b955_69d2f0d3f9de + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "SecondPolarMomentOfArea"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30" ; + "4-21.2" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "PhysicalObject"@en ; + "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; + """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; + "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_38d00e5f_d759_4dcc_8551_ab95865cf799 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PseudovectorMeson"@en ; + "A meson with total spin 1 and even parit."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_38d65ffa_353f_4820_8781_ff986b63e517 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc."@en ; + "Solubility"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15" ; + "The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_39348191_08fd_4bb6_9b1e_012d5b2f1ff6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ClassicallyDefinedMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_394390c8_7b29_4c0a_9104_2d2bc8780138 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "LorenzNumber"@en ; + "LorenzCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754" ; + "12-18" ; + "Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3967de47_343f_4bab_aada_b4bec73d11da + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "InspectionDevice"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_399426d1_c4cc_414c_806f_47096c72d634 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LinearExpansionCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27" ; + "5-3.1" ; + "Relative change of length per change of temperature."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3995e22d_5720_4dcf_ba3b_d0ce03f514c6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "Gel"@en ; + "A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3997e1f5_f478_4572_a030_4b8e7e5cc63a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ConfigurationLanguage"@en ; + "A construction language used to write configuration files."@en ; + ".ini files"@en , + "Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_39a4e2a4_d835_426d_b497_182d06e1caff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "IndexSemiosis"@en ; + "Deduction"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress." , + "lasciano tensioni residue di compressione" ; + "Druckumformen" ; + "CompressiveForming"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3a5b4cf3_08d7_4107_be20_cdd0ef7fc73c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ChemicalAffinity"@en ; + "AffinityOfAChemicalReaction"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783" ; + "9-30" ; + "Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds." ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3a6578ac_aee0_43b9_9bc6_1eb208c8c9a9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Porosity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32" ; + "Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3a713a3d_dee2_4acd_bc30_5d2b23f605cd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointWith , + ; + "ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200" ; + "12-36.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3a948fa6_033a_4bb2_a319_36a45741d832 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Tau"@en ; + "The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle)" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3ab4154b_d163_4236_8251_8917b07c2788 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueTopQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3ab914c1_5d8d_4a6e_804b_84aa89623c48 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ConstructionLanguage"@en ; + "A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3b031fa9_8623_4ea5_8b57_bcafb70c5c8b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "App"@en , + "Application"@en ; + "ApplicationProgram"@en ; + "A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures."@en ; + "Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Observation"@en ; + "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; + "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3b1b64d1_60c9_4689_a300_eb9cd56e368b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3b246b97_b2d1_4e6b_8d3f_669ebd4ddbd6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RelativeMassExcess"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610" ; + "10-22.1" ; + "Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3b586409_b05e_4129_ab40_93768eef503f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointWith ; + rdfs:comment "Written as pOH"@en ; + "POH"@en ; + """number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-)"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3b931698_937e_49be_ab1b_36fa52d91181 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MagneticFlux"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux" ; + "6-22.1" ; + "Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3c424d37_cf62_41b1_ac9d_a316f8d113d6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AlgebricOperator"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3c5b33a1_4f28_41f9_b725_1994df79bf55 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ApplicationSpecificScript"@en ; + "A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context." ; + "Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PrecipitationHardening"@en ; + "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution" . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3c947caf_4070_4c79_a3a3_e53274ac9944 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "InvariantMass"@en , + "ProperMass"@en ; + "RestMass"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity" ; + "10-2" ; + "For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3cae45cc_3b57_469c_a695_713735886f31 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ElectronAffinity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22" ; + "12-25" ; + "energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3cb27225_df45_4616_aa3b_32dba383524c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed"""@en ; + "LiquidPhaseSintering"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3cb55500_dc5b_4586_bbf3_1d4158afac35 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EntropyPerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3d254432_6f8f_4a6d_9eb3_4ab54388171b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3d54c1e7_69d6_4736_92ff_595f31109f2a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RelativeDensity"@en ; + "RelativeMassDensity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08" ; + "4-4"@en ; + "Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3d77504a_a1fe_485f_aabb_6750598fe1ea + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "AtomicPhysicsCrossSection"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025" ; + "10-38.1" ; + "Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3df10765_f6ff_4c9e_be3d_10b1809d78bd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "DoseEquivalent"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent" ; + "10-83.1" ; + "A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3df1408c_df34_4037_8584_c25f854bb346 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperatureTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3e1a8604_8d5a_470d_bb4a_865c65728986 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "UnifiedAtomicMassConstant" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23" ; + "10-4.3" ; + "1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective."""@en ; + "EncodedVariation"@en ; + "EncodedData"@en ; + "A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule."@en ; + """A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names)."""@en , + "A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM."@en ; + """We call \"decoding\" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call \"interpreting\" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; + "https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data"^^xsd:anyURI . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget """We call \"decoding\" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call \"interpreting\" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; + "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3eb993a1_61ae_4a20_b168_dda853f51c14 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SystemUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en ; + "Loose-powderSintering"@en , + "PressurelessSintering"@en ; + "GravitySintering"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3ecff38b_b3cf_4a78_b49f_8580abf8715b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EntropyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3ee80521_3c23_4dd1_935d_9d522614a3e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects."@en ; + "SpecialUnit"@en ; + "A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit."@en ; + """Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3ef37f82_cd1a_4d49_ace1_83b17487c8e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MagneticAreaMoment"@en ; + "MagneticMoment"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49" ; + "6-23" ; + "A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MeasuredConstant"@en ; + "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3f2a669c_101b_428e_9cfc_0157986c36d5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BohrRadius" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571" ; + "10-6" ; + "Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3f7feefd_ac94_4208_8dfd_92bb50be30f3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "EffectiveMass"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434" ; + "12-30" ; + "The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3f97cf06_fde4_4c2d_b867_d7983228a1ff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointWith , + , + ; + "ParticleConcentration"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574" ; + "9-9.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Quantum"@en ; + """A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions."""@en ; + "The class of entities without proper parts."@en ; + "The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities."@en ; + """From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity."""@en ; + "A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; + "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3fe66e46_9343_4a36_b101_a732ad5f4f76 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4000d06d_8594_4263_ba72_5d9440b66c5e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LuminanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4007522b_7ab7_4855_acd2_e99e2a0690b6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerLengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4024a7f8_2991_4d80_bcc9_63705aa0c750 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Displacement"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry)" ; + "3-1.11" ; + "vector quantity between any two points in space"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry)" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4091d5ec_a4df_42b9_a073_9a090839279f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system."@en ; + "Enthalpy"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy" ; + "5.20-3" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_40923aa2_c600_44e4_8af8_80260ba25ab2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LarmonFrequency"@en ; + "10-15.2" ; + "Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_40989212_4866_41c0_8a20_84fd39540f29 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers."@en ; + "SolubilityProductConstant"@en ; + "SolubilityProduct"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23" ; + "product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_40a1d85c_bcfe_48aa_89a2_79e8a8c82af1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ElectronDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05" ; + "12-29.1" ; + "Number of electrons in conduction band per volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_40e18c93_a1b5_49ff_b06a_d9d932d1fb65 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Emulsion"@en ; + "An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture)."@en ; + "Mayonnaise, milk."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)." ; + "Schrauben" ; + "Screwing"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_41efdf5d_0c9c_4ea0_bb65_f8236e663be5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NumberOfEntities"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09" ; + "9-1" ; + "Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Material"@en ; + "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; + "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en , + "Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_421167c0_1ea5_405f_970f_a41e9cb308f9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Namer"@en ; + "An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_42185fe7_122c_4e0c_a3cd_659d3e21c389 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LiquidGasSuspension"@en ; + "A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase."@en ; + "Sparkling water"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Job"@en ; + "Task"@en ; + "A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow."@en ; + """A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43003c86_9d15_433b_9789_ee2940920656 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Thickness"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24"@en ; + "3-1.4" ; + "Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4312cae4_03ba_457e_b35d_0671a7db350c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PositionVector"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry)" ; + "3-1.10" ; + "Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry)" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_431ce3bc_3d54_481d_a10d_7c4a4418732a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_432192c4_111f_4e80_b7cd_c6ce1c1129ea + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Spacing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4354ac74_7425_43ab_92e4_6dc19d1afee9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LiquidSol"@en ; + "A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43776fc9_d712_4571_85f0_72183678039a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Product of mass and velocity."@en ; + "Momentum"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum" ; + "4-8" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43a4e80d_6ae9_45ed_8cfb_fd0a5339bf87 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "FundamentalInteraction"@en ; + """A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental)."""@en ; + "A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system."@en ; + "A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43b349fc_c7ed_480d_b0ca_9db84b700813 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ThermalTransmittance"@en ; + "CoefficientOfHeatTransfer"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39" ; + "5-10.1" ; + "At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43e499a1_ca67_4380_ac08_cfc52a93ad04 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FrequencyPerVolumeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; + "Occurrent"@en , + "Perdurant"@en ; + "Process"@en ; + "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en ; + "A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_442bd91e_a724_4e9f_89c1_18423016fb75 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + , + ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "MetricPrefix"@en ; + "Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_444de087_cecb_4b21_a24c_529aa31e0f4a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ParticleEmissionRate"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151" ; + "10-36" ; + "Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4456a5d2_16a6_4ee1_9a8e_5c75956b28ea + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ContinuumModel"@en ; + "A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_445d186f_1896_4752_8940_384f98440cfe + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "StaticFriction"@en ; + "StaticFrictionForce"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568" ; + "4-9.3" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_44afb828_82bf_4091_a7a0_7c80ec47281d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02" ; + "10-70" ; + "Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_44da6d75_54a4_4aa8_bd3a_156f6e9abb8e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC"""@en , + """Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3"""@en ; + "Position"@en ; + "PositionVector"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector" ; + "Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_44ddbe46_0112_4185_b595_132866e902da + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthTimeTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_44f91d47_3faf_48e2_844c_d44bbe3e22f6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface." ; + "Fräsen" ; + "Milling"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-3:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_44fc8c60_7a9c_49af_a046_e1878c88862c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The rest mass of an electron."@en ; + "ElectronMass"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4588526f_8553_4f4d_aa73_a483e88d599b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NeutralAtom"@en ; + "A standalone atom that has no net charge."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_45fec702_54cb_4508_b47e_bdc581229e22 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "da una forma non propria ad una forma propria" ; + "FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece"@en ; + "From Powder, from liquid, from gas" , + """Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size""" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer."@en , + "A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity."@en ; + "Measurement"@en ; + "An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure."@en ; + "measurement"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_46406907_9afd_424e_934a_a523f9f9cc36 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MolecularConcentration"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973" ; + "9-9.2" ; + "Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_46b8d239_5d79_4d3e_bf8e_228d52fc3428 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "StandardConcentration"@en , + "StandardMolarConcentration"@en ; + "StandardAmountConcentration"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689" ; + "Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3."@en ; + "9-12.2" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_46d5643b_9706_4b67_8bea_ed77d6026539 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "-" + ] ; + "Minus"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Verfestigen durch Umformen" ; + "HardeningByForming"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)." ; + "Umformstrahlen" ; + "FormingBlasting"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_470697b1_a5bd_44b9_b00d_a77c9bcfb066 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenStrangeQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Elaboration"@en , + "Work"@en ; + "Procedure"@en ; + "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; + "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en ; + """The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm."""@en ; + "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Procedure"@en ; + "From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”)."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_476cb776_8219_418d_92e8_2fe04b1fe5cf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CarnotEfficiency"@en ; + "MaximumEfficiency"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862" ; + "5-25.2" ; + "Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_477042ef_3173_49b2_a264_0e3270733f8c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CoherenceLength"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793" ; + "12-38.2" ; + "Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes." , + "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )." , + "In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass." , + "It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid" , + "Object that is processed with a machine" , + "Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product" , + "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations." , + "They are not powders or threads" , + "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation" , + "fili e polveri non sono compresi" , + "it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape." , + "it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape" , + "powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them" ; + "Werkstück" ; + "WorkPiece"@en ; + "A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed." . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece" + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_47bf3513_4ae6_4858_9c45_76e23230d68d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ConventionalSemiosis"@en ; + "Declaration"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_47eea65c_e6ce_4c95_9406_fdb1519abc87 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Hot-dipGalvanizing"@en ; + "HotDipGalvanizing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_47f2da35_3b01_4290_964a_589c593e85c6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "PlanckFunction"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25" ; + "5-23" ; + "Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_47fe2379_be21_48d1_9ede_402f0faf494b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LiquidLiquidSuspension"@en ; + "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4817e479_e401_437e_a49b_54540b93d2a1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaPerMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_48540672_f1ee_4848_982f_0cd5ec396a84 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "VolumicElectromagneticEnergy"@en ; + "ElectromagneticEnergyDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65" ; + "6-33" ; + "Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density)"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_485720e7_b24a_4149_86eb_9985b2bea4da + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DebyeWallerFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587" ; + "12-8" ; + "Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_48a3c106_9d39_455e_a849_81ceff95bdea + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaTimeTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_48f00c52_8d3d_4e80_8d88_59fabaa01d87 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricFluxUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Perspective"@en ; + "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; + """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Perspective"@en ; + "From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Equipment"@en , + "Machine"@en ; + "Device"@en ; + "An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; + "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; + "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Device"@en ; + "From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\"."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SubProcess"@en ; + "A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; + "Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being."@en ; + """In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Spray"@en ; + "A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Estimator"@en ; + "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + + + + + ) ; + rdfs:comment "Suspensions show no significant effect on light."@en ; + "Suspension"@en ; + "An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4a465306_cb91_4458_a94a_2d0584d9aa95 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenUpAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4b2c223f_89fb_4407_b1b6_24774b7fe770 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermalTransmittanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4b32fc1e_5293_4247_9e8d_1175df9f1c0b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "StrictFundamental"@en ; + "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4b3e2374_52a1_4420_8e3f_3ae6b9bf7dff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LiquidSolution"@en ; + "A liquid solution made of two or more component substances."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4b77c8ac_6d0e_456a_af41_ce43601b28b7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ContinuousCasting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4bb03d40_78d2_45a4_9cb0_4336c9fc3b70 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CausallHairedSystem"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4bc29b0f_8fcc_4026_a291_f9774a66d9b8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y)."@en ; + "FunctionDefinition"@en ; + "MathematicalFunction"@en ; + "A function defined using functional notation."@en ; + "y = f(x)"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4c151909_6f26_4ef9_b43d_7c9e9514883a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PotentialEnergy"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy" ; + "4-28.1" ; + "The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4c1f58cd_6e2c_48fb_8098_1cbb762abb05 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MetallicMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Plasma"@en ; + "A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4c3ccf65_0950_4328_b04b_91d1eaa14681 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "ThermalDiffusionFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629" ; + "9-40.2" ; + "Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4c49ab58_a6f6_409e_b849_f873ae1dcbee + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticFluxUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4cc06415_9c11_4071_b732_fd05ad750f07 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueUpAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4cdec724_8ed2_4e8e_b145_260a828bb1ed + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MassDefect"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126" ; + "10-21.2" ; + "Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Numerical"@en ; + "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpatialTile"@en ; + "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4d2ca841_6cb1_4710_a756_5b989746bca2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository."@en ; + "MachineCell"@en ; + "A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4d5053a7_273e_495b_8098_5aa5c0f3f925 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "InjectionMolding"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4d548993_7a73_4cb1_a125_d417014b571e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MigrationArea"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325" ; + "10-72.3" ; + "Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4d604a13_d1f6_42fd_818f_d3138d5e308c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Vapor"@en ; + "A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4dae1cac_d61a_4abb_8f74_2568b7f2d6d7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "WNegativeBoson"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4db96fb7_e9e0_466d_942b_f6f17bfdc145 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "BinaryData"@en ; + "DigitalData"@en ; + "Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4dbe2b16_3e84_4049_898d_eb89bcc925a2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricChargePerMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4e099d7e_f624_4761_aff6_2ee6c63b8d2d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DropForging"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4e36a0b8_e6c7_456e_bef5_c830e3c0ed17 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "AntiElectronType"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4e6c4c25_e937_40d5_9cd1_0f3b740cc0a8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FormingFromGas"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4eb4cb62_10e3_41ef_9226_a53462d52357 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GluonType4"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4ef8c0e4_1b0b_4699_a135_8c89ca289802 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ElectricDisplacement"@en ; + "ElectricFluxDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40" ; + "6-12" ; + "Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "HolisticPart"@en , + "Part"@en ; + "Role"@en ; + "An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part."@en ; + """In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes)."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Part"@en ; + "From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Role"@en ; + "From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4f245147_f072_4431_b535_6241e8e87eb8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperaturePerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; + "An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object."@en ; + "A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object."@en , + "Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance"@en , + "MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow."@en ; + "An icon that focus on HOW the object works."@en , + "The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart)."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; + "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4f2d3939_91b1_4001_b8ab_7d19074bf845 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient.""" ; + "ElectroStaticPotential"@en ; + "ElectricPotential"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential" ; + "6-11.1" ; + "Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)." ; + "Nageln" ; + "Nailing"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4f5c7c54_1c63_4d17_b12b_ea0792c2b187 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpeedUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4f75924f_782d_4a9d_995f_43ae968fe5e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LeakageFactor"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42" ; + "6-42.2" ; + "One minus the square of the coupling factor"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4fb35ebc_0f3f_4cda_b181_a5334bc2b114 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ComplexAdmittance"@en ; + "Admittance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance" ; + "6-52.1" ; + "Inverse of the impendance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4fdf946a_9c40_4d71_80ab_e4221ff6a534 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EnergyTimePerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_501f9b3a_c469_48f7_9281_2e6a8d805d7a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AngularMomentumUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemporalTile"@en ; + "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_506cb971_797d_4cfb_88c3_3020c4396365 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedUpQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_506f7823_52bc_40cb_be07_b3b1e10cce13 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system."@en ; + "LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation"@en ; + "The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5073dc80_aec2_4a3b_8057_fababfcbfe11 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticDipoleMomentUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50781fd9_a9e4_46ad_b7be_4500371d188d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Nucleon"@en ; + "Either a proton or a neutron."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50967f46_51f9_462a_b1e4_e63365b4a184 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Heteronuclear"@en ; + "A molecule composed of more than one element type."@en ; + "Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50a3552e_859a_4ff7_946d_76d537cabce6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:complementOf + ] + ] ; + "MetrologicalSymbol"@en ; + "A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50a44256_9dc5_434b_bad4_74a4d9a29989 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Pressure"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure" ; + "4-14.1" ; + "The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50afa1a9_2c4e_40fd_aa93_0e33511f1f27 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CausalInteraction"@en ; + "A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50b91f00_d1b3_4638_ab1e_8f982a37621a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AcousticQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50bf79a6_a48b_424d_9d2c_813bd631231a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "LuminousIntensity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity" ; + "7-14" ; + "A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Datum"@en ; + "A self-consistent encoded data entity."@en ; + "A character, a bit, a song in a CD."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50dbbf9a_ed96_486f_99f6_d8ba78a0047c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "BulkModulus"@en ; + "ModulusOfCompression"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69" ; + "4-19.3" ; + "Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "String"@en ; + "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en ; + """The word \"cat\" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. + +In this example the 'symbolic' entity \"cat\" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that \"cat\" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat."""@en ; + "A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list)."@en , + "A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5117c5fe_f661_46f8_83c3_b48947f1532a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RestEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17" ; + "10-3" ; + "Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum."@en ; + """E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum."""@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_515b5579_d526_4842_9e6f_ecc34db6f368 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FrequencyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_51645022_3a21_4fa9_a9ce_a795eebbeca7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task."@en ; + "Command"@en ; + "From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`."@en ; + "A command must be interpretable by the computer system."@en , + "Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5186b2e6_f34f_46ee_b08e_ec517a1f43d2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ParticlePositionVector"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324" ; + "12-7.1" ; + "Position vector of a particle."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_51acadf5_b874_46c1_9707_24e25e2b89ff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PowerFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46" ; + "6-58" ; + "Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_51c4190e_dc9a_4292_968c_b36f7fb68912 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254" ; + "10-65" ; + "Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_51e72318_0e25_42e8_b066_42aa69dc6e5e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpecificHelmholtzEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554" ; + "5-21.4" ; + "Helmholtz energy per unit mass."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_51f1ba0d_e92b_4be2_9a9d_4640b16ac7ed + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Resource"@en ; + "SystemResource"@en ; + "Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). + +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. + +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. + +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron."""@en , + """An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality."""@en , + """Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s."""@en ; + owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean ; + "Existent"@en ; + "A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; + "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_523f4260_31df_4967_84a6_218fd7d503b1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "QuantumAnnihilation"@en ; + "A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5273677c_1cf3_4ae1_b73e_98df6fe9cfa9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "HalfValueThickness"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34" ; + "10-53" ; + "Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5293c41e_4bbf_4aaa_8479_efd0737a0e8d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "UpAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_52b029aa_e525_4907_95d8_759298b04f97 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerTimeMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_52ba3876_b51e_4670_a6f2_ce726abc2d3d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MechanicalMobilityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_52bbaaee_1145_4be3_8a5c_b366851ea1b9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Assembled"@en ; + "A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_52f7d4e5_b4aa_4e11_9205_71e42eea13b3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MeanLifeTime"@en ; + "MeanDurationOfLife"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime" , + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47" ; + "10-25" ; + "Reciprocal of the decay constant λ."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_535021bf_d490_416a_9855_b918cf96c115 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PartialPressure"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165" ; + "9-19" ; + "Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_535d75a4_1972_40bc_88c6_ca566386934f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "=" + ] ; + "Equals"@en ; + "The equals symbol."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_53935db0_af45_4426_b9e9_244a0d77db00 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MesoscopicModel"@en ; + "A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_539d8d92_d3a5_4f46_858f_081fed5b4190 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PowerDensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_53b10105_52c7_4746_ab73_a5a30bd198e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_53bd0c90_41c3_46e2_8779_cd2a80f7e18b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PressureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_53dced52_34f6_4cf0_8a99_ddf451861543 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointWith ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "Fermion"@en ; + "A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_53dd6f2a_f9de_4f83_b925_1bf39a4ab9a6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Ruby"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_53e825d9_1a09_483c_baa7_37501ebfbe1c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ForceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_54dc83cb_06e1_4739_9e45_bc09cead7f48 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom xsd:boolean + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom xsd:boolean + ] ; + "Boolean"@en ; + "A boolean number."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions." ; + "Mathematical"@en ; + "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5574a8ed_5094_4d63_8d95_1c19cfd38409 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RelativeLinearStrain"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58" ; + "4-17.2" ; + "Relative change of length with respect the original length."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_55ffe612_cf43_4b9b_a4e1_6aeb0c59c10c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthPerCubeTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_560d031f_cc8a_4f0d_a52b_039149fdc171 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SuperconductorEnergyGap"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28" ; + "12-37" ; + "Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "Aerosol"@en ; + "A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_566321d8_1600_4ab0_a5da_7f99dce2b1db + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "PoyntingVector"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66" ; + "6-34" ; + "Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_56710a21_601b_43bb_88c5_0bd9eca06da2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545" ; + "10-64" ; + "Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_573c7572_e7c7_4909_93a4_2bfe102e389d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Wavelength"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength" ; + "3-19" ; + "Length of the repetition interval of a wave."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_578f7da0_10f8_4fc2_9fd0_79b79f47f975 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_57b9fd6c_84d6_43f2_8c4f_de6a1ab50aea + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "Guess"@en ; + "A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_57ba1bf0_4314_432c_a9bb_6a6720c8dab5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SerialWorkflow"@en ; + "A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso ; + "Lifetime"@en , + "Maximal"@en ; + "Fundamental"@en ; + "A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria."@en ; + """A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. + +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Lifetime"@en ; + "From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Fundamental"@en ; + "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; + "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_581e05bc_a4fe_494a_a85c_f2c4b4374e18 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ElectricFlux"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41" ; + "6-17" ; + "Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5848e476_2768_4988_98f9_9053c532307b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ParallelWorkflow"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_585e0ff0_9429_4d3c_b578_58abb1ba21d1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "InductanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_58a650f0_a638_4743_8439_535a325e5c4c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity."@en ; + "ElementaryCharge"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge" ; + "10-5.1" ; + "The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_58a85e5b_6526_484d_b080_e1059ce9994c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MomentOfIntertia"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21" ; + "4-7" ; + "Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_58b17cac_3125_4486_9b9c_8c45ac254040 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SystemProgram"@en ; + "System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function."@en ; + "An operating system. A graphic driver."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_58c08428_03e2_446d_85e1_f94cc6682e2b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NuclidicMass" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809" ; + "10-4.2" ; + "Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_58c5b65c_c896_4740_80d9_ff9a7643c7e8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_59197cce_b8b6_4216_a08d_26fb83c032af + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ReciprocalMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_592b1d98_4736_4cac_9b62_849b8dbe11c7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ProcessEngineeringProcess"@en ; + """Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process."""@en ; + "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_593ecc7c_250d_4e4d_8957_0170f3cc2154 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RelativePermeability"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29" ; + "6-27" ; + "Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_59809abc_d206_4015_9836_9d3a32460586 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LogarithmicDecrement"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25" ; + "3-25" ; + "Product of damping coefficient and period duration."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a0f35b8_d18e_4570_a94e_ee84b13bb7bc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "InfiniteMultiplicationFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487" ; + "10-78.2" ; + "In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EnvironmentalData"@en ; + "NonEncodedData"@en ; + "Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it."@en ; + "A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star."@en ; + "This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a2af26d_99de_4e5e_b1cd_514be71420c3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Smoke"@en ; + "Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a5cf124_1ece_4b8e_ae63_edc2b5ee573a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a77b7a6_7b16_48cd_8d69_a0c4b9174a3f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueCharmAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5adcbbb9_4325_4c23_ac50_62c77569e9c4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MassicActivity"@en ; + "SpecificActivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43" ; + "10-28" ; + "Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5add9885_dc98_4fa5_8482_fdf9ba5e3889 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "SolidSol"@en ; + "A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5afa28f0_8c9f_4fcd_8f67_805bd2f9c068 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "LinearDensityOfElectricCharge"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09" ; + "6-5" ; + "The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "PhysicalSubstance"@en ; + "Matter"@en ; + """The interpretation of the term \"matter\" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term \"matter\", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term \"matter\". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call \"matter\" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; + "A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts."@en ; + "A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions."@en , + "Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Matter"@en ; + "From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5be83f9c_a4ba_4b9a_be1a_5bfc6e891231 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:complementOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] + ] ; + "MathematicalSymbol"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5be9c137_325a_43d8_b7cd_ea93e7721c2d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GasMixture"@en ; + "GasSolution"@en ; + "A gaseous solution made of more than one component type."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5c003f53_20a2_4bd7_8445_58187e582578 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LuminousEfficacyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5c15f8c4_d2de_47a0_acdd_470b8dda979b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] ; + "IRI"@en ; + "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en ; + "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier"^^xsd:anyURI . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Tool"@en ; + "An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; + "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5c78b424_087b_4e31_8c91_6422f1be1e86 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SourceTension"@en ; + "SourceVoltage"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329" ; + "6-36" ; + "Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5cb107ba_7daa_46dd_8f9f_da22a6eac676 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AqueousSolution"@en ; + "A liquid solution in which the solvent is water."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5cbb7bfb_7ab8_4151_8ed1_13a5b7d5caa4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "VolumeElectricCharge"@en ; + "ElectricChargeDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07" ; + "6-3" ; + "Electric charge per volume."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5cc4e111_3eb1_44a3_9369_5af3846cf605 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PhysicalPhenomena"@en ; + "A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5d2d48c4_4fb6_4f33_bfc0_273129429c30 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountPerMassTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5d34ae8e_182c_49f3_815e_ea675faaaf30 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NeutronYieldPerFission"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909" ; + "10-74.1" ; + "Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5d61057e_d7f1_43e4_98fa_ae04e0cb470a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245" ; + "10-40" ; + "Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5d659e25_a508_43ed_903c_3707c7c7cd4b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NanoMaterial"@en ; + "Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5d7f00a7_0374_4517_b5a8_62b154f33cc6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "EnergyImparted"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34" ; + "10-80.1" ; + "Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5dd63d84_57f5_4b79_b760_fe940c06680d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PhysicsMathematicalComputation"@en ; + "A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct."@en ; + "The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5e00b1db_48fc_445b_82e8_ab0e2255bf52 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MultiParticlePath"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5e26440d_af47_4c30_a1c3_511e4072c617 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ModulusOfAdmittance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52" ; + "6-52.4" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5e5656ef_971e_49e6_a32f_048b6e86c3e0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FormingFromChip"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5e77f00d_5c0a_44e7_baf1_2c2a4cb5b3ae + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "SolidSolution"@en ; + "A solid solution made of two or more component substances."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5ebd5e01_0ed3_49a2_a30d_cd05cbe72978 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Unitless"@en ; + "UnitOne"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS" ; + "Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units."@en ; + """\"The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically.\" + +-- SI Brochure"""@en ; + "Refractive index or volume fraction."@en , + "Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5eedba4d_105b_44d8_b1bc_e33606276ea2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium."@en ; + "RefractiveIndex"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5f04b896_a4fd_4206_b201_0449b6c29289 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "InverseDuration"@en , + "InverseTime"@en , + "ReciprocalTime"@en ; + "ReciprocalDuration"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5f375229_de0c_46bf_b11f_da9d3b742253 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassSquareTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5f89cb0c_3171_47ee_b2ab_027a07c34c4b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PermittivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5fb97c35_1896_4221_bdc1_0028bb80f5d5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MassNumber"@en ; + "NucleonNumber"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number" ; + "10-1.3" ; + "number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5fde0fa1_bbb3_42a9_ac2d_d144771aeb4b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51"@en ; + "5-17.1" ; + "Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_602397bd_e302_42a6_be33_fe67ea81933a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass."@en ; + "Intensive"@en ; + "A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system."@en ; + """Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6074aa9d_7c3b_4011_b45a_4e7cde6f5f39 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "WaveVector"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09" ; + "3-21" ; + "Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_607ccc15_38aa_4a69_a70a_effa8015bf42 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VerfestigendurchWalzen" ; + "HardeningByRolling"@en ; + "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material." . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_608a1b30_df6f_4bbb_9dc3_5c0de92fd9cf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ReciprocalLengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_60d13cae_ea44_4a71_9ca7_ba65f72836a4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ElectronAntiNeutrino"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6110af0a_bc82_4c9e_aa4b_b45d08d9c9e0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "EquilibriumPositionVector"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477" ; + "12-7.2" ; + "In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_614c1bd9_93df_4248_861c_44b86d854739 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TotalCurrent"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45" ; + "6-19.2" ; + "Sum of electric current and displacement current"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze" , + "Tieftemperaturbehandeln" ; + "DeepFreezing"@en ; + "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite" . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_61a32ae9_8200_473a_bd55_59a9899996f4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant."@en , + "The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum."@en ; + "PermittivityOfVacuum"@en ; + "VacuumElectricPermittivity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum" ; + "6-14.1" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_61eec472_f9af_4861_bedd_d741f022a7e5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerLengthTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_621607ae_90ef_4f48_845e_3b53091a9340 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ActiveEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57"@en , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19" ; + "6-62" ; + "The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_62273272_4cec_4168_bc7b_448f57feaba6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointWith ; + rdfs:comment "The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent."@en ; + "RelativeHumidity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65"@en ; + "5-33" ; + "Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_624d72ee_e676_4470_9434_c22b4190d3d5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Work"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work" ; + "Product of force and displacement."@en ; + "4-28.4" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_62824128_35bd_45c4_9516_23f3f24c8332 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "YoungsModulus"@en ; + "ModulusOfElasticity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67" ; + "4-19.1" ; + "Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_64420439_5282_4996_b6e1_2044358ac899 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricPolarization"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425"@en ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37" ; + "6-7" ; + "At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6470bbfa_04a6_4360_9534_1aa18d68329b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "URI"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en ; + "URI = scheme \":\" [\"//\" authority] path [\"?\" query] [\"#\" fragment]"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_64963ed6_39c9_4258_85e0_6466c4b5420c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "Workflow"@en ; + "A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_64aba1e5_24b7_4140_8eb4_676c35698e79 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "C++"@en ; + "CPlusPlus"@en ; + "A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6523cad7_ea54_471c_adb7_e783f824ec09 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FormingFromPlastic"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_65411b3d_c8d3_4111_86a9_a2ce0a64c647 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Executable"@en ; + "Program"@en ; + "A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do."@en ; + "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_658b8bca_203a_49a6_920b_96b5baf5e199 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PowderCoating"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time."@en ; + "HolisticSystem"@en ; + "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_65b794a4_cf52_4d0a_88c4_2c479537b30a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "RecombinationCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47" ; + "10-63" ; + "Coefficient in the law of recombination,"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_65ec122c_b67f_4009_8b16_2df7dfae118a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DebyeAngularFrequency"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986" ; + "12-10" ; + "Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_65efeec4_148f_4843_9954_fe52efff3441 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MassChangeRate"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547" ; + "4-30.3" ; + "Mass increment per time."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MesoscopicSubstance"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_662e94ea_babe_4709_af8f_b669931076bc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GrowingCrystal"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Phase"@en ; + "PhaseOfMatter"@en ; + "A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform."@en ; + """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of \"phase\" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of \"phase\" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_669d2749_bece_460a_b26a_9a909fd8ca4d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Deduced"@en ; + "A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_66bc9029_f473_45ff_bab9_c3509ff37a22 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "CelsiusTemperature"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature" ; + "5-2" ; + """An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures."""@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_66d01570_36dd_42fd_844d_29b81b029cd5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point."@en ; + "AngularMomentum"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum" ; + "4-11" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_66e91d9a_05c1_4906_9731_3f4d8c4f3fd8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6726fbb8_c40a_4b55_a2d5_bf49352d1e73 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_672e2475_8376_4987_82cf_097f0024e74b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant" ; + "StandardEquilibriumConstant"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378" ; + "9-32" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_673433f6_47c6_4c28_ae91_12945488ed10 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Reluctance"@en ; + "MagneticReluctance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28" ; + "6-39" ; + "Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_676a29e6_d4e1_4b54_8961_25947bd20861 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HiggsBoson"@en ; + "An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_67c70dcd_2adf_4e6c_b3f8_f33dd1512487 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EmpiricalSimulationSoftware"@en ; + "A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)." ; + "Gesenkformen" ; + "Moulding"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6837b106_7220_4ec6_b7c9_d549d6163672 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_68390bfb_e307_479d_8f78_d66d8773cb1d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ReactiveMaterial"@en ; + "A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6884600e_5d9b_44b1_9fc5_7d4dc1639e2f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "BohrMagneton" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120" ; + "10-9.2" ; + "Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_68c0e0cd_6afd_4eb7_9dfa_91c2462002c9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "CharmAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_68d094e2_1777_48b5_8e43_32965f824970 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VaporDeposition"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress" ; + "Bending"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_69164f9e_c75d_4fbc_a0f8_af7a81bbd128 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BandgapEnergy"@en ; + "GapEnergy"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16" ; + "12-27.2" ; + "Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6aa04359_50d6_43d7_b3a7_296bd391bf7d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "InverseSquareMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6aad14ae_5ca1_4d19_aa6c_56448ff534b6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "FermiAnglularRepetency"@en ; + "FermiAnglularWaveNumber"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303" ; + "12-9.2" ; + "angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2020"@en ; + "Fügen"@de ; + "JoinManufacturing"@en ; + "A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6b5af5a8_a2d8_4353_a1d6_54c9f778343d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CurieTemperature"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51" ; + "12-35.1" ; + "Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6b8bf0c9_4ec7_452c_bee5_26e5149a4f05 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "JosephsonConstantUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6bae1f5a_1644_4da3_b3e4_0a01171034ad + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458" ; + "9-16" ; + "Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6bcf334d_efeb_49f8_9dd0_dbcbb31514d3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerTemperatureTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6bfe6ad2_96ba_4478_81e5_d8881c550757 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634" ; + "12-36.3" ; + "For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "CausalParticle"@en ; + "The concept is based on the common usage of the word \"particle\", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time."@en ; + "The union of Elementary and Quantum classes."@en ; + "The class of entities that have no spatial structure."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; + "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6c213064_e525_45d4_99cf_afebed8bbddd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "IsothermalConversion"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Colloid"@en ; + "A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably."@en ; + "Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6c739b1a_a774_4416_bb31_1961486fa9ed + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Theorization"@en ; + "Theorisation"@en ; + "The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6cfc5b82_b47b_47bc_bb45_c23c273d2e06 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6d53d04c_07d3_4522_9181_92649ef78f86 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DonorDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886" ; + "12-29.4" ; + "Number of donor levels per volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6d61ee3c_c5b6_4452_bc11_e9c33af992a7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MassFlow"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048" ; + "4-30.1" ; + "At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6d7158f3_7d96_498f_9cf3_31f4798f31c6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SlowingDownArea"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918" ; + "10-72.1" ; + "In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6d753e0c_a967_4de4_ad22_c2fecb3913be + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6de11e9b_8dcb_444b_ba79_1a55130ed0c8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ParticleFluenceRate"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19" ; + "10-44" ; + "Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6e0664f2_4d4d_4407_bf60_e1b3c07198d7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign."""@en ; + "PhysicsEquationSolution"@en ; + "A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object."@en ; + "A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6e5608ec_7768_4764_b052_2254bb5283bb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticQuantumNumber" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727" ; + "10-13.4" ; + "Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6e78433a_dbb9_409a_a7c0_4037f79d4ed8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Uncoded"@en ; + "A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers."@en ; + "A random generated id for a product."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; + "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6eca09be_17e9_445e_abc9_000aa61b7a11 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectronicModel"@en ; + "A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons."@en ; + """Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6ee9304e_54b7_4594_8354_0790138dffb8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Distance is the norm of Displacement."@en ; + "Distance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance" ; + "3-1.8" ; + "Shortest path length between two points in a metric space."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6f4d704a_a7c6_4c07_b8a7_ea0bab04128f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaFractionUnit"@en ; + "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas."@en ; + "Unit for solid angle."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6f55a062_4a3b_4bb7_b2d3_54a4a93ce5cc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "RichardsonConstant"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30" ; + "12-26" ; + "Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign)."""@en ; + "Object"@en ; + "SemioticObject"@en ; + "The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6f76f9bf_feb3_4e27_9bcb_45b5f3526050 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TimePerVolumeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "QuantumData"@en ; + "Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "QuenchingAndTempering" , + "Vergüten" ; + "Tempering"@en ; + "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air." . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6fba4018_24bd_450c_abc3_354e2c7809c9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress." ; + "Zugdruckumformen" ; + "TensileForming"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6fe3d1d5_4107_4a52_b1d0_3b7c4f871159 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "QuantumDecay"@en ; + "A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_700cd058_a54d_4104_97ab_887ad865409e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SecondAxialMomentOfArea"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29" ; + "4-21.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_707f0cd1_941c_4b57_9f20_d0ba30cd6ff3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ArithmeticOperator"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70a1c163_7436_4ce3_9784_3aab0e62b900 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GluonType2"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_716fadba_7ff8_4247_97fc_c6703437c018 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "AntiLepton"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_71a0d05d_4c29_4eae_aff1_fb34b8d36f96 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "EnergyDensityOfStates"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031" ; + "12-16" ; + "Quantity in condensed matter physics."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_71b7346e_5a4a_4b2b_8ac5_d41ecc9c7bfd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ProductionEngineering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_71d1c8f0_c6e3_44b5_a4b6_1b74ff35698a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ContinuumManufacturing"@en ; + "MaterialsProcessing"@en ; + "A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties."@en ; + "Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam."@en ; + "A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_71f6ab56_342c_484b_bbe0_de86b7367cb3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DerivedQuantity"@en ; + "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; + "derived quantity"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_720a469f_a19c_4a88_900c_29b3938f5092 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperaturePerLengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7214db6c_32e3_436f_85a4_24785f0e3714 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SurfaceActivityDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10" ; + "10-30" ; + "Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_721be099_4826_4b51_a78f_542b5728bd74 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DiffusivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_72301c89_4337_48f5_a390_7649c5fad98b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LinkedFlux"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77" ; + "6-22.2" ; + "Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7243633d_96ff_426d_ae44_8a2504e682da + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber."@en ; + "IonicStrength"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24" ; + "9-42" ; + "For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7254c8be_965d_4b3c_b3be_12c5578bee7c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AngularReciprocalLatticeVector"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278" ; + "12-2.1" ; + "Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7286b164_df4c_4c14_a4b5_d41ad9c121f3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + +For example, \"hot\" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as \"hot\", \"warm\", \"cold\", that commonly refer to the perception of heat."""@en , + """Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type."""@en ; + "Coded"@en ; + "A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers."@en ; + "A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author."@en , + "The name \"red\" that stands for the color of an object."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_72d53756_7fb1_46ed_980f_83f47efbe105 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) , + ( + + ) ; + "Quark"@en ; + "The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_73aa05b8_51be_4863_bb0b_35845ac9362b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedStrangeAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_73be8825_e9a7_41d0_956e_b58060e5d5ac + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other." , + "Non la metterei" , + "Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation)." ; + "FreeForming"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_748ff828_763b_4290_adb9_e05376d4136a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630" ; + "10-39" ; + "Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_74a096dd_cc83_4c7e_b704_0541620ff18d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticPolarisation"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54" ; + "6-29" ; + "Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_74b05aed_66bf_43c8_aa2c_752a9ca8be03 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Numeral"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_74cfc811_6e04_4fe4_aea5_6a5cc09f6571 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DebyeTemperature"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821" ; + "12-11" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_74fd4dfc_a59e_4f66_8822_7fc3ad8a0664 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + + + ) ; + "RedAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Liquid"@en ; + "A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_754c3a5d_8ae8_41ff_b5f2_acbadb53c735 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "RichardsonConstantUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_755eaac8_735e_438c_8c19_a8b5e6a81728 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "RapidPrototyping"@en ; + "Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_75fe4fd1_0f7e_429b_b91d_59d248561bae + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NaturalMaterial"@en ; + "A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7610efb8_c7c6_4684_abc1_774783c62472 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricResistanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_76267214_2137_4909_83a4_0b815a62cbc3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenTopQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_76acb5d8_5ab8_484b_8354_7f7612f39c17 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DebyeAngluarRepetency"@en ; + "DebyeAngularWaveNumber"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370" ; + "12-9.3" ; + "Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_76cc4efc_231e_42b4_be83_2547681caed6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PlanckConstant"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant" ; + "The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7773f63a_cd7c_4393_b36b_cd1b8a71565a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + + + + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FirstGenerationFermion"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_77c53503_48b5_4811_a1a5_6bb4425e0bbf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "AngularAcceleration"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration" ; + "3-13" ; + "vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_77e2e601_5ecb_450b_b563_92f096997832 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SolidMixture"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_77e9dc31_5b19_463e_b000_44c6e79f98aa + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_78284835_f4ed_4a7c_914f_a7fdb460ed8e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FormingJoin"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_78487bf1_c0bc_4db8_99dd_d8b7cc8b3bac + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AngularFrequencyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7855043d_a466_4585_97a9_b9fe4ce0c12d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaSquareTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_793f3567_b351_42ef_a1d4_5111d53999c4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthPerTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_79575941_45dc_4f15_bb59_dc04dff2c92d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TransferMolding"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_79751276_b2d0_4e2f_bbd4_99d412f43d55 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants" ; + "CategorizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; + "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_79a02de5_b884_4eab_bc18_f67997d597a2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied."@en ; + "Impedance" ; + "ElectricImpedance"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43" ; + "6-51.1"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_79aad3fb_2e01_4626_8369_4e914893aa6d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Broadcast"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7b09c6b8_d120_4518_9b66_3b1139e0aa66 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ApparentPower"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41" ; + "6-57" ; + "RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7b42954f_0b91_4b3a_a65e_2470202cf548 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "Hadron"@en ; + "Particles composed of two or more quarks."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "SingleParticleChain"@en ; + "ElementaryParticle"@en ; + "An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only."@en ; + "A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; + "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7c055d65_2929_40e1_af4f_4bf10995ad50 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture."@en ; + "MassFraction"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction" ; + "9-11" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7c8007b0_58a7_4486_bf1c_4772852caca0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through."@en ; + "AreicElectricCurrent"@en , + "CurrentDensity"@en ; + "ElectricCurrentDensity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11" ; + "6-8" ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Hardening"@en ; + "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix." . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7cdc375d_d371_4d78_acd5_d51732f52126 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "IconSemiosis"@en ; + "Cognition"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7cef5aae_baae_42d1_959a_ee70a7cf7a73 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EntropyPerMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7cfbe969_6ced_47a2_86c6_de33673c45d0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7d56ec24_499d_487a_af7d_a91aaa787bfe + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MultiSimulation"@en ; + "A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7db59e56_f68b_48b7_ae99_891c35ae5c3b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + + + + + ) ; + "Gluon"@en ; + "The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7dd84949_0afa_4313_9b89_7bb0dd2e7771 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MassExcess"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163" ; + "10-21.1" ; + "Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7dea2572_ab42_45bd_9fd7_92448cec762a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MeasuringSystem"@en ; + """A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM"""@en ; + "measuring system"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7e53a8b4_6e02_4e56_80d4_8683f92b9c77 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "LinearElectricCurrentDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12" ; + "6-9" ; + "Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7f8ef5cf_7d80_46fa_951c_369014e3a8af + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DisplacementAngle"@en ; + "PhaseDifference"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48" ; + "6-48" ; + "Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7f9b4abe_0bf1_48dc_9bd0_ea34e926ec85 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MechanicalEfficiency"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085" ; + "4-29" ; + "Quotient of mechanical output and input power."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_80252279_046c_4e33_bdf4_8932f79b6c91 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenBottomQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_802c167d_b792_4cb8_a315_35797345c0e3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas."@en ; + "HeatCapacity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47"@en ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity" ; + "5-15" ; + "Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:hasValue + ] ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "EMMO"@en ; + """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; + "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; + "The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities."@en ; + """EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one)."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedTarget [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedTarget [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:hasValue + ] ; + "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; + "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; + "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; + """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8040a6f6_4736_4dd2_8d1c_f2c13cb77a71 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities."@en ; + "IsentropicExponent"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52" ; + "5-17.2" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Electron"@en ; + "The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_808566db_b810_448d_8a54_48e7f6d30f36 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemporallyRedundant"@en ; + "A whole with temporal parts of its same type."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_80b19ae3_7248_4205_8c79_4e94f5f0444c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GrandPartionFunction"@en ; + "GrandCanonicalPartionFunction"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022" ; + "9-35.3" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_80f3d95d_b1fd_46c0_b98a_b6b611b47105 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ThermalExpansionCoefficient"@en ; + "CoefficientOfThermalExpansion"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760" ; + "Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_80fe82d4_f4c1_43a1_98dc_ee5fc7927e19 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7."""@en , + "Written as pH"@en ; + "PH"@en ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21"@en ; + "For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C"@en ; + """Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+)."""@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_81369540_1b0e_471b_9bae_6801af22800e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity."""@en ; + "Speed"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed" ; + "3-8.2" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8159c26a_494b_4fa0_9959_10888f152298 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """\"In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity.\" + +-- SI Brochure"""@en ; + "AmountOfSubstance"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance" ; + "9-2" ; + "The number of elementary entities present."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8168c707_1b2a_4c6f_8d2e_a4e8081fd276 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "CoefficientOfThermalInsulance"@en ; + "ThermalInsulance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41" ; + "5-11" ; + "Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_81e767f1_59b1_4d7a_bf69_17f322241831 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000"""@en ; + "MagneticDipoleMoment"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55" ; + "10-9.1" , + "6-30" ; + """Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B"""@en ; + "http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_820619ca_b23e_4c7a_8543_18a17722abc0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ElementaryFermion"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8219a082_9443_4374_8038_6459d5cf4ce9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "AcceptorDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968" ; + "12-29.5" ; + "quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_82d6c4b3_a037_49de_9622_0407af40bdeb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + + + + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThirdGenerationFermion"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Output"@en ; + "Product"@en ; + "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2"@en ; + "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9"@en ; + "The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process."@en ; + """This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; + "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8303a247_f9d9_4616_bdcd_f5cbd7b298e3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons."""@en , + "The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic."@en , + "This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule."@en ; + "BondedAtom"@en ; + "An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_830b59f7_d047_438c_90cd_62845749efcb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermodynamicEnergy"@en ; + "InternalEnergy"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy" ; + "5.20-2" ; + "A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_83318add_d05e_40fc_93ea_c6cd605df437 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NonActivePower"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43" ; + "6-61" ; + "For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_83424a56_e28f_4aea_8125_bef7b9347ee6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CriticalTemperature"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516" ; + "Temperature below which quantum effects dominate."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_83550665_c68c_4015_86a7_308c9dd2fb4b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MuonNeutrino"@en ; + "A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_835f4e4e_680d_404c_8c73_92a6a570f6eb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AbsorbedDoseRateUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_83a43803_0b0f_45a4_86a3_bc6b32e6a540 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45" ; + "6-51.2" ; + "Real part of the impedance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_83a460aa_5826_4fbb_93e8_d73d0df25757 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow"@en ; + "PureParallelWorkflow"@en ; + "A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8455fa05_a877_48d7_b8a3_8e3bfad119bf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_847724b7_acef_490e_9f0d_67da967f2812 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty."@en , + "Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated."@en ; + "A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation." ; + "MetrologicalUncertainty"@en ; + "The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity."@en ; + """- Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability"""@en ; + "Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as \"a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured\"."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_847f1d9f_205e_46c1_8cb6_a9e479421f88 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AbsorbedDoseUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_84cadc45_6758_46f2_ba2a_5ead65c70213 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AtomisticModel"@en ; + "A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8515e948_bc2f_423b_8025_e4830f2b21dd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthTimeCurrentUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_852b4ab8_fc29_4749_a8c7_b92d4fca7d5a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Frequency"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02" ; + "3-15.1" ; + "Number of periods per time interval."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8533871a_01e4_4935_8c7b_cedf8fcc3fa3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "Replica"@en ; + "An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions."@en ; + "A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one."@en , + "Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_85605643_f9ed_42ae_85ff_4a7443288dfd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpecificEnthalpy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993" ; + "5-21.3" ; + "Enthalpy per unit mass."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_85d72920_708d_4eb9_89ce_8a588b0ce66d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VolumePerTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_860ef96c_e93e_4549_b3a3_099a625a26a5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CapacitancePerLengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8627410d_01f8_4ed1_8f2b_aba69d791ad3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "QuarticLengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_865a1a70_02e8_40b2_948d_078e636c8701 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Foaming"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined" , + "Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden" ; + "DefinedEdgeCutting"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Software"@en ; + "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en ; + """Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Software"@en ; + "From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget """Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users."""@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NonPrefixedUnit"@en ; + "A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_869e6e4f_a9b5_4db8_a978_8ad050239933 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerThermalTransmittanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_86a305d1_7644_48be_b84c_1f976679b904 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ManufacturingDevice"@en ; + "A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Artifact"@en , + "Engineered"@en , + "TangibleProduct"@en ; + "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; + "An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose."@en ; + "Car, tire, composite material."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Artifact"@en ; + "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; + "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; + "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; + "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_86ffe1bb_d457_4948_9e39_35f363b9a9fe + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricConductivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_873b0ab3_88e6_4054_b901_5531e01f14a4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + +-- VIM"""@en ; + "MeasuredProperty"@en ; + "A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2020"@en , + """ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en , + """ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components"""@en ; + "DiscreteManufacturing"@en , + "Werkstücke"@de ; + "WorkpieceManufacturing"@en ; + "A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "Fluid"@en ; + "A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure."@en ; + "Gas, liquid, plasma,"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_87b5dd20_e4fe_422d_9e70_1eee54ec9496 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_87deb5a8_7a85_49c3_97b2_e62c8484aa1a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VolumePerSquareTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Cognised"@en ; + "A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon."@en ; + "A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8820f251_ad36_43f4_a693_c0e86a89cc1f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FunctionallyDefinedMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8826aefb_0bf6_4378_8732_fc80aa95654c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + rdfs:comment "The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain."@en ; + "MathematicalFormula"@en ; + "A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8864793d_0f36_4fa3_b54a_90d0234f976a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "4-26" ; + "SurfaceTension"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_886eb0fb_4d36_4b7d_99e4_e5915a06aff1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SquarePressureTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NumericalData"@en ; + "Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_88967c93_894b_4e42_bc3c_c8517b255489 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TimeConstant"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32" ; + "3-15" ; + "parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_88bbdd04_908f_45f0_9ded_d73b430de3b1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "DensityOfVibrationalStates"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294" ; + "12-12" ; + "quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_88ca735d_af0e_4773_b769_9c9bc6f8f91c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenBottomAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_88f36585_bd30_4160_b975_61362f3468a9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EnergyAreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_88fc5d1b_d3ab_4626_b24c_915ebe7400ca + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Energy per unit change in amount of substance."@en ; + "ChemicalPotential"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential" ; + "9-17" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_89083bab_f69c_4d06_bf6d_62973b56cdc7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:complementOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] + ] ; + "ArithmeticExpression"@en ; + "2+2"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_89113866_31a4_4d19_bc83_7f7c1661ab73 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_891d1351_3843_4da3_906b_3b30411bd512 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenCharmQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + "SpatialTiling"@en ; + "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ExactConstant"@en ; + "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; + "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en ; + "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_89d04b65_5b11_4916_b606_0cf3f007fcd9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DynamicFrictionFactor"@en ; + "KineticFrictionFactor"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32" ; + "4-23.2" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8a2a1cbc_dfc3_4e6c_b337_00ee56fd438a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "EndStep"@en ; + "The final step of a workflow."@en ; + "There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8a582db1_c561_42f6_80ff_0fd8f252b129 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VolumePerMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8a83b7bd_85bd_48e4_a4ac_bb2eb97d3014 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GluonType5"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "URL"@en ; + "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LeftHandedParticle"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ContinuumSubstance"@en ; + """A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1"""@en ; + "A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant."@en , + """A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en , + "A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; + "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8b2fd84c_8f51_4731_9bd7_830545e78b23 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LowPressureCasting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8b4af754_110a_4854_ac65_349ebafc1bed + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MolarVolume"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112" ; + "9-5" ; + "Volume per amount of substance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8b66ada5_510c_44bd_a8d8_3c64d301a5e9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SimulationApplication"@en ; + "An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object."@en ; + "An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8b960a48_8017_4cc0_8e38_27d9237b7e0d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095" ; + "10-13.6" ; + "Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8bb6b688_812a_4cb9_b76c_d5a058928719 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Semiotics"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8c151a67_f04a_4435_b7d1_1738e6d952ee + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LinearIonization"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115" ; + "10-58" ; + "Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture)."@en ; + "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; + "An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object."@en ; + "A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time."@en ; + "An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; + "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Constant"@en ; + "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8cf32f24_ada1_4350_af2c_50eb0e5f6415 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticPotentialUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8d2d9374_ef3a_47e6_8595_6bc208e07519 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument"""@en ; + "Theory"@en ; + "A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8d3da9ac_2265_4382_bee5_db72046722f8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "RadioactiveActivity"@en ; + "Radioactivity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity" ; + "Decays per unit time."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8d4962d7_9608_44f7_a2f1_82a4bb173f4a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware"@en ; + "A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8d689295_7d84_421b_bc01_d5cceb2c2086 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The rest mass of a proton."@en ; + "ProtonMass"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8dacb56f_5931_443b_8de6_f31aec44036c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MeanFreePathOfPhonons"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255" ; + "12-15.1" ; + "average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8dbaf3ca_8f0d_4c45_92e1_c6d805b83c87 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) , + ( + + + ) , + ( + + ) ; + "FundamentalFermion"@en ; + "A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8dd40ec6_2c5a_43f3_bf64_cadcd447a1c1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity."@en ; + "ThermalConductivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity" ; + "5-9" ; + "At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8de14a59_660b_454f_aff8_76a07ce185f4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "+" + ] ; + "Plus"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8e08b6d4_da0f_4722_a69a_301f2246546c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MeanFreePathOfElectrons"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307" ; + "12-15.2" ; + "Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8e5dd473_808b_4a8a_b7cd_63068c12ff57 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "AbsorbedDose"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose" ; + "Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume."@en ; + "10-81.1" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8e655535_d6eb_46cd_9738_f86fa6c93217 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NuclearSpinQuantumNumber" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403" ; + "10-13.7" ; + "Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8ef46550_7bf2_4ef9_8334_ca3d63fb69b1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentPhasor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596" ; + "6-49" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8f171308_f902_42c5_ac1d_d5259022e9c1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MassFractionOfDryMatter"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64" ; + "5-32" ; + "Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8f36559a_a494_4b00_abc5_60bbc1475009 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricChargeDensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8f3a9f9f_6f56_49dc_b39e_1aee57ffdc58 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerVolumeTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8f4d2c80_002f_44b4_a4f1_0d9ead0779ba + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Molds"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8f87e700_99a8_4427_8ffb_e493de05c217 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] ; + "Proton"@en ; + "A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8fb052e8_fcca_43ce_85db_55266baf2d7c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8fc576e1_3984_402b_a548_be921b4e1bf4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume"@en ; + "IsochoricHeatCapacity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50" ; + "5-16.3" ; + "Heat capacity at constant volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8fdabd25_01e0_4296_b82a_09d1c34e52d4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PoissonsRatio"@en ; + "PoissonNumber"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61" ; + "4-18" ; + "Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90589553_5625_4074_8f0d_0532fd7eb42b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2020"@en ; + "CuttingManufacturing"@en , + "Trennen"@de ; + "SeparateManufacturing"@en ; + "A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90798691_3b86_4d8c_910f_be2b39c98b39 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaDensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_908da3d5_775e_425e_af96_33914618eb66 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Viscosity"@en ; + "DynamicViscosity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34"@en ; + "4-24"@en ; + "The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """\"Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude.\" + +\"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means.\" + +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ; + "NominalProperty"@en ; + "An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified."@en ; + """CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being."""@en ; + "nominal property"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90a1a4d4_7f02_4b0e_9bfd_053bafbed5f2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546" ; + "9-35.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90a39fcb_5087_451e_a92e_ce0adc6d80f1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VolumetricNumberDensity"@en ; + "Count per volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental."""@en ; + "Continuant"@en , + "Endurant"@en ; + "Object"@en ; + "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90e59882_4592_4036_a75d_5fbefb22dc80 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Period"@en ; + "PeriodDuration"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01" ; + "3-14" ; + "duration of one cycle of a periodic event"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90f18cf0_1225_4c64_b5f8_f65cd7f992c5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + ) ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1"@en ; + "MaterialsModel"@en ; + "A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90f255f7_4890_440d_a8de_841a8437676c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "HalfLife"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12" ; + "10-31" ; + "Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90fa8b63_e59d_4c71_b245_6bb759a22e26 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "RelativePressureCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30" ; + "5-3.3" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Assemblying"@en ; + "The act of connecting together the parts of something"@en ; + "No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; + "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9140f0d2_fa24_4050_85d9_17d7d2e9e1df + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NonLeakageProbability"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566" ; + "10-77" ; + "Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9141801c_c539_4c72_b423_8c74ff6b8f05 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VolumeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_91447ec0_fb55_49f2_85a5_3172dff6482c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Polynomial"@en ; + "2 * x^2 + x + 3"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_91a99750_7914_42be_9fe5_b82c59183450 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "HeatFlowRate"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36"@en ; + "5-7"@en ; + "Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools" ; + "Walzen" ; + "Rolling"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_92028373_3a43_4b80_9a69_caca22df3918 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2020"@en ; + "Beschichten"@de ; + "CoatingManufacturing"@en ; + "A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "FundamentalAntiMatterParticle"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Sequence"@en ; + "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_92aaff7b_3a7c_4c1a_b149_d422e9682106 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricChargeAreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_92b2fb85_2143_4bc7_bbca_df3e6944bfc1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance."@en ; + "Reactance" ; + "ElectricReactance"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972" ; + "6-51.3"@en ; + "The imaginary part of the impedance."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_92eaefcb_50be_4237_9ec0_4a019ce24921 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material" ; + "Cleaning"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 13574:2015-02" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_930ce8d9_6cde_4ef9_9cb2_a98a63852b96 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "AngularMeasure"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14" ; + "3-5" ; + "The abstract notion of angle."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_931a725b_926d_4f60_8955_61fe17fce98b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "DiffusionCoefficient"@en ; + "Proportionality constant in some physical laws."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9335cf09_431f_4613_9dab_ce4ceaca965b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Modelling"@en ; + "Simulation"@en ; + "A estimation of a property using a functional icon."@en ; + "I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_93681c53_4316_415d_8243_a42a0e171de6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_937757d3_ed79_4ae3_9513_3b135e58a6a1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "ScientificTheory"@en ; + "A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_937db6d0_38c3_4469_aeec_1e033f5ea6c4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LevelWidth"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340" ; + "10-26" ; + "In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_94010cbc_c2a6_4cb9_b29a_83aa99d2ff70 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LiquidAerosol"@en ; + "An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_94857660_8739_4270_99a7_c388933fa17d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat."@en ; + "MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas"@en ; + "MixingRatio"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62"@en ; + "5-30" ; + "Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_94b07779_910a_4e56_bb34_2754dae4e376 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueDownQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_950256cd_c286_4793_b9f7_a3f922d0c354 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "ThomsonCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233" ; + "12-23" ; + "quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_953d7ce1_2a40_4391_831f_e4be15162efb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779" ; + "10-15.3" ; + "Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_95971713_d589_4002_a5a7_affc5c74cfdb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountPerMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_959c9715_14fb_4ce8_a93b_79678b2959b9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_95a9bf22_eabc_4a84_863d_9ea398c8a52e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerVolumeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_95d4eb9b_d3d0_4705_a01c_4f87fb5f8d43 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TransportationDevice"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_961d1aba_f75e_4411_aaa4_457f7516ed6b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Often denoted B."@en ; + "MagneticInduction"@en ; + "MagneticFluxDensity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19" ; + "6-21" ; + "Strength of the magnetic field."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9668ae43_d1a0_43ae_a91a_9051512b0a54 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GluonType7"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_96c38f8d_fabd_41dc_abda_d15419eb897d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Painting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_96c8d72f_b436_44e2_9f7f_085c24094292 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SolidAerosol"@en ; + "An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_96f39f77_44dc_491b_8fa7_30d887fe0890 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Extent of a surface."@en ; + "Area"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area" ; + "3-3" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_96ffda63_71e7_451b_85ee_2cc8e341ff11 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_971b3dff_28b4_4538_b082_3ec9fa5af294 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_971c8cb1_156f_4a70_a72c_2d851d4d2b20 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_972e01b0_b017_4903_8c05_b7edda958723 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LogarithmicUnit"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type."@en ; + "Decibel"@en ; + """Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a \"power\" or a \"root-power\" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage."""@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_973656ed_870e_40ba_8bc0_c879687a335a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaPerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_97589322_710c_4af4_9431_1e5027f2be42 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²)."@en , + "a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction."@en ; + "Luminance"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_975bdc11_12db_44e7_a3c3_c5436b5e17cc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueStrangeAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9794a778_47d7_45d5_b4ab_ae6a8db04c78 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricChargePerLengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Metrological"@en ; + "A language entity used in the metrology discipline."@en ; + "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9864a26d_ee34_43ac_bc01_118734886185 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Multiplicity"@en ; + "Degenerency"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301" ; + "9-36.2" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_987594e7_c152_4f76_88cf_a80874a864fd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "OsmoticFactorOfSolvent"@en ; + "OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102" ; + "9-27.2" ; + "Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SIDimensionalUnit"@en ; + "Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI)."@en ; + """In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> \"T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0\" +- TimeUnit <=> \"T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0\" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> \"T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0\""""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_98d65021_4574_4890_b2fb_46430841077f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s"@en ; + "AlgebricEquation"@en ; + "2 * a - b = c"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Annealing"@en ; + "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium" . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_99296e55_53f7_4333_9e06_760ad175a1b9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SpeedOfLightInVacuum"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum" ; + "6-35.2" ; + "The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Tile"@en ; + "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_998dd3a0_c85f_4c8d_9fb8_816a93cc3bb8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "File"@en ; + "In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_99dba333_0dbd_4f75_8841_8c0f97fd58e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ElectricCapacitance"@en ; + "Capacitance"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance" ; + "6-13" ; + "The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9ac10a20_63d0_4bbd_a5d3_f00a0ad4682c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "IterativeStep"@en ; + "A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow."@en ; + "Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9b075686_4ac2_43bb_b2a3_17b3ea24ff17 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerAreaTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Estimated"@en ; + "The biography of a person that the author have not met."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9b8f36cd_4312_4bc3_a99c_420c00f41550 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Mobility"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36" , + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77" ; + "10-61" ; + "Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9b9e0029_8b16_4382_bd47_571a7ae7d6f6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619" ; + "6-35.1" ; + "Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9ba91622_e39f_43e3_b95f_290937928d7e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9bb271f2_80a1_481a_ba78_368c4dccc235 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedTopAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9bbab0be_f9cc_4f46_9f46_0fd271911b79 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system."@en , + "May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system."@en ; + "Entropy"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy" ; + "5-18" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9bc6da11_528a_44e8_bd9e_c4154eae7e55 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "IsothermalCompressibility"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31" ; + "5-5.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9be5fcc4_0d8b_481d_b984_6338d4b55588 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Measurer"@en ; + "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9bed5d66_805a_4b3a_9153_beaf67143848 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "SolidFoam"@en ; + "A foam of trapped gas in a solid."@en ; + "Aerogel"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9c32fd69_f480_4130_83b3_fb25d9face14 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PhysicalLaw"@en ; + "A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9c407ac0_fd4c_4178_8763_95fad9fe29ec + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "StandardizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; + "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ)." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9cffc70d_4b60_4187_a7cd_706f5740ae87 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9d018f03_bbda_4ca5_bc4c_646e72651e53 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "HoleDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101" ; + "12-29.2" ; + "Number of holes in valence band per volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9d09022c_e7ae_4379_a765_4803a8a502a1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PressureFractionUnit"@en ; + "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9d6eeca7_89a0_4a65_a497_9039f1164b96 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueDownAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9d74a963_8c62_4c20_a413_93b786bfbecc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Presses"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9d8f708a_f291_4d72_80ec_362c6e6bbca6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame."@en ; + "CentreOfMass"@en ; + "The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NumericalVariable"@en ; + "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9e0891a6_4d87_4891_b557_69ab2bae1dae + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "GaugePressure"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211" ; + "4-14.2" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9e2ab15a_f1c7_435b_91ff_bc774e6ba4e7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Fugacity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412" ; + "9-20" ; + "Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9e452535_a369_404d_9afb_d41fd79d12b8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ConcreteOrPlasterPouring"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9e955e04_2977_457e_a91a_bc6a541c9a9e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MolarConductivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278" ; + "9-45" ; + "Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9eb2d590_2115_4edd_aa8e_345d60921765 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "FermiEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18" ; + "12-27.1" ; + "in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance"@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9eb96ea0_8827_4cb9_9a03_8e07f4eae1eb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedStrangeQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9ecb2aa2_10a9_4499_a3ff_9ad76e9f4e0d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "HartreeEnergy" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree" ; + "10-8" ; + "Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9ed4ea5a_42c4_48aa_bd59_c16c7d34e741 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "StructureFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684" ; + "12-5.4" ; + "Mathematical description in crystallography."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9f0338b9_326f_44c2_893c_2d815b763130 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerLengthTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9f33b66d_f2d6_47d0_b163_deeb3d45685a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PackingFraction"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276" ; + "10-23.1" ; + "Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9f6ec830_c59f_46aa_8a22_945ba20b6ea3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "Step"@en ; + "A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description."@en ; + "A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9fd1e79d_41d1_44f8_8142_66dbdf0fc7ad + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VolumeFractionUnit"@en ; + "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes."@en ; + "Unit for volume fraction."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9ffffb55_3496_4307_82b8_a0d78fe1fcd8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Code"@en , + "SoftwareCode"@en ; + "ProgrammingLanguage"@en ; + "A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language."@en ; + "A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution."@en , + "Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a06e3d38_1aa8_4f45_89a8_722dbacfda24 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PhysioChemicalQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a09a5342_cad4_40fa_a619_a5af0867cb8f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DippingForms"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a0c4322d_4de2_4770_991c_5fad4e6ec25b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance."@en ; + "ElectronWorkFunction"@en ; + "WorkFunction"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35" ; + "12-24.1" ; + "least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a0ce1017_0467_473b_8af8_0ddf4621b0be + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ArcLength"@en ; + "PathLength"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length" ; + "3-1.7" ; + "Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AlphabeticEntity"@en ; + "Symbol"@en ; + "The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet)."@en ; + "The class of letter \"A\" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to \"A\"."@en ; + """Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. \"Bq\" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of \"B\" and \"q\" symbols when dealing with characters."""@en , + """Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). + +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia)"""@en , + "The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a139c6d5_1a0b_4605_a6c0_9f383539f9b1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectrolyticDeposition"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a13cff6e_41fd_48d5_82b6_3a9015f19001 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour"@en ; + "AbsoluteHumidity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity" , + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60" ; + "5-28" ; + "Mass of the contained water vapour per volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "Particle"@en ; + "PhysicalParticle"@en ; + "The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons."@en ; + "A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of \"particle\" suggests)."@en ; + "The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; + "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a18a3e9b_7e3d_44bf_9640_c8634e770ba8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "FrictionCoefficient"@en , + "FrictionFactor"@en ; + "CoefficientOfFriction"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524" ; + "Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a1bd0bfc_5464_43ce_a1a2_947b58dc0f89 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "LatticeVector"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234" ; + "12-1.1" ; + "translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a242d3e9_c6d3_411e_a667_71ffbc248a1a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpaceAndTimeQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a24cbaac_9595_4672_8a60_2818938cfc60 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "DownAntiQuarkType"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a2641370_e4b8_4582_b4e0_fb389c8d8efb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DiffusionLength"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60" ; + "12-33" ; + "In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a2682209_f9e2_4024_98dd_ed1f6c5699be + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ShearStrain"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59" ; + "4-17.3" ; + "Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Solid"@en ; + "A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a356870d_409a_4de6_a910_0d8498e593ff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Concentration"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031"@en ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration"@en ; + "the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration"@en ; + "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a365b3c1_7bde_41d7_a15b_2820762e85f4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "/" + ] ; + "Division"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a383e332_a271_463f_9e44_559604547220 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point."@en ; + "DewPointTemperature"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67" ; + "5-36" ; + "Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a3c78d6f_ae49_47c8_a634_9b6d86b79382 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state."@en ; + "RybergConstant"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a4243cbf_b22e_4aa1_b9c1_130ce8c51ab2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedTopQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a43cb01a_beb0_46e1_ae6d_22236222e6a1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "JouleThomsonCoefficient"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998" ; + "5-24" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a45dc074_c5ed_4aad_a4e7_141a02fe1d73 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RelativeMassFractionOfVapour"@en ; + "5-35" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a46f2e3f_6d06_4968_a02f_55274d131130 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FormingFromPulp"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a4b14b83_9392_4a5f_a2e8_b2b58793f59b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DataBasedSimulationSoftware"@en ; + "A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2020"@en , + """ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en , + """ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en ; + "Manufacturing"@en ; + "The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes."@en ; + "Deals with entities that have a defined shape."@en ; + "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; + "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a4e36749_1f44_4e6c_80e8_d5b27d986d8b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "PressureCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29" ; + "5-4" ; + "Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a4edc0c9_6d1d_4358_8030_b61db6c84176 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperaturePerPressureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "DownQuark"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a5111335_6d14_49d9_ba7a_10c10b2189e7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a589e6b8_2f5b_4118_8522_cdc4c89578dc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "TopQuark"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a5de0529_7c25_494c_951d_c0a561fd61fd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SpecificEnergyImparted"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195" ; + "10-81.2" ; + "In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a6138ba7_e365_4f2d_b6b4_fe5a5918d403 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ArithmeticEquation"@en ; + "1 + 1 = 2"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a633c6f8_4269_4870_9b28_f5ca1783fd54 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Stage"@en ; + "A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process."@en ; + "Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a66427d1_9932_4363_9ec5_7d91f2bfda1e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ISQDimensionlessQuantity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless" ; + "A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a68368e4_b822_4395_9213_ae7429a677d6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ScalarMagneticPotential"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58" ; + "6-37.1" ; + "Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CausalConvexSystem"@en ; + """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; + "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a77a0a4b_6bd2_42b2_be27_4b63cebbb59e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a817035a_3e3c_4709_8ede_3205df3031a3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Punctuation"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a85d0b8a_588e_423f_b799_97b0890e9183 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DieCasting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a88475b9_c745_4a47_9403_ab0d158b9b1b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VolumePerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a8eb87b5_4d10_4137_a75c_e04ee59ca095 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "VolumeFraction"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction" ; + "9-14" ; + "Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a94aec97_71ff_4574_b111_a52d77d2c230 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountPerAreaTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a96e2152_40e7_409c_a53a_fdb9f141eb6a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ChemicallyDefinedMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a9891fff_fa7a_4806_b7bd_786de7358e8d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CausalExpansion"@en ; + "A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SubjectiveProperty"@en ; + "A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community)."@en ; + "The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aa078194_12df_4b10_b264_6595d2472570 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LarmorRadius"@en ; + "Gyroradius"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458" ; + "10-17" ; + "Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aa446897_0683_4e9b_9b0e_b6081d2d70d8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Folding"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aa7397ff_2815_434e_9b99_e4c6a80e034e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VolumePerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; + "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aab6a0cc_2fbd_43ac_ac5a_b7b7b75331dc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FORTRAN"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aaf9dd7f_0474_40d0_9606_02def8515249 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt."@en ; + "Torque"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque" ; + "4-12.2" ; + "The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ab2ee5cd_4de3_46b6_bec5_29e293b33422 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TimePerLengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ab3e812f_4d0f_4290_83fb_b2f5963f3772 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DampingCoefficient"@en ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24" ; + "3-24" ; + "Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ab5ba485_7c16_4c9e_b65e_4cb7560f8e8c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenDownAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ab79e92b_5377_454d_be06_d61b50db295a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricChargeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ab922466_6333_4f13_91e6_03c3cad13ed8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenStrangeAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NonNumericalData"@en ; + "Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ac540a9d_0131_43f6_a33b_17e5cfc432ed + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "KineticEnergy"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy" ; + "4-28.2" ; + "The energy of an object due to its motion."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ac82358d_94a7_4ceb_93e7_41bab5bcefdf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure"@en ; + "IsobaricHeatCapacity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49" ; + "5-16.2" ; + "Heat capacity at constant pressure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_acaaa124_3dde_48b6_86e6_6ec6f364f408 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "BaseQuantity"@en ; + """\"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset\" +ISO 80000-1"""@en ; + "base quantity"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_acd1a504_ca32_4f30_86ad_0b62cea5bc02 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ReferenceMaterial" ; + "StandardUnit"@en ; + """A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ; + "Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress." ; + "Biegeumformen" ; + "FlexuralForming"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_acf636d4_9ac2_4ce3_960a_d54338e6cae3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Strain"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain" ; + "4-17.1" ; + "Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ad6b0980_fa04_4ec3_b033_6aed9f4ed17c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueTopAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ad6c76cf_b400_423e_820f_cf0c4e77f455 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointWith ; + "MolarGasConstant"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant" ; + "9-37.1" ; + "Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle)."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ad8b1096_4df1_44f5_a3b9_fc2ec9e7f5b1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "StyleSheetLanguage"@en ; + "A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents."@en ; + "CSS"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ad91ad62_ef79_42ad_8e15_34cbd95d69cb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LondonPenetrationDepth"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33" ; + "12-38.1" ; + "Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ad9d6895_2800_48ad_8007_e293c52a8178 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MolarGibbsEnergy"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324" ; + "9-6.4" ; + "Gibbs energy per amount of substance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_adc5aa0d_9add_4c8a_aa81_b5798a654ca9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization."@en ; + "MeanFreePath"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37" ; + "9-38" ; + "in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_add2e29d_6d87_4b78_9706_588e25557093 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Python"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ae15fb4f_8e4d_41de_a0f9_3997f89ba6a2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + "KnownConstant"@en ; + "A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number)."@en ; + "π refers to the constant number ~3.14"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ae3c9eb3_289d_4133_99d6_77068367a58d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Casting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aea43ae4_f824_4c42_892e_709bf9dc1c40 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MolarHelmholtzEnergy"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986" ; + "9-6.3" ; + "Helmholtz energy per amount of substance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aeebc6d5_bf98_45c1_b3eb_89de6722ba46 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedCharmAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aef218f9_6ded_4db9_9263_e78eed55e5d6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_af24ae20_8ef2_435a_86a1_2ea44488b318 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_af794e9d_dc7d_4756_83e1_2cd0e2ec864e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectromagneticQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_af7b627d_6528_4fdb_97df_ba4579c4bb5d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MarkupLanguage"@en ; + "A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text."@en ; + "HTML"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_afea89af_ef16_4bdb_99d5_f3b2f4c85a6c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Mass per unit area."@en ; + "AreaDensity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_affe07e4_e9bc_4852_86c6_69e26182a17f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ThermodynamicTemperature"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature" ; + "5-1" ; + "Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b02aaadc_592d_4d65_bf11_eee06bd9f80d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat."@en ; + "MassConcentrationOfWater"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59" ; + "5-27" ; + "Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b03dfad7_eab8_4949_9d10_dd4fd12faaef + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ReactorTimeConstant"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04" ; + "10-79" ; + "Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointWith ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) , + ( + + ) ; + "MeasurementUnit"@en ; + "A metrological reference for a physical quantity."@en ; + """kg +m/s +km"""@en ; + "measurement unit (VIM3 1.9)"@en ; + """\"Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number\" +ISO 80000-1"""@en , + """\"Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations.\" + +\"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra.\" + +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf"""@en , + "Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint."@en , + "Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b0ef0941_5c92_4b71_bc26_95e95e5e0004 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431" ; + "9-36.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b14894ce_aad8_45e6_8035_f902c0d339ad + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "TopAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b14d9be5_f81e_469b_abca_379c2e83feab + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CapacitanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b1862e72_219f_4fc0_b58c_b26339f6dc88 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Gathering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part."""@en , + """According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition"""@en ; + "Sign"@en ; + "An 'Physical' that is used as sign (\"semeion\" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process."@en ; + """A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character \"A\" is direct part of \"A\" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b23e7251_a488_4732_8268_027ad76d7e37 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Magnetization"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52" ; + "6-24" ; + "At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en ; + "PhysicsBasedModel"@en ; + "A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b30d4f1c_61e3_4647_bae1_c0928acb2095 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "HallCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02" ; + "12-19" ; + "The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b33909cc_61a1_4ab3_a1f8_d9283a6b1a0d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005" ; + "5-16.4" ; + "Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b33cc5b5_a9dc_4082_b497_14d1654c5591 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreicSpeedUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b3600e73_3e05_479d_9714_c041c3acf5cc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b385b94e_ffff_47a2_8971_856f92dd786e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "VolumetricFlowRate"@en ; + "VolumeFlowRate"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72" ; + "4-31" ; + "Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt-"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b3bf01d2_5d67_45d3_91e6_70abddae08a9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CarrierLifetime"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374" ; + "12-32.2" ; + "Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b3c004d7_d377_459d_8857_dee6b5f51f3a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RadiantEnergy"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526" ; + "10-45" ; + "Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b452fe23_0c61_436d_8357_57a521448801 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LarmonAngularFrequency"@en ; + "10-15.1" ; + "Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b45fbdc6_2519_4885_aa49_c56b394c3910 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ComputerScience"@en ; + "A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science."@en ; + "A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b4895f75_41c8_4fd9_b6d6_4d5f7c99c423 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H."@en ; + "MagnetizingFieldStrength"@en ; + "MagneticFieldStrength"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56" ; + "6-25" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b4abf29e_aab7_4c2f_af0b_536a92ef327f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AntiTau"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b4f4ed28_d24c_4a00_9583_62ab839abeca + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SpecificHeatCapacity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity" ; + "5-16.1" ; + "Heat capacity divided by mass."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b51fbd00_a857_4132_9711_0ef70e7bdd20 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Illuminance"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance" ; + "The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b5523f03_5f2f_4e11_92c0_3734c6de3749 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "KinematicViscosity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35" ; + "4-25" ; + "Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b56c3aa6_28e5_4f9b_a4a5_93d8c68e1570 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "PhysicallyInteractingConvex"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b57afc1a_93e9_43ba_b41f_9ec3598b4e46 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenUpQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b5a5494c_83bf_44aa_a9a6_49b948e68939 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "Boson"@en ; + "A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson" . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Boson"@en ; + "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b5c58790_fb2d_42eb_b184_2a3f6ca60acb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "∇" + ] ; + "Gradient"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b5efbfa6_8610_4e3e_ad36_93e426bd873e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PlasticModeling"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b642d14c_0ba3_43c0_aa90_d0df922486c0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MassEnergyTransferCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32" ; + "10-87" ; + "For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b67a9ef5_880a_487c_84e8_3b36faba9159 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VoltagePhasor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605" ; + "6-50" ; + "Complex representation of an oscillating voltage."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b6a008a8_39b1_451c_93d2_dae1e17ec8db + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DisplacementCurrent"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43" ; + "6-19.1" ; + "Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b7229683_d2c5_4225_8e5f_7693744fd5a2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CoefficientOfStaticFriction"@en , + "StaticFrictionFactor"@en ; + "StaticFrictionCoefficient"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33" ; + "4-23.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b725aad8_55e2_430a_b2d2_f84b8333484e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SeebeckCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448" ; + "12-21" ; + "Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Property"@en ; + "A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction."@en ; + """Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test."""@en , + "The name \"red\" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors."@en ; + "A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg)."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Property"@en ; + "From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + +\"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C.\" (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'"""@en ; + "SemioticEntity"@en ; + "The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b82d6a44_ea23_4b68_9b24_70f77deac955 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "TotalIonization"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787" ; + "10-59" ; + "Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)." ; + "elektrochemisches Abtragen" ; + "SparkErosion"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b8fa18b7_14c7_42cd_bd5f_4fc073677a5b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueStrangeQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b9277e83_016c_405f_b90a_7e93642c775b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedDownAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b941e455_2cb1_4c11_93e3_17caa06086b4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BeginStep"@en ; + "An initial step of a workflow."@en ; + "There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b94b3748_71c5_4de9_95e7_42586c3ed607 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SuperconductionTransitionTemperature"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09" ; + "12-35.3" ; + "Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HolisticArrangement"@en ; + "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "PhysicalConstant"@en ; + """Physical constants are categorised into \"exact\" and measured constants. + +With \"exact\" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019."""@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + ) ; + "StateOfMatter"@en ; + "A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist."@en ; + "In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ba236f43_7f94_4386_9673_9122952e928b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AngularRepetency"@en ; + "AngularWavenumber"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12" ; + "3-22" ; + "Magnitude of the wave vector."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ba380bc6_2bfd_4f11_94c7_b3cbaafd1631 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity."@en ; + "JosephsonConstant"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant" ; + "Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ba882f34_0d71_4e4f_9d92_0c076c633a2c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. + +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + +There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one."""@en ; + "PureNumberQuantity"@en ; + "A pure number, typically the number of something."@en ; + """1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom""" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Project"@en ; + "IntentionalProcess"@en ; + "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "IntentionalProcess"@en ; + "From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere (\"stretching out\")"@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bba5d6f7_53e5_417a_855e_a95322fb641e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat." ; + "MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61" ; + "5-29" ; + "Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bbca6dfa_7463_4e8d_8280_35862ff50ce0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso ; + "NonMaximal"@en ; + "Redundant"@en ; + "A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type."@en ; + """An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. + +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bbf12904_e25e_4f49_87f3_8bd210a6b535 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection." ; + "Anpressen" ; + "Pressing"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-3:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "Substance"@en ; + "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bc73913a_3bb6_4205_8d36_79bc72ca9891 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "VolumePerAmountTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bd325ef5_4127_420c_83d3_207b3e2184fd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "AngularVelocity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity" ; + "3-12" ; + "Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bd67d149_24c2_4bc9_833a_c2bc26f98fd3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "CatalyticActivity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity" ; + "Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bdb1ece0_0631_452e_9348_8387595428e8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CyclotronAngularFrequency"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211" ; + "10-16" ; + "Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bdb76b61_4bf6_44d6_9424_6cc073f964bc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BulkStrain"@en , + "VolumeStrain"@en ; + "RelativeVolumeStrain"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60" ; + "4-17.4" ; + "Quotient of change of volume and original volume."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bdee99f6_389b_4816_8a1c_a7903a2df00a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SquareTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_be0a7278_b4e6_4bca_88ba_de3f67a478e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Meson"@en ; + "Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions."@en ; + "Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_be31e6c6_881f_41c4_8354_c05aac4d7c46 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "StandardChemicalPotential"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468" ; + "9-21" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_be76ad52_2e29_4202_be6f_0a15eb9c1817 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MechanicalQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DiscreteData"@en ; + "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; + "A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands."@en ; + """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bed2fe4c_dc7e_43a8_8200_6aac44030bff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Letter"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bf106e62_ce1c_4ccc_9f45_c10326078a5a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PowerAreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bf66642d_f13d_42d2_ad6d_eafd41686155 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185" ; + "9-27.3" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bfce8136_8f58_4ea5_ab3a_1734170c5d92 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece" ; + "Machining"@en ; + "A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c0487653_66e8_454e_bb11_e50167e412e4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c05759c8_de71_4223_abba_630ae405b2b8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MigrationLength"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318" ; + "10-73.3" ; + "Square root of the migration area, M^2."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c0afb341_7d31_4883_a307_ae4606df2a1b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Manufacturer"@en ; + "A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c0ec56d1_0deb_4452_a6a1_70570308b6bb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CeramicSintering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c0f32e02_44d7_4c99_986e_c368d7219e4c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassStoppingPowerUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c0f72631_d7c2_434c_9c26_5c44123df682 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso """ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives"""@en ; + "Organisation"@en ; + "An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c106f318_38b1_4261_94cc_f4ac6ccc47af + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour."@en ; + "RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66" ; + "ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c12eb68b_8526_4c35_8346_c27194946353 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ExposureRate"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42" ; + "10-89" ; + "Time derivative of exposure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "IntentionalAgent"@en ; + "An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process."@en ; + "Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c18fff21_87c8_4877_a7e6_9ca1052d074e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TotalCurrentDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44" ; + "6-20" ; + "Sum of electric current density and displacement current density."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c1c8ac3c_8a1c_4777_8e0b_14c1f9f9b0c6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius." ; + "Diameter"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter" ; + "3-1.5" ; + "maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)." ; + "Bohren" ; + "Drilling"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c20dd550_7241_4ca4_b5b1_0d300ab03b6c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Activity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05" ; + "10-27" ; + "Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval."@en ; + "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c26a0340_d619_4928_b1a1_1a04e88bb89d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "ElementaryParticle"@en ; + "StandardModelParticle"@en ; + "The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model."@en ; + "Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters."@en , + "Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions."@en , + """This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates)."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; + "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c29603f5_95e8_42f5_ab0c_f3bcf3166d53 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c2a2b2ac_1fbe_46d9_8853_6497cea6ff43 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LossAngle"@en ; + "https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49" ; + "6-55" ; + "Arctan of the loss factor"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c2d725c3_9c16_4871_9a86_7afa12fc0a01 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "LinearEnergyTransfer"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30" ; + "10-85" ; + "Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c2d9d370_f9eb_40be_b01e_7ceba8f7457f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure"""@en ; + "RatioUnit"@en ; + "FractionUnit"@en ; + "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c30aaeb1_66cc_4c69_8890_d7812c1d608c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Magnetizing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c365fcb8_095d_416b_b4df_a18f2f557016 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "InternalConversionCoefficient"@en ; + "InternalConversionFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57" ; + "10-35" ; + "Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c3796906_8063_47d4_92af_890ae08f25fa + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LossFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728" ; + "6-54" ; + "Inverse of the quality factor."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c39d6a20_b987_49db_addb_a498635b89ff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MassieuFunction"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26" ; + "5-22" ; + "Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c404e6d9_261d_4d2e_ab0d_ba4e05062647 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ResourceIdentifier"@en ; + "A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c413d96f_c57b_4c70_9ac1_312db6c009a8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Tortuosity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683" ; + "Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "SolidGasSuspension"@en ; + "A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c46f091c_0420_4c1a_af30_0a2c8ebcf7d7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """\"Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only.\" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ; + "OrdinalQuantity"@en ; + """\"Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist\" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ; + """Hardness +Resilience"""@en ; + "ordinal quantity"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4fba898_896b_4d58_a24c_b5c0851fa2a2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Irradiate"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4ffca76_fb0c_43c7_bc16_8c2430888c83 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HardeningByDrawing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c5970406_0b66_4931_8a23_3e81162ba65b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LaserCutting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c5ac5c53_14de_47ce_b424_2576d042d241 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "CausalObject"@en ; + "CausalStructure"@en ; + """The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en ; + "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; + "A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities."@en ; + """A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; + "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; + "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c5e9e390_8836_4440_b4fd_c906fdd4f438 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CeramicMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c5fcfb08_12a9_4030_925b_14e3a0eabd07 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DisplacementVector"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558" ; + "12-7.3" ; + "In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c62b76d5_c1cc_432a_8c9e_7684ab054669 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HardeningByForging"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] ; + "PrefixedUnit"@en ; + "A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c6da5256_df91_48f5_8653_35165fb454a0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "NuclearQuadrupoleMoment"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226" ; + "10-18" ; + "z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c6f8d962_2239_4a9e_a9ac_63c01b84de09 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "InductiveCouplingFactor"@en ; + "CouplingFactor"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41" ; + "6-42.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else."@en ; + "FunctionalIcon"@en ; + "An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure."@en ; + "A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics)."@en , + "A guinea pig."@en ; + "An icon that focusing WHAT the object does."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "FunctionalIcon"@en ; + "From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Demontage" ; + "Dismantling"@en ; + "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage" . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7188d13_52e6_43f7_9b6d_aba4c161fa8f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents" ; + "Löten" ; + "Soldering"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7bc281c_0f58_431c_a66f_04be575fae7e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ComplexApparentPower"@en ; + "ComplexPower"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39" ; + "6-59" ; + "Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7d004db_59fa_5ae3_adb1_e75736aa721a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool" ; + "Sägen" ; + "Sawing"@en ; + "Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7ee175d_4c25_45cb_b74e_71435b11b77d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Join"@en ; + "A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7f4684e_ee74_4119_87e0_ecd255e10d2f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Calendering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c88a0f70_482b_4e37_9ae2_ee66bbfc20a7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + + + ) ; + "BlueAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c8d084ad_f88e_4596_8e4d_982c6655ce6f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PowerUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c8fe15d0_caf7_46f7_883c_0e98081987f1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CommandLanguage"@en ; + "An interpreted computer language for job control in computing."@en ; + """Unix shell. +Batch programming languages."""@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c91a40af_033a_48b3_baa5_6cc43aaf62aa + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Spin" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09" ; + "10-10" ; + "Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c9354e77_e6c9_4a76_8571_2446bc934c94 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ShearModulus"@en ; + "ModulusOfRigidity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68" ; + "4-19.2" ; + "Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c949f76f_4a65_4203_9734_0f9dd778e56b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MacroscopicCrossSection"@en ; + "VolumicCrossSection"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520" ; + "10-42.1" ; + "In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Declared"@en ; + "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c995ae70_3b84_4ebb_bcfc_69e6a281bb88 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ElectricCurrent"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent" ; + "6-1" ; + "A flow of electric charge."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c9a2307d_51d0_426b_ae2f_85f5a44934e0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Extrusion"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c9aa84db_e12f_4ab7_8807_0c09d5dba2cb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "EnergyFluence"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17" ; + "10-46" ; + "In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c9c8f824_9127_4f93_bc21_69fe78a7f6f2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MeasurementProcedure" ; + "ProcedureUnit"@en ; + "A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure."@en ; + "Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg)"@en ; + "Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Thermisches Abtragen" ; + "ThermalCutting"@en ; + "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN" . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ca369738_78de_470b_8631_be83f75e45a3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ReciprocalVolume"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ca54593a_6828_491b_8fda_22b0ad85e446 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricMobilityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThroughTile"@en ; + "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cab2be5c_4e71_4c15_8412_adb2a7f0831a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricDipoleMomentUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cac16ce6_2cef_405d_ac63_0f918db4875e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MassFractionOfWater"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63" ; + "5-31" ; + "Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cafd0f10_ce85_48b9_9a36_2b0af141ce21 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ElementaryBoson"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cb62c651_f41a_4e12_a374_a3da3db1d2ff + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "FastFissionFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493" ; + "10-75" ; + "In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cb71d1cb_0d62_4de7_a628_bc8e14acfe05 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MacroscopicTotalCrossSection"@en ; + "VolumicTotalCrossSection"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548" ; + "10-42.2" ; + "Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cb77e107_43ed_4a97_bf39_03b3587404d3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ForceAreaUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cbba91a7_d639_461f_ae23_d021751029e4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22" ; + "9-29" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DimensionalUnit"@en ; + "A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit."@en ; + """The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units)."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cbf42aa6_9e11_4be8_932a_ae3c792ab17d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DataProcessingApplication"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cc01751d_dd05_429b_9d0c_1b7a74d1f277 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The negative of ElementaryCharge."@en ; + "ElectronCharge"@en ; + "The charge of an electron."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cc741dde_2c7c_46ef_bb66_16a6d12c2a88 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) , + ( + + ) ; + "AntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ccb1ccaa_c8bd_47a4_b572_ca809325ac68 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MultiplicationFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471" ; + "10-78.1" ; + "Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cd2cd0de_e0cc_4ef1_b27e_2e88db027bac + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space."@en ; + "Length"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length" ; + "3-1.1" ; + "Extend of a spatial dimension."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cd981768_f96b_4b65_85e6_19216c0e1dd4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GFactor"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266" ; + "Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cd9ad446_04f7_44ff_b9ea_ae7389574fa6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cdc5a859_de8d_401a_b2fd_6bed90aad310 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MolarEntropy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876" ; + "9-8" ; + "Entropy per amount of substance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cdc962d8_f3ea_4764_a57a_c7caa4859179 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthFractionUnit"@en ; + "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths."@en ; + "Unit for plane angle."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cde4368c_1d4d_4c94_8548_604749523c6d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity."""@en ; + "Conductivity" ; + "ElectricConductivity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291" ; + "6-43" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ce7d4720_aa20_4a8c_93e8_df41a35b6723 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CatalyticActivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ceaa4c6b_f5b7_46f4_bfcd_16eb4afab945 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AreaTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ceaaf9f7_fd11_424b_8fda_9afa186af186 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ObjectPart"@en ; + "Constituent"@en ; + "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object."@en ; + "A tire is a constituent of a car."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cf972459_e649_4aa8_9676_3d219b5e0fe6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + + + ) ; + "RedQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cff5ef70_96eb_4ea3_9bea_fe1fbe6177be + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "QualityFactor"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03" ; + "10-82" ; + "Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cff9f930_f3f7_43c6_9228_28bf3e1ec706 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermalResistanceUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d0200cf1_e4f4_45ae_873f_b9359daea3cd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ModelledProperty"@en ; + "A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d02c92e0_99ba_4c09_b01f_0d7a7dd7b24e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LengthTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d02f6f3e_9e32_4188_a116_29dc304ceb49 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DrawForms"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d0bcf2ca_cd55_4f34_8fc2_2decc4c6087a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "StandaloneModelSimulation"@en ; + "A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d16ce022_5298_49a3_87a5_ca883faae18c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedDownQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d1917609_db5e_4b8a_9b76_ef1d6f860a81 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Force per unit oriented surface area ."@en , + "Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other."@en ; + "Stress"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress" ; + "4-15" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d1d436e7_72fc_49cd_863b_7bfb4ba5276a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation."@en ; + "Parameter"@en ; + "Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d26859bb_bb6e_47bb_b46e_c2253414808e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RelativeMassDefect"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718" ; + "10-22.2" ; + "Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d2a20142_b3a4_4d3b_a7e1_e17597e7f177 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "InversePermittivityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d2b37868_7b74_469b_ae26_0a7153c23222 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Exposure"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32" ; + "10-88" ; + "Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d2fc9fc2_7f50_495d_a311_1832349db6cb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "ElectronType"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d320f878_2be4_4927_aea6_d36a2ae2dd89 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PorcelainOrCeramicCasting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d324ae63_7574_4d73_b25b_96479e2626f2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "Lepton"@en ; + "An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d364e5e0_9652_4295_8f85_bd1297497377 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MaximumBetaParticleEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038" ; + "10-33" ; + "Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d368744e_bb2e_4d40_a7ef_762505b6027e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution"@en ; + "StandardAbsoluteActivity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936" ; + "9-26" ; + "Property of a solute in a solution."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d37eeb84_895f_4c30_bf60_387b3314a1a6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "BottomQuark"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d3eecd54_e9bf_4c6f_bef8_6086cb9aa7b5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Riveting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d3fce82a_4acb_40f9_bbcf_9b123dbe84af + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NeutronYieldPerAbsorption"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075" ; + "10-74.2" ; + "Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d46e131b_f51a_4ae7_9301_824d718c56fa + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ForcePerLengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d481815b_11bd_4cf6_a290_941062ee76ef + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "KermaRate"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28" ; + "10-86.2" ; + "Time derivative of kerma."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d4c95fa1_5bda_4063_a22d_62c81fcea284 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "JunctionTile"@en ; + "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d4deccf7_8cbf_4766_bf3d_57db491fa637 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Curvature"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature" ; + "3-2" ; + "Inverse of the radius of curvature."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "GasSolidSuspension"@en ; + "A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase."@en ; + "Dust, sand storm."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d4f7d378_5e3b_468a_baa1_a7e98358cda7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as \"what clocks read\"."@en ; + "Time"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time" ; + "One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space."@en ; + "3-7" ; + "The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d5888438_b092_4057_b8df_966cf6034fb2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ComptonWavelength"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377" ; + "10-20" ; + "Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d5adc819_d4b2_4661_b429_1705b75d5053 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Assignment"@en ; + "A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator."@en ; + "The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d5b6a25a_408a_408d_aebc_e017260d885d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d5be1faf_0c56_4f5a_9b78_581e6dee949f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture."@en ; + "Concentration"@en , + "MolarConcentration"@en , + "Molarity"@en ; + "AmountConcentration"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d5e14e54_fa64_4638_83d3_faced4575e72 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenDownQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d5f3e0e5_fc7d_4e64_86ad_555e74aaff84 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)." ; + "Schneiden" ; + "Cutting"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d64920b5_acd0_4e29_893e_ae03b3d7cdaf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed."@en ; + "AssemblyLine"@en ; + "A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d64a491b_d160_4adf_bba1_1a3f0624f0ea + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MeanLinearRange"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589" ; + "10-56" ; + "Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d69d2e95_b22f_499a_a552_17fde0d778fc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LiquidFoam"@en ; + "A foam of trapped gas in a liquid."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d700aed9_2eb9_4e26_ba30_81cc36157fb1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FiberboardManufacturing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d722016a_4907_497b_b0d3_cfd10adfef26 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "LinearDensity"@en , + "LineicMass"@en ; + "LinearMassDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11" ; + "4-6" ; + "Mass per length."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d7432d8c_3182_4d61_a08f_dc686efaabe9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FormingFromLiquid"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d772fa7a_0a31_44bb_a825_ae7829d794c6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "RadialDistance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26" ; + "3-1.9" ; + "Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747."""@en , + """In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia]"""@en ; + "Model"@en , + "Simulacrum"@en ; + "Icon"@en ; + "A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure."@en ; + "A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person."@en , + "An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget """In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia]"""@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; + "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Simulacrum"@en ; + "From Latin simulacrum (\"likeness, semblance\")"@en + ] . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; + "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d7d2ca25_03e1_4099_9220_c1a58df13ad0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles."@en ; + "FineStructureConstant"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d7efc862_981f_4909_925b_700cd93070fc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance."@en ; + "ThermalResistance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45" ; + "5-12" ; + "Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d8030875_6d89_4645_9728_bbc3b8690609 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ReactivePower"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44" ; + "6-60" ; + "Imaginary part of the complex power."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d859588d_44dc_4614_bc75_5fcd0058acc8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation."@en ; + "Wavenumber"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber" ; + "3-18" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d8612fa0_c0fb_485d_b45a_1845e7a46796 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CanonicalPartitionFunction"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389" ; + "9-35.2" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d8aa8e1f_b650_416d_88a0_5118de945456 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption."@en ; + "ConventionalProperty"@en ; + "A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose."@en ; + """The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Language"@en ; + "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Language"@en ; + "From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d9589ed2_5304_48b3_9795_11bf44e64e9b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "State"@en ; + "Status"@en ; + "An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process."@en ; + "A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d97b27cb_61a4_4568_a38b_4edd4f224acc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "CurrentFraction"@en , + "TransferrenceNumber"@en ; + "IonTransportNumber"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854" ; + "9-46" ; + "Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181" , + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_da4ea7e3_6e60_410b_a209_6ea735a6b10c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "BurgersVector"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093" ; + "12-6" ; + "Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_da831168_975a_41f8_baae_279c298569da + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity."@en ; + "NewtonianConstantOfGravity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_da9e740a_6056_4fa5_a663_c6622e1972d8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RedUpAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dabe353b_8bfc_4da7_8ac7_8f52786d16f8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Assigned"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "wärmebehandeln" ; + "HeatTreatment"@en ; + "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties." . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dad35c10_dd6c_4602_8474_f4ef68517fe9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) ; + "FundamentalMatterParticle"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dae32a4a_d8da_4047_81b0_36a9713fdce1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ThermodynamicalQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dafdcae3_f8ec_4993_8269_2c9299a75158 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_db03061b_db31_4132_a47a_6a634846578b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing,"@en ; + "IonAtom"@en ; + "A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_db716151_6b73_45ff_910c_d182fdcbb4f5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + "BaseUnit"@en ; + "A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units."@en ; + "base unit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "URN"@en ; + "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_db9a009e_f097_43f5_9520_6cbc07e7610b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NaturalLaw"@en ; + "A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dbb2ae7f_9f47_41b3_bf68_d9bece864e2c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "NeutrinoType"@en ; + "An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ShotPeening" , + "Verfestigungsstrahlen" ; + "Peening"@en ; + "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)" . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc1370b5_3902_4652_8736_0804d88dd128 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GrueneisenParamter"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656" ; + "12-14" ; + "Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc3a6b2d_e31d_491a_ab40_c433f8dd8d48 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Cementing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc467621_3b49_4f31_9b09_82290f29da52 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−."@en , + "The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero."@en ; + "IonizationNumber"@en ; + "ChargeNumber"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17"@en ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number" ; + "10-5.2"@en ; + "For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc5dee4e_4305_4a21_8dd5_4e8311c98c73 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Determined"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc6c8de0_cfc4_4c66_a7dc_8f720e732d54 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + "AtomicMassNumber" , + "NucleonNumber" ; + "MassNumber"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber" ; + "Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dcc63058_f36a_4f49_a109_a8c3de88d890 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + + + ) ; + "GreenQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dcca141c_dba1_4f83_86ac_f4cb2d9a1bdd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + + + ) ; + "BlueQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dd48bd88_9855_4da9_9297_41ae8a3c41fc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NuclearRadius"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676" ; + "10-19.1" ; + "Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included,"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dd4a7f3e_ef56_466c_ac1a_d2716b5f87ec + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling)."@en ; + "PhysicalProperty"@en , + "QuantitativeProperty"@en ; + "ObjectiveProperty"@en ; + "A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure."@en ; + """The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dd4b7d81_28a9_4801_8831_4cbab217e362 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process." ; + "ArchetypeForming" , + "PrimitiveForming" ; + "WorkpieceForming"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dd891386_9d00_4d6f_8fad_f69e0522d47a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "UpAntiQuarkType"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dd92c2ae_3ca4_49bc_9147_d82b96f7505e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042" ; + "10-60" ; + "Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ddcc1e64_69cc_4a0c_9ee8_08aca78b3c85 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ddecfff6_d3a1_4972_b9e9_3d0ca11a3a0b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "IterativeWorkflow"@en ; + "A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_de021e4f_918f_47ef_a67b_11120f56b9d7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant."@en , + "The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum."@en ; + "PermeabilityOfVacuum" ; + "VacuumMagneticPermeability"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum" ; + "6-26.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_de5e558c_2066_4b1f_b888_e2503bcafee0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "TauAntiNeutrino"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_de649cb1_7ec0_4a2e_ad55_d84e4ccd88b0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "TotalAngularMomentum" ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506" ; + "10-11" ; + "Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_df1d3a25_eba2_4530_9803_d82d349f4051 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_df808271_df91_4f27_ba59_fa423c51896c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] ; + "Neutron"@en ; + "An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_df8b283c_c02a_4158_b65e_60de7bb0b550 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat."@en ; + "MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60"@en ; + "Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dfcff795_0fe9_4eb7_8f8f_879bb50939c9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "PeltierCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003" ; + "12-22" ; + "Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dfd22e00_993b_40cc_a4ad_1134c1e3007a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AngularDisplacement"@en ; + "RotationalDisplacement"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038" ; + "3-6" ; + "Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e024544d_e374_45b7_9340_1982040bc6b7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElementalMolecule"@en ; + "Homonuclear"@en ; + "A molecule composed of only one element type."@en ; + "Hydrogen molecule (H₂)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e04884d9_eda6_487e_93d5_7722d7eda96b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) + +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. + +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude."""@en ; + "Persistence"@en ; + "The union of the object or process classes."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e0aaed83_9224_4bd8_a960_a813c4569412 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Repetency"@en ; + "Wavenumber"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber" ; + "3-20" ; + "Reciprocal of the wavelength."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "GasLiquidSuspension"@en ; + "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase."@en ; + "Rain, spray."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e0feea8c_318e_4dcf_92f0_751e228ed99d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Permeance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29" ; + "6-40" ; + "Inverse of the reluctance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e12dcfa4_c9f1_4546_9a12_8457c052e6ba + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "WellFormedTessellation"@en ; + "SpatioTemporalTessellation" ; + "A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e13b2173_1dec_4b97_9ac1_1dc4b418612a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "UTF8"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e150fa8d_06dc_4bb8_bf95_04e2aea529c1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Electric field strength divided by the current density."@en ; + "Resistivity" ; + "ElectricResistivity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04" ; + "6-44" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e16033b0_cb72_4d02_84fa_4df7f54a9c4e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpecificGibbsEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636" ; + "5-21.5" ; + "Gibbs energy per unit mass."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1ae2427_e902_44ae_bac2_8ac80939c457 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueBottomQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1f38566_ba25_4c09_9282_eea2b86cb90b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CentrifugalCasting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e2000aeb_e3ab_41b7_a790_7c8bd02d0b6e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GluonType6"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e218c625_6a39_47a9_8d08_a2ef41c152a9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SpecificEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy" ; + "5-21.1" ; + "Energy per unit mass"@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e258099f_5361_463c_ba1d_51d7d730630f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FlameCutting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e2b08775_a0f6_4bf7_b228_53dc2299f114 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PlasmaCutting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e2ee1c98_497a_4f66_b4ed_5711496a848e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "LuminousFlux"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux" ; + "7-13" ; + "Perceived power of light."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e35d2cb2_e915_4667_bbe1_1149b19777cb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ExtentOfReaction"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046" ; + "9-31" ; + "Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e35d4936_b2e3_4cd6_a437_f1c864b3d450 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MassFluxUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e3727dab_74f9_438b_90f0_d03ea76c31fc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GibbsFreeEnergy"@en ; + "GibbsEnergy"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23" ; + "5-20.5" ; + "Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e37ac288_aa60_415a_8cb7_c375724ac8e1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Derivative of velocity with respect to time."@en ; + "Acceleration"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration" ; + "3-9.1" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e37ec2b9_aed3_4549_ad25_5f78d31cac06 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ThermalEfficiency"@en ; + "ThermodynamicEfficiency"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104" ; + "5-25.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4281979_2b07_4a43_a772_4903fb3696fe + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Dust"@en ; + "A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e467cc3f_676c_432e_b70e_19237d1bcc78 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "IlluminanceTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e46f3f24_c2ec_4552_8dd4_cfc5c0a89c09 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time."@en ; + "RadiantFlux"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4791212_5a13_4aa6_aac2_08704550dcc3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "AngularRepetency"@en ; + "AngularWaveNumber"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089" ; + "12-9.1" ; + "In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4de48b1_dabb_4490_ac2b_040f926c64f0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness."@en ; + "Breadth"@en ; + "Width"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20" ; + "3-1.2" ; + "Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e4e80813_f379_4091_b017_ee059811f806 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SizeDefinedMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e501069c_34d3_4dc7_ac87_c90c7342192b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e5438930_04e7_4d42_ade5_3700d4a52ab7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities."@en ; + "MaterialRelation"@en ; + "An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables)."@en ; + """The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e55d4f6d_2506_4f63_8e01_1963efe7071e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SectionAreaIntegralUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e56ee3eb_7609_4ae1_8bed_51974f0960a6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment """An equation with variables can always be represented as: + +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables."""@en ; + "Equation"@en ; + "The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions."@en ; + """2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y"""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e5728eea_e805_433e_a426_56c4fe811e67 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "WPositiveBoson"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e59eb557_3a0f_4532_9984_deed22f94952 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MagneticSusceptibility"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37" ; + "6-28" ; + "Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e5e17147_64a9_47c9_b3d1_2d4ab23eed54 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ExchangeIntegral"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959" ; + "12-34" ; + "constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e6110006_88b9_45cd_9f9c_a2a91c0c21f8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricChargePerAmountUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e689c57f_2a8e_4bea_8750_a4fa015a1989 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron"@en , + "MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron"@en ; + "GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076" ; + "10-12.2" ; + "Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e6a173ac_40e9_4616_8883_710b358f5c85 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ElectronRadius"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581" ; + "10-19.2" ; + "Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e6b83139_ba92_4fbd_a8b2_c8dde55844a1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticFieldStrengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e6e7277a_1d40_4be5_a3a9_afd3da53d937 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ElectrolyticConductivity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03" ; + "9-44"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e6efd70d_87b4_4e18_a471_9b29c7a1fe16 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ShortRangeOrderParameter"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979" ; + "12-5.1" ; + "fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e75fdaed_cb4e_41ba_8aa3_4cfa5087358f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MagnetomotiveForce"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60" ; + "6-37.3" ; + "Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e7848014_ad79_422d_be02_74df892f7c11 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Computer"@en ; + "ComputerSystem"@en ; + "Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + ) , + ( + + ) ; + "CausalSystem"@en ; + "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en ; + "A non-path causal structure"@en ; + "A electron binded by a nucleus."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; + "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e7adbaa9_ae34_42e4_8101_cbd38851dcab + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "DownAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e7bc8939_7ff8_4917_beb5_c42730b390f3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpeedFractionUnit"@en ; + "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds."@en ; + "Unit for refractive index."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e7c9f7fd_e534_4441_88fe_1fec6cb20f26 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SolidAngle"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle" ; + "3-6" ; + "Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e7cbc129_0d05_41a2_851a_10b198cd7ca2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "Hypothesis"@en ; + "A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e7ec6ee1_9de2_4791_a826_15b7682b6bee + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ParticleNumberDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569" ; + "10-62.1" ; + "Mean number of particles per volume."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e84be61e_6f6f_43e2_b91d_86898a5dc7c4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ThermalDiffusionRatio"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433" ; + "9-40.1" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e86c84bd_af21_402d_a1ad_42a90599f9eb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpecificInternalEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367" ; + "5-21.2" ; + "Internal energy per unit mass."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e88f75d6_9a17_4cfc_bdf7_43d7cea5a9a1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'."@en ; + "Resistance"@en ; + "ElectricResistance"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358" ; + "6-46" ; + "Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e9244742_c185_4c50_b455_c57654852582 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2020"@en ; + "PrimitiveForming"@en , + "Urformen"@de ; + "ArchetypeManufacturing"@en ; + "A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e9348e5b_af4f_4898_bbfe_c4583cf44b80 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountConcentrationUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e93927b4_f403_4df8_8801_1162558a9b3e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "DiffusionArea"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292" ; + "10-72.2" ; + "One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e94a9156_fb6c_4e16_88ee_829ac9933155 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Path"@en ; + "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; + """/etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\\\Users\\\\John\\\\Desktop (DOS-like path)"""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e963f280_1599_4ee8_bb74_439a4bc6412d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Kerma"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36" ; + "10-86.1" ; + "Kinetic energy released per mass."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en ; + "PhysicsBasedSimulation"@en ; + "A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e980389d_6dfe_4156_9b40_32050c9644a5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MolarMass"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623" ; + "9-4" ; + "Mass per amount of substance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e9907887_f266_4d81_9b2d_ba5137c914dd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TransientLiquidPhaseSintering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e998cee4_ac07_47a0_a12c_43eda1d9e750 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ReactionEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745" ; + "10-37.1" ; + "In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e999f9e0_7d63_4564_9028_07246580a267 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Naming"@en ; + "A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule."@en ; + "A unique id attached to an entity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LiquidSolidSuspension"@en ; + "A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase."@en ; + "Mud"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ea00dafc_ac92_4e67_aa65_ce5a29e77fcf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TransformationLanguage"@en ; + "A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal."@en , + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language"^^xsd:anyURI ; + "Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ea47add2_8e93_4659_a5f0_e6879032dee0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "RollingResistanceFactor"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044" ; + "4-23.3" ; + "Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Observer"@en ; + "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ea7ef02a_589c_4971_908d_dee6688eebda + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MutualInductance"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36" ; + "6-41.2" ; + "Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ead7c629_824a_410f_afec_579f08894c78 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "AmountPerMass"@en ; + "Molality"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19"@en ; + "9-15" ; + "quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "Item"@en ; + """A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs."""@en ; + "The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes."@en ; + "The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; + "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb3c61f0_3983_4346_a0c6_e7f6b90a67a8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Graviton"@en ; + "The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles."@en ; + """While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields."""@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb561764_276e_413d_a8cb_3a3154fd9bf8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Resistance quantum."@en ; + "VonKlitzingConstant"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant" ; + "The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb77076b_a104_42ac_a065_798b2d2809ad + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ChemicalElement"@en ; + "Atom"@en ; + """A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en ; + "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb85216f_b872_4ee5_9f62_655aa2ae0470 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AddingManufacturing" ; + "MergingManufacturing"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eb95a619_ca07_4678_a809_10021b25a13f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "TauNeutrino"@en ; + "A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ebb26c39_dbbc_4363_b784_88d9110e4d5b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GluonType3"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ebd133e3_b823_478d_984f_1e399c6c99aa + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LinearAttenuationCoefficient"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31" ; + "10-49" ; + "In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ebf9a5c6_ca80_45d4_a991_24a1bf4b6720 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricFieldStrengthUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec1aa2cd_74eb_4506_81d1_901a3124aaba + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LightAndRadiationQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Mixture"@en ; + "A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec502e30_b9ec_4216_90c6_f67d2df75627 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "LinkedModelsSimulation"@en ; + "A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec7464a9_d99d_45f8_965b_4e9230ea8356 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "EngineeredMaterial"@en , + "ProcessedMaterial"@en ; + "ManufacturedMaterial"@en ; + "A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec767367_a773_4935_80ea_dd6a5eaefb54 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "AreicMass"@en , + "SurfaceDensity"@en ; + "SurfaceMassDensity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10" ; + "4-5" ; + "at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec903946_ddc9_464a_903c_7373e0d1eeb5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MagneticFluxDensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec987ba8_a548_4fc9_9df6_a834daebd140 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MomentumUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material" ; + "Kleben" ; + "Gluing"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ecec2983_7c26_4f8d_a981_51ca29668baf + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "InverseLength" ; + "ReciprocalLength"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength" ; + "The inverse of length."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added" ; + "Tiefziehen" ; + "DeepDrawing"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ecf938f1_bc37_4897_841d_092cd37f74de + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "Extinction"@en ; + "Attenuation"@en ; + "3-26.1" ; + "Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ClassicalData"@en ; + "Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ed4af7ae_63a2_497e_bb88_2309619ea405 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + "Mass"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass" ; + "4-1" ; + "Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ed7dd267_e2ee_4565_8117_e5c1eafa3e66 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EndTile"@en ; + . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_edfa7d90_6b21_4669_b9b1_13c77de760eb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "AntiNeutrinoType"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Tiling"@en ; + "Tessellation"@en ; + "A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps."@en ; + "A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts."@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation"^^xsd:anyURI + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ee7ddcb8_ad8e_4ff7_a09f_889d8edf8f8b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures."@en ; + "AreicHeatFlowRate"@en ; + "DensityOfHeatFlowRate"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37" ; + "5-8" ; + "Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ee837ed0_2355_4802_b3cd_a8fab297d244 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MolarEnthalpy"@en ; + "Enthalpy per amount of substance."@en , + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977" ; + "9-6.2" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ee98501a_5036_48b5_902b_4c68c6eeec1e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "TotalCrossSection"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553" ; + "10-38.2" ; + "Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eead19f5_c0cd_4946_a501_c870bb50f3b1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ElectricSusceptibility"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19" ; + "6-16" ; + "Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eefaa0ef_e7d4_4633_bf79_655bb55f4a49 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NumberOfTurnsInAWinding"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997" ; + "6-38" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_efe73b0e_006b_417a_98a7_6db26b3ce2ac + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ModulusOfImpedance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44" ; + "6-51.4" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eff42cb3_208e_4768_9a39_f8b6b3c3d7a2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Computation"@en ; + "A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language)."@en ; + """A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset."""@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Computation"@en ; + "From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”)."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f055e217_0b1b_4e7e_b8be_7340211b0c5e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpatiallyFundamental"@en ; + "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f0644f69_7337_4385_9d4a_4401b7bf3302 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SparkPlasmaSintering"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f0b8bace_151e_4f54_8129_c180fd83ae44 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "NeelTemperature"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52" ; + "12-35.2" ; + "Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f0b903be_d86f_4d28_9f42_b4d4753e2cf4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "IonizationEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39" ; + "12-24.2" ; + "Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f1025834_0cd2_42a1_bfeb_13bec41c8655 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Suggestion of Rickard Armiento" ; + "CrystallineMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] + ] + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AntiMatter"@en ; + "Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter."@en ; + "This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f14ae884_9345_4de4_a322_362329517e3e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SpecificEntropy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705" ; + "5-19" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f17133c2_bb33_4ffd_89fa_eef2b403d5e6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level."@en ; + "NumberOfElements"@en ; + "Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f19ff3b4_6bfe_4c41_a2b2_9affd39c140b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "MaterialLaw"@en ; + "A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f1a51559_aa3d_43a0_9327_918039f0dfed + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Extent of an object in space."@en ; + "Volume"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume" ; + "3-4" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f1be7d92_c57d_4698_a0ba_968130a3f9e1 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "SpecificGasConstant"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268" ; + "5-26" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f1d0f28b_7575_4e82_8d22_cb5b46b84cfd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GravityCasting"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f273529f_9f2c_4877_a94b_5b47590353fc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Assigner"@en ; + "A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object."@en ; + "I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f2c1a072_4ccb_46c4_a0f8_ac801d328d0f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SquareTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f2ca6dd0_0e5f_4392_a92d_cafdae6cfc95 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SIExactConstant"@en ; + "Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f2d5d3ad_2e00_417f_8849_686f3988d929 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system."@en ; + "MeasuringInstrument"@en ; + """Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM"""@en ; + "measuring instrument"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f321cf62_99e4_418e_bb3e_3dfcc91f701f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "BlueUpQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f33cbdf9_c9d0_4dc5_a875_21d6f9c24ee4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "StrangeAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f35cff4d_dc09_44cf_a729_22fb79e3bfb2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1" ; + "InternationalSystemOfQuantity"@en ; + "Quantities declared under the ISO 80000."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f3dd74c0_f480_49e8_9764_33b78638c235 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PlaneAngle"@en ; + "Angle"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle" ; + "Ratio of circular arc length to radius."@en ; + "3-5" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f42a0e95_c130_4a69_9660_6bfdbb897d4a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ShellScript"@en ; + "A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f4a30d7e_8e8b_41e6_9695_d33a68f54f4b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AngularFrequency"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency" ; + "3-18" ; + "Rate of change of the phase angle."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency" ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f4cce1ec_c7dd_4061_8c46_7a24fdcd07ca + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "Dissociation may occur stepwise."@en ; + "DissociationFraction"@en ; + "DegreeOfDissociation"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09"@en ; + "9-43" ; + "ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f508dec1_e2d8_43d5_ae65_c386c7b330f9 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SquareTimePerMassUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f53bafb6_b17d_4eb9_ad58_9d209f70dbfd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ElectricFieldStrength"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18" ; + "6-10" ; + "Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test." ; + "Hobeln" ; + "Planing"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f6070071_d054_4b17_9d2d_f446f7147d0f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "EnergyUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f658c301_ce93_46cf_9639_4eace2c5d1d5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass + ] ; + rdfs:comment """Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + +So, for the EMMO the symbol \"kg\" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string \"1 kg\" is a 'QuantityValue'."""@en ; + "QuantityValue"@en ; + "A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit)."@en ; + """6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg)"""@en ; + "quantity value"@en ; + "A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write \"10 kg\", without assigning this quantity to a specific object."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f675294e_6f30_4b1d_a68e_a74e59f3b2fc + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MolarEnergy"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512" ; + "Energy per amount of substance."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f678173d_f036_4df1_a86b_2894560be617 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "CompositeMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f68858dd_64f4_4877_b7fb_70d04fbe5bab + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ConstitutiveProcess"@en ; + "A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object."@en ; + "Blood circulation in a human body."@en ; + "A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f6d0c26a_98b6_4cf8_8632_aa259131faaa + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "MathematicalOperator"@en ; + "A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space."@en ; + "The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number."@en , + "The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f6fac54d_6b6d_4255_b217_4363a83f1834 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f76884f7_964e_488e_9bb7_1b2453e9e817 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Component"@en ; + "A constituent of a system."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f76f5a24_d703_4e8c_b368_f9a7777cb73a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "AmountFractionUnit"@en ; + "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance."@en ; + "Unit for amount fraction."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f7ed665b_c2e1_42bc_889b_6b42ed3a36f0 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment """A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968"""@en ; + "MathematicalModel"@en ; + "An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom + ] ; + "TemporalTiling"@en ; + "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Nucleus"@en ; + "The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f84b1b92_1dc8_4146_99f0_b03cd53e455b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "ScriptingLanguage"@en ; + "A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f8736fbd_b1e3_4fdc_bf5f_f69f54aef3bb + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "EnergyFluenceRate"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655" ; + "10-47" ; + "In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f87e79eb_f549_4a06_9c27_a3d1412444c6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( + + + ) + ] + ] ; + "Hyperon"@en ; + "A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark."@en ; + "This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f895cb83_2280_42e9_9f4c_047273e70d3c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TensorMeson"@en ; + "A meson with spin two."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f8a2fe9f_458b_4771_9aba_a50e76afc52d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "DifferentialOperator"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f8b20fd2_08b9_4368_b786_156e11d1cec8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FormingFromPowder"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom xsd:integer + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer + ] , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onDataRange xsd:integer + ] ; + "Integer"@en ; + "An integer number."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f8e436fb_61ed_4512_a5a5_bee90f0cec2f + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "NeutralWeakBoson"@en ; + "ZBoson"@en ; + "An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction."@en ; + "Z bosons are their own antiparticles."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Network"@en ; + "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f94e509a_be29_4365_a4cd_70165e47e232 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Modeller"@en ; + "A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f94fceab_966b_4ead_b615_f6b6b07dfd55 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ActivityConcentration"@en , + "VolumetricActivity"@en , + "VolumicActivity"@en ; + "ActivityDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09" ; + "10-29" ; + "Activity per unit volume of the sample."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f96feb3f_4438_4e43_aa44_7458c4d87fc2 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs"@en ; + """The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system."""@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f9bc8b52_85e9_4b53_b969_dd7724d5b8e4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + ; + "Expression"@en ; + "A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f9cc7a8e_bad7_40ea_be23_71dc6d0363df + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PropagationCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18" ; + "3-26.3" ; + "Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "FundamentalBoson"@en ; + "A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics."@en ; + "A boson that is a single elementary particle."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons"@en . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "FundamentalBoson"@en ; + "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "BeginTile"@en ; + . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fa957390_cdfb_4dda_b160_94ae25bd2254 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "GroupSpeed"@en ; + "GroupVelocity"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity" ; + "3-23.2" ; + "Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fa9c8c56_314f_4a5a_a71d_bae66446b185 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PermeabilityUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fa9cfc5d_9c3c_4856_a708_28be3858917e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "MaterialSynthesis"@en ; + "The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding)."@en ; + "Deals with undefined shapes both input and output."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_faab3f84_e475_4a46_af9c_7d249f0b9aef + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:comment """Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). \"Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions\". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394."""@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012" ; + "RatioQuantity"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio" ; + "The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality."@en ; + """refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant""" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fb1e757e_087e_4541_847f_392990643f64 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LatentHeat"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721" ; + "5-6.2"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fb27e6d6_159e_48a6_9c29_76dc31d8a860 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PolymericMaterial"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fb294e8d_603c_4fe5_bd71_8f4d152b2fb5 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SpecificationLanguage"@en ; + "A language used to describe what a computer system should do."@en ; + "ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ..."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language"^^xsd:anyURI . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fbcc3aad_c58a_4185_bcc9_859db779b226 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation"@en ; + "A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method."@en ; + "Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fbd27874_80aa_4aac_997b_91ab766342ac + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "NuclearMagneton" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093" ; + "10-9.3" ; + "Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fbef8d6b_9340_4ea0_bb38_26f66a5dee60 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "SlowingDownLength"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963" ; + "10-73.1" ; + "Square root of the slowing down area."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fbf354a6_a466_4467_9473_a90b68f5d032 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "GreenCharmAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fc1987b2_afff_4dc6_a102_bdd9f024b03b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Action"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51"@en ; + "4-32" ; + "Physical quantity of dimension energy × time."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fc457a08_9b93_4a00_bdcb_a806f30bcf90 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Susceptance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54" ; + "6-52.3" ; + "imaginary part of the admittance"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fc47b76f_ad01_4cd0_8fc6_55532000e7c8 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "UpQuarkType"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "esce workpiece" ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2020"@en ; + "Stoffeigenschaft ändern" , + "WorkPieceTreatment" ; + "MaterialTreatment"@en ; + "The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena."@en ; + "Has shaped bodies as input and output."@en , + "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes." . + +[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedSource ; + owl:annotatedProperty ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes." ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12" + ] . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fc86c700_ccea_441c_b628_ad236f030fe6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ; + "NonTemporalRole"@en ; + "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fcdf3dd6_c5d7_40d2_b062_b5580e37a9bd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MagneticTension"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57" ; + "6-37.2" ; + "Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fced2382_9c23_47a1_8246_a5dcd45ad99c + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PressurePerTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fcfc9256_1159_44d2_b4c2_bac1b85698da + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MassAttenuationCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27" ; + "10-50" ; + "Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fd4a6307_f9f7_4b54_b044_caa04e620232 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355" ; + "12-36.2" ; + "For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fd6559e8_ef94_460c_9dfc_bad5c68d63b4 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "GaugeBoson"@en ; + "A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier."@en ; + "All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons."@en , + "Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fdae3f5a_8f8c_4875_a784_5beda43d3009 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "PhysicalyUnbonded"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fdd744f7_72e5_4060_86a7_93ff361237d6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "FermiTemperature"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324" ; + "12-28" ; + "in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fe3eb868_8745_4fea_8370_4313d0531c18 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "DynamicFrictionForce"@en ; + "KineticFrictionForce"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629" ; + "4-9.4" ; + "Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fe573dc7_9aac_49f2_9390_02cf697bfe53 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "ThermalConductance"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46" ; + "5-13" ; + "Reciprocal of the thermal resistance."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fe7e56ce_118b_4243_9aad_20eb9f4f31f6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Unknown"@en ; + "The dependent variable for which an equation has been written."@en ; + "Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fea5076a_20d0_4277_a4f1_d0eebd3b0d0e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "RadiusOfCurvature"@en ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30" ; + "https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature" ; + "3-1.12" ; + "Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fec651dc_8962_48c3_8b30_1115b2dd7c16 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ThermoelectricVoltage"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637" ; + "12-20" ; + "Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect."@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ff010476_5153_422b_99ad_0cd59b226892 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + ) ; + "DownQuarkType"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ff1212da_108e_4aaf_a2b0_b691fe53685e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "PhaseChangeCoefficient"@en ; + "PhaseCoefficient"@en ; + "https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20" ; + "3-26.2" ; + "Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave."@en ; + "The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ff4dfc0f_6d79_41e1_9e32_68801bdea085 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter"@en ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620" ; + "12-13" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ffb73b1e_5786_43e4_a964_cb32ac7affb7 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + rdfs:comment "Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'."@en ; + "Conductance"@en ; + "ElectricConductance"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance" ; + "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017" ; + "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06" ; + "6-47" ; + "Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material."@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ffbacbc4_c3be_4cc5_9539_94344e72f7a6 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:hasValue "T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ffc7735f_c177_46a4_98e9_a54440d29209 + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + rdfs:comment "The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity."@en ; + "BoltzmannConstant"@en ; + "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant" ; + """A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system."""@en ; + "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695" . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ffd65547_6a7e_499d_826a_cee9e7d669fd + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( + + + + + + ) ; + "GreenAntiQuark"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ffe760a2_9d1f_4aef_8bee_1f450f9cb00d + rdf:type owl:Class ; + owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( + + ) ; + rdf:type owl:Class + ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "MathematicalConstruct"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e + rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ; + owl:someValuesFrom + ] ; + "Intensity"@en ; + "Power transferred per unit area."@en ; + "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics)"@en . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#1c7f2dfe_0db4_4bf6_a0f6_853054a34ead + rdf:type owl:Class . + + +################################################################# +# Individuals +################################################################# + +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 + rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , + , + , + , + ; + "universe"@en ; + "The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique."@en . + + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +################################################################# +# Annotations +################################################################# + + "uneceCommonCode"@en ; + "The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade."@en . + + + "omReference"@en ; + "IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure."@en ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM" , + "https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html" . + + + "metrologicalReference"@en . + + +################################################################# +# General axioms +################################################################# + +[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; + owl:members ( + + + + + + + + + ) +] . + + +[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; + owl:members ( + + + + + + + + + + ) +] . + + +################################################################# +# Rules +################################################################# + + rdf:type . + + rdf:type . + + rdf:type . + +[ rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en ; + rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en ; + rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en ; + rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; + rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ "Transitivity for parthood."@en ; + rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en ; + rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ rdfs:comment "Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities."^^rdfs:Literal ; + rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en ; + rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +[ "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en ; + rdf:type ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] ; + [ rdf:type ; + rdf:first [ rdf:type ; + ; + ; + + ] ; + rdf:rest rdf:nil + ] + ] . + +### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi diff --git a/chameo.ttl b/chameo.ttl index 08fe2d5..55c2124 100644 --- a/chameo.ttl +++ b/chameo.ttl @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix bibo: . -@prefix emmo: . +@prefix emmo: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . @@ -16,19 +16,19 @@ rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; - owl:imports , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - ; + owl:imports , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + ; dcterms:abstract "CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation techniques and methodologies."@en ; dcterms:alternative "CHAMEO" ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "Work under review - not available yet" ; @@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationData rdf:type owl:Class ; ### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation chameo:CharacterisationDataValidation rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:label "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en ; @@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ chameo:DataAcquisitionRate rdf:type owl:Class ; ### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis chameo:DataAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:label "DataAnalysis"@en ; @@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ chameo:DataNormalisation rdf:type owl:Class ; ### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing chameo:DataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:label "DataPostProcessing"@en ; @@ -1243,7 +1243,7 @@ chameo:DataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; ### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataPreparation chameo:DataPreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:label "DataPreparation"@en ; diff --git a/doc/chameo-meta.yaml b/doc/chameo-meta.yaml index 46caeb9..9a807b4 100644 --- a/doc/chameo-meta.yaml +++ b/doc/chameo-meta.yaml @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- title: 'Characterisation Methodology Domain Ontology (CHAMEO)' -version: 1.0.0-beta5 +version: 1.0.0-beta7 author: - name: Emanuele Ghedini affiliation: Goldbeck Consulting diff --git a/documentation/ontology.jsonld b/documentation/ontology.jsonld index 23035d4..58e74c2 100644 --- a/documentation/ontology.jsonld +++ b/documentation/ontology.jsonld @@ -2,37 +2,37 @@ "@id" : "_:genid1", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid10", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid11", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid12", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid13", @@ -41,49 +41,49 @@ "@id" : "_:genid14" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid14", "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#inverseOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid15", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid16", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#unionOf" : [ { "@list" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8d2d9374_ef3a_47e6_8595_6bc208e07519" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8d2d9374_ef3a_47e6_8595_6bc208e07519" } ] } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid19", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid2", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onClass" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#qualifiedCardinality" : [ { "@type" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger", @@ -93,51 +93,51 @@ "@id" : "_:genid20", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid21", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid22", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid23", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#members" : [ { "@list" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess" } ] } ] }, { @@ -147,91 +147,91 @@ "@id" : "_:genid4" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid33", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#members" : [ { "@list" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest" } ] } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid4", "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#inverseOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid5", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid6", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid7", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { - 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Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science.\n\nThe sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "3D Atom Probe" @@ -443,23 +443,23 @@ "@value" : "AtomProbeTomography" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. 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They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen." } ], @@ -467,16 +467,16 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "CalibrationData" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement." } ], @@ -484,33 +484,33 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "CalibrationDataPostProcessing" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions\n1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and\n2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication\nNOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.\nNOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.\nNOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from\nmeasurement standards.\nNOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty\nfor the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the\npast the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.\nNOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement\nstandards.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)" } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49" }, { "@id" : "_:genid1" }, { @@ -521,20 +521,20 @@ "@value" : "CalibrationProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual" ], "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc" }, { "@id" : "_:genid3" } ], @@ -542,29 +542,29 @@ "@value" : "CalibrationTask" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Calorimetry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Calorimetry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Calorimetry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual" ], "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process" } ], @@ -572,33 +572,33 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@value" : "CharacterisationData" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Procedures to validate the characterisation data." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#1c7f2dfe_0db4_4bf6_a0f6_853054a34ead" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#1c7f2dfe_0db4_4bf6_a0f6_853054a34ead" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "CharacterisationDataValidation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc." } ], @@ -613,32 +613,32 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationEnvironment" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@value" : "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. 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Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the\nmeasurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring\nsystem specifications.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)" } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Measurement" } ], @@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb" }, { "@id" : "_:genid8" }, { @@ -733,14 +733,14 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc" }, { "@id" : "_:genid13" } ], @@ -749,19 +749,19 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationMeasurementTask" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The description of the overall characterisation method. 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EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "EBSD" @@ -1259,84 +1259,84 @@ "@value" : "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. 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Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Exafs" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. 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IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "IMS" @@ -1533,14 +1533,14 @@ "@value" : "IonMobilitySpectrometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. 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As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)" @@ -1813,9 +1813,9 @@ "@value" : "NuclearMagneticResonance" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages." } ], @@ -1823,72 +1823,72 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Operator" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Optical" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "OpticalMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. 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From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics." }, { @@ -2007,16 +2007,16 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Probe" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal" } ], @@ -2024,7 +2024,7 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce" }, { "@id" : "_:genid19" } ], @@ -2033,9 +2033,9 @@ "@value" : "ProbeSampleInteraction" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)" } ], @@ -2047,65 +2047,65 @@ "@value" : "ProcessingReproducibility" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Profilometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Profilometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. 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V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.\n\nRaman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.\n\nTypically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "RamanSpectroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated." }, { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time." }, { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector." } ], @@ -2113,39 +2113,39 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e" }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "RawData" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "RawSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination\nNOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property\nvalue.\nNOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.\nNOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.\nEXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.\nNOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.\nNOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.\nEXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.\nNOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to\nwhich International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.\nNOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality\ncontrol, but not both.\nNOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference\nmaterials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)" }, { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007]" } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Reference material" } ], @@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2169,20 +2169,20 @@ "@value" : "ReferenceSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { "@value" : "Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "Specimen" @@ -2192,27 +2192,27 @@ "@value" : "Sample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "SampleInspection" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement." } ], @@ -2220,7 +2220,7 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49" }, { "@id" : "_:genid20" }, { @@ -2233,9 +2233,9 @@ "@value" : "SamplePreparation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample." } ], @@ -2243,34 +2243,34 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "SamplePreparationHardware" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Parameter used for the sample preparation process" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d1d436e7_72fc_49cd_863b_7bfb4ba5276a" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d1d436e7_72fc_49cd_863b_7bfb4ba5276a" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "SamplePreparationParameter" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken." } ], @@ -2278,21 +2278,21 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "SamplingProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "AES" @@ -2302,14 +2302,14 @@ "@value" : "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "SEM" @@ -2319,14 +2319,14 @@ "@value" : "ScanningElectronMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "SKB" @@ -2336,28 +2336,28 @@ "@value" : "ScanningKelvinProbe" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "ScanningProbeMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "STM" @@ -2367,23 +2367,23 @@ "@value" : "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "ScatteringAndDiffraction" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Deconvoluted curves" }, { @@ -2394,7 +2394,7 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2405,14 +2405,14 @@ "@value" : "SecondaryData" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "SIMS" @@ -2422,27 +2422,27 @@ "@value" : "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "ShearOrTorsionTest" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity." } ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms." } ], @@ -2450,59 +2450,59 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Signal" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Spectrometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Spectroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Synchrotron", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Synchrotron", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Synchrotron" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "TensionTest" @@ -2512,14 +2512,14 @@ "@value" : "TensileTest" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "TMA" @@ -2529,14 +2529,14 @@ "@value" : "Thermochemical" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "TGA" @@ -2546,28 +2546,28 @@ "@value" : "Thermogravimetry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Tomography" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "TEM" @@ -2577,28 +2577,28 @@ "@value" : "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion.\n\nUltrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Ultrasonic" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "VPO" @@ -2608,14 +2608,14 @@ "@value" : "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Viscometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Viscometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "Viscosity" @@ -2625,42 +2625,42 @@ "@value" : "Viscometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Voltammetry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Voltammetry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Voltammetry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces.\nWear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "WearTest" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], - "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { + "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. 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"@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "hasSamplePreparationInput" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "hasSamplePreparationOutput" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "hasSamplePreparationParameter" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "hasSampledSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "requiresLevelOfExpertise" } ] }, { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { "@id" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" diff --git a/documentation/ontology.nt b/documentation/ontology.nt index 2ae03c6..d484901 100644 --- a/documentation/ontology.nt +++ b/documentation/ontology.nt @@ -1,45 +1,45 @@ - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - "CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation methodologies."@en . - "CHAMEO" . - "Work under review - not available yet" . - "Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)" . - "2022-03-03" . - "Daniele Toti" . - "Gerhard Goldbeck" . - "Pierluigi Del Nostro" . - "Characterisation Methodology Ontology"@en . - . - "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" . - "" . - "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" . - "2023-10-23T15:00:00Z" . - "EMMC ASBL" . - "" . - "CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology"@en . - "" . - "chameo"@en . - "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" . - "Contacts:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGerhard Goldbeck\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGoldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\temail: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com"@en . - "" . - "1.0.0-beta2" . - "1.0.0-beta3" . - "CHAMEO" . - . - "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png" . - . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + "CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation methodologies."@en . + "CHAMEO" . + "Work under review - not available yet" . + "Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)" . + "2022-03-03" . + "Daniele Toti" . + "Gerhard Goldbeck" . + "Pierluigi Del Nostro" . + "Characterisation Methodology Ontology"@en . + . + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" . + "" . + "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" . + "2023-10-23T15:00:00Z" . + "EMMC ASBL" . + "" . + "CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology"@en . + "" . + "chameo"@en . + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" . + "Contacts:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGerhard Goldbeck\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGoldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\temail: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com"@en . + "" . + "1.0.0-beta2" . + "1.0.0-beta3" . + "CHAMEO" . + . + "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png" . + . # # # ################################################################# @@ -103,267 +103,267 @@ # ################################################################# # # -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure - . - . - "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasAccessConditions - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasAccessConditions"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment - . - . - . - "" . - "hasCharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - . - . - . - . - "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty - . - . - . - . - "hasCharacterisationProperty"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware - . - . - . - "hasCharacterisationSoftware"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasDataAcquisitionRate"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataQuality - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasDataQuality"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataset - . - . - . - "hasDataset"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification - . - . - . - . - "hasHardwareSpecification"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHazard - . - . - . - "" . - "hasHazard"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHolder - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasHolder"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionVolume - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasInteractionVolume"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasInteractionWithProbe"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasInteractionWithSample"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLab - . - . - . - "hasLab"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasLevelOfAutomation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementDetector"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementParameter"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementProbe"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementSample"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementTime - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementTime"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator - . - . - . - "" . - "hasOperator"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle - . - . - . - . - "hasPeerReviewedArticle"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction - . - . - . - . - "hasPhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasPostProcessingModel"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasProcessingReproducibility"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - . - . - . - . - "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware - . - . - "hasSamplePreparationHardware"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput - . - . - . - . - "hasSamplePreparationInput"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasSamplePreparationOutput"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter - . - . - . - . - "hasSamplePreparationParameter"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasSampledSample"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise - . - . - . - "" . - "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure + . + . + "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasAccessConditions + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasAccessConditions"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment + . + . + . + "" . + "hasCharacterisationEnvironment"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + . + . + . + . + "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty + . + . + . + . + "hasCharacterisationProperty"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware + . + . + . + "hasCharacterisationSoftware"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasDataAcquisitionRate"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataQuality + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasDataQuality"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataset + . + . + . + "hasDataset"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification + . + . + . + . + "hasHardwareSpecification"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHazard + . + . + . + "" . + "hasHazard"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHolder + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasHolder"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionVolume + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasInteractionVolume"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasInteractionWithProbe"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasInteractionWithSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLab + . + . + . + "hasLab"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasLevelOfAutomation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementDetector"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementParameter"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementProbe"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementTime + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementTime"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator + . + . + . + "" . + "hasOperator"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle + . + . + . + . + "hasPeerReviewedArticle"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction + . + . + . + . + "hasPhysicsOfInteraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasPostProcessingModel"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasProcessingReproducibility"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + . + . + . + . + "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware + . + . + "hasSamplePreparationHardware"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput + . + . + . + . + "hasSamplePreparationInput"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasSamplePreparationOutput"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter + . + . + . + . + "hasSamplePreparationParameter"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasSampledSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise + . + . + . + "" . + "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en . # # # @@ -374,12 +374,12 @@ # ################################################################# # # -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration - . - . - . - . - "hasDateOfCalibration"@en . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration + . + . + . + . + "hasDateOfCalibration"@en . # # # @@ -390,1023 +390,1023 @@ # ################################################################# # # -# http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce - . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AccessConditions - . - . - "Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment"@en . - "In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these."@en . - "Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en . - "Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en . - "" . - "AccessConditions"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry - . - . - "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from."@en . - "AlphaSpectrometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Amperometry - . - . - "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en . - "Amperometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis."@en . - "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomProbeTomography - . - . - "Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science.\n\nThe sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy."@en . - "3D Atom Probe" . - "APT" . - "AtomProbeTomography"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy - . - . - "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en . - "AtomicForceMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData - . - . - "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en . - "" . - "CalibrationData"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing - . - . - "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement."@en . - "" . - "CalibrationDataPostProcessing"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess - . - . - _:genid1 . -_:genid1 . -_:genid1 . +# https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce + . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AccessConditions + . + . + "Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment"@en . + "In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these."@en . + "Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en . + "Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en . + "" . + "AccessConditions"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry + . + . + "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from."@en . + "AlphaSpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Amperometry + . + . + "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en . + "Amperometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis."@en . + "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomProbeTomography + . + . + "Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science.\n\nThe sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy."@en . + "3D Atom Probe" . + "APT" . + "AtomProbeTomography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy + . + . + "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en . + "AtomicForceMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData + . + . + "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en . + "" . + "CalibrationData"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing + . + . + "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement."@en . + "" . + "CalibrationDataPostProcessing"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess + . + . + _:genid1 . +_:genid1 . +_:genid1 . _:genid1 . - _:genid2 . -_:genid2 . + _:genid2 . +_:genid2 . _:genid2 "1"^^ . -_:genid2 . +_:genid2 . _:genid2 . - "Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions\n1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and\n2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication\nNOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.\nNOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.\nNOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from\nmeasurement standards.\nNOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty\nfor the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the\npast the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.\nNOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement\nstandards.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . - "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en . - "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en . - "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en . - "CalibrationProcess"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask - . - . - _:genid3 . -_:genid3 . + "Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions\n1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and\n2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication\nNOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.\nNOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.\nNOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from\nmeasurement standards.\nNOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty\nfor the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the\npast the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.\nNOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement\nstandards.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . + "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en . + "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en . + "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en . + "CalibrationProcess"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask + . + . + _:genid3 . +_:genid3 . _:genid3 _:genid4 . -_:genid4 . +_:genid4 . _:genid3 . - "Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow."@en . - "CalibrationTask" . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Calorimetry - . - . - "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter."@en . - "Calorimetry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData - . - . - "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationData" . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation - . - . - "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en . - "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment - . - _:genid5 . -_:genid5 . -_:genid5 . + "Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow."@en . + "CalibrationTask" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Calorimetry + . + . + "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter."@en . + "Calorimetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData + . + . + "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationData" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation + . + . + "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en . + "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment + . + _:genid5 . +_:genid5 . +_:genid5 . _:genid5 . - "Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment."@en . - "Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc."@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - . - . - "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment - . - . - "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained."@en . - "CharacterisationExperiment"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware - . - . - "Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process."@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationHardware"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - . - . - "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument - . - . - . - . - _:genid6 . -_:genid6 . -_:genid6 . + "Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment."@en . + "Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc."@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + . + . + "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment + . + . + "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained."@en . + "CharacterisationExperiment"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware + . + . + "Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process."@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationHardware"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + . + . + "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument + . + . + . + . + _:genid6 . +_:genid6 . +_:genid6 . _:genid6 . - _:genid7 . -_:genid7 . -_:genid7 . + _:genid7 . +_:genid7 . +_:genid7 . _:genid7 . - "Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary\ndevices\nNOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.\nNOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."@en . - "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en . - "In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter" . - "Measuring instrument"@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationInstrument" . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - . - . - _:genid8 . -_:genid8 . -_:genid8 . + "Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary\ndevices\nNOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.\nNOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."@en . + "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en . + "In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter" . + "Measuring instrument"@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationInstrument" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + . + . + _:genid8 . +_:genid8 . +_:genid8 . _:genid8 . - _:genid9 . -_:genid9 . -_:genid9 . + _:genid9 . +_:genid9 . +_:genid9 . _:genid9 . - _:genid10 . -_:genid10 . -_:genid10 . + _:genid10 . +_:genid10 . +_:genid10 . _:genid10 . - _:genid11 . -_:genid11 . -_:genid11 . + _:genid11 . +_:genid11 . +_:genid11 . _:genid11 . - _:genid12 . -_:genid12 . -_:genid12 . + _:genid12 . +_:genid12 . +_:genid12 . _:genid12 . - "Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information\nNOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.\nNOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,\nsuch that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.\nNOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the\nprocess of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.\nNOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at\nsome step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.\nNOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the\nquantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated\nmeasuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement\nconditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the\nmeasurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring\nsystem specifications.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . - "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en . - "Measurement"@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask - . - . - _:genid13 . -_:genid13 . + "Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information\nNOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.\nNOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,\nsuch that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.\nNOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the\nprocess of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.\nNOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at\nsome step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.\nNOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the\nquantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated\nmeasuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement\nconditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the\nmeasurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring\nsystem specifications.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . + "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en . + "Measurement"@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask + . + . + _:genid13 . +_:genid13 . _:genid13 _:genid14 . -_:genid14 . +_:genid14 . _:genid13 . - "Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow."@en . - "CharacterisationMeasurementTask"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod - . - . - . - "The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing)."@en . - "A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps." . - "Characterisation procedure"@en . - "Characterisation technique"@en . - "CharacterisationMethod"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation - . - . - "Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample."@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty - . - . - . - "The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model)."@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationProperty"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol - . - . - "A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories."@en . - "CharacterisationProtocol"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware - . - . - "A software application to process characterisation data"@en . - "In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data." . - "" . - "CharacterisationSoftware" . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSystem - . - . - _:genid15 . -_:genid15 . -_:genid15 . + "Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow."@en . + "CharacterisationMeasurementTask"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod + . + . + . + "The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing)."@en . + "A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps." . + "Characterisation procedure"@en . + "Characterisation technique"@en . + "CharacterisationMethod"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation + . + . + "Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample."@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty + . + . + . + "The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model)."@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationProperty"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol + . + . + "A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories."@en . + "CharacterisationProtocol"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware + . + . + "A software application to process characterisation data"@en . + "In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data." . + "" . + "CharacterisationSoftware" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSystem + . + . + _:genid15 . +_:genid15 . +_:genid15 . _:genid15 . - "Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and\nadapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for\nquantities of specified kinds\nNOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.\nNOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,\nMeasurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO\n17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.\nNOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the\nlatter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,\nincluding the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.\nNOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."@en . - "A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds."@en . - "Measuring system"@en . - "CharacterisationSystem"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution - . - . - "ChargeDistribution"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Chromatography - . - . - "Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components."@en . - "Chromatography"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest - . - . - "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads."@en . - "CompressionTest"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy - . - . - "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation."@en . - "ConfocalMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest - . - . - "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress."@en . - "CreepTest"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - . - . - "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate - . - . - "Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable."@en . - "" . - "DataAcquisitionRate"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis - . - . - "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en . - "DataAnalysis"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataFiltering - . - . - "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." . - "" . - "DataFiltering"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataNormalisation - . - . - "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en . - "It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction."@en . - "" . - "DataNormalisation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing - . - . - "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." . - "" . - "DataPostProcessing"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation - . - . - "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." . - "" . - "DataPreparation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration - . - "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en . - "" . - "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality - . - "Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material."@en . - "Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis)"@en . - "" . - "DataQuality"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector - . - . - "Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample."@en . - "Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM"@en . - "Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing"@en . - "" . - "Detector"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - . - . - "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS."@en . - "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex - . - . - "DifferentialRefractiveIndex"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - . - . - "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively."@en . - "DSC" . - "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis - . - . - "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample."@en . - "DTA" . - "DifferentialThermalAnalysis"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Dilatometry - . - . - "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions."@en . - "Dilatometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicLightScattering - . - . - "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en . - "DLS" . - "DynamicLightScattering"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - . - . - "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en . - "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - . - . - "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en . - "DMA" . - "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical - . - . - "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en . - "Electrochemical"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - . - . - . - "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en . - "EBSD" . - "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - . - . - "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en . - "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ellipsometry - . - . - "Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric\nproperties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is\nthe analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the\nlight that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic\nlayer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique\ncan probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."@en . - "Ellipsometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en . - "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Exafs - . - . - "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.\nWhen the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."@en . - "Exafs"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting - . - . - "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en . - "FatigueTesting"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic - . - . - "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en . - "FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis" . - "FibDic" . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en . - "FE-SEM" . - "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Fractography - . - . - "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en . - "Fractography"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - . - . - "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en . - "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#GammaSpectrometry - . - . - "Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2]\n\nMost radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.\n\nA detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."@en . - "GammaSpectrometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting - . - . - "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en . - "HardnessTesting"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Hazard - . - . - "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en . - "" . - "Hazard"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Holder - . - . - "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en . - "" . - "Holder"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume - . - . - "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en . - "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc."@en . - "In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …)."@en . - "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en . - "It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en . - "" . - "InteractionVolume"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IntermediateSample - . - . - "IntermediateSample"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonChromatography - . - . - "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en . - "IonChromatography"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry - . - . - "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en . - "IMS" . - "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - . - . - "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).\n\nIMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."@en . - "IMC" . - "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Laboratory - . - "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." . - "" . - "Laboratory" . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation - . - . - "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en . - "" . - "LevelOfAutomation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise - . - . - "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en . - "" . - "LevelOfExpertise"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LightScattering - . - . - "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en . - "LightScattering"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MassSpectrometry - . - . - "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en . - "MassSpectrometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing - . - . - "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en . - "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)"@en . - "In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en . - "" . - "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter - . - . - "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en . - "" . - "MeasurementParameter"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment - . - . - "Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured\nNOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form\n“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used.\nNOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment\n(sometimes called “gain adjustment”).\nNOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite\nfor adjustment.\nNOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . - "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration).\nThe output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."@en . - "Adjustment"@en . - "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime - . - . - "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en . - "" . - "MeasurementTime"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical - . - . - "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:\n1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.\n2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."@en . - "Mechanical"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MembraneOsmometry - . - . - "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en . - "MembraneOsmometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy - . - . - "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en . - "Microscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation - . - . - "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en . - "By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter someone can usually perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which might also some times refer as nanoindentation, because they are measurements, which are conducted using an nanoindenter."@en . - "Nanoindentation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - . - . - "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en . - "NSE" . - "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nexafs - . - . - "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en . - "Nexafs"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance - . - . - "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en . - "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)" . - "NMR" . - "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator - . - . - "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en . - "" . - "Operator"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical - . - . - "Optical"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy - . - . - "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en . - "OpticalMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry - . - . - "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en . - "Osmometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - . - . - "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en . - "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction - . - _:genid16 . + "Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and\nadapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for\nquantities of specified kinds\nNOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.\nNOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,\nMeasurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO\n17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.\nNOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the\nlatter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,\nincluding the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.\nNOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."@en . + "A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds."@en . + "Measuring system"@en . + "CharacterisationSystem"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution + . + . + "ChargeDistribution"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Chromatography + . + . + "Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components."@en . + "Chromatography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest + . + . + "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads."@en . + "CompressionTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy + . + . + "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation."@en . + "ConfocalMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest + . + . + "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress."@en . + "CreepTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + . + . + "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate + . + . + "Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable."@en . + "" . + "DataAcquisitionRate"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis + . + . + "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en . + "DataAnalysis"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataFiltering + . + . + "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." . + "" . + "DataFiltering"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataNormalisation + . + . + "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en . + "It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction."@en . + "" . + "DataNormalisation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing + . + . + "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." . + "" . + "DataPostProcessing"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation + . + . + "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." . + "" . + "DataPreparation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration + . + "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en . + "" . + "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality + . + "Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material."@en . + "Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis)"@en . + "" . + "DataQuality"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector + . + . + "Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample."@en . + "Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM"@en . + "Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing"@en . + "" . + "Detector"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + . + . + "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS."@en . + "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex + . + . + "DifferentialRefractiveIndex"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + . + . + "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively."@en . + "DSC" . + "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis + . + . + "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample."@en . + "DTA" . + "DifferentialThermalAnalysis"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Dilatometry + . + . + "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions."@en . + "Dilatometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicLightScattering + . + . + "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en . + "DLS" . + "DynamicLightScattering"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + . + . + "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en . + "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + . + . + "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en . + "DMA" . + "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical + . + . + "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en . + "Electrochemical"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + . + . + . + "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en . + "EBSD" . + "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + . + . + "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en . + "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ellipsometry + . + . + "Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric\nproperties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is\nthe analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the\nlight that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic\nlayer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique\ncan probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."@en . + "Ellipsometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en . + "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Exafs + . + . + "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.\nWhen the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."@en . + "Exafs"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting + . + . + "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en . + "FatigueTesting"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic + . + . + "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en . + "FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis" . + "FibDic" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en . + "FE-SEM" . + "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Fractography + . + . + "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en . + "Fractography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + . + . + "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en . + "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#GammaSpectrometry + . + . + "Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2]\n\nMost radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.\n\nA detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."@en . + "GammaSpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting + . + . + "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en . + "HardnessTesting"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Hazard + . + . + "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en . + "" . + "Hazard"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Holder + . + . + "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en . + "" . + "Holder"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume + . + . + "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en . + "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc."@en . + "In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …)."@en . + "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en . + "It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en . + "" . + "InteractionVolume"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IntermediateSample + . + . + "IntermediateSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonChromatography + . + . + "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en . + "IonChromatography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry + . + . + "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en . + "IMS" . + "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + . + . + "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).\n\nIMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."@en . + "IMC" . + "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Laboratory + . + "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." . + "" . + "Laboratory" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation + . + . + "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en . + "" . + "LevelOfAutomation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise + . + . + "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en . + "" . + "LevelOfExpertise"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LightScattering + . + . + "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en . + "LightScattering"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MassSpectrometry + . + . + "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en . + "MassSpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing + . + . + "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en . + "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)"@en . + "In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en . + "" . + "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter + . + . + "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en . + "" . + "MeasurementParameter"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment + . + . + "Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured\nNOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form\n“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used.\nNOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment\n(sometimes called “gain adjustment”).\nNOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite\nfor adjustment.\nNOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . + "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration).\nThe output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."@en . + "Adjustment"@en . + "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime + . + . + "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en . + "" . + "MeasurementTime"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical + . + . + "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:\n1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.\n2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."@en . + "Mechanical"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MembraneOsmometry + . + . + "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en . + "MembraneOsmometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy + . + . + "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en . + "Microscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation + . + . + "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en . + "By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter someone can usually perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which might also some times refer as nanoindentation, because they are measurements, which are conducted using an nanoindenter."@en . + "Nanoindentation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + . + . + "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en . + "NSE" . + "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nexafs + . + . + "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en . + "Nexafs"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance + . + . + "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en . + "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)" . + "NMR" . + "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator + . + . + "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en . + "" . + "Operator"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical + . + . + "Optical"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy + . + . + "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en . + "OpticalMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry + . + . + "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en . + "Osmometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + . + . + "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en . + "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction + . + _:genid16 . _:genid16 _:genid18 . _:genid18 _:genid17 . _:genid17 . -_:genid17 . +_:genid17 . _:genid17 . -_:genid18 . +_:genid18 . _:genid18 . _:genid16 . - "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en . - "In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law)."@en . - "" . - "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel - . - . - "Mathematical model used to process data."@en . - "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en . - "" . - "PostProcessingModel"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Potentiometry - . - . - "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en . - "Potentiometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PreparedSample - . - . - . - "The sample after a preparation process."@en . - "PreparedSample" . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PrimaryData - . - . - "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en . - "Baseline subtraction"@en . - "Noise reduction"@en . - "X and Y axes correction"@en . - "" . - "PrimaryData"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe - . - . - "Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties."@en . - "In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics."@en . - "In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm."@en . - "In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…)"@en . - "In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence)."@en . - "In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry"@en . - "" . - "Probe"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction - . - . - _:genid19 . -_:genid19 . -_:genid19 . + "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en . + "In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law)."@en . + "" . + "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel + . + . + "Mathematical model used to process data."@en . + "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en . + "" . + "PostProcessingModel"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Potentiometry + . + . + "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en . + "Potentiometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PreparedSample + . + . + . + "The sample after a preparation process."@en . + "PreparedSample" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PrimaryData + . + . + "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en . + "Baseline subtraction"@en . + "Noise reduction"@en . + "X and Y axes correction"@en . + "" . + "PrimaryData"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe + . + . + "Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties."@en . + "In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics."@en . + "In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm."@en . + "In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…)"@en . + "In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence)."@en . + "In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry"@en . + "" . + "Probe"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction + . + . + _:genid19 . +_:genid19 . +_:genid19 . _:genid19 . - "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en . - "" . - "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility - . - "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en . - "" . - "ProcessingReproducibility"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Profilometry - . - . - "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness."@en . - "Profilometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod - . - . - "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics."@en . - "PulsedElectroacousticMethod"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy - . - . - "Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.\n\nRaman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.\n\nTypically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector."@en . - "RamanSpectroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData - . - . - . - "Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated."@en . - "The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy."@en . - "In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time."@en . - "In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam."@en . - "In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector."@en . - "" . - "RawData"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawSample - . - . - "RawSample"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample - . - . - "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination\nNOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property\nvalue.\nNOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.\nNOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.\nEXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.\nNOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.\nNOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.\nEXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.\nNOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to\nwhich International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.\nNOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality\ncontrol, but not both.\nNOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference\nmaterials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . - "Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007]"@en . - "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”."@en . - "Reference material"@en . - "" . - "Certified Reference Material"@en . - "Reference material"@en . - "ReferenceSpecimen" . - "ReferenceSample"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample - . - . - "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen."@en . - "Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero." . - "" . - "Specimen" . - "Sample"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection - . - . - "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method."@en . - "In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area."@en . - "SampleInspection"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation - . - . - _:genid20 . -_:genid20 . -_:genid20 . + "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en . + "" . + "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility + . + "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en . + "" . + "ProcessingReproducibility"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Profilometry + . + . + "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness."@en . + "Profilometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod + . + . + "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics."@en . + "PulsedElectroacousticMethod"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy + . + . + "Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.\n\nRaman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.\n\nTypically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector."@en . + "RamanSpectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData + . + . + . + "Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated."@en . + "The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy."@en . + "In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time."@en . + "In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam."@en . + "In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector."@en . + "" . + "RawData"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawSample + . + . + "RawSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample + . + . + "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination\nNOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property\nvalue.\nNOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.\nNOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.\nEXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.\nNOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.\nNOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.\nEXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.\nNOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to\nwhich International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.\nNOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality\ncontrol, but not both.\nNOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference\nmaterials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . + "Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007]"@en . + "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”."@en . + "Reference material"@en . + "" . + "Certified Reference Material"@en . + "Reference material"@en . + "ReferenceSpecimen" . + "ReferenceSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample + . + . + "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen."@en . + "Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero." . + "" . + "Specimen" . + "Sample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection + . + . + "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method."@en . + "In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area."@en . + "SampleInspection"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation + . + . + _:genid20 . +_:genid20 . +_:genid20 . _:genid20 . - _:genid21 . -_:genid21 . -_:genid21 . + _:genid21 . +_:genid21 . +_:genid21 . _:genid21 . - _:genid22 . -_:genid22 . -_:genid22 . + _:genid22 . +_:genid22 . +_:genid22 . _:genid22 . - "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en . - "" . - "SamplePreparation"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware - . - . - "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample."@en . - "" . - "SamplePreparationHardware"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter - . - . - "Parameter used for the sample preparation process"@en . - "SamplePreparationParameter"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess - . - . - "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated."@en . - "The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken."@en . - "" . - "SamplingProcess"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample."@en . - "AES" . - "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample."@en . - "SEM" . - "ScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe - . - . - "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact."@en . - "SKB" . - "ScanningKelvinProbe"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy - . - . - "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen."@en . - "ScanningProbeMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - . - . - "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams."@en . - "STM" . - "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction - . - . - "ScatteringAndDiffraction"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData - . - . - "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data."@en . - "Deconvoluted curves"@en . - "Intensity maps"@en . - "" . - "Elaborated data"@en . - "SecondaryData"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - . - . - "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions."@en . - "SIMS" . - "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests - . - . - "ShearOrTorsionTest"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal - . - . - "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )."@en . - "Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity."@en . - "Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms."@en . - "" . - "Signal"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry - . - . - "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample."@en . - "Spectrometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy - . - . - "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials."@en . - "Spectroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Synchrotron - . - . - "Synchrotron"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest - . - . - "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials."@en . - "TensionTest" . - "TensileTest"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical - . - . - "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature."@en . - "TMA" . - "Thermochemical"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry - . - . - "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)."@en . - "TGA" . - "Thermogravimetry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography - . - . - "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram."@en . - "Tomography"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device."@en . - "TEM" . - "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic - . - . - "Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion.\n\nUltrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors."@en . - "Ultrasonic"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - . - . - "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect."@en . - "VPO" . - "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Viscometry - . - . - "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities."@en . - "Viscosity" . - "Viscometry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Voltammetry - . - . - "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it."@en . - "Voltammetry"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest - . - . - "A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces.\nWear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface."@en . - "WearTest"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic - . - . - "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background."@en . - "Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)" . - "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)" . - "XpsVariableKinetic"@en . -# -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence - . - . - "XrdGrazingIncidence"@en . + "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en . + "" . + "SamplePreparation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware + . + . + "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample."@en . + "" . + "SamplePreparationHardware"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter + . + . + "Parameter used for the sample preparation process"@en . + "SamplePreparationParameter"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess + . + . + "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated."@en . + "The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken."@en . + "" . + "SamplingProcess"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample."@en . + "AES" . + "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample."@en . + "SEM" . + "ScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe + . + . + "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact."@en . + "SKB" . + "ScanningKelvinProbe"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy + . + . + "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen."@en . + "ScanningProbeMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + . + . + "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams."@en . + "STM" . + "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction + . + . + "ScatteringAndDiffraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData + . + . + "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data."@en . + "Deconvoluted curves"@en . + "Intensity maps"@en . + "" . + "Elaborated data"@en . + "SecondaryData"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + . + . + "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions."@en . + "SIMS" . + "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests + . + . + "ShearOrTorsionTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal + . + . + "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )."@en . + "Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity."@en . + "Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms."@en . + "" . + "Signal"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry + . + . + "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample."@en . + "Spectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy + . + . + "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials."@en . + "Spectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Synchrotron + . + . + "Synchrotron"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest + . + . + "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials."@en . + "TensionTest" . + "TensileTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical + . + . + "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature."@en . + "TMA" . + "Thermochemical"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry + . + . + "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)."@en . + "TGA" . + "Thermogravimetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography + . + . + "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram."@en . + "Tomography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device."@en . + "TEM" . + "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic + . + . + "Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion.\n\nUltrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors."@en . + "Ultrasonic"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + . + . + "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect."@en . + "VPO" . + "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Viscometry + . + . + "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities."@en . + "Viscosity" . + "Viscometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Voltammetry + . + . + "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it."@en . + "Voltammetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest + . + . + "A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces.\nWear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface."@en . + "WearTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic + . + . + "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background."@en . + "Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)" . + "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)" . + "XpsVariableKinetic"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence + . + . + "XrdGrazingIncidence"@en . # # http://purl.org/spar/datacite/ResourceIdentifier . @@ -1421,37 +1421,37 @@ _:genid22 . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Agent1 + . + . # -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 + . + . # -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1 - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1 + . + . # -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1 - . - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1 + . + . + . # -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1 - . - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1 + . + . + . # -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1 - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1 + . + . # -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2 - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2 + . # -# http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp + . # # # @@ -1473,23 +1473,23 @@ _:genid27 _:genid26 . _:genid26 _:genid25 . _:genid25 _:genid24 . _:genid24 . -_:genid24 . +_:genid24 . _:genid24 . -_:genid25 . +_:genid25 . _:genid25 . -_:genid26 . +_:genid26 . _:genid26 . -_:genid27 . +_:genid27 . _:genid27 . -_:genid28 . +_:genid28 . _:genid28 . -_:genid29 . +_:genid29 . _:genid29 . -_:genid30 . +_:genid30 . _:genid30 . -_:genid31 . +_:genid31 . _:genid31 . -_:genid32 . +_:genid32 . _:genid32 . # _:genid33 . @@ -1504,25 +1504,25 @@ _:genid37 _:genid36 . _:genid36 _:genid35 . _:genid35 _:genid34 . _:genid34 . -_:genid34 . +_:genid34 . _:genid34 . -_:genid35 . +_:genid35 . _:genid35 . -_:genid36 . +_:genid36 . _:genid36 . -_:genid37 . +_:genid37 . _:genid37 . -_:genid38 . +_:genid38 . _:genid38 . -_:genid39 . +_:genid39 . _:genid39 . -_:genid40 . +_:genid40 . _:genid40 . -_:genid41 . +_:genid41 . _:genid41 . -_:genid42 . +_:genid42 . _:genid42 . -_:genid43 . +_:genid43 . _:genid43 . # # Generated by the OWL API (version 5.1.18.2021-07-30T21:49:07Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi/ diff --git a/documentation/ontology.owl b/documentation/ontology.owl index 00582f1..31309ea 100644 --- a/documentation/ontology.owl +++ b/documentation/ontology.owl @@ -1,34 +1,34 @@ - - + xmlns:chameo="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#"> + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation methodologies. CHAMEO Work under review - not available yet @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Pierluigi Del Nostro Characterisation Methodology Ontology - http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo + https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 2023-10-23T15:00:00Z @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology chameo - http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo + https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -193,442 +193,442 @@ - + - - + + characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure - + - - - - + + + + hasAccessConditions - + - - - + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - + - - - - + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - + - - - - + + + + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - + - - - - + + + + hasCharacterisationProperty - + - - - + + + hasCharacterisationSoftware - + - - - - + + + + hasDataAcquisitionRate - + - - - - + + + + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - + - - - - + + + + hasDataQuality - + - + - + hasDataset - + - - - - + + + + hasHardwareSpecification - + - - - + + + hasHazard - + - - - - + + + + hasHolder - + - - - - + + + + hasInteractionVolume - + - - - - + + + + hasInteractionWithProbe - + - - - - + + + + hasInteractionWithSample - + - - - + + + hasLab - + - - - - + + + + hasLevelOfAutomation - + - - - + + + hasMeasurementDetector - + - - - - + + + + hasMeasurementParameter - + - - - + + + hasMeasurementProbe - + - - - - + + + + hasMeasurementSample - + - - - - + + + + hasMeasurementTime - + - - - + + + hasOperator - + - - - + + + hasPeerReviewedArticle - + - - - - + + + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - + - - - - + + + + hasPostProcessingModel - + - - - - + + + + hasProcessingReproducibility - + - - - - + + + + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - + - - + + hasSamplePreparationHardware - + - - - - + + + + hasSamplePreparationInput - + - - - - + + + + hasSamplePreparationOutput - + - - - - + + + + hasSamplePreparationParameter - + - - - - + + + + hasSampledSample - + - - - + + + requiresLevelOfExpertise @@ -647,12 +647,12 @@ - + - + - + hasDateOfCalibration @@ -671,20 +671,20 @@ - + - - + + - + - - + + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? @@ -695,44 +695,44 @@ - + - - + + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. AlphaSpectrometry - + - - + + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. Amperometry - + - - + + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - + - - + + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. @@ -743,22 +743,22 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased - + - - + + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. AtomicForceMicroscopy - + - - + + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. CalibrationData @@ -766,11 +766,11 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased - + - - + + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. CalibrationDataPostProcessing @@ -778,22 +778,22 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased - + - - + + - - + + - + 1 - + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions @@ -818,19 +818,19 @@ standards. - + - - + + - + - + Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow. @@ -839,22 +839,22 @@ standards. - + - - + + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. Calorimetry - + - - + + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process CharacterisationData @@ -862,25 +862,25 @@ standards. - + - - + + Procedures to validate the characterisation data. CharacterisationDataValidation - + - + - - + + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. @@ -891,32 +891,32 @@ standards. - + - - + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - + - - + + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. CharacterisationExperiment - + - - + + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. CharacterisationHardware @@ -924,33 +924,33 @@ standards. - + - - + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - + - - - - + + + + - - + + - - + + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary @@ -966,39 +966,39 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information @@ -1025,19 +1025,19 @@ system specifications. - + - - + + - + - + Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow. @@ -1046,12 +1046,12 @@ system specifications. - + - - - + + + The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. Characterisation procedure @@ -1061,11 +1061,11 @@ system specifications. - + - - + + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. CharacterisationProcedureValidation @@ -1073,12 +1073,12 @@ system specifications. - + - - - + + + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). CharacterisationProperty @@ -1086,22 +1086,22 @@ system specifications. - + - - + + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. CharacterisationProtocol - + - - + + A software application to process characterisation data In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. @@ -1110,15 +1110,15 @@ system specifications. - + - - + + - - + + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and @@ -1139,75 +1139,75 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + ChargeDistribution - + - - + + Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. Chromatography - + - - + + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. CompressionTest - + - - + + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. ConfocalMicroscopy - + - - + + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. CreepTest - + - - + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - + - - + + Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. DataAcquisitionRate @@ -1215,22 +1215,22 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. DataAnalysis - + - - + + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. DataFiltering @@ -1238,11 +1238,11 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. @@ -1251,11 +1251,11 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. DataPostProcessing @@ -1263,11 +1263,11 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. DataPreparation @@ -1275,10 +1275,10 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. DataProcessingThroughCalibration @@ -1286,10 +1286,10 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) @@ -1298,11 +1298,11 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing @@ -1312,32 +1312,32 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - + - - + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - + - - + + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. DSC DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -1345,11 +1345,11 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. DTA DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -1357,22 +1357,22 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. Dilatometry - + - - + + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). DLS DynamicLightScattering @@ -1380,22 +1380,22 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - + - - + + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. DMA DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -1403,23 +1403,23 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity Electrochemical - + - - - + + + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. EBSD ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -1427,22 +1427,22 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - + - - + + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the @@ -1454,22 +1454,22 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi - + - - + + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - + - - + + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. Exafs @@ -1477,22 +1477,22 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a - + - - + + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. FatigueTesting - + - - + + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis FibDic @@ -1500,11 +1500,11 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a - + - - + + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. FE-SEM FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -1512,33 +1512,33 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a - + - - + + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. Fractography - + - - + + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - + - - + + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. @@ -1549,22 +1549,22 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - - + + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. HardnessTesting - + - - + + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. Hazard @@ -1572,11 +1572,11 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - - + + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. Holder @@ -1584,11 +1584,11 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - - + + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …). @@ -1600,32 +1600,32 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - - + + IntermediateSample - + - - + + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. IonChromatography - + - - + + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. IMS IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -1633,11 +1633,11 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - - + + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. @@ -1647,10 +1647,10 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. Laboratory @@ -1658,11 +1658,11 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - - + + Describes the level of automation of the test. LevelOfAutomation @@ -1670,11 +1670,11 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - - + + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). LevelOfExpertise @@ -1682,33 +1682,33 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - - + + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. LightScattering - + - - + + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. MassSpectrometry - + - - + + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.) In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. @@ -1718,11 +1718,11 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - - + + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal MeasurementParameter @@ -1730,11 +1730,11 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - - + + Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. @@ -1753,11 +1753,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data MeasurementTime @@ -1765,11 +1765,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. @@ -1778,33 +1778,33 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. MembraneOsmometry - + - - + + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. Microscopy - + - - + + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter someone can usually perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which might also some times refer as nanoindentation, because they are measurements, which are conducted using an nanoindenter. Nanoindentation @@ -1812,11 +1812,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. NSE NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -1824,22 +1824,22 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. Nexafs - + - - + + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) NMR @@ -1848,11 +1848,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. Operator @@ -1860,58 +1860,58 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Optical - + - - + + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light OpticalMicroscopy - + - - + + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). Osmometry - + - - + + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - + - + - - + + @@ -1923,11 +1923,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. @@ -1936,34 +1936,34 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. Potentiometry - + - - - + + + The sample after a preparation process. PreparedSample - + - - + + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. Baseline subtraction Noise reduction @@ -1974,11 +1974,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. @@ -1991,15 +1991,15 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + - - + + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal @@ -2009,10 +2009,10 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) ProcessingReproducibility @@ -2020,33 +2020,33 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. Profilometry - + - - + + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. PulsedElectroacousticMethod - + - - + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. @@ -2057,12 +2057,12 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation - + - - - + + + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. @@ -2074,21 +2074,21 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation - + - - + + RawSample - + - - + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property value. @@ -2118,11 +2118,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. @@ -2132,11 +2132,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. SampleInspection @@ -2144,27 +2144,27 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. @@ -2174,11 +2174,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Hardware used for the preparation of the sample. SamplePreparationHardware @@ -2186,22 +2186,22 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Parameter used for the sample preparation process SamplePreparationParameter - + - - + + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. @@ -2210,11 +2210,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. AES ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -2222,11 +2222,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. SEM ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -2234,11 +2234,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. SKB ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -2246,22 +2246,22 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. ScanningProbeMicroscopy - + - - + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. STM ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -2269,21 +2269,21 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + ScatteringAndDiffraction - + - - + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. Deconvoluted curves Intensity maps @@ -2294,11 +2294,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. SIMS SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -2306,21 +2306,21 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + ShearOrTorsionTest - + - - + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. @@ -2330,43 +2330,43 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. Spectrometry - + - - + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. Spectroscopy - + - - + + Synchrotron - + - - + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. TensionTest TensileTest @@ -2374,11 +2374,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. TMA Thermochemical @@ -2386,11 +2386,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). TGA Thermogravimetry @@ -2398,22 +2398,22 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. Tomography - + - - + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. TEM TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -2421,11 +2421,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. @@ -2434,11 +2434,11 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou - + - - + + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. VPO VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -2446,11 +2446,11 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou - + - - + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. Viscosity Viscometry @@ -2458,22 +2458,22 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou - + - - + + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. Voltammetry - + - - + + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. WearTest @@ -2481,11 +2481,11 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface - + - - + + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) @@ -2494,11 +2494,11 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface - + - - + + XrdGrazingIncidence @@ -2525,73 +2525,73 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface - + - - + + - + - - + + - + - - + + - + - - - + + + - + - - - + + + - + - - + + - + - + - + - + @@ -2607,30 +2607,30 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/documentation/ontology.ttl b/documentation/ontology.ttl index 09ec683..c86680f 100644 --- a/documentation/ontology.ttl +++ b/documentation/ontology.ttl @@ -1,25 +1,25 @@ -@prefix : . +@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . -@base . +@base . - rdf:type owl:Ontology ; + rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; - owl:imports , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - , - ; + owl:imports , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + ; "CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation methodologies."@en ; "CHAMEO" ; "Work under review - not available yet" ; @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ "Pierluigi Del Nostro" ; "Characterisation Methodology Ontology"@en ; ; - "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" ; + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" ; "" ; "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ; "2023-10-23T15:00:00Z" ; @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ "CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology"@en ; "" ; "chameo"@en ; - "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" ; + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" ; rdfs:comment """Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ . ################################################################# -# Annotation properties +# Annotation properties ################################################################# - + ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/alternative rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . @@ -117,313 +117,313 @@ ################################################################# -# Object Properties +# Object Properties ################################################################# - -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure + +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure :characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasAccessConditions +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasAccessConditions :hasAccessConditions rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMethod ; rdfs:range :AccessConditions ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasAccessConditions"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment :hasCharacterisationEnvironment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :CharacterisationEnvironment ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasCharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty :hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationEnvironment ; rdfs:range :CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty ; "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation :hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMethod ; rdfs:range :CharacterisationProcedureValidation ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty :hasCharacterisationProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :Sample ; rdfs:range :CharacterisationProperty ; "hasCharacterisationProperty"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware :hasCharacterisationSoftware rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :CharacterisationSoftware ; "hasCharacterisationSoftware"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate :hasDataAcquisitionRate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :RawData ; rdfs:range :DataAcquisitionRate ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasDataAcquisitionRate"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration :hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; rdfs:range :DataProcessingThroughCalibration ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataQuality +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataQuality :hasDataQuality rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :MeasurementDataPostProcessing ; rdfs:range :DataQuality ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasDataQuality"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataset +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataset :hasDataset rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; - rdfs:range ; + rdfs:range ; "hasDataset"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification :hasHardwareSpecification rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationHardware ; rdfs:range :CharacterisationHardwareSpecification ; "hasHardwareSpecification"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHazard +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHazard :hasHazard rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Hazard ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasHazard"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHolder +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHolder :hasHolder rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; rdfs:range :Holder ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasHolder"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionVolume +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionVolume :hasInteractionVolume rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :ProbeSampleInteraction ; rdfs:range :InteractionVolume ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasInteractionVolume"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe :hasInteractionWithProbe rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :ProbeSampleInteraction ; rdfs:range :Probe ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasInteractionWithProbe"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample :hasInteractionWithSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :ProbeSampleInteraction ; rdfs:range :Sample ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasInteractionWithSample"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLab +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLab :hasLab rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Laboratory ; "hasLab"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation :hasLevelOfAutomation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMethod ; rdfs:range :LevelOfAutomation ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasLevelOfAutomation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector :hasMeasurementDetector rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Detector ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasMeasurementDetector"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter :hasMeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; rdfs:range :MeasurementParameter ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasMeasurementParameter"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe :hasMeasurementProbe rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Probe ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasMeasurementProbe"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample :hasMeasurementSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; rdfs:range :Sample ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasMeasurementSample"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementTime +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementTime :hasMeasurementTime rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; - rdfs:domain ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :MeasurementTime ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasMeasurementTime"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator :hasOperator rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Operator ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasOperator"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle :hasPeerReviewedArticle rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationProcedureValidation ; rdfs:range ; "hasPeerReviewedArticle"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction :hasPhysicsOfInteraction rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :ProbeSampleInteraction ; rdfs:range :PhysicsOfInteraction ; "hasPhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel :hasPostProcessingModel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :MeasurementDataPostProcessing ; rdfs:range :PostProcessingModel ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasPostProcessingModel"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility :hasProcessingReproducibility rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :MeasurementDataPostProcessing ; rdfs:range :ProcessingReproducibility ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasProcessingReproducibility"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation :hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; rdfs:range :Sample ; "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware :hasSamplePreparationHardware rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; "hasSamplePreparationHardware"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput :hasSamplePreparationInput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; rdfs:range :Sample ; "hasSamplePreparationInput"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput :hasSamplePreparationOutput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; rdfs:range :Sample ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasSamplePreparationOutput"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter :hasSamplePreparationParameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; rdfs:range :SamplePreparationParameter ; "hasSamplePreparationParameter"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample :hasSampledSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplingProcess ; rdfs:range :Sample ; rdfs:comment "" ; "hasSampledSample"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise :requiresLevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :LevelOfExpertise ; rdfs:comment "" ; "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en . ################################################################# -# Data properties +# Data properties ################################################################# - -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration - rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; + +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationInstrument ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; @@ -431,49 +431,49 @@ ################################################################# -# Classes +# Classes ################################################################# - -### http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce - rdfs:subClassOf . +### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce + rdfs:subClassOf . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AccessConditions + +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AccessConditions :AccessConditions rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment"@en ; - "In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these."@en , + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment"@en ; + "In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these."@en , "Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en , "Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "AccessConditions"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry :AlphaSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; - "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from."@en ; + "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from."@en ; "AlphaSpectrometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Amperometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Amperometry :Amperometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electrochemical ; - "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en ; + "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en ; "Amperometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy :AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis."@en ; + "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis."@en ; "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomProbeTomography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomProbeTomography :AtomProbeTomography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tomography ; - """Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. + """Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy."""@en ; "3D Atom Probe" , @@ -481,42 +481,42 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased "AtomProbeTomography"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy :AtomicForceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en ; + "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en ; "AtomicForceMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData :CalibrationData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; - "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en ; + "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CalibrationData"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing :CalibrationDataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPostProcessing ; - "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement."@en ; + "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CalibrationDataPostProcessing"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess :CalibrationProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , + rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :CalibrationData ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass :CharacterisationInstrument ] ; - """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions + """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions 1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and 2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. @@ -530,133 +530,133 @@ NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibra standards. -- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; - "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en ; - "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en ; - "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en ; + "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en ; + "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en ; + "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en ; "CalibrationProcess"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask :CalibrationTask rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , + rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom :CalibrationProcess ] ; - "Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow."@en ; + "Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow."@en ; "CalibrationTask" . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Calorimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Calorimetry :Calorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; - "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter."@en ; + "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter."@en ; "Calorimetry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData :CharacterisationData rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CharacterisationData" . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationDataValidation rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en ; "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment :CharacterisationEnvironment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty ] ; - "Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment."@en ; - "Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc."@en ; + "Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment."@en ; + "Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty :CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment :CharacterisationExperiment rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained."@en ; "CharacterisationExperiment"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware :CharacterisationHardware rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CharacterisationHardware"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification :CharacterisationHardwareSpecification rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument :CharacterisationInstrument rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , - , + rdfs:subClassOf , + , :CharacterisationHardware , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Detector ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Probe ] ; - """Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary + """Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."""@en ; - "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en ; - "In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter" ; - "Measuring instrument"@en ; + "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en ; + "In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter" ; + "Measuring instrument"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CharacterisationInstrument" . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , + rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationEnvironment ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationInstrument ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurementParameter ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationData ] ; - """Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information + """Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. @@ -672,76 +672,76 @@ measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order no system specifications. -- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; - "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en ; - "Measurement"@en ; + "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en ; + "Measurement"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask :CharacterisationMeasurementTask rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , + rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ] ; - "Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow."@en ; + "Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow."@en ; "CharacterisationMeasurementTask"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod :CharacterisationMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , - ; - "The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing)."@en ; - "A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps." ; + rdfs:subClassOf , + ; + "The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing)."@en ; + "A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps." ; "Characterisation procedure"@en , "Characterisation technique"@en ; "CharacterisationMethod"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation :CharacterisationProcedureValidation rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty :CharacterisationProperty rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , + rdfs:subClassOf , :SecondaryData ; - "The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model)."@en ; + "The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model)."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CharacterisationProperty"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol :CharacterisationProtocol rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories."@en ; "CharacterisationProtocol"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware :CharacterisationSoftware rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "A software application to process characterisation data"@en ; - "In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data." ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "A software application to process characterisation data"@en ; + "In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data." ; rdfs:comment "" ; "CharacterisationSoftware" . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSystem +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSystem :CharacterisationSystem rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , + rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationInstrument ] ; - """Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and + """Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. @@ -752,210 +752,210 @@ NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” ar latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; - "A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds."@en ; - "Measuring system"@en ; + "A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds."@en ; + "Measuring system"@en ; "CharacterisationSystem"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution :ChargeDistribution rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "ChargeDistribution"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Chromatography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Chromatography :Chromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components."@en ; + "Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components."@en ; "Chromatography"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest :CompressionTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; - "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads."@en ; + "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads."@en ; "CompressionTest"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy :ConfocalMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation."@en ; + "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation."@en ; "ConfocalMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest :CreepTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; - "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress."@en ; + "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress."@en ; "CreepTest"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography :CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chromatography ; "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate :DataAcquisitionRate rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "DataAcquisitionRate"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis :DataAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en ; "DataAnalysis"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataFiltering +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataFiltering :DataFiltering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPreparation ; - "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." ; + "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." ; rdfs:comment "" ; "DataFiltering"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataNormalisation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataNormalisation :DataNormalisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPreparation ; - "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en ; - "It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction."@en ; + "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en ; + "It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "DataNormalisation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing :DataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." ; rdfs:comment "" ; "DataPostProcessing"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation :DataPreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." ; rdfs:comment "" ; "DataPreparation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration :DataProcessingThroughCalibration rdf:type owl:Class ; - "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en ; + "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality :DataQuality rdf:type owl:Class ; - "Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material."@en ; - "Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis)"@en ; + "Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material."@en ; + "Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis)"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "DataQuality"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector :Detector rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationHardware ; - "Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample."@en ; - "Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM"@en , + "Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample."@en ; + "Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM"@en , "Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Detector"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy :DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS."@en ; + "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS."@en ; "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex :DifferentialRefractiveIndex rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; "DifferentialRefractiveIndex"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry :DifferentialScanningCalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; - "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively."@en ; + "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively."@en ; "DSC" ; "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis :DifferentialThermalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; - "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample."@en ; + "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample."@en ; "DTA" ; "DifferentialThermalAnalysis"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Dilatometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Dilatometry :Dilatometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions."@en ; + "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions."@en ; "Dilatometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicLightScattering +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicLightScattering :DynamicLightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; - "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en ; + "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en ; "DLS" ; "DynamicLightScattering"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; - "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en ; + "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en ; "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy :DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en ; + "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en ; "DMA" ; "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical :Electrochemical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en ; + "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en ; "Electrochemical"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction :ElectronBackscatterDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScanningElectronMicroscopy , :ScatteringAndDiffraction ; - "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en ; + "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en ; "EBSD" ; "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis :ElectronProbeMicroanalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en ; + "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en ; "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ellipsometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ellipsometry :Ellipsometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; - """Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric + """Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic @@ -964,62 +964,62 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi "Ellipsometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy :EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en ; + "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en ; "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Exafs +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Exafs :Exafs rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - """Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. + """Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."""@en ; "Exafs"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting :FatigueTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; - "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en ; + "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en ; "FatigueTesting"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic :FibDic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; - "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en ; + "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en ; "FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis" ; "FibDic" . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy :FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en ; + "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en ; "FE-SEM" ; "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Fractography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Fractography :Fractography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; - "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en ; + "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en ; "Fractography"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry :FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; - "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en ; + "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en ; "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#GammaSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#GammaSpectrometry :GammaSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; - """Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] + """Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. @@ -1027,131 +1027,131 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity "GammaSpectrometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting :HardnessTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; - "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en ; + "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en ; "HardnessTesting"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Hazard +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Hazard :Hazard rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Hazard"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Holder +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Holder :Holder rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationHardware ; - "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en ; + "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Holder"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume :InteractionVolume rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en ; - "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc."@en , + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en ; + "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc."@en , "In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …)."@en ; - "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en , + "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en , "It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "InteractionVolume"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IntermediateSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IntermediateSample :IntermediateSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; "IntermediateSample"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonChromatography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonChromatography :IonChromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chromatography ; - "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en ; + "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en ; "IonChromatography"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry :IonMobilitySpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; - "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en ; + "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en ; "IMS" ; "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry :IsothermalMicrocalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; - """Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). + """Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."""@en ; "IMC" ; "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Laboratory +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Laboratory :Laboratory rdf:type owl:Class ; - "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." ; + "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Laboratory" . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation :LevelOfAutomation rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "LevelOfAutomation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise :LevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "LevelOfExpertise"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LightScattering +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LightScattering :LightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; - "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en ; + "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en ; "LightScattering"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MassSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MassSpectrometry :MassSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; - "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en ; + "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en ; "MassSpectrometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing :MeasurementDataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPostProcessing ; - "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en ; - "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)"@en , + "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en ; + "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)"@en , "In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter :MeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "MeasurementParameter"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment :MeasurementSystemAdjustment rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - """Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured + rdfs:subClassOf ; + """Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment @@ -1161,163 +1161,163 @@ for adjustment. NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. -- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; - """Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). + """Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."""@en ; - "Adjustment"@en ; + "Adjustment"@en ; "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime :MeasurementTime rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "MeasurementTime"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical :Mechanical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - """Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: + """Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."""@en ; "Mechanical"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MembraneOsmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MembraneOsmometry :MembraneOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; - "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en ; + "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en ; "MembraneOsmometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy :Microscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en ; + "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en ; "Microscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation :Nanoindentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; - "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en ; - "By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter someone can usually perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which might also some times refer as nanoindentation, because they are measurements, which are conducted using an nanoindenter."@en ; + "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en ; + "By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter someone can usually perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which might also some times refer as nanoindentation, because they are measurements, which are conducted using an nanoindenter."@en ; "Nanoindentation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy :NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en ; + "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en ; "NSE" ; "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nexafs +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nexafs :Nexafs rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en ; + "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en ; "Nexafs"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance :NuclearMagneticResonance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en ; + "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en ; "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)" , "NMR" ; "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator :Operator rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Operator"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical :Optical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Optical"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy :OpticalMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en ; + "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en ; "OpticalMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry :Osmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en ; + "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en ; "Osmometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy :PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en ; + "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en ; "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction :PhysicsOfInteraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( - + owl:unionOf ( + ) ] ; - "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en ; - "In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law)."@en ; + "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en ; + "In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law)."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel :PostProcessingModel rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Mathematical model used to process data."@en ; - "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Mathematical model used to process data."@en ; + "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "PostProcessingModel"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Potentiometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Potentiometry :Potentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electrochemical ; - "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en ; + "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en ; "Potentiometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PreparedSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PreparedSample :PreparedSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; owl:disjointWith :ReferenceSample ; - "The sample after a preparation process."@en ; + "The sample after a preparation process."@en ; "PreparedSample" . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PrimaryData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PrimaryData :PrimaryData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; - "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; - "Baseline subtraction"@en , + "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; + "Baseline subtraction"@en , "Noise reduction"@en , "X and Y axes correction"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "PrimaryData"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe :Probe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationHardware ; - "Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties."@en ; - "In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics."@en , + "Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties."@en ; + "In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics."@en , "In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm."@en , "In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…)"@en , "In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence)."@en , @@ -1326,43 +1326,43 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "Probe"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction :ProbeSampleInteraction rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , + rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Signal ] ; - "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en ; + "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility :ProcessingReproducibility rdf:type owl:Class ; - "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en ; + "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "ProcessingReproducibility"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Profilometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Profilometry :Profilometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness."@en ; + "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness."@en ; "Profilometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod :PulsedElectroacousticMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChargeDistribution ; - "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics."@en ; + "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics."@en ; "PulsedElectroacousticMethod"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy :RamanSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - """Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + """Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. @@ -1370,29 +1370,29 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation "RamanSpectroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData :RawData rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , + rdfs:subClassOf , :CharacterisationData ; - "Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated."@en , + "Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated."@en , "The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy."@en ; - "In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time."@en , + "In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time."@en , "In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam."@en ; - "In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector."@en ; + "In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "RawData"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawSample :RawSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; "RawSample"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample :ReferenceSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; - """Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination + """Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property value. NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. @@ -1410,8 +1410,8 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure -- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en , "Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007]"@en ; - "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”."@en ; - "Reference material"@en ; + "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”."@en ; + "Reference material"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Certified Reference Material"@en , "Reference material"@en , @@ -1419,257 +1419,257 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "ReferenceSample"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample :Sample rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen."@en ; - "Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero." ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen."@en ; + "Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero." ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Specimen" ; "Sample"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection :SampleInspection rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method."@en ; - "In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method."@en ; + "In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area."@en ; "SampleInspection"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation :SamplePreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf , + rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :SamplePreparationParameter ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ; + owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ] ; - "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en ; + "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "SamplePreparation"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware :SamplePreparationHardware rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "SamplePreparationHardware"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter :SamplePreparationParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Parameter used for the sample preparation process"@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Parameter used for the sample preparation process"@en ; "SamplePreparationParameter"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess :SamplingProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; - rdfs:subClassOf ; - "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated."@en ; - "The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken."@en ; + rdfs:subClassOf ; + "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated."@en ; + "The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "SamplingProcess"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy :ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample."@en ; + "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample."@en ; "AES" ; "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy :ScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample."@en ; + "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample."@en ; "SEM" ; "ScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe :ScanningKelvinProbe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact."@en ; + "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact."@en ; "SKB" ; "ScanningKelvinProbe"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy :ScanningProbeMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen."@en ; + "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen."@en ; "ScanningProbeMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy :ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams."@en ; + "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams."@en ; "STM" ; "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction :ScatteringAndDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "ScatteringAndDiffraction"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData :SecondaryData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; - "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data."@en ; - "Deconvoluted curves"@en , + "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data."@en ; + "Deconvoluted curves"@en , "Intensity maps"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Elaborated data"@en ; "SecondaryData"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry :SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; - "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions."@en ; + "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions."@en ; "SIMS" ; "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests :ShearOrTorsionTests rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "ShearOrTorsionTest"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal :Signal rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; - "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )."@en ; - "Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity."@en ; - "Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms."@en ; + "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )."@en ; + "Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity."@en ; + "Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Signal"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry :Spectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample."@en ; + "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample."@en ; "Spectrometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy :Spectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials."@en ; + "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials."@en ; "Spectroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Synchrotron +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Synchrotron :Synchrotron rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScatteringAndDiffraction ; "Synchrotron"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest :TensileTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; - "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials."@en ; + "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials."@en ; "TensionTest" ; "TensileTest"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical :Thermochemical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature."@en ; + "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature."@en ; "TMA" ; "Thermochemical"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry :Thermogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; - "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)."@en ; + "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)."@en ; "TGA" ; "Thermogravimetry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography :Tomography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram."@en ; + "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram."@en ; "Tomography"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy :TransmissionElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device."@en ; + "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device."@en ; "TEM" ; "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic :Ultrasonic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - """Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. + """Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors."""@en ; "Ultrasonic"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry :VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; - "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect."@en ; + "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect."@en ; "VPO" ; "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Viscometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Viscometry :Viscometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; - "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities."@en ; + "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities."@en ; "Viscosity" ; "Viscometry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Voltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Voltammetry :Voltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electrochemical ; - "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it."@en ; + "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it."@en ; "Voltammetry"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest :WearTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; - """A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. + """A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface."""@en ; "WearTest"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic :XpsVariableKinetic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background."@en ; + "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background."@en ; "Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)" , "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)" ; "XpsVariableKinetic"@en . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence :XrdGrazingIncidence rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScatteringAndDiffraction ; "XrdGrazingIncidence"@en . @@ -1681,53 +1681,53 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface ################################################################# -# Individuals +# Individuals ################################################################# - -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Agent1 + +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Agent1 :Agent1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :Operator . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 :CalibrationProcess1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :CalibrationProcess . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1 :ChMeasProc1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1 :Determination1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , - ; - :InferredChMethod1 . + ; + :InferredChMethod1 . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1 :InferredChMethod1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; - :ChMeasProc1 ; + :ChMeasProc1 ; :hasOperator :Agent1 . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1 :hasChValid1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; :hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation :hasChValid2 . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2 :hasChValid2 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . -### http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp :hasChValidProp rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ################################################################# -# General axioms +# General axioms ################################################################# - + [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationDataValidation diff --git a/documentation/provenance/provenance-en.ttl b/documentation/provenance/provenance-en.ttl index bc54a6f..69561e9 100644 --- a/documentation/provenance/provenance-en.ttl +++ b/documentation/provenance/provenance-en.ttl @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ prov:wasAttributedTo :agent2; prov:wasAttributedTo :agent3; prov:wasAttributedTo ,; - prov:specializationOf ; + prov:specializationOf ; prov:wasRevisionOf <1.0.0-beta2>; prov:wasGeneratedAt "2022-03-03"; . diff --git a/documentation/webvowl/data/ontology.json b/documentation/webvowl/data/ontology.json index eff7512..ed35887 100644 --- a/documentation/webvowl/data/ontology.json +++ b/documentation/webvowl/data/ontology.json @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ "_comment" : "Created with OWL2VOWL (version 0.3.5), http://vowl.visualdataweb.org", "header" : { "languages" : [ "de", "en", "undefined" ], - "baseIris" : [ "http://purl.org/spar/datacite", "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns", "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl", "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema", "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "http://emmo.info/emmo" ], + "baseIris" : [ "http://purl.org/spar/datacite", "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns", "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl", "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema", "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "https://w3id.org/emmo" ], "title" : { "en" : "CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology" }, - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "version" : "1.0.0-beta3", "author" : [ "Gerhard Goldbeck", "Pierluigi Del Nostro", "Daniele Toti" ], "description" : { @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "identifier" : [ { "identifier" : "identifier", "language" : "undefined", - "value" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "value" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "type" : "label" } ], "hasFormat" : [ { @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ "preferredNamespaceUri" : [ { "identifier" : "preferredNamespaceUri", "language" : "undefined", - "value" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "value" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "type" : "label" } ], "issued" : [ { @@ -2728,8 +2728,8 @@ "type" : "owl:disjointUnionOf" } ], "classAttribute" : [ { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "instances" : 0, "annotations" : { "EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { @@ -2757,8 +2757,8 @@ "comment" : { }, "id" : "10" }, { - 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"iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "717", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -29855,8 +29855,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "object" ], "id" : "250" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -29903,8 +29903,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "asymmetric", "external", "irreflexive", "object" ], "id" : "730" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eeb8118c_b290_4f57_b0f8_bd65bb6d77ad", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_eeb8118c_b290_4f57_b0f8_bd65bb6d77ad", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "734", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -29922,8 +29922,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "733" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#76413949_896c_4363_a955_de4722c6e149", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#76413949_896c_4363_a955_de4722c6e149", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -29942,8 +29942,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "743" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "457", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -29979,8 +29979,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "759" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "449", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30011,8 +30011,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "760" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "182", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30043,8 +30043,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "asymmetric", "external", "someValues", "irreflexive", "object" ], "id" : "761" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "451", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30075,8 +30075,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "763" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "690", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30101,8 +30101,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "asymmetric", "external", "someValues", "irreflexive", "object" ], "id" : "764" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5d73661e_e710_4844_ab9b_a85b7e68576a", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5d73661e_e710_4844_ab9b_a85b7e68576a", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "388", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30126,8 +30126,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "769" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "734", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30158,8 +30158,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "771" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "347", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30190,8 +30190,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "772" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "457", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30222,8 +30222,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "773" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "295", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -30235,7 +30235,7 @@ "versionInfo" : [ { "identifier" : "versionInfo", "language" : "undefined", - "value" : "In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta5, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster.\n\nThe restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length)\n\n Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension)\n\nwas in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to\n\n Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension\n\nLikewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g.\n\n Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension\n\nwas changed to\n\n Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension\n\nThe label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.", + "value" : "In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster.\n\nThe restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length)\n\n Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension)\n\nwas in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to\n\n Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension\n\nLikewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g.\n\n Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension\n\nwas changed to\n\n Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension\n\nThe label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.", "type" : "label" } ] }, @@ -30251,8 +30251,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "asymmetric", "external", "inverse functional", "irreflexive", "object", "allValues" ], "id" : "774" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30277,8 +30277,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "598" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0eb37d3d_b633_4ea4_a863_8b7a27c6fdb4", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0eb37d3d_b633_4ea4_a863_8b7a27c6fdb4", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30328,8 +30328,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "791" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "500", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -30469,8 +30469,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "844" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { @@ -30488,7 +30488,7 @@ "seeAlso" : [ { "identifier" : "seeAlso", "language" : "undefined", - "value" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698", + "value" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698", "type" : "iri" } ] }, @@ -30525,8 +30525,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "853" }, { - 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"iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#3bd4339b_e01f_43e5_a011_74a4ef3ffa90", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#3bd4339b_e01f_43e5_a011_74a4ef3ffa90", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "877", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -30658,8 +30658,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "875" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_850b976f_0726_4408_b1b2_1f0ae367faf6", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_850b976f_0726_4408_b1b2_1f0ae367faf6", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30683,8 +30683,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "382" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5022e4cb_125f_429d_8556_c3e635c561f2", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5022e4cb_125f_429d_8556_c3e635c561f2", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30718,8 +30718,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "888" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30761,8 +30761,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "892" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c58c799e_cc6c_4310_a3f1_78da70705b2a", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c58c799e_cc6c_4310_a3f1_78da70705b2a", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "895", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30836,9 +30836,9 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "913" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9", "inverse" : "914", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { @@ -30868,8 +30868,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "915" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4832e353_6a2d_4deb_9a5b_96989afaff2d", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4832e353_6a2d_4deb_9a5b_96989afaff2d", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "727", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30894,8 +30894,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "212" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "918", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -30950,8 +30950,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "927" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "547", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -30963,7 +30963,7 @@ "versionInfo" : [ { "identifier" : "versionInfo", "language" : "undefined", - 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This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster.\n\nThe restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length)\n\n Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension)\n\nwas in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to\n\n Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension\n\nLikewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g.\n\n Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension\n\nwas changed to\n\n Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension\n\nThe label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.", + "value" : "In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster.\n\nThe restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length)\n\n Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension)\n\nwas in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to\n\n Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension\n\nLikewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g.\n\n Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension\n\nwas changed to\n\n Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension\n\nThe label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.", "type" : "label" } ] }, @@ -30979,8 +30979,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "asymmetric", "external", "inverse functional", "irreflexive", "object" ], "id" : "934" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b7493aee_366c_442d_8f59_49ac7aa664d7", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b7493aee_366c_442d_8f59_49ac7aa664d7", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "943", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31002,8 +31002,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "949" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "499", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -31063,8 +31063,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "964" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_16b510a6_0584_4134_bdb6_3bc185c17860", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_16b510a6_0584_4134_bdb6_3bc185c17860", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "967", "annotations" : { "EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a" : [ { @@ -31102,8 +31102,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "968" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#176e3f78_c867_4eca_9794_a4822660d9dc", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#176e3f78_c867_4eca_9794_a4822660d9dc", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31146,8 +31146,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "978" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8ef3cd6d_ae58_4a8d_9fc0_ad8f49015cd0", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8ef3cd6d_ae58_4a8d_9fc0_ad8f49015cd0", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "180", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31248,8 +31248,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1003" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHazard", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHazard", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "404", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31268,8 +31268,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "object" ], "id" : "319" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d4e0a0ab_2f67_4f87_a0db_b544e6dceed4", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d4e0a0ab_2f67_4f87_a0db_b544e6dceed4", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "1008", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -31393,8 +31393,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1038" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f2fc1ce9_cc3b_4eb5_a112_3c85d1b1374a", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f2fc1ce9_cc3b_4eb5_a112_3c85d1b1374a", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "409", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -31425,8 +31425,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "606" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31444,8 +31444,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "object" ], "id" : "1056" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "293", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31464,8 +31464,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "object" ], "id" : "245" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "286", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31484,8 +31484,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "object" ], "id" : "289" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "1064", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -31510,8 +31510,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "572" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dbe39465_6cf4_4592_b0c5_b7446789a37b", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dbe39465_6cf4_4592_b0c5_b7446789a37b", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31529,8 +31529,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "symmetric", "irreflexive", "object" ], "id" : "1066" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fd689787_31b0_41cf_bf03_0d69af76469d", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fd689787_31b0_41cf_bf03_0d69af76469d", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "485", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -31555,8 +31555,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "446" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_49e17ba8_dd17_4c28_b8c8_c8c5d5a9aab9", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_49e17ba8_dd17_4c28_b8c8_c8c5d5a9aab9", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "37", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31625,8 +31625,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1083" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9ee42d6b_7242_4a8d_967e_79f8f1c7fe29", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9ee42d6b_7242_4a8d_967e_79f8f1c7fe29", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "375", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31745,8 +31745,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1124" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "293", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -31815,8 +31815,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1146" }, { - 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"iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "216", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -35810,8 +35810,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1528" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#0558e802_46a4_45de_af85_47aff4dc427e", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#0558e802_46a4_45de_af85_47aff4dc427e", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -35829,8 +35829,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "744" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "586", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -35861,8 +35861,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "1530" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "790", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -35887,8 +35887,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "619" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "1532", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -35900,7 +35900,7 @@ "versionInfo" : [ { "identifier" : "versionInfo", "language" : "undefined", - "value" : "In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta5, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. 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"baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "877", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -35986,8 +35986,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "asymmetric", "external", "someValues", "irreflexive", "object" ], "id" : "1534" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "651", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36011,8 +36011,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1536" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "357", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36046,8 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"http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_24c71baf_6db6_48b9_86c8_8c70cf36db0c", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36109,8 +36109,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "1065" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_662c64e7_fc72_49b3_a161_f50fd42deafa", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_662c64e7_fc72_49b3_a161_f50fd42deafa", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "1073", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -36140,8 +36140,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "1547" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "350", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" 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"baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36222,8 +36222,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "266" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "291", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36342,8 +36342,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1578" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -36373,8 +36373,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "symmetric", "object" ], "id" : "268" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "337", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -36399,8 +36399,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "1057" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#bb6febfa_5c6b_43c9_941a_4b6157b703be", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#bb6febfa_5c6b_43c9_941a_4b6157b703be", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36418,8 +36418,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "914" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_54d0d0f4_d9fa_4179_a9b5_4110c49dafff", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_54d0d0f4_d9fa_4179_a9b5_4110c49dafff", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36438,8 +36438,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "symmetric", "irreflexive", "object" ], "id" : "704" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a0a2ded8_54e8_408d_a6b0_7fd1b4d7d16d", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_a0a2ded8_54e8_408d_a6b0_7fd1b4d7d16d", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "411", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -36463,8 +36463,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "1053" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "1181", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36488,8 +36488,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1583" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1440d010_e4c5_4597_8858_1d58cb1fb28f", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1440d010_e4c5_4597_8858_1d58cb1fb28f", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "1235", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36562,8 +36562,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1594" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "293", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -36621,8 +36621,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1604" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : 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"https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_74a75cf1_3418_4244_b43c_b5db94635d42", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "649", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -38259,8 +38259,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "asymmetric", "external", "irreflexive", "object" ], "id" : "767" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7329967c_3972_4c99_b478_84f66436620d", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_7329967c_3972_4c99_b478_84f66436620d", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "471", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -38278,8 +38278,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "1086" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "337", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -38310,8 +38310,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "625" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "293", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -38330,8 +38330,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "object" ], "id" : "249" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "1059", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -38356,8 +38356,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "1784" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "293", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -38388,8 +38388,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "1785" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "293", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -38414,8 +38414,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "someValues", "object" ], "id" : "1786" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "1224", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -38501,8 +38501,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1799" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5369d256_5866_4729_adc2_1498ee9a4959", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5369d256_5866_4729_adc2_1498ee9a4959", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "728", "annotations" : { "EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { @@ -38616,8 +38616,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "anonymous", "object" ], "id" : "1817" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "12", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -38635,8 +38635,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "symmetric", "irreflexive", "object" ], "id" : "891" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "1090", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -38654,8 +38654,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "object" ], "id" : "246" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "650", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -38674,8 +38674,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "object" ], "id" : "275" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", "range" : "279", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -38694,8 +38694,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "object" ], "id" : "247" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "1787", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { @@ -38718,8 +38718,8 @@ "attributes" : [ "external", "functional", "datatype" ], "id" : "1819" }, { - "iri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0ee9e6a2_9240_4b1d_ac9a_f72416c7dc70", - "baseIri" : "http://emmo.info/emmo", + "iri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0ee9e6a2_9240_4b1d_ac9a_f72416c7dc70", + "baseIri" : "https://w3id.org/emmo", "range" : "144", "annotations" : { "prefLabel" : [ { From d579d36f65ac15f8e7150801b3ae40179c52c7aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Simon Clark Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2024 22:40:37 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] correct IRIs corrected IRI format to w3id.org namespace --- chameo-individuals.ttl | 22 +- chameo.ttl | 456 +++--- documentation/ontology.jsonld | 764 +++++----- documentation/ontology.nt | 2642 ++++++++++++++++----------------- documentation/ontology.owl | 1128 +++++++------- documentation/ontology.ttl | 374 ++--- 6 files changed, 2693 insertions(+), 2693 deletions(-) diff --git a/chameo-individuals.ttl b/chameo-individuals.ttl index 8bb547a..c984488 100644 --- a/chameo-individuals.ttl +++ b/chameo-individuals.ttl @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -@prefix : . +@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @@ -6,48 +6,48 @@ @prefix emmo: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . -@prefix chameo: . -@base . +@prefix chameo: . +@base . ################################################################# # Individuals ################################################################# -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Agent1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Agent1 chameo:Agent1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , chameo:Operator . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 chameo:CalibrationProcess1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , chameo:CalibrationProcess . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChMeasProc1 chameo:ChMeasProc1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , chameo:CharacterisationMeasurementProcess . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Determination1 chameo:Determination1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , emmo:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 ; emmo:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 chameo:InferredChMethod1 . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InferredChMethod1 chameo:InferredChMethod1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; emmo:EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a chameo:ChMeasProc1 ; chameo:hasOperator chameo:Agent1 . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValid1 chameo:hasChValid1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; chameo:hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation chameo:hasChValid2 . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValid2 chameo:hasChValid2 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValidProp chameo:hasChValidProp rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chameo.ttl b/chameo.ttl index 55c2124..2ca4374 100644 --- a/chameo.ttl +++ b/chameo.ttl @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -@prefix : . +@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . @prefix vann: . -@prefix chameo: . +@prefix chameo: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix datacite: . -@base . +@base . - rdf:type owl:Ontology ; - owl:versionIRI ; + rdf:type owl:Ontology ; + owl:versionIRI ; owl:imports , , , @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ "Pierluigi Del Nostro" ; dcterms:description "Characterisation Methodology Ontology"@en ; dcterms:hasFormat ; - dcterms:identifier "http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo" ; + dcterms:identifier "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo" ; dcterms:issued "" ; dcterms:license "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ; dcterms:modified "2023-10-23T15:00:00Z" ; @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ bibo:doi "" ; "" ; vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "chameo"@en ; - vann:preferredNamespaceUri "http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo" ; + vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo" ; rdfs:comment """Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ foaf:page rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . # Object Properties ################################################################# -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure chameo:characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_d43af210_f854_4432_a891_ce3022e3b558 ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ chameo:characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasAccessConditions +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasAccessConditions chameo:hasAccessConditions rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ chameo:hasAccessConditions rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasAccessConditions"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment chameo:hasCharacterisationEnvironment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:range chameo:CharacterisationEnvironment ; @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ chameo:hasCharacterisationEnvironment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasCharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty chameo:hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationEnvironment ; @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ chameo:hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation chameo:hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ chameo:hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty chameo:hasCharacterisationProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_fd689787_31b0_41cf_bf03_0d69af76469d ; rdfs:domain chameo:Sample ; @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ chameo:hasCharacterisationProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasCharacterisationProperty"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware chameo:hasCharacterisationSoftware rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:range chameo:CharacterisationSoftware ; @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ chameo:hasCharacterisationSoftware rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasCharacterisationSoftware"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate chameo:hasDataAcquisitionRate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain chameo:RawData ; @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ chameo:hasDataAcquisitionRate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasDataAcquisitionRate"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration chameo:hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ chameo:hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasDataQuality +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataQuality chameo:hasDataQuality rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain chameo:MeasurementDataPostProcessing ; @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ chameo:hasDataQuality rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasDataQuality"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasDataset +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataset chameo:hasDataset rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:range emmo:EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a ; @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ chameo:hasDataset rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasDataset"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification chameo:hasHardwareSpecification rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationHardware ; @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ chameo:hasHardwareSpecification rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasHardwareSpecification"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasHazard +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHazard chameo:hasHazard rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:range chameo:Hazard ; @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ chameo:hasHazard rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasHazard"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasHolder +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHolder chameo:hasHolder rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:domain chameo:SamplePreparation ; @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ chameo:hasHolder rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasHolder"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasInteractionVolume +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionVolume chameo:hasInteractionVolume rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a ; rdfs:domain chameo:ProbeSampleInteraction ; @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ chameo:hasInteractionVolume rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasInteractionVolume"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe chameo:hasInteractionWithProbe rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a ; rdfs:domain chameo:ProbeSampleInteraction ; @@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ chameo:hasInteractionWithProbe rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasInteractionWithProbe"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample chameo:hasInteractionWithSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:domain chameo:ProbeSampleInteraction ; @@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ chameo:hasInteractionWithSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasInteractionWithSample"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasLab +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasLab chameo:hasLab rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:range chameo:Laboratory ; @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ chameo:hasLab rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasLab"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation chameo:hasLevelOfAutomation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ chameo:hasLevelOfAutomation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasLevelOfAutomation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector chameo:hasMeasurementDetector rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:range chameo:Detector ; @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ chameo:hasMeasurementDetector rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasMeasurementDetector"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter chameo:hasMeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ chameo:hasMeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasMeasurementParameter"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe chameo:hasMeasurementProbe rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:range chameo:Probe ; @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ chameo:hasMeasurementProbe rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasMeasurementProbe"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementSample chameo:hasMeasurementSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ chameo:hasMeasurementSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasMeasurementSample"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementTime +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementTime chameo:hasMeasurementTime rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain emmo:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb ; @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ chameo:hasMeasurementTime rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasMeasurementTime"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasOperator +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasOperator chameo:hasOperator rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a ; rdfs:range chameo:Operator ; @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ chameo:hasOperator rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasOperator"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle chameo:hasPeerReviewedArticle rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455 ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationProcedureValidation ; @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ chameo:hasPeerReviewedArticle rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasPeerReviewedArticle"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction chameo:hasPhysicsOfInteraction rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_24c71baf_6db6_48b9_86c8_8c70cf36db0c ; rdfs:domain chameo:ProbeSampleInteraction ; @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ chameo:hasPhysicsOfInteraction rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasPhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel chameo:hasPostProcessingModel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:domain chameo:MeasurementDataPostProcessing ; @@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ chameo:hasPostProcessingModel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasPostProcessingModel"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility chameo:hasProcessingReproducibility rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:domain chameo:MeasurementDataPostProcessing ; @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ chameo:hasProcessingReproducibility rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasProcessingReproducibility"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation chameo:hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:domain chameo:SamplePreparation ; @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ chameo:hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware chameo:hasSamplePreparationHardware rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ chameo:hasSamplePreparationHardware rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasSamplePreparationHardware"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput chameo:hasSamplePreparationInput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; rdfs:domain chameo:SamplePreparation ; @@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ chameo:hasSamplePreparationInput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasSamplePreparationInput"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput chameo:hasSamplePreparationOutput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; rdfs:domain chameo:SamplePreparation ; @@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ chameo:hasSamplePreparationOutput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasSamplePreparationOutput"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter chameo:hasSamplePreparationParameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; rdfs:domain chameo:SamplePreparation ; @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ chameo:hasSamplePreparationParameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasSamplePreparationParameter"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSampledSample chameo:hasSampledSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; rdfs:domain chameo:SamplingProcess ; @@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ chameo:hasSampledSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasSampledSample"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise chameo:requiresLevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; rdfs:range chameo:LevelOfExpertise ; @@ -481,8 +481,8 @@ chameo:requiresLevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; # Data properties ################################################################# -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration - rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty ; rdfs:domain chameo:CharacterisationInstrument ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ chameo:requiresLevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; # Classes ################################################################# -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ACVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ACVoltammetry chameo:ACVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154" ; @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ chameo:ACVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ACVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry chameo:AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en ; @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ chameo:AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; ] . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AccessConditions +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AccessConditions chameo:AccessConditions rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment"@en ; @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ chameo:AccessConditions rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "AccessConditions"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry chameo:AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:StrippingVoltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro- chemical accumulation)."@en ; @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ chameo:AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry chameo:AlphaSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectrometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from."@en ; @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ chameo:AlphaSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "AlphaSpectrometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Amperometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Amperometry chameo:Amperometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Electrochemical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en ; @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ chameo:Amperometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Amperometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy chameo:AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis."@en ; @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ chameo:AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AnodicStrippingVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AnodicStrippingVoltammetry chameo:AnodicStrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:StrippingVoltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328" ; @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ chameo:AnodicStrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "AnodicStrippingVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AtomProbeTomography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AtomProbeTomography chameo:AtomProbeTomography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Tomography ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased skos:prefLabel "AtomProbeTomography"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy chameo:AtomicForceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en ; @@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ chameo:AtomicForceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "AtomicForceMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CalibrationData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationData chameo:CalibrationData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationData ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en ; @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ chameo:CalibrationData rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CalibrationData"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing chameo:CalibrationDataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:DataPostProcessing ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement."@en ; @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ chameo:CalibrationDataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CalibrationDataPostProcessing"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess chameo:CalibrationProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationProcedure , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ standards. skos:prefLabel "CalibrationProcess"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationTask chameo:CalibrationTask rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationTask , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ chameo:CalibrationTask rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CalibrationTask" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Calorimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Calorimetry chameo:Calorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Thermochemical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter."@en ; @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ chameo:Calorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Calorimetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CathodicStrippingVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CathodicStrippingVoltammetry chameo:CathodicStrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:StrippingVoltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325" ; @@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ chameo:CathodicStrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CathodicStrippingVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData chameo:CharacterisationData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en ; @@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationData rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationData" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation chameo:CharacterisationDataValidation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en ; @@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationDataValidation rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment chameo:CharacterisationEnvironment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty emmo:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; @@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationEnvironment rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty chameo:CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment chameo:CharacterisationExperiment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_22522299_4091_4d1f_82a2_3890492df6db ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained."@en ; @@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationExperiment rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationExperiment"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardware chameo:CharacterisationHardware rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process."@en ; @@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationHardware rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationHardware"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareManufacturer +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareManufacturer chameo:CharacterisationHardwareManufacturer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationHardwareSpecification ; owl:disjointWith chameo:CharacterisationHardwareModel ; @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationHardwareManufacturer rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "HardwareManufacturer"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareModel +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareModel chameo:CharacterisationHardwareModel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationHardwareSpecification ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationHardwareModel rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "HardwareModel"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification chameo:CharacterisationHardwareSpecification rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationHardwareSpecification rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument chameo:CharacterisationInstrument rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 , emmo:EMMO_f2d5d3ad_2e00_417f_8849_686f3988d929 , @@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationInstrument" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess chameo:CharacterisationMeasurementProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb , chameo:CharacterisationProcedure , @@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ system specifications. skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask chameo:CharacterisationMeasurementTask rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationTask , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationMeasurementTask rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMeasurementTask"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod chameo:CharacterisationMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 , chameo:CharacterisationProcedure ; @@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMethod"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedure +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProcedure chameo:CharacterisationProcedure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules."@en ; @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ Data sampling"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationProcedure"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation chameo:CharacterisationProcedureValidation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample."@en ; @@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationProcedureValidation rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProperty chameo:CharacterisationProperty rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_873b0ab3_88e6_4054_b901_5531e01f14a4 , chameo:SecondaryData ; @@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationProperty rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationProperty"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol chameo:CharacterisationProtocol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationProcedure ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories."@en ; @@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationProtocol rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationProtocol"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware chameo:CharacterisationSoftware rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_3b031fa9_8623_4ea5_8b57_bcafb70c5c8b ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A software application to process characterisation data"@en ; @@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationSoftware rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationSoftware" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSystem +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationSystem chameo:CharacterisationSystem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_7dea2572_ab42_45bd_9fd7_92448cec762a , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationSystem"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationTask +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationTask chameo:CharacterisationTask rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( emmo:EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc chameo:CharacterisationProcedure @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationTask rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationTask"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisationWorkflow +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationWorkflow chameo:CharacterisationWorkflow rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( emmo:EMMO_64963ed6_39c9_4258_85e0_6466c4b5420c chameo:CharacterisationProcedure @@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisationWorkflow rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationWorkflow"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CharacterisedSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisedSample chameo:CharacterisedSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Sample ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process"@en ; @@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ chameo:CharacterisedSample rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisedSample" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChargeDistribution chameo:ChargeDistribution rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ chameo:ChargeDistribution rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ChargeDistribution"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Chromatography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Chromatography chameo:Chromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components."@en ; @@ -1024,7 +1024,7 @@ chameo:Chromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Chromatography"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Chronoamperometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Chronoamperometry chameo:Chronoamperometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Amperometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential"@en ; @@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ chameo:Chronoamperometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Chronoamperometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Chronocoulometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Chronocoulometry chameo:Chronocoulometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Coulometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve)"@en ; @@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ chameo:Chronocoulometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Chronocoulometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Chronopotentiometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Chronopotentiometry chameo:Chronopotentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Potentiometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current"@en ; @@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ chameo:Chronopotentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Chronopotentiometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CompressionTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CompressionTest chameo:CompressionTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads."@en ; @@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ chameo:CompressionTest rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CompressionTest"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ConductometricTitration +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ConductometricTitration chameo:ConductometricTitration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Conductometry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221" ; @@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ chameo:ConductometricTitration rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ConductometricTitration"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Conductometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Conductometry chameo:Conductometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Electrochemical ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180" ; @@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ chameo:Conductometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Conductometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy chameo:ConfocalMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation."@en ; @@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ chameo:ConfocalMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ConfocalMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CoulometricTitration +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CoulometricTitration chameo:CoulometricTitration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Coulometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point"@en ; @@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ chameo:CoulometricTitration rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CoulometricTitration"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Coulometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Coulometry chameo:Coulometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Electrochemical ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979" ; @@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ chameo:Coulometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Coulometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CreepTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CreepTest chameo:CreepTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress."@en ; @@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ chameo:CreepTest rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CreepTest"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography chameo:CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Chromatography ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ chameo:CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CyclicChronopotentiometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CyclicChronopotentiometry chameo:CyclicChronopotentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Chronopotentiometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en ; @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ chameo:CyclicChronopotentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; ] . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#CyclicVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CyclicVoltammetry chameo:CyclicVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647" ; @@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@ chameo:CyclicVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "CyclicVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DCPolarography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DCPolarography chameo:DCPolarography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode"@en ; @@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ chameo:DCPolarography rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DCPolarography"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate chameo:DataAcquisitionRate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable."@en ; @@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ chameo:DataAcquisitionRate rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataAcquisitionRate"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAnalysis chameo:DataAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en ; @@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ chameo:DataAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataAnalysis"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataFiltering +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataFiltering chameo:DataFiltering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:DataPreparation ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." ; @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ chameo:DataFiltering rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataFiltering"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataNormalisation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataNormalisation chameo:DataNormalisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:DataPreparation ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en ; @@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ chameo:DataNormalisation rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataNormalisation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPostProcessing chameo:DataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." ; @@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ chameo:DataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataPostProcessing"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataPreparation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPreparation chameo:DataPreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." ; @@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ chameo:DataPreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataPreparation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration chameo:DataProcessingThroughCalibration rdf:type owl:Class ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ chameo:DataProcessingThroughCalibration rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DataQuality +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataQuality chameo:DataQuality rdf:type owl:Class ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material."@en ; emmo:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis)"@en ; @@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@ chameo:DataQuality rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataQuality"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Detector +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Detector chameo:Detector rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationHardware ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample."@en ; @@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ chameo:Detector rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Detector"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy chameo:DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectroscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS."@en ; @@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ chameo:DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Dielectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Dielectrometry chameo:Dielectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Electrochemical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field"@en ; @@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ chameo:Dielectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Dielectrometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry chameo:DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:DifferentialPulseVoltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en ; @@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ chameo:DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; ] . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialPulseVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialPulseVoltammetry chameo:DifferentialPulseVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361" ; @@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ chameo:DifferentialPulseVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DifferentialPulseVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex chameo:DifferentialRefractiveIndex rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Optical ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -1339,7 +1339,7 @@ chameo:DifferentialRefractiveIndex rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DifferentialRefractiveIndex"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry chameo:DifferentialScanningCalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Thermochemical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively."@en ; @@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ chameo:DifferentialScanningCalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry chameo:DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:DifferentialPulseVoltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en ; @@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ chameo:DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; ] . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis chameo:DifferentialThermalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Thermochemical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample."@en ; @@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@ chameo:DifferentialThermalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DifferentialThermalAnalysis"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Dilatometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Dilatometry chameo:Dilatometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions."@en ; @@ -1385,7 +1385,7 @@ chameo:Dilatometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Dilatometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent chameo:DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Coulometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell"@en ; @@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ chameo:DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential chameo:DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Coulometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode"@en ; @@ -1408,7 +1408,7 @@ chameo:DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DynamicLightScattering +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicLightScattering chameo:DynamicLightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Optical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en ; @@ -1418,7 +1418,7 @@ chameo:DynamicLightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DynamicLightScattering"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis chameo:DynamicMechanicalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en ; @@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ chameo:DynamicMechanicalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy chameo:DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectroscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en ; @@ -1437,7 +1437,7 @@ chameo:DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Electrochemical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Electrochemical chameo:Electrochemical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en ; @@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@ chameo:Electrochemical rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Electrochemical"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy chameo:ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Impedimetry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904"@en ; @@ -1461,7 +1461,7 @@ chameo:ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry chameo:ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Electrogravimetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance."@en ; @@ -1472,7 +1472,7 @@ chameo:ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Electrogravimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Electrogravimetry chameo:Electrogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Electrochemical ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953" ; @@ -1491,7 +1491,7 @@ chameo:Electrogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; ] . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction chameo:ElectronBackscatterDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:ScanningElectronMicroscopy , chameo:ScatteringAndDiffraction ; @@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ chameo:ElectronBackscatterDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis chameo:ElectronProbeMicroanalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en ; @@ -1511,7 +1511,7 @@ chameo:ElectronProbeMicroanalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Ellipsometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Ellipsometry chameo:Ellipsometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Optical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric @@ -1525,7 +1525,7 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi skos:prefLabel "Ellipsometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy chameo:EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en ; @@ -1534,7 +1534,7 @@ chameo:EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Exafs +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Exafs chameo:Exafs rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectroscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. @@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a skos:prefLabel "Exafs"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FatigueTesting chameo:FatigueTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en ; @@ -1553,7 +1553,7 @@ chameo:FatigueTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "FatigueTesting"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#FibDic +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FibDic chameo:FibDic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en ; @@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ chameo:FibDic rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "FibDic" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy chameo:FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en ; @@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@ chameo:FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Fractography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Fractography chameo:Fractography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Optical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en ; @@ -1582,7 +1582,7 @@ chameo:Fractography rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Fractography"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry chameo:FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Osmometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en ; @@ -1591,7 +1591,7 @@ chameo:FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#GITT +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#GITT chameo:GITT rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Chronopotentiometry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986" ; @@ -1602,7 +1602,7 @@ chameo:GITT rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "GITT"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#GammaSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#GammaSpectrometry chameo:GammaSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectrometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] @@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity skos:prefLabel "GammaSpectrometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#HPPC +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#HPPC chameo:HPPC rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Chronopotentiometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load"@en ; @@ -1626,7 +1626,7 @@ chameo:HPPC rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "HPPC"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#HardnessTesting chameo:HardnessTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en ; @@ -1635,7 +1635,7 @@ chameo:HardnessTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "HardnessTesting"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Hazard +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Hazard chameo:Hazard rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en ; @@ -1644,7 +1644,7 @@ chameo:Hazard rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Hazard"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Holder +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Holder chameo:Holder rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationHardware ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en ; @@ -1653,7 +1653,7 @@ chameo:Holder rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Holder"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#HydrodynamicVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#HydrodynamicVoltammetry chameo:HydrodynamicVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237" ; @@ -1668,7 +1668,7 @@ chameo:HydrodynamicVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "HydrodynamicVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ICI +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ICI chameo:ICI rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Chronopotentiometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current"@en ; @@ -1678,7 +1678,7 @@ chameo:ICI rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ICI"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Impedimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Impedimetry chameo:Impedimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Electrochemical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential"@en ; @@ -1688,7 +1688,7 @@ chameo:Impedimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Impedimetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InteractionVolume chameo:InteractionVolume rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606 ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en ; @@ -1701,7 +1701,7 @@ chameo:InteractionVolume rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "InteractionVolume"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#IntermediateSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IntermediateSample chameo:IntermediateSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Sample ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -1709,7 +1709,7 @@ chameo:IntermediateSample rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "IntermediateSample"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#IonChromatography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IonChromatography chameo:IonChromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Chromatography ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en ; @@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ chameo:IonChromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "IonChromatography"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry chameo:IonMobilitySpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectrometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en ; @@ -1729,7 +1729,7 @@ chameo:IonMobilitySpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry chameo:IsothermalMicrocalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Thermochemical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). @@ -1741,7 +1741,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti skos:prefLabel "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Laboratory +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Laboratory chameo:Laboratory rdf:type owl:Class ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -1749,7 +1749,7 @@ chameo:Laboratory rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Laboratory" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfAutomation chameo:LevelOfAutomation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en ; @@ -1758,7 +1758,7 @@ chameo:LevelOfAutomation rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "LevelOfAutomation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfExpertise chameo:LevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en ; @@ -1767,7 +1767,7 @@ chameo:LevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "LevelOfExpertise"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LightScattering +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LightScattering chameo:LightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Optical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en ; @@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@ chameo:LightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "LightScattering"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LinearChronopotentiometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LinearChronopotentiometry chameo:LinearChronopotentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Chronopotentiometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en ; @@ -1792,7 +1792,7 @@ chameo:LinearChronopotentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; ] . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#LinearScanVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LinearScanVoltammetry chameo:LinearScanVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700" ; @@ -1810,7 +1810,7 @@ chameo:LinearScanVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "LinearScanVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MassSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MassSpectrometry chameo:MassSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectrometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en ; @@ -1819,7 +1819,7 @@ chameo:MassSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "MassSpectrometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing chameo:MeasurementDataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:DataPostProcessing ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en ; @@ -1830,7 +1830,7 @@ chameo:MeasurementDataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementParameter chameo:MeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_d1d436e7_72fc_49cd_863b_7bfb4ba5276a ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en ; @@ -1839,7 +1839,7 @@ chameo:MeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementParameter"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment chameo:MeasurementSystemAdjustment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationProcedure ; emmo:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured @@ -1860,7 +1860,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in skos:prefLabel "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementTime chameo:MeasurementTime rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en ; @@ -1869,7 +1869,7 @@ chameo:MeasurementTime rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementTime"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Mechanical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical chameo:Mechanical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: @@ -1881,7 +1881,7 @@ chameo:Mechanical rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Mechanical"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#MembraneOsmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MembraneOsmometry chameo:MembraneOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Osmometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en ; @@ -1890,7 +1890,7 @@ chameo:MembraneOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "MembraneOsmometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Microscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy chameo:Microscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en ; @@ -1899,7 +1899,7 @@ chameo:Microscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Microscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Nanoindentation chameo:Nanoindentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en ; @@ -1909,7 +1909,7 @@ chameo:Nanoindentation rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Nanoindentation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy chameo:NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectroscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en ; @@ -1919,7 +1919,7 @@ chameo:NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Nexafs +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Nexafs chameo:Nexafs rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectroscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en ; @@ -1928,7 +1928,7 @@ chameo:Nexafs rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Nexafs"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#NormalPulseVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#NormalPulseVoltammetry chameo:NormalPulseVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential"@en ; @@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@ chameo:NormalPulseVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "NormalPulseVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance chameo:NuclearMagneticResonance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectroscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en ; @@ -1955,7 +1955,7 @@ chameo:NuclearMagneticResonance rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#OpenCircuitHold +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#OpenCircuitHold chameo:OpenCircuitHold rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Potentiometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)"@en ; @@ -1965,7 +1965,7 @@ chameo:OpenCircuitHold rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "OpenCircuitHold"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Operator +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Operator chameo:Operator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en ; @@ -1974,7 +1974,7 @@ chameo:Operator rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Operator"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Optical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Optical chameo:Optical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -1982,7 +1982,7 @@ chameo:Optical rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Optical"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy chameo:OpticalMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en ; @@ -1991,7 +1991,7 @@ chameo:OpticalMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "OpticalMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Osmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Osmometry chameo:Osmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en ; @@ -2000,7 +2000,7 @@ chameo:Osmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Osmometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy chameo:PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en ; @@ -2009,7 +2009,7 @@ chameo:PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction chameo:PhysicsOfInteraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( emmo:EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3 @@ -2023,7 +2023,7 @@ chameo:PhysicsOfInteraction rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PostProcessingModel chameo:PostProcessingModel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_f7ed665b_c2e1_42bc_889b_6b42ed3a36f0 ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Mathematical model used to process data."@en ; @@ -2033,7 +2033,7 @@ chameo:PostProcessingModel rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "PostProcessingModel"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis chameo:PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en ; @@ -2082,7 +2082,7 @@ chameo:PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; ] . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Potentiometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Potentiometry chameo:Potentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Electrochemical ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632" ; @@ -2096,7 +2096,7 @@ chameo:Potentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Potentiometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PreparedSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PreparedSample chameo:PreparedSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Sample ; owl:disjointWith chameo:ReferenceSample ; @@ -2106,7 +2106,7 @@ chameo:PreparedSample rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "PreparedSample" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PrimaryData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PrimaryData chameo:PrimaryData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationData ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; @@ -2118,7 +2118,7 @@ chameo:PrimaryData rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "PrimaryData"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Probe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Probe chameo:Probe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationHardware ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties."@en ; @@ -2132,7 +2132,7 @@ chameo:Probe rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Probe"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction chameo:ProbeSampleInteraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -2145,7 +2145,7 @@ chameo:ProbeSampleInteraction rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility chameo:ProcessingReproducibility rdf:type owl:Class ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ chameo:ProcessingReproducibility rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ProcessingReproducibility"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Profilometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Profilometry chameo:Profilometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness."@en ; @@ -2162,7 +2162,7 @@ chameo:Profilometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Profilometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod chameo:PulsedElectroacousticMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:ChargeDistribution ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics."@en ; @@ -2172,7 +2172,7 @@ chameo:PulsedElectroacousticMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "PulsedElectroacousticMethod"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy chameo:RamanSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectroscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. @@ -2185,7 +2185,7 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation skos:prefLabel "RamanSpectroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#RawData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RawData chameo:RawData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e , chameo:CharacterisationData ; @@ -2199,7 +2199,7 @@ chameo:RawData rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "RawData"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#RawSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RawSample chameo:RawSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Sample ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -2207,7 +2207,7 @@ chameo:RawSample rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "RawSample"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ReferenceSample chameo:ReferenceSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Sample ; emmo:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination @@ -2239,7 +2239,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure skos:prefLabel "ReferenceSample"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Sample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample chameo:Sample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606 ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen."@en ; @@ -2251,7 +2251,7 @@ chameo:Sample rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Sample"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SampleInspection +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SampleInspection chameo:SampleInspection rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationProcedure ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method."@en ; @@ -2261,7 +2261,7 @@ chameo:SampleInspection rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SampleInspection"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SampleInspectionInstrument +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SampleInspectionInstrument chameo:SampleInspectionInstrument rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationHardware ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -2269,7 +2269,7 @@ chameo:SampleInspectionInstrument rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SampleInspectionInstrument" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation chameo:SamplePreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationProcedure , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -2290,7 +2290,7 @@ chameo:SamplePreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SamplePreparation"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware chameo:SamplePreparationHardware rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample."@en ; @@ -2299,7 +2299,7 @@ chameo:SamplePreparationHardware rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SamplePreparationHardware"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationInstrument +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationInstrument chameo:SamplePreparationInstrument rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationHardware ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -2307,7 +2307,7 @@ chameo:SamplePreparationInstrument rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SamplePreparationInstrument" . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter chameo:SamplePreparationParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf emmo:EMMO_d1d436e7_72fc_49cd_863b_7bfb4ba5276a ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Parameter used for the sample preparation process"@en ; @@ -2316,7 +2316,7 @@ chameo:SamplePreparationParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SamplePreparationParameter"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SampledDCPolarography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SampledDCPolarography chameo:SampledDCPolarography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:DCPolarography ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized."@en ; @@ -2328,7 +2328,7 @@ chameo:SampledDCPolarography rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SampledDCPolarography"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplingProcess chameo:SamplingProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationProcedure ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated."@en ; @@ -2338,7 +2338,7 @@ chameo:SamplingProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SamplingProcess"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy chameo:ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample."@en ; @@ -2348,7 +2348,7 @@ chameo:ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy chameo:ScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample."@en ; @@ -2358,7 +2358,7 @@ chameo:ScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe chameo:ScanningKelvinProbe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact."@en ; @@ -2368,7 +2368,7 @@ chameo:ScanningKelvinProbe rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ScanningKelvinProbe"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy chameo:ScanningProbeMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen."@en ; @@ -2377,7 +2377,7 @@ chameo:ScanningProbeMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ScanningProbeMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy chameo:ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams."@en ; @@ -2387,7 +2387,7 @@ chameo:ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction chameo:ScatteringAndDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -2395,7 +2395,7 @@ chameo:ScatteringAndDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ScatteringAndDiffraction"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SecondaryData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SecondaryData chameo:SecondaryData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationData ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data."@en ; @@ -2408,7 +2408,7 @@ chameo:SecondaryData rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SecondaryData"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry chameo:SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectrometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions."@en ; @@ -2418,7 +2418,7 @@ chameo:SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests chameo:ShearOrTorsionTests rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -2426,7 +2426,7 @@ chameo:ShearOrTorsionTests rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ShearOrTorsionTest"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Signal +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Signal chameo:Signal rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationData ; emmo:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )."@en ; @@ -2437,7 +2437,7 @@ chameo:Signal rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Signal"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Spectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectrometry chameo:Spectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample."@en ; @@ -2446,7 +2446,7 @@ chameo:Spectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Spectrometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy chameo:Spectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials."@en ; @@ -2455,7 +2455,7 @@ chameo:Spectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Spectroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#SquareWaveVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SquareWaveVoltammetry chameo:SquareWaveVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323" ; @@ -2473,7 +2473,7 @@ chameo:SquareWaveVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SquareWaveVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#StepChronopotentiometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#StepChronopotentiometry chameo:StepChronopotentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Chronopotentiometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en ; @@ -2489,7 +2489,7 @@ chameo:StepChronopotentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; ] . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#StrippingVoltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#StrippingVoltammetry chameo:StrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Voltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration."@en ; @@ -2505,7 +2505,7 @@ chameo:StrippingVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "StrippingVoltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Synchrotron +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Synchrotron chameo:Synchrotron rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:ScatteringAndDiffraction ; rdfs:comment "" ; @@ -2513,7 +2513,7 @@ chameo:Synchrotron rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Synchrotron"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#TensileTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#TensileTest chameo:TensileTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials."@en ; @@ -2523,7 +2523,7 @@ chameo:TensileTest rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "TensileTest"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Thermochemical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermochemical chameo:Thermochemical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature."@en ; @@ -2533,7 +2533,7 @@ chameo:Thermochemical rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Thermochemical"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermogravimetry chameo:Thermogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Thermochemical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)."@en ; @@ -2543,7 +2543,7 @@ chameo:Thermogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Thermogravimetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Tomography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Tomography chameo:Tomography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram."@en ; @@ -2552,7 +2552,7 @@ chameo:Tomography rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Tomography"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy chameo:TransmissionElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Microscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device."@en ; @@ -2562,7 +2562,7 @@ chameo:TransmissionElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Ultrasonic chameo:Ultrasonic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. @@ -2573,7 +2573,7 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou skos:prefLabel "Ultrasonic"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry chameo:VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Osmometry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect."@en ; @@ -2583,7 +2583,7 @@ chameo:VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Viscometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Viscometry chameo:Viscometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:CharacterisationMethod ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities."@en ; @@ -2593,7 +2593,7 @@ chameo:Viscometry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Viscometry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#Voltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Voltammetry chameo:Voltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Electrochemical ; emmo:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093" ; @@ -2607,7 +2607,7 @@ chameo:Voltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Voltammetry"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode chameo:VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:HydrodynamicVoltammetry ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation"@en ; @@ -2617,7 +2617,7 @@ chameo:VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#WearTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#WearTest chameo:WearTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Mechanical ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. @@ -2627,7 +2627,7 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface skos:prefLabel "WearTest"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic chameo:XpsVariableKinetic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:Spectroscopy ; emmo:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background."@en ; @@ -2638,7 +2638,7 @@ chameo:XpsVariableKinetic rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "XpsVariableKinetic"@en . -### http://w3id.org/emmo-chameo/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence chameo:XrdGrazingIncidence rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf chameo:ScatteringAndDiffraction ; rdfs:comment "" ; diff --git a/documentation/ontology.jsonld b/documentation/ontology.jsonld index 58e74c2..e40e22e 100644 --- a/documentation/ontology.jsonld +++ b/documentation/ontology.jsonld @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationData" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid10", @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid11", @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementParameter" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid12", @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid13", @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ "@id" : "_:genid14" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid14", @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid16", @@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Signal" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid2", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onClass" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid21", @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid22", @@ -114,30 +114,30 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid23", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#members" : [ { "@list" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAnalysis" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPostProcessing" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPreparation" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SampleInspection" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplingProcess" } ] } ] }, { @@ -147,32 +147,32 @@ "@id" : "_:genid4" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid33", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses" ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#members" : [ { "@list" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CompressionTest" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CreepTest" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FatigueTesting" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FibDic" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#HardnessTesting" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Nanoindentation" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#TensileTest" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#WearTest" } ] } ] }, { @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid6", @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Detector" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid7", @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Probe" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid8", @@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment" } ] }, { "@id" : "_:genid9", @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#someValuesFrom" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" } ] }, { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce", @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology" ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ "@id" : "https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier" : [ { - "@value" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" + "@value" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued" : [ { "@value" : "" @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ "@value" : "chameo" } ], "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri" : [ { - "@value" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" + "@value" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ "@id" : "https://github.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AccessConditions", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AccessConditions", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -376,62 +376,62 @@ "@value" : "AccessConditions" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Agent1", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Agent1", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual" ], "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Operator" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectrometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "AlphaSpectrometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Amperometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Amperometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Electrochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Amperometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomProbeTomography", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AtomProbeTomography", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science.\n\nThe sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Tomography" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "3D Atom Probe" @@ -443,21 +443,21 @@ "@value" : "AtomProbeTomography" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "AtomicForceMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationData", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -467,14 +467,14 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "CalibrationData" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -484,14 +484,14 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPostProcessing" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "CalibrationDataPostProcessing" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -521,13 +521,13 @@ "@value" : "CalibrationProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess1", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual" ], "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationTask", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -542,27 +542,27 @@ "@value" : "CalibrationTask" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Calorimetry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Calorimetry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Calorimetry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChMeasProc1", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual" ], "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationData" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationDataValidation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationEnvironment" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba" @@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationExperiment" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardware", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationHardware" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba" @@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ }, { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_f2d5d3ad_2e00_417f_8849_686f3988d929" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" }, { "@id" : "_:genid6" }, { @@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationInstrument" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationMeasurementTask" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationMethod" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationProcedureValidation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProperty", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -804,14 +804,14 @@ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_873b0ab3_88e6_4054_b901_5531e01f14a4" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SecondaryData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "CharacterisationProperty" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationProtocol" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationSoftware" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSystem", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationSystem", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -868,83 +868,83 @@ "@value" : "CharacterisationSystem" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChargeDistribution", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "ChargeDistribution" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Chromatography", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Chromatography", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Chromatography" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CompressionTest", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "CompressionTest" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "ConfocalMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CreepTest", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "CreepTest" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Chromatography" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Chromatography" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ "@value" : "DataAcquisitionRate" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAnalysis", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -975,7 +975,7 @@ "@value" : "DataAnalysis" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataFiltering", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataFiltering", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@value" : "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." @@ -984,14 +984,14 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "DataFiltering" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataNormalisation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataNormalisation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1005,14 +1005,14 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "DataNormalisation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPostProcessing", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@value" : "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." @@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ "@value" : "DataPostProcessing" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPreparation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@value" : "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." @@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ "@value" : "DataPreparation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ "@value" : "DataProcessingThroughCalibration" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataQuality", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ "@value" : "DataQuality" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Detector", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1093,51 +1093,51 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Detector" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Determination1", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual", "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InferredChMethod1" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Optical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "DifferentialRefractiveIndex" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "DSC" @@ -1147,14 +1147,14 @@ "@value" : "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "DTA" @@ -1164,28 +1164,28 @@ "@value" : "DifferentialThermalAnalysis" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Dilatometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Dilatometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Dilatometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicLightScattering", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicLightScattering", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Optical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "DLS" @@ -1195,28 +1195,28 @@ "@value" : "DynamicLightScattering" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "DMA" @@ -1226,30 +1226,30 @@ "@value" : "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Electrochemical", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Electrochemical" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "EBSD" @@ -1259,84 +1259,84 @@ "@value" : "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ellipsometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Ellipsometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric\nproperties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is\nthe analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the\nlight that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic\nlayer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique\ncan probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Optical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Ellipsometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Exafs", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Exafs", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.\nWhen the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Exafs" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FatigueTesting", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "FatigueTesting" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FibDic", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis" @@ -1345,14 +1345,14 @@ "@value" : "FibDic" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "FE-SEM" @@ -1362,63 +1362,63 @@ "@value" : "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Fractography", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Fractography", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Optical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Fractography" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Osmometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#GammaSpectrometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#GammaSpectrometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2]\n\nMost radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.\n\nA detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectrometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "GammaSpectrometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#HardnessTesting", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "HardnessTesting" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Hazard", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Hazard", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1435,7 +1435,7 @@ "@value" : "Hazard" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Holder", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Holder", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1445,23 +1445,23 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Holder" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InferredChMethod1", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChMeasProc1" } ], - "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Agent1" + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasOperator" : [ { + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Agent1" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InteractionVolume", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1492,38 +1492,38 @@ "@value" : "InteractionVolume" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IntermediateSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IntermediateSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "IntermediateSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonChromatography", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IonChromatography", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Chromatography" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Chromatography" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "IonChromatography" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectrometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "IMS" @@ -1533,14 +1533,14 @@ "@value" : "IonMobilitySpectrometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).\n\nIMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "IMC" @@ -1550,7 +1550,7 @@ "@value" : "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Laboratory", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Laboratory", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@value" : "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." @@ -1562,7 +1562,7 @@ "@value" : "Laboratory" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfAutomation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ "@value" : "LevelOfAutomation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfExpertise", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1596,35 +1596,35 @@ "@value" : "LevelOfExpertise" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LightScattering", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LightScattering", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Optical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "LightScattering" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MassSpectrometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MassSpectrometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectrometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "MassSpectrometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1641,14 +1641,14 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPostProcessing" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "MeasurementDataPostProcessing" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementParameter", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1665,7 +1665,7 @@ "@value" : "MeasurementParameter" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ "@value" : "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementTime", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1703,49 +1703,49 @@ "@value" : "MeasurementTime" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:\n1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.\n2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Mechanical" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MembraneOsmometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MembraneOsmometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Osmometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "MembraneOsmometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Microscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Nanoindentation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1756,21 +1756,21 @@ "@value" : "By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter someone can usually perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which might also some times refer as nanoindentation, because they are measurements, which are conducted using an nanoindenter." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Nanoindentation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "NSE" @@ -1780,28 +1780,28 @@ "@value" : "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nexafs", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Nexafs", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Nexafs" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)" @@ -1813,7 +1813,7 @@ "@value" : "NuclearMagneticResonance" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Operator", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1830,59 +1830,59 @@ "@value" : "Operator" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Optical", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Optical" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "OpticalMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Osmometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Osmometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1903,7 +1903,7 @@ "@value" : "PhysicsOfInteraction" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PostProcessingModel", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1924,37 +1924,37 @@ "@value" : "PostProcessingModel" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Potentiometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Potentiometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Electrochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Potentiometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PreparedSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PreparedSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The sample after a preparation process." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ReferenceSample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@value" : "PreparedSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PrimaryData", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PrimaryData", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -1974,14 +1974,14 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "PrimaryData" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Probe", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2007,14 +2007,14 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Probe" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2033,7 +2033,7 @@ "@value" : "ProbeSampleInteraction" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2047,49 +2047,49 @@ "@value" : "ProcessingReproducibility" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Profilometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Profilometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Profilometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChargeDistribution" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "PulsedElectroacousticMethod" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.\n\nRaman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.\n\nTypically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "RamanSpectroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RawData", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2115,24 +2115,24 @@ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e" }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "RawData" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RawSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "RawSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ReferenceSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2169,7 +2169,7 @@ "@value" : "ReferenceSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2192,7 +2192,7 @@ "@value" : "Sample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SampleInspection", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2210,7 +2210,7 @@ "@value" : "SampleInspection" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2233,7 +2233,7 @@ "@value" : "SamplePreparation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2250,7 +2250,7 @@ "@value" : "SamplePreparationHardware" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ "@value" : "SamplePreparationParameter" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplingProcess", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2285,14 +2285,14 @@ "@value" : "SamplingProcess" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "AES" @@ -2302,14 +2302,14 @@ "@value" : "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "SEM" @@ -2319,14 +2319,14 @@ "@value" : "ScanningElectronMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "SKB" @@ -2336,28 +2336,28 @@ "@value" : "ScanningKelvinProbe" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "ScanningProbeMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "STM" @@ -2367,17 +2367,17 @@ "@value" : "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "ScatteringAndDiffraction" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SecondaryData", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2394,7 +2394,7 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2405,14 +2405,14 @@ "@value" : "SecondaryData" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectrometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "SIMS" @@ -2422,17 +2422,17 @@ "@value" : "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "ShearOrTorsionTest" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Signal", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84" : [ { "@language" : "en", @@ -2450,59 +2450,59 @@ "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Signal" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectrometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Spectrometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Spectroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Synchrotron", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Synchrotron", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Synchrotron" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#TensileTest", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "TensionTest" @@ -2512,14 +2512,14 @@ "@value" : "TensileTest" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermochemical", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "TMA" @@ -2529,14 +2529,14 @@ "@value" : "Thermochemical" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermogravimetry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "TGA" @@ -2546,28 +2546,28 @@ "@value" : "Thermogravimetry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Tomography", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Tomography" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "TEM" @@ -2577,28 +2577,28 @@ "@value" : "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Ultrasonic", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion.\n\nUltrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Ultrasonic" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Osmometry" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "VPO" @@ -2608,14 +2608,14 @@ "@value" : "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Viscometry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Viscometry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "Viscosity" @@ -2625,42 +2625,42 @@ "@value" : "Viscometry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Voltammetry", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Voltammetry", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Electrochemical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "Voltammetry" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#WearTest", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces.\nWear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "WearTest" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel" : [ { "@value" : "Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)" @@ -2672,17 +2672,17 @@ "@value" : "XpsVariableKinetic" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel" : [ { "@language" : "en", "@value" : "XrdGrazingIncidence" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_d43af210_f854_4432_a891_ce3022e3b558" @@ -2692,16 +2692,16 @@ "@value" : "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasAccessConditions", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasAccessConditions", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AccessConditions" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AccessConditions" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -2711,25 +2711,25 @@ "@value" : "hasAccessConditions" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValid1", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual" ], - "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2" + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation" : [ { + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValid2" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValid2", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual" ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValidProp", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual" ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -2739,13 +2739,13 @@ "@value" : "hasCharacterisationEnvironment" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -2755,16 +2755,16 @@ "@value" : "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -2774,13 +2774,13 @@ "@value" : "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProperty" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_fd689787_31b0_41cf_bf03_0d69af76469d" @@ -2790,10 +2790,10 @@ "@value" : "hasCharacterisationProperty" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -2803,16 +2803,16 @@ "@value" : "hasCharacterisationSoftware" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RawData" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -2822,16 +2822,16 @@ "@value" : "hasDataAcquisitionRate" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -2841,16 +2841,16 @@ "@value" : "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataQuality", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataQuality", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataQuality" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -2860,7 +2860,7 @@ "@value" : "hasDataQuality" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataset", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataset", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a" @@ -2873,13 +2873,13 @@ "@value" : "hasDataset" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardware" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -2889,13 +2889,13 @@ "@value" : "hasHardwareSpecification" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHazard", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHazard", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Hazard" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Hazard" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -2905,16 +2905,16 @@ "@value" : "hasHazard" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHolder", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHolder", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Holder" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Holder" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -2924,16 +2924,16 @@ "@value" : "hasHolder" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionVolume", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionVolume", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InteractionVolume" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a" @@ -2943,16 +2943,16 @@ "@value" : "hasInteractionVolume" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Probe" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a" @@ -2962,16 +2962,16 @@ "@value" : "hasInteractionWithProbe" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -2981,10 +2981,10 @@ "@value" : "hasInteractionWithSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLab", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasLab", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Laboratory" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Laboratory" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -2994,16 +2994,16 @@ "@value" : "hasLab" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfAutomation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -3013,13 +3013,13 @@ "@value" : "hasLevelOfAutomation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Detector" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -3029,16 +3029,16 @@ "@value" : "hasMeasurementDetector" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementParameter" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" @@ -3048,13 +3048,13 @@ "@value" : "hasMeasurementParameter" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Probe" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -3064,16 +3064,16 @@ "@value" : "hasMeasurementProbe" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -3083,7 +3083,7 @@ "@value" : "hasMeasurementSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementTime", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementTime", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" @@ -3092,7 +3092,7 @@ "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementTime" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -3102,13 +3102,13 @@ "@value" : "hasMeasurementTime" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasOperator", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Operator" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a" @@ -3118,10 +3118,10 @@ "@value" : "hasOperator" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { "@id" : "http://purl.org/spar/datacite/ResourceIdentifier" @@ -3134,13 +3134,13 @@ "@value" : "hasPeerReviewedArticle" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_24c71baf_6db6_48b9_86c8_8c70cf36db0c" @@ -3150,16 +3150,16 @@ "@value" : "hasPhysicsOfInteraction" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PostProcessingModel" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -3169,16 +3169,16 @@ "@value" : "hasPostProcessingModel" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -3188,13 +3188,13 @@ "@value" : "hasProcessingReproducibility" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -3204,7 +3204,7 @@ "@value" : "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77" @@ -3214,13 +3214,13 @@ "@value" : "hasSamplePreparationHardware" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" @@ -3230,16 +3230,16 @@ "@value" : "hasSamplePreparationInput" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" @@ -3249,13 +3249,13 @@ "@value" : "hasSamplePreparationOutput" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22" @@ -3265,16 +3265,16 @@ "@value" : "hasSamplePreparationParameter" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSampledSample", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplingProcess" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840" @@ -3284,13 +3284,13 @@ "@value" : "hasSampledSample" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "@value" : "" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfExpertise" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf" : [ { "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204" @@ -3300,10 +3300,10 @@ "@value" : "requiresLevelOfExpertise" } ] }, { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration", + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration", "@type" : [ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain" : [ { - "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" + "@id" : "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range" : [ { "@id" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" diff --git a/documentation/ontology.nt b/documentation/ontology.nt index d484901..62b3051 100644 --- a/documentation/ontology.nt +++ b/documentation/ontology.nt @@ -1,45 +1,45 @@ - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - "CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation methodologies."@en . - "CHAMEO" . - "Work under review - not available yet" . - "Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)" . - "2022-03-03" . - "Daniele Toti" . - "Gerhard Goldbeck" . - "Pierluigi Del Nostro" . - "Characterisation Methodology Ontology"@en . - . - "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" . - "" . - "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" . - "2023-10-23T15:00:00Z" . - "EMMC ASBL" . - "" . - "CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology"@en . - "" . - "chameo"@en . - "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" . - "Contacts:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGerhard Goldbeck\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGoldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\temail: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com"@en . - "" . - "1.0.0-beta2" . - "1.0.0-beta3" . - "CHAMEO" . - . - "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png" . - . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + . + "CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation methodologies."@en . + "CHAMEO" . + "Work under review - not available yet" . + "Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)" . + "2022-03-03" . + "Daniele Toti" . + "Gerhard Goldbeck" . + "Pierluigi Del Nostro" . + "Characterisation Methodology Ontology"@en . + . + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo" . + "" . + "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" . + "2023-10-23T15:00:00Z" . + "EMMC ASBL" . + "" . + "CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology"@en . + "" . + "chameo"@en . + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo" . + "Contacts:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGerhard Goldbeck\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGoldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\temail: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com"@en . + "" . + "1.0.0-beta2" . + "1.0.0-beta3" . + "CHAMEO" . + . + "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png" . + . # # # ################################################################# @@ -103,267 +103,267 @@ # ################################################################# # # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure - . - . - "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasAccessConditions - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasAccessConditions"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment - . - . - . - "" . - "hasCharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - . - . - . - . - "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty - . - . - . - . - "hasCharacterisationProperty"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware - . - . - . - "hasCharacterisationSoftware"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasDataAcquisitionRate"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataQuality - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasDataQuality"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataset - . - . - . - "hasDataset"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification - . - . - . - . - "hasHardwareSpecification"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHazard - . - . - . - "" . - "hasHazard"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHolder - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasHolder"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionVolume - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasInteractionVolume"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasInteractionWithProbe"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasInteractionWithSample"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLab - . - . - . - "hasLab"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasLevelOfAutomation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementDetector"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementParameter"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementProbe"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementSample"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementTime - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasMeasurementTime"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator - . - . - . - "" . - "hasOperator"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle - . - . - . - . - "hasPeerReviewedArticle"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction - . - . - . - . - "hasPhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasPostProcessingModel"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasProcessingReproducibility"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - . - . - . - . - "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware - . - . - "hasSamplePreparationHardware"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput - . - . - . - . - "hasSamplePreparationInput"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasSamplePreparationOutput"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter - . - . - . - . - "hasSamplePreparationParameter"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample - . - . - . - . - "" . - "hasSampledSample"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise - . - . - . - "" . - "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure + . + . + "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasAccessConditions + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasAccessConditions"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment + . + . + . + "" . + "hasCharacterisationEnvironment"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + . + . + . + . + "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty + . + . + . + . + "hasCharacterisationProperty"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware + . + . + . + "hasCharacterisationSoftware"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasDataAcquisitionRate"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataQuality + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasDataQuality"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataset + . + . + . + "hasDataset"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification + . + . + . + . + "hasHardwareSpecification"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHazard + . + . + . + "" . + "hasHazard"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHolder + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasHolder"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionVolume + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasInteractionVolume"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasInteractionWithProbe"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasInteractionWithSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasLab + . + . + . + "hasLab"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasLevelOfAutomation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementDetector"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementParameter"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementProbe"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementSample + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementTime + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasMeasurementTime"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasOperator + . + . + . + "" . + "hasOperator"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle + . + . + . + . + "hasPeerReviewedArticle"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction + . + . + . + . + "hasPhysicsOfInteraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasPostProcessingModel"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasProcessingReproducibility"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + . + . + . + . + "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware + . + . + "hasSamplePreparationHardware"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput + . + . + . + . + "hasSamplePreparationInput"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasSamplePreparationOutput"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter + . + . + . + . + "hasSamplePreparationParameter"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSampledSample + . + . + . + . + "" . + "hasSampledSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise + . + . + . + "" . + "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en . # # # @@ -374,12 +374,12 @@ # ################################################################# # # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration - . - . - . - . - "hasDateOfCalibration"@en . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration + . + . + . + . + "hasDateOfCalibration"@en . # # # @@ -393,678 +393,678 @@ # https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce . # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AccessConditions - . - . - "Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment"@en . - "In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these."@en . - "Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en . - "Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en . - "" . - "AccessConditions"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry - . - . - "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from."@en . - "AlphaSpectrometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Amperometry - . - . - "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en . - "Amperometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis."@en . - "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomProbeTomography - . - . - "Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science.\n\nThe sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy."@en . - "3D Atom Probe" . - "APT" . - "AtomProbeTomography"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy - . - . - "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en . - "AtomicForceMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData - . - . - "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en . - "" . - "CalibrationData"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing - . - . - "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement."@en . - "" . - "CalibrationDataPostProcessing"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess - . - . - _:genid1 . -_:genid1 . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AccessConditions + . + . + "Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment"@en . + "In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these."@en . + "Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en . + "Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service?"@en . + "" . + "AccessConditions"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry + . + . + "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from."@en . + "AlphaSpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Amperometry + . + . + "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en . + "Amperometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis."@en . + "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AtomProbeTomography + . + . + "Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science.\n\nThe sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy."@en . + "3D Atom Probe" . + "APT" . + "AtomProbeTomography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy + . + . + "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en . + "AtomicForceMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationData + . + . + "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en . + "" . + "CalibrationData"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing + . + . + "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement."@en . + "" . + "CalibrationDataPostProcessing"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess + . + . + _:genid1 . +_:genid1 . _:genid1 . _:genid1 . - _:genid2 . -_:genid2 . + _:genid2 . +_:genid2 . _:genid2 "1"^^ . _:genid2 . _:genid2 . - "Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions\n1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and\n2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication\nNOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.\nNOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.\nNOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from\nmeasurement standards.\nNOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty\nfor the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the\npast the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.\nNOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement\nstandards.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . - "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en . - "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en . - "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en . - "CalibrationProcess"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask - . - . - _:genid3 . -_:genid3 . + "Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions\n1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and\n2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication\nNOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.\nNOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.\nNOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from\nmeasurement standards.\nNOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty\nfor the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the\npast the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.\nNOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement\nstandards.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . + "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en . + "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en . + "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en . + "CalibrationProcess"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationTask + . + . + _:genid3 . +_:genid3 . _:genid3 _:genid4 . _:genid4 . _:genid3 . - "Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow."@en . - "CalibrationTask" . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Calorimetry - . - . - "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter."@en . - "Calorimetry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData - . - . - "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationData" . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation - . - . - "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en . - "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment - . - _:genid5 . -_:genid5 . + "Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow."@en . + "CalibrationTask" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Calorimetry + . + . + "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter."@en . + "Calorimetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData + . + . + "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationData" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation + . + . + "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en . + "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment + . + _:genid5 . +_:genid5 . _:genid5 . _:genid5 . - "Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment."@en . - "Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc."@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - . - . - "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment - . - . - "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained."@en . - "CharacterisationExperiment"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware - . - . - "Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process."@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationHardware"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - . - . - "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument - . - . - . - . - _:genid6 . -_:genid6 . + "Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment."@en . + "Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc."@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + . + . + "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment + . + . + "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained."@en . + "CharacterisationExperiment"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardware + . + . + "Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process."@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationHardware"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + . + . + "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument + . + . + . + . + _:genid6 . +_:genid6 . _:genid6 . _:genid6 . - _:genid7 . -_:genid7 . + _:genid7 . +_:genid7 . _:genid7 . _:genid7 . - "Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary\ndevices\nNOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.\nNOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."@en . - "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en . - "In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter" . - "Measuring instrument"@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationInstrument" . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - . - . - _:genid8 . -_:genid8 . + "Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary\ndevices\nNOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.\nNOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."@en . + "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en . + "In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter" . + "Measuring instrument"@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationInstrument" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + . + . + _:genid8 . +_:genid8 . _:genid8 . _:genid8 . - _:genid9 . -_:genid9 . + _:genid9 . +_:genid9 . _:genid9 . _:genid9 . - _:genid10 . -_:genid10 . + _:genid10 . +_:genid10 . _:genid10 . _:genid10 . - _:genid11 . -_:genid11 . + _:genid11 . +_:genid11 . _:genid11 . _:genid11 . - _:genid12 . -_:genid12 . + _:genid12 . +_:genid12 . _:genid12 . _:genid12 . - "Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information\nNOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.\nNOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,\nsuch that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.\nNOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the\nprocess of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.\nNOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at\nsome step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.\nNOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the\nquantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated\nmeasuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement\nconditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the\nmeasurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring\nsystem specifications.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . - "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en . - "Measurement"@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask - . - . - _:genid13 . -_:genid13 . + "Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information\nNOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.\nNOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,\nsuch that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.\nNOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the\nprocess of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.\nNOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at\nsome step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.\nNOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the\nquantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated\nmeasuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement\nconditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the\nmeasurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring\nsystem specifications.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . + "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en . + "Measurement"@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask + . + . + _:genid13 . +_:genid13 . _:genid13 _:genid14 . _:genid14 . _:genid13 . - "Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow."@en . - "CharacterisationMeasurementTask"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod - . - . - . - "The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing)."@en . - "A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps." . - "Characterisation procedure"@en . - "Characterisation technique"@en . - "CharacterisationMethod"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation - . - . - "Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample."@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty - . - . - . - "The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model)."@en . - "" . - "CharacterisationProperty"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol - . - . - "A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories."@en . - "CharacterisationProtocol"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware - . - . - "A software application to process characterisation data"@en . - "In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data." . - "" . - "CharacterisationSoftware" . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSystem - . - . - _:genid15 . -_:genid15 . + "Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow."@en . + "CharacterisationMeasurementTask"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod + . + . + . + "The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing)."@en . + "A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps." . + "Characterisation procedure"@en . + "Characterisation technique"@en . + "CharacterisationMethod"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation + . + . + "Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample."@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProperty + . + . + . + "The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model)."@en . + "" . + "CharacterisationProperty"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol + . + . + "A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories."@en . + "CharacterisationProtocol"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware + . + . + "A software application to process characterisation data"@en . + "In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data." . + "" . + "CharacterisationSoftware" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationSystem + . + . + _:genid15 . +_:genid15 . _:genid15 . _:genid15 . - "Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and\nadapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for\nquantities of specified kinds\nNOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.\nNOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,\nMeasurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO\n17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.\nNOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the\nlatter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,\nincluding the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.\nNOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."@en . - "A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds."@en . - "Measuring system"@en . - "CharacterisationSystem"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution - . - . - "ChargeDistribution"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Chromatography - . - . - "Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components."@en . - "Chromatography"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest - . - . - "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads."@en . - "CompressionTest"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy - . - . - "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation."@en . - "ConfocalMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest - . - . - "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress."@en . - "CreepTest"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - . - . - "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate - . - . - "Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable."@en . - "" . - "DataAcquisitionRate"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis - . - . - "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en . - "DataAnalysis"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataFiltering - . - . - "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." . - "" . - "DataFiltering"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataNormalisation - . - . - "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en . - "It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction."@en . - "" . - "DataNormalisation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing - . - . - "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." . - "" . - "DataPostProcessing"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation - . - . - "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." . - "" . - "DataPreparation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration - . - "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en . - "" . - "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality - . - "Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material."@en . - "Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis)"@en . - "" . - "DataQuality"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector - . - . - "Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample."@en . - "Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM"@en . - "Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing"@en . - "" . - "Detector"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - . - . - "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS."@en . - "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex - . - . - "DifferentialRefractiveIndex"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - . - . - "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively."@en . - "DSC" . - "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis - . - . - "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample."@en . - "DTA" . - "DifferentialThermalAnalysis"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Dilatometry - . - . - "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions."@en . - "Dilatometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicLightScattering - . - . - "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en . - "DLS" . - "DynamicLightScattering"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - . - . - "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en . - "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - . - . - "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en . - "DMA" . - "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical - . - . - "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en . - "Electrochemical"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - . - . - . - "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en . - "EBSD" . - "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - . - . - "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en . - "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ellipsometry - . - . - "Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric\nproperties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is\nthe analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the\nlight that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic\nlayer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique\ncan probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."@en . - "Ellipsometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en . - "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Exafs - . - . - "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.\nWhen the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."@en . - "Exafs"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting - . - . - "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en . - "FatigueTesting"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic - . - . - "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en . - "FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis" . - "FibDic" . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en . - "FE-SEM" . - "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Fractography - . - . - "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en . - "Fractography"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - . - . - "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en . - "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#GammaSpectrometry - . - . - "Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2]\n\nMost radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.\n\nA detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."@en . - "GammaSpectrometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting - . - . - "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en . - "HardnessTesting"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Hazard - . - . - "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en . - "" . - "Hazard"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Holder - . - . - "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en . - "" . - "Holder"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume - . - . - "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en . - "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc."@en . - "In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …)."@en . - "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en . - "It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en . - "" . - "InteractionVolume"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IntermediateSample - . - . - "IntermediateSample"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonChromatography - . - . - "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en . - "IonChromatography"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry - . - . - "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en . - "IMS" . - "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - . - . - "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).\n\nIMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."@en . - "IMC" . - "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Laboratory - . - "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." . - "" . - "Laboratory" . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation - . - . - "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en . - "" . - "LevelOfAutomation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise - . - . - "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en . - "" . - "LevelOfExpertise"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LightScattering - . - . - "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en . - "LightScattering"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MassSpectrometry - . - . - "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en . - "MassSpectrometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing - . - . - "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en . - "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)"@en . - "In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en . - "" . - "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter - . - . - "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en . - "" . - "MeasurementParameter"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment - . - . - "Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured\nNOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form\n“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used.\nNOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment\n(sometimes called “gain adjustment”).\nNOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite\nfor adjustment.\nNOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . - "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration).\nThe output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."@en . - "Adjustment"@en . - "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime - . - . - "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en . - "" . - "MeasurementTime"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical - . - . - "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:\n1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.\n2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."@en . - "Mechanical"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MembraneOsmometry - . - . - "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en . - "MembraneOsmometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy - . - . - "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en . - "Microscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation - . - . - "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en . - "By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter someone can usually perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which might also some times refer as nanoindentation, because they are measurements, which are conducted using an nanoindenter."@en . - "Nanoindentation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - . - . - "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en . - "NSE" . - "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nexafs - . - . - "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en . - "Nexafs"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance - . - . - "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en . - "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)" . - "NMR" . - "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator - . - . - "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en . - "" . - "Operator"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical - . - . - "Optical"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy - . - . - "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en . - "OpticalMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry - . - . - "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en . - "Osmometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - . - . - "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en . - "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction - . - _:genid16 . + "Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and\nadapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for\nquantities of specified kinds\nNOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.\nNOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,\nMeasurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO\n17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.\nNOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the\nlatter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,\nincluding the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.\nNOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."@en . + "A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds."@en . + "Measuring system"@en . + "CharacterisationSystem"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChargeDistribution + . + . + "ChargeDistribution"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Chromatography + . + . + "Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components."@en . + "Chromatography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CompressionTest + . + . + "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads."@en . + "CompressionTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy + . + . + "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation."@en . + "ConfocalMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CreepTest + . + . + "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress."@en . + "CreepTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + . + . + "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate + . + . + "Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable."@en . + "" . + "DataAcquisitionRate"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAnalysis + . + . + "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en . + "DataAnalysis"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataFiltering + . + . + "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." . + "" . + "DataFiltering"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataNormalisation + . + . + "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en . + "It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction."@en . + "" . + "DataNormalisation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPostProcessing + . + . + "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." . + "" . + "DataPostProcessing"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPreparation + . + . + "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." . + "" . + "DataPreparation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration + . + "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en . + "" . + "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataQuality + . + "Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material."@en . + "Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis)"@en . + "" . + "DataQuality"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Detector + . + . + "Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample."@en . + "Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM"@en . + "Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing"@en . + "" . + "Detector"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + . + . + "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS."@en . + "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex + . + . + "DifferentialRefractiveIndex"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + . + . + "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively."@en . + "DSC" . + "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis + . + . + "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample."@en . + "DTA" . + "DifferentialThermalAnalysis"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Dilatometry + . + . + "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions."@en . + "Dilatometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicLightScattering + . + . + "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en . + "DLS" . + "DynamicLightScattering"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + . + . + "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en . + "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + . + . + "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en . + "DMA" . + "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Electrochemical + . + . + "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en . + "Electrochemical"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + . + . + . + "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en . + "EBSD" . + "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + . + . + "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en . + "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Ellipsometry + . + . + "Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric\nproperties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is\nthe analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the\nlight that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic\nlayer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique\ncan probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."@en . + "Ellipsometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en . + "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Exafs + . + . + "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.\nWhen the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."@en . + "Exafs"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FatigueTesting + . + . + "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en . + "FatigueTesting"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FibDic + . + . + "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en . + "FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis" . + "FibDic" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en . + "FE-SEM" . + "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Fractography + . + . + "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en . + "Fractography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + . + . + "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en . + "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#GammaSpectrometry + . + . + "Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2]\n\nMost radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.\n\nA detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."@en . + "GammaSpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#HardnessTesting + . + . + "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en . + "HardnessTesting"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Hazard + . + . + "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en . + "" . + "Hazard"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Holder + . + . + "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en . + "" . + "Holder"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InteractionVolume + . + . + "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en . + "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc."@en . + "In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …)."@en . + "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en . + "It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en . + "" . + "InteractionVolume"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IntermediateSample + . + . + "IntermediateSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IonChromatography + . + . + "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en . + "IonChromatography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry + . + . + "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en . + "IMS" . + "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + . + . + "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).\n\nIMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."@en . + "IMC" . + "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Laboratory + . + "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." . + "" . + "Laboratory" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfAutomation + . + . + "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en . + "" . + "LevelOfAutomation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfExpertise + . + . + "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en . + "" . + "LevelOfExpertise"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LightScattering + . + . + "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en . + "LightScattering"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MassSpectrometry + . + . + "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en . + "MassSpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing + . + . + "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en . + "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)"@en . + "In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en . + "" . + "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementParameter + . + . + "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en . + "" . + "MeasurementParameter"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment + . + . + "Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured\nNOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form\n“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used.\nNOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment\n(sometimes called “gain adjustment”).\nNOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite\nfor adjustment.\nNOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . + "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration).\nThe output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."@en . + "Adjustment"@en . + "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementTime + . + . + "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en . + "" . + "MeasurementTime"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical + . + . + "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:\n1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.\n2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."@en . + "Mechanical"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MembraneOsmometry + . + . + "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en . + "MembraneOsmometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy + . + . + "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en . + "Microscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Nanoindentation + . + . + "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en . + "By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter someone can usually perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which might also some times refer as nanoindentation, because they are measurements, which are conducted using an nanoindenter."@en . + "Nanoindentation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + . + . + "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en . + "NSE" . + "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Nexafs + . + . + "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en . + "Nexafs"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance + . + . + "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en . + "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)" . + "NMR" . + "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Operator + . + . + "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en . + "" . + "Operator"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Optical + . + . + "Optical"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy + . + . + "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en . + "OpticalMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Osmometry + . + . + "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en . + "Osmometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + . + . + "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en . + "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction + . + _:genid16 . _:genid16 _:genid18 . _:genid18 _:genid17 . _:genid17 . @@ -1073,340 +1073,340 @@ _:genid17 . _:genid18 . _:genid16 . - "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en . - "In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law)."@en . - "" . - "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel - . - . - "Mathematical model used to process data."@en . - "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en . - "" . - "PostProcessingModel"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Potentiometry - . - . - "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en . - "Potentiometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PreparedSample - . - . - . - "The sample after a preparation process."@en . - "PreparedSample" . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PrimaryData - . - . - "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en . - "Baseline subtraction"@en . - "Noise reduction"@en . - "X and Y axes correction"@en . - "" . - "PrimaryData"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe - . - . - "Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties."@en . - "In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics."@en . - "In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm."@en . - "In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…)"@en . - "In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence)."@en . - "In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry"@en . - "" . - "Probe"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction - . - . - _:genid19 . -_:genid19 . + "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en . + "In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law)."@en . + "" . + "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PostProcessingModel + . + . + "Mathematical model used to process data."@en . + "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en . + "" . + "PostProcessingModel"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Potentiometry + . + . + "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en . + "Potentiometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PreparedSample + . + . + . + "The sample after a preparation process."@en . + "PreparedSample" . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PrimaryData + . + . + "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en . + "Baseline subtraction"@en . + "Noise reduction"@en . + "X and Y axes correction"@en . + "" . + "PrimaryData"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Probe + . + . + "Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties."@en . + "In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics."@en . + "In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm."@en . + "In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…)"@en . + "In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence)."@en . + "In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry"@en . + "" . + "Probe"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction + . + . + _:genid19 . +_:genid19 . _:genid19 . _:genid19 . - "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en . - "" . - "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility - . - "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en . - "" . - "ProcessingReproducibility"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Profilometry - . - . - "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness."@en . - "Profilometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod - . - . - "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics."@en . - "PulsedElectroacousticMethod"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy - . - . - "Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.\n\nRaman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.\n\nTypically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector."@en . - "RamanSpectroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData - . - . - . - "Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated."@en . - "The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy."@en . - "In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time."@en . - "In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam."@en . - "In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector."@en . - "" . - "RawData"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawSample - . - . - "RawSample"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample - . - . - "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination\nNOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property\nvalue.\nNOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.\nNOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.\nEXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.\nNOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.\nNOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.\nEXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.\nNOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to\nwhich International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.\nNOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality\ncontrol, but not both.\nNOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference\nmaterials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . - "Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007]"@en . - "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”."@en . - "Reference material"@en . - "" . - "Certified Reference Material"@en . - "Reference material"@en . - "ReferenceSpecimen" . - "ReferenceSample"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample - . - . - "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen."@en . - "Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero." . - "" . - "Specimen" . - "Sample"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection - . - . - "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method."@en . - "In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area."@en . - "SampleInspection"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation - . - . - _:genid20 . -_:genid20 . + "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en . + "" . + "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility + . + "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en . + "" . + "ProcessingReproducibility"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Profilometry + . + . + "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness."@en . + "Profilometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod + . + . + "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics."@en . + "PulsedElectroacousticMethod"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy + . + . + "Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.\n\nRaman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.\n\nTypically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector."@en . + "RamanSpectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RawData + . + . + . + "Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated."@en . + "The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy."@en . + "In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time."@en . + "In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam."@en . + "In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector."@en . + "" . + "RawData"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RawSample + . + . + "RawSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ReferenceSample + . + . + "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination\nNOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property\nvalue.\nNOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.\nNOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.\nEXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.\nNOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.\nNOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.\nEXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.\nNOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to\nwhich International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.\nNOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality\ncontrol, but not both.\nNOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference\nmaterials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.\n\n-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"@en . + "Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007]"@en . + "Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”."@en . + "Reference material"@en . + "" . + "Certified Reference Material"@en . + "Reference material"@en . + "ReferenceSpecimen" . + "ReferenceSample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample + . + . + "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen."@en . + "Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero." . + "" . + "Specimen" . + "Sample"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SampleInspection + . + . + "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method."@en . + "In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area."@en . + "SampleInspection"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation + . + . + _:genid20 . +_:genid20 . _:genid20 . _:genid20 . - _:genid21 . -_:genid21 . + _:genid21 . +_:genid21 . _:genid21 . _:genid21 . - _:genid22 . -_:genid22 . + _:genid22 . +_:genid22 . _:genid22 . _:genid22 . - "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en . - "" . - "SamplePreparation"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware - . - . - "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample."@en . - "" . - "SamplePreparationHardware"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter - . - . - "Parameter used for the sample preparation process"@en . - "SamplePreparationParameter"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess - . - . - "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated."@en . - "The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken."@en . - "" . - "SamplingProcess"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample."@en . - "AES" . - "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample."@en . - "SEM" . - "ScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe - . - . - "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact."@en . - "SKB" . - "ScanningKelvinProbe"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy - . - . - "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen."@en . - "ScanningProbeMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - . - . - "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams."@en . - "STM" . - "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction - . - . - "ScatteringAndDiffraction"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData - . - . - "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data."@en . - "Deconvoluted curves"@en . - "Intensity maps"@en . - "" . - "Elaborated data"@en . - "SecondaryData"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - . - . - "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions."@en . - "SIMS" . - "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests - . - . - "ShearOrTorsionTest"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal - . - . - "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )."@en . - "Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity."@en . - "Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms."@en . - "" . - "Signal"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry - . - . - "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample."@en . - "Spectrometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy - . - . - "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials."@en . - "Spectroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Synchrotron - . - . - "Synchrotron"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest - . - . - "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials."@en . - "TensionTest" . - "TensileTest"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical - . - . - "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature."@en . - "TMA" . - "Thermochemical"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry - . - . - "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)."@en . - "TGA" . - "Thermogravimetry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography - . - . - "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram."@en . - "Tomography"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - . - . - "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device."@en . - "TEM" . - "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic - . - . - "Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion.\n\nUltrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors."@en . - "Ultrasonic"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - . - . - "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect."@en . - "VPO" . - "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Viscometry - . - . - "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities."@en . - "Viscosity" . - "Viscometry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Voltammetry - . - . - "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it."@en . - "Voltammetry"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest - . - . - "A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces.\nWear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface."@en . - "WearTest"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic - . - . - "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background."@en . - "Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)" . - "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)" . - "XpsVariableKinetic"@en . -# -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence - . - . - "XrdGrazingIncidence"@en . + "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en . + "" . + "SamplePreparation"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware + . + . + "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample."@en . + "" . + "SamplePreparationHardware"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter + . + . + "Parameter used for the sample preparation process"@en . + "SamplePreparationParameter"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplingProcess + . + . + "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated."@en . + "The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken."@en . + "" . + "SamplingProcess"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample."@en . + "AES" . + "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample."@en . + "SEM" . + "ScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe + . + . + "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact."@en . + "SKB" . + "ScanningKelvinProbe"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy + . + . + "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen."@en . + "ScanningProbeMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + . + . + "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams."@en . + "STM" . + "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction + . + . + "ScatteringAndDiffraction"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SecondaryData + . + . + "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data."@en . + "Deconvoluted curves"@en . + "Intensity maps"@en . + "" . + "Elaborated data"@en . + "SecondaryData"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + . + . + "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions."@en . + "SIMS" . + "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests + . + . + "ShearOrTorsionTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Signal + . + . + "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )."@en . + "Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity."@en . + "Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms."@en . + "" . + "Signal"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectrometry + . + . + "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample."@en . + "Spectrometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy + . + . + "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials."@en . + "Spectroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Synchrotron + . + . + "Synchrotron"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#TensileTest + . + . + "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials."@en . + "TensionTest" . + "TensileTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermochemical + . + . + "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature."@en . + "TMA" . + "Thermochemical"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermogravimetry + . + . + "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)."@en . + "TGA" . + "Thermogravimetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Tomography + . + . + "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram."@en . + "Tomography"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + . + . + "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device."@en . + "TEM" . + "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Ultrasonic + . + . + "Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion.\n\nUltrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors."@en . + "Ultrasonic"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + . + . + "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect."@en . + "VPO" . + "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Viscometry + . + . + "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities."@en . + "Viscosity" . + "Viscometry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Voltammetry + . + . + "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it."@en . + "Voltammetry"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#WearTest + . + . + "A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces.\nWear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface."@en . + "WearTest"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic + . + . + "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background."@en . + "Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)" . + "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)" . + "XpsVariableKinetic"@en . +# +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence + . + . + "XrdGrazingIncidence"@en . # # http://purl.org/spar/datacite/ResourceIdentifier . @@ -1421,37 +1421,37 @@ _:genid22 . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Agent1 + . + . # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 + . + . # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1 - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChMeasProc1 + . + . # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1 - . - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Determination1 + . + . + . # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1 - . - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InferredChMethod1 + . + . + . # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1 - . - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValid1 + . + . # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2 - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValid2 + . # -# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp - . +# https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValidProp + . # # # @@ -1473,23 +1473,23 @@ _:genid27 _:genid26 . _:genid26 _:genid25 . _:genid25 _:genid24 . _:genid24 . -_:genid24 . +_:genid24 . _:genid24 . -_:genid25 . +_:genid25 . _:genid25 . -_:genid26 . +_:genid26 . _:genid26 . -_:genid27 . +_:genid27 . _:genid27 . -_:genid28 . +_:genid28 . _:genid28 . -_:genid29 . +_:genid29 . _:genid29 . -_:genid30 . +_:genid30 . _:genid30 . -_:genid31 . +_:genid31 . _:genid31 . -_:genid32 . +_:genid32 . _:genid32 . # _:genid33 . @@ -1504,25 +1504,25 @@ _:genid37 _:genid36 . _:genid36 _:genid35 . _:genid35 _:genid34 . _:genid34 . -_:genid34 . +_:genid34 . _:genid34 . -_:genid35 . +_:genid35 . _:genid35 . -_:genid36 . +_:genid36 . _:genid36 . -_:genid37 . +_:genid37 . _:genid37 . -_:genid38 . +_:genid38 . _:genid38 . -_:genid39 . +_:genid39 . _:genid39 . -_:genid40 . +_:genid40 . _:genid40 . -_:genid41 . +_:genid41 . _:genid41 . -_:genid42 . +_:genid42 . _:genid42 . -_:genid43 . +_:genid43 . _:genid43 . # # Generated by the OWL API (version 5.1.18.2021-07-30T21:49:07Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi/ diff --git a/documentation/ontology.owl b/documentation/ontology.owl index 31309ea..ee9c54e 100644 --- a/documentation/ontology.owl +++ b/documentation/ontology.owl @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - - + xmlns:chameo="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#"> + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Pierluigi Del Nostro Characterisation Methodology Ontology - https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo + https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 2023-10-23T15:00:00Z @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology chameo - https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo + https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -193,132 +193,132 @@ - + - + characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure - + - + - - + + hasAccessConditions - + - + - + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - + - + - - + + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - + - + - - + + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - + - + - - + + hasCharacterisationProperty - + - + - + hasCharacterisationSoftware - + - + - - + + hasDataAcquisitionRate - + - + - - + + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - + - + - - + + hasDataQuality - + - + hasDataset @@ -326,309 +326,309 @@ - + - + - - + + hasHardwareSpecification - + - + - + hasHazard - + - + - - + + hasHolder - + - + - - + + hasInteractionVolume - + - + - - + + hasInteractionWithProbe - + - + - - + + hasInteractionWithSample - + - + - + hasLab - + - + - - + + hasLevelOfAutomation - + - + - + hasMeasurementDetector - + - + - - + + hasMeasurementParameter - + - + - + hasMeasurementProbe - + - + - - + + hasMeasurementSample - + - + - + hasMeasurementTime - + - + - + hasOperator - + - + - + hasPeerReviewedArticle - + - + - - + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - + - + - - + + hasPostProcessingModel - + - + - - + + hasProcessingReproducibility - + - + - - + + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - + - + hasSamplePreparationHardware - + - + - - + + hasSamplePreparationInput - + - + - - + + hasSamplePreparationOutput - + - + - - + + hasSamplePreparationParameter - + - + - - + + hasSampledSample - + - + - + requiresLevelOfExpertise @@ -647,12 +647,12 @@ - + - + - + hasDateOfCalibration @@ -680,10 +680,10 @@ - + - + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. @@ -695,44 +695,44 @@ - + - - + + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. AlphaSpectrometry - + - - + + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. Amperometry - + - - + + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - + - - + + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. @@ -743,22 +743,22 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased - + - - + + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. AtomicForceMicroscopy - + - - + + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. CalibrationData @@ -766,11 +766,11 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased - + - - + + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. CalibrationDataPostProcessing @@ -778,22 +778,22 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased - + - + - + 1 - + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions @@ -818,10 +818,10 @@ standards. - + - + @@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ standards. - + Single calibration Task that is part of a Calibration Process Workflow. @@ -839,21 +839,21 @@ standards. - + - - + + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. Calorimetry - + - + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process @@ -862,10 +862,10 @@ standards. - + - + Procedures to validate the characterisation data. CharacterisationDataValidation @@ -873,14 +873,14 @@ standards. - + - + - + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. @@ -891,20 +891,20 @@ standards. - + - + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - + - + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. CharacterisationExperiment @@ -912,10 +912,10 @@ standards. - + - + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. @@ -924,33 +924,33 @@ standards. - + - + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - + - + - + - + - + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary @@ -966,39 +966,39 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a - + - + - + - + - + - + - + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information @@ -1025,10 +1025,10 @@ system specifications. - + - + @@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ system specifications. - + Single calibration Task that is part of a Characterisation Measurement Process Workflow. @@ -1046,10 +1046,10 @@ system specifications. - + - + The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). @@ -1061,10 +1061,10 @@ system specifications. - + - + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. @@ -1073,12 +1073,12 @@ system specifications. - + - + - + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). CharacterisationProperty @@ -1086,10 +1086,10 @@ system specifications. - + - + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. CharacterisationProtocol @@ -1097,10 +1097,10 @@ system specifications. - + - + A software application to process characterisation data In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. @@ -1110,15 +1110,15 @@ system specifications. - + - + - + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and @@ -1139,74 +1139,74 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + ChargeDistribution - + - - + + Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. Chromatography - + - - + + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. CompressionTest - + - - + + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. ConfocalMicroscopy - + - - + + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. CreepTest - + - - + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - + - + Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. @@ -1215,10 +1215,10 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. DataAnalysis @@ -1226,11 +1226,11 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. DataFiltering @@ -1238,11 +1238,11 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. @@ -1251,10 +1251,10 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. @@ -1263,10 +1263,10 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. @@ -1275,10 +1275,10 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. DataProcessingThroughCalibration @@ -1286,10 +1286,10 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) @@ -1298,11 +1298,11 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing @@ -1312,32 +1312,32 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - + - - + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - + - - + + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. DSC DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -1345,11 +1345,11 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. DTA DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -1357,22 +1357,22 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. Dilatometry - + - - + + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). DLS DynamicLightScattering @@ -1380,22 +1380,22 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - + - - + + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. DMA DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -1403,23 +1403,23 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity Electrochemical - + - - - + + + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. EBSD ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -1427,22 +1427,22 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + - - + + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - + - - + + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the @@ -1454,22 +1454,22 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi - + - - + + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - + - - + + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. Exafs @@ -1477,22 +1477,22 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a - + - - + + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. FatigueTesting - + - - + + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis FibDic @@ -1500,11 +1500,11 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a - + - - + + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. FE-SEM FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -1512,33 +1512,33 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a - + - - + + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. Fractography - + - - + + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - + - - + + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. @@ -1549,21 +1549,21 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - - + + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. HardnessTesting - + - + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. @@ -1572,11 +1572,11 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - - + + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. Holder @@ -1584,10 +1584,10 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. @@ -1600,32 +1600,32 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - - + + IntermediateSample - + - - + + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. IonChromatography - + - - + + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. IMS IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -1633,11 +1633,11 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity - + - - + + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. @@ -1647,10 +1647,10 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. Laboratory @@ -1658,10 +1658,10 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - + Describes the level of automation of the test. @@ -1670,10 +1670,10 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). @@ -1682,33 +1682,33 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - - + + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. LightScattering - + - - + + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. MassSpectrometry - + - - + + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.) In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. @@ -1718,10 +1718,10 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal @@ -1730,10 +1730,10 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - + - + Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form @@ -1753,10 +1753,10 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data @@ -1765,11 +1765,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. @@ -1778,33 +1778,33 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. MembraneOsmometry - + - - + + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. Microscopy - + - - + + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter someone can usually perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which might also some times refer as nanoindentation, because they are measurements, which are conducted using an nanoindenter. Nanoindentation @@ -1812,11 +1812,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. NSE NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -1824,22 +1824,22 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. Nexafs - + - - + + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) NMR @@ -1848,10 +1848,10 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. @@ -1860,53 +1860,53 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Optical - + - - + + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light OpticalMicroscopy - + - - + + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). Osmometry - + - - + + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - + - + @@ -1923,10 +1923,10 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. @@ -1936,34 +1936,34 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. Potentiometry - + - - - + + + The sample after a preparation process. PreparedSample - + - - + + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. Baseline subtraction Noise reduction @@ -1974,11 +1974,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. @@ -1991,15 +1991,15 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - + - + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal @@ -2009,10 +2009,10 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) ProcessingReproducibility @@ -2020,33 +2020,33 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in - + - - + + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. Profilometry - + - - + + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. PulsedElectroacousticMethod - + - - + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. @@ -2057,12 +2057,12 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation - + - + - + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. @@ -2074,21 +2074,21 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation - + - - + + RawSample - + - - + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property value. @@ -2118,10 +2118,10 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. @@ -2132,10 +2132,10 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. @@ -2144,27 +2144,27 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - + - + - + - + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. @@ -2174,10 +2174,10 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - + Hardware used for the preparation of the sample. @@ -2186,10 +2186,10 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - + Parameter used for the sample preparation process SamplePreparationParameter @@ -2197,10 +2197,10 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. @@ -2210,11 +2210,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. AES ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -2222,11 +2222,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. SEM ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -2234,11 +2234,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. SKB ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -2246,22 +2246,22 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. ScanningProbeMicroscopy - + - - + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. STM ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -2269,21 +2269,21 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + ScatteringAndDiffraction - + - - + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. Deconvoluted curves Intensity maps @@ -2294,11 +2294,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. SIMS SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -2306,21 +2306,21 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + ShearOrTorsionTest - + - - + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. @@ -2330,43 +2330,43 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. Spectrometry - + - - + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. Spectroscopy - + - - + + Synchrotron - + - - + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. TensionTest TensileTest @@ -2374,11 +2374,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. TMA Thermochemical @@ -2386,11 +2386,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). TGA Thermogravimetry @@ -2398,22 +2398,22 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. Tomography - + - - + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. TEM TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -2421,11 +2421,11 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure - + - - + + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. @@ -2434,11 +2434,11 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou - + - - + + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. VPO VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -2446,11 +2446,11 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou - + - - + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. Viscosity Viscometry @@ -2458,22 +2458,22 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou - + - - + + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. Voltammetry - + - - + + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. WearTest @@ -2481,11 +2481,11 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface - + - - + + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) @@ -2494,11 +2494,11 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface - + - - + + XrdGrazingIncidence @@ -2525,73 +2525,73 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface - + - - + + - + - - + + - + - - + + - + - + - + - + - - - + + + - + - - + + - + - + - + - + @@ -2607,30 +2607,30 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/documentation/ontology.ttl b/documentation/ontology.ttl index c86680f..392b228 100644 --- a/documentation/ontology.ttl +++ b/documentation/ontology.ttl @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -@prefix : . +@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . -@base . +@base . - rdf:type owl:Ontology ; + rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:imports , , @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ "Pierluigi Del Nostro" ; "Characterisation Methodology Ontology"@en ; ; - "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" ; + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo" ; "" ; "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ; "2023-10-23T15:00:00Z" ; @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ "CHAracterisation MEthodology Ontology"@en ; "" ; "chameo"@en ; - "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo" ; + "https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo" ; rdfs:comment """Contacts: Gerhard Goldbeck Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK) @@ -120,13 +120,13 @@ # Object Properties ################################################################# -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure :characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; "characterisationProcedureHasSubProcedure"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasAccessConditions +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasAccessConditions :hasAccessConditions rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMethod ; @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ "hasAccessConditions"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironment :hasCharacterisationEnvironment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :CharacterisationEnvironment ; @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ "hasCharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty :hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationEnvironment ; @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ "hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation :hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMethod ; @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ "hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationProperty :hasCharacterisationProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :Sample ; @@ -168,14 +168,14 @@ "hasCharacterisationProperty"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasCharacterisationSoftware :hasCharacterisationSoftware rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :CharacterisationSoftware ; "hasCharacterisationSoftware"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataAcquisitionRate :hasDataAcquisitionRate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :RawData ; @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ "hasDataAcquisitionRate"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration :hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ "hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataQuality +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataQuality :hasDataQuality rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :MeasurementDataPostProcessing ; @@ -202,14 +202,14 @@ "hasDataQuality"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasDataset +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasDataset :hasDataset rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:range ; "hasDataset"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHardwareSpecification :hasHardwareSpecification rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationHardware ; @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ "hasHardwareSpecification"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHazard +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHazard :hasHazard rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Hazard ; @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ "hasHazard"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasHolder +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasHolder :hasHolder rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ "hasHolder"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionVolume +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionVolume :hasInteractionVolume rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :ProbeSampleInteraction ; @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "hasInteractionVolume"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionWithProbe :hasInteractionWithProbe rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :ProbeSampleInteraction ; @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "hasInteractionWithProbe"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasInteractionWithSample :hasInteractionWithSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :ProbeSampleInteraction ; @@ -261,14 +261,14 @@ "hasInteractionWithSample"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLab +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasLab :hasLab rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Laboratory ; "hasLab"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasLevelOfAutomation :hasLevelOfAutomation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMethod ; @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ "hasLevelOfAutomation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementDetector :hasMeasurementDetector rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Detector ; @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "hasMeasurementDetector"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementParameter :hasMeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; @@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ "hasMeasurementParameter"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementProbe :hasMeasurementProbe rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Probe ; @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ "hasMeasurementProbe"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementSample :hasMeasurementSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess ; @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ "hasMeasurementSample"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasMeasurementTime +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasMeasurementTime :hasMeasurementTime rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ "hasMeasurementTime"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasOperator +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasOperator :hasOperator rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :Operator ; @@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ "hasOperator"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPeerReviewedArticle :hasPeerReviewedArticle rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationProcedureValidation ; @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ "hasPeerReviewedArticle"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPhysicsOfInteraction :hasPhysicsOfInteraction rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :ProbeSampleInteraction ; @@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ "hasPhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasPostProcessingModel :hasPostProcessingModel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :MeasurementDataPostProcessing ; @@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ "hasPostProcessingModel"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasProcessingReproducibility :hasProcessingReproducibility rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :MeasurementDataPostProcessing ; @@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ "hasProcessingReproducibility"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation :hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; @@ -370,13 +370,13 @@ "hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationHardware :hasSamplePreparationHardware rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; "hasSamplePreparationHardware"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationInput :hasSamplePreparationInput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; @@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ "hasSamplePreparationInput"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationOutput :hasSamplePreparationOutput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; @@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ "hasSamplePreparationOutput"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSamplePreparationParameter :hasSamplePreparationParameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplePreparation ; @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ "hasSamplePreparationParameter"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasSampledSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasSampledSample :hasSampledSample rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :SamplingProcess ; @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ "hasSampledSample"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise :requiresLevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :LevelOfExpertise ; @@ -422,8 +422,8 @@ # Data properties ################################################################# -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration - rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/hasDateOfCalibration + rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty ; rdfs:domain :CharacterisationInstrument ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; @@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ rdfs:subClassOf . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AccessConditions +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AccessConditions :AccessConditions rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment"@en ; @@ -449,28 +449,28 @@ "AccessConditions"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AlphaSpectrometry :AlphaSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; "Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from."@en ; "AlphaSpectrometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Amperometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Amperometry :Amperometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electrochemical ; "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en ; "Amperometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy :AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis."@en ; "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomProbeTomography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AtomProbeTomography :AtomProbeTomography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tomography ; """Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. @@ -481,14 +481,14 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased "AtomProbeTomography"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#AtomicForceMicroscopy :AtomicForceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en ; "AtomicForceMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationData :CalibrationData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en ; @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased "CalibrationData"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationDataPostProcessing :CalibrationDataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPostProcessing ; "Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement."@en ; @@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased "CalibrationDataPostProcessing"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess :CalibrationProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ standards. "CalibrationProcess"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationTask +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationTask :CalibrationTask rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -548,14 +548,14 @@ standards. "CalibrationTask" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Calorimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Calorimetry :Calorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; "In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter."@en ; "Calorimetry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationData :CharacterisationData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en ; @@ -563,14 +563,14 @@ standards. "CharacterisationData" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationDataValidation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Procedures to validate the characterisation data."@en ; "CharacterisationDataValidation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironment :CharacterisationEnvironment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; @@ -582,20 +582,20 @@ standards. "CharacterisationEnvironment"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty :CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationExperiment :CharacterisationExperiment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained."@en ; "CharacterisationExperiment"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardware :CharacterisationHardware rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process."@en ; @@ -603,13 +603,13 @@ standards. "CharacterisationHardware"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationHardwareSpecification :CharacterisationHardwareSpecification rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "CharacterisationHardwareSpecification"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationInstrument :CharacterisationInstrument rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , @@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a "CharacterisationInstrument" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ system specifications. "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMeasurementTask :CharacterisationMeasurementTask rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ system specifications. "CharacterisationMeasurementTask"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationMethod +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationMethod :CharacterisationMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; @@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ system specifications. "CharacterisationMethod"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProcedureValidation :CharacterisationProcedureValidation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample."@en ; @@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ system specifications. "CharacterisationProcedureValidation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProperty +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProperty :CharacterisationProperty rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , :SecondaryData ; @@ -718,14 +718,14 @@ system specifications. "CharacterisationProperty"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationProtocol :CharacterisationProtocol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories."@en ; "CharacterisationProtocol"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationSoftware :CharacterisationSoftware rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "A software application to process characterisation data"@en ; @@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ system specifications. "CharacterisationSoftware" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CharacterisationSystem +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CharacterisationSystem :CharacterisationSystem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -757,47 +757,47 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "CharacterisationSystem"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChargeDistribution +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChargeDistribution :ChargeDistribution rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "ChargeDistribution"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Chromatography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Chromatography :Chromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components."@en ; "Chromatography"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CompressionTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CompressionTest :CompressionTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads."@en ; "CompressionTest"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ConfocalMicroscopy :ConfocalMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation."@en ; "ConfocalMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CreepTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CreepTest :CreepTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress."@en ; "CreepTest"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography :CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chromatography ; "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAcquisitionRate :DataAcquisitionRate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable."@en ; @@ -805,14 +805,14 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DataAcquisitionRate"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataAnalysis :DataAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en ; "DataAnalysis"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataFiltering +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataFiltering :DataFiltering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPreparation ; "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria." ; @@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DataFiltering"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataNormalisation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataNormalisation :DataNormalisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPreparation ; "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en ; @@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DataNormalisation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPostProcessing +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPostProcessing :DataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data." ; @@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DataPostProcessing"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataPreparation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataPreparation :DataPreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis." ; @@ -845,14 +845,14 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DataPreparation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataProcessingThroughCalibration :DataProcessingThroughCalibration rdf:type owl:Class ; "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DataQuality +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DataQuality :DataQuality rdf:type owl:Class ; "Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material."@en ; "Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis)"@en ; @@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DataQuality"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Detector +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Detector :Detector rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationHardware ; "Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample."@en ; @@ -870,20 +870,20 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "Detector"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy :DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; "Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS."@en ; "DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialRefractiveIndex :DifferentialRefractiveIndex rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; "DifferentialRefractiveIndex"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialScanningCalorimetry :DifferentialScanningCalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; "Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively."@en ; @@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DifferentialScanningCalorimetry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DifferentialThermalAnalysis :DifferentialThermalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample."@en ; @@ -899,14 +899,14 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DifferentialThermalAnalysis"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Dilatometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Dilatometry :Dilatometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions."@en ; "Dilatometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicLightScattering +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicLightScattering :DynamicLightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en ; @@ -914,14 +914,14 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DynamicLightScattering"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en ; "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy :DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en ; @@ -929,14 +929,14 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Electrochemical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Electrochemical :Electrochemical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en ; "Electrochemical"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectronBackscatterDiffraction :ElectronBackscatterDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScanningElectronMicroscopy , :ScatteringAndDiffraction ; @@ -945,14 +945,14 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis :ElectronProbeMicroanalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en ; "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ellipsometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Ellipsometry :Ellipsometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; """Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric @@ -964,14 +964,14 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi "Ellipsometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy :EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en ; "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Exafs +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Exafs :Exafs rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; """Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. @@ -979,14 +979,14 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a "Exafs"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FatigueTesting +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FatigueTesting :FatigueTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en ; "FatigueTesting"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FibDic +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FibDic :FibDic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en ; @@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a "FibDic" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy :FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en ; @@ -1002,21 +1002,21 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Fractography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Fractography :Fractography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en ; "Fractography"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry :FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en ; "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#GammaSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#GammaSpectrometry :GammaSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; """Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] @@ -1027,14 +1027,14 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity "GammaSpectrometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#HardnessTesting +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#HardnessTesting :HardnessTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en ; "HardnessTesting"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Hazard +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Hazard :Hazard rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en ; @@ -1042,7 +1042,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity "Hazard"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Holder +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Holder :Holder rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationHardware ; "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en ; @@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity "Holder"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InteractionVolume +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InteractionVolume :InteractionVolume rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en ; @@ -1062,20 +1062,20 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity "InteractionVolume"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IntermediateSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IntermediateSample :IntermediateSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; "IntermediateSample"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonChromatography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IonChromatography :IonChromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chromatography ; "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en ; "IonChromatography"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry :IonMobilitySpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en ; @@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry :IsothermalMicrocalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; """Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). @@ -1093,14 +1093,14 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Laboratory +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Laboratory :Laboratory rdf:type owl:Class ; "The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place." ; rdfs:comment "" ; "Laboratory" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfAutomation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfAutomation :LevelOfAutomation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en ; @@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti "LevelOfAutomation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LevelOfExpertise +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LevelOfExpertise :LevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en ; @@ -1116,21 +1116,21 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti "LevelOfExpertise"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#LightScattering +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#LightScattering :LightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optical ; "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en ; "LightScattering"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MassSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MassSpectrometry :MassSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en ; "MassSpectrometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementDataPostProcessing :MeasurementDataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPostProcessing ; "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en ; @@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementParameter :MeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en ; @@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti "MeasurementParameter"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment :MeasurementSystemAdjustment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; """Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured @@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MeasurementTime +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MeasurementTime :MeasurementTime rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en ; @@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "MeasurementTime"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Mechanical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Mechanical :Mechanical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; """Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: @@ -1184,21 +1184,21 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "Mechanical"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#MembraneOsmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#MembraneOsmometry :MembraneOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en ; "MembraneOsmometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Microscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Microscopy :Microscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en ; "Microscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nanoindentation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Nanoindentation :Nanoindentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en ; @@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "Nanoindentation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy :NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en ; @@ -1214,14 +1214,14 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Nexafs +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Nexafs :Nexafs rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en ; "Nexafs"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance :NuclearMagneticResonance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en ; @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Operator +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Operator :Operator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en ; @@ -1238,34 +1238,34 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "Operator"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Optical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Optical :Optical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Optical"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy :OpticalMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en ; "OpticalMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Osmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Osmometry :Osmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en ; "Osmometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy :PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en ; "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PhysicsOfInteraction :PhysicsOfInteraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( @@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PostProcessingModel +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PostProcessingModel :PostProcessingModel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Mathematical model used to process data."@en ; @@ -1287,14 +1287,14 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "PostProcessingModel"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Potentiometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Potentiometry :Potentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electrochemical ; "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en ; "Potentiometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PreparedSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PreparedSample :PreparedSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; owl:disjointWith :ReferenceSample ; @@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "PreparedSample" . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PrimaryData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PrimaryData :PrimaryData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; @@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "PrimaryData"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Probe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Probe :Probe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationHardware ; "Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties."@en ; @@ -1326,7 +1326,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "Probe"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProbeSampleInteraction :ProbeSampleInteraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -1338,28 +1338,28 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ProcessingReproducibility :ProcessingReproducibility rdf:type owl:Class ; "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en ; rdfs:comment "" ; "ProcessingReproducibility"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Profilometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Profilometry :Profilometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness."@en ; "Profilometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#PulsedElectroacousticMethod :PulsedElectroacousticMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChargeDistribution ; "The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics."@en ; "PulsedElectroacousticMethod"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RamanSpectroscopy :RamanSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; """Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. @@ -1370,7 +1370,7 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation "RamanSpectroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RawData :RawData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , :CharacterisationData ; @@ -1383,13 +1383,13 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation "RawData"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#RawSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#RawSample :RawSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; "RawSample"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ReferenceSample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ReferenceSample :ReferenceSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; """Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination @@ -1419,7 +1419,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "ReferenceSample"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Sample +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Sample :Sample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen."@en ; @@ -1429,7 +1429,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "Sample"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SampleInspection +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SampleInspection :SampleInspection rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method."@en ; @@ -1437,7 +1437,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "SampleInspection"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparation +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparation :SamplePreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; @@ -1457,7 +1457,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "SamplePreparation"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationHardware :SamplePreparationHardware rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Hardware used for the preparation of the sample."@en ; @@ -1465,14 +1465,14 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "SamplePreparationHardware"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplePreparationParameter :SamplePreparationParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Parameter used for the sample preparation process"@en ; "SamplePreparationParameter"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SamplingProcess +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SamplingProcess :SamplingProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated."@en ; @@ -1481,7 +1481,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "SamplingProcess"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy :ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample."@en ; @@ -1489,7 +1489,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningElectronMicroscopy :ScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample."@en ; @@ -1497,7 +1497,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "ScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningKelvinProbe :ScanningKelvinProbe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact."@en ; @@ -1505,14 +1505,14 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "ScanningKelvinProbe"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningProbeMicroscopy :ScanningProbeMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen."@en ; "ScanningProbeMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy :ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams."@en ; @@ -1520,13 +1520,13 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ScatteringAndDiffraction :ScatteringAndDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "ScatteringAndDiffraction"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryData +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SecondaryData :SecondaryData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; "Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data."@en ; @@ -1537,7 +1537,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "SecondaryData"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry :SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; "Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions."@en ; @@ -1545,13 +1545,13 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ShearOrTorsionTests :ShearOrTorsionTests rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "ShearOrTorsionTest"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Signal +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Signal :Signal rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; "According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 )."@en ; @@ -1561,27 +1561,27 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "Signal"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectrometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectrometry :Spectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample."@en ; "Spectrometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Spectroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Spectroscopy :Spectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials."@en ; "Spectroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Synchrotron +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Synchrotron :Synchrotron rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScatteringAndDiffraction ; "Synchrotron"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TensileTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#TensileTest :TensileTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; "Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials."@en ; @@ -1589,7 +1589,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "TensileTest"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermochemical +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermochemical :Thermochemical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature."@en ; @@ -1597,7 +1597,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "Thermochemical"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Thermogravimetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Thermogravimetry :Thermogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thermochemical ; "Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)."@en ; @@ -1605,14 +1605,14 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "Thermogravimetry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Tomography +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Tomography :Tomography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, \"slice, section\" and γράφω graphō, \"to write\" or, in this context as well, \"to describe.\" A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram."@en ; "Tomography"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#TransmissionElectronMicroscopy :TransmissionElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; "Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device."@en ; @@ -1620,7 +1620,7 @@ materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measure "TransmissionElectronMicroscopy"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Ultrasonic +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Ultrasonic :Ultrasonic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; """Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. @@ -1629,7 +1629,7 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou "Ultrasonic"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry :VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; "Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect."@en ; @@ -1637,7 +1637,7 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou "VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Viscometry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Viscometry :Viscometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationMethod ; "Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities."@en ; @@ -1645,14 +1645,14 @@ Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, thou "Viscometry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Voltammetry +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Voltammetry :Voltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electrochemical ; "Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it."@en ; "Voltammetry"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#WearTest +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#WearTest :WearTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanical ; """A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. @@ -1660,7 +1660,7 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface "WearTest"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#XpsVariableKinetic :XpsVariableKinetic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background."@en ; @@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface "XpsVariableKinetic"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#XrdGrazingIncidence :XrdGrazingIncidence rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScatteringAndDiffraction ; "XrdGrazingIncidence"@en . @@ -1684,43 +1684,43 @@ Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface # Individuals ################################################################# -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Agent1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Agent1 :Agent1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :Operator . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#CalibrationProcess1 :CalibrationProcess1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :CalibrationProcess . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#ChMeasProc1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#ChMeasProc1 :ChMeasProc1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#Determination1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#Determination1 :Determination1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , ; :InferredChMethod1 . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#InferredChMethod1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#InferredChMethod1 :InferredChMethod1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; :ChMeasProc1 ; :hasOperator :Agent1 . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid1 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValid1 :hasChValid1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; :hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation :hasChValid2 . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValid2 +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValid2 :hasChValid2 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo/chameo#hasChValidProp +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/chameo#hasChValidProp :hasChValidProp rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual .