basic_linux_commnads.md

Basic Linux Commands

File and Directory Operations

1. List files and directories:

   ls

   Options:

   • ls -l: List with details (permissions, size, etc.).
   • ls -a: Show hidden files.
   • ls -lh: List with human-readable file sizes.

2. Change directory:

   cd [directory]

   Examples:

   • cd /home/user: Go to a specific directory.
   • cd ..: Move up one directory.
   • cd ~: Go to the home directory.

3. Create a directory:

   mkdir [directory_name]

4. Remove a file or directory:

   rm [file_name]
   rm -r [directory_name]

   • rm -r: Removes directories and their contents recursively.
   • Caution: Use with care; this action is permanent.

5. Copy files or directories:

   cp [source] [destination]

   • Add -r for directories: cp -r source_dir dest_dir.

6. Move or rename files:

   mv [source] [destination]

IDE

1. open in VS Code current directory:

   code .

2. open in VS codium current directory:

   codium .

File Content Operations

1. View file content:

   cat [file_name]

   • cat file.txt: Display the entire content.

2. Search within a file:

   grep [search_term] [file_name]

   • Example: grep "error" logs.txt

3. Display first/last lines of a file:

   head [file_name]
   tail [file_name]

4. Edit a file:
   Use editors like nano, vim, or gedit:

   nano [file_name]

System Information

1. Display current directory:

   pwd

2. Check disk usage:

   df -h
   du -sh [file_or_directory]

Permissions and Ownership

1. Change file permissions:

   chmod [permissions] [file_name]

   Example: chmod 755 script.sh

2. Change file ownership:

   chown [owner]:[group] [file_name]

Package Management

1. Install a package (Ubuntu/Debian):

   sudo apt install [package_name]

2. Update package lists:

   sudo apt update

3. Upgrade installed packages:

   sudo apt upgrade

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This list covers fundamental commands for beginners. Explore their manual pages (man [command]) for more options.