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See this [case study](https://www.opencasestudies.org/ocs-bp-vaping-case-study/#Logistic_regression_%E2%80%9Cby_hand%E2%80%9D_and_by_model) for more information.
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## Odds ratios
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> An odds ratio (OR) is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure.
See this [case study](https://www.opencasestudies.org/ocs-bp-vaping-case-study/#Logistic_regression_%E2%80%9Cby_hand%E2%80%9D_and_by_model) for more information.
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## Odds ratios {.smaller}
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Use `oddsratio(x, y)` from the `epitools()` package to calculate odds ratios.
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In this case, we're calculating the odds ratio for whether living in a high traffic area predicts high levels of DieselPM.
<p>See this <a href='https://www.opencasestudies.org/ocs-bp-vaping-case-study/#Logistic_regression_%E2%80%9Cby_hand%E2%80%9D_and_by_model' title=''>case study</a> for more information.</p>
<p>Use <code>oddsratio(x, y)</code> from the <code>epitools()</code> package to calculate odds ratios.</p>
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<p>In this case, we’re calculating the odds ratio for whether living in a high traffic area predicts high levels of DieselPM.</p>
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<pre class = 'prettyprint lang-r'>oddsratio(predictor, response)</pre>
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<pre >$data
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Outcome
@@ -4167,8 +4178,6 @@ <h1 data-config-title><!-- populated from slide_config.json --></h1>
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attr(,"method")
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[1] "median-unbiased estimate & mid-p exact CI"</pre>
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<p>See this <a href='https://www.opencasestudies.org/ocs-bp-vaping-case-study/#Logistic_regression_%E2%80%9Cby_hand%E2%80%9D_and_by_model' title=''>case study</a> for more information.</p>
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