diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index e69b38ef..8bd5a6bf 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
         "unordered_map": "cpp",
         "variant": "cpp",
         "algorithm": "cpp",
-        "tiffio.h": "c"
+        "tiffio.h": "c",
+        "utility": "cpp"
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/PDFWriter/PDFObjectParser.cpp b/PDFWriter/PDFObjectParser.cpp
index 76812418..d6405f86 100644
--- a/PDFWriter/PDFObjectParser.cpp
+++ b/PDFWriter/PDFObjectParser.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
 
 using namespace PDFHummus;
 
+#define MAX_OBJECT_DEPTH 100 // While PDF does not explicitly define arrays and dicts depth...we do, due to call stack depth limit...and to avoid potential malarky.
+
 
 PDFObjectParser::PDFObjectParser(void)
 {
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ PDFObjectParser::PDFObjectParser(void)
 	mDecryptionHelper = NULL;
 	mOwnsStream = false;
 	mStream = NULL;
+	mDepth = 0;
 }
 
 PDFObjectParser::~PDFObjectParser(void)
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ void PDFObjectParser::ResetReadState()
 {
 	mTokenBuffer.clear();
 	mTokenizer.ResetReadState();
+	mDepth = 0;
 }
 
 void PDFObjectParser::ResetReadState(const PDFParserTokenizer& inExternalTokenizer)
@@ -584,14 +588,40 @@ bool PDFObjectParser::IsArray(const std::string& inToken)
 	return scLeftSquare == inToken;
 }
 
+EStatusCode PDFObjectParser::IncreaseAndCheckDepth() {
+	++mDepth;
+	if(mDepth > MAX_OBJECT_DEPTH) {
+		TRACE_LOG1("PDFObjectParser::IncreaseAndCeckDepth, reached maximum allowed depth of %d", MAX_OBJECT_DEPTH);
+		return eFailure;
+	}
+
+	return eSuccess;
+}
+
+EStatusCode PDFObjectParser::DecreaseAndCheckDepth() {
+	--mDepth;
+	if(mDepth < 0) {
+		TRACE_LOG("PDFObjectParser::DecreaseAndCheckDepth, anomaly. managed to get to negative depth");
+		return eFailure;
+	}
+
+	return eSuccess;
+}
+
+
 static const std::string scRightSquare = "]";
 PDFObject* PDFObjectParser::ParseArray()
 {
-	PDFArray* anArray = new PDFArray();
+	PDFArray* anArray;
 	bool arrayEndEncountered = false;
 	std::string token;
 	EStatusCode status = PDFHummus::eSuccess;
 
+	if(IncreaseAndCheckDepth() != eSuccess)
+		return NULL;
+
+	anArray = new PDFArray();
+
 	// easy one. just loop till you get to a closing bracket token and recurse
 	while(GetNextToken(token) && PDFHummus::eSuccess == status)
 	{
@@ -612,6 +642,9 @@ PDFObject* PDFObjectParser::ParseArray()
 		}
 	}
 
+	if(DecreaseAndCheckDepth() != eSuccess)
+		status = eFailure;
+
 	if(arrayEndEncountered && PDFHummus::eSuccess == status)
 	{
 		return anArray;
@@ -643,11 +676,16 @@ bool PDFObjectParser::IsDictionary(const std::string& inToken)
 static const std::string scDoubleRightAngle = ">>";
 PDFObject* PDFObjectParser::ParseDictionary()
 {
-	PDFDictionary* aDictionary = new PDFDictionary();
+	PDFDictionary* aDictionary;
 	bool dictionaryEndEncountered = false;
 	std::string token;
 	EStatusCode status = PDFHummus::eSuccess;
 
+	if(IncreaseAndCheckDepth() != eSuccess)
+		return NULL;
+
+	aDictionary = new PDFDictionary();
+
 	while(GetNextToken(token) && PDFHummus::eSuccess == status)
 	{
 		dictionaryEndEncountered = (scDoubleRightAngle == token);
@@ -681,6 +719,9 @@ PDFObject* PDFObjectParser::ParseDictionary()
 			aDictionary->Insert(aKey.GetPtr(),aValue.GetPtr());
 	}
 
+	if(DecreaseAndCheckDepth() != eSuccess)
+		status = eFailure;
+		
 	if(dictionaryEndEncountered && PDFHummus::eSuccess == status)
 	{
 		return aDictionary;
diff --git a/PDFWriter/PDFObjectParser.h b/PDFWriter/PDFObjectParser.h
index ff07e495..6d2c1ddf 100644
--- a/PDFWriter/PDFObjectParser.h
+++ b/PDFWriter/PDFObjectParser.h
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ class PDFObjectParser
 	IPDFParserExtender* mParserExtender;
 	DecryptionHelper* mDecryptionHelper;
 	bool mOwnsStream;
+	int mDepth;
 
 	bool GetNextToken(std::string& outToken);
 	void SaveTokenToBuffer(std::string& inToken);
@@ -112,5 +113,7 @@ class PDFObjectParser
 
 	std::string MaybeDecryptString(const std::string& inString);
 
+	PDFHummus::EStatusCode IncreaseAndCheckDepth();
+	PDFHummus::EStatusCode DecreaseAndCheckDepth();
 
 };
diff --git a/PDFWriterTesting/Materials/fuzzing/errors/parseLastXrefPositionError_278.pdf b/PDFWriterTesting/Materials/fuzzing/errors/parseLastXrefPositionError_278.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5478f48a
Binary files /dev/null and b/PDFWriterTesting/Materials/fuzzing/errors/parseLastXrefPositionError_278.pdf differ
diff --git a/PDFWriterTesting/Materials/fuzzing/errors/parseLastXrefPositionError_279.pdf b/PDFWriterTesting/Materials/fuzzing/errors/parseLastXrefPositionError_279.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4089cec6
Binary files /dev/null and b/PDFWriterTesting/Materials/fuzzing/errors/parseLastXrefPositionError_279.pdf differ