Clase17_Tuplas_2019.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "<img src=\"images/di.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200px\" align=\"left\"/>\n",
    "<img src=\"images/utfsm.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150px\" align=\"right\"/>\n",
    "\n",
    "<br/>\n",
    "<div align=\"center\">\n",
    "<h1>IWI131 Programación</h1><br/>\n",
    "<h2>Estructuras de Datos: Tuplas</h2>\n",
    "<br/><br/>\n",
    "Departamento de Informática<br/>\n",
    "Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María\n",
    "</div>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
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   },
   "source": [
    "# Tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- Una tupla es una secuencia de valores agrupados.\n",
    "- Pueden contener básicamente cualquier cosa.\n",
    "- Una tupla sirve para agrupar, como si fueran un único valor, varios valores que por su naturaleza deben ir juntos.\n",
    "- Una tupla es inmutable, es decir, no puede ser modificada una vez que ha sido creada."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Creación de Tuplas\n",
    "- Usando paréntesis ()\n",
    "- Usando la función `tuple()`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Tupla Vacía\n",
    "\n",
    "Aunque no tiene mucha utilidad. ¿Por qué?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
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   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "()\n",
      "()\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = ()\n",
    "b = tuple()\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "print(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Tupla con elementos"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 2, 3, 4)\n",
      "('a', 1, True, [1, 2])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = (1,2,3,4)\n",
    "b = tuple(['a', 1, True, [1, 2]])\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "print(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 2, 3, 4)\n",
      "(1, 2, 3, 4)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c = tuple([1, 2, 3, 4])\n",
    "d = tuple((1, 2, 3, 4))\n",
    "print(c)\n",
    "print(d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "La función `tuple(iterable)` convierte a tupla el tipo de dato dado por la variable `iterable`. Cada elemento de `iterable` es agregado a una tupla."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('a', 'b', 'c')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tup = tuple(\"abc\")\n",
    "print(tup)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Desempaquetado de Tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Los valores individuales de una tupla pueden ser recuperados asignando la tupla a las variables respectivas. Esto se llama desempaquetar la tupla."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 2, 3)\n",
      "1 2 3\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tupla = (1, 2, 3)\n",
    "a, b, c = tupla\n",
    "print(tupla)\n",
    "print(a, b, c)\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "print(c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Para desempaquetar correctamente debe utilizar tantas variables como elementos posee la tupla."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "too many values to unpack (expected 2)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-20-ae12a64c6800>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtupla\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtupla\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: too many values to unpack (expected 2)"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tupla = (1, 2, 3)\n",
    "a, b = tupla"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Además, también es posible extraer los valores usando su índice, al igual que con las listas:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "(1, 2, 3)\n",
      "(3,)\n",
      "(2, 3)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tupla = (1, 2, 3)\n",
    "print(tupla[1])\n",
    "print(tupla[2])\n",
    "print(tupla[:])\n",
    "print(tupla[2:])\n",
    "print(tupla[1:])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "A diferencia de las listas, los elementos de una tupla no se pueden modificar:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-39-0a2b3c1271c3>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtupla\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mtupla\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m100\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m#tupla = tuple([100])+tupla[1:]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m#print(tupla)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tupla = (1, 2, 3)\n",
    "tupla[0] = 100\n",
    "\n",
    "#tupla = tuple([100])+tupla[1:]\n",
    "#print(tupla)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Usos recomendados"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Las tuplas se usan siempre que es necesario agrupar valores. Generalmente, conceptos del mundo real son representados como tuplas que agrupan información sobre ellos. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "posicion_alfil = (7, 6)\n",
    "alumno = ('Fulano', 'De Tal', '201199001-1') \n",
    "carta = (5, 'corazones')\n",
    "fecha = (2011, 4, 12)\n",
    "triangulo = ((5, 1), (2, 4), (-2, 0))\n",
    "personaje = ('Arturo Prat', (1848, 4, 3),\n",
    "             (1879, 5, 21))\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "6.6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "punto = (6.6, -2.4, 3.7)\n",
    "x, y, z = punto\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "64\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "personaje = (\"Bernardo O'Higgins\", (1778, 8, 20), (1842, 10, 24))\n",
    "nombre, nacimiento, defuncion = personaje\n",
    "an, mn, dn = nacimiento\n",
    "ad, md, dd = defuncion\n",
    "print(ad - an)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Comparación de Tuplas\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Dos tuplas son iguales cuando tienen el mismo tamaño y cada uno de sus elementos correspondientes tienen el mismo valor:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1, 2) == (3 // 2, 1 + 1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(6, 1) == (6, 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(6, 1) == (6, 1, 0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Para determinar si una tupla es menor que otra, se utiliza lo que se denomina orden **lexicográfico**. Si los elementos en la primera posición de ambas tuplas son distintos, ellos determinan el ordenamiento de las tuplas:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1, 4, 7) < (2, 0, 0, 1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1, 9, 10) < (0, 5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "La primera comparación es True porque `1 < 2`. La segunda comparación es False porque `1 > 0`. No importa el valor que tengan los siguientes valores, o si una tupla tiene más elementos que la otra."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Si los elementos en la primera posición son iguales, entonces se usa el valor siguiente para hacer la comparación:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(6, 1, 8) < (6, 2, 8)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(6, 1, 8) <(6, 0)\n",
    "#(6, 1, 8) <=(6, 0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "La primera comparación es True porque `6 == 6` y `1 < 2`. La segunda comparación es False porque `6 == 6` y `1 > 0`\n",
    "."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Si los elementos respectivos siguen siendo iguales, entonces se sigue probando con los siguientes uno por uno, hasta encontrar dos distintos. Si a una tupla se le acaban los elementos para comparar antes que a la otra, entonces es considerada menor que la otra:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1, 2) < (1, 2, 0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1, 3) < (1, 2, 4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "La primera compación es `True` porque `1 == 1`, `2 == 2`, y ahí se acaban los elementos de la primera tupla. La segunda comparación es False porque `1 == 1` y `3 < 2`; en este caso sí se alcanza a determinar el resultado antes que se acaben los elementos de la primera tupla."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Algunas operaciones sobre tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Verificar si elemento se encuentra en una tupla\n",
    "\n",
    "La instrucción `in` permite verificar si un elemento está contenido en una tupla."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t = (1, 5, 6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 65,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 in t"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 63,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 not in t"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Funciones que aceptan tuplas como parámetros"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Longitud de una tupla\n",
    "La función `len(tupla)` entrega la cantidad de elementos de la tupla ingresada como parámetro."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "La cantidad de elementos en la tupla es 6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t = (1,2,3,4,8,10)\n",
    "print(\"La cantidad de elementos en la tupla es\", len(t))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Suma de los valores de una tupla\n",
    "Usando la función `sum(tupla)`, se puede determinar la suma de los elementos de una tupla."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "28"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t = (1,2,3,4,8,10)\n",
    "sum(t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Mínimo y Máximo en una tupla de elementos\n",
    "La función `min(tupla)` y `max(tupla)` entrega el valor mínimo y máximo de la `tupla` ingresada como parámetro."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t = (1,2,3,4,8,10)\n",
    "print(min(t), max(t))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Ciclo `for` en tuplas\n",
    "- Un ciclo `for` puede ser usado para iterar sobre tuplas."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)\n",
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tt = tuple(range(10))\n",
    "print(tt)\n",
    "for e in tt:\n",
    "    print(e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Iterables (hasta el momento):\n",
    "- Strings\n",
    "- Listas\n",
    "- `range`\n",
    "- Tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Mezcla de Estructuras: Lista de Tuplas\n",
    "\n",
    "Algunas veces es necesario integrar varias estructuras para resolver ciertos problemas."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Progra tiene 3 creditos\n",
      "Mate tiene 5 creditos\n",
      "Física tiene 3 creditos\n",
      "Ed.Fisica tiene 1 creditos\n",
      "Inmanente tiene 2 creditos\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Opcion 1\n",
    "\n",
    "ramos = [\n",
    "    ('Progra', 'IWI-131', 3),\n",
    "    ('Mate', 'MAT-021', 5), \n",
    "    ('Física', 'FIS-100', 3),\n",
    "    ('Ed.Fisica', 'DEW-100', 1), \n",
    "    ('Inmanente', 'HRW-102', 2)\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "# Iterar sobre la lista de tuplas\n",
    "for ramo in ramos:\n",
    "    nombre, sigla, c = ramo\n",
    "    print(nombre, 'tiene', c, 'creditos')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Progra tiene 3 creditos\n",
      "Mate tiene 5 creditos\n",
      "Física tiene 3 creditos\n",
      "Ed.Fisica tiene 1 creditos\n",
      "Inmanente tiene 2 creditos\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Opcion 2\n",
    "ramos = [\n",
    "    ('Progra', 'IWI-131', 3),\n",
    "    ('Mate', 'MAT-021', 5), \n",
    "    ('Física', 'FIS-100', 3),\n",
    "    ('Ed.Fisica', 'DEW-100', 1), \n",
    "    ('Inmanente', 'HRW-102', 2)\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "# Iterar sobre la lista de tuplas\n",
    "for nombre, sigla, c in ramos:\n",
    "    print(nombre, 'tiene', c, 'creditos')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### Ordenar una lista de tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(4, 'Una nueva Esperanza'),\n",
       " (5, 'El Imperio Contraataca'),\n",
       " (6, 'El Retorno del Jedi'),\n",
       " (1, 'La Amenaza Fantasma'),\n",
       " (2, 'El Ataque de los Clones'),\n",
       " (3, 'La Venganza de los Siths'),\n",
       " (7, 'El Despertar de la Fuerza'),\n",
       " (8, 'Los Ultimos Jedi')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 83,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "star_wars = [\n",
    "    (4, 'Una nueva Esperanza'),\n",
    "    (5, 'El Imperio Contraataca'),\n",
    "    (6, 'El Retorno del Jedi'),\n",
    "    (1, 'La Amenaza Fantasma'),\n",
    "    (2, 'El Ataque de los Clones'),\n",
    "    (3, 'La Venganza de los Siths'),\n",
    "    (7, 'El Despertar de la Fuerza'),\n",
    "    (8, 'Los Ultimos Jedi')\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "star_wars\n",
    "#nueva_lista =[]\n",
    "#for elem in star_wars:\n",
    "#    num, nombre = elem\n",
    "#    nueva_lista.append(tuple([nombre,num]))\n",
    "\n",
    "#nueva_lista"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(1, 'La Amenaza Fantasma'),\n",
       " (2, 'El Ataque de los Clones'),\n",
       " (3, 'La Venganza de los Siths'),\n",
       " (4, 'Una nueva Esperanza'),\n",
       " (5, 'El Imperio Contraataca'),\n",
       " (6, 'El Retorno del Jedi'),\n",
       " (7, 'El Despertar de la Fuerza'),\n",
       " (8, 'Los Ultimos Jedi')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 84,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "star_wars.sort()\n",
    "star_wars"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(1, 4), (1, 2), (1, 1), (1, 10)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 85,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nums = [(1, 4), (1, 2), (1, 1), (1, 10)]\n",
    "nums"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 10)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 89,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nums.sort()\n",
    "nums"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Para ordenar una lista de tuplas, utiliza el criterio de comparación de tuplas utilizando un orden ascendente."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Ejercicios"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "**1.** Escriba una función `distancia(p1, p2)` que retorne la distancia entre los puntos `p1` y `p2`:\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    ">>> a = (5.1, 7.3, 2.4)\n",
    ">>> b = (1.1, 2.8, 4.9)\n",
    ">>> distancia(a, b)\n",
    "6.5192024052026492\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def distancia(p1, p2):\n",
    "    x1, y1, z1 = p1\n",
    "    x2, y2, z2 = p2\n",
    "    dx = x2 - x1\n",
    "    dy = y2 - y1\n",
    "    dz = z2 - z1\n",
    "    return (dx ** 2 + dy ** 2 + dz ** 2) ** 0.5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = (5.1, 7.3, 2.4)\n",
    "b = (1.1, 2.8, 4.9)\n",
    "distancia(a, b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "**2.** Un polígono está determinado por la lista de sus vértices. Escriba una función `perimetro(vertices)` que entregue el perímetro del polígono definido por la lista vertices:\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    ">>> p = [(4, 1), (7, 2), (7, 4), (5, 9)]\n",
    ">>> perimetro(p)\n",
    "18.609700215601432\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Distancia para puntos en R^2\n",
    "def distancia(p1, p2):\n",
    "    (x1, y1), (x2, y2) = p1, p2\n",
    "    dx, dy = x2 - x1, y2 - y1\n",
    "    return (dx ** 2 + dy ** 2) ** .5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Propuesta 1\n",
    "def perimetro(vertices): \n",
    "    n = len(vertices) \n",
    "    suma = 0.0\n",
    "    for i in range(n):\n",
    "        a = vertices[i]\n",
    "        b = vertices[(i + 1) % n] \n",
    "        suma += distancia(a, b)\n",
    "    return suma"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "p = [(4, 1), (7, 2), (7, 4), (5, 9)]\n",
    "perimetro(p)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Propuesta 2\n",
    "def perimetro(vertices):\n",
    "    n = len(vertices)\n",
    "    actual = vertices[0:n]\n",
    "    sgte = vertices[1:n] + [vertices[0]] \n",
    "    distancias = []\n",
    "    for i in range(n):\n",
    "        d = distancia(actual[i], sgte[i]) \n",
    "        distancias.append(d)\n",
    "    return sum(distancias)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "p = [(4, 1), (7, 2), (7, 4), (5, 9)]\n",
    "perimetro(p)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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