| Scalar: int, float, bool (True, False), None. =, +=, -=, +, -, *, /, %, **. |
Relational: ==, != <, ,<=, >, >=, is, is not, in, is in, not in. Logical: and, or, not |
Console I/O: print("hello", end=""), input("your name?") |
Built-in: type(), len(), int(), str(), range(), min(), max(), round() |
Standard: math, os, sys, random, datetime |
| Collection: str, range, tuple, list, dict, set. Index & slicing: x[index], x[start:stop] |
Loops: for i in range(5), while x < 5, while True |
File I/O: with open(path, mode) as: "t" - text, "b" - binary, "r" - read, "w" - write, "x" - create, "a" - append |
Named: def func(args), return, pass |
Third-party: numpy, statistics, scipy, pandas |
| Conversion: int(), str(), list(), set() |
Conditions: if, elif, else |
File Input: read(), readline(), readlines(). File Output: write() |
Anonymous: lambda args : expression |
Import: import, from x import y |
| String operations: strip, split, replace, join, format/f-string, index, find, upper, lower |
Controls: break, continue, return, pass |
Output formatting: format()/f-string |
Arbitrary args: *args, **kwargs |
Packages: pypi.org, pip, conda, venv |
| List comprehension: [x for x in C if condition] |
Exceptions: try, except, throw |
Web scraping: requests, BeautifulSoup, selenium, pandas.read_html() |
FP: func is object, func as argument, zero side-effect, map(), filter() |
OOP: class/type, instance, abstract base class (ABC) |