diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1cd40be541735e..da7f9783a91a54 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ on:
       - '**'
 
 concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.run_id || github.ref }}
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.run_id || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cmake.yml b/.github/workflows/cmake.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1f95b6e557fad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/cmake.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2023-present The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+# file COPYING or https://opensource.org/license/mit/.
+
+name: CMake
+on:
+  # See: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows#pull_request.
+  pull_request:
+  # See: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows#push.
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - '**'
+    tags-ignore:
+      - '**'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.run_id || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  cross-build:
+    name: ${{ matrix.host.name }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        host:
+          - name: 'Linux 32-bit, Clang, link to libatomic'
+            packages: 'clang-14 g++-multilib'
+            triplet: 'i686-pc-linux-gnu'
+            c_compiler: 'clang-14 -m32'
+            cxx_compiler: 'clang++-14 -m32'
+            depends_options: 'NO_QT=1'
+            configure_options: '-DWERROR=ON'
+
+    env:
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: '120M'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install dependency packages
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ccache ${{ matrix.host.packages }}
+          echo "CCACHE_DIR=${{ runner.temp }}/ccache" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
+      - name: Depends fingerprint
+        id: depends_fingerprint
+        run: |
+          ${{ matrix.host.c_compiler }} -v 2>&1 | tee depends/c_compiler_version
+          ${{ matrix.host.cxx_compiler }} -v 2>&1 | tee depends/cxx_compiler_version
+          echo ${{ matrix.host.depends_options }} > depends/depends_options
+          echo "hash=${{ hashFiles('./depends/**') }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Depends cache
+        id: depends_cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: |
+            depends/built
+          key: ${{ matrix.host.triplet }}-depends-${{ steps.depends_fingerprint.outputs.hash }}
+
+      - name: Build depends
+        run: |
+          cd depends
+          make -j$(nproc) HOST=${{ matrix.host.triplet }} CC='${{ matrix.host.c_compiler }}' CXX='${{ matrix.host.cxx_compiler }}' ${{ matrix.host.depends_options }} LOG=1
+
+      - name: Restore Ccache cache
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v3
+        id: ccache-cache
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.host.triplet }}-ccache-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ matrix.host.triplet }}-ccache-
+
+      - name: Generate build system
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build --toolchain depends/${{ matrix.host.triplet }}/share/toolchain.cmake ${{ matrix.host.configure_options }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          ccache --zero-stats
+          cmake --build build -j $(nproc)
+          ccache --version | head -n 1 && ccache --show-stats
+          file build/src/bitcoind
+
+      - name: Save Ccache cache
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v3
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' && steps.ccache-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ${{ matrix.host.triplet }}-ccache-${{ github.run_id }}
+
+      - name: Check
+        run: |
+          ctest --test-dir build -j $(nproc)
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index d30cfae98fb778..682a786852e179 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -382,15 +382,4 @@ if(configure_warnings)
 endif()
 
 # We want all build properties to be encapsulated properly.
-get_directory_property(global_compile_definitions COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
-if(global_compile_definitions)
-  message(AUTHOR_WARNING "The directory's COMPILE_DEFINITIONS property is not empty: ${global_compile_definitions}")
-endif()
-get_directory_property(global_compile_options COMPILE_OPTIONS)
-if(global_compile_options)
-  message(AUTHOR_WARNING "The directory's COMPILE_OPTIONS property is not empty: ${global_compile_options}")
-endif()
-get_directory_property(global_link_options LINK_OPTIONS)
-if(global_link_options)
-  message(AUTHOR_WARNING "The directory's LINK_OPTIONS property is not empty: ${global_link_options}")
-endif()
+include(WarnAboutGlobalProperties)
diff --git a/cmake/introspection.cmake b/cmake/introspection.cmake
index 0462ede322d6ed..c4d4c9a24a1398 100644
--- a/cmake/introspection.cmake
+++ b/cmake/introspection.cmake
@@ -75,32 +75,15 @@ check_include_file_cxx(ifaddrs.h HAVE_IFADDRS_H)
 if(HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H AND HAVE_IFADDRS_H)
   check_cxx_symbol_exists(freeifaddrs "sys/types.h;ifaddrs.h" HAVE_DECL_FREEIFADDRS)
   check_cxx_symbol_exists(getifaddrs "sys/types.h;ifaddrs.h" HAVE_DECL_GETIFADDRS)
-  # Illumos/SmartOS requires linking with -lsocket if
-  # using getifaddrs & freeifaddrs.
-  # See: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/21486
   if(HAVE_DECL_GETIFADDRS AND HAVE_DECL_FREEIFADDRS)
-    set(check_socket_source "
-      #include <sys/types.h>
-      #include <ifaddrs.h>
-
-      int main() {
-        struct ifaddrs* ifaddr;
-        getifaddrs(&ifaddr);
-        freeifaddrs(ifaddr);
-      }
-    ")
-    check_cxx_source_links("${check_socket_source}" IFADDR_LINKS_WITHOUT_LIBSOCKET)
-    if(NOT IFADDR_LINKS_WITHOUT_LIBSOCKET)
-      check_cxx_source_links_with_libs(socket "${check_socket_source}" IFADDR_NEEDS_LINK_TO_LIBSOCKET)
-      if(IFADDR_NEEDS_LINK_TO_LIBSOCKET)
-        link_libraries(socket)
-      else()
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot figure out how to use getifaddrs/freeifaddrs.")
-      endif()
-    endif()
+    include(TestAppendRequiredLibraries)
+    test_append_socket_library(core)
   endif()
 endif()
 
+include(TestAppendRequiredLibraries)
+test_append_atomic_library(core)
+
 # Check for gmtime_r(), fallback to gmtime_s() if that is unavailable.
 # Fail if neither are available.
 check_cxx_source_compiles("
diff --git a/cmake/module/CheckSourceCompilesAndLinks.cmake b/cmake/module/CheckSourceCompilesAndLinks.cmake
index 2e5ab54e67e708..6220b40a1fd1b7 100644
--- a/cmake/module/CheckSourceCompilesAndLinks.cmake
+++ b/cmake/module/CheckSourceCompilesAndLinks.cmake
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Copyright (c) 2023-present The Bitcoin Core developers
 # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
-# file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+# file COPYING or https://opensource.org/license/mit/.
 
 include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
 include(CMakePushCheckState)
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ endmacro()
 
 macro(check_cxx_source_compiles_with_flags flags source)
   cmake_push_check_state(RESET)
-  string(REPLACE ";" " " CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${flags}")
+  list(JOIN flags " " CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS)
   check_cxx_source_compiles("${source}" ${ARGN})
   cmake_pop_check_state()
 endmacro()
 
 macro(check_cxx_source_links_with_flags flags source)
   cmake_push_check_state(RESET)
-  string(REPLACE ";" " " CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${flags}")
+  list(JOIN flags " " CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS)
   check_cxx_source_links("${source}" ${ARGN})
   cmake_pop_check_state()
 endmacro()
diff --git a/cmake/module/ProcessConfigurations.cmake b/cmake/module/ProcessConfigurations.cmake
index 32322f3a486a41..7d0702d8fa0816 100644
--- a/cmake/module/ProcessConfigurations.cmake
+++ b/cmake/module/ProcessConfigurations.cmake
@@ -119,8 +119,10 @@ function(get_target_interface var target property)
   get_target_property(dependencies ${target} INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES)
   if(dependencies)
     foreach(dependency IN LISTS dependencies)
-      get_target_interface(dep_result ${dependency} ${property})
-      string(STRIP "${result} ${dep_result}" result)
+      if(TARGET ${dependency})
+        get_target_interface(dep_result ${dependency} ${property})
+        string(STRIP "${result} ${dep_result}" result)
+      endif()
     endforeach()
   endif()
 
diff --git a/cmake/module/TestAppendRequiredLibraries.cmake b/cmake/module/TestAppendRequiredLibraries.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c6dc93742a519a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/module/TestAppendRequiredLibraries.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2023-present The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+# file COPYING or https://opensource.org/license/mit/.
+
+include_guard(GLOBAL)
+
+# Illumos/SmartOS requires linking with -lsocket if
+# using getifaddrs & freeifaddrs.
+# See: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/21486
+function(test_append_socket_library target)
+  set(check_socket_source "
+    #include <sys/types.h>
+    #include <ifaddrs.h>
+
+    int main() {
+      struct ifaddrs* ifaddr;
+      getifaddrs(&ifaddr);
+      freeifaddrs(ifaddr);
+    }
+  ")
+
+  include(CheckSourceCompilesAndLinks)
+  check_cxx_source_links("${check_socket_source}" IFADDR_LINKS_WITHOUT_LIBSOCKET)
+  if(IFADDR_LINKS_WITHOUT_LIBSOCKET)
+    return()
+  endif()
+
+  check_cxx_source_links_with_libs(socket "${check_socket_source}" IFADDR_NEEDS_LINK_TO_LIBSOCKET)
+  if(IFADDR_NEEDS_LINK_TO_LIBSOCKET)
+    target_link_libraries(${target} INTERFACE socket)
+  else()
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot figure out how to use getifaddrs/freeifaddrs.")
+  endif()
+endfunction()
+
+# Clang prior to version 15, when building for 32-bit,
+# and linking against libstdc++, requires linking with
+# -latomic if using the C++ atomic library.
+# Can be tested with: clang++ test.cpp -m32
+#
+# Sourced from http://bugs.debian.org/797228
+function(test_append_atomic_library target)
+  set(check_atomic_source "
+    #include <atomic>
+    #include <cstdint>
+    #include <chrono>
+
+    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+    int main() {
+      std::atomic<bool> lock{true};
+      lock.exchange(false);
+
+      std::atomic<std::chrono::seconds> t{0s};
+      t.store(2s);
+
+      std::atomic<int64_t> a{};
+
+      int64_t v = 5;
+      int64_t r = a.fetch_add(v);
+      return static_cast<int>(r);
+    }
+  ")
+
+  include(CheckSourceCompilesAndLinks)
+  check_cxx_source_links("${check_atomic_source}" STD_ATOMIC_LINKS_WITHOUT_LIBATOMIC)
+  if(STD_ATOMIC_LINKS_WITHOUT_LIBATOMIC)
+    return()
+  endif()
+
+  check_cxx_source_links_with_libs(atomic "${check_atomic_source}" STD_ATOMIC_NEEDS_LINK_TO_LIBATOMIC)
+  if(STD_ATOMIC_NEEDS_LINK_TO_LIBATOMIC)
+    target_link_libraries(${target} INTERFACE atomic)
+  else()
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot figure out how to use std::atomic.")
+  endif()
+endfunction()
diff --git a/cmake/module/WarnAboutGlobalProperties.cmake b/cmake/module/WarnAboutGlobalProperties.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1cf3a6be86742a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/module/WarnAboutGlobalProperties.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2023-present The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+# file COPYING or https://opensource.org/license/mit/.
+
+include_guard(GLOBAL)
+
+# Avoid the directory-wide add_definitions() and add_compile_definitions() commands.
+# Instead, prefer the target-specific target_compile_definitions() one.
+get_directory_property(global_compile_definitions COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
+if(global_compile_definitions)
+  message(AUTHOR_WARNING "The directory's COMPILE_DEFINITIONS property is not empty: ${global_compile_definitions}")
+endif()
+
+# Avoid the directory-wide add_compile_options() command.
+# Instead, prefer the target-specific target_compile_options() one.
+get_directory_property(global_compile_options COMPILE_OPTIONS)
+if(global_compile_options)
+  message(AUTHOR_WARNING "The directory's COMPILE_OPTIONS property is not empty: ${global_compile_options}")
+endif()
+
+# Avoid the directory-wide add_link_options() command.
+# Instead, prefer the target-specific target_link_options() one.
+get_directory_property(global_link_options LINK_OPTIONS)
+if(global_link_options)
+  message(AUTHOR_WARNING "The directory's LINK_OPTIONS property is not empty: ${global_link_options}")
+endif()
+
+# Avoid the directory-wide link_libraries() command.
+# Instead, prefer the target-specific target_link_libraries() one.
+file(WRITE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/dummy_cxx_source.cpp "#error")
+add_library(check_loose_linked_libraries OBJECT EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/dummy_cxx_source.cpp)
+get_target_property(global_linked_libraries check_loose_linked_libraries LINK_LIBRARIES)
+if(global_linked_libraries)
+  message(AUTHOR_WARNING "There are libraries linked with `link_libraries` commands: ${global_linked_libraries}")
+endif()