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有趣的代码——initfini.c
2011-11-10
其它技术

xmj@hellogcc

1、最近编译glibc库,在链接时遇到一个问题,现象如下:

crtn.S:20: multiple definition of `dummy' crtn.S:37: multiple definition of `_init' crtn.S:88: multiple definition of `_fini' crti.S:58: undefined reference to `i_am_not_a_leaf' crtn.S:110: undefined reference to `i_am_not_a_leaf' crtn.S:111: undefined reference to `i_am_not_a_leaf'

搜了下,按照网上的提示把问题解决了。顺便看下initfini.c的代码,感觉挺有意思。

2、这个C文件(initfini.c),首先会被编译成s文件(initfini.s),然后再使用sed程序将其分割成两个S文件(crti.S和crtn.S),最后分别编译成crti.o和crtn.o。文件开头注释里介绍了crti.o和crtn.o的作用:

# This directory contains the C startup code (that which calls main). This # consists of the startfile, built from start.c and installed as crt0.o # (traditionally) or crt1.o (for ELF). In ELF we also install crti.o and # crtn.o, special "initializer" and "finalizer" files used in the link # to make the .init and .fini sections work right; both these files are # built (in an arcane manner) from initfini.c.

Makefile里,有对应的sed程序:

# We only have one kind of startup code files. Static binaries and # shared libraries are build using the PIC version. $(objpfx)crti.S: $(objpfx)initfini.s sed -n -e '1,/@HEADER_ENDS/p' \ -e '/@_.*_PROLOG_BEGINS/,/@_.*_PROLOG_ENDS/p' \ -e '/@TRAILER_BEGINS/,$$p' $< > $@   $(objpfx)crtn.S: $(objpfx)initfini.s sed -n -e '1,/@HEADER_ENDS/p' \ -e '/@_.*_EPILOG_BEGINS/,/@_.*_EPILOG_ENDS/p' \ -e '/@TRAILER_BEGINS/,$$p' $< > $@

对照着C代码和生成的汇编代码,就可以看出,它的实现方法是,用sed通过C代码中特定的注释来提取、分割汇编代码的。比如“@HEADER_ENDS”,在C文件中的代码如下:

/* The initial common code ends here. */ asm ("\n/*@HEADER_ENDS*/");

生成的汇编代码如下:

/*@HEADER_ENDS*/

3、显然,这些嵌入的注释,在生成的汇编代码里需要保持原有的顺序,这样才能保证sed可以正确的提取汇编代码。

问题就出在gcc恰恰把生成汇编代码中的注释顺序打乱了,导致sed没能正确提取汇编代码,生成了错误的crti.S和crtn.S。网上的解决方法是,关掉一个优化选项。将Makefile中的

CFLAGS-initfini.s = -g0 -fPIC -fno-inline-functions

改为

CFLAGS-initfini.s = -g0 -fPIC -fno-inline-functions -fno-unit-at-a-time

即可。