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investing.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<head>
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<title>Project P.F.I - Personal Finances & Investing</title>
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Project P.F.I
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Home
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Investing
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<ul class="navigation__dropdown-list">
<li class="navigation__dropdown-list-item">
<a href="investing.html#types-of-assets"
class="link link--no-hover-underline navigation__dropdown-list-item-link">
Types of assets
</a>
<hr class="navigation__dropdown-hr">
</li>
<li class="navigation__dropdown-list-item">
<a href="investing.html#types-of-portfolios"
class="link link--no-hover-underline navigation__dropdown-list-item-link">
Types of portfolios
</a>
<hr class="navigation__dropdown-hr">
</li>
<li class="navigation__dropdown-list-item">
<a href="investing.html#set-of-basic-rules"
class="link link--no-hover-underline navigation__dropdown-list-item-link">
Set of basic rules
</a>
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<a href="faq.html#whats-the-best-time-to-start-investing"
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What's the best time to start investing?
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What is inflation and how does it work?
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What should I invest $10'000 in?
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<main class="page__main">
<article class="page__article">
<header class="page__article-header">
<h1 class="page__article-header-text">
Basics of Investing
</h1>
</header>
<section class="page__section" id="types-of-assets">
<h2 class="page__section-header">
Types of assets & ways of investing
</h2>
<ul class="investing__list">
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
shares
<ul class="investing__nested-list">
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
ETFs (exchange-traded funds)
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
shares of individual companies
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
commodity futures contracts
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
bonds
<ul class="investing__nested-list">
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
treasury bonds: inflation-indexed or with fixed rate
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
corporate bonds
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
real estate
<ul class="investing__nested-list">
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
apartments for rent
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
flipping houses
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
investment ground
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
raw materials
<ul class="investing__nested-list">
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
gold, silver
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
crude oil, natural gas
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
foreign currencies
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
cryptocurrencies
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
...and many more others
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="page__section" id="types-of-portfolios">
<h2 class="page__section-header">
Types of portfolios & recommended division
</h2>
<ul class="investing__list">
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
financial cushion
<ul class="investing__nested-list">
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
basic requirement for a peaceful and secure life, so that you are no longer a slave to
your employer and the financial system
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
should be enough to cover your expenses for about 3 to 12 months (depending on your
risk tolerance)
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
should be invested in safe assets
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
about 25% should be kept as cash or in a bank savings or deposit account
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
about 75% should be held in government bonds, which are relatively very safe
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
encourages you to follow your ideas in a career, e.g. you no longer have to worry about
losing your job, because you have enough money to live on for next 6 months
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
long-term (defensive) portfolio
<ul class="investing__nested-list">
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
main portfolio, which should be invested in diversified assets
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
its main purpose is to grow your money over time in a stable manner, without need to
spend many hours on it
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
a good target is 3% above inflation
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
you should define wages (and acceptable ranges) for every asset in your portfolio to
automate the investment process and avoid being fooled by your feelings or environment
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
there are many assets you can invest in, but a popular one is to invest 50% in financial
instruments and 50% in real estate
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
don't worry about the 100% exact division of your portfolio, you don't have to buy
properties
right away, you can start with financial instruments and then buy properties later
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
recommended division of the financial instruments part is:
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
40% in inflation-indexed treasury bonds
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
30% in shares (both developed and developing markets)
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
20% in treasury bonds listed on the market
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
10% in investment gold
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item investing__list-item--bigger-text">
offensive portfolio
<ul class="investing__nested-list">
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
additional portfolio, which consists of money we can afford to lose
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
consists of assets of higher risk, but also higher potential return
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
good option if you want to spend more time on investing and utilize your knowledge in
harsh market conditions
</li>
<li class="investing__nested-list-item">
here you can be more flexible with wages and try to predict the prices of assets, it's
hard, but possible
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="page__section" id="set-of-basic-rules">
<h2 class="page__section-header">
Set of basic rules
</h2>
<ul class="investing__list">
<li class="investing__list-item">
the economy and markets are cyclical
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item">
don't put all your eggs into one basket - every few or a dozen or so years there is a time that
is catastrophic for one of the asset classes, so diversify your portfolio
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item">
buy low, sell high
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item">
be greedy when others are fearful, be fearful when others are greedy; buy when blood is spilling
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item">
it is not profitable to hold large sums of cash in the long term, most assets bring higher rates
of return
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item">
controlling emotions and mental state is often more important than knowledge
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item">
no one knows the future, don't trust back analysis
</li>
<li class="investing__list-item">
everyone has a different tendency to take risks
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
</main>
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Author: Igor Józefowicz
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Email:
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igor@jozefowicz.pl
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Github:
<a href="https://github.com/igorjoz" target="_blank" class="link">@igorjoz
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LinkedIn:
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in/igor-jozefowicz
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