references.bib

@article{anda2017transport,
  title = {Transport Modelling in the Age of Big Data},
  author = {Anda, Cuauhtemoc and Erath, Alexander and Fourie, Pieter Jacobus},
  year = {2017},
  month = aug,
  journal = {International Journal of Urban Sciences},
  volume = {21},
  number = {sup1},
  pages = {19--42},
  publisher = {{Routledge}},
  issn = {1226-5934},
  doi = {10.1080/12265934.2017.1281150},
  keywords = {agent-based simulation,Big Data,mobile phone network data,public transport smart card,transport planning,travel demand modelling}
}

@article{arbex2020estimating,
  title = {Estimating the Influence of Crowding and Travel Time Variability on Accessibility to Jobs in a Large Public Transport Network Using Smart Card Big Data},
  author = {Arbex, Renato and Cunha, Claudio B.},
  year = {2020},
  month = may,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {85},
  pages = {102671},
  issn = {09666923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102671},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{banister2008sustainable,
  title = {The Sustainable Mobility Paradigm},
  author = {Banister, David},
  year = {2008},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Transport Policy},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {73--80},
  issn = {0967070X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.10.005},
  langid = {english},
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}

@article{banister2011trilogy,
  title = {The Trilogy of Distance, Speed and Time},
  author = {Banister, David},
  year = {2011},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {19},
  number = {4},
  pages = {950--959},
  issn = {09666923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.12.004},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{barrington-leigh2017world,
  title = {The World's User-Generated Road Map Is More than 80\% Complete},
  author = {{Barrington-Leigh}, Christopher and {Millard-Ball}, Adam},
  year = {2017},
  month = aug,
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  volume = {12},
  number = {8},
  pages = {e0180698},
  publisher = {{Public Library of Science}},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0180698},
  abstract = {OpenStreetMap, a crowdsourced geographic database, provides the only global-level, openly licensed source of geospatial road data, and the only national-level source in many countries. However, researchers, policy makers, and citizens who want to make use of OpenStreetMap (OSM) have little information about whether it can be relied upon in a particular geographic setting. In this paper, we use two complementary, independent methods to assess the completeness of OSM road data in each country in the world. First, we undertake a visual assessment of OSM data against satellite imagery, which provides the input for estimates based on a multilevel regression and poststratification model. Second, we fit sigmoid curves to the cumulative length of contributions, and use them to estimate the saturation level for each country. Both techniques may have more general use for assessing the development and saturation of crowd-sourced data. Our results show that in many places, researchers and policymakers can rely on the completeness of OSM, or will soon be able to do so. We find (i) that globally, OSM is {$\sim$}83\% complete, and more than 40\% of countries\textemdash including several in the developing world\textemdash have a fully mapped street network; (ii) that well-governed countries with good Internet access tend to be more complete, and that completeness has a U-shaped relationship with population density\textemdash both sparsely populated areas and dense cities are the best mapped; and (iii) that existing global datasets used by the World Bank undercount roads by more than 30\%.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Cartography,Geography,Human mobility,Internet,Political geography,Population density,Roads,Urban areas},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\PEWNUIR8\\Barrington-Leigh and Millard-Ball - 2017 - The world’s user-generated road map is more than 8.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\VMQL4XBE\\article.html}
}

@article{bertolini2005sustainable,
  title = {Sustainable Accessibility: A Conceptual Framework to Integrate Transport and Land Use Plan-Making. {{Two}} Test-Applications in the {{Netherlands}} and a Reflection on the Way Forward},
  shorttitle = {Sustainable Accessibility},
  author = {Bertolini, L. and {le Clercq}, F. and Kapoen, L.},
  year = {2005},
  month = may,
  journal = {Transport Policy},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {207--220},
  issn = {0967070X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tranpol.2005.01.006},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{boisjoly2017how,
  title = {How to Get There? {{A}} Critical Assessment of Accessibility Objectives and Indicators in Metropolitan Transportation Plans},
  shorttitle = {How to Get There?},
  author = {Boisjoly, Genevi{\`e}ve and {El-Geneidy}, Ahmed M.},
  year = {2017},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Transport Policy},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {38--50},
  issn = {0967070X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.12.011},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\85PKW2V2\\Boisjoly and El-Geneidy - 2017 - How to get there A critical assessment of accessi.pdf}
}

@techreport{braga2022impactos,
  type = {{Texto para Discuss\~ao}},
  title = {{Impactos da expans\~ao do metr\^o de Fortaleza sobre o acesso a oportunidades de emprego, sa\'ude e educa\c{c}\~ao}},
  author = {Braga, Carlos Kaue Vieira and Tomasiello, Diego Bogado and Herszenhut, Daniel and Oliveira, Jo{\~a}o Lucas Albuquerque and Pereira, Rafael H. M.},
  year = {2022},
  month = may,
  number = {2767},
  institution = {{Instituto de Pesquisa Econ\^omica Aplicada (Ipea)}},
  langid = {brazilian},
  annotation = {Accepted: 2022-05-24T20:46:36Z},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\GMZX8II6\\11195.html}
}

@misc{brodsky2018h3,
  title = {H3: {{Uber}}'s {{Hexagonal Hierarchical Spatial Index}}},
  shorttitle = {H3},
  author = {Brodsky, Isaac},
  year = {2018},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Uber Engineering Blog},
  howpublished = {https://eng.uber.com/h3/},
  langid = {american},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\WKD6TQB3\\h3.html}
}

@article{buliung2021more,
  title = {More than Just a Bus Trip: {{School}} Busing, Disability and Access to Education in {{Toronto}}, {{Canada}}},
  shorttitle = {More than Just a Bus Trip},
  author = {Buliung, Ron and Bilas, Patrick and Ross, Timothy and Marmureanu, Cosmin and {El-Geneidy}, Ahmed},
  year = {2021},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume = {148},
  pages = {496--505},
  issn = {0965-8564},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2021.04.005},
  abstract = {Children with disabilities in Ontario, Canada have their right to equal access to education protected by the 1990 Ontario Human Rights Code and the 1990 Education Act. These legislated rights require the delivery of stigma- and barrier-free education services to children with disabilities. However, the extent to which compliance is achieved by school boards and individual schools is questionable and warrants attention as a matter of both scholarship and public policy. In this paper, we take up and apply the concept of excess travel (i.e., the travel beyond what would be required given a more optimal distribution of housing and schools) to examine the extent to which students with disability and their families are required to undertake longer, more time-consuming school trips. Our analysis includes students who were bused to TDSB elementary (grade school) and secondary (high school) schools. We use TDSB student busing records for the 2016\textendash 17 school year obtained in collaboration with the TDSB between December 2017 and March 2018. Our findings indicate substantial excess travel, particularly for students who are labelled as deaf, physically disabled, or having a behavioural exceptionality. Excess travel time experienced by students with disability is concerning given that it can lead to missed classroom time and may limit opportunities for peer interaction. The availability of busing services for students with disability confers access to education, yet it may paradoxically produce disabling experiences.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Disability,Education,School travel,Transport policy},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\BVZGH44H\\Buliung et al. - 2021 - More than just a bus trip School busing, disabili.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\32W8Y63N\\S0965856421001038.html}
}

@incollection{buttner2021accessibility,
  title = {Accessibility {{Tools}} for {{Transport Policy}} and {{Planning}}},
  booktitle = {International {{Encyclopedia}} of {{Transportation}}},
  author = {B{\"u}ttner, Benjamin},
  editor = {Vickerman, Roger},
  year = {2021},
  month = jan,
  pages = {83--86},
  publisher = {{Elsevier}},
  address = {{Oxford}},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10618-9},
  isbn = {978-0-08-102672-4},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accessibility,Accessibility instruments,Accessibility planning,Accessibility tools,Decision-making,GIS,Governance,Land-use and transport planning,PSS,Transport geography,Transport planning,Transport policy,Urban mobility,Urban planning},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\7D2YJSM9\\B9780081026717106189.html}
}

@article{camboim2015investigation,
  title = {An {{Investigation}} into the {{Completeness}} of, and the {{Updates}} to, {{OpenStreetMap Data}} in a {{Heterogeneous Area}} in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Camboim, Silvana Philippi and Bravo, Jo{\~a}o Vitor Meza and Sluter, Claudia Robbi},
  year = {2015},
  month = sep,
  journal = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1366--1388},
  publisher = {{Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}},
  issn = {2220-9964},
  doi = {10.3390/ijgi4031366},
  abstract = {The integration of user-generated content made in a collaborative environment is being increasingly considered a valuable input to reference maps, even from official map agencies such as USGS and Ordnance Survey. In Brazil, decades of lack of investment has resulted in a topographic map coverage that is both outdated and unequally distributed throughout the territory. This paper aims to analyze the spatial distribution of updates of OpenStreetMap in rural and urban areas in the country to understand the patterns of user updates and its correlation with other economic and developmental variables. This analysis will contribute to generating the knowledge needed in order to consider the use of this data as part of a reference layer of the National Spatial Database Infrastructure as well to design strategies to encourage user action in specific areas.},
  copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {assessment,Brazil,geoinformation quality,integration.,VGI},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\X56EP89J\\Camboim et al. - 2015 - An Investigation into the Completeness of, and the.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\5VDDSL27\\1366.html}
}

@article{cervero2005accessible,
  title = {Accessible {{Cities}} and {{Regions}}: {{A Framework}} for {{Sustainable Transport}} and {{Urbanism}} in the 21st {{Century}}},
  shorttitle = {Accessible {{Cities}} and {{Regions}}},
  author = {Cervero, Robert},
  year = {2005},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Center for Future Urban Transport Working Paper},
  number = {UCB-ITS-VWP-2005-3},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\ZVK85L58\\919354.html}
}

@article{church2000transport,
  title = {Transport and Social Exclusion in {{London}}},
  author = {Church, A and Frost, M and Sullivan, K},
  year = {2000},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Transport Policy},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {195--205},
  issn = {0967070X},
  doi = {10.1016/S0967-070X(00)00024-X},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{conway2017evidencebased,
  title = {Evidence-{{Based Transit}} and {{Land Use Sketch Planning Using Interactive Accessibility Methods}} on {{Combined Schedule}} and {{Headway-Based Networks}}},
  author = {Conway, Matthew Wigginton and Byrd, Andrew and {van der Linden}, Marco},
  year = {2017},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board},
  volume = {2653},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--53},
  issn = {0361-1981, 2169-4052},
  doi = {10.3141/2653-06},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\9J8JP9SJ\\Conway et al. - 2017 - Evidence-Based Transit and Land Use Sketch Plannin.pdf}
}

@article{dijst2002opportunities,
  title = {Opportunities for {{Transport Mode Change}}: {{An Exploration}} of a {{Disaggregated Approach}}},
  shorttitle = {Opportunities for {{Transport Mode Change}}},
  author = {Dijst, Martin and {de Jong}, Tom and {van Eck}, Jan Ritsema},
  year = {2002},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design},
  volume = {29},
  number = {3},
  pages = {413--430},
  issn = {0265-8135, 1472-3417},
  doi = {10.1068/b12811},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{dong2006moving,
  title = {Moving from Trip-Based to Activity-Based Measures of Accessibility},
  author = {Dong, Xiaojing and {Ben-Akiva}, Moshe E. and Bowman, John L. and Walker, Joan L.},
  year = {2006},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume = {40},
  number = {2},
  pages = {163--180},
  issn = {09658564},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2005.05.002},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{el-geneidy2016cost,
  title = {The Cost of Equity: {{Assessing}} Transit Accessibility and Social Disparity Using Total Travel Cost},
  shorttitle = {The Cost of Equity},
  author = {{El-Geneidy}, Ahmed and Levinson, David and Diab, Ehab and Boisjoly, Genevieve and Verbich, David and Loong, Charis},
  year = {2016},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume = {91},
  pages = {302--316},
  issn = {09658564},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2016.07.003},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\DMI5BSQT\\El-Geneidy et al. - 2016 - The cost of equity Assessing transit accessibilit.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\N8NZH25K\\El-Geneidy et al. - 2016 - The cost of equity Assessing transit accessibilit.pdf}
}

@article{farrington2005rural,
  title = {Rural Accessibility, Social Inclusion and Social Justice: Towards Conceptualisation},
  shorttitle = {Rural Accessibility, Social Inclusion and Social Justice},
  author = {Farrington, John and Farrington, Conor},
  year = {2005},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--12},
  issn = {09666923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2004.10.002},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{geurs2004accessibility,
  title = {Accessibility Evaluation of Land-Use and Transport Strategies: Review and Research Directions},
  shorttitle = {Accessibility Evaluation of Land-Use and Transport Strategies},
  author = {Geurs, Karst and {van Wee}, Bert},
  year = {2004},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {127--140},
  issn = {09666923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2003.10.005},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accessibility,Done,Land-use,Policy evaluation,Scriv,Transport}
}

@article{grise2019elevating,
  title = {Elevating Access: {{Comparing}} Accessibility to Jobs by Public Transport for Individuals with and without a Physical Disability},
  shorttitle = {Elevating Access},
  author = {Gris{\'e}, Emily and Boisjoly, Genevi{\`e}ve and Maguire, Meadhbh and {El-Geneidy}, Ahmed},
  year = {2019},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume = {125},
  pages = {280--293},
  issn = {0965-8564},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2018.02.017},
  abstract = {Equal access to opportunities has emerged in public transport planning as a social objective that many transport agencies are trying to achieve. Yet in practice, not all public transport agencies are currently providing urban residents with comparable levels of service due to physical barriers in the public transport network that can significantly hinder the ability of individuals with physical disabilities to access opportunities. In countries without a strong federal accessibility act and/or with major financial constraints, some public transport agencies fall behind in applying universal access design principles, making it even harder for people with a physical disability to access opportunities. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology that can be used by public transport agencies or disability advocates to clearly highlight and quantify the performance of the public transport network in a region, in terms of providing transit services to people in a wheelchair and compare that to the service offered to an individual not in a wheelchair. In this study we use accessibility, the ease of reaching destinations, by public transport as the key performance measure in two major Canadian Cities (Montreal and Toronto). Furthermore, we focus on job accessibility in the most socially vulnerable census tracts in both cities, to evaluate levels of job accessibility for wheelchair users residing in socially vulnerable areas. The findings from our study show striking contrasts between the numbers of accessible jobs by public transport for wheelchair users compared to the general population. On average, wheelchair users in Toronto have access to 75\% of jobs that are accessible to users that are not in a wheelchair, whilst their counterparts in Montreal have access to only 46\% of the jobs accessible to other users. This research is expected to highlight for public transport engineers, planners, policy makers and advocates for those with disabilities, the importance of universal access in a region, especially along public transport networks, using a widely used land use and transport performance measure.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Disabled access,Equity,Job accessibility,Travel time},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\9H9LTEXC\\Grisé et al. - 2019 - Elevating access Comparing accessibility to jobs .pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\FAWGZJUK\\S096585641730705X.html}
}

@article{guzman2018accessibility,
  title = {Accessibility, Affordability and Equity: {{Assessing}} `pro-Poor' Public Transport Subsidies in {{Bogot\'a}}},
  shorttitle = {Accessibility, Affordability and Equity},
  author = {Guzman, Luis A. and Oviedo, Daniel},
  year = {2018},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Transport Policy},
  volume = {68},
  pages = {37--51},
  issn = {0967-070X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.04.012},
  abstract = {Public transport has claimed a preferential position in recent urban development agendas internationally. Rising interest on inclusive development of cities at different levels of urban policy involves new opportunities and challenges for increasingly urban societies. In cities of the Global South, in addition to institutional and physical challenges for the development of efficient and inclusive public transport, local governments face the challenge of making public transport affordable for a large share of the population in conditions of poverty. In order to meet these challenges, several public transport systems throughout have implemented targeted subsidies for specific social groups such as students, the elderly and people with reduced mobility, and more recently for the poor. The government of Bogot\'a has implemented a pro-poor public transport subsidy scheme that aims at alleviating the financial burden of poor households for accessing the city's public transport system. This research develops an analysis of the effects of such subsidy from an accessibility perspective using potential accessibility measures to employment opportunities and assess its impact on equity. The research builds on the hypothesis that accessibility is a multi-dimensional construct that can benefit from the decrease in economic as much as gains in time costs. Results from the analysis show that both the current structure of the pro-poor subsidies in Bogot\'a and alternative scenarios for increasing its coverage are progressive, improving accessibility and equity for those with access to the subsidy. The paper provides valuable insights for the analysis of similar policies in other urban contexts in the Global South.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Bogotá,Equity,Gini index,Job-accessibility,Palma ratio,Public transport,Transport subsidies},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\C3SJ2BXH\\Guzman and Oviedo - 2018 - Accessibility, affordability and equity Assessing.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\TMYPBTS6\\S0967070X17304109.html}
}

@misc{herszenhut2022gtfstools,
  title = {Gtfstools: {{General Transit Feed Specification}} ({{GTFS}}) {{Editing}} and {{Analysing Tools}}},
  shorttitle = {Gtfstools},
  author = {Herszenhut, Daniel and Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Andrade, Pedro R. and Bazzo, Jo{\~a}o},
  year = {2022},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.6577028},
  collaborator = {Padgham, Mark and Saraiva, Marcus and {Ipea-Institute For Applied Economic Research}},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {gtfs,package,r}
}

@article{herszenhut2022impact,
  title = {The Impact of Transit Monetary Costs on Transport Inequality},
  author = {Herszenhut, Daniel and Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Portugal, Licinio da Silva and Oliveira, Matheus Henrique de Sousa},
  year = {2022},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {99},
  pages = {103309},
  issn = {09666923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103309},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accessibility,Equity,Fare policy,Monetary costs,Rio de Janeiro,Socio-spatial inequalities},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\V7WCN2GI\\Herszenhut et al. - 2022 - The impact of transit monetary costs on transport .pdf}
}

@article{higgins2022calculating,
  title = {Calculating Place-Based Transit Accessibility: {{Methods}}, Tools and Algorithmic Dependence},
  shorttitle = {Calculating Place-Based Transit Accessibility},
  author = {Higgins, Christopher and Palm, Matthew and DeJohn, Amber and Xi, Luna and Vaughan, James and Farber, Steven and Widener, Michael and Miller, Eric},
  year = {2022},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Journal of Transport and Land Use},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  issn = {1938-7849},
  doi = {10.5198/jtlu.2022.2012},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\MPE6LC9C\\Higgins et al. - 2022 - Calculating place-based transit accessibility Met.pdf}
}

@article{kandt2021smart,
  title = {Smart Cities, Big Data and Urban Policy: {{Towards}} Urban Analytics for the Long Run},
  shorttitle = {Smart Cities, Big Data and Urban Policy},
  author = {Kandt, Jens and Batty, Michael},
  year = {2021},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Cities},
  volume = {109},
  pages = {102992},
  issn = {0264-2751},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cities.2020.102992},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Big data,Mobilities,Smart cities,Urban analytics,Urban policy},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\GFIPJ2BP\\Kandt and Batty - 2021 - Smart cities, big data and urban policy Towards u.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\KF63QI4I\\S0264275120313408.html}
}

@article{kim2003spacetime,
  title = {Space-Time Accessibility Measures: {{A}} Geocomputational Algorithm with a Focus on the Feasible Opportunity Set and Possible Activity Duration},
  shorttitle = {Space-Time Accessibility Measures},
  author = {Kim, Hyun-Mi and Kwan, Mei-Po},
  year = {2003},
  month = may,
  journal = {Journal of Geographical Systems},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--91},
  issn = {1435-5930, 1435-5949},
  doi = {10.1007/s101090300104}
}

@book{levine2019mobility,
  title = {From Mobility to Accessibility: {{Transforming}} Urban Transportation and Land-Use Planning},
  shorttitle = {From Mobility to Accessibility},
  author = {Levine, Jonathan and Grengs, Joe and Merlin, Louis A.},
  year = {2019},
  publisher = {{Cornell University Press}},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\AE2G5VA6\\books.html}
}

@article{levinson2020general,
  title = {Towards a General Theory of Access},
  author = {Levinson, David M. and Wu, Hao},
  year = {2020},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Journal of Transport and Land Use},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--158},
  issn = {1938-7849},
  doi = {10.5198/jtlu.2020.1660},
  copyright = {Copyright (c) 2020 David M Levinson, Hao Wu},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Land Use},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\QY3BBGFY\\Levinson and Wu - 2020 - Towards a general theory of access.pdf}
}

@book{levinson2020transport,
  title = {Transport Access Manual: {{A}} Guide for Measuring Connection between People and Places},
  author = {Levinson, David and King, David},
  year = {2020},
  publisher = {{Committee of the Transport Access Manual, University of Sydney}}
}

@article{lucas2016method,
  title = {A Method to Evaluate Equitable Accessibility: Combining Ethical Theories and Accessibility-Based Approaches},
  shorttitle = {A Method to Evaluate Equitable Accessibility},
  author = {Lucas, Karen and {van Wee}, Bert and Maat, Kees},
  year = {2016},
  month = may,
  journal = {Transportation},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3},
  pages = {473--490},
  issn = {1572-9435},
  doi = {10.1007/s11116-015-9585-2},
  abstract = {In this paper, we present the case that traditional transport appraisal methods do not sufficiently capture the social dimensions of mobility and accessibility. However, understanding this is highly relevant for policymakers to understand the impacts of their transport decisions. These dimensions include the distribution of mobility and accessibility levels over particular areas or for specific population groups, as well as how this may affect various social outcomes, including their levels of participation, social inclusion and community cohesion. In response, we propose a method to assess the socially relevant accessibility impacts (SRAIs) of policies in some of these key dimensions. The method combines the use of underlying ethics principles, more specifically the theories of egalitarianism and sufficientarianism, in combination with accessibility-based analysis and the Lorenz curve and Gini index. We then demonstrate the method in a case study example. Our suggestion is that policymakers can use these ethical perspectives to determine the equity of their policies decisions and to set minimum standards for local transport delivery. This will help them to become more confident in the development and adoption of new decision frameworks that promote accessibility over mobility and which also disaggregate the costs and benefits of transport policies over particular areas or for specific under-served population groups.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accessibility,Egalitarianism,Equity,Ethics,Sufficientarianism,Transport-related social exclusion},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\BTLFHHE8\\Lucas et al. - 2016 - A method to evaluate equitable accessibility comb.pdf}
}

@article{lucas2016transport,
  title = {Transport Poverty and Its Adverse Social Consequences},
  author = {Lucas, Karen and Mattioli, Giulio and Verlinghieri, Ersilia and Guzman, Alvaro},
  year = {2016},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport},
  volume = {169},
  number = {6},
  pages = {353--365},
  issn = {0965-092X, 1751-7710},
  doi = {10.1680/jtran.15.00073},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\7TYGUBJZ\\Lucas et al. - 2016 - Transport poverty and its adverse social consequen.pdf}
}

@article{luo2003measures,
  ids = {luo2003measure,luo2003measuresb},
  title = {Measures of {{Spatial Accessibility}} to {{Health Care}} in a {{GIS Environment}}: {{Synthesis}} and a {{Case Study}} in the {{Chicago Region}}},
  shorttitle = {Measures of {{Spatial Accessibility}} to {{Health Care}} in a {{GIS Environment}}},
  author = {Luo, Wei and Wang, Fahui},
  year = {2003},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design},
  volume = {30},
  number = {6},
  pages = {865--884},
  publisher = {{SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}},
  issn = {0265-8135, 1472-3417},
  doi = {10.1068/b29120},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\EIXZH5GT\\Luo and Wang - 2003 - Measures of Spatial Accessibility to Health Care i.pdf}
}

@article{luz2022understanding,
  title = {Understanding Transport-Related Social Exclusion through the Lens of Capabilities Approach},
  author = {Luz, Greg{\'o}rio and Portugal, Licinio},
  year = {2022},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Transport Reviews},
  volume = {42},
  number = {4},
  pages = {503--525},
  publisher = {{Routledge}},
  issn = {0144-1647},
  doi = {10.1080/01441647.2021.2005183},
  keywords = {accessibility as a human capability,accessibility disadvantage,accessibility poverty,capabilities approach,transport disadvantage,Transport-related social exclusion},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\X53SNAB5\\Luz and Portugal - 2022 - Understanding transport-related social exclusion t.pdf}
}

@article{martens2012justice,
  title = {Justice in Transport as Justice in Accessibility: Applying {{Walzer}}'s `{{Spheres}} of {{Justice}}' to the Transport Sector},
  shorttitle = {Justice in Transport as Justice in Accessibility},
  author = {Martens, Karel},
  year = {2012},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Transportation},
  volume = {39},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1035--1053},
  issn = {0049-4488, 1572-9435},
  doi = {10.1007/s11116-012-9388-7},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\T2R6IHUZ\\Martens - 2012 - Justice in transport as justice in accessibility .pdf}
}

@incollection{mchugh2013pioneering,
  title = {Pioneering {{Open Data Standards}}: {{The GTFS Story}}},
  shorttitle = {Pioneering Open Data Standards},
  booktitle = {Beyond {{Transparency}}: {{Open Data}} and the {{Future}} of {{Civic Innovation}}},
  author = {McHugh, Bibiana},
  editor = {Goldstein, Brett and Dyson, Lauren},
  year = {2013},
  edition = {First},
  pages = {125--135},
  publisher = {{Code for America Press}},
  address = {{San Francisco, CA}},
  isbn = {978-0-615-88908-5},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\U3I6LULQ\\McHugh - 2013 - Pioneering open data standards The GTFS Story.pdf}
}

@article{miller2018accessibility,
  title = {Accessibility: Measurement and Application in Transportation Planning},
  shorttitle = {Accessibility},
  author = {Miller, Eric J.},
  year = {2018},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Transport Reviews},
  volume = {38},
  number = {5},
  pages = {551--555},
  publisher = {{Routledge}},
  issn = {0144-1647},
  doi = {10.1080/01441647.2018.1492778},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\Z35UXQPD\\Miller - 2018 - Accessibility measurement and application in tran.pdf}
}

@article{nassir2016utilitybased,
  title = {A Utility-Based Travel Impedance Measure for Public Transit Network Accessibility},
  author = {Nassir, Neema and Hickman, Mark and Malekzadeh, Ali and Irannezhad, Elnaz},
  year = {2016},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume = {88},
  pages = {26--39},
  issn = {09658564},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2016.03.007},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{neutens2010equity,
  title = {Equity of {{Urban Service Delivery}}: {{A Comparison}} of {{Different Accessibility Measures}}},
  shorttitle = {Equity of {{Urban Service Delivery}}},
  author = {Neutens, Tijs and Schwanen, Tim and Witlox, Frank and De Maeyer, Philippe},
  year = {2010},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space},
  volume = {42},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1613--1635},
  issn = {0308-518X, 1472-3409},
  doi = {10.1068/a4230},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{neutens2012analysis,
  title = {An Analysis of Day-to-Day Variations in Individual Space\textendash Time Accessibility},
  author = {Neutens, Tijs and Delafontaine, Matthias and Scott, Darren M. and De Maeyer, Philippe},
  year = {2012},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  series = {Special {{Issue}} on {{Time Geography}}},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {81--91},
  issn = {0966-6923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.04.001},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Inter-personal variability,Public services,Space–time accessibility,Time geography},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\FNCKPVE4\\Neutens et al. - 2012 - An analysis of day-to-day variations in individual.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\XP2S54C3\\S0966692312000877.html}
}

@article{paez2012measuring,
  title = {Measuring Accessibility: Positive and Normative Implementations of Various Accessibility Indicators},
  shorttitle = {Measuring Accessibility},
  author = {P{\'a}ez, Antonio and Scott, Darren M. and Morency, Catherine},
  year = {2012},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {141--153},
  issn = {09666923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.016},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{paez2019demand,
  title = {Demand and Level of Service Inflation in {{Floating Catchment Area}} ({{FCA}}) Methods},
  author = {Paez, Antonio and Higgins, Christopher D. and Vivona, Salvatore F.},
  editor = {Shah, Tayyab Ikram},
  year = {2019},
  month = jun,
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  volume = {14},
  number = {6},
  pages = {e0218773},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0218773},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Body weight,Geography,Health care facilities,Health care policy,Health care providers,Ontario,Physicians,Urban areas},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\C9UJVHK6\\Paez et al. - 2019 - Demand and level of service inflation in Floating .pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\FD2GDJ8N\\Paez et al. - 2019 - Demand and level of service inflation in Floating .pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\ISWY2APP\\article.html}
}

@article{papa2015accessibility,
  title = {Accessibility Instruments for Planning Practice: A Review of {{European}} Experiences},
  shorttitle = {Accessibility Instruments for Planning Practice},
  author = {Papa, Enrica and Silva, Cecilia and Te Br{\"o}mmelstroet, Marco and Hull, Angela},
  year = {2015},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Journal of Transport and Land Use},
  issn = {1938-7849},
  doi = {10.5198/jtlu.2015.585},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\4G3UYKWU\\Papa et al. - 2015 - Accessibility instruments for planning practice a.pdf}
}

@article{pereira2017distributive,
  title = {Distributive Justice and Equity in Transportation},
  author = {Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Schwanen, Tim and Banister, David},
  year = {2017},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Transport Reviews},
  volume = {37},
  number = {2},
  pages = {170--191},
  issn = {0144-1647, 1464-5327},
  doi = {10.1080/01441647.2016.1257660},
  abstract = {Over the past decades, transport researchers and policy-makers have devoted increasing attention to questions about justice and equity. Nonetheless, there is still little engagement with theories in political philosophy to frame what justice means in the context of transport policies. This paper reviews key theories of justice (utilitarianism, libertarianism, intuitionism, Rawls' egalitarianism, and Capability Approaches (CAs)) and critically evaluates the insights they generate when applied to transport. Based on a combination of Rawlsian and CAs, we propose that distributive justice concerns over transport disadvantage and social exclusion should focus primarily on accessibility as a human capability. This means that, in policy evaluation, a detailed analysis of the distributional effects of transport policies should take account of the setting of minimum standards of accessibility to key destinations and the extent to which these policies respect individuals' rights and prioritise disadvantaged groups, reduce inequalities of opportunities, and mitigate transport externalities. A full account of justice in transportation requires a more complete understanding of accessibility than traditional approaches have been able to deliver to date.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\EQ3Y4H9U\\Pereira et al. - 2017 - Distributive justice and equity in transportation.pdf}
}

@techreport{pereira2019desigualdades,
  type = {{Texto para Discuss\~ao}},
  title = {{Desigualdades socioespaciais de acesso a oportunidades nas cidades brasileiras, 2019}},
  author = {Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Braga, Carlos Kaue Vieira and Serra, Bernardo and Nadalin, Vanessa},
  year = {2019},
  number = {2535},
  institution = {{Instituto de Pesquisa Econ\^omica Aplicada (Ipea)}},
  langid = {portuguese},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\CPGT8IY4\\Pereira et al. - 2019 - Desigualdades socioespaciais de acesso a oportunid.pdf}
}

@article{pereira2021r5r,
  title = {R5r: {{Rapid Realistic Routing}} on {{Multimodal Transport Networks}} with {{R}}{\textsuperscript{5}} in {{R}}},
  shorttitle = {R5r},
  author = {Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Saraiva, Marcus and Herszenhut, Daniel and Braga, Carlos Kaue Vieira and Conway, Matthew Wigginton},
  year = {2021},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Transport Findings},
  pages = {21262},
  publisher = {{Network Design Lab}},
  doi = {10.32866/001c.21262},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\3DH9GMGX\\Pereira et al. - 2021 - r5r Rapid Realistic Routing on Multimodal Transpo.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\C5SI26YH\\21262-r5r-rapid-realistic-routing-on-multimodal-transport-networks-with-r-5-in-r.html}
}

@incollection{pereira2021transportation,
  title = {Transportation {{Equity}}},
  booktitle = {International {{Encyclopedia}} of {{Transportation}}},
  author = {Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Karner, Alex},
  editor = {Vickerman, Roger},
  year = {2021},
  month = jan,
  pages = {271--277},
  publisher = {{Elsevier}},
  address = {{Oxford}},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10053-3},
  abstract = {Transportation equity is a way to frame distributive justice concerns in relation to how social, economic, and government institutions shape the distribution of transportation benefits and burdens in society. It focuses on the evaluative standards used to judge the differential impacts of policies and plans, asking who benefits from and is burdened by them and to what extent. Questions of transportation equity involve both sufficientarian and egalitarian concerns with both absolute levels of wellbeing, transport-related poverty and social exclusion as well as with relative levels of transport-related inequalities. Ultimately, the study of transport equity explores the multiple channels through which transport and land use policies can create conditions for more inclusive cities and transport systems that allow different people to flourish, to satisfy their basic needs and lead a meaningful life. Transportation equity issues broadly encompass how policy decisions shape societal levels of environmental externalities and what groups are more or less exposed to them, as well as how those decisions affect the lives of different groups in terms of their ability to access life-enhancing opportunities such as employment, healthcare, and education. Equity is a crucial part of a broader concern with transport and mobility justice. The call for transport justice goes beyond distributive concerns, and yet justice cannot be achieved withoutequity.},
  isbn = {978-0-08-102672-4},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Distributive justice,Egalitarianism,Environmental justice,Externalities,Mobility justice,Social exclusion,Social justice,Sufficientarianism,Transport disadvantage,Transport inequality,Transport justice,Transport poverty,Transportation equity},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\PUTHKF6G\\B9780081026717100533.html}
}

@misc{pereira2022accessibility,
  title = {Accessibility: {{Transport Accessibility Measures}}},
  author = {Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Herszenhut, Daniel},
  year = {2022},
  address = {{CRAN}}
}

@misc{pereira2022aopdata,
  title = {Aopdata: {{Data}} from the {{Access}} to {{Opportunities Project}}},
  author = {Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Herszenhut, Daniel and Braga, Carlos K. V. and Tomasiello, Diego B. and Saraiva, Marcus},
  year = {2022},
  address = {{CRAN}}
}

@article{pereira2022distribuicao,
  ids = {pereira2022distribuicaoa},
  title = {{Distribui\c{c}\~ao espacial de caracter\'isticas sociodemogr\'aficas e localiza\c{c}\~ao de empregos e servi\c{c}os p\'ublicos das vinte maiores cidades do Brasil}},
  author = {Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Herszenhut, Daniel and Braga, Carlos Kau{\^e} Vieira and Bazzo, Jo{\~a}o Pedro and Oliveira, Jo{\~a}o Lucas Albuquerque and Parga, Jo{\~a}o Pedro and Saraiva, Marcus and Silva, Luiz Pedro and Warwar, Lucas and Tomasiello, Diego Bogado},
  year = {2022},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Texto para Discuss\~ao IPEA},
  volume = {2772},
  pages = {28},
  publisher = {{Instituto de Pesquisa Econ\^omica Aplicada (Ipea)}},
  issn = {ISSN 1415-4765},
  doi = {10.38116/td2772},
  copyright = {All rights reserved},
  langid = {portuguese}
}

@article{pereira2022estimativas,
  title = {{Estimativas de acessibilidade a empregos e servi\c{c}os p\'ublicos via transporte ativo, p\'ublico e privado nas 20 maiores cidades do Brasil em 2017, 2018, 2019}},
  author = {Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Braga, Carlos Kau{\^e} Vieira and Herszenhut, Daniel and Saraiva, Marcus and Tomasiello, Diego Bogado},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Texto para Discuss\~ao IPEA},
  volume = {2800},
  publisher = {{Instituto de Pesquisa Econ\^omica Aplicada (Ipea)}},
  copyright = {All rights reserved},
  langid = {portuguese}
}

@article{pereira2022exploringa,
  title = {Exploring the Time Geography of Public Transport Networks with the Gtfs2gps Package},
  author = {Pereira, Rafael H. M. and Andrade, Pedro R. and Vieira, Jo{\~a}o Pedro Bazzo},
  year = {2022},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Journal of Geographical Systems},
  issn = {1435-5949},
  doi = {10.1007/s10109-022-00400-x},
  abstract = {The creation of the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) in the mid-2000s provided a new data format for cities to organize and share digital information on their public transport systems. GTFS feeds store geolocated data on public transport networks, including information on routes, stops, timetables, and service levels. The GTFS standard is now widely adopted by thousands of transport authorities and a wide variety of software applications for different purposes, including trip planning, timetable creation and accessibility analysis. Yet, there is still a lack of tools to parse GTFS data when the objective is to analyze the complex spatial and temporal patterns of public transport systems. This paper presents \{gtfs2gps\}, a new general-purpose computational tool to easily process static GTFS data that allows one to analyze the space\textendash time trajectories of public transport vehicles at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. \{gtfs2gps\} is an open-source R package that employs parallel computing to convert GTFS feeds from relational text files into a trajectory data table, similar to GPS records, with the timestamps of vehicles in every trip. This paper explains the package functionalities and demonstrates how \{gtfs2gps\} can be used to articulate key concepts in time geography to explore and visualize the spatial and temporal patterns of public transport networks. We also present a case study looking at how \{gtfs2gps\} can be used to examine socioeconomic and spatial\textendash temporal inequalities in access to public transport, providing key information to monitor cities' progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. The paper is accompanied by a computational notebook in R Markdown to support reproducibility of the results in this paper and to replicate the analysis for other contexts where GTFS data are available. Given the widespread use of GTFS, \{gtfs2gps\} opens new possibilities for researchers to examine the time geography of public transport systems in urban areas across the globe.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\UXI3JNYA\\Pereira et al. - 2022 - Exploring the time geography of public transport n.pdf}
}

@article{pritchard2019international,
  title = {An {{International Comparison}} of {{Equity}} in {{Accessibility}} to {{Jobs}}: {{London}}, {{S\~ao Paulo}} and the {{Randstad}}},
  shorttitle = {An {{International Comparison}} of {{Equity}} in {{Accessibility}} to {{Jobs}}},
  author = {Pritchard, John P. and Tomasiello, Diego and Giannotti, Mariana and Geurs, Karst},
  year = {2019},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Findings},
  publisher = {{Findings Press}},
  doi = {10.32866/7412},
  abstract = {We analyze the impact of different accessibility measures on the interpretation of associated equity analysis using the Gini Coefficient and the (pseudo) Palma Ratio, and the impact of the method of assigning zonal accessibility on Gini estimation results using four different alternatives. Two types of potential accessibility measures (zonal and person-based) and two ratios of potential jobs to potential population (intra-modal and multi-modal) are estimated for car and transit in the Netherlands' Randstad region, Greater London, and S\~ao Paulo relying on network data, schedule-based data, and speed profiles. Gini results are heavily influenced by the accessibility indicator and the method of assignment. The Palma ratio is also influenced by the choice of accessibility indicator, with the person-based potential accessibility measure tending to show greater inequity.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\P7PLN4YA\\Pritchard et al. - 2019 - An International Comparison of Equity in Accessibi.pdf}
}

@techreport{saraiva2023transporte,
  type = {{Texto para Discuss\~ao}},
  title = {{Transporte urbano e insufici\^encia de acesso a escolas no Brasil}},
  author = {Saraiva, Marcus and Silva, Luiz Pedro and Braga, Carlos Kau{\^e} Vieira and Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes},
  year = {2023},
  number = {2854},
  institution = {{Instituto de Pesquisa Econ\^omica Aplicada (Ipea)}},
  langid = {portuguese},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\EQ2R7K6I\\11810.html}
}

@article{silva2017accessibility,
  title = {Accessibility Instruments in Planning Practice: {{Bridging}} the Implementation Gap},
  shorttitle = {Accessibility Instruments in Planning Practice},
  author = {Silva, Cec{\'i}lia and Bertolini, Luca and {te Br{\"o}mmelstroet}, Marco and Milakis, Dimitris and Papa, Enrica},
  year = {2017},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Transport Policy},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {135--145},
  issn = {0967-070X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.09.006},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accessibility Instruments,Implementation gap,Planning Support Systems},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\XA7S88BQ\\Silva et al. - 2017 - Accessibility instruments in planning practice Br.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\RE6H53Y3\\S0967070X16306151.html}
}

@incollection{vanwee2021transport,
  title = {Transport {{Modes}} and {{Accessibility}}},
  booktitle = {International {{Encyclopedia}} of {{Transportation}}},
  author = {{van Wee}, Bert},
  editor = {Vickerman, Roger},
  year = {2021},
  month = jan,
  pages = {32--37},
  publisher = {{Elsevier}},
  address = {{Oxford}},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10402-6},
  abstract = {Accessibility by distinguished transport modes is probably the most important concept in transport geography and transport planning: it expresses that the transport system aims to provide access to places where people want to carry out activities. But it is also a concept for which many definitions and indicators are available, each characterized by their own pros and cons. This contribution discusses types of indicators and how to choose between indicators for as specific case. In addition, it explains that information and communication technology (ICT) increasingly plays a dominant role in people's life as far as (travel to) activities are concerned, and consequently the importance of ICT for accessibility analyses also increases. Finally, it presents several challenges for future research.},
  isbn = {978-0-08-102672-4},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accessibility,Aircraft,Bike,Car,Public transport,Research agenda,Research challenges},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\RSX72GRV\\van Wee - 2021 - Transport Modes and Accessibility.pdf;C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\L4I67K2W\\B9780081026717104026.html}
}

@article{vanwee2022accessibility,
  title = {Accessibility and Equity: {{A}} Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda},
  shorttitle = {Accessibility and Equity},
  author = {{van Wee}, Bert},
  year = {2022},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {104},
  pages = {103421},
  issn = {09666923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103421},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\5PR4G4HQ\\van Wee - 2022 - Accessibility and equity A conceptual framework a.pdf}
}

@article{vasconcellos2018urban,
  title = {Urban Transport Policies in {{Brazil}}: {{The}} Creation of a Discriminatory Mobility System},
  shorttitle = {Urban Transport Policies in {{Brazil}}},
  author = {Vasconcellos, Eduardo Alcantara},
  year = {2018},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {85--91},
  issn = {0966-6923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.08.014},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\DZ8FE5DY\\S0966692316305488.html}
}

@article{venter2016assessing,
  title = {Assessing the Potential of Bus Rapid Transit-Led Network Restructuring for Enhancing Affordable Access to Employment \textendash{} {{The}} Case of {{Johannesburg}}'s {{Corridors}} of {{Freedom}}},
  author = {Venter, Christoffel},
  year = {2016},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Research in Transportation Economics},
  volume = {59},
  pages = {441--449},
  issn = {07398859},
  doi = {10.1016/j.retrec.2016.05.006},
  langid = {english},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\user\\Zotero\\storage\\X3LSV4QH\\Venter - 2016 - Assessing the potential of bus rapid transit-led n.pdf}
}