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Exception Handling in Java

Exception handling in Java is the process of identifying and responding to runtime errors that occur during program execution. In Java, an exception is an event that occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal flow of the program's instructions.

Java provides a mechanism to handle exceptions using the try-catch block. The try block contains the code that may throw an exception, and the catch block catches the exception and handles it appropriately.

Here's an example of how to use the try-catch block to handle an exception:

try {
    // code that may throw an exception
} catch (ExceptionType e) {
    // code to handle the exception
}

In the example above, "ExceptionType" is the type of exception that may be thrown. If an exception of that type is thrown during the execution of the try block, the catch block will be executed, and the exception will be caught and handled by the code inside the catch block.

Java also provides the finally block, which is executed regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not. The finally block is often used to release resources that were acquired in the try block, such as closing a file or releasing a network connection.

Here's an example of using the try-catch-finally block:

try {
    // code that may throw an exception
} catch (ExceptionType e) {
    // code to handle the exception
} finally {
    // code to release resources
}

In the example above, the code inside the finally block will always be executed, regardless of whether an exception was thrown or not.

Java also provides the throw keyword, which allows you to explicitly throw an exception from your code. This is useful if you need to create a custom exception that is specific to your application.

Here's an example of how to use the throw keyword:

if (someCondition) {
    throw new CustomException("Something went wrong");
}

In the example above, if the condition is true, a new instance of the CustomException class is created and thrown, with the message "Something went wrong". This can be caught and handled by a catch block elsewhere in the program.