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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Chapter 1 - OKAI</title>
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<p>Chapter 1</p>
<h2>Artificial Intelligence (AI) Is All Around You</h2>
<p>AI is playing a much bigger role in our lives now. This chapter will
describe what AI is and explain its impact in our lives. Keep scrolling!</p>
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<p>Emerging around 1956, <strong data-toggle="tooltip" title="Artificial Intelligence"
class="highlight">AI</strong>
has made significant progress in recent years.
</p>
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<div id="text2" class="bg-1grey scene">
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<p>From autonomous driving cars, to smart supermarkets with no cashiers,
to algorithms that can play the game of Go and <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/24/alphago-beats-planets-best-human-go-player-ke-jie/"
target="_blank">defeat human champions</a> across the world,
to an AI-generated painting that has been <a href="https://www.christies.com/features/A-collaboration-between-two-artists-one-human-one-a-machine-9332-1.aspx"
target="_blank">sold for $432,500</a>, we have witnessed some exciting
AI applications.
</p>
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<p>The Industrial Revolution changed the world. Similarly, many people predict AI will
bring another revolution that will affect the way we live in an equally, if not
more, significant way.
</p>
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<p>Unlike what is depicted in Hollywood movies and science fiction films, AI is not a
big scary robot taking over the world. but is actually all around you. AI
applications can be subtle things that we use every day, like the algorithm that
recommends a TV show to watch.
</p>
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<p>In concise words, AI is the computerization of tasks that usually require human
intelligence. If you are still picturing a robot in your head, then think of AI as
the brain of that robot, not the physical hardware. Just as steam engines freed
humans from intense repetitive physical labor, AI is freeing us from low-level,
tedious brain labor.
</p>
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<p>Today’s AI is still what scientists describe as Artificial Narrow Intelligence
(ANI). An ANI can only perform a specific task - like driving and face detection.
</p>
</div>
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<p>Scientists and researchers are working to reach the ultimate goal of AI, Artificial
General Intelligence (AGI), in which algorithms can perform and complete any
intellectual tasks that humans can.
</p>
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<h3>
Some Numbers
</h3>
<hr>
<p>
3327 - number of AI companies that can be found on Crunchbase <a href="https://www.crunchbase.com/"
target="_blank">(Crunchbase)</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="text9" class="scene threeLayer bg-4grey">
<div class="text left">
<h3>
Some Numbers
</h3>
<hr>
<p>
4 billion - number of devices with smart voice assistants, like Siri and Alexa, in
2017
<a href="https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/10/04/7-artificial-intelligence-stats-that-will-blow-you.aspx"
target="_blank">(Motley Fool)</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="text10" class="scene threeLayer bg-4grey">
<div class="text left">
<h3>
Some Numbers
</h3>
<hr>
<p>
$5 billion - amount of venture capital invested in AI-related firms in 2017 <a href="https://www.datanami.com/2018/01/19/vc-firms-invest-heavily-ai-pushing-hype-bubble-bigger/"
target="_blank">(datanami)</a>
</p>
</div>
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<div id="text11" class="scene threeLayer bg-4grey">
<div class="text left">
<h3>
Some Numbers
</h3>
<hr>
<p>
$37 billion - an estimated amount of total revenue in AI by 2025 <a href="https://www.tractica.com/newsroom/press-releases/artificial-intelligence-revenue-to-reach-36-8-billion-worldwide-by-2025/"
target="_blank">(Tractica)</a>
</p>
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<h3>
Buzzword: Algorithm
</h3>
<hr>
<p>
An algorithm is very much like a cooking recipe. It is a set of clear instructions
that you or a machine can follow to achieve a certain purpose. Computers do not
understand vague high-level instructions that humans do; algorithms are precise
machine-level operations that computers can follow.
</p>
</div>
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<div id="text13" class="scene fourLayer bg-5grey">
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<h3>
Buzzword: Machine Learning
</h3>
<hr>
<p>
Machine Learning (ML) is a specific area of AI. The word “machine” here refers to
algorithms, instead of physical machines. As described by its name, machine
learning aims to train a machine to learn based on data rather than pre-defined
rules. After the algorithm is trained with large amounts of data, it will be able
to perform tasks at a relatively high level of performance.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="text14" class="scene fourLayer bg-5grey">
<div class="text right">
<h3>
Buzzword: Deep Learning
</h3>
<hr>
<p>
Deep Learning (DL) is a branch of machine learning that centers around
<strong data-toggle="tooltip" class="highlight" title="Algorithms that conduct calculations with units that are inspired by neurons.">Artificial
Neural Networks</strong> (ANN).
The following chapters focus on explaining concepts in this subfield of AI. Deep
learning algorithms need even more data than traditional machine learning
algorithms, but are more flexible and powerful.
</p>
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<h3><strong>Summary</strong></h3>
<p>In this chapter, we looked at what AI is, and its impact on society. It
is worth noting that, although we have seen exciting advancements of
AI, we are still far from achieving AGI. In the next chapter, we dive
deeper into deep learning, the area of AI that witnessed major
development in recent years.</p>
<h3><strong>Further Reading</strong></h3>
<p>
<a href="https://futureoflife.org/background/benefits-risks-of-artificial-intelligence/"
target="_blank">
Benefits & Risks of Artificial Intelligence</a>
<br><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertadams/2017/01/10/10-powerful-examples-of-artificial-intelligence-in-use-today/"
target="_blank">
10 Powerful Examples Of Artificial Intelligence In Use Today</a>
<br><a href="https://hbr.org/2018/01/artificial-intelligence-for-the-real-world"
target="_blank">
Artificial Intelligence for the Real World</a>
</p>
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<h3><strong>Glossary</strong></h3>
<p>
<strong>Algorithm</strong>: A set of instruction that tells the machine
how to achieve a certain purpose.<br><br>
<strong>Artificial Intelligence (AI)</strong>: The computerization of
tasks that usually require human intelligence.<br><br>
<strong>Machine Learning (ML)</strong>: The area of AI that trains
algorithms to perform tasks without specific instructions.<br><br>
<strong>Deep Learning (DL)</strong>: The branch of ML that centers
around artificial neural networks to perform more complex tasks.<br><br>
</p>
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