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thread.c
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thread.c
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/* -*- Mode: C; tab-width: 4; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
/*
* Thread management for memcached.
*/
#include "memcached.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#ifdef __sun
#include <atomic.h>
#endif
#define ITEMS_PER_ALLOC 64
/* An item in the connection queue. */
typedef struct conn_queue_item CQ_ITEM;
struct conn_queue_item {
int sfd;
enum conn_states init_state;
int event_flags;
int read_buffer_size;
enum network_transport transport;
CQ_ITEM *next;
};
/* A connection queue. */
typedef struct conn_queue CQ;
struct conn_queue {
CQ_ITEM *head;
CQ_ITEM *tail;
pthread_mutex_t lock;
pthread_cond_t cond;
};
/* Lock for cache operations (item_*, assoc_*) */
pthread_mutex_t cache_lock;
/* Connection lock around accepting new connections */
pthread_mutex_t conn_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
#if !defined(HAVE_GCC_ATOMICS) && !defined(__sun)
pthread_mutex_t atomics_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
#endif
/* Lock for global stats */
static pthread_mutex_t stats_lock;
/* Free list of CQ_ITEM structs */
static CQ_ITEM *cqi_freelist;
static pthread_mutex_t cqi_freelist_lock;
static pthread_mutex_t *item_locks;
/* size of the item lock hash table */
static uint32_t item_lock_count;
#define hashsize(n) ((unsigned long int)1<<(n))
#define hashmask(n) (hashsize(n)-1)
/* this lock is temporarily engaged during a hash table expansion */
static pthread_mutex_t item_global_lock;
/* thread-specific variable for deeply finding the item lock type */
static pthread_key_t item_lock_type_key;
static LIBEVENT_DISPATCHER_THREAD dispatcher_thread;
/*
* Each libevent instance has a wakeup pipe, which other threads
* can use to signal that they've put a new connection on its queue.
*/
static LIBEVENT_THREAD *threads;
/*
* Number of worker threads that have finished setting themselves up.
*/
static int init_count = 0;
static pthread_mutex_t init_lock;
static pthread_cond_t init_cond;
static void thread_libevent_process(int fd, short which, void *arg);
unsigned short refcount_incr(unsigned short *refcount) {
#ifdef HAVE_GCC_ATOMICS
return __sync_add_and_fetch(refcount, 1);
#elif defined(__sun)
return atomic_inc_ushort_nv(refcount);
#else
unsigned short res;
mutex_lock(&atomics_mutex);
(*refcount)++;
res = *refcount;
mutex_unlock(&atomics_mutex);
return res;
#endif
}
unsigned short refcount_decr(unsigned short *refcount) {
#ifdef HAVE_GCC_ATOMICS
return __sync_sub_and_fetch(refcount, 1);
#elif defined(__sun)
return atomic_dec_ushort_nv(refcount);
#else
unsigned short res;
mutex_lock(&atomics_mutex);
(*refcount)--;
res = *refcount;
mutex_unlock(&atomics_mutex);
return res;
#endif
}
/* Convenience functions for calling *only* when in ITEM_LOCK_GLOBAL mode */
void item_lock_global(void) {
mutex_lock(&item_global_lock);
}
void item_unlock_global(void) {
mutex_unlock(&item_global_lock);
}
void item_lock(uint32_t hv) {
uint8_t *lock_type = pthread_getspecific(item_lock_type_key);
if (likely(*lock_type == ITEM_LOCK_GRANULAR)) {
mutex_lock(&item_locks[(hv & hashmask(hashpower)) % item_lock_count]);
} else {
mutex_lock(&item_global_lock);
}
}
/* Special case. When ITEM_LOCK_GLOBAL mode is enabled, this should become a
* no-op, as it's only called from within the item lock if necessary.
* However, we can't mix a no-op and threads which are still synchronizing to
* GLOBAL. So instead we just always try to lock. When in GLOBAL mode this
* turns into an effective no-op. Threads re-synchronize after the power level
* switch so it should stay safe.
*/
void *item_trylock(uint32_t hv) {
pthread_mutex_t *lock = &item_locks[(hv & hashmask(hashpower)) % item_lock_count];
if (pthread_mutex_trylock(lock) == 0) {
return lock;
}
return NULL;
}
void item_trylock_unlock(void *lock) {
mutex_unlock((pthread_mutex_t *) lock);
}
void item_unlock(uint32_t hv) {
uint8_t *lock_type = pthread_getspecific(item_lock_type_key);
if (likely(*lock_type == ITEM_LOCK_GRANULAR)) {
mutex_unlock(&item_locks[(hv & hashmask(hashpower)) % item_lock_count]);
} else {
mutex_unlock(&item_global_lock);
}
}
static void wait_for_thread_registration(int nthreads) {
while (init_count < nthreads) {
pthread_cond_wait(&init_cond, &init_lock);
}
}
static void register_thread_initialized(void) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&init_lock);
init_count++;
pthread_cond_signal(&init_cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&init_lock);
}
void switch_item_lock_type(enum item_lock_types type) {
char buf[1];
int i;
switch (type) {
case ITEM_LOCK_GRANULAR:
buf[0] = 'l';
break;
case ITEM_LOCK_GLOBAL:
buf[0] = 'g';
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Unknown lock type: %d\n", type);
assert(1 == 0);
break;
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&init_lock);
init_count = 0;
for (i = 0; i < settings.num_threads; i++) {
if (write(threads[i].notify_send_fd, buf, 1) != 1) {
perror("Failed writing to notify pipe");
/* TODO: This is a fatal problem. Can it ever happen temporarily? */
}
}
wait_for_thread_registration(settings.num_threads);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&init_lock);
}
/*
* Initializes a connection queue.
*/
static void cq_init(CQ *cq) {
pthread_mutex_init(&cq->lock, NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&cq->cond, NULL);
cq->head = NULL;
cq->tail = NULL;
}
/*
* Looks for an item on a connection queue, but doesn't block if there isn't
* one.
* Returns the item, or NULL if no item is available
*/
static CQ_ITEM *cq_pop(CQ *cq) {
CQ_ITEM *item;
pthread_mutex_lock(&cq->lock);
item = cq->head;
if (NULL != item) {
cq->head = item->next;
if (NULL == cq->head)
cq->tail = NULL;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&cq->lock);
return item;
}
/*
* Adds an item to a connection queue.
*/
static void cq_push(CQ *cq, CQ_ITEM *item) {
item->next = NULL;
pthread_mutex_lock(&cq->lock);
if (NULL == cq->tail)
cq->head = item;
else
cq->tail->next = item;
cq->tail = item;
pthread_cond_signal(&cq->cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&cq->lock);
}
/*
* Returns a fresh connection queue item.
*/
static CQ_ITEM *cqi_new(void) {
CQ_ITEM *item = NULL;
pthread_mutex_lock(&cqi_freelist_lock);
if (cqi_freelist) {
item = cqi_freelist;
cqi_freelist = item->next;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&cqi_freelist_lock);
if (NULL == item) {
int i;
/* Allocate a bunch of items at once to reduce fragmentation */
item = malloc(sizeof(CQ_ITEM) * ITEMS_PER_ALLOC);
if (NULL == item)
return NULL;
/*
* Link together all the new items except the first one
* (which we'll return to the caller) for placement on
* the freelist.
*/
for (i = 2; i < ITEMS_PER_ALLOC; i++)
item[i - 1].next = &item[i];
pthread_mutex_lock(&cqi_freelist_lock);
item[ITEMS_PER_ALLOC - 1].next = cqi_freelist;
cqi_freelist = &item[1];
pthread_mutex_unlock(&cqi_freelist_lock);
}
return item;
}
/*
* Frees a connection queue item (adds it to the freelist.)
*/
static void cqi_free(CQ_ITEM *item) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&cqi_freelist_lock);
item->next = cqi_freelist;
cqi_freelist = item;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&cqi_freelist_lock);
}
/*
* Creates a worker thread.
*/
static void create_worker(void *(*func)(void *), void *arg) {
pthread_t thread;
pthread_attr_t attr;
int ret;
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
if ((ret = pthread_create(&thread, &attr, func, arg)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can't create thread: %s\n",
strerror(ret));
exit(1);
}
}
/*
* Sets whether or not we accept new connections.
*/
void accept_new_conns(const bool do_accept) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&conn_lock);
do_accept_new_conns(do_accept);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&conn_lock);
}
/****************************** LIBEVENT THREADS *****************************/
/*
* Set up a thread's information.
*/
static void setup_thread(LIBEVENT_THREAD *me) {
me->base = event_init();
if (! me->base) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can't allocate event base\n");
exit(1);
}
/* Listen for notifications from other threads */
event_set(&me->notify_event, me->notify_receive_fd,
EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, thread_libevent_process, me);
event_base_set(me->base, &me->notify_event);
if (event_add(&me->notify_event, 0) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can't monitor libevent notify pipe\n");
exit(1);
}
me->new_conn_queue = malloc(sizeof(struct conn_queue));
if (me->new_conn_queue == NULL) {
perror("Failed to allocate memory for connection queue");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
cq_init(me->new_conn_queue);
if (pthread_mutex_init(&me->stats.mutex, NULL) != 0) {
perror("Failed to initialize mutex");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
me->suffix_cache = cache_create("suffix", SUFFIX_SIZE, sizeof(char*),
NULL, NULL);
if (me->suffix_cache == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create suffix cache\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
/*
* Worker thread: main event loop
*/
static void *worker_libevent(void *arg) {
LIBEVENT_THREAD *me = arg;
/* Any per-thread setup can happen here; thread_init() will block until
* all threads have finished initializing.
*/
/* set an indexable thread-specific memory item for the lock type.
* this could be unnecessary if we pass the conn *c struct through
* all item_lock calls...
*/
me->item_lock_type = ITEM_LOCK_GRANULAR;
pthread_setspecific(item_lock_type_key, &me->item_lock_type);
register_thread_initialized();
event_base_loop(me->base, 0);
return NULL;
}
/*
* Processes an incoming "handle a new connection" item. This is called when
* input arrives on the libevent wakeup pipe.
*/
static void thread_libevent_process(int fd, short which, void *arg) {
LIBEVENT_THREAD *me = arg;
CQ_ITEM *item;
char buf[1];
if (read(fd, buf, 1) != 1)
if (settings.verbose > 0)
fprintf(stderr, "Can't read from libevent pipe\n");
switch (buf[0]) {
case 'c':
item = cq_pop(me->new_conn_queue);
if (NULL != item) {
conn *c = conn_new(item->sfd, item->init_state, item->event_flags,
item->read_buffer_size, item->transport, me->base);
if (c == NULL) {
if (IS_UDP(item->transport)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can't listen for events on UDP socket\n");
exit(1);
} else {
if (settings.verbose > 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can't listen for events on fd %d\n",
item->sfd);
}
close(item->sfd);
}
} else {
c->thread = me;
}
cqi_free(item);
}
break;
/* we were told to flip the lock type and report in */
case 'l':
me->item_lock_type = ITEM_LOCK_GRANULAR;
register_thread_initialized();
break;
case 'g':
me->item_lock_type = ITEM_LOCK_GLOBAL;
register_thread_initialized();
break;
}
}
/* Which thread we assigned a connection to most recently. */
static int last_thread = -1;
/*
* Dispatches a new connection to another thread. This is only ever called
* from the main thread, either during initialization (for UDP) or because
* of an incoming connection.
*/
void dispatch_conn_new(int sfd, enum conn_states init_state, int event_flags,
int read_buffer_size, enum network_transport transport) {
CQ_ITEM *item = cqi_new();
char buf[1];
int tid = (last_thread + 1) % settings.num_threads;
LIBEVENT_THREAD *thread = threads + tid;
last_thread = tid;
item->sfd = sfd;
item->init_state = init_state;
item->event_flags = event_flags;
item->read_buffer_size = read_buffer_size;
item->transport = transport;
cq_push(thread->new_conn_queue, item);
MEMCACHED_CONN_DISPATCH(sfd, thread->thread_id);
buf[0] = 'c';
if (write(thread->notify_send_fd, buf, 1) != 1) {
perror("Writing to thread notify pipe");
}
}
/*
* Returns true if this is the thread that listens for new TCP connections.
*/
int is_listen_thread() {
return pthread_self() == dispatcher_thread.thread_id;
}
/********************************* ITEM ACCESS *******************************/
/*
* Allocates a new item.
*/
item *item_alloc(char *key, size_t nkey, int flags, rel_time_t exptime, int nbytes) {
item *it;
/* do_item_alloc handles its own locks */
it = do_item_alloc(key, nkey, flags, exptime, nbytes, 0);
return it;
}
/*
* Returns an item if it hasn't been marked as expired,
* lazy-expiring as needed.
*/
item *item_get(const char *key, const size_t nkey) {
item *it;
uint32_t hv;
hv = hash(key, nkey, 0);
item_lock(hv);
it = do_item_get(key, nkey, hv);
item_unlock(hv);
return it;
}
item *item_touch(const char *key, size_t nkey, uint32_t exptime) {
item *it;
uint32_t hv;
hv = hash(key, nkey, 0);
item_lock(hv);
it = do_item_touch(key, nkey, exptime, hv);
item_unlock(hv);
return it;
}
/*
* Links an item into the LRU and hashtable.
*/
int item_link(item *item) {
int ret;
uint32_t hv;
hv = hash(ITEM_key(item), item->nkey, 0);
item_lock(hv);
ret = do_item_link(item, hv);
item_unlock(hv);
return ret;
}
/*
* Decrements the reference count on an item and adds it to the freelist if
* needed.
*/
void item_remove(item *item) {
uint32_t hv;
hv = hash(ITEM_key(item), item->nkey, 0);
item_lock(hv);
do_item_remove(item);
item_unlock(hv);
}
/*
* Replaces one item with another in the hashtable.
* Unprotected by a mutex lock since the core server does not require
* it to be thread-safe.
*/
int item_replace(item *old_it, item *new_it, const uint32_t hv) {
return do_item_replace(old_it, new_it, hv);
}
/*
* Unlinks an item from the LRU and hashtable.
*/
void item_unlink(item *item) {
uint32_t hv;
hv = hash(ITEM_key(item), item->nkey, 0);
item_lock(hv);
do_item_unlink(item, hv);
item_unlock(hv);
}
/*
* Moves an item to the back of the LRU queue.
*/
void item_update(item *item) {
uint32_t hv;
hv = hash(ITEM_key(item), item->nkey, 0);
item_lock(hv);
do_item_update(item);
item_unlock(hv);
}
/*
* Does arithmetic on a numeric item value.
*/
enum delta_result_type add_delta(conn *c, const char *key,
const size_t nkey, int incr,
const int64_t delta, char *buf,
uint64_t *cas) {
enum delta_result_type ret;
uint32_t hv;
hv = hash(key, nkey, 0);
item_lock(hv);
ret = do_add_delta(c, key, nkey, incr, delta, buf, cas, hv);
item_unlock(hv);
return ret;
}
/*
* Stores an item in the cache (high level, obeys set/add/replace semantics)
*/
enum store_item_type store_item(item *item, int comm, conn* c) {
enum store_item_type ret;
uint32_t hv;
hv = hash(ITEM_key(item), item->nkey, 0);
item_lock(hv);
ret = do_store_item(item, comm, c, hv);
item_unlock(hv);
return ret;
}
/*
* Flushes expired items after a flush_all call
*/
void item_flush_expired() {
mutex_lock(&cache_lock);
do_item_flush_expired();
mutex_unlock(&cache_lock);
}
/*
* Dumps part of the cache
*/
char *item_cachedump(unsigned int slabs_clsid, unsigned int limit, unsigned int *bytes) {
char *ret;
mutex_lock(&cache_lock);
ret = do_item_cachedump(slabs_clsid, limit, bytes);
mutex_unlock(&cache_lock);
return ret;
}
/*
* Dumps statistics about slab classes
*/
void item_stats(ADD_STAT add_stats, void *c) {
mutex_lock(&cache_lock);
do_item_stats(add_stats, c);
mutex_unlock(&cache_lock);
}
void item_stats_totals(ADD_STAT add_stats, void *c) {
mutex_lock(&cache_lock);
do_item_stats_totals(add_stats, c);
mutex_unlock(&cache_lock);
}
/*
* Dumps a list of objects of each size in 32-byte increments
*/
void item_stats_sizes(ADD_STAT add_stats, void *c) {
mutex_lock(&cache_lock);
do_item_stats_sizes(add_stats, c);
mutex_unlock(&cache_lock);
}
/******************************* GLOBAL STATS ******************************/
void STATS_LOCK() {
pthread_mutex_lock(&stats_lock);
}
void STATS_UNLOCK() {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&stats_lock);
}
void threadlocal_stats_reset(void) {
int ii, sid;
for (ii = 0; ii < settings.num_threads; ++ii) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&threads[ii].stats.mutex);
threads[ii].stats.get_cmds = 0;
threads[ii].stats.get_misses = 0;
threads[ii].stats.touch_cmds = 0;
threads[ii].stats.touch_misses = 0;
threads[ii].stats.delete_misses = 0;
threads[ii].stats.incr_misses = 0;
threads[ii].stats.decr_misses = 0;
threads[ii].stats.cas_misses = 0;
threads[ii].stats.bytes_read = 0;
threads[ii].stats.bytes_written = 0;
threads[ii].stats.flush_cmds = 0;
threads[ii].stats.conn_yields = 0;
threads[ii].stats.auth_cmds = 0;
threads[ii].stats.auth_errors = 0;
for(sid = 0; sid < MAX_NUMBER_OF_SLAB_CLASSES; sid++) {
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].set_cmds = 0;
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].get_hits = 0;
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].touch_hits = 0;
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].delete_hits = 0;
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].incr_hits = 0;
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].decr_hits = 0;
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].cas_hits = 0;
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].cas_badval = 0;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&threads[ii].stats.mutex);
}
}
void threadlocal_stats_aggregate(struct thread_stats *stats) {
int ii, sid;
/* The struct has a mutex, but we can safely set the whole thing
* to zero since it is unused when aggregating. */
memset(stats, 0, sizeof(*stats));
for (ii = 0; ii < settings.num_threads; ++ii) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&threads[ii].stats.mutex);
stats->get_cmds += threads[ii].stats.get_cmds;
stats->get_misses += threads[ii].stats.get_misses;
stats->touch_cmds += threads[ii].stats.touch_cmds;
stats->touch_misses += threads[ii].stats.touch_misses;
stats->delete_misses += threads[ii].stats.delete_misses;
stats->decr_misses += threads[ii].stats.decr_misses;
stats->incr_misses += threads[ii].stats.incr_misses;
stats->cas_misses += threads[ii].stats.cas_misses;
stats->bytes_read += threads[ii].stats.bytes_read;
stats->bytes_written += threads[ii].stats.bytes_written;
stats->flush_cmds += threads[ii].stats.flush_cmds;
stats->conn_yields += threads[ii].stats.conn_yields;
stats->auth_cmds += threads[ii].stats.auth_cmds;
stats->auth_errors += threads[ii].stats.auth_errors;
for (sid = 0; sid < MAX_NUMBER_OF_SLAB_CLASSES; sid++) {
stats->slab_stats[sid].set_cmds +=
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].set_cmds;
stats->slab_stats[sid].get_hits +=
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].get_hits;
stats->slab_stats[sid].touch_hits +=
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].touch_hits;
stats->slab_stats[sid].delete_hits +=
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].delete_hits;
stats->slab_stats[sid].decr_hits +=
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].decr_hits;
stats->slab_stats[sid].incr_hits +=
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].incr_hits;
stats->slab_stats[sid].cas_hits +=
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].cas_hits;
stats->slab_stats[sid].cas_badval +=
threads[ii].stats.slab_stats[sid].cas_badval;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&threads[ii].stats.mutex);
}
}
void slab_stats_aggregate(struct thread_stats *stats, struct slab_stats *out) {
int sid;
out->set_cmds = 0;
out->get_hits = 0;
out->touch_hits = 0;
out->delete_hits = 0;
out->incr_hits = 0;
out->decr_hits = 0;
out->cas_hits = 0;
out->cas_badval = 0;
for (sid = 0; sid < MAX_NUMBER_OF_SLAB_CLASSES; sid++) {
out->set_cmds += stats->slab_stats[sid].set_cmds;
out->get_hits += stats->slab_stats[sid].get_hits;
out->touch_hits += stats->slab_stats[sid].touch_hits;
out->delete_hits += stats->slab_stats[sid].delete_hits;
out->decr_hits += stats->slab_stats[sid].decr_hits;
out->incr_hits += stats->slab_stats[sid].incr_hits;
out->cas_hits += stats->slab_stats[sid].cas_hits;
out->cas_badval += stats->slab_stats[sid].cas_badval;
}
}
/*
* Initializes the thread subsystem, creating various worker threads.
*
* nthreads Number of worker event handler threads to spawn
* main_base Event base for main thread
*/
void thread_init(int nthreads, struct event_base *main_base) {
int i;
int power;
pthread_mutex_init(&cache_lock, NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&stats_lock, NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&init_lock, NULL);
pthread_cond_init(&init_cond, NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&cqi_freelist_lock, NULL);
cqi_freelist = NULL;
/* Want a wide lock table, but don't waste memory */
if (nthreads < 3) {
power = 10;
} else if (nthreads < 4) {
power = 11;
} else if (nthreads < 5) {
power = 12;
} else {
/* 8192 buckets, and central locks don't scale much past 5 threads */
power = 13;
}
item_lock_count = hashsize(power);
item_locks = calloc(item_lock_count, sizeof(pthread_mutex_t));
if (! item_locks) {
perror("Can't allocate item locks");
exit(1);
}
for (i = 0; i < item_lock_count; i++) {
pthread_mutex_init(&item_locks[i], NULL);
}
pthread_key_create(&item_lock_type_key, NULL);
pthread_mutex_init(&item_global_lock, NULL);
threads = calloc(nthreads, sizeof(LIBEVENT_THREAD));
if (! threads) {
perror("Can't allocate thread descriptors");
exit(1);
}
dispatcher_thread.base = main_base;
dispatcher_thread.thread_id = pthread_self();
for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
int fds[2];
if (pipe(fds)) {
perror("Can't create notify pipe");
exit(1);
}
threads[i].notify_receive_fd = fds[0];
threads[i].notify_send_fd = fds[1];
setup_thread(&threads[i]);
/* Reserve three fds for the libevent base, and two for the pipe */
stats.reserved_fds += 5;
}
/* Create threads after we've done all the libevent setup. */
for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
create_worker(worker_libevent, &threads[i]);
}
/* Wait for all the threads to set themselves up before returning. */
pthread_mutex_lock(&init_lock);
wait_for_thread_registration(nthreads);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&init_lock);
}