diff --git a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
index eb00bc5f92a8d..5df60c6ac457a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ jobs:
       ARROW_GLIB_WERROR: true
       ARROW_HOME: /tmp/local
       ARROW_JEMALLOC: OFF
+      ARROW_MIMALLOC: ON
       ARROW_ORC: OFF
       ARROW_PARQUET: ON
       ARROW_WITH_BROTLI: ON
@@ -211,6 +212,7 @@ jobs:
       ARROW_HDFS: OFF
       ARROW_HOME: /ucrt${{ matrix.mingw-n-bits }}
       ARROW_JEMALLOC: OFF
+      ARROW_MIMALLOC: OFF
       ARROW_PARQUET: ON
       ARROW_PYTHON: OFF
       ARROW_S3: ON
diff --git a/ci/conda_env_cpp.txt b/ci/conda_env_cpp.txt
index f28a24cac8d2d..c143387601489 100644
--- a/ci/conda_env_cpp.txt
+++ b/ci/conda_env_cpp.txt
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ libprotobuf
 libutf8proc
 lz4-c
 make
+mimalloc
 ninja
 nodejs
 orc
diff --git a/ci/docker/debian-12-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/debian-12-cpp.dockerfile
index d7a6f9df2c2ee..cc7992c044502 100644
--- a/ci/docker/debian-12-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/debian-12-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         libkrb5-dev \
         libldap-dev \
         liblz4-dev \
+        libmimalloc-dev \
         libnghttp2-dev \
         libprotobuf-dev \
         libprotoc-dev \
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp.dockerfile
index d78c7a99cf4d6..288823ee6d674 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-20.04-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ ENV absl_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     ARROW_HDFS=ON \
     ARROW_HOME=/usr/local \
     ARROW_INSTALL_NAME_RPATH=OFF \
+    ARROW_MIMALLOC=ON \
     ARROW_ORC=ON \
     ARROW_PARQUET=ON \
     ARROW_S3=ON \
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@ ENV absl_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     google_cloud_cpp_storage_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     gRPC_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     GTest_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
+    mimalloc_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     ORC_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     PARQUET_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
     PARQUET_BUILD_EXECUTABLES=ON \
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp.dockerfile
index f12e7456add8e..2210233cc41fb 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-22.04-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         libkrb5-dev \
         libldap-dev \
         liblz4-dev \
+        libmimalloc-dev \
         libnghttp2-dev \
         libprotobuf-dev \
         libprotoc-dev \
@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@ ENV absl_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     ARROW_HDFS=ON \
     ARROW_HOME=/usr/local \
     ARROW_INSTALL_NAME_RPATH=OFF \
+    ARROW_MIMALLOC=ON \
     ARROW_ORC=ON \
     ARROW_PARQUET=ON \
     ARROW_S3=ON \
@@ -215,6 +217,7 @@ ENV absl_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     AWSSDK_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     Azure_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     google_cloud_cpp_storage_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
+    mimalloc_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     ORC_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     PARQUET_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
     PARQUET_BUILD_EXECUTABLES=ON \
diff --git a/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile
index ecfb5e2f5096d..9b934e218a153 100644
--- a/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         libkrb5-dev \
         libldap-dev \
         liblz4-dev \
+        libmimalloc-dev \
         libnghttp2-dev \
         libprotobuf-dev \
         libprotoc-dev \
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ ENV ARROW_ACERO=ON \
     ARROW_HDFS=ON \
     ARROW_HOME=/usr/local \
     ARROW_INSTALL_NAME_RPATH=OFF \
+    ARROW_MIMALLOC=ON \
     ARROW_ORC=ON \
     ARROW_PARQUET=ON \
     ARROW_S3=ON \
diff --git a/ci/scripts/msys2_setup.sh b/ci/scripts/msys2_setup.sh
index e5b08424022de..c43dd15d2cfb7 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/msys2_setup.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/msys2_setup.sh
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ case "${target}" in
     packages+=(${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libutf8proc)
     packages+=(${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2)
     packages+=(${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4)
+    packages+=(${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-mimalloc)
     packages+=(${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ninja)
     packages+=(${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-nlohmann-json)
     packages+=(${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-protobuf)
diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
index 9dcb426f079fe..d8189767b7e07 100644
--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
+++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ set(ARROW_THIRDPARTY_DEPENDENCIES
     jemalloc
     LLVM
     lz4
+    mimalloc
     nlohmann_json
     opentelemetry-cpp
     orc
@@ -200,6 +201,8 @@ macro(build_dependency DEPENDENCY_NAME)
     build_jemalloc()
   elseif("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "lz4")
     build_lz4()
+  elseif("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "mimalloc")
+    build_mimalloc()
   elseif("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "nlohmann_json")
     build_nlohmann_json()
   elseif("${DEPENDENCY_NAME}" STREQUAL "opentelemetry-cpp")
@@ -2194,7 +2197,7 @@ endif()
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # mimalloc - Cross-platform high-performance allocator, from Microsoft
 
-if(ARROW_MIMALLOC)
+macro(build_mimalloc)
   if(NOT ARROW_ENABLE_THREADING)
     message(FATAL_ERROR "Can't use mimalloc with ARROW_ENABLE_THREADING=OFF")
   endif()
@@ -2234,20 +2237,24 @@ if(ARROW_MIMALLOC)
 
   file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${MIMALLOC_INCLUDE_DIR})
 
-  add_library(mimalloc::mimalloc STATIC IMPORTED)
-  set_target_properties(mimalloc::mimalloc PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION
-                                                      "${MIMALLOC_STATIC_LIB}")
-  target_include_directories(mimalloc::mimalloc BEFORE
-                             INTERFACE "${MIMALLOC_INCLUDE_DIR}")
-  target_link_libraries(mimalloc::mimalloc INTERFACE Threads::Threads)
+  add_library(mimalloc STATIC IMPORTED)
+  set_target_properties(mimalloc PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${MIMALLOC_STATIC_LIB}")
+  target_include_directories(mimalloc BEFORE INTERFACE "${MIMALLOC_INCLUDE_DIR}")
+  target_link_libraries(mimalloc INTERFACE Threads::Threads)
   if(WIN32)
-    target_link_libraries(mimalloc::mimalloc INTERFACE "bcrypt.lib" "psapi.lib")
+    target_link_libraries(mimalloc INTERFACE "bcrypt.lib" "psapi.lib")
   endif()
-  add_dependencies(mimalloc::mimalloc mimalloc_ep)
+  add_dependencies(mimalloc mimalloc_ep)
 
-  list(APPEND ARROW_BUNDLED_STATIC_LIBS mimalloc::mimalloc)
+  list(APPEND ARROW_BUNDLED_STATIC_LIBS mimalloc)
 
   set(mimalloc_VENDORED TRUE)
+endmacro()
+
+if(ARROW_MIMALLOC)
+  set(CMAKE_FIND_DEBUG_MODE ON)
+  resolve_dependency(mimalloc)
+  set(CMAKE_FIND_DEBUG_MODE OFF)
 endif()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/CMakeLists.txt b/cpp/src/arrow/CMakeLists.txt
index 6dc8358f502f5..5c105effec20a 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ if(ARROW_JEMALLOC)
 endif()
 if(ARROW_MIMALLOC)
   foreach(ARROW_MEMORY_POOL_TARGET ${ARROW_MEMORY_POOL_TARGETS})
-    target_link_libraries(${ARROW_MEMORY_POOL_TARGET} PRIVATE mimalloc::mimalloc)
+    target_link_libraries(${ARROW_MEMORY_POOL_TARGET} PRIVATE mimalloc)
   endforeach()
 endif()
 
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/memory_pool.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/memory_pool.cc
index 2f8ce3a6fa8c7..a34d90e4d7e3a 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/memory_pool.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/memory_pool.cc
@@ -85,19 +85,13 @@ struct SupportedBackend {
 
 const std::vector<SupportedBackend>& SupportedBackends() {
   static std::vector<SupportedBackend> backends = {
-  // ARROW-12316: Apple => mimalloc first, then jemalloc
-  //              non-Apple => jemalloc first, then mimalloc
-#if defined(ARROW_JEMALLOC) && !defined(__APPLE__)
-    {"jemalloc", MemoryPoolBackend::Jemalloc},
-#endif
 #ifdef ARROW_MIMALLOC
-    {"mimalloc", MemoryPoolBackend::Mimalloc},
+      {"mimalloc", MemoryPoolBackend::Mimalloc},
 #endif
-#if defined(ARROW_JEMALLOC) && defined(__APPLE__)
-    {"jemalloc", MemoryPoolBackend::Jemalloc},
+#ifdef ARROW_JEMALLOC
+      {"jemalloc", MemoryPoolBackend::Jemalloc},
 #endif
-    {"system", MemoryPoolBackend::System}
-  };
+      {"system", MemoryPoolBackend::System}};
   return backends;
 }
 
diff --git a/cpp/vcpkg.json b/cpp/vcpkg.json
index f087a6d24c8f9..5fed915d34984 100644
--- a/cpp/vcpkg.json
+++ b/cpp/vcpkg.json
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     "grpc",
     "gtest",
     "lz4",
+    "mimalloc",
     "openssl",
     "orc",
     "protobuf",
diff --git a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/Rakefile b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/Rakefile
index cdc6d2cf35b66..f43df83fe8638 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/Rakefile
+++ b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/Rakefile
@@ -116,10 +116,21 @@ class ApacheArrowPackageTask < PackageTask
     control.gsub(/@USE_SYSTEM_PROTOBUF@/, use_system_protobuf)
   end
 
+  def apt_prepare_debian_control_mimalloc(control, target)
+    case target
+    when /\Aubuntu-(?:focal|jammy)/
+      use_system_mimalloc = "#"
+    else
+      use_system_mimalloc = ""
+    end
+    control.gsub(/@USE_SYSTEM_MIMALLOC@/, use_system_mimalloc)
+  end
+
   def apt_prepare_debian_control(control_in, target)
     control = control_in.dup
     control = apt_prepare_debian_control_cuda_architecture(control, target)
     control = apt_prepare_debian_control_grpc(control, target)
+    control = apt_prepare_debian_control_mimalloc(control, target)
     control = apt_prepare_debian_control_protobuf(control, target)
     control
   end
diff --git a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/apt/ubuntu-jammy/Dockerfile b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/apt/ubuntu-jammy/Dockerfile
index e6718e59b0aba..17246793151c2 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/apt/ubuntu-jammy/Dockerfile
+++ b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/apt/ubuntu-jammy/Dockerfile
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ RUN \
     libgrpc++-dev \
     libgtest-dev \
     liblz4-dev \
+    libmimalloc-dev \
     libprotobuf-dev \
     libprotoc-dev \
     libre2-dev \
diff --git a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/apt/ubuntu-noble/Dockerfile b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/apt/ubuntu-noble/Dockerfile
index 87ea2402456b0..e5663fa045cfd 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/apt/ubuntu-noble/Dockerfile
+++ b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/apt/ubuntu-noble/Dockerfile
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ RUN \
     libgrpc++-dev \
     libgtest-dev \
     liblz4-dev \
+    libmimalloc-dev \
     libmlir-15-dev \
     libprotobuf-dev \
     libprotoc-dev \
diff --git a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/debian/control.in b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/debian/control.in
index c33e3ac791be1..9040bbcfa0bd3 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/debian/control.in
+++ b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/debian/control.in
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Build-Depends:
 @USE_SYSTEM_GRPC@  libgrpc++-dev,
   libgtest-dev,
   liblz4-dev,
+@USE_SYSTEM_MIMALLOC@  libmimalloc-dev,
 @USE_SYSTEM_PROTOBUF@  libprotobuf-dev,
 @USE_SYSTEM_PROTOBUF@  libprotoc-dev,
   libre2-dev,
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ Depends:
   libcurl4-openssl-dev,
   liblz4-dev,
   libc-ares-dev,
+@USE_SYSTEM_MIMALLOC@  libmimalloc-dev,
 @USE_SYSTEM_PROTOBUF@  libprotobuf-dev,
 @USE_SYSTEM_PROTOBUF@  libprotoc-dev,
   libre2-dev,
diff --git a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/almalinux-8/Dockerfile b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/almalinux-8/Dockerfile
index d846915ab21de..a689682217622 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/almalinux-8/Dockerfile
+++ b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/almalinux-8/Dockerfile
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ RUN \
     llvm-static \
     lz4-devel \
     make \
+    mimalloc-devel \
     ncurses-devel \
     ninja-build \
     openssl-devel \
diff --git a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/almalinux-9/Dockerfile b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/almalinux-9/Dockerfile
index 222ab1b58d34d..38823677c6fa2 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/almalinux-9/Dockerfile
+++ b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/almalinux-9/Dockerfile
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ RUN \
     llvm-static \
     lz4-devel \
     make \
+    mimalloc-devel \
     ncurses-devel \
     ninja-build \
     openssl-devel \
diff --git a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/arrow.spec.in b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/arrow.spec.in
index d5e6c3a332eb3..393d7d3986370 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/arrow.spec.in
+++ b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/arrow.spec.in
@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ BuildRequires:	json-devel
 %endif
 BuildRequires:	libzstd-devel
 BuildRequires:	lz4-devel %{lz4_requirement}
+%if %{use_mimalloc}
+BuildRequires:	mimalloc-devel
+%endif
 BuildRequires:	ninja-build
 BuildRequires:	openssl-devel
 BuildRequires:	pkgconfig
@@ -285,6 +288,9 @@ Requires:	json-devel
 %endif
 Requires:	libzstd-devel
 Requires:	lz4-devel %{lz4_requirement}
+%if %{use_mimalloc}
+Requires:	mimalloc-devel
+%endif
 Requires:	openssl-devel
 %if %{have_rapidjson}
 Requires:	rapidjson-devel
diff --git a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/centos-9-stream/Dockerfile b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/centos-9-stream/Dockerfile
index 9522d999af5b7..4a54ed2aa421f 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/centos-9-stream/Dockerfile
+++ b/dev/tasks/linux-packages/apache-arrow/yum/centos-9-stream/Dockerfile
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ RUN \
     llvm-devel \
     lz4-devel \
     make \
+    mimalloc-devel \
     ncurses-devel \
     ninja-build \
     openssl-devel \