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<h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kingx.me/WebAssembly.html" rel="bookmark" title="下一代Web基石 - WebAssembly">下一代Web基石 - WebAssembly</a></h1>
<h2><span class="entry-date date published"><time datetime="2017-08-12T00:00:00-04:00">August 12, 2017, KINGX</time></span></h2>
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<span class="entry-tags" style="color:red;font-size:13px;margin-bottom: 0px;">「声明：本博客中涉及到的相关漏洞均为官方已经公开并修复的漏洞，涉及到的安全技术也仅用于企业安全建设和安全对抗研究。本文仅限业内技术研究与讨论，严禁用于非法用途，否则产生的一切后果自行承担。」</span>
<h1 id="0-前言">0. 前言</h1>
<p>WebAssembly/wasm 是一个由JavsScript进化来的，用于在浏览器内编写客户端脚本的底层的字节码格式。最初目的是支持编译C和C++语言。</p>
<h1 id="1-使用-webassembly">1. 使用 WebAssembly</h1>
<h2 id="以c语言为例">以C语言为例</h2>
<p>比如C语言代码如下:</p>
<p>math.c</p>
<div class="language-c highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">square</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>首先使用emscripten将c代码编译为wasm，生成math.wasm文件</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>emcc math.c -Os -s WASM=1 -s SIDE_MODULE=1 -o math.wasm
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>然后在Web页面中加载math.wasm中的WebAssembly代码</p>
<div class="language-javascript highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">loadWebAssembly</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">imports</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{})</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">fetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">then</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">response</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="nx">response</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">arrayBuffer</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">then</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">buffer</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="nx">WebAssembly</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">buffer</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">then</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">module</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">imports</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">env</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">imports</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">env</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="nb">Object</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">assign</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">imports</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="na">memoryBase</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="na">tableBase</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="na">memory</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">WebAssembly</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Memory</span><span class="p">({</span> <span class="na">initial</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="na">maximum</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">256</span> <span class="p">}),</span>
<span class="na">table</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">WebAssembly</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Table</span><span class="p">({</span> <span class="na">initial</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="na">maximum</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="na">element</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'anyfunc'</span> <span class="p">})</span>
<span class="p">})</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">WebAssembly</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Instance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">imports</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">})</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">loadWebAssembly</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'math.wasm'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">then</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">instance</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">square</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">instance</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">exports</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">_square</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2^2 ='</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'3^2 ='</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'(2 + 5)^2 ='</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">})</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="更多webassembly-demo">更多WebAssembly Demo</h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/Hanks10100/wasm-examples">https://github.com/Hanks10100/wasm-examples</a></p>
<h1 id="3-相关工具">3. 相关工具</h1>
<h2 id="安装-emscripten">安装 emscripten</h2>
<p><a href="http://kripken.github.io/emscripten-site/docs/getting_started/downloads.html">http://kripken.github.io/emscripten-site/docs/getting_started/downloads.html</a></p>
<p># Fetch the latest registry of available tools.
./emsdk update</p>
<p># Download and install the latest SDK tools.
./emsdk install latest</p>
<p># Make the “latest” SDK “active” for the current user. (writes ~/.emscripten file)
./emsdk activate latest</p>
<p># Activate PATH and other environment variables in the current terminal
source ./emsdk_env.sh</p>
<p>wasm2wast math.wasm -o math.wast</p>
<h2 id="advancedtools">AdvancedTools</h2>
<p><a href="http://webassembly.org/getting-started/advanced-tools/">http://webassembly.org/getting-started/advanced-tools/</a></p>
<h2 id="the-webassembly-binary-toolkit">The WebAssembly Binary Toolkit</h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt">https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt</a></p>
<h2 id="onlinedemo">OnlineDemo</h2>
<p><a href="https://cdn.rawgit.com/WebAssembly/wabt/013802ca01035365e2459c70f0508481393ac075/demo/wasm2wast/">https://cdn.rawgit.com/WebAssembly/wabt/013802ca01035365e2459c70f0508481393ac075/demo/wasm2wast/</a></p>
<h2 id="webassembly语法">WebAssembly语法</h2>
<p><a href="http://webassembly.org/docs/semantics/#type-parametric-operators">http://webassembly.org/docs/semantics/#type-parametric-operators</a></p>
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