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defense.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="">
<head>
<title>how do we understand natural selection?</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="author" content="Lucy Delaney" />
<meta name="date" content="2021-10-03" />
<script src="libs/header-attrs-2.8/header-attrs.js"></script>
<meta name="github-repo" content="ledelaney/10-21-Defense"/>
<meta name="twitter:title" content="how do we understand natural selection?"/>
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Haunted dissertation defense spooktacular presented at University of Illinois at Chicago, October 2021"/>
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://ledelaney.org/talks/2021defense/"/>
<meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://ledelaney.org/talks/2021defense/css/images/10-21-defense-card.png"/>
<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Title slide of how do we understand natural selection? Haunted dissertation defense spooktacular presented at University of Illinois at Chicago, October 2021 by Lucy Delaney"/>
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/>
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@emergentyLucy"/>
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@emergentlyLucy"/>
<meta property="og:title" content="how do we understand natural selection?"/>
<meta property="og:description" content="Haunted dissertation defense spooktacular presented at University of Illinois at Chicago, October 2021"/>
<meta property="og:url" content="https://ledelaney.org/talks/2021defense/"/>
<meta property="og:image" content="https://ledelaney.org/talks/2021defense/css/images/10-21-defense-card.png"/>
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Title slide of how do we understand natural selection? Haunted dissertation defense spooktacular presented at University of Illinois at Chicago, October 2021 by Lucy Delaney"/>
<meta property="og:type" content="website"/>
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/>
<meta property="article:author" content="Lucy Delaney"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/manual-fonts.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/mytheme.css" type="text/css" />
<script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/cd1e8566eb.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<textarea id="source">
class: left, top, title-slide, bg_skeleton
.stretch[
<h1>
.lil[How Do We Understand Natural Selection?]</h1>]
.id[
.right-align[
.pull-low[
<h1>
.norican[University of Illinois at Chicago<br>Lucy Delaney]</h1>]]]
.pull-bottom[
PhD Defense • October 2021]
---
class: top, right, bg_fun
--
<img src="css/images/bg/mountain.png" width="72%">
---
class: top, right, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/bg/mountain.png" width="72%">
.chap1[
<h3>chapter one: fabaceae</h3>]
.flag1[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
---
class: top, right, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/bg/mountain.png" width="72%">
.chap1[
<h3>chapter one: fabaceae</h3>]
.flag1[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
.chap2[
<h3>chapter two: orchidaceae</h3>]
.flag2[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
---
class: top, right, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/bg/mountain.png" width="72%">
.chap1[
<h3>chapter one: fabaceae</h3>]
.flag1[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
.chap2[
<h3>chapter two: orchidaceae</h3>]
.flag2[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
.reck[
<h2>reckoning</h2>]
---
class: top, right, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/bg/mountain.png" width="72%">
.opaque[
.chap1[
<h3>chapter one: fabaceae</h3>]]
.flag1[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
.opaque[
.chap2[
<h3>chapter two: orchidaceae</h3>]]
.flag2[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
.opaque[
.reck[
<h2>reckoning</h2>]]
.chap3[
<h3>chapter three: fmwk analysis</h3>]
.flag3[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
---
class: top, right, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/bg/mountain.png" width="72%">
.opaque[
.chap1[
<h3>chapter one: fabaceae</h3>]]
.flag1[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
.opaque[
.chap2[
<h3>chapter two: orchidaceae</h3>]]
.flag2[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
.opaque[
.reck[
<h2>reckoning</h2>]]
.chap3[
<h3>chapter three: fmwk analysis</h3>]
.flag3[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
.chap4[
<h3>chapter four: fmwk teaching</h3>]
.flag4[
<i class="fas fa-pennant fa-lg"></i>]
---
class: center, top, bg_fun
--
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<h1>everything existing in the universe is the fruit of chance and necessity</h1>
.footnote-light[
Monod, 1971]
---
class: center, top, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<h1>
.opaque[everything existing in the universe is] the fruit of
.opaque[chance and] necessity</h1>
.footnote-light[
Monod, 1971]
---
class: left, top, bg_horse2
--
<br>
<br>
<br>
<blockquote>
This (the contest of Love and Strife) is manifest in the mass of mortal limbs. At one time all the limbs that are the body’s portion are brought together by Love in blooming life’s high season; at another, severed by cruel Strife, they wander each alone by the breakers of life’s sea. It is the same with plants and the fish that make their homes in the waters, with the beasts that have their lairs on the hills and the seabirds that sail on wings.
</blockquote>
.footnote-light-right[Empedocles; Burnet, 1908]
---
class: left, top, bg_horse2
--
<br>
<br>
<br>
<blockquote>
In the beginning, Earth gave birth to plants<br>
After their kind, ringed with shining green<br>
The hills and plains. The flowering meadows shone<br>
with verdure. Then between the various trees<br>
a mighty race began, all galloping<br>
to be the first to shoot up into the sky
</blockquote>
.footnote-light-right[Lucretius, 2008]
---
class: left, top, bg_horse2
--
<br>
<br>
<br>
<blockquote>
We explained there that the whole of existence in (all) its simple and composite worlds is arranged in a natural order of ascent and descent, so that everything constitutes an uninterrupted continuum. The essences at the end of each particular stage of the worlds are by nature prepared to be transformed into the essence adjacent to them, either above or below them.
</blockquote>
.footnote-light-right[Khaldun, 1377; Shah, 2017]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fish
--
.row[
.column[
Lamarck
<img src="css/images/img/JP-Lamarck.jpg" width="85%" style="border-radius: 10%;">]]
.footnote-light[
Zirkle, 1941]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fish
.row[
.column[
Lamarck
<img src="css/images/img/JP-Lamarck.jpg" width="85%" style="border-radius: 10%;">]
.column[
Leclerc
<img src="css/images/img/Georges-Louis-Leclerc.jpg" width="85%" style="border-radius: 10%;">]]
.footnote-light[
Zirkle, 1941]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fish
.row[
.column[
Lamarck
<img src="css/images/img/JP-Lamarck.jpg" width="85%" style="border-radius: 10%;">]
.column[
Leclerc
<img src="css/images/img/Georges-Louis-Leclerc.jpg" width="85%" style="border-radius: 10%;">]
.column[
Darwin
<img src="css/images/img/Erasmus-Darwin.jpg" width="85%" style="border-radius: 10%;">]]
.footnote-light[
Zirkle, 1941]
---
class: right, top, bg_fish
.footnote-light[
Zirkle, 1941]
--
<br>
<br>
<h2>common ancestry <i class="fad fa-sitemap"></i></h2>
---
class: right, top, bg_fish
<br>
<br>
.opaque[
<h2>common ancestry <i class="fad fa-sitemap"></i></h2>]
<h2>struggle for existence <i class="fad fa-scythe"></i></h2>
.footnote-light[
Zirkle, 1941]
---
class: right, top, bg_fish
<br>
<br>
.opaque[
<h2>common ancestry <i class="fad fa-sitemap"></i></h2>]
.opaque[
<h2>struggle for existence <i class="fad fa-scythe"></i></h2>]
.stretch[
.fishmove[
<h2>mechanistic accounts of change <i class="fad fa-cogs"></i></h2>]]
.footnote-light[
Zirkle, 1941]
---
class: middle, center, bg_skull
--
<img src="css/images/img/01-house.png" width="70%">
.footnote-light[
Kampourakis, 2020; Trommler _et al._, 2018]
---
class: middle, center, bg_skull
<img src="css/images/img/02-house.png" width="70%">
.footnote-light[
Kampourakis, 2020; Trommler _et al._, 2018]
---
class: middle, center, bg_skull
<img src="css/images/img/03-house.png" width="70%">
.footnote-light[
Kampourakis, 2020; Trommler _et al._, 2018]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<h3>one box = 100 million years</h3>
<img src="css/images/figs/01-timeline.png" width="100%">
.footnote-high-left[
Ballard, 1988]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<h3>one box = 100 million years</h3>
<img src="css/images/figs/02-timeline.png" width="100%">
.footnote-high-left[
Ballard, 1988]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<h3>one box = 100 million years</h3>
<img src="css/images/figs/03-timeline.png" width="100%">
.footnote-high-left[
Ballard, 1988]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<h3>one box = 100 million years</h3>
<img src="css/images/figs/04-timeline.png" width="100%">
.footnote-high-left[
Ballard, 1988]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<h3>one box = 100 million years</h3>
<img src="css/images/figs/05-timeline.png" width="100%">
.footnote-high-left[
Ballard, 1988]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<h3>one box = 100 million years</h3>
<img src="css/images/figs/06-timeline.png" width="100%">
.footnote-high-left[
Ballard, 1988]
---
class: middle, top, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<h3>one box = 100 million years</h3>
<img src="css/images/figs/07-timeline.png" width="100%">
.footnote-high-left[
Ballard, 1988]
---
class: left, middle, bg_skull
.stretch[
<h1>
.midi[<i class="fad fa-ghost"></i>] primed to see evidence of design</i></h1>]
---
class: left, middle, bg_skull
.stretch[
.opaque[
<h1>
.midi[<i class="fad fa-ghost"></i>] primed to see evidence of design</i></h1>]
<h1>
.midi[<i class="fad fa-ghost"></i>] struggle with large timescales</h1>]
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-2x"></i>
.opacity[
<h1>individuals vary in heritable characteristics</h1>]
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-2x"></i>
<h1>individuals vary in heritable characteristics</h1>
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-2x"></i>
<h1>there is a struggle for existence</h1>
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-3x"></i>
.left-align[
<h1>
.norican[Those with characteristics that…]<br><br>
.opacity[
<i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> survival and reproduction<br><i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> in population</h1>]]
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-3x"></i>
.left-align[
<h1>
.norican[Those with characteristics that…]<br><br>
<i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> survival and reproduction<br>
.opacity[
<i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> in population</h1>]]
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-3x"></i>
.left-align[
<h1>
.norican[Those with characteristics that…]<br><br>
<i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> survival and reproduction<br>
<i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> in population</h1>]
---
class: top, center, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<img src="css/images/figs/31-selection.png" width="80%">
---
class: top, center, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<img src="css/images/figs/32-selection.png" width="100%">
---
class: top, center, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<img src="css/images/figs/33-selection.png" width="100%">
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-2x"></i>
<h1>individuals vary in heritable characteristics</h1>
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-2x"></i>
.opaque[
<h1>individuals vary in heritable characteristics</h1>]
<h1><i class="fad fa-times-circle"></i><br>
.norican[Essentialism]</h1>
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-2x"></i>
<h1>there is a struggle for existence</h1>
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-2x"></i>
.opaque[
<h1>there is a struggle for existence</h1>]
<h1><i class="fad fa-times-circle"></i><br>
.norican[Nature is harmonious and divine]</h1>
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-3x"></i>
.left-align[
<h1>
.norican[Those with characteristics that…]<br><br>
<i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> survival and reproduction<br><i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> in population</h1>]
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-3x"></i>
.left-align[
<h1>
.norican[Those with characteristics that…]<br><br>
<i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i>
.red[survival]
and reproduction<br><i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> in population</h1>]
---
class: top, center, bg_owls
<i class="fad fa-dna fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-skull-crossbones fa-2x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-users-class fa-3x"></i>
.left-align[
<h1>
.norican[Those with characteristics that…]<br><br>
<i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> survival and
.red[reproduction]<br><i class="fas fa-sort-amount-up"></i> in population</h1>]
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
--
<img src="css/images/figs/51-plasticity.png" width="70%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/52-plasticity.png" width="105%">
---
class: top, center, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<img src="css/images/figs/41-identical.png" width="70%">
---
class: top, center, bg_fun
<br>
<br>
<img src="css/images/figs/42-identical.png" width="100%">
---
class: center, middle, bg_devil
<h3>natural selection can only tinker, not create</h3>
.footnote-light-right[
Jacob, 1977]
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/10-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/11-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/12-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/11-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/10-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/13-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/192-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/14-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: top, center, bg_devil
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-left fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-right fa-3x"></i>
---
class: top, center, bg_devil
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-left fa-5x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-right fa-3x"></i>
<h3>bad mutations</h3>
---
class: top, center, bg_devil
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-left fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale fa-5x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-right fa-3x"></i>
<h3>neutral mutations</h3>
---
class: top, center, bg_devil
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-left fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-right fa-5x"></i>
<h3>beneficial mutations</h3>
---
class: top, center, bg_devil
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-left fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-balance-scale-right fa-5x"></i>
<h3>beneficial mutations</h3>
<h1>now natural selection can act</h1>
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
--
<img src="css/images/figs/10-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/15-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/16-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, left, bg_fun
.gamete1[
<h3>one gamete</h3>]
.gamete2[
<h3>two gamete</h3>]
.moveimg[
<img src="css/images/figs/17-meiosis.png" width="130%">]
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/16-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/18-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, center, bg_fun
<img src="css/images/figs/19-meiosis.png" width="100%">
---
class: middle, left, bg_fun
.gamete1[
<h3>one gamete</h3>]
.gamete2[
<h3>two gamete</h3>]
.moveimg[
<img src="css/images/figs/17-meiosis.png" width="130%">]
---
class: middle, left, bg_fun
.gamete1[
<h3>one gamete</h3>]
.gamete2[
<h3>two gamete</h3>]
.moveimg[
<img src="css/images/figs/190-meiosis.png" width="130%">]
---
class: middle, left, bg_fun
.gamete1[
<h3>one gamete</h3>]
.gamete2[
<h3>two gamete</h3>]
.moveimg[
<img src="css/images/figs/191-meiosis.png" width="130%">]
---
class: top, left, bg_creepysnake
--
<ul class="fa-ul">
<li><h2>
.midi[
.fa-li[<i class="fad fa-knife-kitchen"></i>]]individual organisms vary</h2></li>
</ul>
---
class: top, left, bg_creepysnake
<ul class="fa-ul">
<li><h2>
.midi[
.fa-li[<i class="fad fa-knife-kitchen"></i>]]
.opaque[individual organisms vary]</h2></li>
<li><h2>
.midi[
.fa-li[<i class="fad fa-knife-kitchen"></i>]]random processes generate variation
</h2></li>
</ul>
---
class: top, left, bg_creepysnake
<ul class="fa-ul">
<li><h2>
.midi[
.fa-li[<i class="fad fa-knife-kitchen"></i>]]
.opaque[individual organisms vary]</h2></li>
<li><h2>
.midi[
.fa-li[<i class="fad fa-knife-kitchen"></i>]]
.opaque[random processes generate variation]
</h2></li>
<li><h2>
.midi[
.fa-li[<i class="fad fa-knife-kitchen"></i>]]species-level patterns emerge over generations
</h2></li>
</ul>
---
class: middle, center, bg_blood
--
<h2>traits that influence mating are important</h2>
.footnote-light[
Charlesworth, 2006]
---
class: middle, center, bg_blood
<h2>traits that influence mating are important</h2>
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-venus-mars fa-3x"></i>
<i class="far fa-rings-wedding fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-flower-tulip fa-3x"></i>
---
class: middle, center, bg_blood
<h2>traits that influence mating are important</h2>
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-venus-mars fa-5x"></i>
<i class="far fa-rings-wedding fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-flower-tulip fa-3x"></i>
---
class: middle, center, bg_blood
<h2>traits that influence mating are important</h2>
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-venus-mars fa-3x"></i>
<i class="far fa-rings-wedding fa-5x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-flower-tulip fa-3x"></i>
---
class: middle, center, bg_blood
<h2>traits that influence mating are important</h2>
<br>
<br>
<i class="fad fa-venus-mars fa-3x"></i>
<i class="far fa-rings-wedding fa-3x"></i>
<i class="fad fa-flower-tulip fa-5x"></i>
---
class: middle, center, bg_blood
.opacity[
.left-align[
.anther[
<h3>stamen <i class="fal fa-arrow-right"></i></h3>]]]