populations.qmd

# Populations

![](images/populations.png){width="100"}

Demographic data are essential for risk assessment, especially when the objective is to assess the risk at population level.

A common practice during risk characterisation to estimate population level risk is to calculate the risk per individual per year and then use population data to obtain the number of cases per year in the geographical area concerned.

Moreover, as sensitivities may differ for different categories of the population, it's essential to get their relative proportions in the general population. For example, it is known that

-   the risk of developing haemolytic uraemic syndrome is higher in people under 15 years of age,

-   the risk of listeriosis depends on the immunosuppression of the target populations,

-   the risk of salmonellosis is different for people with antibiotic treatment (dysbiosis of the digestive microbiota) or on antacids [@guillier2021].

The assessment of the risk at the population level therefore depends on the distribution between the different age groups, the immune status and the current treatments.

## Eurostat data

### Scope

Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union and has the mission to provide high-quality statistics and data on Europe and comparable at EU level. Nine statistical themes are available :

-   General and regional statistics

-   Economy and finance

-   Population and social conditions

-   Industries, trade and services

-   Agriculture and fisheries

-   International trade

-   Transport

-   Environnement and energy

-   Science, technology, digital society

Tables on EU policy and cross cutting topics are also available.

### Accessibility

All the databases are available in the Eurostat data navigation tree (<https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/explore/all/all_themes?lang=en>) and various visualization tools are at everyone's disposal (<https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/data/data-visualisations>). 

With the statistical atlas, the user can view the data on a map (@fig-Eurostat) ([Eurostat regional yearbook 2022 (europa.eu)](https://ec.europa.eu/statistical-atlas/viewer/?mids=BKGCNT,C01M02,CNTOVL&o=1,1,0.7&ch=PEO,C01&center=45.69864,12.05339,4&lcis=C01M02&)).

![Eurostat statistical Atlas](images/eurostat_atlas.png){#fig-Eurostat alt="Eurostat statistical Atlas"}

## **Antimicrobial consumption database (ESAC-Net)**

### Scope

The ESAC-Net provides European reference data on antimicrobial consumption, both in the community and the hospital sector. The reports of the database are provided through the European Surveillance System (TESSy).

### Accessibility

https://qap.ecdc.europa.eu/public/extensions/AMC2_Dashboard/AMC2_Dashboard.html#eu-consumption-tab