diff --git a/bin/rebar3 b/bin/rebar3
index a5f263e..e550663 100755
Binary files a/bin/rebar3 and b/bin/rebar3 differ
diff --git a/include/statsderl.hrl b/include/statsderl.hrl
index 42709d6..92296a4 100644
--- a/include/statsderl.hrl
+++ b/include/statsderl.hrl
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 %% macros
 -define(APP, statsderl).
 -define(CHILD(Name, Mod), {Name, {Mod, start_link, [Name]}, permanent, 5000, worker, [Mod]}).
+-define(CLIENT, statsderl_client).
+-define(MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32, 4294967295).
+
+%% env vars
 -define(ENV(Key, Default), application:get_env(?APP, Key, Default)).
 -define(ENV_BASEKEY, base_key).
 -define(ENV_HOSTNAME, hostname).
 -define(ENV_PORT, port).
 -define(ENV_VARS, [?ENV_BASEKEY, ?ENV_HOSTNAME, ?ENV_PORT]).
--define(MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32, 4294967295).
--define(SERVER, statsderl_server).
 
 %% defaults
+-define(DEFAULT_BACKLOG_SIZE, 4096).
 -define(DEFAULT_BASEKEY, undefined).
--define(DEFAULT_HOSTNAME, {127, 0, 0, 1}).
+-define(DEFAULT_HOSTNAME, "127.0.0.1").
 -define(DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE, 4).
 -define(DEFAULT_PORT, 8125).
 
diff --git a/rebar.config b/rebar.config
index 9aaef02..1a56fac 100644
--- a/rebar.config
+++ b/rebar.config
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 {cover_export_enabled, true}.
 
 {deps, [
-  {foil, "0.1.0"},
   {granderl, "0.1.5"},
-  {metal, "0.1.1"},
-  {parse_trans, "3.0.0"}
+  {parse_trans, "3.0.0"},
+  {shackle, "0.6.11"}
 ]}.
 
 {edoc_opts, [
@@ -21,6 +20,8 @@
   debug_info
 ]}.
 
+{plugins, [rebar3_hex]}.
+
 {profiles, [
   {compile, [
     {erl_opts, [
diff --git a/rebar.config.script b/rebar.config.script
index fdbb49c..da73697 100644
--- a/rebar.config.script
+++ b/rebar.config.script
@@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ case erlang:function_exported(rebar3, main, 1) of
         CONFIG;
     false ->
         [{deps, [
-            {foil, ".*",
-                {git, "https://github.com/lpgauth/foil.git", {tag, "0.1.0"}}},
             {granderl, ".*",
                 {git, "https://github.com/tokenrove/granderl.git", {tag, "v0.1.5"}}},
-            {metal, ".*",
-                {git, "https://github.com/lpgauth/metal.git", {tag, "0.1.1"}}},
             {parse_trans, ".*",
-                {git, "https://github.com/uwiger/parse_trans.git", {tag, "3.0.0"}}}
+                {git, "https://github.com/uwiger/parse_trans.git", {tag, "3.0.0"}}},
+            {shackle, ".*",
+                {git, "https://github.com/lpgauth/shackle.git", {tag, "0.6.11"}}}
         ]} | lists:keydelete(deps, 1, CONFIG)]
 end.
diff --git a/rebar.lock b/rebar.lock
index 06b6fa8..af7d361 100644
--- a/rebar.lock
+++ b/rebar.lock
@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 [{<<"foil">>,{pkg,<<"foil">>,<<"0.1.0">>},0},
  {<<"granderl">>,{pkg,<<"granderl">>,<<"0.1.5">>},0},
  {<<"metal">>,{pkg,<<"metal">>,<<"0.1.1">>},0},
- {<<"parse_trans">>,{pkg,<<"parse_trans">>,<<"3.0.0">>},0}]}.
+ {<<"parse_trans">>,{pkg,<<"parse_trans">>,<<"3.0.0">>},0},
+ {<<"shackle">>,{pkg,<<"shackle">>,<<"0.6.11">>},0}]}.
 [
 {pkg_hash,[
  {<<"foil">>, <<"16406493144743F633505E51406F7BE6BF17A3772DFD62BCDE3107C654704BEE">>},
  {<<"granderl">>, <<"F20077A68BD80B8D8783BD15A052813C6483771DEC1A5B837D307CBE92F14122">>},
  {<<"metal">>, <<"5D3D1322DA7BCD34B94FED5486F577973685298883954F7A3E517EF5EF6953F5">>},
- {<<"parse_trans">>, <<"9E96B1C9C3A0DF54E7B76F8F685D38BFA1EB21B31E042B1D1A5A70258E4DB1E3">>}]}
+ {<<"parse_trans">>, <<"9E96B1C9C3A0DF54E7B76F8F685D38BFA1EB21B31E042B1D1A5A70258E4DB1E3">>},
+ {<<"shackle">>, <<"949245E1AE690DECAD887B046CCCA595E5F3FC798A317131466985F5BBA64298">>}]}
 ].
diff --git a/src/statsderl.app.src b/src/statsderl.app.src
index ef564e1..503bccd 100644
--- a/src/statsderl.app.src
+++ b/src/statsderl.app.src
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {application, statsderl, [
-  {applications, [kernel, stdlib, granderl, foil, metal]},
+  {applications, [kernel, stdlib, granderl, shackle]},
   {description, "High Performance Erlang StatsD Client"},
   {env, []},
   {licenses, ["MIT"]},
diff --git a/src/statsderl.erl b/src/statsderl.erl
index 07ce6ba..1284c6f 100644
--- a/src/statsderl.erl
+++ b/src/statsderl.erl
@@ -23,43 +23,43 @@
     ok.
 
 counter(Key, Value, Rate) ->
-    statsderl_pool:sample(Rate, {counter, Key, Value, Rate}).
+    statsderl_sample:rate(Rate, {counter, Key, Value, Rate}).
 
 -spec decrement(key(), value(), sample_rate()) ->
     ok.
 
 decrement(Key, Value, Rate) when Value >= 0 ->
-    statsderl_pool:sample(Rate, {counter, Key, -Value, Rate}).
+    statsderl_sample:rate(Rate, {counter, Key, -Value, Rate}).
 
 -spec gauge(key(), value(), sample_rate()) ->
     ok.
 
 gauge(Key, Value, Rate) when Value >= 0 ->
-    statsderl_pool:sample(Rate, {gauge, Key, Value}).
+    statsderl_sample:rate(Rate, {gauge, Key, Value}).
 
 -spec gauge_decrement(key(), value(), sample_rate()) ->
     ok.
 
 gauge_decrement(Key, Value, Rate) when Value >= 0 ->
-    statsderl_pool:sample(Rate, {gauge_decrement, Key, Value}).
+    statsderl_sample:rate(Rate, {gauge_decrement, Key, Value}).
 
 -spec gauge_increment(key(), value(), sample_rate()) ->
     ok.
 
 gauge_increment(Key, Value, Rate) when Value >= 0 ->
-    statsderl_pool:sample(Rate, {gauge_increment, Key, Value}).
+    statsderl_sample:rate(Rate, {gauge_increment, Key, Value}).
 
 -spec increment(key(), value(), sample_rate()) ->
     ok.
 
 increment(Key, Value, Rate) when Value >= 0 ->
-    statsderl_pool:sample(Rate, {counter, Key, Value, Rate}).
+    statsderl_sample:rate(Rate, {counter, Key, Value, Rate}).
 
 -spec timing(key(), value(), sample_rate()) ->
     ok.
 
 timing(Key, Value, Rate) ->
-    statsderl_pool:sample(Rate, {timing, Key, Value}).
+    statsderl_sample:rate(Rate, {timing, Key, Value}).
 
 -spec timing_fun(key(), fun(), sample_rate()) ->
     any().
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ timing_fun(Key, Fun, Rate) ->
     ok.
 
 timing_now(Key, Timestamp, Rate) ->
-    statsderl_pool:sample(Rate, {timing_now, Key, Timestamp}).
+    statsderl_sample:rate(Rate, {timing_now, Key, Timestamp}).
 
 -spec timing_now_us(key(), erlang:timestamp(), sample_rate()) ->
     ok.
 
 timing_now_us(Key, Timestamp, Rate) ->
-    statsderl_pool:sample(Rate, {timing_now_us, Key, Timestamp}).
+    statsderl_sample:rate(Rate, {timing_now_us, Key, Timestamp}).
diff --git a/src/statsderl_app.erl b/src/statsderl_app.erl
index 43113b5..d5b0501 100644
--- a/src/statsderl_app.erl
+++ b/src/statsderl_app.erl
@@ -36,4 +36,5 @@ start(_StartType, _StartArgs) ->
     ok.
 
 stop(_State) ->
+    shackle_pool:stop(?APP),
     ok.
diff --git a/src/statsderl_client.erl b/src/statsderl_client.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3fd6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/statsderl_client.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+-module(statsderl_client).
+-include("statsderl.hrl").
+
+-compile(inline).
+-compile({inline_size, 512}).
+
+-behavior(shackle_client).
+-export([
+    init/1,
+    setup/2,
+    handle_request/2,
+    handle_data/2,
+    terminate/1
+]).
+
+-record(state, {
+    base_key :: iodata()
+}).
+
+-type state() :: #state {}.
+
+%% shackle_server callbacks
+-spec init(undefined) ->
+    {ok, state()}.
+
+init(_Opts) ->
+    BaseKey = ?ENV(?ENV_BASEKEY, ?DEFAULT_BASEKEY),
+
+    {ok, #state {
+        base_key = statsderl_utils:base_key(BaseKey)
+    }}.
+
+-spec setup(inet:socket(), state()) ->
+    {ok, state()}.
+
+setup(_Socket, State) ->
+    {ok, State}.
+
+-spec handle_request(term(), state()) ->
+    {ok, undefined, iolist(), state()}.
+
+handle_request({cast, Data}, #state {
+        base_key = BaseKey
+    } = State) ->
+
+    {ok, undefined, [BaseKey, Data], State};
+handle_request(Request, #state {
+        base_key = BaseKey
+    } = State) ->
+
+    Data = statsderl_protocol:encode(Request),
+
+    {ok, undefined, [BaseKey, Data], State}.
+
+-spec handle_data(binary(), state()) ->
+    {ok, [], state()}.
+
+handle_data(_Data, State) ->
+    {ok, [], State}.
+
+-spec terminate(state()) -> ok.
+
+terminate(_State) ->
+    ok.
diff --git a/src/statsderl_pool.erl b/src/statsderl_pool.erl
deleted file mode 100644
index 81110ad..0000000
--- a/src/statsderl_pool.erl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
--module(statsderl_pool).
--include("statsderl.hrl").
-
--compile(inline).
--compile({inline_size, 512}).
-
--ignore_xref([
-    {statsderl_pool_foil, lookup, 1}
-]).
-
--export([
-    init/0,
-    sample/2,
-    sample_scaled/2,
-    server_name/1,
-    size/0
-]).
-
-%% public
--spec init() ->
-    ok.
-
-init() ->
-    foil:new(statsderl_pool),
-    PoolSize = ?ENV(pool_size, ?DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE),
-    foil:insert(statsderl_pool, pool_size, PoolSize),
-    [foil:insert(statsderl_pool, N, server_name_gen(N)) ||
-        N <- lists:seq(1, PoolSize)],
-    foil:load(statsderl_pool).
-
--spec sample(sample_rate(), operation()) ->
-    ok.
-
-sample(1, Operation) ->
-    operation(Operation);
-sample(1.0, Operation) ->
-    operation(Operation);
-sample(Rate, Operation) ->
-    RateInt = trunc(Rate * ?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32),
-    sample_scaled(RateInt, Operation).
-
--spec sample_scaled(non_neg_integer(), operation()) ->
-    ok.
-
-sample_scaled(RateInt, Operation) ->
-    Rand = granderl:uniform(?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32),
-    case Rand =< RateInt of
-        true  ->
-            N = Rand rem size() + 1,
-            operation(Operation, server_name(N));
-        false ->
-            ok
-    end.
-
--spec server_name(pos_integer()) ->
-    atom().
-
-server_name(N) ->
-    try statsderl_pool_foil:lookup(N) of
-        {ok, Value} ->
-            Value;
-        {error, _Reason} ->
-            undefined
-    catch
-        error:undef ->
-            undefined
-    end.
-
--spec size() ->
-    pool_size().
-
-size() ->
-    try foil:lookup(?MODULE, pool_size) of
-        {ok, Value} ->
-            Value;
-        {error, _Reason} ->
-            1
-    catch
-        error:undef ->
-            1
-    end.
-
-%% private
-cast({cast, _} = Cast, ServerName) ->
-    send(ServerName, Cast);
-cast(Operation, ServerName) ->
-    send(ServerName, {cast, statsderl_protocol:encode(Operation)}).
-
-operation(Operation) ->
-    operation(Operation, random_server()).
-
-operation({timing_now, Key, Value}, ServerName) ->
-    Value2 = statsderl_utils:timing_now(Value),
-    cast({timing, Key, Value2}, ServerName);
-operation({timing_now_us, Key, Value}, ServerName) ->
-    Value2 = statsderl_utils:timing_now_us(Value),
-    cast({timing, Key, Value2}, ServerName);
-operation(Operation, ServerName) ->
-    cast(Operation, ServerName).
-
-random_server() ->
-    server_name(granderl:uniform(size())).
-
-send(ServerName, Msg) ->
-    try
-        ServerName ! Msg,
-        ok
-    catch
-        _:_ ->
-            ok
-    end.
-
-server_name_gen(N) ->
-    list_to_atom("statsderl_" ++ integer_to_list(N)).
diff --git a/src/statsderl_sample.erl b/src/statsderl_sample.erl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f204e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/statsderl_sample.erl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+-module(statsderl_sample).
+-include("statsderl.hrl").
+
+-compile(inline).
+-compile({inline_size, 512}).
+
+-export([
+    rate/2,
+    rate_scaled/2
+]).
+
+%% public
+-spec rate(sample_rate(), operation()) ->
+    ok.
+
+rate(1, Operation) ->
+    operation(Operation);
+rate(1.0, Operation) ->
+    operation(Operation);
+rate(Rate, Operation) ->
+    RateInt = trunc(Rate * ?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32),
+    rate_scaled(RateInt, Operation).
+
+-spec rate_scaled(non_neg_integer(), operation()) ->
+    ok.
+
+rate_scaled(RateInt, Operation) ->
+    Rand = granderl:uniform(?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32),
+    case Rand =< RateInt of
+        true  ->
+            operation(Operation);
+        false ->
+            ok
+    end.
+
+%% private
+cast(Request) ->
+    shackle:cast(?APP, Request, undefined),
+    ok.
+
+operation({timing_now, Key, Value}) ->
+    Value2 = statsderl_utils:timing_now(Value),
+    cast({timing, Key, Value2});
+operation({timing_now_us, Key, Value}) ->
+    Value2 = statsderl_utils:timing_now_us(Value),
+    cast({timing, Key, Value2});
+operation(Operation) ->
+    cast(Operation).
diff --git a/src/statsderl_server.erl b/src/statsderl_server.erl
deleted file mode 100644
index d5edd3d..0000000
--- a/src/statsderl_server.erl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
--module(statsderl_server).
--include("statsderl.hrl").
-
--compile(inline).
--compile({inline_size, 512}).
-
--export([
-    start_link/1
-]).
-
--behaviour(metal).
--export([
-    init/3,
-    handle_msg/2,
-    terminate/2
-]).
-
--record(state, {
-    base_key :: iodata(),
-    socket   :: inet:socket()
-}).
-
-%% public
--spec start_link(atom()) ->
-    {ok, pid()}.
-
-start_link(Name) ->
-    metal:start_link(?SERVER, Name, undefined).
-
-%% metal callbacks
--spec init(atom(), pid(), term()) ->
-    {ok, term()} | {stop, atom()}.
-
-init(_Name, _Parent, _Opts) ->
-    case gen_udp:open(0, [{active, false}]) of
-        {ok, Socket} ->
-            BaseKey = ?ENV(?ENV_BASEKEY, ?DEFAULT_BASEKEY),
-            Hostname = ?ENV(?ENV_HOSTNAME, ?DEFAULT_HOSTNAME),
-            Port = ?ENV(?ENV_PORT, ?DEFAULT_PORT),
-            gen_udp:connect(Socket, Hostname, Port),
-
-            {ok, #state {
-                base_key = statsderl_utils:base_key(BaseKey),
-                socket = Socket
-            }};
-        {error, Reason} ->
-            {stop, Reason}
-    end.
-
--spec handle_msg(term(), term()) ->
-    {ok, term()}.
-
-handle_msg({cast, Packet}, #state {
-        base_key = BaseKey,
-        socket = Socket
-    } = State) ->
-
-    gen_udp:send(Socket, [BaseKey, Packet]),
-    {ok, State}.
-
--spec terminate(term(), term()) ->
-    ok.
-
-terminate(_Reason, #state {
-        socket = Socket
-    }) ->
-
-    gen_udp:close(Socket),
-    ok.
diff --git a/src/statsderl_sup.erl b/src/statsderl_sup.erl
index 7a8e43b..1a16095 100644
--- a/src/statsderl_sup.erl
+++ b/src/statsderl_sup.erl
@@ -21,16 +21,23 @@ start_link() ->
 
 %% supervisor callbacks
 -spec init([]) ->
-    {ok, {{one_for_one, 5, 10}, [supervisor:child_spec()]}}.
+    {ok, {{one_for_one, 5, 10}, []}}.
 
 init(_Args) ->
-    ok = statsderl_pool:init(),
-    PoolSize = statsderl_pool:size(),
-    {ok, {{one_for_one, 5, 10}, child_specs(PoolSize)}}.
-
-%% private
-child_specs(0) ->
-    [];
-child_specs(N) ->
-    Name = statsderl_pool:server_name(N),
-    [?CHILD(Name, ?SERVER) | child_specs(N - 1)].
+    BacklogSize = ?ENV(backlog_size, ?DEFAULT_BACKLOG_SIZE),
+    Hostname = ?ENV(?ENV_HOSTNAME, ?DEFAULT_HOSTNAME),
+    PoolSize = ?ENV(pool_size, ?DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE),
+    Port = ?ENV(?ENV_PORT, ?DEFAULT_PORT),
+
+    ClientOpts = [
+        {address, Hostname},
+        {port, Port},
+        {protocol, shackle_udp}
+    ],
+    PoolOtps = [
+        {backlog_size, BacklogSize},
+        {pool_size, PoolSize}
+    ],
+    ok = shackle_pool:start(?APP, ?CLIENT, ClientOpts, PoolOtps),
+
+    {ok, {{one_for_one, 5, 10}, []}}.
diff --git a/src/statsderl_transform.erl b/src/statsderl_transform.erl
index 2914b07..f236b1c 100644
--- a/src/statsderl_transform.erl
+++ b/src/statsderl_transform.erl
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ do_transform(_Form) ->
 %% private
 call(Function, Arg1, Arg2) ->
     {call, 0, {remote, 0,
-        {atom, 0, statsderl_pool},
+        {atom, 0, statsderl_sample},
         {atom, 0, Function}}, [Arg1, Arg2]
     }.
 
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@ replace(Function, {_, _, _, [Key, Value, Rate]} = F) ->
     end.
 
 sample(Rate, Arguments) ->
-    call(sample, Rate, Arguments).
+    call(rate, Rate, Arguments).
 
 sample_scaled(RateScaled, Arguments) ->
-    call(sample_scaled, ?INTEGER(RateScaled), Arguments).
+    call(rate_scaled, ?INTEGER(RateScaled), Arguments).
 
 safe_normalize(AbsTerm) ->
     try erl_parse:normalise(AbsTerm)
diff --git a/test/statsderl_tests.erl b/test/statsderl_tests.erl
index e909689..8ca89c0 100644
--- a/test/statsderl_tests.erl
+++ b/test/statsderl_tests.erl
@@ -53,11 +53,15 @@ increment_subtest(Socket) ->
 
 sampling_rate_subtest(Socket) ->
     meck:new(granderl, [passthrough, no_history]),
-    meck:expect(granderl, uniform, fun (?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32) -> 1 end),
+    meck:expect(granderl, uniform, fun
+        (4) -> 2;
+        (?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32) -> 1
+    end),
     statsderl:counter("test", 1, 0.1234),
     assert_packet(Socket, <<"test:1|c|@0.1234">>),
-    meck:expect(granderl, uniform, fun (?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32) ->
-        ?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32
+    meck:expect(granderl, uniform, fun
+        (4) -> 2;
+        (?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32) -> ?MAX_UNSIGNED_INT_32
     end),
     statsderl:counter("test", 1, 0.1234),
     meck:unload(granderl).
@@ -116,6 +120,8 @@ setup(EnvVars) ->
     application:load(?APP),
     [application:unset_env(?APP, K) || K <- ?ENV_VARS],
     [application:set_env(?APP, K, V) || {K, V} <- EnvVars],
-    statsderl_app:start(),
     {ok, Socket} = gen_udp:open(?DEFAULT_PORT, [binary, {active, false}]),
+    timer:sleep(100),
+    statsderl_app:start(),
+    timer:sleep(1000),
     Socket.
diff --git a/test/statsderl_transform_tests.erl b/test/statsderl_transform_tests.erl
index 95bf095..e1eabb2 100644
--- a/test/statsderl_transform_tests.erl
+++ b/test/statsderl_transform_tests.erl
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ cleanup(Socket) ->
 setup() ->
     error_logger:tty(false),
     application:load(?APP),
-    statsderl_app:start(),
     {ok, Socket} = gen_udp:open(?DEFAULT_PORT, [binary, {active, false}]),
+    timer:sleep(100),
+    statsderl_app:start(),
+    timer:sleep(1000),
     Socket.