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clocks_observer
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/*!
* Marp default theme.
*
* @theme default
* @author Yuki Hattori
*
* @auto-scaling true
* @size 4:3 960px 720px
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- var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%))}div#p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure{all:initial;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;flex:auto;margin:0}div#p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content],div#p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{background:transparent!important}div#p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo],div#p>svg[data-marpit-svg]>foreignObject[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{pointer-events:none!important}div#p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background-split]{width:100%;height:100%}</style></head><body><div class="bespoke-marp-osc"><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="prev" tabindex="-1" title="Previous slide">Previous slide</button><span data-bespoke-marp-osc="page"></span><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="next" tabindex="-1" title="Next 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<h1>Observer in Python</h1>
</section>
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<h1>Goals</h1>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Implement in Python classes <em>analogous</em> to Java's <code>java.util.Observer</code> interface and <code>java.util.Observable</code> abstract class.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>analogous</em> = equivalent functionality, not literal translation, for instance no need of <code>hasChanged(), setChanged()</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Apply them to make desktop clocks that <em>continuously</em> show the time of several world time zones</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1><em>Observer</em> in <code>java.util</code></h1>
<p><img src="observer_java.png" alt="height:350" style="height:350px;" /></p>
<ul>
<li><code>Observable</code> is an abstract class with all these methods implemented</li>
<li>An <code>Observable</code> keeps a list of its observers (composition not shown here)</li>
<li>concrete observables inherit them and don't override them</li>
<li><code>update()</code> is abstract and has to be implemented by concrete observers</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h1><em>Observer</em> in Python</h1>
<p>Implement just this:</p>
<p><img src="observer_python.png" alt="width:1000" style="width:1000px;" /></p>
</section>
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<h1>Code</h1>
<p>We are providing some code that paints these <strong>static</strong> clocks, find it here <a href="https://github.com/mat-cad/clocks_observer">https://github.com/mat-cad/clocks_observer</a></p>
<p><img src="clocks_students.png" alt="width:900" style="width:900px;" /></p>
</section>
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<h2><code>Clock</code></h2>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Clock</span>:</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, period)</span>:</span>
self.timer = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
self.period = period <span class="hljs-comment"># in seconds but can be float < 1.0</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">start</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
self.tick()
<span class="hljs-comment"># moving tick() before start maybe slows down the CPU usage</span>
self.timer = threading.Timer(self.period, self.start)
<span class="hljs-comment"># once we do timer.start(), after period seconds run target</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># function self.start, but since we are inside start() this</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># will be done forever or until we run stop()</span>
self.timer.start()
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">tick</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
self.datetime = datetime.datetime.now()
<span class="hljs-comment"># with attributes year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond</span>
logging.debug(self.datetime)
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
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<h2><code>AnalogClock</code></h2>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">AnalogClock</span>:</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, timezone)</span>:</span>
self.timezone = timezone
self._draw_clock()
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">_draw_clock</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
self.fig = plt.figure(figsize=(<span class="hljs-number">2.7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span>), dpi=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># ...</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># sentences to draw an analog clock = circle + numbers 1..12 + text time zone</span>
self._last_time = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># if new time - last time >= 1 sec, draw the time</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">_draw_time</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, the_time)</span>:</span>
hour = the_time.hour
minute = the_time.minute
second = the_time.second
angles_h = <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * np.pi * hour / <span class="hljs-number">12</span> + <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * np.pi * minute / (<span class="hljs-number">12</span> * <span class="hljs-number">60</span>) \
+ <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * second / (<span class="hljs-number">12</span> * <span class="hljs-number">60</span> * <span class="hljs-number">60</span>) - np.pi / <span class="hljs-number">6.0</span>
angles_m = <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * np.pi * minute / <span class="hljs-number">60</span> + <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * np.pi * second / (<span class="hljs-number">60</span> * <span class="hljs-number">60</span>) \
- np.pi / <span class="hljs-number">6.0</span>
angles_s = <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * np.pi * second / <span class="hljs-number">60</span> - np.pi / <span class="hljs-number">6.0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> line <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> self.ax.get_lines(): line.remove()
self.ax.plot([angles_s, angles_s], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>], color=<span class="hljs-string">"black"</span>, linewidth=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
self.ax.plot([angles_m, angles_m], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.7</span>], color=<span class="hljs-string">"black"</span>, linewidth=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
self.ax.plot([angles_h, angles_h], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.3</span>], color=<span class="hljs-string">"black"</span>, linewidth=<span class="hljs-number">4</span>)
self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
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<h3><code>DigitalClock</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">DigitalClock</span>:</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, timezone)</span>:</span>
self.timezone = timezone
self._draw_clock()
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">_draw_clock</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
self.handler = plt.figure(figsize=(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.5</span>))
plt.axis(<span class="hljs-string">'off'</span>)
plt.axis(<span class="hljs-string">'tight'</span>)
self._first_time = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># if first time, draw the time</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">_draw_time</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, the_time)</span>:</span>
self.handler.clear()
self.handler.text(<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'{:0>2}:{:0>2}'</span>
.format(the_time.hour,
the_time.minute),
fontsize=<span class="hljs-number">48</span>, ha=<span class="hljs-string">'center'</span>, va=<span class="hljs-string">'center'</span>)
name_tz = self.timezone.zone.replace(<span class="hljs-string">'_'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">' '</span>)
self.handler.text(<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.2</span>, name_tz, fontsize=<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, ha=<span class="hljs-string">'center'</span>,
va=<span class="hljs-string">'center'</span>)
self.handler.canvas.draw_idle()
self.handler.show()
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
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<h2>Client</h2>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
clock = Clock(<span class="hljs-number">1.0</span>)
clock.start()
num_clocks = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
timezones = np.random.choice(pytz.common_timezones, num_clocks, replace=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
analog_clocks = []
digital_clocks = []
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_clocks):
tz = pytz.timezone(timezones[i])
analog = AnalogClock(tz)
digital = DigitalClock(tz)
analog_clocks.append(analog)
digital_clocks.append(digital)
<span class="hljs-comment"># <span class="hljs-doctag">TODO:</span> change the following lines</span>
dt = datetime.datetime.now() <span class="hljs-comment"># local date time</span>
analog._draw_time(dt.astimezone(tz)) <span class="hljs-comment"># localized date time</span>
digital._draw_time(dt.astimezone(tz))
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">stop_last_analog_clock</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># TODO</span>
threading.Timer(<span class="hljs-number">10.0</span>, stop_last_analog_clock).start()
<span class="hljs-comment"># after 10 seconds stop the last analog clock</span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
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<p>In your implementation you have to stop the last created analog clock after 10 seconds starting all the clocks.</p>
<p>What does it mean to stop a desktop clock ? To stop updating it.</p>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
<span class="hljs-comment">#...</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">stop_last_analog_clock</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span> <span class="hljs-comment">#TODO</span>
threading.Timer(<span class="hljs-number">10.0</span>, stop_last_analog_clock).start()
<span class="hljs-comment"># after 10 seconds stop the last analog clock</span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-paginate="true" data-marpit-pagination="12" data-marpit-pagination-total="13" style="--paginate:true;">
<p>Note that rightmost analog clock as a different seconds time because I've stopped it.</p>
<p><img src="clocks.png" alt="width:900" style="width:900px;" /></p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-paginate="true" data-marpit-pagination="13" data-marpit-pagination-total="13" style="--paginate:true;">
<h1>Deliverables</h1>
<ul>
<li>Python source code</li>
<li>detailed PlantUML class diagram, having added concrete observers and observables</li>
<li>printscreens / gif to show it works</li>
</ul>
</section>
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