diff --git a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/application/oauth/OAuthUserPersistenceProcessor.java b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/application/oauth/OAuthUserPersistenceProcessor.java
index 03dd0053..41426c66 100644
--- a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/application/oauth/OAuthUserPersistenceProcessor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/application/oauth/OAuthUserPersistenceProcessor.java
@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@
 import life.mosu.mosuserver.domain.user.entity.UserJpaEntity;
 import life.mosu.mosuserver.domain.user.entity.UserRole;
 import life.mosu.mosuserver.domain.user.repository.UserJpaRepository;
+import life.mosu.mosuserver.global.exception.CustomRuntimeException;
+import life.mosu.mosuserver.global.exception.ErrorCode;
 import life.mosu.mosuserver.global.processor.StepProcessor;
 import life.mosu.mosuserver.global.util.PhoneNumberUtil;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
@@ -19,28 +22,32 @@ public class OAuthUserPersistenceProcessor implements StepProcessor<OAuthUserInf
     @Override
     @Transactional
     public UserJpaEntity process(final OAuthUserInfo info) {
-        return userRepository.findByPhoneNumber(info.phoneNumber())
-                .map(existingUser -> {
-                    existingUser.updateOAuthUser(
-                            info.gender(),
-                            info.name(),
-                            PhoneNumberUtil.formatPhoneNumber(info.phoneNumber()),
-                            info.birthDay(),
-                            info.marketingAgreed());
-                    return existingUser;
-                })
-                .orElseGet(() -> {
-                    final UserJpaEntity newUser = UserJpaEntity.builder()
-                            .loginId(info.email())
-                            .gender(info.gender())
-                            .name(info.name())
-                            .birth(info.birthDay())
-                            .phoneNumber(PhoneNumberUtil.formatPhoneNumber(info.phoneNumber()))
-                            .userRole(UserRole.ROLE_PENDING)
-                            .provider(AuthProvider.KAKAO)
-                            .agreedToMarketing(info.marketingAgreed())
-                            .build();
-                    return userRepository.save(newUser);
-                });
+        try {
+            return userRepository.findByPhoneNumber(info.phoneNumber())
+                    .map(existingUser -> {
+                        existingUser.updateOAuthUser(
+                                info.gender(),
+                                info.name(),
+                                PhoneNumberUtil.formatPhoneNumber(info.phoneNumber()),
+                                info.birthDay(),
+                                info.marketingAgreed());
+                        return existingUser;
+                    })
+                    .orElseGet(() -> {
+                        final UserJpaEntity newUser = UserJpaEntity.builder()
+                                .loginId(info.email())
+                                .gender(info.gender())
+                                .name(info.name())
+                                .birth(info.birthDay())
+                                .phoneNumber(PhoneNumberUtil.formatPhoneNumber(info.phoneNumber()))
+                                .userRole(UserRole.ROLE_PENDING)
+                                .provider(AuthProvider.KAKAO)
+                                .agreedToMarketing(info.marketingAgreed())
+                                .build();
+                        return userRepository.save(newUser);
+                    });
+        } catch (DataIntegrityViolationException ex) {
+            throw new CustomRuntimeException(ErrorCode.USER_ALREADY_EXISTS);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/domain/virtualaccount/VirtualAccountLogJpaEntity.java b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/domain/virtualaccount/VirtualAccountLogJpaEntity.java
index 5c9e1468..2bd23ad9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/domain/virtualaccount/VirtualAccountLogJpaEntity.java
+++ b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/domain/virtualaccount/VirtualAccountLogJpaEntity.java
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 import jakarta.persistence.Column;
 import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.EnumType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Enumerated;
 import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
 import jakarta.persistence.Id;
 import jakarta.persistence.Table;
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ public class VirtualAccountLogJpaEntity {
     @Column(name = "customer_email")
     private String customerEmail;
 
-    @Column(name = "deposit_status")
+    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
     private DepositStatus depositStatus = DepositStatus.WAITING;
 
     @Builder(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
diff --git a/src/main/resources/db/migration/V3__alter_deposit_status.sql b/src/main/resources/db/migration/V3__alter_deposit_status.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..438a90d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/resources/db/migration/V3__alter_deposit_status.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ALTER TABLE virtual_account_log
+    DROP COLUMN deposit_status;
+
+ALTER TABLE virtual_account_log
+    ADD deposit_status VARCHAR(255) NULL;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/fixture/UserTestFixture.java b/src/test/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/fixture/UserTestFixture.java
index 9055ca9d..b1610515 100644
--- a/src/test/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/fixture/UserTestFixture.java
+++ b/src/test/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/fixture/UserTestFixture.java
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ public static UserJpaEntity mosu_user() {
                 .phoneNumber(USER_PHONE_NUMBER)
                 .birth(LocalDate.of(2005, 12, 1))
                 .userRole(UserRole.ROLE_USER)
-                .agreedToTermsOfService(true)
-                .agreedToPrivacyPolicy(true)
                 .agreedToMarketing(true)
                 .provider(AuthProvider.MOSU)
                 .build();
@@ -39,8 +37,6 @@ public static UserJpaEntity kakao_user() {
                 .phoneNumber(USER_PHONE_NUMBER)
                 .birth(LocalDate.of(2005, 12, 1))
                 .userRole(UserRole.ROLE_USER)
-                .agreedToTermsOfService(true)
-                .agreedToPrivacyPolicy(true)
                 .agreedToMarketing(true)
                 .provider(AuthProvider.KAKAO)
                 .build();