diff --git a/FinalFile/Reports/report_2022-05-11T17-35-09.zip b/FinalFile/Reports/report_2022-05-11T17-35-09.zip new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9028707 Binary files /dev/null and b/FinalFile/Reports/report_2022-05-11T17-35-09.zip differ diff --git a/FinalFile/new_golden.json b/FinalFile/new_golden.json index 755ca69..b753f45 100644 --- a/FinalFile/new_golden.json +++ b/FinalFile/new_golden.json @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ {"paper": "W2043341864", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V32728137"], "venue_names": ["Chemoecology"], "author_ids": ["A64535558", "A13905832"], "author_names": ["Kai Drilling", "Konrad Dettner"], "reference_ids": ["W1994845043", "W2057051409", "W2093255282", "W2172065685", "W1587433923", "W1993280736", "W831728781", "W1596650083", "W1576856233", "W2041334868", "W1979088433", "W2039059197", "W2173181834", "W2064422895", "W1585267701", "W2322082141", "W2323396228", "W2337422303", "W118734275", "W2133454786", "W2151762775", "W2324957344", "W560021003", "W2076913495", "W2173145972", "W2172786147", "W1743574024", "W2074137748", "W1964037872", "W2119005769", "W2533533349", "W2161568532", "W2016887936", "W2020346828", "W205357303", "W2061718435", "W2117372673", "W1527744912", "W1895994633", "W1970502841", "W1976834820", "W2408487096", "W1585594764", "W1976798110", "W632345739", "W1897275454", "W1986446678", "W1982655943", "W2327604862", "W2002654111", "W2006284647", "W2148192931"], "title": "First insights into the chemical defensive system of the erotylid beetle, Tritoma bipustulata", "abstract": "the present study provides the first insights into the chemical defensive system of the erotylid beetle, tritoma bipustulata, and furthermore reports the previously hardly known ability of abdominal reflex bleeding in this coleopteran family. the defensive chemistry of the secretion of pronotal glands, abdominal reflex blood as well as of the haemolymph were analysed by gc-ms. the different secretions were dominated by aromatic compounds; in addition, we detected alkenes, ketones, organic acids as well as a single sesquiterpene. the majority of these detected compounds had strong antimicrobial properties in microbiological assays with entomopathogenic micro-organisms. in feeding bioassays with ants, only benzyl alcohol, benzothiazole, indole and 3-methylindole, detected in the abdominal reflex blood, were significantly deterrent.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 45, "doi": "10.1007/S00049-010-0054-2", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_microbes", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00049-010-0054-2", "mag_terms": ["abdominal reflex", "hemolymph", "sesquiterpene", "antimicrobial", "indole test", "bioassay", "defence mechanisms", "benzothiazole", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["tritoma bipustulata", "tritoma"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.030303030303030002, 0.030303030303030002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2073913969", "mesh_terms": ["Biocompatible Materials", "Calcium", "Macromolecular Substances", "Protein Multimerization", "Proteins", "Biomimetic Materials", "Calcium", "Proteins"], "venue_ids": ["V147849156"], "venue_names": ["Trends in Biotechnology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Journal of Experimental Botany"], "author_ids": ["A1618939582", "A3216551383", "A2232636763"], "author_names": ["Narendra Tuteja", "Pavan Umate", "Aart J. E. van Bel"], "reference_ids": ["W2125121305", "W2132140653", "W2463076080", "W2109345696", "W2158122569", "W1563197929", "W1977162810", "W1986916539", "W2007551463", "W2095611655", "W2326793848", "W2076495508", "W1993142020", "W2077056852", "W2136355607", "W2041791155", "W2097382368", "W2131130707", "W1971348367", "W2094685020", "W2101814492", "W2181769513", "W2095379475", "W2335506771", "W2160217791", "W2326740165", "W1925288771", "W2017858857", "W2060978901", "W2148449950", "W2095188067", "W2131397184", "W1524893958", "W2019405188", "W2078520770", "W2121713654", "W1978753416", "W2014374638", "W2034432243", "W2043653990", "W2072668964", "W2084974193", "W2153120810", "W2155765399", "W1983933838", "W2106508578", "W1987832296", "W1991521382", "W2018172695", "W2060907625", "W2169616222", "W5787041", "W2030854390", "W1989353678", "W2023896089", "W2051078190", "W2095032129", "W2083874875", "W1982758177", "W2107227867", "W1996584733", "W2036851672", "W2044246133", "W2133812171", "W2140431241", "W615856228", "W2097163346", "W2106110806", "W1999192176", "W2036263230", "W2114264339", "W38505807", "W2058809431"], "title": "Forisomes: calcium-powered protein complexes with potential as \u2018smart\u2019 biomaterials", "abstract": "sieve tubes in legumes contain forisomes, which are spindle-like bodies that are composed of atp-independent, mechanically active proteins. upon injury, forisomes occlude sieve tubes by dispersion and thus, help to prevent loss of nutrient-rich transport sap. forisome enlargement by dispersion is brought about by ca 2+ in vitro , forisomes reversibly disperse and contract in the presence or absence of ca 2+ , respectively, and at distinct phs. recently, forisomes have received renewed attention because of their unique capacity to convert chemical into mechanical energy independent of high-energy organic compounds. forisome-based \u2018smart' materials can be used to produce self-powered monitoring and diagnostic systems. here, we focus on physiological, chemical and physical aspects of forisomes and discuss their potential as biomimetic devices.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 46, "doi": "10.1016/J.TIBTECH.2009.11.005", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "modify/convert_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy", "modify/convert_mechanical_energy", "protect_from_non-living_threats", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_loss_of_liquids", "prevent/allow_deformation", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/fulltext/S0167-7799(09)00218-2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0167779909002182%3Fshowall%3Dtrue", "mag_terms": ["forisome", "sieve tube element", "biophysics", "calcium", "chemistry", "nanotechnology", "diagnostic system", "longitudinal contraction"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2063851186", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V118554560"], "venue_names": ["Botany", "Canadian Journal of Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2277218062"], "author_names": ["Harold J. Brodie"], "reference_ids": ["W2079417845"], "title": "THE SPLASH-CUP DISPERSAL MECHANISM IN PLANTS", "abstract": "the late prof. a. h. r. buller regarded certain cup-shaped reproductive bodies found among cryptogams as splash-cups which make use of the energy of raindrops for the dispersal of spores, sperms,...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 47, "doi": "10.1139/B51-022", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["distribute_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/b51-022", "mag_terms": ["biological dispersal", "splash", "spore", "mechanism", "ecology", "botany", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W1983825491", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V157690423", "V157690423"], "venue_names": ["Animal Behaviour", "Animal Behaviour", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2304314221", "A2289288284", "A210621136", "A2137743605"], "author_names": ["Samuel L. D\u00edaz-Mu\u00f1oz", "Emily H. DuVal", "Alan H. Krakauer", "Eileen A. Lacey"], "reference_ids": ["W2011100961", "W2025056689", "W2123747238", "W2138559331", "W1654117318", "W1970562126", "W1980811904", "W2095954072", "W2097162368", "W2104949830", "W2141900084", "W2157731307", "W2322323330", "W1590141123", "W2009503089", "W2106870040", "W2319477115", "W2027396358", "W2042003099", "W2079875034", "W2114773714", "W2142283869", "W2151488038", "W1963835916", "W1971237637", "W3046178778", "W600452792", "W1977320179", "W1992642329", "W2049578724", "W2062996154", "W2105604323", "W642065392", "W1661459374", "W1982936563", "W2151228900", "W2159644159", "W1826922928", "W2044958380", "W2059157147", "W2090483015", "W2128764864", "W2157841143", "W2105709663", "W2149073732", "W2029194695", "W2069209734", "W2158312186", "W1527955653", "W1968636713", "W2010525759", "W2031758012", "W2061999489", "W2091711218", "W2104566876", "W2332429731", "W1982499073", "W2013753192", "W2031284559", "W2038414255", "W2045318597", "W2056100781", "W2161339257", "W1976276116", "W2021612866", "W2063726219", "W2167939821", "W1490421035", "W1976744231", "W2017724445", "W2046488816", "W2071314667", "W2105304937", "W1976315726", "W2003285009", "W2068765628", "W2150116427", "W1969153009", "W2133059342", "W2147112701", "W2164847297", "W2009595859", "W2014426521", "W2084541305", "W2150112728", "W1975934739", "W2080743439", "W1970635360", "W2035314085", "W2070152230", "W2115430309", "W2138077276", "W2143431308", "W2312772291", "W10434992", "W1592778885", "W1992794698", "W2148540530", "W2155742015", "W2169667084", "W1643358365", "W2073551490", "W2115106965", "W2136480958", "W1671109443", "W2032090023", "W2122039820", "W2142897930", "W2153972485", "W2323845649", "W1528057881", "W2027967108", "W2036802833", "W2053887416", "W2085016509", "W2085774421", "W2161899020", "W1988101007", "W2095614326", "W2101491392", "W2115493532", "W2144816699", "W2150003278", "W2335333427", "W2495035089", "W1977852799", "W1993450397", "W2075089101", "W2130014882", "W2322225309", "W1964459693", "W1971889083", "W2006002413", "W2079069899", "W2080189474", "W2089686893", "W2106224251", "W2157446302", "W2044923973", "W2057892818", "W2097212865", "W2159004050", "W1979421685", "W1998024107", "W2003641941", "W2006062753", "W2032327443", "W2037633076", "W2043827317", "W2046146343", "W2050580863", "W2063792498", "W2087791132", "W2135996415", "W2152926563", "W2163601581", "W2164983571", "W2005911374", "W2054619116", "W2184450997", "W2461049324", "W2551721116", "W2093095968", "W2169022738", "W2037937930", "W2168677479"], "title": "Cooperating to compete: altruism, sexual selection and causes of male reproductive cooperation", "abstract": "competition among males for access to reproductive opportunities is a central tenet of behavioural biology that has critical implications for studies of mating systems, sexual selection and the evolution of numerous phenotypic traits. given the expectation that males should compete vigorously for access to females, it may at first seem paradoxical that males in some species cooperate to reproduce, often resulting in the apparent sacrifice of direct fitness by some members of these cooperative partnerships. because this form of cooperation lies at the interface between natural, sexual and kin selection, studies of the adaptive consequences of male reproductive cooperation may yield important insights into how complex and sometimes conflicting selective pressures shape individual behaviour. here, we define and review examples of reproductive cooperation among male animals. we take an integrative approach to reviewing the potential causes of maleemale cooperation, including potential adaptive hypotheses, ecological correlates, phylogenetic patterns and physiological mechanisms. the impact of male reproductive cooperation on sexual selection theory is also discussed. we conclude by outlining several important directions for future research, including efforts to improve understanding of the ecological and demographic contexts in which male reproductive cooperation occurs. collectively, such analyses promise to improve our understanding of multiple fundamental concepts in evolutionary biology. 2013 the authors. published on behalf of the association for the study of animal behaviour by elsevier ltd. all rights reserved.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.11.008", "petalID": 48, "doi": "10.1016/J.ANBEHAV.2013.11.008", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347213005162", "mag_terms": ["sexual selection", "kin selection", "altruism", "mating system", "cooperative breeding", "social psychology", "competition", "communication", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W1983825491", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V157690423", "V157690423"], "venue_names": ["Animal Behaviour", "Animal Behaviour", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2304314221", "A2289288284", "A210621136", "A2137743605"], "author_names": ["Samuel L. D\u00edaz-Mu\u00f1oz", "Emily H. DuVal", "Alan H. Krakauer", "Eileen A. Lacey"], "reference_ids": ["W2011100961", "W2025056689", "W2123747238", "W2138559331", "W1654117318", "W1970562126", "W1980811904", "W2095954072", "W2097162368", "W2104949830", "W2141900084", "W2157731307", "W2322323330", "W1590141123", "W2009503089", "W2106870040", "W2319477115", "W2027396358", "W2042003099", "W2079875034", "W2114773714", "W2142283869", "W2151488038", "W1963835916", "W1971237637", "W3046178778", "W600452792", "W1977320179", "W1992642329", "W2049578724", "W2062996154", "W2105604323", "W642065392", "W1661459374", "W1982936563", "W2151228900", "W2159644159", "W1826922928", "W2044958380", "W2059157147", "W2090483015", "W2128764864", "W2157841143", "W2105709663", "W2149073732", "W2029194695", "W2069209734", "W2158312186", "W1527955653", "W1968636713", "W2010525759", "W2031758012", "W2061999489", "W2091711218", "W2104566876", "W2332429731", "W1982499073", "W2013753192", "W2031284559", "W2038414255", "W2045318597", "W2056100781", "W2161339257", "W1976276116", "W2021612866", "W2063726219", "W2167939821", "W1490421035", "W1976744231", "W2017724445", "W2046488816", "W2071314667", "W2105304937", "W1976315726", "W2003285009", "W2068765628", "W2150116427", "W1969153009", "W2133059342", "W2147112701", "W2164847297", "W2009595859", "W2014426521", "W2084541305", "W2150112728", "W1975934739", "W2080743439", "W1970635360", "W2035314085", "W2070152230", "W2115430309", "W2138077276", "W2143431308", "W2312772291", "W10434992", "W1592778885", "W1992794698", "W2148540530", "W2155742015", "W2169667084", "W1643358365", "W2073551490", "W2115106965", "W2136480958", "W1671109443", "W2032090023", "W2122039820", "W2142897930", "W2153972485", "W2323845649", "W1528057881", "W2027967108", "W2036802833", "W2053887416", "W2085016509", "W2085774421", "W2161899020", "W1988101007", "W2095614326", "W2101491392", "W2115493532", "W2144816699", "W2150003278", "W2335333427", "W2495035089", "W1977852799", "W1993450397", "W2075089101", "W2130014882", "W2322225309", "W1964459693", "W1971889083", "W2006002413", "W2079069899", "W2080189474", "W2089686893", "W2106224251", "W2157446302", "W2044923973", "W2057892818", "W2097212865", "W2159004050", "W1979421685", "W1998024107", "W2003641941", "W2006062753", "W2032327443", "W2037633076", "W2043827317", "W2046146343", "W2050580863", "W2063792498", "W2087791132", "W2135996415", "W2152926563", "W2163601581", "W2164983571", "W2005911374", "W2054619116", "W2184450997", "W2461049324", "W2551721116", "W2093095968", "W2169022738", "W2037937930", "W2168677479"], "title": "Cooperating to compete: altruism, sexual selection and causes of male reproductive cooperation", "abstract": "competition among males for access to reproductive opportunities is a central tenet of behavioural biology that has critical implications for studies of mating systems, sexual selection and the evolution of numerous phenotypic traits. given the expectation that males should compete vigorously for access to females, it may at first seem paradoxical that males in some species cooperate to reproduce, often resulting in the apparent sacrifice of direct fitness by some members of these cooperative partnerships. because this form of cooperation lies at the interface between natural, sexual and kin selection, studies of the adaptive consequences of male reproductive cooperation may yield important insights into how complex and sometimes conflicting selective pressures shape individual behaviour. here, we define and review examples of reproductive cooperation among male animals. we take an integrative approach to reviewing the potential causes of maleemale cooperation, including potential adaptive hypotheses, ecological correlates, phylogenetic patterns and physiological mechanisms. the impact of male reproductive cooperation on sexual selection theory is also discussed. we conclude by outlining several important directions for future research, including efforts to improve understanding of the ecological and demographic contexts in which male reproductive cooperation occurs. collectively, such analyses promise to improve our understanding of multiple fundamental concepts in evolutionary biology. 2013 the authors. published on behalf of the association for the study of animal behaviour by elsevier ltd. all rights reserved.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.11.008", "petalID": 48, "doi": "10.1016/J.ANBEHAV.2013.11.008", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "manage_populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347213005162", "mag_terms": ["sexual selection", "kin selection", "altruism", "mating system", "cooperative breeding", "social psychology", "competition", "communication", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2147898017", "mesh_terms": ["Sharks", "Tail", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Hydrodynamics", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Sharks", "Swimming", "Tail", "Water Movements"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A325238391", "A313239152", "A2697607061", "A2105506435"], "author_names": ["Brooke E. Flammang", "George V. Lauder", "Daniel R. Troolin", "Tyson Strand"], "reference_ids": ["W1973633403", "W2018248239", "W2104820300", "W2154654967", "W2168736991", "W1837141699", "W2123142369", "W2124673069", "W2055346804", "W2183172413", "W2029980267", "W2117829254", "W2098319451", "W2133681849", "W2159933015", "W2142875600", "W2128346910", "W2154159138", "W2025555745", "W2100134790", "W2101953801", "W2117726939", "W2160139795", "W2161712951", "W2083120813", "W1928553529", "W2047561018", "W2064210308", "W2144814097", "W2103068281", "W2125402108", "W2296527531", "W1982757730", "W2009826908", "W2185038386", "W1996001490", "W2141465908", "W2160963560", "W2016078606", "W2112009694", "W1977794087", "W2097759356", "W1646066485", "W1990099541", "W2136233577", "W1964390367", "W2117129475"], "title": "Volumetric imaging of shark tail hydrodynamics reveals a three-dimensional dual-ring vortex wake structure", "abstract": "understanding how moving organisms generate locomotor forces is fundamental to the analysis of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic flow patterns that are generated during body and appendage oscillation. in the past, this has been accomplished using two-dimensional planar techniques that require reconstruction of three-dimensional flow patterns. we have applied a new, fully three-dimensional, volumetric imaging technique that allows instantaneous capture of wake flow patterns, to a classic problem in functional vertebrate biology: the function of the asymmetrical (heterocercal) tail of swimming sharks to capture the vorticity field within the volume swept by the tail. these data were used to test a previous three-dimensional reconstruction of the shark vortex wake estimated from two-dimensional flow analyses, and show that the volumetric approach reveals a different vortex wake not previously reconstructed from two-dimensional slices. the hydrodynamic wake consists of one set of dual-linked vortex rings produced per half tail beat. in addition, we use a simple passive shark-tail model under robotic control to show that the three-dimensional wake flows of the robotic tail differ from the active tail motion of a live shark, suggesting that active control of kinematics and tail stiffness plays a substantial role in the production of wake vortical patterns.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/278/1725/3670.full.pdf", "petalID": 49, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2011.0489", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2011.0489", "mag_terms": ["vortex", "vortex ring", "wake", "vorticity", "aerodynamics", "kinematics", "mechanics", "appendage", "planar", "optics", "physics"], "species": ["sharks"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016129032258064002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2099789305", "mesh_terms": ["Feathers", "Nanofibers", "Spheniscidae", "beta-Keratins", "Animals", "Color", "Feathers", "Feathers", "Microscopy, Electron, Transmission", "Nanofibers", "Spheniscidae", "beta-Keratins"], "venue_ids": ["V153317304"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Biology Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2035216145", "A233996192", "A2202726299", "A2057350056", "A275197779", "A2286897755"], "author_names": ["Liliana D'Alba", "Vinodkumar Saranathan", "Julia A. Clarke", "Jakob Vinther", "Richard O. Prum", "Matthew D. Shawkey"], "reference_ids": ["W2139782007", "W3213660520", "W2136178143", "W2104033469", "W1978671045", "W2054080976", "W1983423761", "W2150601369", "W2043620862", "W2089712921", "W2119547637", "W2121766359"], "title": "Colour-producing \u03b2-keratin nanofibres in blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) feathers", "abstract": "the colours of living organisms are produced by the differential absorption of light by pigments (e.g. carotenoids, melanins) and/or by the physical interactions of light with biological nanostruct...", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3130216?pdf=render", "petalID": 50, "doi": "10.1098/RSBL.2010.1163", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["send_signals", "change_structural_color"], "level3": ["send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1163", "mag_terms": ["eudyptula minor", "feather", "beta keratin", "pigment", "carotenoid", "keratin", "food science", "biology", "differential absorption"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2188910242", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World"], "author_ids": ["A2636439546", "A2108709761"], "author_names": ["Yoshitaka Tanaka", "Mituhiko Hisada"], "reference_ids": ["W2074665172", "W2070890184", "W1918108229", "W1934081562", "W2314784172", "W2105595651", "W1968668529", "W1997339002", "W2166481314", "W2320093951", "W2133859813", "W2591533142", "W1779131148", "W2004473234", "W2081850166", "W1941538919", "W2107794468"], "title": "THE HYDRAULIC MECHANISM OF THE PREDATORY STRIKE IN DRAGONFLY LARVAE", "abstract": "1. aeschna larvae catch prey with a fast-moving elongated labium. the mechanism of this movement was analysed by high-speed cinematographs and by hydrostatic and electrophysiological measurements.\n\n2. - 2. the strike movement consists of an initial, mid and late phase. the angular acceleration of the joints of the labium is 2\u00b76 \u00d7 105 and 7\u00b78 \u00d7 105 deg\u00b7s\u22122 during the initial and mid phase respectively. the torque necessary for the acceleration was calculated to be 1\u00b73 \u00d7 10\u22125 and 4\u00b70 \u00d7 10\u22125 n.m for the initial and mid-phases respectively.\n\n3. - 3. the relation between the pressure applied to the labium and the extension torque at the joints has been established. no torque develops about the postmentum-prementum joint as long as the click of the flexed labium is engaged.\n\n4. - 4. the power production of the extensor muscles is less than the power output of the mid phase. the power for the mid phase is derived from the internal body pressure developed by the contraction of the abdominal dorsoventral muscles. the required pressure for the mid phase is about 60 cmh2o if the resistance is neglected and 80 cmh2o when the resistance is considered.\n\n5. - 5. abdominal dorso-ventral muscles contract 110\u2013500 ms before the onset of the strike and the body pressure of the animal increases to a peak of 40\u2013120 cmh2o at the onset of the strike.\n\n6. - 6. the geometry of the labial joints gives the primary flexor muscles of the labium a large mechanical advantage over the extensor muscles in the fully flexed labium, and allows the extensor muscles to contract almost isometrically.\n\n7. - 7. the extensor muscles and the primary flexor muscles co-contract for 75\u2013100 ms before the strike. the strike movement begins when the flexor muscles relax. the stored energy in the extensor system is released suddenly and disengages the click producing the initial phase. once the click is disengaged the internal pressure produces the large torque to move the labium with great acceleration during the mid phase.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 51, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.88.1.1", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_mechanical_energy", "active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/88/1/1", "mag_terms": ["mechanical advantage", "angular acceleration", "internal pressure", "torque", "anatomy", "geology", "initial phase", "late phase", "power output", "stored energy"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, @@ -98,17 +98,17 @@ {"paper": "W2140116029", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V32610980"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Experimental Botany", "AIP Conference Proceedings", "Nature", "RSC Advances"], "author_ids": ["A2084787029", "A2669733995", "A2151932016"], "author_names": ["A.R. Ennos", "H\u2010Ch. Spatz", "Th. Speck"], "reference_ids": ["W2061126339", "W2089789986", "W2157484092", "W1972982216", "W2087740116", "W359853262", "W2523293012", "W2181441526", "W2135279699", "W2324577572", "W1471670458", "W2042844965", "W2027571869"], "title": "The functional morphology of the petioles of the banana, Musa textilis.", "abstract": "bananas are among the largest herbs in the world and their lightweight petioles hold up huge leaves. this study examined how the petioles manage to achieve adequate rigidity to do this, while allowing extensive and reversible reconfiguration in high winds. morphological and anatomical examination of the petioles and leaves of musa textilis suggested how these two apparently incompatible abilities are achieved. the hollow u-shaped section of the petiole and the longitudinal strengthening elements in its outer skin give it adequate rigidity, while its ventral curvature help support the leaf without the need for thick lateral veins. these features, however, also allow the petiole to reconfigure by twisting away from the wind, while the leaf can fold away. in addition, two sets of internal structures, longitudinal partitions and transverse stellate parenchyma plates, help prevent dorsoventral flattening, allowing the petiole to flex further away from the wind without buckling. these ideas were tested and verified by a range of mechanical tests. simple four-point-bending and torsion tests showed that the petioles are indeed far more compliant in torsion than in bending. axial bending tests and crushing tests showed that petioles could be flexed twice as far and were four times as resistant to dorsoventral flattening when intact than when the internal tissue is removed. the banana petiole, therefore, seems to be an excellent example of natural integrated mechanical design.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-pdf/51/353/2085/18026041/512085.pdf", "petalID": 96, "doi": "10.1039/C3RA41096J", "level1": ["modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["change_structural_color"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/ra/c3ra41096j#!divAbstract", "mag_terms": ["structural coloration", "iridescence", "diffraction grating", "camouflage", "photonic crystal", "scattering", "interference", "incoherent scatter", "optics", "materials science"], "species": ["banana", "musa textilis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.032786885245901, 0.016393442622950002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2346639688", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "Journal of Experimental Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2589305324", "A2983390393", "A2537424125"], "author_names": ["Malcolm S. Gordon", "Knut Schmidt-Nielsen", "Hamilton M. Kelly"], "reference_ids": ["W2281783851", "W1974268027", "W1980699921", "W2336460534", "W2074299829", "W2069136011", "W68201349", "W2172002615", "W2344107920", "W2009757926", "W2547429650", "W3142678004", "W1992883289", "W2414283248", "W2527190134", "W1523756613", "W42407483", "W2076990220", "W2047658536", "W2330874322", "W1995352614", "W2205381995", "W2322938843", "W1992500898", "W2743786737", "W183914160", "W2077839438", "W2099962365", "W2415391339"], "title": "Osmotic Regulation in the Crab-Eating Frog ( Rana Cancrivora )", "abstract": "1. the osmotic and ionic regulatory abilities of adults of the euryhaline crab-eating frog ( rana cancrivora ) have been studied. adult frogs tolerated environmental salinities as high as 28\u2030 at 30\u00b0c. tadpoles of this form tolerated salinities as high as 39%\u2030 at the same temperature. and the elasmo-branch fishes is discussed, as are various possible implications of our data regarding nitrogen metabolism in tadpoles and kidney function in adult frogs.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 97, "doi": "10.1093/JEXBOT/51.353.2085", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_wind"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11141182/", "mag_terms": ["petiole", "musa textilis", "rigidity", "flattening", "anatomy", "mathematics", "functional morphology", "mechanical design"], "species": ["amphibians", "crab-eating frog", "tiger", "fish", "frogs", "fishes", "tiger frog"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010101010101010001, 0.010101010101010001, 0.020202020202020003, 0.010101010101010001, 0.040404040404040005, 0.010101010101010001, 0.010101010101010001], "relative_relevancy": [0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.25, 1.0, 0.25, 0.25]}, {"paper": "W2030670058", "mesh_terms": ["Biological Assay", "Laboratories", "Lettuce", "Soil", "Tyrosine", "Carbon", "Carbon", "Carbon", "Fertilization", "Lettuce", "Lettuce", "Nitrogen", "Nitrogen", "Nitrogen", "Pheromones", "Pheromones", "Time Factors", "Tyrosine", "Tyrosine"], "venue_ids": ["V134698528"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Chemical Ecology", "The Biology of Mangroves and Seagrasses", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2107635882", "A2570215111", "A2496099982", "A113528398", "A2232504888"], "author_names": ["Cecile Bertin", "Roselee Harmon", "Mia Akaogi", "Jeffrey D. Weidenhamer", "Leslie A. Weston"], "reference_ids": ["W108128063", "W566358944", "W2055355837", "W2170521916", "W2134602538", "W2022215710", "W2137172667", "W2132662840", "W2144530736", "W1850622844", "W2109945014", "W1982284003", "W2042191025", "W2087230123", "W2162295676", "W645766693", "W2088408586", "W2011260332", "W2113782837", "W2084230972", "W2253985254", "W274521645", "W1996821089", "W129174936"], "title": "Assessment of the phytotoxic potential of m-tyrosine in laboratory soil bioassays.", "abstract": "the significance of soil-allelochemical interactions was addressed in this paper through studies conducted with m-tyrosine, an amino acid analogue and a potent plant growth inhibitor, in a series of laboratory assays performed in field soil or growth media. the studies were performed as a basis for further evaluation of m-tyrosine activity in field soils containing living plant roots. here, we examined the role of common soil amendments, including ammonium nitrate fertilizer and activated carbon, in overcoming plant growth inhibition in soils in a laboratory setting by using lettuce as a sensitive indicator of plant toxicity. the phytotoxicity of m-tyrosine was not influenced significantly by soil n amendment; however, when significant amounts of activated carbon were added to the soil medium, growth inhibition in treated lettuce seedlings was strongly reduced. soil texture did not influence the bioavailability or activity of m-tyrosine, as activity in high organic growth media was similar to that of sand and soil mixtures. similar to other purported allelochemicals, soil persistence of m-tyrosine was limited, with a predicted half life of less than 1 day in soil in a controlled laboratory setting. rapid degradation of this molecule likely was due to microbial activity but degradation did not appear to be influenced significantly by soil n amendment. given the observed activity of m-tyrosine in soil and growth media on seedling growth, potential may exist for development of m-tyrosine as a soil applied herbicide if formulations can be stabilized under soil conditions.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 98, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.38.3.659", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_loss_of_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/38/3/659", "mag_terms": ["euryhaline", "crab eating frog", "inorganic ions", "urea", "salinity", "animal science", "ecology", "biology", "body weight", "plasma concentration", "rana cancrivora"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2011556452", "mesh_terms": ["Dihydroxyphenylalanine", "Ferric Compounds", "Mytilus", "Proteins", "Animal Structures", "Animal Structures", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Chemical Phenomena", "Dihydroxyphenylalanine", "Ferric Compounds", "Hardness", "Iron", "Iron", "Models, Biological", "Mytilus", "Mytilus", "Proteins", "Proteins", "Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid", "Spectrum Analysis, Raman"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Journal of Chemical Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2119298359", "A2148316037", "A1968106117", "A2096993431", "A300264640"], "author_names": ["Matthew J. Harrington", "Admir Masic", "Niels Holten-Andersen", "J. Herbert Waite", "Peter Fratzl"], "reference_ids": ["W2122341187", "W2147145721", "W2080070452", "W1995955462", "W2088678572", "W1984243079", "W2017941524", "W2019429562", "W1979954506", "W2117503354", "W2027692707", "W2158541730", "W2079219776", "W2079897195", "W2047803126", "W2172194338", "W2163787276", "W2078630737", "W2153027939", "W2044053136", "W2042132472", "W2059805184", "W2088270783", "W1967016453", "W2154577831", "W2287142621", "W2071311986", "W2092900937"], "title": "Iron-Clad Fibers: A Metal-Based Biological Strategy for Hard Flexible Coatings", "abstract": "the extensible byssal threads of marine mussels are shielded from abrasion in wave-swept habitats by an outer cuticle that is largely proteinaceous and approximately fivefold harder than the thread core. threads from several species exhibit granular cuticles containing a protein that is rich in the catecholic amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) as well as inorganic ions, notably fe3+. granular cuticles exhibit a remarkable combination of high hardness and high extensibility. we explored byssus cuticle chemistry by means of in situ resonance raman spectroscopy and demonstrated that the cuticle is a polymeric scaffold stabilized by catecholato-iron chelate complexes having an unusual clustered distribution. consistent with byssal cuticle chemistry and mechanics, we present a model in which dense cross-linking in the granules provides hardness, whereas the less cross-linked matrix provides extensibility.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3087814?pdf=render", "petalID": 99, "doi": "10.1007/S10886-009-9707-4", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "manage populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_plants"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10886-009-9707-4", "mag_terms": ["soil organic matter", "soil conditioner", "soil test", "soil texture", "soil water", "phytotoxicity", "fertilizer", "allelopathy", "agronomy", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2011556452", "mesh_terms": ["Dihydroxyphenylalanine", "Ferric Compounds", "Mytilus", "Proteins", "Animal Structures", "Animal Structures", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Chemical Phenomena", "Dihydroxyphenylalanine", "Ferric Compounds", "Hardness", "Iron", "Iron", "Models, Biological", "Mytilus", "Mytilus", "Proteins", "Proteins", "Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid", "Spectrum Analysis, Raman"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Journal of Chemical Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2119298359", "A2148316037", "A1968106117", "A2096993431", "A300264640"], "author_names": ["Matthew J. Harrington", "Admir Masic", "Niels Holten-Andersen", "J. Herbert Waite", "Peter Fratzl"], "reference_ids": ["W2122341187", "W2147145721", "W2080070452", "W1995955462", "W2088678572", "W1984243079", "W2017941524", "W2019429562", "W1979954506", "W2117503354", "W2027692707", "W2158541730", "W2079219776", "W2079897195", "W2047803126", "W2172194338", "W2163787276", "W2078630737", "W2153027939", "W2044053136", "W2042132472", "W2059805184", "W2088270783", "W1967016453", "W2154577831", "W2287142621", "W2071311986", "W2092900937"], "title": "Iron-Clad Fibers: A Metal-Based Biological Strategy for Hard Flexible Coatings", "abstract": "the extensible byssal threads of marine mussels are shielded from abrasion in wave-swept habitats by an outer cuticle that is largely proteinaceous and approximately fivefold harder than the thread core. threads from several species exhibit granular cuticles containing a protein that is rich in the catecholic amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) as well as inorganic ions, notably fe3+. granular cuticles exhibit a remarkable combination of high hardness and high extensibility. we explored byssus cuticle chemistry by means of in situ resonance raman spectroscopy and demonstrated that the cuticle is a polymeric scaffold stabilized by catecholato-iron chelate complexes having an unusual clustered distribution. consistent with byssal cuticle chemistry and mechanics, we present a model in which dense cross-linking in the granules provides hardness, whereas the less cross-linked matrix provides extensibility.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3087814?pdf=render", "petalID": 99, "doi": "10.1007/S10886-009-9707-4", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_plants"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10886-009-9707-4", "mag_terms": ["soil organic matter", "soil conditioner", "soil test", "soil texture", "soil water", "phytotoxicity", "fertilizer", "allelopathy", "agronomy", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W86187136", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V130536152"], "venue_names": ["Cellulose", "Journal of Structural Biology", "Biophysical Journal", "Science", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World"], "author_ids": ["A2577031712", "A2127106243", "A1929863174", "A3169887328", "A2123836249"], "author_names": ["Jun-ichi Azuma", "Nam-Hun Kim", "Laurent Heux", "Roger Vuong", "Henri Chanzy"], "reference_ids": ["W2084053592", "W1524103037", "W2109401564", "W1987447575", "W2011610283", "W2068704483", "W2012797335", "W2076782233", "W2045300033", "W2086514413", "W2077393490", "W2008602543", "W1974863891", "W2072029917"], "title": "The cellulose system in viscin from mistletoe berries", "abstract": "the cellulose system of the viscous fibrous cellulosic polysaccharide (viscan) in the viscin tissue of the european mistletoe, viscum album l., was analyzed by chemical and physicochemical techniques including sugar analysis, optical and transmission electron microscopy, x-ray and electron diffraction together with solid state cp/mas 13c-nmr spectroscopy. the results confirmed that in the elongated thin viscin cells, the cellulose microfibrils (having a diameter of around 3 nm) were tightly coiled with their axes perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. upon stretching these cells became deformed by more than a hundred fold. in such a deformation, the cellulose microfibrils became unwound to be perfectly aligned along the stretching direction. based on solid-state cp/mas 13c-nmr spectroscopic analysis of the viscin tissue, it was found that its cellulose consisted of i\u03b1 and i\u03b2 polymorphs in the ratio 1:1.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 100, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1181044", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["manage_stress/strain", "regulate_wear", "prevent/allow_deformation"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5975/216", "mag_terms": ["cuticle", "byssus", "abrasion", "matrix", "chemical engineering", "chemistry", "biochemistry", "a protein", "ferric compounds", "physicochemical processes", "polymeric scaffold"], "species": ["european mistletoe", "viscum album"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.024390243902439], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2239557080", "mesh_terms": ["Body Temperature Regulation", "Ear, External", "Algorithms", "Animals", "Ear, External", "Male", "Rabbits", "Spectrophotometry, Infrared", "Thermography", "Thermography"], "venue_ids": ["V59702976"], "venue_names": ["American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2633975004", "A2638830076"], "author_names": ["F. S. Mohler", "J. E. Heath"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "Comparison of IR thermography and thermocouple measurement of heat loss from rabbit pinna", "abstract": "the temperature of the pinnae of male new zealand white rabbits was measured by use of infrared thermography. at ambient temperatures of 15, 20, and 25 degrees c, the average pinna temperatures were 23.0, 28.7, and 36.2 degrees c, respectively. from these temperatures, average heat loss from the total pinna surface area was calculated to be 2.8, 3.3, and 4.4 w, respectively. preoptic temperature changes also affect the vasomotor state of the rabbit. at an ambient temperature of 20 degrees c, cooling the preoptic area of the rabbit by approximately 1 degree c resulted in an average pinna temperature of 26.5 degrees c and a heat loss of 2.4 w. heating the preoptic area by approximately 1 degree c resulted in an average pinna temperature of 33.5 degrees c and a heat loss of 5.4 w. finally, pinna temperatures were measured by use of a thermocouple and infrared thermography simultaneously. when the pinnae were vasodilated, the thermocouple measurements were consistently higher than the pinna surface temperatures measured thermographically. when the pinnae were vasoconstricted, the thermocouple measurements were consistently lower than the pinna surface temperatures measured thermographically. the discrepancy between the two methods of measurement is discussed.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 101, "doi": "10.1023/A:1009223730317", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "attach"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "attach_permanently"], "level3": ["regulate_wear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1009223730317", "mag_terms": ["cellulose", "polysaccharide", "transmission electron microscopy", "electron diffraction", "viscum album", "crystallography", "composite material", "materials science", "long axis", "solid state"], "species": ["rabbits", "rabbit"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018518518518518, 0.055555555555555004], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1977854008", "mesh_terms": ["Air", "Ferns", "Plant Leaves", "Water", "Ferns", "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "Materials Testing", "Plant Leaves", "Water", "Wettability"], "venue_ids": ["V99352657"], "venue_names": ["Advanced Materials", "Science", "Journal of Mammalogy", "American Journal of Physiology", "Biophysical Journal"], "author_ids": ["A617211929", "A2144975556", "A2029671912", "A2126580780", "A2147598692", "A1974498310", "A3130484357", "A2119292521", "A280681238", "A1969640691", "A2029711279"], "author_names": ["Wilhelm Barthlott", "Thomas Schimmel", "Sabine Wiersch", "Kerstin Koch", "Martin Brede", "Matthias Barczewski", "Stefan Walheim", "Aaron Weis", "Anke Kaltenmaier", "Alfred Leder", "Holger F. Bohn"], "reference_ids": ["W2062638511", "W2076990164", "W1974215617", "W2077865929", "W2118944048", "W2496653890", "W2063822786", "W2077107774", "W2035310743", "W2158401490", "W2152123134", "W1990337245", "W2031703093", "W2078610849", "W2118166595", "W2211828850", "W2053625986", "W1998363895", "W2035733683", "W1984438777", "W2030248190", "W2065866939", "W2024730326", "W2045631808", "W2039542306", "W2022461459"], "title": "The salvinia paradox: superhydrophobic surfaces with hydrophilic pins for air retention under water.", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 102, "doi": "10.1152/AJPREGU.1988.254.2.R389", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3344842/", "mag_terms": ["pinna", "thermography", "thermocouple", "degree", "thermoregulation", "analytical chemistry", "anatomy", "chemistry", "heat losses", "ir thermography", "pinna surface"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2055844707", "mesh_terms": ["Ants", "Biological Evolution", "Ecosystem", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "Symbiosis", "Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena", "Animals", "Ants", "Symbiosis"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V58631098", "V58631098"], "venue_names": ["New Phytologist", "New Phytologist", "Advanced Materials", "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science"], "author_ids": ["A2165150752", "A1793161582", "A2811043409", "A1537214687"], "author_names": ["Veronika Mayer", "Megan E. Frederickson", "Doyle McKey", "Rumsa\u00efs Blatrix"], "reference_ids": ["W2082464964", "W2159519353", "W2166229030", "W1525044524", "W2005036063", "W2025884602", "W2331670874", "W2621086798", "W2042294325", "W2066989804", "W2086857698", "W2127657748", "W2130357754", "W2151428743", "W1900040508", "W2059012984", "W2082947211", "W2097159115", "W2111380189", "W2127943304", "W2140035121", "W2147490127", "W1545853817", "W2024791126", "W2053566953", "W2075948023", "W2087576782", "W2037978051", "W2061674807", "W2105600195", "W2127312978", "W1954974518", "W1972200913", "W2068766037", "W2098745847", "W2106219219", "W2119598981", "W2145376460", "W2152485809", "W1974316530", "W2002366700", "W2035113509", "W2137147477", "W2155026826", "W2170575927", "W1597840925", "W1973762966", "W1999916297", "W2018112620", "W2047140346", "W2115644576", "W2142771584", "W1972376748", "W1973566277", "W2040336455", "W2046363742", "W2058521172", "W2067925469", "W2085070954", "W2123755200", "W2145132393", "W2129025129", "W2157131981", "W1520581468", "W1984780026", "W1996990047", "W2006145603", "W2098000995", "W2125428641", "W2142842875", "W1749927401", "W1848664357", "W2094909402", "W2096482210", "W2135850126", "W2137714402", "W2150285269", "W2175815646", "W1963661852", "W2015372938", "W2146260356", "W2185248142", "W2315421586", "W2078044127", "W2123376654", "W2262050179", "W1970181030", "W2001318553", "W2007395356", "W2146459993", "W2166954425", "W2331267799", "W1965405243", "W2080874898", "W2137006229", "W2256135240", "W2769331648", "W2035846490", "W2091586608", "W2108953299", "W1565681752", "W1951730266", "W1984412452", "W2100013772", "W2144897832", "W2156699766", "W2168285923", "W1487252701", "W1609270880", "W2081032159", "W2120978455", "W2121606158", "W2124926638", "W2127817933", "W2135324161", "W1967274253", "W2005972009", "W2010727650", "W2076574178", "W2105788569", "W2127344900", "W2154115813", "W2018849854", "W2044715032", "W2047952771", "W2057633388", "W2146427185", "W2620566347", "W1544587822", "W2125060531", "W2170486885", "W2057070935", "W2057776516", "W2112206549", "W2143988286", "W1559407694", "W1915482485", "W2017518956", "W2045931798", "W2059137227", "W2134635027", "W2139143374", "W2142934198", "W2005231259", "W2116979541", "W2127776188", "W2157672084", "W2170065566", "W2497491720", "W1979968940", "W2016598436", "W2043739372", "W2050754731", "W2086694634", "W2097462198", "W2134215735", "W2170289272", "W2322807082", "W1575879609", "W2021080256", "W2151953540", "W2116736453", "W1983935822", "W2016636298", "W2110770504", "W2122968329", "W2135768292", "W2338125593", "W207388113", "W1748712848", "W2017168973", "W2040269786", "W2132962075", "W2159449216", "W2166488044"], "title": "Current issues in the evolutionary ecology of ant-plant symbioses.", "abstract": "'summary'\t749\t\r\ni.\t'introduction'\t749\t\r\nii.\t'nutritional ecology'\t750\t\r\niii.\t'cooperation and conflict in ant\u2013plant symbioses'\t754\t\r\niv.\t'ant\u2013plant symbioses in a changing world'\t758\t\r\nv.\t'prospects'\t759\t\r\n\u00a0\t'acknowledgements'\t760\t\r\n\u00a0\treferences\t761\t\r\n\r\n\r\nsummary\r\nant\u2013plant symbioses involve plants that provide hollow structures specialized for housing ants and often food to ants. in return, the inhabiting ants protect plants against herbivores and sometimes provide them with nutrients. here, we review recent advances in ant\u2013plant symbioses, focusing on three areas. first, the nutritional ecology of plant-ants, which is based not only on plant-derived food rewards, but also on inputs from other symbiotic partners, in particular fungi and possibly bacteria. food and protection are the most important \u2018currencies\u2019 exchanged between partners and they drive the nature and evolution of the relationships. secondly, studies of conflict and cooperation in ant\u2013plant symbioses have contributed key insights into the evolution and maintenance of mutualism, particularly how partner-mediated feedbacks affect the specificity and stability of mutualisms. there is little evidence that mutualistic ants or plants are under selection to cheat, but the costs and benefits of ant\u2013plant interactions do vary with environmental factors, making them vulnerable to natural or anthropogenic environmental change. thus, thirdly, ant\u2013plant symbioses should be considered good models for investigating the effects of global change on the outcome of mutualistic interactions.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nph.12690", "petalID": 103, "doi": "10.1002/ADMA.200904411", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.200904411", "mag_terms": ["salvinia effect", "salvinia", "materials science", "environmental chemistry", "nanotechnology"], "species": ["bacteria", "plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.013888888888888002, 0.041666666666666005], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2920683850", "mesh_terms": ["Anura", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Chytridiomycota", "Lipopeptides", "Peptides, Cyclic", "Skin", "Animals", "Anura", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Chytridiomycota", "Lipopeptides", "Peptides, Cyclic", "Pseudomonas", "Pseudomonas", "Skin", "Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization", "Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization", "Symbiosis", "Symbiosis", "Tandem Mass Spectrometry", "Tandem Mass Spectrometry"], "venue_ids": ["V196734849"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Scientific Reports", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A3082658762", "A2157237848", "A2325193365", "A2507683772", "A1917519824", "A22426078", "A1478187186", "A2118848851"], "author_names": ["Christian Martin H", "Roberto Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez", "Louis-F\u00e9lix Nothias", "Cristopher A. Boya P.", "Laura K. Reinert", "Louise A. Rollins-Smith", "Pieter C. Dorrestein", "Marcelino Guti\u00e9rrez"], "reference_ids": ["W1984331186", "W2138853280", "W2071513599", "W2144803530", "W1998512461", "W2152812649", "W2546443756", "W2735479634", "W2746372146", "W2053098819", "W2037540490", "W2913282162", "W2109538719", "W2108552041", "W2085507541", "W2166501045", "W2335179184", "W1976648974", "W2314322923", "W2555163954", "W2790225116", "W2032873911", "W2168519444", "W1987093788", "W2117555017", "W2482859736", "W2794487633", "W1996843747", "W2020350008", "W2102326747", "W2136506792", "W2767998357", "W2060486005", "W2072639782", "W1977544512", "W2045067168", "W1988433614", "W2126838962", "W2158661194", "W1994542148", "W2036922924", "W2153911335", "W2175348379", "W1997455669", "W2051732031", "W2086701088", "W2145677152", "W2162530050", "W2134122507", "W2047255587", "W2081976099", "W2127647479", "W2155687799", "W2543967261", "W2054449096", "W2131821856", "W1991028549", "W2565949849", "W2071849486", "W2152877976", "W2083796950", "W2089752767", "W2151252713", "W2170286949", "W2132497565", "W2504691963", "W1899039462", "W2078835248", "W2124967403", "W2174055317", "W2806190360", "W2033873153", "W2034652209", "W2137003069", "W1998478208", "W2140383755", "W2013911852", "W2054602599", "W2099951777", "W2463704573", "W2031804914"], "title": "Viscosin-like lipopeptides from frog skin bacteria inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis detected by imaging mass spectrometry and molecular networking.", "abstract": "amphibian populations worldwide have declined and in some cases become extinct due to chytridiomycosis, a pandemic disease caused by the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; however, some species have survived these fungal epidemics. previous studies have suggested that the resistance of these species is due to the presence of cutaneous bacteria producing antifungal metabolites. as our understanding of these metabolites is still limited, we assessed the potential of such compounds against human-relevant fungi such as aspergillus. in this work we isolated 201 bacterial strains from fifteen samples belonging to seven frog species collected in the highlands of panama and tested them against aspergillus fumigatus. among the 29 bacterial isolates that exhibited antifungal activity, pseudomonas cichorii showed the greatest inhibition. to visualize the distribution of compounds and identify them in the inhibition zone produced by p. cichorii, we employed maldi imaging mass spectrometry (maldi ims) and ms/ms molecular networking. we identified viscosin and massetolides a, f, g and h in the inhibition zone. furthermore, viscosin was isolated and evaluated in vitro against a. fumigatus and b. dendrobatidis showing mic values of 62.50\u2009\u00b5g/ml and 31.25\u2009\u00b5g/ml, respectively. this is the first report of cyclic depsipeptides with antifungal activity isolated from frog cutaneous bacteria.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39583-7.pdf", "petalID": 104, "doi": "10.1111/NPH.12690", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12690", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "evolutionary ecology", "myrmecophyte", "coevolution", "herbivore", "environmental change", "ecology", "symbiosis", "biology", "nutritional ecology"], "species": ["bacteria", "batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "aspergillus fumigatus", "pseudomonas cichorii"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.035087719298245, 0.017543859649122, 0.017543859649122, 0.017543859649122], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]}, - {"paper": "W1898514470", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Scientific Reports"], "author_ids": ["A2761694208", "A2764079821", "A2592763509"], "author_names": ["T.J. Koob", "M.M. Koob-Emunds", "J.A. Trotter"], "reference_ids": ["W2063272793", "W2514726774", "W2017340588", "W2037637706", "W2040003226", "W2116729203", "W2109282350", "W2131096163", "W1970447725", "W2087170868", "W1871905688", "W1990415258", "W2139095022", "W3163716522", "W2068781510", "W1992012621", "W2266460935", "W1964167467", "W1982666904", "W1910276244", "W2083184173", "W2015942166", "W2072426631", "W2076850822", "W3198642879", "W2033062208", "W1973420367", "W1982340479", "W2171414740", "W1996537912", "W2015643390", "W1949889872", "W2034705135", "W2144615712", "W2338444628", "W1875582044"], "title": "Cell-derived stiffening and plasticizing factors in sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) dermis", "abstract": "the stiffness of holothurian dermis can be altered experimentally in vitro by changing the concentration of extracellular ca(2+). previous experiments with cucumaria frondosa have established that these ca(2+) effects are due to ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes rather than to direct effects of ca(2+) on the extracellular matrix. the present report describes two protein factors that are released from cells of c. frondosa dermis by membrane lysis and that directly alter the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. one factor, isolated from the inner dermis, increased tissue stiffness in the absence of ca(2+). the second factor, from the outer dermis, decreased tissue stiffness in the presence of normal ca(2+) levels. the relative abundance of these two factors in the inner and outer dermis suggests the possibility that the cells that control tissue stiffness are spatially segregated. both factors were partially purified under non-denaturing conditions by anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. the partially purified protein preparations retained biological activity. these results suggest that the stiffness of sea cucumber dermis is regulated by cell-mediated secretion of either the stiffening or plasticizing protein and that alterations in dermis stiffness brought about by manipulation of ca(2+) levels are mediated by effects on secretion of one or both of these proteins.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-pdf/202/17/2291/1235414/2291.pdf", "petalID": 105, "doi": "10.1038/S41598-019-39583-7", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["manage populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_microbes", "manage_environmental_disturbances", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39583-7", "mag_terms": ["aspergillus fumigatus", "pseudomonas cichorii", "chytridiomycosis", "aspergillus", "bacteria", "fungus", "frog skin", "amphibian", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": ["cucumber", "cucumaria frondosa"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014925373134328, 0.014925373134328], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2920683850", "mesh_terms": ["Anura", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Chytridiomycota", "Lipopeptides", "Peptides, Cyclic", "Skin", "Animals", "Anura", "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Chytridiomycota", "Lipopeptides", "Peptides, Cyclic", "Pseudomonas", "Pseudomonas", "Skin", "Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization", "Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization", "Symbiosis", "Symbiosis", "Tandem Mass Spectrometry", "Tandem Mass Spectrometry"], "venue_ids": ["V196734849"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Scientific Reports", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A3082658762", "A2157237848", "A2325193365", "A2507683772", "A1917519824", "A22426078", "A1478187186", "A2118848851"], "author_names": ["Christian Martin H", "Roberto Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez", "Louis-F\u00e9lix Nothias", "Cristopher A. Boya P.", "Laura K. Reinert", "Louise A. Rollins-Smith", "Pieter C. Dorrestein", "Marcelino Guti\u00e9rrez"], "reference_ids": ["W1984331186", "W2138853280", "W2071513599", "W2144803530", "W1998512461", "W2152812649", "W2546443756", "W2735479634", "W2746372146", "W2053098819", "W2037540490", "W2913282162", "W2109538719", "W2108552041", "W2085507541", "W2166501045", "W2335179184", "W1976648974", "W2314322923", "W2555163954", "W2790225116", "W2032873911", "W2168519444", "W1987093788", "W2117555017", "W2482859736", "W2794487633", "W1996843747", "W2020350008", "W2102326747", "W2136506792", "W2767998357", "W2060486005", "W2072639782", "W1977544512", "W2045067168", "W1988433614", "W2126838962", "W2158661194", "W1994542148", "W2036922924", "W2153911335", "W2175348379", "W1997455669", "W2051732031", "W2086701088", "W2145677152", "W2162530050", "W2134122507", "W2047255587", "W2081976099", "W2127647479", "W2155687799", "W2543967261", "W2054449096", "W2131821856", "W1991028549", "W2565949849", "W2071849486", "W2152877976", "W2083796950", "W2089752767", "W2151252713", "W2170286949", "W2132497565", "W2504691963", "W1899039462", "W2078835248", "W2124967403", "W2174055317", "W2806190360", "W2033873153", "W2034652209", "W2137003069", "W1998478208", "W2140383755", "W2013911852", "W2054602599", "W2099951777", "W2463704573", "W2031804914"], "title": "Viscosin-like lipopeptides from frog skin bacteria inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis detected by imaging mass spectrometry and molecular networking.", "abstract": "amphibian populations worldwide have declined and in some cases become extinct due to chytridiomycosis, a pandemic disease caused by the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; however, some species have survived these fungal epidemics. previous studies have suggested that the resistance of these species is due to the presence of cutaneous bacteria producing antifungal metabolites. as our understanding of these metabolites is still limited, we assessed the potential of such compounds against human-relevant fungi such as aspergillus. in this work we isolated 201 bacterial strains from fifteen samples belonging to seven frog species collected in the highlands of panama and tested them against aspergillus fumigatus. among the 29 bacterial isolates that exhibited antifungal activity, pseudomonas cichorii showed the greatest inhibition. to visualize the distribution of compounds and identify them in the inhibition zone produced by p. cichorii, we employed maldi imaging mass spectrometry (maldi ims) and ms/ms molecular networking. we identified viscosin and massetolides a, f, g and h in the inhibition zone. furthermore, viscosin was isolated and evaluated in vitro against a. fumigatus and b. dendrobatidis showing mic values of 62.50\u2009\u00b5g/ml and 31.25\u2009\u00b5g/ml, respectively. this is the first report of cyclic depsipeptides with antifungal activity isolated from frog cutaneous bacteria.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39583-7.pdf", "petalID": 104, "doi": "10.1111/NPH.12690", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "manage_pests_or_diseases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12690", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "evolutionary ecology", "myrmecophyte", "coevolution", "herbivore", "environmental change", "ecology", "symbiosis", "biology", "nutritional ecology"], "species": ["bacteria", "batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "aspergillus fumigatus", "pseudomonas cichorii"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.035087719298245, 0.017543859649122, 0.017543859649122, 0.017543859649122], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]}, + {"paper": "W1898514470", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Scientific Reports"], "author_ids": ["A2761694208", "A2764079821", "A2592763509"], "author_names": ["T.J. Koob", "M.M. Koob-Emunds", "J.A. Trotter"], "reference_ids": ["W2063272793", "W2514726774", "W2017340588", "W2037637706", "W2040003226", "W2116729203", "W2109282350", "W2131096163", "W1970447725", "W2087170868", "W1871905688", "W1990415258", "W2139095022", "W3163716522", "W2068781510", "W1992012621", "W2266460935", "W1964167467", "W1982666904", "W1910276244", "W2083184173", "W2015942166", "W2072426631", "W2076850822", "W3198642879", "W2033062208", "W1973420367", "W1982340479", "W2171414740", "W1996537912", "W2015643390", "W1949889872", "W2034705135", "W2144615712", "W2338444628", "W1875582044"], "title": "Cell-derived stiffening and plasticizing factors in sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) dermis", "abstract": "the stiffness of holothurian dermis can be altered experimentally in vitro by changing the concentration of extracellular ca(2+). previous experiments with cucumaria frondosa have established that these ca(2+) effects are due to ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes rather than to direct effects of ca(2+) on the extracellular matrix. the present report describes two protein factors that are released from cells of c. frondosa dermis by membrane lysis and that directly alter the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. one factor, isolated from the inner dermis, increased tissue stiffness in the absence of ca(2+). the second factor, from the outer dermis, decreased tissue stiffness in the presence of normal ca(2+) levels. the relative abundance of these two factors in the inner and outer dermis suggests the possibility that the cells that control tissue stiffness are spatially segregated. both factors were partially purified under non-denaturing conditions by anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. the partially purified protein preparations retained biological activity. these results suggest that the stiffness of sea cucumber dermis is regulated by cell-mediated secretion of either the stiffening or plasticizing protein and that alterations in dermis stiffness brought about by manipulation of ca(2+) levels are mediated by effects on secretion of one or both of these proteins.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-pdf/202/17/2291/1235414/2291.pdf", "petalID": 105, "doi": "10.1038/S41598-019-39583-7", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["manage_populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_microbes", "manage_environmental_disturbances", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39583-7", "mag_terms": ["aspergillus fumigatus", "pseudomonas cichorii", "chytridiomycosis", "aspergillus", "bacteria", "fungus", "frog skin", "amphibian", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": ["cucumber", "cucumaria frondosa"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014925373134328, 0.014925373134328], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2141900084", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Biological", "Cooperative Behavior", "Fertility", "Hierarchy, Social", "Passeriformes", "Sexual Behavior, Animal", "Adaptation, Biological", "Animals", "Fertility", "Genotype", "Male", "Microsatellite Repeats", "Microsatellite Repeats", "Panama", "Passeriformes", "Passeriformes", "Selection, Genetic", "Sexual Behavior, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V122176235"], "venue_names": ["The American Naturalist", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Biological Bulletin", "Bioessays", "Matrix Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2289288284"], "author_names": ["Emily H. DuVal"], "reference_ids": ["W2134984409", "W1661459374", "W2170275111", "W69446707", "W592009905", "W2063792498", "W1970543961", "W2115106965", "W2158324368", "W2129288617", "W1973214225", "W2167030552", "W2328425223", "W2330918470", "W2913281223", "W2314049492", "W2575619510", "W576420132", "W1575039682", "W2026562531", "W2054820883", "W2109665293", "W2144509801", "W1968629461", "W2124480565", "W2065446218", "W2089686893", "W2157446302", "W2183686957", "W2011064448", "W2120431758", "W2219912196", "W2128764864", "W2109046687", "W2152251582", "W2038414255", "W2160204512", "W1969746417", "W2101491392", "W2144816699", "W2108352683", "W2318284824", "W2017724445", "W2109818470", "W2253414912", "W1897695500", "W1986390488", "W1967352339", "W2138246722", "W2323845649", "W1992794698", "W2120932797", "W1970635360", "W2412601724"], "title": "Adaptive Advantages of Cooperative Courtship for Subordinate Male Lance\u2010Tailed Manakins", "abstract": "abstract: male lance\u2010tailed manakins (chiroxiphia lanceolata) cooperate in complex courtship displays, but the dominant (alpha) partner monopolizes mating opportunities. this raises the question of why subordinates (betas) cooperate. three nonexclusive hypotheses explain the adaptive basis of helping behavior by subordinate males: cooperation may increase (1) subordinates\u2019 immediate reproductive success, (2) the reproductive success of close relatives, or (3) subordinates\u2019 chances of future reproduction. i demonstrated that beta males rarely sired chicks and were unrelated to their alpha partners but received delayed direct benefits from cooperation; betas had an increased probability of becoming an alpha when compared to males that had not been betas. to investigate the mechanism by which betas attain these adaptive benefits, i examined betas\u2019 success in replacing their alpha partners both in natural turnover events and when alphas were experimentally removed. beta males did not consistently inherit alph...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 106, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.202.17.2291", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["change_size/shape", "manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_buckling", "prevent/allow_deformation"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10441082/", "mag_terms": ["dermis", "extracellular", "cucumaria", "extracellular matrix", "biological activity", "secretion", "in vitro", "lysis", "biophysics", "biochemistry", "chemistry"], "species": ["chiroxiphia lanceolata"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0]}, - {"paper": "W2181760382", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A2317291436", "A2308602650"], "author_names": ["Harald Esch", "Franz Goller"], "reference_ids": ["W2069392723", "W2090968514", "W2995687117", "W2003431199", "W2211222870", "W188919798", "W2076406038", "W645151696", "W1984373118", "W1990384743", "W2025811084", "W2161037717", "W1974264114", "W1980468765", "W1871371266", "W2014860833", "W2016668514", "W2183674068", "W2911826094", "W2100758136", "W24291080", "W1578756142", "W2032203078"], "title": "NEURAL CONTROL OF FIBRILLAR MUSCLES IN BEES DURING SHIVERING AND FLIGHT", "abstract": "the big indirect flight muscles in the thorax of honeybees and bumblebees show two modes of action: they contract with \u2018conventional\u2019 twitches in response to slowly repeated muscle potentials and go into tetanus at higher muscle potential frequencies. they can also contract much faster when quickly stretched (stretch activation). the indirect flight muscles of bumblebees were in tetanic contractions during shivering warm-up over the whole range of temperatures between 8 and 36\u00b0c. these tetanic contractions probably prevented other researchers from observing mechanical muscle activity. our results, which for the first time allow us to detect tetanic contractions directly, make it very improbable that non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in bumblebees, as has been proposed previously.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 107, "doi": "10.1086/512137", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/512137", "mag_terms": ["chiroxiphia", "courtship", "reproductive success", "cooperative breeding", "alpha", "helping behavior", "mating", "chiroxiphia lanceolata", "demography", "biology"], "species": ["honeybee"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012987012987012], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2181760382", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A2317291436", "A2308602650"], "author_names": ["Harald Esch", "Franz Goller"], "reference_ids": ["W2069392723", "W2090968514", "W2995687117", "W2003431199", "W2211222870", "W188919798", "W2076406038", "W645151696", "W1984373118", "W1990384743", "W2025811084", "W2161037717", "W1974264114", "W1980468765", "W1871371266", "W2014860833", "W2016668514", "W2183674068", "W2911826094", "W2100758136", "W24291080", "W1578756142", "W2032203078"], "title": "NEURAL CONTROL OF FIBRILLAR MUSCLES IN BEES DURING SHIVERING AND FLIGHT", "abstract": "the big indirect flight muscles in the thorax of honeybees and bumblebees show two modes of action: they contract with \u2018conventional\u2019 twitches in response to slowly repeated muscle potentials and go into tetanus at higher muscle potential frequencies. they can also contract much faster when quickly stretched (stretch activation). the indirect flight muscles of bumblebees were in tetanic contractions during shivering warm-up over the whole range of temperatures between 8 and 36\u00b0c. these tetanic contractions probably prevented other researchers from observing mechanical muscle activity. our results, which for the first time allow us to detect tetanic contractions directly, make it very improbable that non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in bumblebees, as has been proposed previously.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 107, "doi": "10.1086/512137", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/512137", "mag_terms": ["chiroxiphia", "courtship", "reproductive success", "cooperative breeding", "alpha", "helping behavior", "mating", "chiroxiphia lanceolata", "demography", "biology"], "species": ["honeybee"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012987012987012], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2035329633", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V136529485"], "venue_names": ["Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2083301484", "A676467627"], "author_names": ["Jacobus C. Biesmeijer", "Thomas D. Seeley"], "reference_ids": ["W1990230869", "W1995033353", "W2026103212", "W2053200777", "W2017611929", "W2041948251", "W2549065241", "W1998201568", "W2023789955", "W607954873", "W2003519217", "W1590982266", "W1983009007", "W2029068638", "W2325845327", "W1992518868", "W2289886363", "W1537682146", "W2608799023", "W45806619", "W1575214265", "W2027403759", "W2015213217", "W1638702800", "W2002664886", "W2001265750", "W2108516110", "W2026810132", "W1992343120", "W1999851720", "W2326833270"], "title": "The use of waggle dance information by honey bees throughout their foraging careers", "abstract": "we studied the extent to which worker honey bees acquire information from waggle dances throughout their careers as foragers. small groups of foragers were monitored from time of orientation flights to time of death and all in-hive behaviors relating to foraging were recorded. in the context of a novice forager finding her first food source, 60% of the bees relied, at least in part, on acquiring information from waggle dances (being recruited) rather than searching independently (scouting). in the context of an experienced forager whose foraging has been interrupted, 37% of the time the bees resumed foraging by following waggle dances (being reactivated) rather than examining the food source on their own (inspecting). and in the context of an experienced forager engaged in foraging, 17% of the time the bees initiated a foraging trip by following a waggle dance. such dance following was observed much more often after an unsuccessful than after a successful foraging trip. successful foragers often followed dances just briefly, perhaps to confirm that the kind of flowers they had been visiting were still yielding forage. overall, waggle dance following for food discovery accounted for 12\u201325% of all interactions with dancers (9% by novice foragers and 3\u201316% by experienced foragers) whereas dance following for reactivation and confirmation accounted for the other 75\u201388% (26% for reactivation and 49\u201362% for confirmation). we conclude that foragers make extensive use of the waggle dance not only to start work at new, unfamiliar food sources but also to resume work at old, familiar food sources.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 108, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.159.1.419", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify/convert_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats", "sense_signals/environmental_cues", "modify/convert_thermal_energy"], "level3": ["sense_temperature_cues", "protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/159/1/419", "mag_terms": ["muscle contraction", "shivering", "electrophysiology", "frisson", "thermogenesis", "thorax", "anatomy", "biology", "muscle activity", "neural control"], "species": ["honey bee", "bee", "bees", "honey bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012195121951219001, 0.048780487804878, 0.036585365853658, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.25, 1.0, 0.7499999999999991, 0.0]}, - {"paper": "W1971605339", "mesh_terms": ["Iguanas", "Weather", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Animals", "Body Constitution", "Bone and Bones", "Bone and Bones", "Iguanas", "Iguanas"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature"], "author_ids": ["A675606171", "A2105190004"], "author_names": ["Martin Wikelski", "Corinna Thom"], "reference_ids": ["W2138252706", "W1979912420", "W2333128408", "W2983381470", "W2002933536", "W2083124794", "W2088796601", "W1577120698", "W2012706480", "W2053799261", "W1966458396", "W2005862991", "W2399628937"], "title": "Marine iguanas shrink to survive El Ni\u00f1o", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 109, "doi": "10.1007/S00265-005-0019-6", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["send_signals", "process_signals", "group_benefit", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "send_chemical_signals", "sense_chemicals", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-005-0019-6", "mag_terms": ["waggle dance", "bumblebee communication", "forage", "foraging", "dance", "animal ecology", "context", "apidae", "demography", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W1971605339", "mesh_terms": ["Iguanas", "Weather", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Animals", "Body Constitution", "Bone and Bones", "Bone and Bones", "Iguanas", "Iguanas"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature"], "author_ids": ["A675606171", "A2105190004"], "author_names": ["Martin Wikelski", "Corinna Thom"], "reference_ids": ["W2138252706", "W1979912420", "W2333128408", "W2983381470", "W2002933536", "W2083124794", "W2088796601", "W1577120698", "W2012706480", "W2053799261", "W1966458396", "W2005862991", "W2399628937"], "title": "Marine iguanas shrink to survive El Ni\u00f1o", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 109, "doi": "10.1007/S00265-005-0019-6", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["send_signals", "process_signals", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["send_chemical_signals", "respond_to_signals", "cooperate_within/between_species", "sense_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-005-0019-6", "mag_terms": ["waggle dance", "bumblebee communication", "forage", "foraging", "dance", "animal ecology", "context", "apidae", "demography", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2114155223", "mesh_terms": ["Appetitive Behavior", "Behavior, Animal", "Birds", "Olfactory Pathways", "Sulfides", "Animals", "Antarctic Regions", "Appetitive Behavior", "Appetitive Behavior", "Behavior, Animal", "Behavior, Animal", "Birds", "Olfactory Pathways", "Olfactory Pathways", "Phytoplankton", "Phytoplankton", "Sulfides"], "venue_ids": ["V153317304"], "venue_names": ["Biology Letters", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A1835262214", "A2085990710"], "author_names": ["Gabrielle A. Nevitt", "Francesco Bonadonna"], "reference_ids": ["W2113949291", "W2073159244", "W2169756236", "W2085977262", "W1993513678", "W2078173584", "W2122880681", "W125777671", "W300853300", "W2083057070", "W1973529287", "W1977001726", "W2041885151", "W1986177839", "W2142455230", "W2096331940"], "title": "Sensitivity to dimethyl sulphide suggests a mechanism for olfactory navigation by seabirds", "abstract": "petrels, albatrosses and other procellariiform seabirds have an excellent sense of smell, and routinely navigate over the world's oceans by mechanisms that are not well understood. these birds travel thousands of kilometres to forage on ephemeral prey patches at variable locations, yet they can quickly and efficiently find their way back to their nests on remote islands to provision chicks, even with magnetic senses experimentally disrupted. over the seemingly featureless ocean environment, local emissions of scents released by phytoplankton reflect bathymetric features such as shelf breaks and seamounts. these features suggest an odour landscape that may provide birds with orientation cues. we have previously shown that concentrated experimental deployments of one such compound, dimethyl sulphide (dms), attracts procellariiforms at sea, suggesting that some species can use it as a foraging cue. here we present the first physiological demonstration that an antarctic seabird can detect dms at biogenic levels. we further show that birds can use dms as an orientation cue in a non-foraging context within a concentration range that they might naturally encounter over the ocean.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1617144?pdf=render", "petalID": 110, "doi": "10.1038/47396", "level1": ["modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["change_size/shape"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "http://umdberg.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/47150934/wikelski%202002.pdf", "mag_terms": ["iguanidae", "starvation", "sauria", "marine iguana", "oceanography", "ecology", "biology", "el nino", "coastal zone", "pacific ocean", "southern oscillation"], "species": ["petrels", "bird", "birds", "albatrosses"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017543859649122, 0.087719298245614, 0.070175438596491, 0.017543859649122], "relative_relevancy": [0.2, 1.0, 0.8, 0.2]}, {"paper": "W2057512601", "mesh_terms": ["Cell Communication", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Cell Communication", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Virulence"], "venue_ids": ["V169293703"], "venue_names": ["Molecular BioSystems", "Science", "Biology Letters", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Applied and Environmental Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2109451927", "A2302947183", "A1700769310", "A2125018185", "A2125017707", "A2006596053", "A1694924796"], "author_names": ["Martin Welch", "Helga Mikkelsen", "Jane E. Swatton", "Debra S. Smith", "Gemma L. Thomas", "Freija G. Glansdorp", "David R. Spring"], "reference_ids": ["W2079698171", "W2105173502", "W2081524758", "W2134555745", "W2047097596", "W2046127361", "W2057802070", "W2075736573", "W2091113559", "W2116929184", "W2134515577", "W1977653510", "W1994080414", "W2698683024", "W2138350975", "W2166422881", "W2104768590", "W1994462493", "W2000930830", "W2098626852", "W2329662046", "W2146407536", "W2171527366", "W2075201534", "W2119223631", "W2137215017", "W1567514429", "W2048411369", "W2119410664", "W2165707370", "W2162427999", "W1935407324", "W2030074619", "W2144440398", "W2146292204", "W2107304641", "W2155439177", "W2046396389", "W2165802781", "W2055294982", "W2122721391", "W2144150209"], "title": "Cell-cell communication in Gram-negative bacteria.", "abstract": "over the last decade or so, a wealth of research has established that bacteria communicate with one another using small molecules. these signals enable the individuals in a population to coordinate their behaviour. in the case of pathogens, this behaviour may include decisions such as when to attack a host organism or form a biofilm. consequently, such signalling systems are excellent targets for the development of new antibacterial therapies. in this review, we assess how gram-negative bacteria use small molecules for cell\u2013cell communication, and discuss the main approaches that have been developed to interfere with it.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 111, "doi": "10.1098/RSBL.2005.0350", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals", "sense_atmospheric_conditions"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0350?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed", "mag_terms": ["seabird", "context", "olfactory navigation", "foraging", "phytoplankton", "range", "seamount", "predation", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.07142857142857101], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2003177396", "mesh_terms": ["Elasmobranchii", "Jaw", "Animals", "Elasmobranchii", "Feeding Behavior", "Jaw", "Predatory Behavior", "Tooth", "Tooth"], "venue_ids": ["V128425624"], "venue_names": ["Current Biology", "Molecular BioSystems"], "author_ids": ["A2053263517", "A2158474739", "A678161484", "A2155799271", "A2028202996"], "author_names": ["Barbara E. Wueringer", "Lyle Squire", "Stephen M. Kajiura", "Nathan S. Hart", "Shaun P. Collin"], "reference_ids": ["W2145646214", "W2104973034", "W1968128747", "W82996780", "W2000060606", "W1781332814", "W2143073592", "W2319751974", "W2116814186", "W1971677542"], "title": "The function of the sawfish's saw", "abstract": "summary are active predators that use their toothed rostrum \u2014 the saw \u2014 to both sense prey-simulating electric fields and capture prey. prey encountered in the water column is attacked with lateral swipes of the saw that can stun and/or impale it. we compare sawfish to shovelnose rays, which share a common shovelnose ray-like ancestor [3] and lack a saw.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0960982212000851/pdf", "petalID": 112, "doi": "10.1039/B505796P", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2005/mb/b505796p#!divAbstract", "mag_terms": ["gram negative bacteria", "population", "bacteria", "biofilm", "cell signaling", "cell", "small molecule", "microbiology", "biology", "host organism"], "species": ["sturgeons", "fish", "rays", "paddlefishes", "ray", "sturgeon", "fishes", "pristis microdon"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.02127659574468, 0.042553191489361, 0.02127659574468, 0.02127659574468, 0.02127659574468, 0.02127659574468, 0.042553191489361, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0]}, @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ {"paper": "W2061927707", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V198828251"], "venue_names": ["Evolutionary Biology-new York", "Journal of Biomechanics"], "author_ids": ["A2518792137", "A2629485711", "A2148481917", "A2581227553", "A2099188768", "A1975409648"], "author_names": ["M. Yao", "J. Rosenfeld", "S. Attridge", "S. Sidhu", "Vadim Aksenov", "C. D. Rollo"], "reference_ids": ["W2038399113", "W2094051407", "W2159069863", "W2167547942", "W1850317266", "W2124420448", "W1975805517", "W2005820963", "W2022088799", "W2028242989", "W2093041308", "W2178349741", "W2049024743", "W2315511855", "W2319177906", "W2038130303", "W2054437460", "W241045742", "W1993251125", "W2091019968", "W2093120001", "W2101421335", "W2154341899", "W1838162521", "W2068250279", "W2176090369", "W269600696", "W1804501722", "W1984926375", "W2052735134", "W2071034775", "W2339200203", "W2048564551", "W1602924605", "W2040708602", "W2065813902", "W2086077027", "W2089925773", "W2091878556", "W2134101952", "W597219255", "W1982107419", "W2060787045", "W2103624649", "W1981101155", "W2043569070", "W2092276221", "W2134656327", "W2518743501", "W2019632020", "W2098838998", "W2126680053", "W2131542906", "W2497871854", "W2100846148", "W2161169328", "W2323013059", "W2764433274", "W1989950087", "W2091022836", "W2290938972", "W2331014517", "W1904412191", "W1971962244", "W2160595514", "W1977083858", "W2182785348", "W1963876252", "W2010297651", "W2188300530", "W1795420904", "W1975328231", "W1983444006", "W1996655985", "W2084811410", "W2067268694", "W2082661202", "W2132121454", "W2132760026", "W2165642581", "W2129601700", "W2130687608", "W2005895791", "W2063054574", "W1991549230", "W2078862495", "W1974042469", "W1977880576", "W1986589093", "W2020377499", "W2125213191", "W2126855875", "W1484995271", "W1976432964", "W2038943966", "W2058331727", "W2089869521", "W2168142686", "W1537426058", "W1985579208", "W1998934836", "W2061028414", "W2150718536", "W2164844366", "W2063939783", "W2105845157"], "title": "The Ancient Chemistry of Avoiding Risks of Predation and Disease", "abstract": "illness, death, and costs of immunity and injury strongly select for avoidance of predators or contagion. ants, cockroaches, and collembola recognize their dead using unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., oleic or linoleic acid) as \u201cnecromone\u201d cues. ants, bees, and termites remove dead from their nests (necrophoric behavior) whereas semi-social species seal off corpses or simply avoid their dead or injured (necrophobic behavior). alarm and avoidance responses to exudates from injured conspecifics are widespread. this involves diverse pheromones, complex chemistry and learning. we hypothesized that necromones are a phylogenetically ancient class of related signals and predicted that terrestrial isopoda (that strongly aggregate and lack known dispersants) would avoid body fluids and corpses using fatty acid \u201cnecromones.\u201d isopods were repelled by crushed conspecifics (blood), intact corpses, and alcohol extracts of bodies. as predicted, the repellent fraction contained oleic and linoleic acids and authentic standards repelled several isopod species. we further predicted a priori that social caterpillars (lacking known dispersants) would be repelled by their own body fluids and unsaturated fatty acids. both tent caterpillars and fall webworms avoided branches treated with conspecific body fluid. oleic and linoleic acids were also strongly avoided by both species. necromone signaling appears widespread and likely traces to aquatic ancestors pre-dating the divergence of the crustacea and hexapoda at least 420 million years ago.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 130, "doi": "10.1016/J.JBIOMECH.2010.02.027", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["regulate_wear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021929010001107?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["fibril", "molecular dynamics", "nanocomposite", "bone morphogenetic protein", "molecule", "materials science", "mechanics", "molecular level"], "species": ["bee", "hexapoda", "tent caterpillars", "termites", "collembola", "isopods", "crustacea", "isopoda", "cockroaches", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0125, 0.0125, 0.0, 0.0125, 0.0125, 0.0125, 0.0125, 0.0125, 0.0125, 0.0125], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2083907880", "mesh_terms": ["Alkanes", "Bacteria", "Alkanes", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Biodegradation, Environmental", "Environmental Pollution", "Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial", "Genes, Bacterial", "Metabolic Networks and Pathways"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V6919857", "V6919857"], "venue_names": ["Environmental Microbiology", "Environmental Microbiology", "Evolutionary Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2128869346"], "author_names": ["Fernando Rojo"], "reference_ids": ["W1027818277", "W1606979654", "W1623529556", "W1988678841", "W2111490961", "W2143448307", "W2116519092", "W1497200729", "W1748737364", "W2044876834", "W2129360612", "W2129521547", "W2148984917", "W1551631513", "W1592375558", "W2038683612", "W2055484669", "W2057480992", "W2124432551", "W2129913504", "W2158120631", "W1985257120", "W2070769048", "W2125129014", "W2141097001", "W2142175250", "W2143256443", "W2168508841", 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"W2085322848", "W2130893867", "W2139398055", "W2146811716", "W1587582488", "W2133406666", "W2000792754", "W2012876904", "W2103195482", "W2134037455", "W1602109554", "W1994821007", "W2072891388", "W2106205992", "W2127087112", "W2146307401", "W2161486045", "W2036449301", "W2055624551", "W2059308200", "W2093057148", "W2110899908", "W1546639195", "W2042673218", "W2083262260", "W2164658997", "W1995724130", "W2052657997", "W2088048159", "W1596254587", "W2035646894", "W2054860928", "W2099808084", "W2124031945", "W2146524443", "W1620449817", "W1979590680", "W2056298860", "W2129979484", "W2134702927"], "title": "Degradation of alkanes by bacteria", "abstract": "pollution of soil and water environments by crude oil has been, and is still today, an important problem. crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. among them, alkanes constitute the major fraction. alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons of different sizes and structures. although they are chemically very inert, most of them can be efficiently degraded by several microorganisms. this review summarizes current knowledge on how microorganisms degrade alkanes, focusing on the biochemical pathways used and on how the expression of pathway genes is regulated and integrated within cell physiology.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01948.x", "petalID": 131, "doi": "10.1007/S11692-009-9069-4", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["process_signals"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11692-009-9069-4?LI=true", "mag_terms": ["social caterpillars", "fatty acid", "predation", "sex pheromone", "linoleic acid", "isopoda", "cockroach", "crustacean", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2179874967", "mesh_terms": ["Conservation of Natural Resources", "Ecosystem", "Population Dynamics", "Animals", "Ecology", "Environment Design", "Humans"], "venue_ids": ["V46982553"], "venue_names": ["AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment", "Environmental Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2113512190", "A664929888", "A2041730651", "A1370231542", "A2344016581", "A1991892680", "A2032099940", "A2155349405"], "author_names": ["Janne Bengtsson", "Per Angelstam", "Thomas Elmqvist", "Urban Emanuelsson", "Carl Folke", "Margareta Ihse", "Fredrik Moberg", "Magnus Nystr\u00f6m"], "reference_ids": ["W2100310694", "W2166782933", "W2056351513", "W2124658853", "W2007399576", "W2011164004", "W656959907", "W2036980461", "W2044491518", "W2169194502", "W2315150714", "W587283579", "W1936774573", "W2102422747", "W2315386399", "W1498315254", "W2007049638", "W2048688251", "W2612322017", "W1965829888", "W2064079357", "W2155354780", "W2249049141", "W1552436587", "W2026506924", "W1527266177", "W2104356015", "W2990523779", "W2174650845", "W2226916200", "W2460909406", "W1444995497", "W1997378499", "W2037159992", "W2097607146", "W2103948957", "W2169376470", "W105465098", "W1488679353", "W1980912979", "W2058906886", "W2109802380", "W1564292148", "W2296011621", "W1987694301", "W54958071", "W2060299363", "W2087612726", "W2133771141", "W2117754859", "W2160168146", "W2797469298", "W2116361142", "W2797366671", "W2079810751", "W2180224154", "W3197340838", "W1574076239", "W2319656902", "W2799945986", "W2015461997", "W2024924295", "W2034555357", "W2049147072", "W2055740081", "W2150279966", "W2083905603", "W2085562464", "W2253049904", "W1492059657", "W1975818849", "W2072927435", "W2102200338", "W2004827964", "W2116394409", "W2121981479", "W2084175604", "W2116032305", "W98243665", "W2521078625", "W215409080", "W2031922398", "W2157575440", "W2337434469"], "title": "Reserves, Resilience and Dynamic Landscapes", "abstract": "in a world increasingly modified by human activities, the conservation of biodiversity is essential as insurance to maintain resilient ecosystems and ensure a sustainable flow of ecosystem goods and services to society. however, existing reserves and national parks are unlikely to incorporate the long-term and large-scale dynamics of ecosystems. hence, conservation strategies have to actively incorporate the large areas of land that are managed for human use. for ecosystems to reorganize after large-scale natural and human-induced disturbances, spatial resilience in the form of ecological memory is a prerequisite. the ecological memory is composed of the species, interactions and structures that make ecosystem reorganization possible, and its components may be found within disturbed patches as well in the surrounding land-scape. present static reserves should be complemented with dynamic reserves, such as ecological fallows and dynamic successional reserves, that are part of ecosystem management mimicking natural disturbance regimes at the landscape level.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 132, "doi": "10.1111/J.1462-2920.2009.01948.X", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_break_down"], "level3": ["chemically_break_down_organic_compounds", "chemically_break_down_inorganic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01948.x", "mag_terms": ["environmental pollution", "biodegradation", "microorganism", "microbial metabolism", "bacteria", "fraction", "metabolic pathway", "pollution", "environmental chemistry", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2158138986", "mesh_terms": ["Flight, Animal", "Songbirds", "Wings, Animal", "Wings, Animal", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Flight, Animal", "Models, Biological", "Netherlands", "Songbirds", "Songbirds", "Wings, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment"], "author_ids": ["A2116162051", "A2435692427", "A2304858918", "A2136752389", "A2155378316", "A2344753344", "A1971364532", "A2066768158", "A2480642691", "A2500334302"], "author_names": ["David Lentink", "Ulrike K. M\u00fcller", "Eize Stamhuis", "R. de Kat", "W. van Gestel", "Leo Veldhuis", "Per Henningsson", "Anders Hedenstr\u00f6m", "John J. Videler", "J.L. van Leeuwen"], "reference_ids": ["W211112058", "W1530945713", "W1917893324", "W114595877", "W440280536", "W2083798596", "W2167160304", "W1495219970", "W1833868912", "W1921571842", "W1581830536", "W2136228680", "W2159568111", "W2131776950", "W1920771350", "W2017626220", "W2329776518", "W656260139", "W1607071030", "W1885065483", "W1984945686", "W2134307195", "W2050241154", "W2495843756", "W2164411520", "W1918620939", "W2978094786"], "title": "How swifts control their glide performance with morphing wings", "abstract": "gliding birds continually change the shape and size of their wings, presumably to exploit the profound effect of wing morphology on aerodynamic performance. that birds should adjust wing sweep to suit glide speed has been predicted qualitatively by analytical glide models, which extrapolated the wing's performance envelope from aerodynamic theory. here we describe the aerodynamic and structural performance of actual swift wings, as measured in a wind tunnel, and on this basis build a semi-empirical glide model. by measuring inside and outside swifts' behavioural envelope, we show that choosing the most suitable sweep can halve sink speed or triple turning rate. extended wings are superior for slow glides and turns; swept wings are superior for fast glides and turns. this superiority is due to better aerodynamic performance-with the exception of fast turns. swept wings are less effective at generating lift while turning at high speeds, but can bear the extreme loads. finally, our glide model predicts that cost-effective gliding occurs at speeds of 8-10 m s(-1), whereas agility-related figures of merit peak at 15-25 m s(-1). in fact, swifts spend the night ('roost') in flight at 8-10 m s(-1) (ref. 11), thus our model can explain this choice for a resting behaviour. morphing not only adjusts birds' wing performance to the task at hand, but could also control the flight of future aircraft.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 133, "doi": "10.1579/0044-7447-32.6.389", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances", "manage populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bioone.org/journals/ambio-a-journal-of-the-human-environment/volume-32/issue-6/0044-7447-32.6.389/Reserves-Resilience-and-Dynamic-Landscapes/10.1579/0044-7447-32.6.389.short", "mag_terms": ["ecosystem diversity", "ecosystem management", "ecosystem", "resilience", "disturbance", "biodiversity", "goods and services", "environmental resource management", "natural", "business"], "species": ["bird", "birds", "swifts"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.04225352112676, 0.04225352112676, 0.014084507042253001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304]}, + {"paper": "W2158138986", "mesh_terms": ["Flight, Animal", "Songbirds", "Wings, Animal", "Wings, Animal", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Flight, Animal", "Models, Biological", "Netherlands", "Songbirds", "Songbirds", "Wings, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment"], "author_ids": ["A2116162051", "A2435692427", "A2304858918", "A2136752389", "A2155378316", "A2344753344", "A1971364532", "A2066768158", "A2480642691", "A2500334302"], "author_names": ["David Lentink", "Ulrike K. M\u00fcller", "Eize Stamhuis", "R. de Kat", "W. van Gestel", "Leo Veldhuis", "Per Henningsson", "Anders Hedenstr\u00f6m", "John J. Videler", "J.L. van Leeuwen"], "reference_ids": ["W211112058", "W1530945713", "W1917893324", "W114595877", "W440280536", "W2083798596", "W2167160304", "W1495219970", "W1833868912", "W1921571842", "W1581830536", "W2136228680", "W2159568111", "W2131776950", "W1920771350", "W2017626220", "W2329776518", "W656260139", "W1607071030", "W1885065483", "W1984945686", "W2134307195", "W2050241154", "W2495843756", "W2164411520", "W1918620939", "W2978094786"], "title": "How swifts control their glide performance with morphing wings", "abstract": "gliding birds continually change the shape and size of their wings, presumably to exploit the profound effect of wing morphology on aerodynamic performance. that birds should adjust wing sweep to suit glide speed has been predicted qualitatively by analytical glide models, which extrapolated the wing's performance envelope from aerodynamic theory. here we describe the aerodynamic and structural performance of actual swift wings, as measured in a wind tunnel, and on this basis build a semi-empirical glide model. by measuring inside and outside swifts' behavioural envelope, we show that choosing the most suitable sweep can halve sink speed or triple turning rate. extended wings are superior for slow glides and turns; swept wings are superior for fast glides and turns. this superiority is due to better aerodynamic performance-with the exception of fast turns. swept wings are less effective at generating lift while turning at high speeds, but can bear the extreme loads. finally, our glide model predicts that cost-effective gliding occurs at speeds of 8-10 m s(-1), whereas agility-related figures of merit peak at 15-25 m s(-1). in fact, swifts spend the night ('roost') in flight at 8-10 m s(-1) (ref. 11), thus our model can explain this choice for a resting behaviour. morphing not only adjusts birds' wing performance to the task at hand, but could also control the flight of future aircraft.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 133, "doi": "10.1579/0044-7447-32.6.389", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances", "manage_populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bioone.org/journals/ambio-a-journal-of-the-human-environment/volume-32/issue-6/0044-7447-32.6.389/Reserves-Resilience-and-Dynamic-Landscapes/10.1579/0044-7447-32.6.389.short", "mag_terms": ["ecosystem diversity", "ecosystem management", "ecosystem", "resilience", "disturbance", "biodiversity", "goods and services", "environmental resource management", "natural", "business"], "species": ["bird", "birds", "swifts"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.04225352112676, 0.04225352112676, 0.014084507042253001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304]}, {"paper": "W2102232018", "mesh_terms": ["Bees", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Social Behavior", "Animals", "Bees", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Respiration", "Thermography"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2132430216", "A3066009270", "A2233561412", "A2553143820"], "author_names": ["Marco Kleinhenz", "Brigitte Bujok", "Stefan Fuchs", "J\u00fcrgen Tautz"], "reference_ids": ["W1562607571", "W2484501654", "W1413550511", "W2252708544", "W2886052744", "W1514837587", "W2069015754", "W2315898797", "W2059169278", "W2187236863", "W2347049017", "W2397623887", "W2480030807", "W199145578", "W2002262515", "W2334932752", "W2111038774", "W2032203078", "W34486540", "W2053834498", "W23876269", "W2009817989", "W2030898454", "W2525230576", "W635850973", "W2021531433", "W2325845327", "W2017034265", "W2911966149", "W2995687117", "W2463941987", "W2576612115", "W1977835922", "W1984373118"], "title": "Hot bees in empty broodnest cells: heating from within", "abstract": "summary - honeybee colonies maintain brood nest temperatures of 33\u201336\u00b0c. we\ninvestigated brood nest thermoregulation at the level of individual worker\nbehaviour and the transfer of heat from workers to the brood. worker bees\ncontribute to the regulation of brood nest temperature by producing heat while\nsitting motionless on the caps of brood cells. we report here an additional,\nnewly observed heating strategy where heating bees enter empty cells between\nsealed brood cells and remain there motionless for periods of up to 45\nmin. - individually marked worker bees on the surface of sealed brood cells\nmaintained thorax temperatures ( t - th ) between\n32.2\u00b11.0\u00b0c and 38.1\u00b12.5\u00b0c (mean \u00b1\ns.d.; - n =20 bees) with alternating warming and cooling\nperiods. most of the observed bees made one or several long-duration visits\n(>2 min) to empty cells within the sealed brood area.\n t at the time bees entered a cell\n[ t - th(entry) ] was 34.1\u201342.5\u00b0c ( n =40). in\n83% of these cell visits, was higher (up to\n5.9\u00b0c; mean 2.5\u00b11.5\u00b0c; - n =33) than the mean\n t of the same bee. high values of\n t resulted from preceding heating activity on the\ncomb surface and from warm-ups just prior to cell visits during which\n t values of\n32.7\u00b10.1\u00b0c (resting bees) to 40.6\u00b10.7\u00b0c (heat-producing\nbees) during long-duration cell visits without performing any visible work.\nheating behaviour inside cells resembles heating behaviour on the brood cap\nsurface in that the bees appear to be inactive, but repeated warmings and\ncoolings occur and does not fall below the optimum\nbrood temperature. - bees staying still inside empty cells for several minutes have previously\nbeen considered to be `resting bees9. we find, however, that the heating bees\ncan be distinguished from the resting bees not only by their higher body\ntemperatures but also by the continuous, rapid respiratory movements of their\nabdomens. by contrast, abdominal pumping movements in resting bees are\ndiscontinuous and interrupted by long pauses. - heat transfer to the brood from individual bees on the comb surface and\nfrom bees inside empty cells was simulated under controlled conditions.\nheating on the comb surface causes a strong superficial warming of the brood\ncap by up to 3\u00b0c within 30 min. heat transfer is 1.9\u20132.6 times more\nefficient when the thorax is in touch with the brood cap than when it is not.\nheating inside empty cells raises the brood temperature of adjacent cells by\nup to 2.5\u00b0c within 30 min. heat flow through the comb was detectable up to\nthree brood cells away from the heated thorax.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/206/23/4217.full.pdf", "petalID": 134, "doi": "10.1038/NATURE05733", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05733", "mag_terms": ["wing twist", "swept wing", "wing", "flight envelope", "aerodynamics", "wind tunnel", "lift", "morphing", "acoustics", "mathematics"], "species": ["bee", "bees", "honeybee"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.121621621621621, 0.108108108108108, 0.006756756756756001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.8888888888888881, 0.055555555555555004]}, {"paper": "W2126798433", "mesh_terms": ["Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Flight, Animal", "Wings, Animal", "Wings, Animal", "Animals", "Chiroptera", "Electrophysiological Phenomena", "Feedback, Physiological", "Flight, Animal", "Hair", "Hair", "Hair", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Models, Neurological", "Somatosensory Cortex", "Somatosensory Cortex", "Somatosensory Cortex", "Systems Biology", "Wings, Animal", "Wings, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2636289990", "A2147038135", "A2166070583", "A3081016201", "A2238862110", "A2571174616", "A2654026477", "A2149092681"], "author_names": ["Susanne J. Sterbing-D\u2019Angelo", "Mohit Chadha", "Chen Chiu", "Ben Falk", "Wei Xian", "Janna Barcelo", "John M. Zook", "Cynthia F. Moss"], "reference_ids": ["W2020833431", "W2088115796", "W1998065875", "W2150515485", "W1927161712", "W213731778", "W2078007295", "W2112199586", "W2105726658", "W2077582497", "W51922456", "W1990659980", "W2170060059", "W2005104299", "W1991522597", "W2024730326", "W2038590274", "W2059076756", "W2120911105", "W2886607489", "W1977794087", "W1996109821"], "title": "Bat wing sensors support flight control.", "abstract": "bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight, and they perform impressive aerial maneuvers like tight turns, hovering, and perching upside down. the bat wing contains five digits, and its specialized membrane is covered with stiff, microscopically small, domed hairs. we provide here unique empirical evidence that the tactile receptors associated with these hairs are involved in sensorimotor flight control by providing aerodynamic feedback. we found that neurons in bat primary somatosensory cortex respond with directional sensitivity to stimulation of the wing hairs with low-speed airflow. wing hairs mostly preferred reversed airflow, which occurs under flight conditions when the airflow separates and vortices form. this finding suggests that the hairs act as an array of sensors to monitor flight speed and/or airflow conditions that indicate stall. depilation of different functional regions of the bats\u2019 wing membrane altered the flight behavior in obstacle avoidance tasks by reducing aerial maneuverability, as indicated by decreased turning angles and increased flight speed.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/108/27/11291.full.pdf", "petalID": 135, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.00680", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify/convert_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats", "sense_signals/environmental_cues", "modify/convert_thermal_energy"], "level3": ["sense_temperature_cues", "protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/206/23/4217", "mag_terms": ["brood", "worker bee", "thermoregulation", "nest", "animal science", "biology", "anatomy", "heat flow", "respiratory movements"], "species": ["bats", "mammals"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.035087719298245, 0.017543859649122], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2169907199", "mesh_terms": ["Adhesives", "Cross-Linking Reagents", "Gastropoda", "Gels", "Proteins", "Adhesives", "Adhesives", "Aldehydes", "Aldehydes", "Aldehydes", "Amines", "Amines", "Amines", "Animals", "Borohydrides", "Cross-Linking Reagents", "Cross-Linking Reagents", "Gastropoda", "Gels", "Gels", "Hydrazines", "Hydroxylamine", "Immunoblotting", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Proteins"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2789658468", "A2667599598", "A2297117720", "A2227191740", "A2231974005", "A2798879809"], "author_names": ["Andrew Bradshaw", "Michael Salt", "Ashley Bell", "Matt Zeitler", "Noelle Litra", "Andrew Smith"], "reference_ids": ["W1607074280", "W1972160960", "W2085224134", "W2093434593", "W2039525899", "W2139344973", "W1588914893", "W140952802", "W2068705727", "W1998587778", "W1978585442", "W2120657153", "W2107919301", "W2071072825", "W2158541730", "W2127806194", "W1984243079", "W2163787276", "W2070338617", "W1507701447", "W2134989721", "W2024486172", "W1993791064", "W2037114064", "W2040276684", "W2122051622", "W1502941123", "W2153027939", "W1996136109"], "title": "Cross-linking by protein oxidation in the rapidly setting gel-based glues of slugs.", "abstract": "the terrestrial slug arion subfuscus secretes a glue that is a dilute gel with remarkable adhesive and cohesive strength. the function of this glue depends on metals, raising the possibility that metal-catalyzed oxidation plays a role. the extent and time course of protein oxidation was measured by immunoblotting to detect the resulting carbonyl groups. several proteins, particularly one with a relative molecular mass (m(r)) of 165 x 10\u00b3, were heavily oxidized. of the proteins known to distinguish the glue from non-adhesive mucus, only specific size variants were oxidized. the oxidation appears to occur within the first few seconds of secretion. although carbonyls were detected by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (dnph) in denatured proteins, they were not easily detected in the native state. the presence of reversible cross-links derived from carbonyls was tested for by treatment with sodium borohydride, which would reduce uncross-linked carbonyls to alcohols, but stabilize imine bonds formed by carbonyls and thus lead to less soluble complexes. consistent with imine bond formation, sodium borohydride led to a 20-35% decrease in the amount of soluble protein with a m(r) of 40-165 (x 10\u00b3) without changing the carbonyl content per protein. in contrast, the nucleophile hydroxylamine, which would competitively disrupt imine bonds, increased protein solubility in the glue. finally, the primary amine groups on a protein with a m(r) of 15 x 10\u00b3 were not accessible to acid anhydrides. the results suggest that cross-links between aldehydes and primary amines contribute to the cohesive strength of the glue.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/10/1699.full.pdf", "petalID": 136, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1018740108", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_motion", "sense_spatial_awareness/balance/orientation"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/108/27/11291", "mag_terms": ["wing", "stall", "airflow", "obstacle avoidance", "aerodynamics", "acoustics", "simulation", "geology", "flight speed", "wing membrane"], "species": ["arion subfuscus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012987012987012], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ {"paper": "W1997070607", "mesh_terms": ["Biological Evolution", "Cnidaria", "Cnidaria", "Exocytosis", "Organelles", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Cnidaria", "Cnidaria", "Cnidaria", "Organelles", "Organelles", "Organelles", "Predatory Behavior", "Predatory Behavior"], "venue_ids": ["V42803210"], "venue_names": ["Toxicon", "Nature", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2083892039", "A2155866019", "A678005329"], "author_names": ["Suat \u00d6zbek", "Prakash G. Balasubramanian", "Thomas W. Holstein"], "reference_ids": ["W1980224765", "W2084957581", "W2155516690", "W2034619842", "W2058961899", "W2109473195", "W1970611681", "W2013672413", "W2098526533", "W2132750668", "W2139055855", "W2145526732", "W2126196981", "W2007559103", "W2013278992", "W2088173510", "W2158949311", "W2015918212", "W2018225946", "W2054155836", "W1571829630", "W2021920152", "W2131938141", "W2012012629", "W2030125113", "W2087694885", "W2103230402", "W2126627393", "W2170063645", "W1855570486", "W2005899194", "W2040167886", "W2044162798", "W2052285082", "W2121064423", "W2186284724", "W2016528959", "W1998616784", "W2154026159", "W1983157157", "W2080356987", "W1994128115", "W1998248581", "W2004434946", "W1835892862", "W2004509059", "W2064478219", "W2093307347", "W2141433232", "W2028949659", "W2042139940", "W2042447398", "W2410975954", "W2038667334", "W2051313172", "W1981479216", "W2008919545", "W2184443281", "W1963740421", "W1557587222", "W2016589954", "W2021436441", "W2059072759", "W2093124002", "W234457880", "W2015913469", "W2042714094", "W2049809050", "W2059655298", "W421399162", "W1966171807", "W2026685695", "W2135535811"], "title": "Cnidocyst structure and the biomechanics of discharge.", "abstract": "the cnidocyst is the defining organelle of the cnidarians, used for capture of prey and defense. it consists of a cylindrical capsule, which releases a long tubule upon triggering. cnidocysts develop inside a giant post-golgi vesicle by a sequential accumulation of proteins from the golgi apparatus. traditionally three types of cnidocysts are distinguished: nematocysts, spirocysts, and ptychocysts. here we focus on nematocysts, the prototypic cnidocyst and by far most diverse group of cnidocysts in this phylum. the mature nematocyst capsule comprises a collagenous polymer with remarkable biophysical properties, able to withstand an osmotic pressure of 150 bar. release of the capsule and discharge is probably initiated by classical exocytosis. high-speed studies revealed the kinetics of discharge to be as short as 700 ns, generating an acceleration of 5,400,000 x g and a pressure of 7.7 gpa at the site of impact of the spines onto the prey. thus nematocysts comprise a powerful molecular spring mechanism releasing energy stored in the wall polymer in the nanosecond time range. during the last few years, genomic, biochemical and structural studies have helped to unravel the molecular composition of the nematocyst supra-structure. here we summarize these findings and present an integrative view of mechanical and molecular aspects that have shaped the nematocyst during evolution.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 147, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2011.2238", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.2238", "mag_terms": ["wing", "hummingbird", "flapping", "endoskeleton", "kinematics", "lift", "biomechanics", "rotation", "geometry", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["cnidarians"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015151515151515001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2016173006", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V118554560"], "venue_names": ["Botany", "Toxicon"], "author_ids": ["A2107228119", "A2660485470", "A2126975271"], "author_names": ["Michael B. Jackson", "Ielene B. Morrow", "Daphne J. Osborne"], "reference_ids": ["W2165847508", "W2019495346", "W1774847307", "W2016826223", "W2066639595", "W2087017636", "W2038150953", "W2069855417", "W2039852646", "W86532429", "W2011100862", "W2014514412", "W2060078486", "W2064766658", "W2104768675", "W2066871330", "W1480843139", "W1977153228", "W2027871249", "W2055820149", "W2123414642"], "title": "Abscission and dehiscence in the squirting cucumber, Ecballium elaterium. Regulation by ethylene", "abstract": "when treated with ethylene, mature fruits of the squirting cucumber (ecballium elaterium (l.) a. rich) abscind and dehisce prematurely. abscission of male flowers is also accelerated by ethylene. visible signs of senescence, a rise in ethylene production, and reduced carbon dioxide production always precede abscission or dehiscence in untreated fruits and flowers. the amounts of diffusible cellulase increase in tissues on both sides of the fruit abscission zone after exposure to ethylene. anatomical features of this abscission zone are described.the leaves of ecballium do not abscind although the blade and petiole produce large amounts of ethylene at senescence, nor do they separate when ethylene is supplied. ethylene treatment of attached fruit peduncles accelerates their rate of elongation in the growing zone below the apical hook. the regulation of growth and abscission in these organs is discussed.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 148, "doi": "10.1016/J.TOXICON.2009.03.006", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down", "modify/convert_energy", "modify_size/shape/material_properties", "manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["modify/convert_mechanical_energy", "distribute_or_expel _resources", "change_size/shape", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["distribute_solids", "capture_solids", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041010109001585?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["nematocyst", "cnidocyte", "molecular spring", "golgi apparatus", "exocytosis", "vesicle", "organelle", "biophysics", "anatomy", "biology", "time range"], "species": ["ecballium elaterium", "cucumber"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.019230769230769003], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2109089664", "mesh_terms": ["Animal Communication", "Ants", "Behavior, Animal", "Individuality", "Models, Biological", "Social Behavior", "Spatial Behavior", "Animals", "Ants", "Behavior, Animal", "Computer Simulation", "Observation", "Spatial Behavior"], "venue_ids": ["V129150467"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "Seed Biology", "Canadian Journal of Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2509077533", "A2072684241", "A563729565", "A2150170722", "A2259264738"], "author_names": ["Noa Pinter-Wollman", "Roy Wollman", "Adam Guetz", "Susan Holmes", "Deborah M. Gordon"], "reference_ids": ["W2035915927", "W2108383843", "W1994244495", "W2075803130", "W2121317744", "W2145207664", "W2157588778", "W2476889306", "W2098185196", "W2155278456", "W2014265721", "W2056580062", "W2112090702", "W2152704260", "W2008620264", "W2110138758", "W3149745985", "W2121649621", "W1969976030", "W2077527686", "W2039513813", "W2104682785", "W2119560885", "W2146815027", "W2040611166", "W2086171358", "W1532836182", "W2035590457", "W2044642916", "W2047602502", "W2097491378", "W2069879045", "W1971459665", "W2000042664", "W2149055390", "W2019774900", "W2113308403", "W2118364407", "W3154486830", "W2003853388", "W2065078894", "W2111811534", "W2136508791", "W2142635246", "W2148606196", "W2162861270", "W2124931816", "W1991718088", "W2108147626", "W2067764213", "W2089716701", "W2100556627", "W2043890595", "W2067825896", "W2006596050", "W2034352907", "W2042591446", "W2167566092", "W2130476447", "W339674347", "W2050231935", "W2136480958", "W1983248332", "W2073867301", "W2114408956", "W2129914946", "W2063931402", "W2082767830"], "title": "The effect of individual variation on the structure and function of interaction networks in harvester ants", "abstract": "social insects exhibit coordinated behaviour without central control. local interactions among individuals determine their behaviour and regulate the activity of the colony. harvester ants are recruited for outside work, using networks of brief antennal contacts, in the nest chamber closest to the nest exit: the entrance chamber. here, we combine empirical observations, image analysis and computer simulations to investigate the structure and function of the interaction network in the entrance chamber. ant interactions were distributed heterogeneously in the chamber, with an interaction hot-spot at the entrance leading further into the nest. the distribution of the total interactions per ant followed a right-skewed distribution, indicating the presence of highly connected individuals. numbers of ant encounters observed positively correlated with the duration of observation. individuals varied in interaction frequency, even after accounting for the duration of observation. an ant's interaction frequency was explained by its path shape and location within the entrance chamber. computer simulations demonstrate that variation among individuals in connectivity accelerates information flow to an extent equivalent to an increase in the total number of interactions. individual variation in connectivity, arising from variation among ants in location and spatial behaviour, creates interaction centres, which may expedite information flow.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/8/64/1562.full.pdf", "petalID": 149, "doi": "10.1139/B72-179", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "passive_movement"], "level3": ["distribute_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/b72-179", "mag_terms": ["fruit abscission", "abscission", "ecballium elaterium", "ethylene", "petiole", "dehiscence", "elongation", "botany", "biology", "carbon dioxide production"], "species": ["insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012658227848101], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2151838688", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V87569533"], "venue_names": ["Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2637493582", "A2600870704", "A2677906873", "A2496597220"], "author_names": ["Jinghong Fan", "Bin Chen", "Zhihui Gao", "Chunting Xiang"], "reference_ids": ["W227679445", "W2055346331", "W2077698919", "W2075734198", "W2792380991", "W1539764999", "W2044761170", "W2322784147", "W2009894275", "W1967517279"], "title": "Mechanisms in Failure Prevention of Bio-Materials and Bio-Structures", "abstract": "abstract nature is replete with examples of layered-structure materials that are evolved through billions of years to provide high performance. insect elytra (a portion of the exoskeleton) have evoked worldwide research attention and are believed to serve as fuselages and wings of natural aircraft. this work focuses on the relationship between structure, mechanical behavior, and failure mechanisms of the elytra. we report a failure-mode-optimization (fmo) mechanism that can explain elytra's mechanical behaviors. we show initial evidence that this mechanism makes bio-structures of low-strength materials strong and ductile that can effectively resist shear forces and crack growth. a bio-inspired design of a joint by using the fmo mechanism has been proved by experiments to have a potential to increase the interface shear strength as high as about 2.5 times. the fmo mechanism, which is based on the new concept of property-structure synergetic coupling proposed in this work, offer some thoughts to deal with t...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 150, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2011.0059", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["process_signals", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["coordinate_by_self-organization", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2011.0059", "mag_terms": ["interaction network", "nest", "animal communication", "ant", "variation", "biological system", "ecology", "biology", "movement pattern", "spatial behavior", "structure and function"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2151838688", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V87569533"], "venue_names": ["Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2637493582", "A2600870704", "A2677906873", "A2496597220"], "author_names": ["Jinghong Fan", "Bin Chen", "Zhihui Gao", "Chunting Xiang"], "reference_ids": ["W227679445", "W2055346331", "W2077698919", "W2075734198", "W2792380991", "W1539764999", "W2044761170", "W2322784147", "W2009894275", "W1967517279"], "title": "Mechanisms in Failure Prevention of Bio-Materials and Bio-Structures", "abstract": "abstract nature is replete with examples of layered-structure materials that are evolved through billions of years to provide high performance. insect elytra (a portion of the exoskeleton) have evoked worldwide research attention and are believed to serve as fuselages and wings of natural aircraft. this work focuses on the relationship between structure, mechanical behavior, and failure mechanisms of the elytra. we report a failure-mode-optimization (fmo) mechanism that can explain elytra's mechanical behaviors. we show initial evidence that this mechanism makes bio-structures of low-strength materials strong and ductile that can effectively resist shear forces and crack growth. a bio-inspired design of a joint by using the fmo mechanism has been proved by experiments to have a potential to increase the interface shear strength as high as about 2.5 times. the fmo mechanism, which is based on the new concept of property-structure synergetic coupling proposed in this work, offer some thoughts to deal with t...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 150, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2011.0059", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["process_signals"], "level3": ["respond_to_signals", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2011.0059", "mag_terms": ["interaction network", "nest", "animal communication", "ant", "variation", "biological system", "ecology", "biology", "movement pattern", "spatial behavior", "structure and function"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2092184130", "mesh_terms": ["Citrus", "Biological Transport", "Citrus", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Leaves"], "venue_ids": ["V24807848"], "venue_names": ["Physical Review Letters", "Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures"], "author_ids": ["A1102244589", "A1781837461", "A116851801"], "author_names": ["Eleni Katifori", "Gergely J. Sz\u00f6ll\u0151si", "Marcelo O. Magnasco"], "reference_ids": ["W1513973570", "W1963897110", "W2075523351", "W618245743"], "title": "Damage and fluctuations induce loops in optimal transport networks.", "abstract": "leaf venation is a pervasive example of a complex biological network, endowing leaves with a transport system and mechanical resilience. transport networks optimized for efficiency have been shown to be trees, i.e., loopless. however, dicotyledon leaf venation has a large number of closed loops, which are functional and able to transport fluid in the event of damage to any vein, including the primary veins. inspired by leaf venation, we study two possible reasons for the existence of a high density of loops in transport networks: resilience to damage and fluctuations in load. in the first case, we seek the optimal transport network in the presence of random damage by averaging over damage to each link. in the second case, we seek the network that optimizes transport when the load is sparsely distributed: at any given time most sinks are closed. we find that both criteria lead to the presence of loops in the optimum state.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/0906.0006", "petalID": 151, "doi": "10.1080/15376490590928598", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_external_forces", "manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["manage_shear", "prevent_fracture/rupture", "manage_impact"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15376490590928598", "mag_terms": ["mechanism", "shear strength", "shear force", "biochemical engineering", "structural engineering", "engineering", "bio based", "failure prevention"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2132788929", "mesh_terms": ["Microscopy, Atomic Force", "Models, Molecular", "Nanotechnology", "Proteins", "Spiders", "Animals", "Elasticity", "Macromolecular Substances", "Microscopy, Atomic Force", "Nanotechnology", "Proteins", "Proteins", "Spiders", "Spiders", "Stress, Mechanical"], "venue_ids": ["V103895331"], "venue_names": ["Nature Materials", "Physical Review Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2119947615", "A683177728", "A2062388014", "A2875190186", "A1928518165", "A2108671689", "A2030101999", "A705934576"], "author_names": ["Nathan Becker", "Emin Oroudjev", "Stephanie Mutz", "Jason Cleveland", "Paul K. Hansma", "Cheryl Y. Hayashi", "Dmitrii E. Makarov", "Helen G. Hansma"], "reference_ids": ["W1581746519", "W2001389196", "W1992516996", "W2023137124", "W1579363245", "W1996895964", "W2029033315", "W2058912578", "W2111658087", "W2062266063", "W3150248096", "W2003107912", "W2022094862", "W2161826643", "W2039772156", "W2013854174", "W2047060525", "W2089892545", "W1658845344", "W2000550628", "W2029629227", "W2047385081", "W2085458671", "W2072490257", "W2739616593", "W1987048516", "W2132504786", "W2117243692", "W1607200676", "W2056182522", "W2914712516", "W1492420763", "W2087854388", "W2065013877", "W2015667791", "W2034962948", "W2036475903", "W2061176724", "W2083109800", "W1669551441", "W1977867150", "W2097288397", "W1967300769", "W608028173", "W2132905138", "W1541980262", "W1973069050", "W2021729230", "W2089937865", "W1534116117", "W1964441323"], "title": "Molecular nanosprings in spider capture-silk threads", "abstract": "spider capture silk is a natural material that outperforms almost any synthetic material in its combination of strength and elasticity. the structure of this remarkable material is still largely unknown, because spider-silk proteins have not been crystallized. capture silk is the sticky spiral in the webs of orb-weaving spiders. here we are investigating specifically the capture spiral threads from araneus, an ecribellate orb-weaving spider. the major protein of these threads is flagelliform protein, a variety of silk fibroin. we present models for molecular and supramolecular structures of flagelliform protein, derived from amino acid sequences, force spectroscopy (molecular pulling) and stretching of bulk capture web. pulling on molecules in capture-silk fibres from araneus has revealed rupture peaks due to sacrificial bonds, characteristic of other self-healing biomaterials. the overall force changes are exponential for both capture-silk molecules and intact strands of capture silk.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 152, "doi": "10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.104.048704", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.048704", "mag_terms": ["biological network", "transport network", "resilience", "biological system", "computer science", "closed loop", "transport system"], "species": ["spiders"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.019230769230769003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2009323161", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Physiological", "Antifreeze Proteins", "Cold Temperature", "Coleoptera", "Dehydration", "Polymers", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Alaska", "Animals", "Antifreeze Proteins", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "Coleoptera", "Coleoptera", "Dehydration", "Glycerol", "Glycerol", "Indiana", "Polymers"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Nature Materials"], "author_ids": ["A3024358141", "A2222835719", "A2142701933", "A1196876089", "A2684837588", "A2975958858", "A2102051208", "A2015528947", "A2137345843", "A1431352998"], "author_names": ["Valerie A Bennett", "Todd Sformo", "Kent R. Walters", "\u00d8ivind T\u00f8ien", "Kennan Jeannet", "Ronald Hochstrasser", "Qingfeng Pan", "Anthony S. Serianni", "Brian M. Barnes", "John G. Duman"], "reference_ids": ["W2019466744", "W2602527127", "W1998472209", "W2081363317", "W2051001305", "W2046890488", "W1978413676", "W1766497954", "W2024222710", "W2017861352", "W637876090", "W2281827890", "W1560870971", "W1994341720", "W2008567609", "W1947652350", "W1902458626", "W2315873852", "W2093559694", "W2039427164", "W2171285855", "W1977077602", "W2149928611", "W2408637756", "W2039541861", "W2068784517", "W1603478415", "W1898830157", "W2083050921", "W1576264643", "W2071968694", "W2046474333"], "title": "Comparative overwintering physiology of Alaska and Indiana populations of the beetle Cucujus clavipes (Fabricius): roles of antifreeze proteins, polyols, dehydration and diapause", "abstract": "the beetle cucujus clavipes is found in north america over a broad latitudinal range from north carolina (latitude approximately 35 degrees n) to near tree line in the brooks range in alaska (latitude, approximately 67 degrees 30' n). the cold adaptations of populations from northern indiana (approximately 41 degrees 45' n) and alaska were compared and, as expected, the supercooling points (the temperatures at which they froze) of these freeze-avoiding insects were significantly lower in alaska insects. both populations produce glycerol, but the concentrations in alaska larvae were much higher than in indiana insects (approximately 2.2 and 0.5 mol l(-1), respectively). in addition, both populations produce antifreeze proteins. interestingly, in the autumn both populations have the same approximate level of hemolymph thermal hysteresis, indicative of antifreeze protein activity, suggesting that they synthesize similar amounts of antifreeze protein. a major difference is that the alaska larvae undergo extreme dehydration in winter wherein water content decreases from 63-65% body water (1.70-1.85 g h2o g(-1) dry mass) in summer to 28-40% body water (0.40-0.68 g h2o g(-1) dry mass) in winter. these 2.5-4.6-fold reductions in body water greatly increase the concentrations of antifreeze in the alaska insects. glycerol concentrations would increase to 7-10 mol l(-1) while thermal hysteresis increased to nearly 13 degrees c (the highest ever measured in any organism) in concentrated hemolymph. by contrast, indiana larvae do not desiccate in winter. the alaska population also undergoes a diapause while insects from indiana do not. the result of these, and likely additional, adaptations is that while the mean winter supercooling points of indiana larvae were approximately -23 degrees c, those of alaska larvae were -35 to -42 degrees c, and at certain times alaska c. clavipes did not freeze when cooled to -80 degrees c.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/208/23/4467.full.pdf", "petalID": 153, "doi": "10.1038/NMAT858", "level1": ["assemble/break_down_structure"], "level2": ["physically_assemble_structure"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat858", "mag_terms": ["fibroin", "silk", "araneus", "force spectroscopy", "spider", "supramolecular chemistry", "polymer science", "nanotechnology", "materials science", "natural materials"], "species": ["insects", "cucujus", "cucujus clavipes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.048076923076923, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.2, 0.2]}, @@ -161,9 +161,9 @@ {"paper": "W2325741180", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V188482970"], "venue_names": ["The Condor", "Science", "The Journal of Infectious Diseases"], "author_ids": ["A2311257212"], "author_names": ["Kevin J. McGowan"], "reference_ids": ["W2315276370", "W2327598461", "W1964194595", "W1489366593", "W2223539188", "W2511425150", "W2484965401", "W576315360", "W1598247437", "W2326129153", "W2063180849", "W2523244228", "W1139240753", "W2004077170", "W621890637", "W2030647548", "W2328491632", "W1976467600", "W3114376578"], "title": "A test of whether economy or nutrition determines fecal sac ingestion in nesting corvids", "abstract": "parent birds of many species eat the fecal sacs produced by their nestlings. two hypotheses have been proposed to explain why the parents ingest, rather than simply remove the sacs. (1) the parental nutrition hypothesis proposes that the parent benefits energetically or nutritionally from ingesting the sacs (morton 1979, gluck 1988); and (2) the economic disposal hypothesis postulates that parents incur some costs from eating waste products, but the cost of eating them is less than the benefits gained from being allowed to remain at the nest (hurd et al. 1991). behavioral data on nesting florida scrub jays (aphelocoma c. coerulescens) and american crows (corvus brachyrhynchos) support the parental nutrition, and not the economic disposal hypothesis. in both species, when two parents were present at the production of fecal sacs, the most nutritionally stressed parent, the female, ate significantly more sacs than her mate. on occasions where one adult left the nest immediately after fecal sac production and one remained, the departing adult was not more likely to dispose of the sac in either species. in neither species was a departing adult more likely to carry of a fecal sac than eat it", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 159, "doi": "10.1086/340126", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/185/9/1369/938551", "mag_terms": ["lactobacillus fermentum", "staphylococcus aureus", "lactobacillus", "probiotic", "micrococcaceae", "microbiology", "bacteria", "immunology", "biology", "surgical implant", "surgical implants"], "species": ["scrub jay", "bird", "birds", "crows", "corvus brachyrhynchos", "american crow"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.019230769230769003, 0.019230769230769003, 0.019230769230769003, 0.019230769230769003, 0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2119598981", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V58631098"], "venue_names": ["New Phytologist", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2530072677"], "author_names": ["Camilla R. Huxley"], "reference_ids": ["W640178540", "W1981485862", "W309416362", "W2315813004", "W2010468115", "W3210419542", "W2260491107", "W1966631326", "W1972310860", "W2356599320"], "title": "THE ANT\u2010PLANTS MYRMECODIA AND HYDNOPHYTUM (RUBIACEAE), AND THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THEIR MORPHOLOGY, ANT OCCUPANTS, PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY", "abstract": "summary\r\nthe history of investigation of the ant-plants is briefly reviewed and the external morphology of the plants described. within papua new guinea ant-plants are abundant in open-canopied environments and less common but more diverse in rain forest. they also occur terrestrially above 2400 m. initial tuber development was found to be similar that described by treub (1883). later cavities are formed by successive, increasingly complex phellogens. in certain myrmecodia spp. later cavities are differentiated into regions with distinct surface characteristics, shapes and positions. cavities in hydnophytum are simpler in shape but sometimes differentiated in other ways. the anatomy of the cavity surfaces, especially the putative absorption sites ('warts') is described.\r\n\r\nthe ant iridomyrmex cordatus, which is common in ant-plants in other regions, is found in ant-plants in open habitats in papua new guinea, but is replaced by i. cf. scrutator in rain forest and above 2000 m. two fungi, known also from ant-plants in java (miehe, 1911a), occur in the cavities of ant-plants throughout papua new guinea. arthrocladium sp. papend. grows on cavity surfaces where ant faecal material is present and the other (an unidentified monilialine fungus) is parasitic on smooth, clean surfaces. the former is most common and the latter almost confined to myrmecodia spp. occupied by iridomyrmex cordatus.\r\n\r\nexperiments suggested that both hydnophytum under artificial conditions and myrmecodia under field conditions grow better in the presence than absence of iridomyrmex cordatus and that the stimulus might be that of minerals supplied by the ants. radioisotopes in both organic and inorganic compounds fed to i. cordatus were deposited preferentially by the ants on the warted cavity surfaces where ant faecal material was present, and were absorbed by the plants. in the discussion it is argued that the plant/ant relationship has had a considerable influence on both the ecology and evolution of the plants, but that this varies in different species.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1978.tb02285.x", "petalID": 160, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.152.1.41", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["process_signals", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["respond_to_signals", "sense_sound/vibrations", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/152/1/41", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["plants", "tuber"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.09574468085106301, 0.01063829787234], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.11111111111111101]}, {"paper": "W2075523351", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V24807848"], "venue_names": ["Physical Review Letters", "The Condor", "The Wilson Bulletin"], "author_ids": ["A1750989958"], "author_names": ["Francis Corson"], "reference_ids": ["W2081335015", "W2092184130", "W2079196852", "W2151217944", "W2046322851", "W2062316858", "W1981327599", "W2094313374", "W2022871748", "W2051839631", "W1988490340", "W2008249443", "W2141561284"], "title": "Fluctuations and redundancy in optimal transport networks.", "abstract": "the structure of networks that provide optimal transport properties has been investigated in a variety of contexts. while many different formulations of this problem have been considered, it is recurrently found that optimal networks are trees. it is shown here that this result is contingent on the assumption of a stationary flow through the network. when time variations or fluctuations are allowed for, a different class of optimal structures is found, which share the hierarchical organization of trees yet contain loops. the transitions between different network topologies as the parameters of the problem vary are examined. these results may have strong implications for the structure and formation of natural networks, as is illustrated by the example of leaf venation networks.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/0905.4947", "petalID": 161, "doi": "10.2307/1368982", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_solids", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/condor/article-abstract/97/1/50/5126301?", "mag_terms": ["fecal sac", "corvidae", "aphelocoma", "nest", "florida scrub", "zoology", "ingestion", "feces", "biology", "behavioral data"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2076954855", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V184693934"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Tropical Ecology", "Tropics", "New Phytologist"], "author_ids": ["A2962965983", "A2298084790", "A2672031832"], "author_names": ["J.M. Dangerfield", "Terence S. McCarthy", "W. N. Ellery"], "reference_ids": ["W240981415", "W267472128", "W1992824916", "W2017964312", "W2040255058", "W2078867552", "W1988298182", "W2155639009", "W2321200026", "W310175531", "W2001887432", "W2151669361", "W1966691502", "W3005780369", "W2058975866", "W2322879550", "W1500901628", "W1981210993", "W2081926627", "W2095080658", "W1505903612", "W1985986115", "W2531295559", "W2565769057", "W2023746856", "W2053586998", "W2100804200", "W2119497130", "W2624721761", "W1479437423", "W2026399978", "W1987794412", "W2079858072", "W2331395420", "W2000767403", "W2035971845", "W2064315056", "W2087433360", "W2042258166", "W2082268168", "W2044091560", "W2065251078", "W248627453", "W2092591628", "W2142889930", "W341873110", "W2083470374"], "title": "The mound-building termite Macrotermes michaelseni as an ecosystem engineer", "abstract": "many organisms create or alter resource flows that affect the com- position and spatial arrangement of current and future organismal diversity. the phenomenon called ecosystem engineering is considered with a case study of the mound building termite macrotermes michaelseni. it is argued that this species acts as an ecosystem engineer across a range of spatial scales, from alteration of local infiltration rates to the creation of landscape mosaics, and that its impacts accrue because of the initiation of biophysical processes that often include feedback mech- anisms. these changes to resource flows are likely to persist for long periods and constrain the biological structure of the habitat. the value of ecosystem engineer- ing is discussed as a holistic way of understanding the complexity of tropical ecology.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 162, "doi": "10.1111/J.1469-8137.1978.TB02285.X", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1978.tb02285.x", "mag_terms": ["hydnophytum", "myrmecodia", "iridomyrmex", "rainforest", "rubiaceae", "evolutionary ecology", "ant", "habitat", "botany", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["macrotermes michaelseni", "macrotermes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.024390243902439], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2076954855", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V184693934"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Tropical Ecology", "Tropics", "New Phytologist"], "author_ids": ["A2962965983", "A2298084790", "A2672031832"], "author_names": ["J.M. Dangerfield", "Terence S. McCarthy", "W. N. Ellery"], "reference_ids": ["W240981415", "W267472128", "W1992824916", "W2017964312", "W2040255058", "W2078867552", "W1988298182", "W2155639009", "W2321200026", "W310175531", "W2001887432", "W2151669361", "W1966691502", "W3005780369", "W2058975866", "W2322879550", "W1500901628", "W1981210993", "W2081926627", "W2095080658", "W1505903612", "W1985986115", "W2531295559", "W2565769057", "W2023746856", "W2053586998", "W2100804200", "W2119497130", "W2624721761", "W1479437423", "W2026399978", "W1987794412", "W2079858072", "W2331395420", "W2000767403", "W2035971845", "W2064315056", "W2087433360", "W2042258166", "W2082268168", "W2044091560", "W2065251078", "W248627453", "W2092591628", "W2142889930", "W341873110", "W2083470374"], "title": "The mound-building termite Macrotermes michaelseni as an ecosystem engineer", "abstract": "many organisms create or alter resource flows that affect the com- position and spatial arrangement of current and future organismal diversity. the phenomenon called ecosystem engineering is considered with a case study of the mound building termite macrotermes michaelseni. it is argued that this species acts as an ecosystem engineer across a range of spatial scales, from alteration of local infiltration rates to the creation of landscape mosaics, and that its impacts accrue because of the initiation of biophysical processes that often include feedback mech- anisms. these changes to resource flows are likely to persist for long periods and constrain the biological structure of the habitat. the value of ecosystem engineer- ing is discussed as a holistic way of understanding the complexity of tropical ecology.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 162, "doi": "10.1111/J.1469-8137.1978.TB02285.X", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["compete_within/between_species", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1978.tb02285.x", "mag_terms": ["hydnophytum", "myrmecodia", "iridomyrmex", "rainforest", "rubiaceae", "evolutionary ecology", "ant", "habitat", "botany", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["macrotermes michaelseni", "macrotermes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.024390243902439], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2040269786", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V80967739"], "venue_names": ["Ecology Letters", "Physical Review Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2161003540"], "author_names": ["Judith L. Bronstein"], "reference_ids": ["W2043211274", "W2063029618", "W2160972734", "W2078085346", "W2046942447", "W2080712473", "W2149884362", "W2171183791", "W217870246", "W2106870040", "W1964242748", "W2062663664", "W1982113508", "W2009628795", "W2010983896", "W2317936889", "W175399685", "W1996990047", "W2035791902", "W1540003540", "W2023644733", "W1609270880", "W1996680966", "W1969366448", "W2054928034", "W2029012683", "W2064467533", "W2126569687", "W1986738940", "W2078512839", "W1975542605", "W2074892821", "W2126473281", "W2317306678", "W2312232831", "W2017518956", "W2161017596", "W2242056867", "W2046846243", "W1997160947", "W2021853746", "W1993271185", "W2011689036", "W2059745510", "W2062288054", "W2075663759", "W1987002081", "W2320680593", "W61432367", "W2118865777", "W2158370878", "W2021897582", "W1544602536", "W2117416263", "W2055340069", "W2065669015", "W2152485809", "W2032439992", "W2320453605", "W1999916297", "W2040228045", "W2087151781"], "title": "The exploitation of mutualisms", "abstract": "mutualisms (interspecific cooperative interactions) are ubiquitously exploited by organisms that obtain the benefits mutualists offer, while delivering no benefits in return. the natural history of these exploiters is well-described, but relatively little effort has yet been devoted to analysing their ecological or evolutionary significance for mutualism. exploitation is not a unitary phenomenon, but a set of loosely related phenomena: exploiters may follow mixed strategies or pure strategies at either the species or individual level, may or may not be derived from mutualists, and may or may not inflict significant costs on mutualisms. the evolutionary implications of these different forms of exploitation, especially the threats they pose to the stability of mutualism, have as yet been minimally explored. studies of this issue are usually framed in terms of a \u201ctemptation to defect\u201d that generates a destabilizing conflict of interest between partners. i argue that this idea is in fact rather inappropriate for interpreting most observed forms of exploitation in mutualisms. i suggest several alternative and testable ideas for how mutualism can persist in the face of exploitation.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 163, "doi": "10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.104.048703", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.048703", "mag_terms": ["network topology", "redundancy", "hierarchical organization", "topology", "computer science", "stationary flow", "time variations"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2036816411", "mesh_terms": ["Echidna", "Respiration", "Animals", "Echidna", "Motor Activity", "Nose", "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Soil", "Soil"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands (Biology of Habitats)", "Journal of Tropical Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2142640724", "A2162084792", "A2158283816", "A2097559606"], "author_names": ["Courtney A. Waugh", "Gordon C. Grigg", "David T. Booth", "Lyn A. Beard"], "reference_ids": ["W2273660043", "W1983413998", "W2151754097", "W2032592237", "W2398795270", "W1995622159", "W2006826351", "W106591601", "W2076983707", "W2082717652", "W1974046632", "W2070756722", "W2054340063", "W2038158674", "W1569391783"], "title": "Respiration by buried echidnas Tachyglossus aculeatus", "abstract": "short-beaked echidnas have an impressive ability to submerge completely into soil or sand and remain there, cryptic, for long periods. this poses questions about how they manage their respiration, cut off from a free flow of gases. we measured the gradient in oxygen partial pressure (p-o2) away from the snouts of buried echidnas and oxygen consumption (v-o2) in five individuals under similar conditions, in two substrates with different air-filled porosities (f(a)). a theoretical diffusion model indicated that diffusion alone was insufficient to account for the flux of oxygen required to meet measured rates of v-o2. however, it was noticed that echidnas often showed periodic movements of the anterior part of the body, as if such movements were a deliberate effort to flush the tidal air space surrounding their nostrils. these 'flushing movements' were subsequently found to temporarily increase the levels of interstitial oxygen in the soil around the head region. flushing movements were more frequent while v-o2 was higher during the burrowing process, and also in substrate with lower fa. we conclude that oxygen supply to buried echidnas is maintained by diffusion through the soil augmented by periodic flushing movements, which ventilate the tidal airspace that surrounds the nostrils.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/209/5/938.full.pdf", "petalID": 164, "doi": "10.1017/S0266467498000364", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-tropical-ecology/article/moundbuilding-termite-macrotermes-michaelseni-as-an-ecosystem-engineer/D44E0079BFF2661218B93083F070B562", "mag_terms": ["macrotermes michaelseni", "ecosystem engineer", "macrotermes", "ecosystem", "tropical ecology", "resource", "habitat", "ecology", "range", "biology"], "species": ["echidnas", "short-beaked echidna"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.072727272727272, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, + {"paper": "W2036816411", "mesh_terms": ["Echidna", "Respiration", "Animals", "Echidna", "Motor Activity", "Nose", "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Soil", "Soil"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands (Biology of Habitats)", "Journal of Tropical Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2142640724", "A2162084792", "A2158283816", "A2097559606"], "author_names": ["Courtney A. Waugh", "Gordon C. Grigg", "David T. Booth", "Lyn A. Beard"], "reference_ids": ["W2273660043", "W1983413998", "W2151754097", "W2032592237", "W2398795270", "W1995622159", "W2006826351", "W106591601", "W2076983707", "W2082717652", "W1974046632", "W2070756722", "W2054340063", "W2038158674", "W1569391783"], "title": "Respiration by buried echidnas Tachyglossus aculeatus", "abstract": "short-beaked echidnas have an impressive ability to submerge completely into soil or sand and remain there, cryptic, for long periods. this poses questions about how they manage their respiration, cut off from a free flow of gases. we measured the gradient in oxygen partial pressure (p-o2) away from the snouts of buried echidnas and oxygen consumption (v-o2) in five individuals under similar conditions, in two substrates with different air-filled porosities (f(a)). a theoretical diffusion model indicated that diffusion alone was insufficient to account for the flux of oxygen required to meet measured rates of v-o2. however, it was noticed that echidnas often showed periodic movements of the anterior part of the body, as if such movements were a deliberate effort to flush the tidal air space surrounding their nostrils. these 'flushing movements' were subsequently found to temporarily increase the levels of interstitial oxygen in the soil around the head region. flushing movements were more frequent while v-o2 was higher during the burrowing process, and also in substrate with lower fa. we conclude that oxygen supply to buried echidnas is maintained by diffusion through the soil augmented by periodic flushing movements, which ventilate the tidal airspace that surrounds the nostrils.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/209/5/938.full.pdf", "petalID": 164, "doi": "10.1017/S0266467498000364", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-tropical-ecology/article/moundbuilding-termite-macrotermes-michaelseni-as-an-ecosystem-engineer/D44E0079BFF2661218B93083F070B562", "mag_terms": ["macrotermes michaelseni", "ecosystem engineer", "macrotermes", "ecosystem", "tropical ecology", "resource", "habitat", "ecology", "range", "biology"], "species": ["echidnas", "short-beaked echidna"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.072727272727272, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2068341432", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V157690423"], "venue_names": ["Animal Behaviour", "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B", "Evolution", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Chemoecology", "Exploring the World of Insects: The Equinox Guide to Insect Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A3174413526", "A2133431614"], "author_names": ["Daniel Weihs", "Gadi Katzir"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "Bill sweeping in the spoonbill, Platalea leucordia: evidence for a hydrodynamic function", "abstract": "abstract spp., ciconiiformes) characteristically feed by wading in shallow water and rhythmically sweeping their submerged and partially opened bills in an arc. this bill sweeping contrasts with the direct grasp, strike or stab employed by related species (storks, ciconiidae; herons, ardeidae) for similar prey (crustaceans, fish). a related feature of spoonbills is the shape of the bill: both upper and lower mandibles are dorso-ventrally flattened, the upper mandible being convex in cross section while the lower is tucked in, to result in an almost flat surface. the bill is wide throughout and broadens at the distal end. the hypothesis presented here is that spoonbills use their broad, flattened bills and lateral sweeping to shed a vortex off the tip of the bill that results in hydrodynamic suction on the bottom, which disturbs and moves prey. to achieve this the bill is used as a hydrofoil. the analysis predicts, and experimental results show that (1) in feeding, the tip of the bill is kept close to the bottom, (2) there is an inverse relationship between bill immersion depth and sweeping speed, and (3) bill sweeping over submerged prey results in the prey being lifted into the water column. this is the first reported case of an avian bill being used as a hydrofoil.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 165, "doi": "10.1046/J.1461-0248.2001.00218.X", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["compete_within/between_species", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00049-009-0036-4", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "cheating", "temptation", "ecology", "biology", "evolutionary significance", "individual level"], "species": ["ciconiidae", "crustaceans", "aves", "ciconiiformes", "herons", "fish", "storks", "platalea", "ardeidae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016129032258064002, 0.016129032258064002, 0.016129032258064002, 0.016129032258064002, 0.016129032258064002, 0.016129032258064002, 0.016129032258064002, 0.016129032258064002, 0.016129032258064002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2257205232", "mesh_terms": ["Behavior, Animal", "Coleoptera", "Light", "Animals", "Female", "Male"], "venue_ids": ["V122176235"], "venue_names": ["The American Naturalist", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Journal of Mammalogy"], "author_ids": ["A2094218530", "A2130255033"], "author_names": ["Parrish C. Brady", "Molly E. Cummings"], "reference_ids": ["W2130306437", "W2082139265", "W1975037843", "W2113007429", "W1741010197", "W1863715486", "W1913099556", "W2051452080", "W2049026140", "W588364153", "W2082281944", "W2053333948", "W2014443275", "W2121061717", "W2137019934", "W2141426967", "W2094371466", "W2340023044", "W3136072279", "W1494089036", "W2086497558", "W2055259494", "W2064236139", "W2137487759"], "title": "Differential Response to Circularly Polarized Light by the Jewel Scarab Beetle Chrysina gloriosa", "abstract": "circularly polarized light is rare in the terrestrial environment, and cuticular reflections from scarab beetles are one of the few natural sources. chrysina gloriosa leconte 1854, a scarab beetle found in montane juniper forests of the extreme southwestern united states and northern mexico, are camouflaged in juniper foliage; however, when viewed with right circularly polarizing filters, the beetles exhibit a stark black contrast. given the polarization-specific changes in the appearance of c. gloriosa, we hypothesized that c. gloriosa can detect circularly polarized light. we tested for phototactic response and differential flight orientation of c. gloriosa toward different light stimuli. chrysina gloriosa exhibited (a) positive phototaxis, (b) differential flight orientation between linear and circularly polarized light stimuli of equal intensities, and (c) discrimination between circularly polarized and unpolarized lights of different intensities consistent with a model of circular polarization sensitivity based on a quarter-wave plate. these results demonstrate that c. gloriosa beetles respond differentially to circularly polarized light. in contrast, chrysina woodi horn 1885, a close relative with reduced circularly polarized reflection, exhibited no phototactic discrimination between linear and circularly polarized light. circularly polarized sensitivity may allow c. gloriosa to perceive and communicate with conspecifics that remain cryptic to predators, reducing indirect costs of communication.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 166, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.02063", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_solids", "distribute_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/209/5/938", "mag_terms": ["echidna", "flushing", "respiration", "monotreme", "oxygen", "substrate", "hydrology", "ecology", "biology", "air space", "oxygen supply"], "species": ["beetles", "gloriosa", "chrysina", "scarab beetles"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.030303030303030002, 0.10606060606060601, 0.045454545454545005, 0.015151515151515001], "relative_relevancy": [0.28571428571428503, 1.0, 0.42857142857142805, 0.14285714285714202]}, {"paper": "W879037883", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V33108253"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Bionic Engineering", "Animal Behaviour", "Waterbirds", "Journal of Avian Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World"], "author_ids": ["A2670859872", "A2161407247", "A2564225487", "A3185551752"], "author_names": ["Fei Li", "Tianjiang Hu", "Guangming Wang", "Lincheng Shen"], "reference_ids": ["W1957563271", "W2183172413", "W2021232183", "W2766607630", "W2218476846", "W2023846584", "W1938917647", "W1003963031", "W1549935978", "W2121285128"], "title": "Locomotion of Gymnarchus niloticus : Experiment and kinematics", "abstract": "in addition to forward undulatory swimming, gymnarchus niloticus can swim via undulations of the dorsal fin while the body axis remains straight; furthermore, it swims forward and backward in a similar way, which indicates that the undulation of the dorsal fin can simultaneously provide bidirectional propulsive and maneuvering forces with the help of the tail fin. a high-resolution charge-coupled device (ccd) imaging camera system is used to record kinematics of steady swimming as well as maneuvering in g. niloticus. based on experimental data, this paper discusses the kinematics (cruising speed, wave speed, cycle frequency, amplitude, lateral displacement) of forward as well as backward swimming and maneuvering. during forward swimming, the propulsive force is generated mainly by undulations of the dorsal fin while the body axis remains straight. the kinematic parameters (wave speed, wavelength, cycle frequency, amplitude) have statistically significant correlations with cruising speed. in addition, the yaw at the head is minimal during steady swimming. from experimental data, the maximal lateral displacement of head is not more than 1% of the body length, while the maximal lateral displacement of the whole body is not more than 5% of the body length. another important feature is that g. niloticus swims backwards using an undulatory mechanism that resembles the forward undulatory swimming mechanism. in backward swimming, the increase of lateral displacement of the head is comparatively significant; the amplitude profiles of the propulsive wave along the dorsal fin are significantly different from those in forward swimming. when g. niloticus does fast maneuvering, its body is first bent into either a c shape or an s shape, then it is rapidly unwound in a travelling wave fashion. it rarely maneuvers without the help of the tail fin and body bending.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 167, "doi": "10.1006/ANBE.1994.1088", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "active_movement", "passive_movement"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347284710888", "mag_terms": ["spoonbill", "waves and shallow water", "predation", "geometry", "geology", "ecology", "ciconiiformes", "flat surface"], "species": ["gymnarchus niloticus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0]}, @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ {"paper": "W2177026666", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V121830084", "V121830084"], "venue_names": ["BioScience", "BioScience"], "author_ids": ["A1972409737", "A2123225654", "A2006052522"], "author_names": ["Neeltje J. Boogert", "David M. Paterson", "Kevin N. Laland"], "reference_ids": ["W2054040890", "W2090688544", "W1980177068", "W2091320917", "W2027345174", "W2102200338", "W2138087132", "W2168696601", "W171461912", "W2017713833", "W2151669361", "W1978723196", "W2185752871", "W1992652075", "W2138692982", "W2162512820", "W2165103974", "W102229387", "W1985809273", "W2036527036", "W2107540936", "W1983328908", "W2024714395", "W2031104100", "W2143114357", "W2560693675", "W2585702521", "W2043670801", "W2099622325", "W1970804419", "W2029732055", "W2056893793", "W2173552790", "W1967901188", "W2103011364", "W2148001066", "W1529373216", "W2183760586", "W2078172606", "W2126561381", "W2334377694", "W17221546", "W2085422013", "W2119539489", "W1533696952", "W2132662783", "W2064739657", "W2136284908", "W3019288066"], "title": "The Implications of Niche Construction and Ecosystem Engineering for Conservation Biology", "abstract": "abstract although strategies to conserve biodiversity (e.g., the establishment of reserves and the management of flagship, umbrella, indicator, and keystone species) are valuable, they entail practical and conceptual difficulties. a focus on niche construction and ecosystem engineering, however, could provide new insights and methods for conservation biology. many organisms modulate the availability of resources to other species by causing state changes in biotic or abiotic materials (ecosystem engineering), in the process frequently changing the selection to which the ecosystem engineers and other organisms are exposed (niche construction). we describe growing evidence that organisms have significant nontrophic impacts on ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity, and outline established means of identifying key species involved in niche construction. on the basis of this engineering perspective, we propose a number of measures that could be employed to enhance conservation efforts.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-pdf/56/7/570/19414871/56-7-570.pdf", "petalID": 189, "doi": "10.1016/S0006-3495(01)76093-6", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_ice"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1301312/", "mag_terms": ["antifreeze protein", "ice nucleus", "pseudomonas syringae", "membrane protein", "circular dichroism", "peptide sequence", "biophysics", "pseudomonas", "biochemistry", "biology", "bacterial outer membrane proteins"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2054029286", "mesh_terms": ["Acclimatization", "Amphibians", "Cold Climate", "Hibernation", "Ambystoma", "Ambystoma", "Amphibians", "Animals", "Bufonidae", "Bufonidae", "Freezing", "Ranidae", "Ranidae", "Seasons", "Species Specificity", "Urodela", "Urodela"], "venue_ids": ["V126806126"], "venue_names": ["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology", "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B", "Evolution", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Chemoecology", "Exploring the World of Insects: The Equinox Guide to Insect Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A2168922825", "A1989136780"], "author_names": ["Kenneth B. Storey", "Janet M. Storey"], "reference_ids": ["W1982761652", "W2023843391", "W2151308470", "W2053114850", "W1592051560", "W1991365945", "W2007057750", "W2319689578", "W2019619772", "W2084398593", "W2072615130", "W2065635837", "W2067915181", "W2088511878", "W2058186120", "W2061463856"], "title": "Freeze tolerance and intolerance as strategies of winter survival in terrestrially-hibernating amphibians.", "abstract": "the ability to tolerate extracellular freezing as an adaptation for winter survival was tested in seven species of terrestrially-hibernating amphibians found in eastern canada. all species had only moderate supercooling abilities, with whole animal supercooling points of -1.5 to -3 degrees c. two salamander species, plethodon cinereus and ambystoma laterale, and the toad, bufo americanus, were freezing intolerant and were killed when frozen for 24 hr at temperatures just below their supercooling points. the major winter strategy of these animals appears to behavioural avoidance of subzero temperatures. four species of frogs rana sylvatica, hyla versicolor, hyla crucifer and pseudacris triseriata, survived extracellular freezing at moderate subzero temperatures (-2 to -4 degrees c) for periods of time ranging up to 2 weeks. all four frog species accumulated low molecular weight carbohydrates as cryoprotectants, glycerol being the major cryoprotectant in adult h. versicolor, while immature adults of this species as well as the other three species all produced high levels of glucose as the cryoprotectant.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 190, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0904304106", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["compete_within/between_species", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/106/43/18091", "mag_terms": ["nectar secretion", "mutualism", "myrmecophyte", "pseudomyrmex", "obligate", "nectar", "clade", "host", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["amphibians", "ambystoma laterale", "plethodon cinereus", "frogs", "pseudacris triseriata", "hyla", "plethodon"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016666666666666, 0.0, 0.016666666666666, 0.016666666666666, 0.016666666666666, 0.033333333333333, 0.016666666666666], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W1994553113", "mesh_terms": ["Nucleocapsid Proteins", "RNA, Viral", "Vesiculovirus", "Vesiculovirus", "Viral Matrix Proteins", "Cryoelectron Microscopy", "Crystallography, X-Ray", "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "Lipid Bilayers", "Models, Molecular", "Mutagenesis", "Nucleocapsid Proteins", "Nucleocapsid Proteins", "Nucleocapsid Proteins", "Protein Conformation", "Protein Structure, Secondary", "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "Protein Subunits", "Protein Subunits", "RNA, Viral", "RNA, Viral", "Vesiculovirus", "Vesiculovirus", "Viral Matrix Proteins", "Viral Matrix Proteins", "Virion", "Virion", "Virion", "Virus Assembly"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Science", "Veterinary Ophthalmology"], "author_ids": ["A2683669242", "A2305669738", "A1991137955", "A2111034249", "A2290683078", "A2135099992"], "author_names": ["Peng Ge", "Jun Tsao", "Stan Schein", "Todd Green", "Ming Luo", "Z. Hong Zhou"], "reference_ids": ["W1588006079", "W2089565248", "W2118379112", "W1985393230", "W2168918490", "W1995387813", "W2102296603", "W1624020394", "W1983747221", "W2013776247", "W2053032921", "W2014568747", "W1973063795", "W2026488805", "W2140181549", "W2078193384", "W2150701651", "W1913994512", "W1830441222", "W2037374013"], "title": "Cryo-Em Model of the Bullet-Shaped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus.", "abstract": "vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is a bullet-shaped rhabdovirus and a model system of negative-strand rna viruses. through direct visualization by means of cryo-electron microscopy, we show that each virion contains two nested, left-handed helices: an outer helix of matrix protein m and an inner helix of nucleoprotein n and rna. m has a hub domain with four contact sites that link to neighboring m and n subunits, providing rigidity by clamping adjacent turns of the nucleocapsid. side-by-side interactions between neighboring n subunits are critical for the nucleocapsid to form a bullet shape, and structure-based mutagenesis results support this description. together, our data suggest a mechanism of vsv assembly in which the nucleocapsid spirals from the tip to become the helical trunk, both subsequently framed and rigidified by the m layer.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2892700?pdf=render", "petalID": 191, "doi": "10.1111/J.1463-5224.2004.00318.X", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_light_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738502", "mag_terms": ["tapetum lucidum", "tapetum", "retinal", "zoology", "biology", "morphology", "botany", "animal species", "feeding behavior", "reflective layer", "visual sensitivity"], "species": ["vesicular stomatitis virus", "rna viruses", "negative-strand rna viruses"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.020408163265306003, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, - {"paper": "W2042409347", "mesh_terms": ["Neurodegenerative Diseases", "Neuronal Plasticity", "Neurons", "Proteins", "Synapses", "Alzheimer Disease", "Alzheimer Disease", "Animals", "Humans", "Neurodegenerative Diseases", "Neurodegenerative Diseases", "Neurons", "Parkinson Disease", "Parkinson Disease", "Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex", "Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex", "Proteins", "Synapses", "Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes", "Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes"], "venue_ids": ["V45757444"], "venue_names": ["Neuron", "BioScience", "Ecology", "Ecosystem Management"], "author_ids": ["A2098398852", "A2895524318"], "author_names": ["Baris Bingol", "Morgan Sheng"], "reference_ids": ["W2046244922", "W2127639747", "W2038719756", "W2122791600", "W2002044194", "W2021608362", "W2047211900", "W2099421316", "W1718839160", "W1969342645", "W2005461829", "W2028267102", "W2050658556", "W2069243189", "W2109363402", "W2050711545", "W1964259998", "W2002559713", "W2088660706", 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"W62603772", "W1538925586", "W2078072437", "W1975974821", "W2024386053", "W2118639179", "W1971853176", "W1977390447", "W2000874341", "W2036950925", "W2078531394", "W1893871726", "W1911664005", "W1977637789", "W2013215890", "W2022812113", "W2041102021", "W2107493006", "W2117847158", "W2130040193", "W2138247439", "W2158021569", "W1983532821", "W2029333902", "W2118225942", "W1511827873", "W2122922661", "W2149631083", "W2155015733", "W2020128907", "W2092759474", "W2116598203", "W2132728901", "W2168538246", "W2061822901", "W2113455273", "W2138311396", "W1970436894", "W2027002330", "W2078708066", "W2086677084", "W2128537698", "W1972378799", "W1981571957", "W2034087770", "W2067220287", "W2120640283", "W2148714108", "W2151538478", "W1964104625", "W1986552075", "W1987700535", "W1991211989", "W1998164719", "W2018228226"], "title": "Deconstruction for Reconstruction: The Role of Proteolysis in Neural Plasticity and Disease", "abstract": "the brain changes in response to experience and altered environment. this neural plasticity is largely mediated by morphological and functional modification of synapses, a process that depends on both synthesis and degradation of proteins. it is now clear that regulated proteolysis plays a critical role in the remodeling of synapses, learning and memory, and neurodevelopment. here, we highlight the mechanisms and functions of proteolysis in synaptic plasticity and discuss its alteration in disease states.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.006", "petalID": 192, "doi": "10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[570:TIONCA]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/56/7/570/234327", "mag_terms": ["niche construction", "ecosystem services", "ecosystem health", "ecosystem engineer", "ecological inheritance", "keystone species", "conservation biology", "biodiversity", "environmental resource management", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2042409347", "mesh_terms": ["Neurodegenerative Diseases", "Neuronal Plasticity", "Neurons", "Proteins", "Synapses", "Alzheimer Disease", "Alzheimer Disease", "Animals", "Humans", "Neurodegenerative Diseases", "Neurodegenerative Diseases", "Neurons", "Parkinson Disease", "Parkinson Disease", "Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex", "Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex", "Proteins", "Synapses", "Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes", "Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes"], "venue_ids": ["V45757444"], "venue_names": ["Neuron", "BioScience", "Ecology", "Ecosystem Management"], "author_ids": ["A2098398852", "A2895524318"], "author_names": ["Baris Bingol", "Morgan Sheng"], "reference_ids": ["W2046244922", "W2127639747", "W2038719756", "W2122791600", "W2002044194", "W2021608362", "W2047211900", "W2099421316", "W1718839160", "W1969342645", "W2005461829", "W2028267102", "W2050658556", "W2069243189", "W2109363402", "W2050711545", "W1964259998", "W2002559713", "W2088660706", "W1968957266", "W2018359045", "W2060776482", "W2131041787", "W1968011510", "W1987578342", "W1992577657", "W2050068554", "W2065382820", "W1987927755", "W2000432680", "W2045855955", "W2047537735", "W2117308838", "W2167115031", "W1976727470", "W1986413832", "W2012223887", "W2037873496", "W2046511552", "W2055561304", "W2076743021", "W2110520657", "W2112329697", "W1968055671", "W1971616282", "W1983523416", "W2031305815", "W2128101513", "W1979007603", "W1999168255", "W2014301084", "W2031259748", "W2061913729", "W2108326484", "W2118612617", "W2171824086", "W1996224026", "W2025116212", "W2026175550", "W2027436298", "W2068288454", "W2075059777", "W2109773179", "W2147065485", "W2045647507", "W2092310066", "W1984624523", "W2019986273", "W2026663553", "W2078613709", "W2169442239", "W2125058860", "W1897589155", "W2017688356", "W2046141144", "W2054855377", "W2091187766", "W1877873625", "W1999153033", "W2064827935", "W2066358591", "W1860804003", "W2047636274", "W2049613365", "W2154096590", "W62603772", "W1538925586", "W2078072437", "W1975974821", "W2024386053", "W2118639179", "W1971853176", "W1977390447", "W2000874341", "W2036950925", "W2078531394", "W1893871726", "W1911664005", "W1977637789", "W2013215890", "W2022812113", "W2041102021", "W2107493006", "W2117847158", "W2130040193", "W2138247439", "W2158021569", "W1983532821", "W2029333902", "W2118225942", "W1511827873", "W2122922661", "W2149631083", "W2155015733", "W2020128907", "W2092759474", "W2116598203", "W2132728901", "W2168538246", "W2061822901", "W2113455273", "W2138311396", "W1970436894", "W2027002330", "W2078708066", "W2086677084", "W2128537698", "W1972378799", "W1981571957", "W2034087770", "W2067220287", "W2120640283", "W2148714108", "W2151538478", "W1964104625", "W1986552075", "W1987700535", "W1991211989", "W1998164719", "W2018228226"], "title": "Deconstruction for Reconstruction: The Role of Proteolysis in Neural Plasticity and Disease", "abstract": "the brain changes in response to experience and altered environment. this neural plasticity is largely mediated by morphological and functional modification of synapses, a process that depends on both synthesis and degradation of proteins. it is now clear that regulated proteolysis plays a critical role in the remodeling of synapses, learning and memory, and neurodevelopment. here, we highlight the mechanisms and functions of proteolysis in synaptic plasticity and discuss its alteration in disease states.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.006", "petalID": 192, "doi": "10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[570:TIONCA]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/56/7/570/234327", "mag_terms": ["niche construction", "ecosystem services", "ecosystem health", "ecosystem engineer", "ecological inheritance", "keystone species", "conservation biology", "biodiversity", "environmental resource management", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2266528034", "mesh_terms": ["Ants", "Biological Evolution", "Fabaceae", "Polygonaceae", "Symbiosis", "Americas", "Animals", "Ants", "Ants", "DNA, Plant", "DNA, Plant", "Evolution, Molecular", "Fabaceae", "Fabaceae", "Insect Proteins", "Insect Proteins", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Phylogeny", "Plant Proteins", "Plant Proteins", "Polygonaceae", "Polygonaceae", "Sequence Analysis, DNA"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature", "Copeia", "Climate Research", "Canadian Journal of Zoology", "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2000605815", "A2132274478", "A691794860"], "author_names": ["Guillaume Chomicki", "Philip S. Ward", "Susanne S. Renner"], "reference_ids": ["W2136938561", "W2151236863", "W2151409320", "W2153820124", "W1956572257", "W2112776483", "W2110047881", "W2127776188", "W2294527666", "W2097159115", "W2171695241", "W2128191801", "W2273750238", "W2133870991", "W1522592213", "W2098732866", "W2053566953", "W2002480715", "W2006145603", "W2026062398", "W2032082831", "W2148698435", "W2261508767", "W2010727650", "W2179331560", "W2133045466", "W2157131981", "W2160378127", "W2155026826", "W2141052558", "W2262050179", "W1526736553", "W2022751627", "W2125111407", "W2097382368", "W2158834809", "W1540220489", "W2121606158", "W2158309104", "W1969042907", "W1982914195", "W2025265330", "W2137678962", "W2256135240", "W2769331648", "W2137714402", "W2158210524", "W2144897832", "W2016636298", "W2039081334", "W2101327359", "W1964494363", "W2169752264", "W2110192501", "W2130406345"], "title": "Macroevolutionary assembly of ant/plant symbioses: Pseudomyrmex ants and their ant-housing plants in the Neotropics.", "abstract": "symbioses include some of the clearest cases of coevolution, but their origin, loss or reassembly with different partners can rarely be inferred. here we use ant/plant symbioses involving three plant clades to investigate the evolution of symbioses. we generated phylogenies for the big-eyed arboreal ants (pseudomyrmecinae), including 72% of their 286 species, as well as for five of their plant host groups, in each case sampling more than 61% of the species. we show that the ant-housing vachellia (mimosoideae) clade and its ants co-diversified for the past 5 ma, with some species additionally colonized by younger plant-nesting ant species, some parasitic. an apparent co-radiation of ants and tachigali (caesalpinioideae) was followed by waves of colonization by the same ant clade, and subsequent occupation by a younger ant group. wide crown and stem age differences between the ant-housing genus triplaris (polygonaceae) and its obligate ant inhabitants, and stochastic trait mapping, indicate that its domatium evolved earlier than the ants now occupying it, suggesting previous symbioses that dissolved. parasitic ant species evolved from generalists, not from mutualists, and are younger than the mutualistic systems they parasitize. our study illuminates the macroevolutionary assembly of ant/plant symbioses, which has been highly dynamic, even in very specialized systems.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2015.2200", "petalID": 193, "doi": "10.1016/0300-9629(86)90699-7", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "protect_from_ice"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0300962986906997?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["hyla", "cryoprotectant", "bufo", "caudata", "toad", "salamander", "ambystoma laterale", "hibernation", "zoology", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["polygonaceae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016666666666666], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2139677735", "mesh_terms": ["Ranidae", "Ranidae", "Toes", "Toes", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Friction", "Mucus", "Mucus", "Ranidae", "Toes"], "venue_ids": ["V129150467"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A640597877", "A2324675129", "A2135145164", "A2060464504", "A3205358830"], "author_names": ["Walter Federle", "W. J. P. Barnes", "Werner Baumgartner", "Patrick Drechsler", "Joanna Smith"], "reference_ids": ["W1971879741", "W2166676768", "W2137434240", "W1985832221", "W2030966994", "W2134932825", "W1973605022", "W2117033489", "W1981998149", "W1981983487", "W2041771997", "W1989881526", "W31672563", "W2021349636", "W2497620507", "W2039941968", "W2127985834", "W1976012750", "W2033483581", "W2135372088", "W2313946522", "W2078790694", "W2124236844", "W2115877466", "W1619640521", "W2056539355", "W2080059908", "W2102501940", "W2012460246", "W2134581541", "W2018239627", "W2010465190", "W2104312889", "W2006639103", "W2017485976", "W2032621787", "W2129678820"], "title": "Wet but not slippery: boundary friction in tree frog adhesive toe pads", "abstract": "tree frogs are remarkable for their capacity to cling to smooth surfaces using large toe pads. the adhesive skin of tree frog toe pads is characterized by peg-studded hexagonal cells separated by deep channels into which mucus glands open. the pads are completely wetted with watery mucus, which led previous authors to suggest that attachment is solely due to capillary and viscous forces generated by the fluid-filled joint between the pad and the substrate. here, we present evidence from single-toe force measurements, laser tweezer microrheometry of pad mucus and interference reflection microscopy of the contact zone in litoria caerulea, that tree frog attachment forces are significantly enhanced by close contacts and boundary friction between the pad epidermis and the substrate, facilitated by the highly regular pad microstructure.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1664653?pdf=render", "petalID": 194, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1181766", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["physically_assemble_structure", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["prevent/allow_deformation", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/327/5966/689", "mag_terms": ["vesicular stomatitis virus", "helix", "cryo electron microscopy", "rna", "rhabdoviridae", "nucleoprotein", "protein structure", "protein subunit", "biophysics", "crystallography", "biology"], "species": ["tree frogs", "caerulea", "frogs"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.023809523809523003, 0.023809523809523003], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2073276318", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V130108588"], "venue_names": ["Journal of the Optical Society of America", "Neuron"], "author_ids": ["A2572527895", "A2162613357", "A2629715120"], "author_names": ["Crawford H. Greenewalt", "Werner Brandt", "Daniel D. Friel"], "reference_ids": ["W2041579772", "W2070526945", "W2051452080", "W1979714610", "W2331207712", "W2330876906", "W2072695324", "W2013468575"], "title": "Iridescent Colors of Hummingbird Feathers", "abstract": "the reflectance spectra of iridescent hummingbird feathers were measured spectrophotometrically for many species, and the structure of the iridescent parts of such feathers investigated by electron microscopy. in the direction normal to the iridescent feather surfaces the structure is found to be periodic in optical dimensions. it consists of stacks of 7\u201315 elliptical platelets of a material with refractive index ~2, each containing a structurally reinforced air gap. to interpret the reflectance spectra in terms of the surface structures, a theory is given of reflection coefficients of stratified media with analytic refractive-index variations. the theory is applied to the iridescence of hummingbird feathers and accounts quantitatively for the iridescent colors as interference colors by reflection from the observed feather structures.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 195, "doi": "10.1016/J.NEURON.2010.11.006", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["process_signals", "chemically_break_down"], "level3": ["convert_signals", "chemically_break_down_organic_compounds", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(10)00913-X?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS089662731000913X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue", "mag_terms": ["metaplasticity", "synaptic scaling", "developmental plasticity", "synaptic plasticity", "neuroplasticity", "proteolysis", "neuroscience", "cell biology", "disease", "biology", "functional modification"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ {"paper": "W2042135802", "mesh_terms": ["Muscle, Skeletal", "Struthioniformes", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Female", "Hindlimb", "Hindlimb", "Hindlimb", "Joints", "Joints", "Joints", "Male", "Muscle Contraction", "Muscle Contraction", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Pelvis", "Range of Motion, Articular", "Running", "Struthioniformes", "Struthioniformes", "Tendons", "Tendons"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V31465112", "V31465112"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Anatomy", "Journal of Anatomy", "Copeia"], "author_ids": ["A2327317609", "A2315143806", "A2095466581", "A2531004330"], "author_names": ["Nicola C. Smith", "R. C. Payne", "Karin J. M. Jespers", "Alan M. Wilson"], "reference_ids": ["W2001793234", "W1985358067", "W2029641455", "W2036054972", "W2172219853", "W1822521223", "W2005283842", "W2137621701", "W2001117118", "W2017960653", "W1964933893", "W2150007373", "W1968720839", "W2124213974", "W2075484582", "W2115516181", "W2415339886", "W1970283154", "W2034409218", "W2083752220", "W1984996776", "W2169587666", "W1992073689", "W199714776", "W1982064100", "W1981589302"], "title": "Muscle moment arms of pelvic limb muscles of the ostrich (Struthio camelus).", "abstract": "muscle moment arms were measured for major muscles of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (struthio camelus) in order to assess specific functional behaviour and to apply this to locomotor performance. pelvic limbs of six juvenile ostriches were used for this study. the tendon travel technique was used to measure moment arms of 21 muscles at the hip, knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints throughout the ranges of motion observed during level running. six of the 21 muscles measured were found to have moment arms that did not change with joint angle, whilst the remainder all demonstrated angle-dependent changes for at least one of the joints crossed. moment arm lengths tended to be longest for the large proximal muscles, whilst the largest relative changes were found for the moment arms of the distal muscles. for muscles where moment arm varied with joint angle: all hip muscles were found to have increasing moment arms with extension of the joint, knee flexors were found to have moment arms that increased with extension, knee extensor moment arms were found to increase with flexion and ankle extensor moment arms increased with extension. the greatest relative changes were observed in the flexors of the metatarsophalangeal joint, for which a three-fold increase in moment arm was observed from flexion to full extension. changes in muscle moment arm through the range of motion studied appear to optimize muscle function during stance phase, increasing the effective mechanical advantage of these muscles.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00762.x", "petalID": 224, "doi": "10.2307/1442721", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_loss_of_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1442721?origin=crossref&seq=1", "mag_terms": ["siren intermedia", "aestivation", "amphibian", "desiccation", "aquatic ecosystem", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["struthio camelus", "ostriches", "camelus", "ostrich"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.011627906976744, 0.011627906976744, 0.023255813953488], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1994244510", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V43139658"], "venue_names": ["Materials Science and Engineering: C", "Integrative and Comparative Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2148241695", "A2308763855", "A2119804873", "A2716676076", "A2467376367"], "author_names": ["Chang-An Wang", "Yong Huang", "Qingfeng Zan", "Hai Guo", "Shengyou Cai"], "reference_ids": ["W2027223817", "W2155814208", "W2397253627", "W1975180553", "W2094760408", "W2165072840"], "title": "Biomimetic structure design \u2014 a possible approach to change the brittleness of ceramics in nature\u2606", "abstract": "based on the analysis on structure of natural biomaterials, two kinds of ceramic composites with high toughness have been designed and prepared: one is fibrous monolithic si3n4/bn composite imitating bamboos or trees in structure, the other is laminated si3n4/bn composite imitating nacre in structure. plastic forming methods, including extrusion and roll compaction, respectively, followed by hot-pressed sintering are used to prepare these two materials with particular structures. both of the two composites have high values of fracture toughness and work of fracture: fracture toughness are 24 mpa m1/2 and 28 mpa m1/2, respectively, for fibrous monolithic and laminated si3n4/bn composites, and works of fracture are both more than 4000 j/m2. the load-displacement curves reveal that these two materials with biomimetic structure exhibit non-brittle feature when applied load to fracture. through analysis on fractographs of the materials, it is revealed that high toughness comes from the synergistic toughening among multi-level toughening mechanisms in different scales: weak interfaces, whiskers and elongated grains toughening in ceramic matrix cells.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 225, "doi": "10.1093/ICB/ICQ122", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "attach"], "level2": ["active_movement", "manage_stress_strain", "attach_permanently", "passive_movement"], "level3": ["prevent_fracture/rupture"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/50/5/888/644877", "mag_terms": ["climbing", "cognitive science", "ecology", "biology", "aquatic organisms"], "species": ["bamboo", "bamboos"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017857142857142003, 0.017857142857142003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2064323158", "mesh_terms": ["Insecta", "Spiders", "Animals", "Insecta", "Spiders", "Static Electricity"], "venue_ids": ["V196734849"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Scientific Reports", "Nature Reviews Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2559520501", "A2165653886"], "author_names": ["Victor Manuel Ortega-Jimenez", "Robert Dudley"], "reference_ids": ["W1963480352", "W2019008419", "W1996283236", "W2051034101", "W1999149107", "W2046356805", "W2142203021", "W2027985597", "W2072544504", "W2075577640", "W2091561404", "W2097306134", "W2135759563", "W1966209694", "W1981776790", "W2171894978", "W2320627724", "W2020984819", "W2022094862", "W2057546224", "W2173865880", "W1979321496", "W2061176724", "W1990995848", "W2093591338"], "title": "Spiderweb deformation induced by electrostatically charged insects.", "abstract": "capture success of spider webs has been associated with their microstructure, ornamentation, and wind-induced vibrations. indirect evidence suggests that statically charged objects can attract silk thread, but web deformations induced by charged insects have not yet been described. here, we show under laboratory conditions that electrostatically charged honeybees, green bottle flies, fruit flies, aphids, and also water drops falling near webs of cross-spiders (araneus diadematus) induce rapid thread deformation that enhances the likelihood of physical contact, and thus of prey capture.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/srep02108.pdf", "petalID": 226, "doi": "10.1038/NRMICRO1442", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_electrical_energy"], "level3": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro1442", "mag_terms": ["exoelectrogen", "oxidizing agent", "microbial metabolism", "fermentation", "carbon dioxide", "microorganism", "bioelectric energy sources", "electron transport chain", "pulp and paper industry", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["honeybee", "aphids", "bottle flies", "insects", "flies", "fruit flies", "fruit fly", "araneus diadematus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.032258064516129004, 0.032258064516129004, 0.032258064516129004, 0.032258064516129004, 0.06451612903225801, 0.032258064516129004, 0.032258064516129004, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0]}, - {"paper": "W2119026147", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V31549366"], "venue_names": ["Aquatic Microbial Ecology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2503537078", "A2462951000", "A2806045793", "A195277255"], "author_names": ["Norman S. H. Lim", "Kim J. Everuss", "Amanda E. Goodman", "Kirsten Benkendorff"], "reference_ids": ["W1902527990", "W2038184539", "W2036594376", "W2118001436", "W2135290867", "W1971699317", "W1985124646", "W2154254835", "W2211876917", "W1747094814", "W1988645502", "W2147194694", "W58024457", "W2101300654", "W2111524491", "W2045364862", "W2084345660", "W2127445413", "W2493242409", "W39067300", "W2068717435", "W2142161977", "W599547539", "W2054658238", "W2126680053", "W2025354353", "W2087251105", "W2100740388", "W2110451696", "W2159719504", "W2012861040", "W2135756262", "W1504153995", "W2110057319", "W2110532306", "W2147664587", "W1595503624", "W1992815403", "W2010650898", "W589803189", "W2041463577", "W2118023881", "W21649462", "W1997421397", "W2049148240", "W2595618460", "W633847370", "W2099452066", "W2147295044", "W1578612956", "W92572262", "W1567312100", "W2021172977", "W2002041120", "W2032579724", "W2181054746", "W2086451945", "W1981831467", "W1987784732", "W2153046501", "W2064001070", "W2272721976", "W1980707972", "W1988670428", "W1632329287", "W1823152288", "W2098913039", "W2045099735"], "title": "Comparison of surface microfouling and bacterial attachment on the egg capsules of two molluscan species representing Cephalopoda and Neogastropoda", "abstract": "many organisms naturally defend themselves against microbial attachment and biofoul- ing in the marine environment. in this study, we investigated microbial fouling on 2 molluscan egg capsules using scanning electron microscopy (sem), two-photon laser scanning microscopy (tplsm) with bacterial viability staining and bacterial attachment experiments with the biofilm-forming pseudoalteromonas sp. s91 in flow chambers. results indicated that early stage egg capsules of dicathais orbita (neogastropoda) are relatively free of surface microorganisms. egg capsules during the trocophore stage had a regularly ridged microtexture, but as capsules matured, shedding of the outer wall was observed, followed by the extrusion of unidentified droplets, which then accumulated on the capsule surface in association with bacteria. by comparison, the egg capsules of sepioteuthis australis (cephalopoda) were found to have an irregular surface with many hills and valleys that accommodate colonization by a variety of microorganisms. at the later stages of development these squid egg capsules become heavily colonized by algal spores. cross sections of egg capsules revealed that s. australis capsule walls were about 12 times thicker than d. orbita egg capsules. staining the egg capsules with baclight\u2122 also revealed a significantly thicker biofilm, with more live and dead bacteria on s. australis capsules than on those of d. orbita (p < 0.05). flow chamber exper- iments indicated that the surface of s. australis capsules provided a suitable substrate for colonization by pseudoalteromonas sp. s91, whereas colonization was significantly less on d. orbita egg capsules after 24 and 72 h (p < 0.01). these experiments indicated that d. orbita egg capsules are better defended against fouling microbes than are the eggs of s. australis. d. orbita appears to use a combi- nation of physical, mechanical and possibly chemical defense mechanisms to reduce fouling on their egg capsules.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/ame2007/47/a047p275.pdf", "petalID": 227, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1018259108", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/108/16/6497", "mag_terms": ["oophila", "ambystoma maculatum", "population", "algae", "green algae", "ultrastructure", "symbiosis", "embryonic stem cell", "cell biology", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria", "cephalopoda", "dicathais orbita", "sepioteuthis australis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016949152542372, 0.008474576271186, 0.008474576271186, 0.008474576271186], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]}, + {"paper": "W2119026147", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V31549366"], "venue_names": ["Aquatic Microbial Ecology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2503537078", "A2462951000", "A2806045793", "A195277255"], "author_names": ["Norman S. H. Lim", "Kim J. Everuss", "Amanda E. Goodman", "Kirsten Benkendorff"], "reference_ids": ["W1902527990", "W2038184539", "W2036594376", "W2118001436", "W2135290867", "W1971699317", "W1985124646", "W2154254835", "W2211876917", "W1747094814", "W1988645502", "W2147194694", "W58024457", "W2101300654", "W2111524491", "W2045364862", "W2084345660", "W2127445413", "W2493242409", "W39067300", "W2068717435", "W2142161977", "W599547539", "W2054658238", "W2126680053", "W2025354353", "W2087251105", "W2100740388", "W2110451696", "W2159719504", "W2012861040", "W2135756262", "W1504153995", "W2110057319", "W2110532306", "W2147664587", "W1595503624", "W1992815403", "W2010650898", "W589803189", "W2041463577", "W2118023881", "W21649462", "W1997421397", "W2049148240", "W2595618460", "W633847370", "W2099452066", "W2147295044", "W1578612956", "W92572262", "W1567312100", "W2021172977", "W2002041120", "W2032579724", "W2181054746", "W2086451945", "W1981831467", "W1987784732", "W2153046501", "W2064001070", "W2272721976", "W1980707972", "W1988670428", "W1632329287", "W1823152288", "W2098913039", "W2045099735"], "title": "Comparison of surface microfouling and bacterial attachment on the egg capsules of two molluscan species representing Cephalopoda and Neogastropoda", "abstract": "many organisms naturally defend themselves against microbial attachment and biofoul- ing in the marine environment. in this study, we investigated microbial fouling on 2 molluscan egg capsules using scanning electron microscopy (sem), two-photon laser scanning microscopy (tplsm) with bacterial viability staining and bacterial attachment experiments with the biofilm-forming pseudoalteromonas sp. s91 in flow chambers. results indicated that early stage egg capsules of dicathais orbita (neogastropoda) are relatively free of surface microorganisms. egg capsules during the trocophore stage had a regularly ridged microtexture, but as capsules matured, shedding of the outer wall was observed, followed by the extrusion of unidentified droplets, which then accumulated on the capsule surface in association with bacteria. by comparison, the egg capsules of sepioteuthis australis (cephalopoda) were found to have an irregular surface with many hills and valleys that accommodate colonization by a variety of microorganisms. at the later stages of development these squid egg capsules become heavily colonized by algal spores. cross sections of egg capsules revealed that s. australis capsule walls were about 12 times thicker than d. orbita egg capsules. staining the egg capsules with baclight\u2122 also revealed a significantly thicker biofilm, with more live and dead bacteria on s. australis capsules than on those of d. orbita (p < 0.05). flow chamber exper- iments indicated that the surface of s. australis capsules provided a suitable substrate for colonization by pseudoalteromonas sp. s91, whereas colonization was significantly less on d. orbita egg capsules after 24 and 72 h (p < 0.01). these experiments indicated that d. orbita egg capsules are better defended against fouling microbes than are the eggs of s. australis. d. orbita appears to use a combi- nation of physical, mechanical and possibly chemical defense mechanisms to reduce fouling on their egg capsules.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/ame2007/47/a047p275.pdf", "petalID": 227, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1018259108", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/108/16/6497", "mag_terms": ["oophila", "ambystoma maculatum", "population", "algae", "green algae", "ultrastructure", "symbiosis", "embryonic stem cell", "cell biology", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria", "cephalopoda", "dicathais orbita", "sepioteuthis australis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016949152542372, 0.008474576271186, 0.008474576271186, 0.008474576271186], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W1617075509", "mesh_terms": ["Butterflies", "Cyanides", "Plant Leaves", "Animals", "Butterflies", "Cyanides", "Humans", "Hydrogen Cyanide", "Hydrogen Cyanide", "Nitriles", "Nitriles", "Plant Leaves", "Rosales", "Rosales"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands (Biology of Habitats)", "Association of State Wetland Managers, Inc.", "Landscape Ecology", "Nature Communications"], "author_ids": ["A2189977861", "A2941031302", "A2278794720"], "author_names": ["Helene S. Engler", "Kevin C. Spencer", "Lawrence E. Gilbert"], "reference_ids": ["W594606469", "W1988814245", "W2007813752", "W2481407199", "W2053658458", "W2016996630", "W1969946114", "W2072400610", "W1553682840"], "title": "Preventing cyanide release from leaves.", "abstract": "organisms that produce hydrogen cyanide gas to protect themselves against predators can do so by the enzymatic breakdown of a class of compounds known as cyanogens (such as cyanogenic glycosides)1,2. here we show how a neotropical butterfly, heliconius sara, can avoid the harmful effects of the cyanogenic leaves of passiflora auriculata (passion vine), on which its larvae feed exclusively. to our knowledge this is the first example of an insect that is able to metabolize cyanogens and thereby prevent the release of cyanide. the mechanistic details of this pathway might suggest new ways to make cyanogenic crops more useful as a food source.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 228, "doi": "10.1038/NCOMMS13835", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13835", "mag_terms": ["wetland", "soil carbon", "carbon cycle", "climate change", "biosphere", "carbon", "soil water", "environmental protection", "disturbance", "environmental science", "ecology"], "species": ["passiflora", "heliconius sara", "heliconius", "passiflora auriculata"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.032258064516129004, 0.032258064516129004, 0.032258064516129004, 0.032258064516129004], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2125434395", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V158656174"], "venue_names": ["Behaviour", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Anatomy"], "author_ids": ["A2111366898", "A2158434997", "A2028245970", "A2325781642", "A2757419430", "A2161131700", "A2074378575"], "author_names": ["David N. Wiley", "Colin Ware", "Alessandro Bocconcelli", "Danielle Cholewiak", "Ari S. Friedlaender", "Michael A. Thompson", "Mason T. Weinrich"], "reference_ids": ["W2174627990", "W86470743", "W2026706200", "W2050265514", "W65886606", "W2138022589", "W2032334361", "W2063792498", "W2123363845", "W2171823600", "W2031266710", "W1974640802", "W2105879912", "W2005044884", "W2316286409", "W2939451103", "W2137506746", "W2146361582", "W2189378145", "W2093715673", "W2118721716", "W571401453", "W1964662386", "W1973066077", "W2105788569", "W2013508463", "W1504828190", "W2145680098", "W2184316534", "W2041735822", "W2046782053", "W2076391036"], "title": "Underwater components of humpback whale bubble-net feeding behaviour", "abstract": "summary humpback whales (megaptera novaeangliae) employ a unique and complex foraging behaviour \u2014 bubble-netting \u2014 that involves expelling air underwater to form a vertical cylinder-ring of bubbles around prey. we used digital suction cup tags (dtags) that concurrently measure pitch, roll, heading, depth and sound (96 khz sampling rate), to provide the first depiction of the underwater behaviours in which humpback whales engage during bubble-net feeding. body mechanics and swim paths were analysed using custom visualization software that animates the underwater track of the whale and quantifies tag sensor values. bubble production was identified aurally and through spectrographic analysis of tag audio records. we identified two classes of behaviour (upward-spiral; 6 animals, 118 events and double-loop; 3 animals, 182 events) that whales used to create bubble nets. specifically, we show the actual swim path of the whales (e.g., number of revolutions, turning rate, depth interval of spiral), when and where in the process bubbles were expelled and the pattern of bubble expulsion used by the animals. relative to other baleanopterids, bubble-netting humpbacks demonstrate increased manoeuvrability probably aided by a unique hydrodynamicly enhanced body form. we identified an approximately 20 m depth or depth interval limit to the use of bubble nets and suggest that this limit is due to the physics of bubble dispersal to which humpback whales have behaviourally adapted. all animals were feeding with at", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 229, "doi": "10.1111/J.1469-7580.2007.00762.X", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00762.x", "mag_terms": ["ankle", "range of motion", "moment", "metatarsophalangeal joints", "biomechanics", "tendon", "mechanical advantage", "anatomy", "struthio", "medicine"], "species": ["whale", "whales", "megaptera novaeangliae", "humpback whale", "humpback"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.05, 0.0375, 0.0, 0.025, 0.05], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.7499999999999991, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2113480198", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V157690423"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Animal Behaviour", "Materials Science and Engineering"], "author_ids": ["A2075617528", "A2006078598", "A693254871", "A2140687559", "A1969951894"], "author_names": ["Damien R. Farine", "Lucy M. Aplin", "Colin J. Garroway", "Richard P. Mann", "Ben C. Sheldon"], "reference_ids": ["W2043882266", "W2069558041", "W2147449010", "W2168608236", "W2081125336", "W2159614198", "W789129907", "W2043542234", "W2055555120", "W1973893299", "W2002266200", "W2144713064", "W2085857551", "W2086817244", "W2168502565", "W3150700316", "W2099888920", "W2063702754", "W2068585217", "W1881045119", "W2139721006", "W2159437434", "W1537470538", "W2103612250", "W589337778", "W2039319629", "W2057411632", "W585834013", "W2079583100", "W2112164016", "W2129658697", "W1984934536", "W1998143474", "W2054278534", "W2097490641", "W2582743722", "W1963520959", "W2171407302", "W2171618781", "W2077284418", "W2046490337", "W2122607084", "W607660952", "W2086660007", "W1989994056", "W2095385728", "W1975680834", "W2100056587", "W2103760774", "W2122711476", "W2004191206", "W2046664622"], "title": "Collective decision making and social interaction rules in mixed-species flocks of songbirds", "abstract": "associations in mixed-species foraging groups are common in animals, yet have rarely been explored in the context of collective behaviour. despite many investigations into the social and ecological conditions under which individuals should form groups, we still know little about the specific behavioural rules that individuals adopt in these contexts, or whether these can be generalized to heterospecifics. here, we studied collective behaviour in flocks in a community of five species of woodland passerine birds. we adopted an automated data collection protocol, involving visits by rfid-tagged birds to feeding stations equipped with antennae, over two winters, recording 91\u2008576 feeding events by 1904 individuals. we demonstrated highly synchronized feeding behaviour within patches, with birds moving towards areas of the patch with the largest proportion of the flock. using a model of collective decision making, we then explored the underlying decision rule birds may be using when foraging in mixed-species flocks. the model tested whether birds used a different decision rule for conspecifics and heterospecifics, and whether the rules used by individuals of different species varied. we found that species differed in their response to the distribution of conspecifics and heterospecifics across foraging patches. however, simulating decisions using the different rules, which reproduced our data well, suggested that the outcome of using different decision rules by each species resulted in qualitatively similar overall patterns of movement. it is possible that the decision rules each species uses may be adjusted to variation in mean species abundance in order for individuals to maintain the same overall flock-level response. this is likely to be important for maintaining coordinated behaviour across species, and to result in quick and adaptive flock responses to food resources that are patchily distributed in space and time.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.07.008", "petalID": 230, "doi": "10.1016/S0928-4931(00)00133-8", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_fracture/rupture"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0928493100001338?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["toughness", "fracture toughness", "ceramic", "brittleness", "ceramic matrix composite", "composite number", "fracture", "extrusion", "composite material", "materials science"], "species": ["bird", "birds"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.05747126436781601, 0.05747126436781601], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ {"paper": "W2134774200", "mesh_terms": ["Fireflies", "Fireflies", "Light", "Luminescence", "Optics and Photonics", "Animals", "Equipment Design", "Fireflies", "Luminescent Measurements", "Microscopy", "Microscopy", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Models, Statistical", "Refractometry", "Tomography", "Tomography"], "venue_ids": ["V178776955"], "venue_names": ["Optics Express", "Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"], "author_ids": ["A2113862101", "A2031919308", "A1989714124", "A2792556445"], "author_names": ["Annick Bay", "Peter Cloetens", "Heikki Suhonen", "Jean-Pol Vigneron"], "reference_ids": ["W2105598235", "W2118914178", "W2041063759", "W2041718488", "W2057931791", "W1967773410", "W2057743894", "W2170701060", "W2053073519", "W2020616936", "W2070542517", "W1976404721", "W2139275024", "W2112456573"], "title": "Improved light extraction in the bioluminescent lantern of a Photuris firefly (Lampyridae)", "abstract": "a common problem of light sources emitting from an homogeneous high-refractive index medium into air is the loss of photons by total internal reflection. bioluminescent organisms, as well as artificial devices, have to face this problem. it is expected that life, with its mechanisms for evolution, would have selected appropriate optical structures to get around this problem, at least partially. the morphology of the lantern of a specific firefly in the genus photuris has been examined. the optical properties of the different parts of this lantern have been modelled, in order to determine their positive or adverse effect with regard to the global light extraction. we conclude that the most efficient pieces of the lantern structure are the misfit of the external scales (which produce abrupt roughness in air) and the lowering of the refractive index at the level of the cluster of photocytes, where the bioluminescent production takes place.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.000764", "petalID": 248, "doi": "10.1007/BF00300577", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["individual_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00300577", "mag_terms": ["cooperative breeding", "helping behavior", "population", "animal ecology", "kinship", "clan", "paternal care", "extended family", "demography", "biology"], "species": ["photuris"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.023809523809523003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2084807586", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V110876149"], "venue_names": ["Trees-structure and Function", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A1988087151", "A1926354752"], "author_names": ["Asish Kumar Parida", "Bhavanath Jha"], "reference_ids": ["W94427011", "W1994351543", "W1996763233", "W2018444986", "W2042719178", "W2047204294", "W2048572646", "W2138032440", "W2138361175", "W2159758546", "W626438612", "W2014579208", "W2023399488", "W2045956004", "W2076290598", "W2099201535", "W2111499738", "W2144313523", "W2052268079", "W2173302724", "W49878745", "W1977676778", "W2004156796", "W2145179591", "W2272014419", "W1533634326", "W2036060436", "W2073266480", "W2118686090", "W2161156928", "W2031858382", "W2062252722", "W2104516568", "W2173823057", "W2000254324", "W2097404112", "W2106119906", "W2325437768", "W1544988024", "W1967023952", "W2037445113", "W1980579405", "W2009222460", "W2165023717", "W2166108635", "W2463285475", "W1975942503", "W1991831937", "W2005166052", "W2090907801", "W2129851059", "W2148457643", "W1496793704", "W1976049943", "W1996280524", "W2012623595", "W1996274619", "W2001892563", "W2018783974", "W2095388247", "W2321614984", "W1251708405", "W2046244358", "W2063553514", "W2086502385", "W2326339627", "W2009222432", "W175648319", "W1603821642", "W1997211022", "W2009802522", "W2016395460", "W2017770433", "W2064777447", "W2075704063", "W2083176101", "W2094638763", "W2111005906", "W2125219010", "W2186362826", "W2247764069", "W2911116932", "W85937622", "W1989412199", "W2080742646", "W2083669931", "W384245518", "W1987550050", "W2034521685", "W2042104453", "W2068929299", "W2131455916", "W2481086180", "W2222795500", "W1997301069", "W2022334122", "W2050378014", "W2006584361", "W2028956313", "W2101107048", "W2184634584", "W2323005446", "W2337778210", "W145281756", "W2026479180", "W2033247048", "W2043488561", "W2110627230", "W2194761418", "W2330239353", "W2330529444", "W3174700054", "W2005482913", "W2007564026", "W2069000697", "W2135018494", "W2141563594", "W1970413872", "W2032426396", "W2034192008", "W2140031547", "W303563911", "W1773605728", "W1987693658", "W2027998395", "W2128007876", "W1967164790", "W1992614791", "W2003775056", "W2070911923", "W2105910176", "W1972292074", "W1981277489", "W2413744593", "W155070713", "W1553665927", "W2006267782", "W2044286127", "W1983664154", "W2030821666", "W2048018173", "W2149194559", "W1918260619", "W1963708658", "W2012044946", "W2034093343", "W2048751762", "W2068826970", "W2099524374", "W2139880471", "W2765268003", "W1972306801", "W1982035769", "W1988328982", "W1990800401", "W1999877947", "W2018409882", "W2039503982", "W2102710551", "W2132514511", "W2476279890"], "title": "Salt tolerance mechanisms in mangroves: a review", "abstract": "mangroves are woody plants which form the dominant vegetation in tidal, saline wetlands along tropical and subtropical coasts. the current knowledge concerning the most striking feature of mangroves i.e., their unique ability to tolerate high salinity is summarized in the present review. in this review, we shall discuss recent studies that have focused on morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic attributes associated with the response to salinity, some of which presumably function to mediate salt tolerance in the mangroves. here we shall also review the major advances recently made at both the genetic and the genomic levels in mangroves. salinity tolerance in mangroves depends on a range of adaptations, including ion compartmentation, osmoregulation, selective transport and uptake of ions, maintenance of a balance between the supply of ions to the shoot, and capacity to accommodate the salt influx. the tolerance of mangroves to a high saline environment is also tightly linked to the regulation of gene expression. by integrating the information from mangroves and performing comparisons among species of mangroves and non-mangroves, we could give a general picture of salt tolerance mechanisms of mangroves, thus providing a new avenue for development of salt tolerance in crop plants through effective breeding strategies and genetic engineering techniques.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 249, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1060281", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_gases", "distribute_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/292/5526/2495", "mag_terms": ["nitrogenase", "nitrogen fixation", "bacteria", "nitrogen cycle", "treponema", "symbiosis", "nitrogen balance", "microbiology", "spirochaetaceae", "biology"], "species": ["plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.027397260273972], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1965756913", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Physiological", "Desiccation", "Droughts", "Magnoliopsida", "Magnoliopsida"], "venue_ids": ["V193523036"], "venue_names": ["Planta", "Current Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2430917038", "A2160081516"], "author_names": ["Dagmar Voigt", "Stanislav N. Gorb"], "reference_ids": ["W2043969456", "W594777219", "W1790260050", "W2140959636", "W2006655734", "W1546569547", "W2164924981", "W2160451341", "W2315467627", "W2148296597", "W2781398187", "W2491718500", "W2517433614", "W3014803932", "W2114037226", "W392726061", "W3144832281", "W2061009427"], "title": "Desiccation resistance of adhesive secretion in the protocarnivorous plant Roridula gorgonias as an adaptation to periodically dry environment.", "abstract": "to analyse the change of mass in the resinous secretion of roridula gorgonias, we carried out long-term measurements using a computerised ultra microbalance. in contrast to the aqueous mucilage of other carnivorous flypaper traps, this water-insoluble secretion does not desiccate even in dead and formalin-preserved plants. we found no significant desiccation of secretory drops within 10 h of continuous weighing. after 100 days of the secretion exposure to dry conditions, only about 8% of the mass was lost. interestingly, returning these samples to humid conditions resulted in a mass recovery to the initial amount. this property of the secretion is discussed as an ecological adaptation to the periodically dry fynbos habitat of the plant.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 250, "doi": "10.1016/J.CUB.2019.01.026", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_sound/vibrations"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)30028-4?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982219300284%3Fshowall%3Dtrue", "mag_terms": ["sound pressure", "formant", "tone", "aedes aegypti", "johnston s organ", "range", "loudspeaker", "audiology", "biology", "speech spectrum"], "species": ["plants", "roridula gorgonias"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.029411764705882002, 0.029411764705882002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2059554751", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V98276404"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Insect Physiology", "BioScience", "Science of the Total Environment", "Mammal Review", "Geophysical Research Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2715345378", "A2627127410"], "author_names": ["H. E. Hinton", "G.M. Jarman"], "reference_ids": ["W2718481377", "W2031661113", "W2019271988", "W2090902798", "W1972989632", "W2746863266"], "title": "Physiological colour change in the elytra of the hercules beetle, Dynastes hercules", "abstract": "abstract if an elytron is removed from a live beetle, it changes colour in response to changes in relative humidity exactly like the elytron left attached. when a restricted area of the elytra is subjected to a humidity that normally causes blackening and an adjacent area to a humidity that normally causes yellowing, both change colour in the expected way. this local control of colour change seems to preclude hormonal control. it is suggested that the epidermal cells or both the epidermal and blood cells in the elytra are responsible for the hydration and dehydration of the layer of yellow sponge.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 251, "doi": "10.1002/GRL.50710", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50710", "mag_terms": ["beaver", "floodplain", "overbank", "total organic carbon", "organic matter", "national park", "sediment", "glacial period", "hydrology", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": ["beetles", "dynastes", "dynastes hercules"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014492753623188002, 0.014492753623188002, 0.014492753623188002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2059554751", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V98276404"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Insect Physiology", "BioScience", "Science of the Total Environment", "Mammal Review", "Geophysical Research Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2715345378", "A2627127410"], "author_names": ["H. E. Hinton", "G.M. Jarman"], "reference_ids": ["W2718481377", "W2031661113", "W2019271988", "W2090902798", "W1972989632", "W2746863266"], "title": "Physiological colour change in the elytra of the hercules beetle, Dynastes hercules", "abstract": "abstract if an elytron is removed from a live beetle, it changes colour in response to changes in relative humidity exactly like the elytron left attached. when a restricted area of the elytra is subjected to a humidity that normally causes blackening and an adjacent area to a humidity that normally causes yellowing, both change colour in the expected way. this local control of colour change seems to preclude hormonal control. it is suggested that the epidermal cells or both the epidermal and blood cells in the elytra are responsible for the hydration and dehydration of the layer of yellow sponge.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 251, "doi": "10.1002/GRL.50710", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50710", "mag_terms": ["beaver", "floodplain", "overbank", "total organic carbon", "organic matter", "national park", "sediment", "glacial period", "hydrology", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": ["beetles", "dynastes", "dynastes hercules"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014492753623188002, 0.014492753623188002, 0.014492753623188002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2009299168", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V31493525"], "venue_names": ["University of the Western Cape - UWC Research Repository", "South African Journal of Botany", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2107005350", "A1809589213", "A1131885684", "A2091855670"], "author_names": ["C.W. Daniels", "Wilfred T. Mabusela", "Jeanine L. Marnewick", "Alex J. Valentine"], "reference_ids": ["W1506720700", "W1970479418", "W2136775576", "W2117191867", "W2213577922", "W1988348070", "W2025481445", "W2154782974", "W2041578220", "W2079022320", "W2093488136", "W2126905809", "W2590440425", "W2230543580", "W1877601592", "W2031331775", "W2087454403", "W2099441075", "W2133626948", "W1977527926", "W2017167433", "W1983325908", "W2478793003", "W2017587201", "W2164318073", "W2793776463", "W3036727350", "W98973265", "W2122312969", "W2607848614", "W1990533021", "W1515650978", "W3045105989"], "title": "Photosynthetic adaptation of two semi-arid species of Gethyllis (Kukumakranka) to drought-and-shade stress", "abstract": "abstract gethyllis multifolia and gethyllis villosa are winter-growing, summer-blooming, deciduous and bulbous geophytes that grow naturally in the semi-arid \u2018succulent karoo biome\u2019 of south africa. g. multifolia is threatened in its natural habitat and resides in the \u2018vulnerable\u2019 category of the \u2018red data list of southern african plants\u2019. previous investigations suggested that g. multifolia is more sensitive to drought stress than g. villosa and that both species adopted certain morphological changes in their leaves during shade stress. current models indicate that this biome is being exposed to increasingly drier conditions and shading from encroaching indigenous plant species. in this study, the photosynthetic gas exchange responses of both species to drought and shade stresses were investigated and the \u2018vulnerable\u2019 conservation status of g. multifolia. this investigation found that during drought stress g. villosa had a more enhanced photosynthetic performance than g. multifolia which appears not to be related to foliar adaptations such as specific leaf mass (slm), but to the g. villosa's leaves maintaining their stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic light compensation (lcp) and photon yields. furthermore, during shade stress g. villosa also had an improved photosynthetic performance by not altering its photosynthetic lcp during reduced light conditions. it can be concluded that g. multifolia has a lower capacity than g. villosa to adapt its photosynthetic apparatus to changing environments such as increasing drought and shaded conditions. this may be a contributing factor to the threatened conservation status of g. multifolia.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.03.018", "petalID": 252, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2007.1338", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids", "distribute_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2007.1338", "mag_terms": ["sherwood number", "shear stress", "blood flow", "coronary arteries", "mass transfer", "coronary circulation", "flow", "artery", "mechanics", "materials science", "anatomy"], "species": ["plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011627906976744], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2109590493", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V45305740"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Materials Chemistry", "Optics Express"], "author_ids": ["A44219264", "A1971104018"], "author_names": ["Joanna Aizenberg", "Gordon Hendler"], "reference_ids": ["W2085891680", "W1995013265", "W2093188711", "W1479283379", "W2153165215", "W3201834794", "W1560068742", "W2019867710", "W2034924421", "W2041680090", "W1484646597", "W2034048545", "W2032127570", "W2092425956", "W1994195265", "W2028922610", "W2058169564", "W2108299019", "W2009564154", "W1982897289", "W185380398", "W2395721109", "W1979883063", "W2094040104", "W310766676", "W2087958259", "W1972579411", "W2009256793", "W2002928212", "W2080586353", "W2080606853", "W2124424452"], "title": "Designing efficient microlens arrays: lessons from Nature", "abstract": "nature provides a whole host of superior multifunctional structures that can be used as inspirational systems for the design and synthesis of new, technologically important materials and devices. we review here the exceptional optical performance of microlens arrays formed by light-sensitive brittlestars, their structural and compositional features, and advantageous properties. we show that brittlestars form a nearly perfect optical device with micron-scale, lightweight, mechanically strong, aberration-free, birefringence-free, individually-addressed lenses, which offer a unique focusing effect, signal enhancement, intensity adjustment, angular selectivity, and photochromic activity. we discuss first materials fabrication strategies that were inspired by the principles involved in the formation of echinoderm calcitic structures. the biomimetic synthetic microlens arrays could be potentially used as highly tunable optical elements for a wide variety of applications.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 253, "doi": "10.1364/OE.21.000764", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["distribute_or_expel_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-21-1-764", "mag_terms": ["lampyridae", "photuris", "lantern", "total internal reflection", "bioluminescence", "photocyte", "refractive index", "optics", "physics", "firefly protocol"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2003258297", "mesh_terms": ["Conserved Sequence", "Silk", "Silk", "Spiders", "Animals", "Calorimetry, Differential Scanning", "Circular Dichroism", "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "Models, Molecular", "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "Silk", "Spectrometry, Fluorescence", "Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared", "Spiders"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2233085967", "A336553541", "A2793424964", "A1799807321", "A2041684158", "A2231921895", "A2137033775"], "author_names": ["Franz Hagn", "Lukas Eisoldt", "John G. Hardy", "Charlotte Vendrely", "Murray Coles", "Thomas Scheibel", "Horst Kessler"], "reference_ids": ["W2052708596", "W2053202752", "W2125408080", "W1496368635", "W1989339803", "W2141150276", "W2166071706", "W2008232759", "W2143550120", "W2074933480", "W2114463903", "W2029859679", "W2029297916", "W2004786630", "W2051293563", "W1973897761", "W2000255543", "W2147081520", "W172193357", "W2050421918", "W2151881328", "W2161826643", "W2111555751", "W1556815263", "W2141137083", "W1589295940", "W1658845344", "W2040892517", "W1977824589", "W1964908044", "W2170671445", "W1973892669", "W1998816055", "W1986191025", "W2010822247", "W2077990286"], "title": "A conserved spider silk domain acts as a molecular switch that controls fibre assembly", "abstract": "a huge variety of proteins are able to form fibrillar structures, especially at high protein concentrations. hence, it is surprising that spider silk proteins can be stored in a soluble form at high concentrations and transformed into extremely stable fibres on demand. silk proteins are reminiscent of amphiphilic block copolymers containing stretches of polyalanine and glycine-rich polar elements forming a repetitive core flanked by highly conserved non-repetitive amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal domains. the n-terminal domain comprises a secretion signal, but further functions remain unassigned. the c-terminal domain was implicated in the control of solubility and fibre formation initiated by changes in ionic composition and mechanical stimuli known to align the repetitive sequence elements and promote beta-sheet formation. however, despite recent structural data, little is known about this remarkable behaviour in molecular detail. here we present the solution structure of the c-terminal domain of a spider dragline silk protein and provide evidence that the structural state of this domain is essential for controlled switching between the storage and assembly forms of silk proteins. in addition, the c-terminal domain also has a role in the alignment of secondary structural features formed by the repetitive elements in the backbone of spider silk proteins, which is known to be important for the mechanical properties of the fibre.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/12571193/manuscript_pure.pdf", "petalID": 254, "doi": "10.1007/S00468-010-0417-X", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00468-010-0417-x", "mag_terms": ["mangrove", "wetland", "salinity", "propagule", "adaptation", "ecology", "woody plant", "range", "osmoprotectant", "botany", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, @@ -273,10 +273,10 @@ {"paper": "W2059641851", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V155333626"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology", "Nature Chemical Biology", "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2058890051", "A1814861793", "A2645763793"], "author_names": ["Joel K. Elliott", "Richard N. Mariscal", "K.H. Roux"], "reference_ids": ["W2038596191", "W437989758", "W1985431358", "W2122655358", "W2567596693", "W1973866887", "W2015210610", "W2139070438", "W2343745047", "W2033384159", "W1983306146", "W2034276545", "W2164283580", "W3168812219", "W1964641377", "W2083965313", "W1979854490", "W2211638908", "W1981496111", "W1989424164", "W2141481630", "W1897863457", "W1966271769", "W2061647679"], "title": "Do anemonefishes use molecular mimicry to avoid being stung by host anemones", "abstract": "abstract the present study used immunological techniques to test whether the anemonefish amphiprion clarkii (bennett) (which was innately protected from two of the anemones used in the present study) has a mucous coat that resembles the external mucus of anemones. polyclonal antibodies were prepared to the mucus of four species of anemones [heteractis crispa, (ehrenberg) stichodactyla haddoni (saville-kent), macrodactyla doreenensis (quoy and gaimard), and condylactis gigantea (weinland)]. ouchterlony (double immunodiffusion) tests showed that different antigens were present in the mucus of the four anemone species. anemone antigens were not detected in the mucous coating of either naive (fish that had never before encountered sea anemones) or associated (those living with sea anemones) anemonefishes in ouchterlony tests. however, more sensitive elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests showed that anemone mucus antigens were present in the mucous coating of associated anemonefish, but not naive fish. this showed that an innately protected a. clarkii does not produce a mucus coat that is biochemically similar to that of anemones, but that the same fish does acquire anemone substances in its mucus coat when it associates with anemones in aquaria. it remains to be shown whether these anemone substances actually provide the initial protection for those anemonefishes that must undergo acclimation behavior in order to keep from being stung by their host sea anemones, or additional protection for innately protected fishes.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 271, "doi": "10.1038/NCHEMBIO.1842", "level1": ["assemble/break_down_structure", "attach"], "level2": ["physically_assemble_structure", "attach_permanently"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio.1842", "mag_terms": ["squid", "biomaterial", "nanotechnology", "recipe", "materials science", "new materials"], "species": ["amphiprion", "fish", "amphiprion clarkii", "stichodactyla haddoni", "sea anemones", "fishes", "condylactis gigantea", "heteractis crispa"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009174311926605, 0.09174311926605501, 0.009174311926605, 0.009174311926605, 0.027522935779816002, 0.06422018348623801, 0.009174311926605, 0.009174311926605], "relative_relevancy": [0.1, 1.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.30000000000000004, 0.7000000000000001, 0.1, 0.1]}, {"paper": "W2161243154", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V35917800"], "venue_names": ["Ecology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2125636301", "A2465233589"], "author_names": ["A. G. van der Valk", "C. B. Davis"], "reference_ids": ["W2318317790", "W2008852593", "W2115172524", "W2144284767", "W111429049", "W2135719175", "W2061569877", "W2320030537", "W2079952014", "W130054801", "W2012792751", "W2063878650", "W2106963452", "W2005165533"], "title": "The Role of Seed Banks in the Vegetation Dynamics of Prairie Glacial Marshes", "abstract": "the presence of viable seed in 24 substrate samples from eagle lake, a marsh in north- central iowa, was tested by placing subsamples of each sample under 2 environmental conditions. one set of subsamples was placed underwater (submersed treatment). seeds of 20 species germinated and grew in this treatment. on the average, there were 8.3 species/sample. the 2nd set of subsamples was kept moist, simulating conditions on an exposed mud flat (drawdown treatment). in the drawdown treatment, on the average, seeds of 12.9 species germinated/sample. altogether seeds of 40 species germinated in this treatment of which only 24% were also found in the submersed treatment. by combining the results from the 2 treatments, the seed banks in the 6 vegetation types studied were estimated to range from 21,445 to 42,615 seeds/m2 on the average in the upper 5 cm of soil. field studies at eagle lake (1974) and goose lake (1976), when these marshes had no standing water, revealed that the most abundant species whose seeds germinated on exposed mud flats were the same as the most abundant species in the experimental drawdown samples from eagle lake. in 1975, when eagle lake had standing water again, the submersed and floating species that were found were the same as those found in the experimental submersed samples from eagle lake. the seed-bank results and vegetation sampling reveal that there are 3 types of species present in prairie marsh seed banks: emergent species (typha, scirpus, sparganium, sagittaria) germinate on exposed mud flats or in very shallow water; submersed and free-floating species (lemna, spirodela, ceratophyllum, naias, potamogeton) whose dormant seeds or turions can survive on exposed mud flats for a year and which germinate when there is standing water; and mud-flat species (bidens, cyperus, polygonum and rumex) which are ephemerals whose seeds can only germinate on exposed mud flats during periods when no standing water exists in the marsh because of drought or water level manipulation. when the marsh refloods, these species are eliminated from the visible marsh flora. primarily because of fluctuating water levels and muskrat damage, prairie marshes have cyclical changes in their vegetation during which mud-flat, emergent, or submersed and free-floating species replace each other as the dominant type of species in a marsh.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1086&context=bot_pubs", "petalID": 272, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.01530", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/8/1445", "mag_terms": ["vortex ring", "hymenochirus boettgeri", "slow flight", "wake", "particle image velocimetry", "thrust", "propulsion", "water movements", "mechanics", "classical mechanics", "physics"], "species": ["muskrat", "potamogeton", "lemna"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0076335877862590005, 0.0076335877862590005, 0.0076335877862590005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2006933189", "mesh_terms": ["Silk", "Spiders", "Water", "Wettability", "Animals", "Atmosphere", "Atmosphere", "Biomimetic Materials", "Biomimetic Materials", "Humidity", "Nanofibers", "Nanofibers", "Nanofibers", "Silk", "Silk", "Spiders", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A2992864710", "A2599106397", "A2153599675", "A2423129444", "A1968345808", "A2583095385", "A2951226193", "A2096185210"], "author_names": ["Yongmei Zheng", "Hao Bai", "Zhongbing Huang", "Xuelin Tian", "Fu-Qiang Nie", "Yong Zhao", "Jin Zhai", "Lei Jiang"], "reference_ids": ["W1996283236", "W2058743369", "W2160391235", "W2132788929", "W2051204826", "W1975140804", "W2097123977", "W2045998968", "W1968022724", "W2003107912", "W2022094862", "W2128885697", "W2027985597", "W2042254650", "W2018136364", "W2056316433", "W1625594280", "W2012519868", "W2030052042", "W1922117761", "W1963840206", "W2057829466", "W2154255972", "W2022461459", "W2061524779", "W2115779567", "W2164023377"], "title": "Directional water collection on wetted spider silk", "abstract": "many biological surfaces in both the plant and animal kingdom possess unusual structural features at the micro- and nanometre-scale that control their interaction with water and hence wettability. an intriguing example is provided by desert beetles, which use micrometre-sized patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on their backs to capture water from humid air. as anyone who has admired spider webs adorned with dew drops will appreciate, spider silk is also capable of efficiently collecting water from air. here we show that the water-collecting ability of the capture silk of the cribellate spider uloborus walckenaerius is the result of a unique fibre structure that forms after wetting, with the 'wet-rebuilt' fibres characterized by periodic spindle-knots made of random nanofibrils and separated by joints made of aligned nanofibrils. these structural features result in a surface energy gradient between the spindle-knots and the joints and also in a difference in laplace pressure, with both factors acting together to achieve continuous condensation and directional collection of water drops around spindle-knots. submillimetre-sized liquid drops have been driven by surface energy gradients or a difference in laplace pressure, but until now neither force on its own has been used to overcome the larger hysteresis effects that make the movement of micrometre-sized drops more difficult. by tapping into both driving forces, spider silk achieves this task. inspired by this finding, we designed artificial fibres that mimic the structural features of silk and exhibit its directional water-collecting ability.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 273, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2010.2784", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["distribute_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2010.2784", "mag_terms": ["hagfish", "pacific hagfish", "eptatretus", "gill", "vertebrate", "nutrient", "integument", "dissolved organic carbon", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["beetles", "uloborus walckenaerius"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.013157894736842, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, - {"paper": "W1994897508", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V127036354"], "venue_names": ["Zoomorphology", "Wetlands"], "author_ids": ["A1964575499"], "author_names": ["Malcolm Telford"], "reference_ids": ["W1520551980", "W2276260759", "W2157484092", "W2009782698", "W2280762841", "W1966931954", "W649257033", "W2013342200", "W2137844808", "W1560068742", "W570792456", "W2415269100", "W1987738208", "W2413731456", "W3000910943", "W83918231", "W1973705471", "W3022275749", "W19843991", "W1965102065"], "title": "Domes, arches and urchins: The skeletal architecture of echinoids (Echinodermata)", "abstract": "a combination of simple membrane theory and statical analysis has been used to determine how stresses are carried in echinoid skeletons. sutures oriented circumferentially are subject principally to compression. those forming radial zig-zags are subject to compression near the apex and tension near the ambitus. radial and circumferential sutures in eucidaris are equally bound with collagen fibers but in diadema, tripneustes, psammechinus, arbacia and other regular echinoids, most radial sutures are more heavily bound, and thus stronger in tension. psammechinus, tripneustes and several other echinoids have radial sutures thickened by ribs which increase the area of interlocking trabeculae. ribs also increase flexural stiffness and carry a greater proportion of the stress. further, ribs effectively draw stress from weaker areas pierced by podial pores, and increase the total load which can be sustained.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 274, "doi": "10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0430:IOSOFO]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bioone.org/journals/wetlands/volume-22/issue-2/0277-5212(2002)022%5B0430%3AIOSOFO%5D2.0.CO%3B2/INFLUENCE-OF-SEASON-OF-FIRE-ON-FLOWERING-OF-WET-PRAIRIE/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0430:IOSOFO]2.0.CO;2.short", "mag_terms": ["growing season", "muhlenbergia capillaris", "paspalum", "schizachyrium", "perennial plant", "wetland", "landscape ecology", "ecology", "biology", "paspalum monostachyum"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W1994897508", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V127036354"], "venue_names": ["Zoomorphology", "Wetlands"], "author_ids": ["A1964575499"], "author_names": ["Malcolm Telford"], "reference_ids": ["W1520551980", "W2276260759", "W2157484092", "W2009782698", "W2280762841", "W1966931954", "W649257033", "W2013342200", "W2137844808", "W1560068742", "W570792456", "W2415269100", "W1987738208", "W2413731456", "W3000910943", "W83918231", "W1973705471", "W3022275749", "W19843991", "W1965102065"], "title": "Domes, arches and urchins: The skeletal architecture of echinoids (Echinodermata)", "abstract": "a combination of simple membrane theory and statical analysis has been used to determine how stresses are carried in echinoid skeletons. sutures oriented circumferentially are subject principally to compression. those forming radial zig-zags are subject to compression near the apex and tension near the ambitus. radial and circumferential sutures in eucidaris are equally bound with collagen fibers but in diadema, tripneustes, psammechinus, arbacia and other regular echinoids, most radial sutures are more heavily bound, and thus stronger in tension. psammechinus, tripneustes and several other echinoids have radial sutures thickened by ribs which increase the area of interlocking trabeculae. ribs also increase flexural stiffness and carry a greater proportion of the stress. further, ribs effectively draw stress from weaker areas pierced by podial pores, and increase the total load which can be sustained.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 274, "doi": "10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0430:IOSOFO]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bioone.org/journals/wetlands/volume-22/issue-2/0277-5212(2002)022%5B0430%3AIOSOFO%5D2.0.CO%3B2/INFLUENCE-OF-SEASON-OF-FIRE-ON-FLOWERING-OF-WET-PRAIRIE/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0430:IOSOFO]2.0.CO;2.short", "mag_terms": ["growing season", "muhlenbergia capillaris", "paspalum", "schizachyrium", "perennial plant", "wetland", "landscape ecology", "ecology", "biology", "paspalum monostachyum"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2031188763", "mesh_terms": ["Nephropidae", "Odorants", "Water Movements", "Animals", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Fluorescence", "Kinetics", "Lasers", "Nephropidae", "Smell", "Smell"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "PLOS ONE", "Physiological and Biochemical Zoology"], "author_ids": ["A2460544679", "A1992097153", "A149190323", "A1987259580", "A2479379222", "A2097622047", "A2149455923"], "author_names": ["M. A. R. Koehl", "Jeffrey R. Koseff", "John P. Crimaldi", "Michael G. McCay", "Tim Cooper", "Megan B. Wiley", "Paul A. Moore"], "reference_ids": ["W1997167894", "W2173195647", "W2000676586", "W1977441553", "W2127517246", "W2058920555", "W1996908092", "W2306138718", "W2132458539", "W2124491534", "W2144202408", "W2131336362", "W2160117763", "W2158180962", "W1486480929", "W2057776779", "W2025845341", "W1976516473", "W2007322879", "W2099066948", "W2344638143", "W2138260006"], "title": "Lobster Sniffing: Antennule Design and Hydrodynamic Filtering of Information in an Odor Plume", "abstract": "the first step in processing olfactory information, before neural filtering, is the physical capture of odor molecules from the surrounding fluid. many animals capture odors from turbulent water currents or wind using antennae that bear chemosensory hairs. we used planar laser-induced fluorescence to reveal how lobster olfactory antennules hydrodynamically alter the spatiotemporal patterns of concentration in turbulent odor plumes. as antennules flick, water penetrates their chemosensory hair array during the fast downstroke, carrying fine-scale patterns of concentration into the receptor area. this spatial pattern, blurred by flow along the antennule during the downstroke, is retained during the slower return stroke and is not shed until the next flick.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 275, "doi": "10.1086/673889", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "modify_size/shape/material_properties", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "change_size/shape", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/673889", "mag_terms": ["blastema", "regeneration", "autotomy", "wound healing", "spinal cord", "epithelium", "histology", "inflammation", "anatomy", "pathology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2122067650", "mesh_terms": ["Computer Simulation", "Gryllidae", "Hearing", "Models, Biological", "Animals", "Echolocation", "Echolocation", "Gryllidae", "Hearing", "Sound Localization", "Sound Localization", "Systems Biology"], "venue_ids": ["V99347777"], "venue_names": ["BioSystems", "Symbiosis", "Copeia", "Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2155739235", "A2198237089", "A2166999760", "A2295449638", "A2101683627", "A2380908754"], "author_names": ["Richard Reeve", "Andr\u00e9 van Schaik", "Craig Jin", "Tara Julia Hamilton", "Ben Torben-Nielsen", "Barbara Webb"], "reference_ids": ["W2315893417", "W2217232383", "W1904347104", "W2022143432", "W2053604779", "W2135083081", "W2144804102", "W1975337453", "W2076104971", "W2037494070", "W2016253988", "W2111307957"], "title": "Directional hearing in a silicon cricket.", "abstract": "phonotaxis is the ability to orient towards or away from sound sources. crickets can locate conspecifics by phonotaxis to the calling (mating) song they produce, and can evade bats by negative phonotaxis from echolocation calls. the behaviour and underlying physiology have been studied in some depth, and the auditory system solves this complex problem in a unique manner. experiments conducted on a simulation model of the system indicated that the mechanism output a directional signal to sounds ahead at calling song frequency and to sounds behind at echolocation frequencies. we suggest that this combination of responses helps simplify later processing in the cricket. to further explore this result, an analogue, very large scale integrated (avlsi) circuit model of the mechanism was designed and built; results from testing this agreed with the simulation. the avlsi circuit was used to test a further hypothesis about the potential advantages of the positioning of the acoustic inputs for sound localisation during walking. there was no clear advantage to the directionality of the system in their location. the avlsi circuitry is now being extended to use on a robot along with previously modelled neural circuitry to better understand the complete sensorimotor pathway.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 276, "doi": "10.1016/0022-0981(94)90019-1", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022098194900191?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["sea anemone", "condylactis gigantea", "stichodactyla haddoni", "anemone", "mucus", "coelenterata", "nematocyst", "cnidaria", "zoology", "biology", "ecology"], "species": ["crickets", "bats"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017543859649122, 0.017543859649122], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2074360987", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands (Biology of Habitats)", "Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A1993913091", "A2420856328", "A2170008369"], "author_names": ["Abraham Hefetz", "Henry M. Fales", "Suzanne W. T. Batra"], "reference_ids": ["W1999580461", "W2167333038", "W2013457040", "W2056259805", "W2312603287", "W180993967", "W2329663621", "W2062628457", "W2523371606", "W2029954471", "W1979594674", "W2318723048"], "title": "Natural Polyesters: Dufour's Gland Macrocyclic Lactones Form Brood Cell Laminesters in Colletes Bees", "abstract": "bees in the genus colletes make their brood cells in the ground and coat them with a highly resistant, waterproof, transparent membrane. this membrane is a polyester constructed mainly from 18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 20-hydroxy-eicosanoic acid, which are stored as their corresponding lactones in the dufour's gland of the bee. when lining the cells, the bee secretes its glandular content, and the membrane is apparently a product of polycondensation reaction of its contents. this appears to be the first report of a naturally occurring linear polyester. the term laminester (lamina approximately layer + ester) for this class of compounds is proposed.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 277, "doi": "10.2307/1936377", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances", "protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/1936377", "mag_terms": ["sparganium", "scirpus", "marsh", "typha", "ceratophyllum", "potamogeton", "sagittaria", "water level", "botany", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": ["colletes", "bee", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.03125, 0.09375000000000001, 0.03125], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304]}, + {"paper": "W2074360987", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands (Biology of Habitats)", "Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A1993913091", "A2420856328", "A2170008369"], "author_names": ["Abraham Hefetz", "Henry M. Fales", "Suzanne W. T. Batra"], "reference_ids": ["W1999580461", "W2167333038", "W2013457040", "W2056259805", "W2312603287", "W180993967", "W2329663621", "W2062628457", "W2523371606", "W2029954471", "W1979594674", "W2318723048"], "title": "Natural Polyesters: Dufour's Gland Macrocyclic Lactones Form Brood Cell Laminesters in Colletes Bees", "abstract": "bees in the genus colletes make their brood cells in the ground and coat them with a highly resistant, waterproof, transparent membrane. this membrane is a polyester constructed mainly from 18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 20-hydroxy-eicosanoic acid, which are stored as their corresponding lactones in the dufour's gland of the bee. when lining the cells, the bee secretes its glandular content, and the membrane is apparently a product of polycondensation reaction of its contents. this appears to be the first report of a naturally occurring linear polyester. the term laminester (lamina approximately layer + ester) for this class of compounds is proposed.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 277, "doi": "10.2307/1936377", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances", "protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/1936377", "mag_terms": ["sparganium", "scirpus", "marsh", "typha", "ceratophyllum", "potamogeton", "sagittaria", "water level", "botany", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": ["colletes", "bee", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.03125, 0.09375000000000001, 0.03125], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304]}, {"paper": "W1914349466", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V130555258"], "venue_names": ["Seed Science Research", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2656010415"], "author_names": ["J. Shen-Miller"], "reference_ids": ["W1971795502", "W1991544775", "W2138532007", "W648744227", "W2018801384", "W2041513281", "W2131461347", "W2011853775", "W2002260069", "W2061788508", "W2128175005", "W2168909179", "W596330948", "W2121709897", "W1494075612", "W2155291310", "W2479980854", "W2005593212", "W2003285992", "W2157827172", "W2163871789", "W1998179181", "W2006698339", "W2007592505", "W560997783", "W1946652331", "W2048312711", "W2084377568", "W222686310", "W595100613", "W2130661537", "W636314949", "W1622071771", "W1965771687", "W1980191630", "W2041647038", "W2118105680", "W2029251762", "W2072446721", "W2416403901", "W3135998540", "W2021593740", "W2566784222", "W2040779051", "W3183556138", "W2131496660"], "title": "Sacred lotus, the long-living fruits of China Antique", "abstract": "in the west, lotus (nelumbo nucifera gaertn.) is relatively little known. however, for more than 3000 years, lotus plants have been cultivated as a crop in fareast asia, where they are used for food, medicine and play a significant role in religious and cultural activities. holder of the world\u2019s record for long-term seed viability (1300 years) is a lotus fruit (china antique) from xipaozi, liaoning province, china. five offspring of this variety, from 200\u2010500-year-old fruits ( 14 c dates) collected at xipaozi, have recently been germinated, and are the first such seedlings to be raised from directly dated fruits. the fruits at xipaozi, preserved in a dry ancient lakebed, have been exposed to low-dose \u03b3-radiation for hundreds of years (having an accumulated soil irradiation of 0.1\u20101.0 gy). offspring from these old fruits show abnormalities that resemble those in various modern seedlings irradiated at much higher doses. although these lotus offspring are phenotypically abnormal, the viability of old seeds was evidently not affected by accumulated doses of up to 3 gy. growth characteristics of first- and second-year lotus offspring of these fruits, products of the longest-term radiobiological experiment on record, are summarized here (rapid early growth, phenotypic abnormalities, lack of vigour, poor rhizome development and low photosynthetic activity during second-year growth). aspects of their chromosomal organization, phenotype and physiology (rapid recovery from stress, heat-stable proteins, protein-repair enzyme) are discussed. important unsolved problems are suggested to elicit interest among members of the seed science community to the study of old fruits recently collected at xipaozi, with particular emphasis on aspects of ageing and repair.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 278, "doi": "10.1038/NATURE08729", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08729", "mag_terms": ["spider silk", "uloborus walckenaerius", "laplace pressure", "silk", "spider", "wetting", "animal fiber", "humidity", "composite material", "nanotechnology", "materials science"], "species": ["plants", "nelumbo nucifera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011627906976744, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2131185843", "mesh_terms": ["Birds", "Feathers", "Nanostructures", "Pigmentation", "Pigments, Biological", "Animals", "Birds", "Color", "Feathers", "Feathers", "Feathers", "Fourier Analysis", "Nanostructures", "Nanostructures", "Pigmentation", "Pigments, Biological", "Spectrum Analysis"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "Biological Bulletin", "Zoomorphology"], "author_ids": ["A1935106003", "A2106200091", "A1968746150", "A2057600875"], "author_names": ["Doekele G. Stavenga", "Jan Tinbergen", "Hein L. Leertouwer", "Bodo D. Wilts"], "reference_ids": ["W2130349388", "W2084849398", "W2042518124", "W1973284809", "W2113096365", "W2165618773", "W2238216252", "W2061142872", "W2053687790", "W2091448988", "W2099789305", "W3150174933", "W2104033469", "W2008537892", "W2154143283", "W2043620862", "W2069331146", "W2088824466", "W2151495816", "W2104946660", "W2110508311", "W2131038767", "W2140961770", "W2110990517"], "title": "Kingfisher feathers - colouration by pigments, spongy nanostructures and thin films", "abstract": "the colours of the common kingfisher, alcedo atthis, reside in the barbs of the three main types of feather: the orange breast feathers, the cyan back feathers and the blue tail feathers. scanning electron microscopy showed that the orange barbs contain small pigment granules. the cyan and blue barbs contain spongy nanostructures with slightly different dimensions, causing different reflectance spectra. imaging scatterometry showed that the pigmented barbs create a diffuse orange scattering and the spongy barb structures create iridescence. the extent of the angle-dependent light scattering increases with decreasing wavelength. all barbs have a cortical envelope with a thickness of a few micrometres. the reflectance spectra of the cortex of the barbs show oscillations when measured from small areas, but when measured from larger areas the spectra become wavelength independent. this can be directly understood with thin film modelling, assuming a somewhat variable cortex thickness. the cortex reflectance appears to be small but not negligible with respect to the pigmentary and structural barb reflectance.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/214/23/3960.full.pdf", "petalID": 279, "doi": "10.1007/BF00312146", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "manage_external_forces", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["manage_impact", "manage_stress/strain", "protect_from_animals", "prevent_fatigue", "prevent/allow_deformation"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00312146", "mag_terms": ["psammechinus", "tripneustes", "arbacia", "tension", "apex", "compression", "flexural rigidity", "diadema", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["alcedo", "alcedo atthis", "atthis", "common kingfisher"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017241379310344, 0.017241379310344, 0.017241379310344, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W1994592705", "mesh_terms": ["Biopolymers", "Ecosystem", "Geological Phenomena", "Ice Cover", "Ice Cover", "Temperature", "Arctic Regions", "Biopolymers", "Diatoms", "Diatoms", "Ice Cover", "Porosity", "Salinity"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Science", "Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering"], "author_ids": ["A106719482", "A2070855475", "A1876731277"], "author_names": ["Christopher Krembs", "Hajo Eicken", "Jody W. Deming"], "reference_ids": ["W1994404310", "W1996673270", "W2171982368", "W1974237762", "W2053769027", "W2082304151", "W1982069483", "W1970900974", "W2135810203", "W2140219322", "W2160575983", "W2027799665", "W2508765924", "W128013288", "W2082455062", "W2082738923", "W2142037275", "W2000363584", "W2108889829", "W2138614430", "W1968834637", "W2133316466", "W2123037670", "W2000267898", "W2074539941", "W2100218311", "W2103164730", "W2088781787", "W2160582876", "W2090470557", "W2054373016", "W2117266459", "W1531410528", "W1575407215", "W2021998617", "W2037858254", "W2012291515"], "title": "Exopolymer alteration of physical properties of sea ice and implications for ice habitability and biogeochemistry in a warmer Arctic", "abstract": "the physical properties of arctic sea ice determine its habitability. whether ice-dwelling organisms can change those properties has rarely been addressed. following discovery that sea ice contains an abundance of gelatinous extracellular polymeric substances (eps), we examined the effects of algal eps on the microstructure and salt retention of ice grown from saline solutions containing eps from a culture of the sea-ice diatom, melosira arctica. we also experimented with xanthan gum and with eps from a culture of the cold-adapted bacterium colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34h. quantitative microscopic analyses of the artificial ice containing melosira eps revealed convoluted ice-pore morphologies of high fractal dimension, mimicking features found in eps-rich coastal sea ice, whereas eps-free (control) ice featured much simpler pore geometries. a heat-sensitive glycoprotein fraction of melosira eps accounted for complex pore morphologies. although all tested forms of eps increased bulk ice salinity (by 11\u201359%) above the controls, ice containing native melosira eps retained the most salt. eps effects on ice and pore microstructure improve sea ice habitability, survivability, and potential for increased primary productivity, even as they may alter the persistence and biogeochemical imprint of sea ice on the surface ocean in a warming climate.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/108/9/3653.full.pdf", "petalID": 280, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1063724", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals", "capture_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/294/5548/1948", "mag_terms": ["odor", "sniffing", "olfaction", "plume", "biological system", "anatomy", "biology", "water current"], "species": ["melosira arctica", "colwellia psychrerythraea"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012987012987012, 0.012987012987012], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ {"paper": "W2034703658", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V2764981495"], "venue_names": ["Zoologischer Anzeiger \u2013 A Journal of Comparative Zoology", "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "Biology Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2231238537", "A2134380842"], "author_names": ["Abigail L. Ingram", "Andrew R. Parker"], "reference_ids": ["W2044132684", "W2322323429", "W2094622030", "W2039337486", "W2045196859", "W2292888362", "W1640599085", "W2610008411", "W2041771997", "W2163822796", "W1990299933", "W1568910078", "W1670765730", "W2000809629", "W2066359291", "W1532186756", "W2319201109", "W1553829859", "W1582010511", "W2318636239", "W3108676903", "W3126673768", "W1965236068"], "title": "The functional morphology and attachment mechanism of pandarid adhesion pads (Crustacea: Copepoda: Pandaridae)", "abstract": "abstract this is thought to be the first published report to reveal frictional attachment structures from the crustacea, which have convergently evolved in many terrestrial arthropoda.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 288, "doi": "10.1074/JBC.270.47.28169", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jbc.org/content/270/47/28169", "mag_terms": ["primer", "primer extension", "reverse transcriptase", "dna", "dna synthesis", "nucleotide", "cleavage", "oligoribonucleotides", "molecular biology", "biology"], "species": ["echthrogaleus coleoptratus", "sharks", "crustacea", "arthropoda", "dinemoura latifolia"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W1994296792", "mesh_terms": ["Body Temperature Regulation", "Ear", "Rabbits", "Animals", "Ear", "Female", "Rabbits", "Temperature", "Vasomotor System", "Vasomotor System"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Marine Ecology Progress Series", "Aquatic Microbial Ecology", "Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2519980742", "A2799647592"], "author_names": ["Richard W. Hill", "James H. Veghte"], "reference_ids": ["W2008257988", "W2041011316"], "title": "Jackrabbit ears: surface temperatures and vascular responses", "abstract": "blood flow to the ear pinnae is curtailed at ambient temperatures of between 1.4 degrees and 24 degrees c, which minimizes heat loss across the pinnae and allows the surfaces of erect pinnae to approach ambient temperature. the pinnae are warmed by steady or pulsatile vasodilation in some animals when the ambient temperature is between 1 degree and 9 degrees c below body temperature, a response favoring heat loss. when ambient temperature exceeds body temperature by 4 degrees to 5 degrees c, the pinnae are circulated with blood cooler than ambient temperature; this response favors heat influx.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 289, "doi": "10.1099/00221287-146-12-3237", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-12-3237", "mag_terms": ["swarming motility", "quorum sensing", "autoinducer", "serratia liquefaciens", "swarming", "biofilm", "motility", "bacteria", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2090678639", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V4147745"], "venue_names": ["North American Electric Reliability Corporation - North American Electric Reliability Corporation Open Archive", "Ibis", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2108168848", "A2583668584", "A2667842970", "A2565399368", "A2109646158"], "author_names": ["Michael P. Harris", "Mardik F. Leopold", "Jens-Kjeld Jensen", "Erik H. Meesters", "Sarah Wanless"], "reference_ids": ["W185574650", "W2006180313", "W2161163382", "W2012399733", "W2085104215", "W2036336104", "W1985360203", "W2102463377", "W1968012638", "W216302486", "W2103713166", "W1994839865", "W2030354479", "W2149421543", "W1547433434", "W1994433225", "W2154624006", "W2165963617", "W2012234015", "W2131894360", "W2045138806", "W2093162040", "W2487697752", "W2285144978", "W1979006089", "W2795781096", "W2116054757", "W2121975234", "W2329943168", "W2039432666"], "title": "The winter diet of the Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica around the Faroe Islands", "abstract": "most mortality of atlantic puffins occurs outside the breeding season but little is known about the species\u2019 diet at that time. the stomach contents of 176 puffins shot legally for food around the faroe islands between october and january in three winters were examined. the remains of 20 species of fish, six species of crustacea and single species of polychaete, chaetognathid and squid were identified. the most frequently recorded prey in terms of frequency of occurrence were 0 group (<1 year old) lesser sandeel ammodytes marinus (82% of stomachs), followed by mesopelagic fish (52%), nereid worms (41%), silver rockling gaidropsarus argentatus (36%), crustacea (35%), large sandeel (32%) and other large fish (32%). in terms of calculated biomass, nereids (41%), large sandeel (23%) and other large fish (17%) made up the bulk of the diet but the latter two prey types were most important in energetic terms (46% despite accounting for only 9% of items). stomach contents collected on the same day and location were significantly more similar than those collected on different dates and locations, suggesting that during the winter, puffins are generalists, taking any prey they encounter.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/510740/1/N510740PP.pdf", "petalID": 290, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0007298", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0007298", "mag_terms": ["green fluorescent protein", "in vivo", "chromoprotein", "mutant", "coral", "reactive oxygen species", "in vitro", "anthozoa", "biochemistry", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["gaidropsarus", "atlantic puffin", "fish", "puffin", "crustacea", "puffins", "gaidropsarus argentatus", "ammodytes marinus", "ammodytes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014084507042253001, 0.0, 0.056338028169014, 0.04225352112676, 0.028169014084507, 0.04225352112676, 0.014084507042253001, 0.0, 0.014084507042253001], "relative_relevancy": [0.25, 0.0, 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, 0.75, 0.25, 0.0, 0.25]}, - {"paper": "W2045707252", "mesh_terms": ["Carbon Dioxide", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Taste", "Animals", "Behavior, Animal", "Brain", "Brain", "Brain", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Dry Ice", "Food Preferences", "Gases", "Gases", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Ligands", "Neurons", "Neurons", "Smell", "Smell", "Sodium Bicarbonate", "Sodium Bicarbonate", "Solutions", "Solutions", "Taste", "Water", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A1996198904", "A2125068951", "A2006742748", "A2239318688"], "author_names": ["Walter Fischler", "Priscilla Kong", "Sunanda Marella", "Kristin Scott"], "reference_ids": ["W1994756080", "W2016036283", "W2007377332", "W2041851452", "W2044501583", "W2164833592", "W1969584633", "W2007028893", "W2079940855", "W2106421836", "W2031918610", "W2084225775", "W2005111341", "W2119894136", "W1991766559", "W2057557853", "W2088764206", "W1595045726", "W2118128673", "W2105182699", "W1981165639", "W2041619316"], "title": "The detection of carbonation by the Drosophila gustatory system", "abstract": "there are five known taste modalities in humans: sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate). although the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster tastes sugars, salts and noxious chemicals, the nature and number of taste modalities in this organism is not clear. previous studies have identified one taste cell population marked by the gustatory receptor gene gr5a that detects sugars, and a second population marked by gr66a that detects bitter compounds. here we identify a novel taste modality in this insect: the taste of carbonated water. we use a combination of anatomical, calcium imaging and behavioural approaches to identify a population of taste neurons that detects co2 and mediates taste acceptance behaviour. the taste of carbonation may allow drosophila to detect and obtain nutrients from growing microorganisms. whereas co2 detection by the olfactory system mediates avoidance, co2 detection by the gustatory system mediates acceptance behaviour, demonstrating that the context of co2 determines appropriate behaviour. this work opens up the possibility that the taste of carbonation may also exist in other organisms.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 291, "doi": "10.1111/1365-2656.12057", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2656.12057", "mag_terms": ["reproductive success", "cooperative breeding", "alpha", "manakin", "courtship", "courtship display", "demography", "beta", "population growth", "psychology"], "species": ["humans", "drosophila melanogaster", "melanogaster", "drosophila"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001, 0.029411764705882002], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2045707252", "mesh_terms": ["Carbon Dioxide", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Taste", "Animals", "Behavior, Animal", "Brain", "Brain", "Brain", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Dry Ice", "Food Preferences", "Gases", "Gases", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Ligands", "Neurons", "Neurons", "Smell", "Smell", "Sodium Bicarbonate", "Sodium Bicarbonate", "Solutions", "Solutions", "Taste", "Water", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A1996198904", "A2125068951", "A2006742748", "A2239318688"], "author_names": ["Walter Fischler", "Priscilla Kong", "Sunanda Marella", "Kristin Scott"], "reference_ids": ["W1994756080", "W2016036283", "W2007377332", "W2041851452", "W2044501583", "W2164833592", "W1969584633", "W2007028893", "W2079940855", "W2106421836", "W2031918610", "W2084225775", "W2005111341", "W2119894136", "W1991766559", "W2057557853", "W2088764206", "W1595045726", "W2118128673", "W2105182699", "W1981165639", "W2041619316"], "title": "The detection of carbonation by the Drosophila gustatory system", "abstract": "there are five known taste modalities in humans: sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate). although the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster tastes sugars, salts and noxious chemicals, the nature and number of taste modalities in this organism is not clear. previous studies have identified one taste cell population marked by the gustatory receptor gene gr5a that detects sugars, and a second population marked by gr66a that detects bitter compounds. here we identify a novel taste modality in this insect: the taste of carbonated water. we use a combination of anatomical, calcium imaging and behavioural approaches to identify a population of taste neurons that detects co2 and mediates taste acceptance behaviour. the taste of carbonation may allow drosophila to detect and obtain nutrients from growing microorganisms. whereas co2 detection by the olfactory system mediates avoidance, co2 detection by the gustatory system mediates acceptance behaviour, demonstrating that the context of co2 determines appropriate behaviour. this work opens up the possibility that the taste of carbonation may also exist in other organisms.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 291, "doi": "10.1111/1365-2656.12057", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2656.12057", "mag_terms": ["reproductive success", "cooperative breeding", "alpha", "manakin", "courtship", "courtship display", "demography", "beta", "population growth", "psychology"], "species": ["humans", "drosophila melanogaster", "melanogaster", "drosophila"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001, 0.029411764705882002], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1963752367", "mesh_terms": ["Flight, Animal", "Insecta", "Models, Biological", "Wings, Animal", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Flight, Animal", "Insecta", "Wings, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)"], "author_ids": ["A2156829170", "A2102438319", "A2266796342"], "author_names": ["James M. Birch", "William B. Dickson", "Michael H. Dickinson"], "reference_ids": ["W2097127297", "W2166251540", "W2080340386", "W2147954438", "W2326278780", "W2123200095", "W1778861995", "W2009390076", "W2032111277", "W1903904117", "W2146094925", "W2164511061", "W1903589887", "W2139035728", "W1963636759", "W2148970654", "W1482836892", "W1947725928", "W2080524911", "W2164579581", "W2107282614", "W2167263218", "W2125963820", "W1607071030", "W2117726939", "W2154762949"], "title": "Force production and flow structure of the leading edge vortex on flapping wings at high and low Reynolds numbers.", "abstract": "the elevated aerodynamic performance of insects has been attributed in part to the generation and maintenance of a stable region of vorticity known as the leading edge vortex (lev). one explanation for the stability of the lev is that spiraling axial flow within the vortex core drains energy into the tip vortex, forming a leading-edge spiral vortex analogous to the flow structure generated by delta wing aircraft. however, whereas spiral flow is a conspicuous feature of flapping wings at reynolds numbers (re) of 5000, similar experiments at re=100 failed to identify a comparable structure. we used a dynamically scaled robot to investigate both the forces and the flows created by a wing undergoing identical motion at re of ~120 and ~1400. in both cases, motion at constant angular velocity and fixed angle of attack generated a stable lev with no evidence of shedding. at re=1400, flow visualization indicated an intense narrow region of spanwise flow within the core of the lev, a feature conspicuously absent at re=120. the results suggest that the transport of vorticity from the leading edge to the wake that permits prolonged vortex attachment takes different forms at different re.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/7/1063.full.pdf", "petalID": 292, "doi": "10.1016/J.BBAPAP.2008.08.012", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1570963908002574?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["acetogenesis", "wood ljungdahl pathway", "mechanism", "identification", "acetogen", "carbon fixation", "cognitive science", "biochemistry", "chemistry"], "species": ["insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015384615384615], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2078983333", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V63322718", "V63322718"], "venue_names": ["Materials Today", "Materials Today", "Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology"], "author_ids": ["A3171071196", "A2146082047", "A2014857676", "A2318167764", "A2559569829", "A2129022111", "A2120112483", "A2303640277", "A2748397300", "A1979837863", "A2060290097"], "author_names": ["James C. Weaver", "Qianqian Wang", "Ali Miserez", "Anthony Tantuccio", "Ryan Stromberg", "Krassimir N. Bozhilov", "Peter T. Maxwell", "Richard Nay", "Shinobu T. Heier", "Elaine DiMasi", "David Kisailus"], "reference_ids": ["W381012900", "W2166398120", "W170728373", "W1502872791", "W1990655580", "W1995568737", "W2521374252", "W1550431027", "W1978859898", "W2117001949", "W2161993548", "W1750671643", "W2003983424", "W2108680550", "W2101866918", "W1576753890", "W1628826454", "W2014349625", "W2015020580", "W2064082791", "W1975497922", "W2051166244", "W1981994534", "W2025872613", "W2050376746", "W2009937382", "W2084266559", "W2104420695", "W1968914552", "W1981055824", "W2134196512", "W2006775770", "W1975510477", "W2024977976", "W2044079899", "W2054249517", "W2107401997"], "title": "Analysis of an ultra hard magnetic biomineral in chiton radular teeth", "abstract": "recent analyses of the ultrastructural and mechanical properties of mineralized biological materials have demonstrated some common architectural features that can help explain their observed damage tolerance. nature has accomplished this feat through the precise control of anisotropic crystal nucleation and growth processes in conjunction with nanoscale control over the self-assembly of spatially distinct organic and inorganic phases, resulting in effective inhibition of crack propagation through these materials. one such example is found in the hyper-mineralized and abrasion resistant radular teeth of the chitons, a group of herbivorous marine mollusks who have the surprising capacity to erode away the rocky substrates on which they graze 1-4 . through the use of modern microscopy and nanomechanical characterization techniques, we describe the architectural and mechanical properties of the radular teeth from cryptochiton stelleri. chiton teeth are shown to exhibit the largest hardness and stiffness of any biominerals reported to date, being notably as much as three-fold harder than human enamel and the calcium carbonate-based shells of mollusks. we explain how the unique multi-phasic design of these materials contributes not only to their functionality, but also highlights some interesting design principles that might be applied to the fabrication of synthetic composites.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70016-x", "petalID": 293, "doi": "10.1016/J.JCZ.2005.11.001", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_temporarily"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044523105000616?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["adhesion", "process", "cuticle", "dewetting", "morphology", "appendage", "lotus effect", "mechanism", "biophysics", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["chitons", "mollusks", "cryptochiton stelleri"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018518518518518, 0.037037037037037, 0.018518518518518], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2048162600", "mesh_terms": ["Fruit", "Magnoliopsida", "Magnoliopsida", "Seed Dispersal", "Animals", "Desert Climate", "Fruit", "Magnoliopsida", "Mustard Plant", "Plant Oils", "Rodentia", "Rodentia", "Seeds"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V128425624", "V128425624"], "venue_names": ["Current Biology", "Current Biology", "Science", "Journal of Mammalogy", "American Journal of Physiology", "Biophysical Journal"], "author_ids": ["A1976122628", "A128815315", "A2106887023", "A1969204096", "A2035719483", "A2886420090", "A19897690", "A2201124134"], "author_names": ["Michal Samuni-Blank", "Ido Izhaki", "M. Denise Dearing", "Yoram Gerchman", "Beny Trabelcy", "Alon Lotan", "William H. Karasov", "Zeev Arad"], "reference_ids": ["W2127002877", "W2005070340", "W2093325054", "W1630495051", "W1963562195", "W1990143735", "W2080415646", "W2036675739", "W2091642227", "W2099299146", "W2100713606", "W2020387552", "W2329118432", "W2331939243", "W2147351155", "W2013414964", "W2113138203", "W2122772580", "W1980653077", "W293593356", "W2150706449", "W2139483588", "W2115037790"], "title": "Intraspecific Directed Deterrence by the Mustard Oil Bomb in a Desert Plant", "abstract": "summary video abstract", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.cell.com/article/S096098221200471X/pdf", "petalID": 294, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.982027", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/194/4263/436", "mag_terms": ["degree", "pulsatile flow", "composite material", "thermodynamics", "chemistry", "heat losses"], "species": ["rodents", "bird", "ochradenus baccatus", "rodent", "birds", "plants", "mammals"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.038461538461538006, 0.025641025641025002, 0.0, 0.038461538461538006, 0.025641025641025002, 0.012820512820512001, 0.012820512820512001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.6666666666666661, 0.0, 1.0, 0.6666666666666661, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304]}, @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ {"paper": "W1954801921", "mesh_terms": ["Hydrodynamics", "Sharks", "Skin", "Animals", "Computer Simulation", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Models, Theoretical", "Sharks", "Skin", "Skin"], "venue_ids": ["V9351502"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Fish Biology", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2400420726", "A2127593351", "A2703478561"], "author_names": ["G. D\u00edez", "Manu Soto", "Jes\u00fas Mar\u00eda Blanco"], "reference_ids": ["W2032777079", "W2116213259", "W2057100889", "W2143031799", "W2023513362", "W1995976596", "W1966547752", "W1994263775", "W1594602867", "W2051078813", "W2066226487", "W2086651377", "W1521289706", "W2039509072", "W2089984000", "W2086132140", "W2610008411", "W2051660259", "W2062443841", "W2094061211", "W1989087576", "W2122649435", "W2314816946", "W2285598087", "W2057558617", "W2068298719", "W2090431801", "W2164341086", "W2086620837", "W2116631571", "W2169938482"], "title": "Biological characterization of the skin of shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus and preliminary study of the hydrodynamic behaviour through computational fluid dynamics.", "abstract": "this study characterized the morphology, density and orientation of the dermal denticles along the body of a shortfin mako shark isurus oxyrinchus and identified the hydrodynamic parameters of its body through a computational fluid-dynamics model. the study showed a great variability in the morphology, size, shape, orientation and density of dermal denticles along the body of i. oxyrinchus. there was a significant higher density in dorsal and ventral areas of the body and their highest angular deviations were found in the lower part of the mouth and in the areas between the pre-caudal pit and the second dorsal and pelvic fins. a detailed three-dimensional geometry from a scanned body of a shark was carried out to evaluate the hydrodynamic properties such as drag coefficient, lift coefficient and superficial (skin) friction coefficient of the skin together with flow velocity field, according to different roughness coefficients simulating the effect of the dermal denticles. this preliminary approach contributed to detailed information of the denticle interactions. as the height of the denticles was increased, flow velocity and the effect of lift decreased whereas drag increased. the highest peaks of skin friction coefficient were observed around the pectoral fins.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 297, "doi": "10.1038/NATURE06101", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06101", "mag_terms": ["taste", "umami", "population", "context", "sensory receptor", "olfactory system", "calcium imaging", "drosophila melanogaster", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["shortfin mako", "shortfin mako shark", "isurus oxyrinchus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015151515151515001, 0.015151515151515001, 0.015151515151515001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2077008506", "mesh_terms": ["Models, Biological", "Skin", "Skin Physiological Phenomena", "Cholesterol", "Cholesterol", "Humans", "Lipids", "Lipids", "Skin"], "venue_ids": ["V28607811"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Investigative Dermatology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2103566439"], "author_names": ["Lars Norl\u00e9n"], "reference_ids": ["W1989930868", "W2003966449", "W1517299002", "W1584888609", "W1971737783", "W1502967563", "W1972250242", "W2169484065", "W636776315", "W1971485697", "W2008652678", "W2016954164", "W2092069832", "W641742375", "W1979111360", "W1988870819", "W2025345260", "W2086781060", "W2121716462", "W2525421865", "W2609032122", "W2021112387", "W1575329977", "W2048963460", "W2034781914", "W2083795986", "W1976772348", "W2042847414", "W105717962", "W641387996", "W2020879345", "W2158366731", "W2187145610", "W1979144457", "W2095354007", "W93286229", "W1978501355", "W2047922146", "W2024190172", "W2036090806", "W2049444786", "W1987071172", "W2172187417", "W2134740131", "W2119392281", "W2127207548", "W2042461888", "W2061372560", "W2220320118", "W1521625462", "W2029934603", "W2026029590", "W2031205905", "W2042824450", "W2069185355", "W2087184140", "W2419348853"], "title": "Skin Barrier Structure and Function: The Single Gel Phase Model", "abstract": "a new model for the structure and function of the mammalian skin barrier is postulated. it is proposed that the skin barrier, i.e., the intercellular lipid within the stratum corneum, exists as a single and coherent lamellar gel phase. this membrane structure is stabilized by the very particular lipid composition and lipid chain length distributions of the stratum corneum intercellular space and has virtually no phase boundaries. the intact, i.e., unperturbed, single and coherent lamellar gel phase is proposed to be mainly located at the lower half of stratum corneum. further up, crystalline segregation and phase separation may occur as a result of the desquamation process. the single gel phase model differs significantly from earlier models in that it predicts that no phase separation, neither between liquid crystalline and gel phases nor between different crystalline phases with hexagonal and orthorhombic chain packing, respectively, is present in the unperturbed barrier structure. the new skin barrier model may explain: (i) the measured water permeability of stratum corneum; (ii) the particular lipid composition of the stratum corneum intercellular space; (iii) the absence of swelling of the stratum corneum intercellular lipid matrix upon hydration; and (iv) the simultaneous presence of hexagonal and orthorhombic hydrocarbon chain packing of the stratum corneum intercellular lipid matrix at physiologic temperatures. further, the new model is consistent with skin barrier formation according to the membrane folding model of norlen (2001). this new theoretical model could fully account for the extraordinary barrier capacity of mammalian skin and is hereafter referred to as the single gel phase model.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022202X15414150/pdf", "petalID": 298, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.00848", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/7/1063", "mag_terms": ["vortex ring", "horseshoe vortex", "vortex", "leading edge", "vorticity", "reynolds number", "delta wing", "flow visualization", "mechanics", "classical mechanics", "physics"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W1996922079", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V35917800"], "venue_names": ["Ecology", "Materials Today", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2700515974"], "author_names": ["Joseph R. McAuliffe"], "reference_ids": ["W430227143", "W2119259345", "W2052231134", "W2153157074", "W2138920289", "W1996247834", "W2027112781", "W2027191688", "W2022437883", "W2077502473", "W1980255625", "W2039712807", "W1500291103", "W2001927317", "W2031716298", "W2091694514", "W3201264244", "W1973688100", "W1978349440", "W2067643096", "W2329610826", "W1976865694", "W1981244388", "W2025142465", "W2003543317", "W2077454220", "W1989671718", "W2116438423", "W2333591825", "W2420874147", "W1974072473", "W2071468195", "W2325366320", "W1994507967", "W2060793884", "W2010019606", "W2094661637", "W2151333632", "W2024516498", "W2071580867", "W2104969881", "W2058421986", "W2104626092", "W1618632047", "W2086349811", "W2087299259", "W2110317228", "W2172604121", "W1979335362", "W1984347674", "W2067324612", "W2012588930", "W2333027981", "W2013501805", "W2133420739"], "title": "Competition for Space, Disturbance, and the Structure of a Benthic Stream Community", "abstract": "interspecific competition for space limits the distribution and abundance of many ben- thic insects on stones in a western montana stream. the sessile caddisfly larva leucotrichia pictipes is territorial and aggressively eliminates conspecifics and other species from its foraging territories. territoriality produces an intraspecific pattern of regular spacing and negative spatial associations between leucotrichia and several other sessile insects: parargyractis confusalis, rheotanytarsus sp. and eukiefferiella sp. experimental removals of leucotrichia resulted in higher densities of other sessile species and several mobile insects, including baetis, glossosoma, and simulium. these insects show broad microhabitat overlap with leucotrichia; competition with leucotrichia limits their dis- tributions and abundances within otherwise suitable microhabitats. leucotrichia is the only species that monopolizes large areas of space. physical disturbances interrupt the formation of competitive monopolies by leucotrichia. during seasonal reduced flows, leucotrichia is eliminated from stones and boulders in shallow water. greater densities of a short-lived sessile species with multiple annual generations occupy this ephemeral spatial resource. on permanently submerged stones, leucotrichia competitively affects a large part of the benthic fauna. on small stones that overturn with higher frequencies during flooding, leucotrichia densities are reduced and species' abundances are highly equitable. large, more stable substrates with greater densities of leucotrichia are characterized by lower species evenness.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 299, "doi": "10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70016-X", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["manage_shear", "regulate_wear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136970211070016X?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["chiton", "enamel paint", "calcium carbonate", "abrasion", "nanotechnology", "materials science", "anisotropic crystal", "biological materials", "cryptochiton", "design elements and principles"], "species": ["simulium", "leucotrichia pictipes", "insects", "leucotrichia", "baetis", "montana", "rheotanytarsus", "eukiefferiella"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001, 0.058823529411764004, 0.13235294117647, 0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001], "relative_relevancy": [0.11111111111111101, 0.11111111111111101, 0.44444444444444403, 1.0, 0.11111111111111101, 0.11111111111111101, 0.11111111111111101, 0.11111111111111101]}, - {"paper": "W2479487686", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Current Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2502457466", "A2711223706", "A2627976047"], "author_names": ["A. F. G. Dixon", "P. C. Croghan", "R. P. Gowing"], "reference_ids": ["W1720162546", "W1513707980", "W2124614417", "W2082139394", "W1998139466"], "title": "The Mechanism by Which Aphids Adhere to Smooth Surfaces", "abstract": "1.the adhesive force acting between the adhesive organs and substratum for a number of aphid species has been studied. in the case of 3.evidence was collected that the working fluid of the adhesive organ has the properties of a dilute aqueous solution of a surfactant. there is a considerable reserve of fluid, presumably in the cuticle of the adhesive organ.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-pdf/152/1/243/1228723/243.pdf", "petalID": 300, "doi": "10.1016/J.CUB.2012.04.051", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down", "sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["send_signals", "process_signals", "individual_benefit", "absorb_and/or_filter_resources", "group_benefit", "chemically_assemble", "distribute_or_expel _resources", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "send_chemical_signals", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "protect_from_animals", "respond_to_signals", "sense_chemicals", "distribute_solids", "expel_solids", "chemically_assemble_organic_compounds", "absorb_and/or_filter_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(12)00471-X?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS096098221200471X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue", "mag_terms": ["seed dispersal syndrome", "seed dispersal", "mutualism", "mustard plant", "predation", "intraspecific competition", "interspecific competition", "ecology", "biology", "behavioral data"], "species": ["aphis", "aphis fabae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.023809523809523003, 0.023809523809523003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2479487686", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Current Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2502457466", "A2711223706", "A2627976047"], "author_names": ["A. F. G. Dixon", "P. C. Croghan", "R. P. Gowing"], "reference_ids": ["W1720162546", "W1513707980", "W2124614417", "W2082139394", "W1998139466"], "title": "The Mechanism by Which Aphids Adhere to Smooth Surfaces", "abstract": "1.the adhesive force acting between the adhesive organs and substratum for a number of aphid species has been studied. in the case of 3.evidence was collected that the working fluid of the adhesive organ has the properties of a dilute aqueous solution of a surfactant. there is a considerable reserve of fluid, presumably in the cuticle of the adhesive organ.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-pdf/152/1/243/1228723/243.pdf", "petalID": 300, "doi": "10.1016/J.CUB.2012.04.051", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "chemically_assemble/break_down", "sustain_ecological_community", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "distribute_or_expel _resources", "chemically_assemble", "send_signals", "protect_from_living_threats", "absorb_and/or_filter_resources", "process_signals"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds", "expel_solids", "respond_to_signals", "absorb_and/or_filter_solids", "send_chemical_signals", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "protect_from_animals", "cooperate_within/between_species", "distribute_solids", "sense_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(12)00471-X?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS096098221200471X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue", "mag_terms": ["seed dispersal syndrome", "seed dispersal", "mutualism", "mustard plant", "predation", "intraspecific competition", "interspecific competition", "ecology", "biology", "behavioral data"], "species": ["aphis", "aphis fabae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.023809523809523003, 0.023809523809523003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2073771274", "mesh_terms": ["Drug Delivery Systems", "Mucous Membrane", "Tissue Adhesives", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Excipients", "Humans"], "venue_ids": ["V114437232"], "venue_names": ["Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews", "The Condor", "BioScience", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Zoologica Africana", "South African Journal of Wildlife Research"], "author_ids": ["A2472917393"], "author_names": ["John D. Smart"], "reference_ids": ["W1973814641", "W2060759048", "W2071199087", "W1988373919", "W2015417771", "W2027344717", "W2057402257", "W2076665963", "W2157934624", "W2012997249", "W2473571549", "W1601573140", "W1981313043", "W2016137484", "W2026096705", "W2091153685", "W1554181190", "W2053462256", "W2129560004", "W2476647390", "W242207394", "W2026688692", "W2317832954", "W2478522723", "W1575987139", "W1965700760", "W1967377331", "W2489395215", "W2005295903", "W2041040799", "W2042480582", "W2345829760", "W2462646137", "W2001904268", "W2087247100", "W2086940605", "W123543948", "W285598011", "W2021769986", "W2090842376", "W69451737", "W1979349473", "W2048060870", "W2014887786", "W2023727874", "W2480183501", "W2003405717", "W2021978496", "W2066312718", "W2088581894", "W2135309893", "W2160363386", "W1587951740", "W1989513078", "W1527973685", "W1994231153", "W1979882153", "W2524984745", "W1973447487", "W2042840182", "W1903738364", "W2005359765", "W2091080223", "W2129940219", "W2482274967", "W2101059745", "W2121213712", "W2053559208", "W2074413694"], "title": "The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion.", "abstract": "mucoadhesion is where two surfaces, one of which is a mucous membrane, adhere to each other. this has been of interest in the pharmaceutical sciences in order to enhance localised drug delivery, or to deliver 'difficult' molecules (proteins and oligonucleotides) into the systemic circulation. mucoadhesive materials are hydrophilic macromolecules containing numerous hydrogen bond forming groups, the carbomers and chitosans being two well-known examples. the mechanism by which mucoadhesion takes place has been said to have two stages, the contact (wetting) stage followed by the consolidation stage (the establishment of the adhesive interactions). the relative importance of each stage will depend on the individual application. for example, adsorption is a key stage if the dosage form cannot be applied directly to the mucosa of interest, while consolidation is important if the formulation is exposed to significant dislodging stresses. adhesive joint failure will inevitably occur as a result of overhydration of a dosage form, or as a result of epithelia or mucus turnover. new mucoadhesive materials with optimal adhesive properties are now being developed, and these should enhance the potential applications of this technology.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 301, "doi": "10.2307/1309104", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["store_resources"], "level3": ["store_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1309104 seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents", "mag_terms": ["sandgrouse", "water transport", "crop", "feather", "arid", "ecology", "geography"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2091773311", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V33108253"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Bionic Engineering", "Advanced Engineering Materials", "Materials Science and Engineering"], "author_ids": ["A2954882951", "A2146598948", "A2901447158", "A2788959715", "A3065615273", "A2763448000", "A2154233268"], "author_names": ["Zhiwu Han", "Junqiu Zhang", "Ge Chao", "You L\u00fc", "Jialian Jiang", "Qingping Liu", "Luquan Ren"], "reference_ids": ["W2069486778", "W1970624071", "W2056335349", "W2100233019", "W2375445435", "W2032401535", "W1964934080", "W2019049557", "W2039679261", "W3142798003", "W2358835339", "W2382292773", "W1979058981", "W2023800360", "W1970236176", "W2017244464", "W2354368781", "W2383766900", "W2360541330", "W2113684496", "W2012591646"], "title": "Anti-Erosion Function in Animals and its Biomimetic Application", "abstract": "abstract material failure is usually caused by corrosion, wear and mechanical damage. according to previous researches, erosion wear holds about 8% of regular wear in industrial production. in the present work, a new approach, which adopted the idea of coupling bionics to improve erosion resistance of machine parts, was presented. simulation by ansys/ls-dyna finite element software was applied to predict the relative erosion severity, and experiment optimum design theory was employed to design experiment scheme. silica sand of particle size 105 \u03bcm\u2013830 \u03bcm was used as the erodent. the erosion tests were carried out to validate the simulation results obtained. it is shown that the simulation results are in agreement with those of the experiment. the morphologies of eroded surface were examined by scanning electron microscope, and the possible wear mechanism was discussed.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 302, "doi": "10.1002/ADEM.201180027", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["manage_external_forces", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals", "manage_impact", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adem.201180027", "mag_terms": ["piranha", "arapaima", "flexibility", "bite force quotient", "ultimate tensile strength", "layer", "toughness", "composite number", "composite material", "materials science"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2125719337", "mesh_terms": ["Bone Density", "Femur", "Humerus", "Passeriformes", "Skull", "Analysis of Variance", "Anatomy, Comparative", "Animals", "Body Weights and Measures", "Bone Density", "Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Femur", "Humerus", "Passeriformes", "Passeriformes", "Rodentia", "Rodentia", "Rodentia", "Skull"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Physics of Fluids", "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics", "Journal of Morphology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Journal of Fish Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2009565338"], "author_names": ["Elizabeth R. Dumont"], "reference_ids": ["W2492697853", "W1979466421", "W2080553361", "W1966379485", "W2014397497", "W2105888307", "W2155253185", "W2153165351", "W2120231989", "W1546962148", "W1998022456", "W2040851406", "W2183005552", "W2167337642", "W1990829366", "W2161349279", "W1555551215", "W2052604797", "W640199038", "W1968306663", "W2039314907", "W2126273262", "W1556186925", "W2004184581", "W2028268473", "W2040035506", "W1995005618", "W2098428536", "W2108375163", "W2073704760"], "title": "Bone density and the lightweight skeletons of birds", "abstract": "the skeletons of birds are universally described as lightweight as a result of selection for minimizing the energy required for flight. from a functional perspective, the weight (mass) of an animal relative to its lift-generating surfaces is a key determinant of the metabolic cost of flight. the evolution of birds has been characterized by many weight-saving adaptations that are reflected in bone shape, many of which strengthen and stiffen the skeleton. although largely unstudied in birds, the material properties of bone tissue can also contribute to bone strength and stiffness. in this study, i calculated the density of the cranium, humerus and femur in passerine birds, rodents and bats by measuring bone mass and volume using helium displacement. i found that, on average, these bones are densest in birds, followed closely by bats. as bone density increases, so do bone stiffness and strength. both of these optimization criteria are used in the design of strong and stiff, but lightweight, manmade airframes. by analogy, increased bone density in birds and bats may reflect adaptations for maximizing bone strength and stiffness while minimizing bone mass and volume. these data suggest that both bone shape and the material properties of bone tissue have played important roles in the evolution of flight. they also reconcile the conundrum of how bird skeletons can appear to be thin and delicate, yet contribute just as much to total body mass as do the skeletons of terrestrial mammals.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2880151?pdf=render", "petalID": 303, "doi": "10.1111/JFB.12705", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement", "passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jfb.12705", "mag_terms": ["isurus", "shortfin mako shark", "lift coefficient", "drag", "drag coefficient", "parasitic drag", "lift", "flow velocity", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["rodents", "bird", "rodent", "birds", "bats", "mammals"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011904761904761, 0.07142857142857101, 0.011904761904761, 0.07142857142857101, 0.035714285714285005, 0.011904761904761], "relative_relevancy": [0.16666666666666602, 1.0, 0.16666666666666602, 1.0, 0.5, 0.16666666666666602]}, @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ {"paper": "W2087363527", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V24807848"], "venue_names": ["Physical Review Letters", "Nature Reviews Microbiology", "Macromolecular Bioscience"], "author_ids": ["A2183580721", "A2137938848"], "author_names": ["Jonathan B. Boreyko", "Chuan-Hua Chen"], "reference_ids": ["W1985257906", "W2118944841"], "title": "Self-propelled dropwise condensate on superhydrophobic surfaces.", "abstract": "in conventional dropwise condensation on a hydrophobic surface, the condensate drops must be removed by external forces for continuous operation. this letter reports continuous dropwise condensation spontaneously occurring on a superhydrophobic surface without any external forces. the spontaneous drop removal results from the surface energy released upon drop coalescence, which leads to a surprising out-of-plane jumping motion of the coalesced drops at a speed as high as 1 m/s. the jumping follows an inertial-capillary scaling and gives rise to a micrometric average diameter at steady state.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 314, "doi": "10.1038/NRMICRO2354", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro2354", "mag_terms": ["biopolymer", "polymer", "biochemical engineering", "biosynthesis", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W1967164790", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V110876149"], "venue_names": ["Trees-structure and Function", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Physiological and Biochemical Zoology"], "author_ids": ["A2221143260", "A2566173240", "A2696280281"], "author_names": ["John W. Cram", "Peter G. Torr", "Derek A. Rose"], "reference_ids": ["W2111935289", "W2125219010", "W2318691702", "W436995", "W1963708658", "W2056666744", "W2473888473", "W1542649433", "W2472871407", "W2027998395", "W1664406514", "W2153014567", "W2069000697", "W2085529784", "W1567426614", "W2028956313"], "title": "Salt allocation during leaf development and leaf fall in mangroves", "abstract": "by taking samples along individual branches and measuring leaf size, thickness and na+ and k+ concentrations, we have shown in bruguiera cylindrica, avicennia rumphiana and avicennia marina that there are two phases of salt accumulation by leaves. this is confirmed by re-analysis of published data for other species. the first phase is a rapid increase in leaf content as it grows from bud to maturity; the second is a slower but continuous change in quantity in the leaf, via changes in ion concentration and/or in leaf thickening. leaf thickening must not be overlooked in estimating changes in leaf contents with age. generally, leaf na+ content increases significantly, and k+ content falls slightly. mangrove leaves thus continue as sinks for na+ throughout their lifetime. at the end of a leaf's life, just before abscission, no burst of salt accumulation has been found. yellow, senescent leaves do not have higher na+ than old green ones. we point out that leaf drop involves losing both salt and biomass, not just salt, and hence does not reduce the salt concentration in the plant. we conclude that leaf drop is not a salt excretion mechanism, but is simply the point in time at which the leaf ceases to accumulate salt. using a simple model, the contribution to salt accumulation of slowly accumulated na+ by mature leaves has been calculated. for b. cylindrica, the most extensively studied species, 60% of the salt in the leaf is accumulated slowly in the mature phase, thus more than during the initial phase of rapid expansion growth. the limited data suggest that gland-bearing species show smaller changes in mature leaf na+ content than do gland-less species.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 315, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.02007", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_loss_of_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/209/2/202", "mag_terms": ["stratum corneum", "integument", "vertebrate", "phenotypic plasticity", "desiccation", "biophysics", "tetrapod", "ecology", "biology", "skin conductance", "water barrier"], "species": ["marina", "avicennia marina", "bruguiera cylindrica"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010752688172043001, 0.0, 0.010752688172043001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2014062656", "mesh_terms": ["Animal Migration", "Behavior, Animal", "Flight, Animal", "Ganglia, Invertebrate", "Grasshoppers", "Serotonin", "5-Hydroxytryptophan", "5-Hydroxytryptophan", "5-Hydroxytryptophan", "Animals", "Behavior, Animal", "Crowding", "Ganglia, Invertebrate", "Grasshoppers", "Grasshoppers", "Logistic Models", "Neural Pathways", "Neural Pathways", "Odorants", "Pest Control", "Photic Stimulation", "Physical Stimulation", "Population Density", "Serotonin", "Serotonin", "Serotonin", "Serotonin Antagonists", "Serotonin Antagonists", "Serotonin Receptor Agonists", "Serotonin Receptor Agonists", "Social Behavior"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Life on Earth: A Natural History", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A1987075208", "A2474473728", "A2114711355", "A2129610999", "A2161080952"], "author_names": ["Michael L. Anstey", "Stephen M. Rogers", "Swidbert R. Ott", "Malcolm Burrows", "Stephen J. Simpson"], "reference_ids": ["W1981491607", "W1994158001", "W2093657084", "W2123242841", "W2019289446", "W1652873496", "W2062726695", "W2018843989", "W2006668156", "W2057348628", "W2128739389", "W1523448884", "W2027070780", "W2097490641", "W2103065366", "W2132985847", "W2414097325", "W2005551476", "W1964955838", "W2147143607", "W1995176769", "W1661974170", "W1970318944", "W2143178618", "W1967663916", "W1973543319", "W1996901296", "W2057555690", "W2154818125"], "title": "Serotonin Mediates Behavioral Gregarization Underlying Swarm Formation in Desert Locusts", "abstract": "desert locusts, schistocerca gregaria, show extreme phenotypic plasticity, transforming between a little-seen solitarious phase and the notorious swarming gregarious phase depending on population density. an essential tipping point in the process of swarm formation is the initial switch from strong mutual aversion in solitarious locusts to coherent group formation and greater activity in gregarious locusts. we show here that serotonin, an evolutionarily conserved mediator of neuronal plasticity, is responsible for this behavioral transformation, being both necessary if behavioral gregarization is to occur and sufficient to induce it. our data demonstrate a neurochemical mechanism linking interactions between individuals to large-scale changes in population structure and the onset of mass migration.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 316, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2000.1153", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["regulate_wear", "prevent_fatigue"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2000.1153", "mag_terms": ["resilin", "wing", "pachnoda marginata", "elasticity", "structural engineering", "biology", "distribution pattern", "insect proteins", "natural enemies"], "species": ["locusts", "schistocerca gregaria", "schistocerca", "desert locust"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.08333333333333301, 0.027777777777777003, 0.027777777777777003, 0.027777777777777003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304]}, - {"paper": "W1988940782", "mesh_terms": ["Biomimetics", "Extremities", "Grasshoppers", "Hand Strength", "Models, Biological", "Muscle Contraction", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Animals", "Biomimetics", "Computer Simulation", "Extremities", "Grasshoppers", "Hand Strength", "Manufactured Materials", "Muscle Contraction", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Surface Properties"], "venue_ids": ["V87464931"], "venue_names": ["Bioinspiration & Biomimetics", "PLOS ONE", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Cimbebasia", "Annales Zoologici"], "author_ids": ["A2105064863", "A2097451272", "A2137405803", "A2690004893"], "author_names": ["Longbao Han", "Zhouyi Wang", "Aihong Ji", "Zhendong Dai"], "reference_ids": ["W2969856876", "W1543963272", "W1670765730", "W2109496928", "W2153981234", "W1990243798", "W2380623267", "W756204129", "W2131945542", "W2135691373", "W2366736845", "W973736521", "W2082662019", "W2126636026", "W3151088100", "W2108844777", "W2093937828", "W2334235976", "W2144672110", "W2032621787", "W2110972814", "W2000101194"], "title": "Grip and detachment of locusts on inverted sandpaper substrates.", "abstract": "locusts (locusta migratoria manilensis) are characterized by their strong flying and grasping ability. research on the grasping mechanism and behaviour of locusts on sloping substrates plays an important role in elucidating the mechanics of hexapod locomotion. data on the maximum angles of slope at which locusts can grasp stably (critical angles of detachment) were obtained from high-speed video recordings at 215 fps. the grasping forces were collected by using two sensors, in situations where all left legs were standing on one and the right legs on the other sensor plate. these data were used to illustrate the grasping ability of locusts on slopes with varying levels of roughness. the grasping morphologies of locusts' bodies and tarsi were observed, and the surface roughness as well as diameters of their claw tips was measured under a microscope to account for the grasping mechanism of these insects on the sloping substrate. the results showed that the claw tips and part of the pads were in contact with the inverted substrate when the mean particle diameter was in the range of 15.3?40.5 ?m. the interaction between pads and substrates may improve the stability of contact, and claw tips may play a key role in keeping the attachment reliable. a model was developed to explain the significant effects of the relative size of claw tips and mean particle diameter on grasping ability as well as the observed increase in lateral force (2.09?4.05 times greater than the normal force during detachment) with increasing slope angle, which indicates that the lateral force may be extremely important in keeping the contact reliable. this research lays the groundwork for the probable design and development of biomimetic robotics.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 317, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0000132", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_solids", "manage populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000132", "mag_terms": ["evarcha culicivora", "anopheles gambiae", "anopheles", "spider", "predation", "jumping spider", "predator", "biological pest control", "biology", "ecology"], "species": ["locusts", "insects", "locusta migratoria manilensis", "locusta migratoria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.05494505494505401, 0.010989010989010001, 0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.2, 0.0, 0.0]}, + {"paper": "W1988940782", "mesh_terms": ["Biomimetics", "Extremities", "Grasshoppers", "Hand Strength", "Models, Biological", "Muscle Contraction", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Animals", "Biomimetics", "Computer Simulation", "Extremities", "Grasshoppers", "Hand Strength", "Manufactured Materials", "Muscle Contraction", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Surface Properties"], "venue_ids": ["V87464931"], "venue_names": ["Bioinspiration & Biomimetics", "PLOS ONE", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Cimbebasia", "Annales Zoologici"], "author_ids": ["A2105064863", "A2097451272", "A2137405803", "A2690004893"], "author_names": ["Longbao Han", "Zhouyi Wang", "Aihong Ji", "Zhendong Dai"], "reference_ids": ["W2969856876", "W1543963272", "W1670765730", "W2109496928", "W2153981234", "W1990243798", "W2380623267", "W756204129", "W2131945542", "W2135691373", "W2366736845", "W973736521", "W2082662019", "W2126636026", "W3151088100", "W2108844777", "W2093937828", "W2334235976", "W2144672110", "W2032621787", "W2110972814", "W2000101194"], "title": "Grip and detachment of locusts on inverted sandpaper substrates.", "abstract": "locusts (locusta migratoria manilensis) are characterized by their strong flying and grasping ability. research on the grasping mechanism and behaviour of locusts on sloping substrates plays an important role in elucidating the mechanics of hexapod locomotion. data on the maximum angles of slope at which locusts can grasp stably (critical angles of detachment) were obtained from high-speed video recordings at 215 fps. the grasping forces were collected by using two sensors, in situations where all left legs were standing on one and the right legs on the other sensor plate. these data were used to illustrate the grasping ability of locusts on slopes with varying levels of roughness. the grasping morphologies of locusts' bodies and tarsi were observed, and the surface roughness as well as diameters of their claw tips was measured under a microscope to account for the grasping mechanism of these insects on the sloping substrate. the results showed that the claw tips and part of the pads were in contact with the inverted substrate when the mean particle diameter was in the range of 15.3?40.5 ?m. the interaction between pads and substrates may improve the stability of contact, and claw tips may play a key role in keeping the attachment reliable. a model was developed to explain the significant effects of the relative size of claw tips and mean particle diameter on grasping ability as well as the observed increase in lateral force (2.09?4.05 times greater than the normal force during detachment) with increasing slope angle, which indicates that the lateral force may be extremely important in keeping the contact reliable. this research lays the groundwork for the probable design and development of biomimetic robotics.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 317, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0000132", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_solids", "manage_populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000132", "mag_terms": ["evarcha culicivora", "anopheles gambiae", "anopheles", "spider", "predation", "jumping spider", "predator", "biological pest control", "biology", "ecology"], "species": ["locusts", "insects", "locusta migratoria manilensis", "locusta migratoria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.05494505494505401, 0.010989010989010001, 0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.2, 0.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2113216539", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V117082959"], "venue_names": ["Energy and Environmental Science", "International Journal of Acarology"], "author_ids": ["A243635408", "A2121177668", "A1181787701", "A24768249"], "author_names": ["Sarah M. Strycharz-Glaven", "Rachel M. Snider", "Anthony Guiseppi-Elie", "Leonard M. Tender"], "reference_ids": ["W1954803682", "W2148274908", "W1819608750", "W2004095611", "W2109010064", "W2049446816", "W2045844352", "W1996036755", "W2006028467", "W2088909698", "W2103600095", "W2026041005", "W2038209190", "W2111569769", "W2132644358", "W1970977789", "W2069795348", "W2074555698", "W1982035274", "W1991389128", "W2113402087", "W2160549245", "W2021810723", "W1980905565", "W1989282437", "W51419519", "W2044455664", "W1606869502", "W1981049234", "W2038833197", "W2121847412", "W3173624724", "W1968411365", "W2009222045", "W2105819438", "W2104298200", "W2131536815", "W2167654536", "W1988673993", "W2026699540", "W2112216401", "W1978762857", "W2154835275", "W3081956156", "W2110891418", "W1986138888", "W2157443270", "W2159634508", "W2133535156", "W1967677046", "W2149110469", "W2030343629", "W2049092556", "W2121325839", "W1860569707", "W2000458321", "W2084358370", "W2090242510", "W2107619830", "W1503277173", "W2040071863", "W2058155574", "W1966935775", "W1992408462", "W1985704490", "W2018069475", "W2078403254", "W2139897784", "W2144465161", "W2153502477"], "title": "On the electrical conductivity of microbial nanowires and biofilms", "abstract": "dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (dmrb), such as geobacter and shewanella spp., occupy a distinct metabolic niche in which they acquire energy by coupling oxidation of organic fuels with reduction of insoluble extracellular electron acceptors (i.e., minerals). their unique extracellular electron transfer (eet) capabilities extend to reduction of anodes (electrodes maintained at sufficiently positive potentials) on which they form persistent, electric current generating biofilms. one hypothesis describing the mechanism of eet by geobacter and shewanella spp. involves superexchange in which electrons are conducted by a succession of electron transfer reactions among redox proteins associated with the outer cell membranes, aligned along pilus-like filaments (e.g.pili), and/or throughout the extracellular matrix. here we present theory, previously developed to describe superexchange within abiotic redox polymers, to describe superexchange within dmrb biofilms grown on anodes. we show that this theory appears to apply to recent ex situ measurements of electrical conductivity by individual pilus-like filaments of s. oneidensis mr-1 and g. sulfurreducensdl1, referred to as microbial nanowires. microbial nanowires have received much recent attention because they are thought by some to impart electrical conductivity to dmrb biofilms and because of the prospect of microbe-produced conductive nanomaterials. we also show that this theory appears to apply to preliminary in situ demonstration of electrical conductivity of an anode-grown g. sulfurreducensdl1 biofilm. based on these results we suggest a role for nanowires of s. oneidensis and g. sulfurreducens in biofilm conductivity.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 318, "doi": "10.1080/17088180809434786", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_loss_of_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17088180809434786", "mag_terms": ["balaustium", "mite", "cuticle", "desiccation", "secretion", "permeability", "velvet", "arid", "horticulture", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012820512820512001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2025385888", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Biological", "Evolution, Molecular", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Models, Molecular", "Plant Diseases", "Threonine Dehydratase", "Adaptation, Biological", "Analysis of Variance", "Animals", "Crystallization", "Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel", "Genetic Vectors", "Genetic Vectors", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Manduca", "Manduca", "Mutagenesis, Site-Directed", "Plant Diseases", "Threonine", "Threonine", "Threonine Dehydratase", "Threonine Dehydratase"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "The Plant Cell"], "author_ids": ["A77215709", "A2046953051", "A2116320321", "A2018493635"], "author_names": ["Eliana Gonzales-Vigil", "Christopher M. Bianchetti", "George N. Phillips", "Gregg A. Howe"], "reference_ids": ["W1988625445", "W1539796472", "W2109184569", "W2103196178", "W2023926109", "W2132880313", "W2106937279", "W1993490235", "W2083182014", "W2090630635", "W2035503835", "W2022751627", "W2170402252", "W1970280909", "W2093395301", "W2117794943", "W2162955775", "W1532348513", "W2074986801", "W2152301430", "W2063428166", "W2144081223", "W2152338148", "W2132717858", "W2153195964", "W2060059149", "W2108771497", "W2046523220", "W1999208964", "W2097493124", "W1991185378", "W2089225468", "W2102370248", "W3140667548", "W2020300496", "W2113176700", "W2011795675", "W2068768363", "W2136548181", "W2125270492", "W2158543301"], "title": "Adaptive evolution of threonine deaminase in plant defense against insect herbivores", "abstract": "gene duplication is a major source of plant chemical diversity that mediates plant\u2013herbivore interactions. there is little direct evidence, however, that novel chemical traits arising from gene duplication reduce herbivory. higher plants use threonine deaminase (td) to catalyze the dehydration of threonine (thr) to \u03b1-ketobutyrate and ammonia as the committed step in the biosynthesis of isoleucine (ile). cultivated tomato and related solanum species contain a duplicated td paralog (td2) that is coexpressed with a suite of genes involved in herbivore resistance. analysis of td2-deficient tomato lines showed that td2 has a defensive function related to thr catabolism in the gut of lepidopteran herbivores. during herbivory, the regulatory domain of td2 is removed by proteolysis to generate a truncated protein (ptd2) that efficiently degrades thr without being inhibited by ile. we show that this proteolytic activation step occurs in the gut of lepidopteran but not coleopteran herbivores, and is catalyzed by a chymotrypsin-like protease of insect origin. analysis of purified recombinant enzymes showed that td2 is remarkably more resistant to proteolysis and high temperature than the ancestral td1 isoform. the crystal structure of ptd2 provided evidence that electrostatic interactions constitute a stabilizing feature associated with adaptation of td2 to the extreme environment of the lepidopteran gut. these findings demonstrate a role for gene duplication in the evolution of a plant defense that targets and co-opts herbivore digestive physiology.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/108/14/5897.full.pdf", "petalID": 319, "doi": "10.1105/TPC.109.069773", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats", "detox/purify"], "level3": ["protect_from_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "http://www.plantcell.org/content/22/6/2045", "mag_terms": ["pteris vittata", "arsenite", "sporophyte", "fern", "gametophyte", "arsenic", "arsenate", "frond", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["plants", "higher plants", "tomato"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012048192771084001, 0.0, 0.024096385542168003], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1968594317", "mesh_terms": ["Asteraceae", "Plant Structures", "Asteraceae", "Asteraceae", "Carbohydrates", "Carbohydrates", "Elasticity", "Fatty Acids", "Fatty Acids", "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry", "In Vitro Techniques", "Membrane Lipids", "Membrane Lipids", "Plant Extracts", "Plant Extracts", "Plant Extracts", "Plant Structures", "Plant Structures", "Spectrum Analysis", "Trimethylsilyl Compounds", "Trimethylsilyl Compounds", "Water", "Waxes", "Waxes"], "venue_ids": ["V193523036"], "venue_names": ["Planta", "The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature", "Copeia", "Climate Research", "Canadian Journal of Zoology", "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A1972026296", "A2572789441", "A741441096"], "author_names": ["Francoise Marga", "Thomas C. Pesacreta", "Karl H. Hasenstein"], "reference_ids": ["W95877464", "W2156990942", "W2003962689", "W2070447800", "W2159080918", "W2168602386", "W3021343360", "W2494204563", "W1973593605", "W2101210849", "W2051493675", "W2912999439", "W1593269769", "W3191602515", "W2005452002", "W2071819620", "W1993346927", "W2885036201", "W152658846", "W3082825685", "W2278661400", "W2304629471", "W1615927438"], "title": "Biochemical analysis of elastic and rigid cuticles of Cirsium horridulum.", "abstract": "the cuticle is a complex structure of soluble lipids, lipid polymers and polysaccharides. in addition to its functions to reduce water loss and provide a protective barrier, its mechanical properties may be significant to plant growth and development. we investigated the cuticle of cirsium horridulum michx. because of its involvement in the thigmonastic contraction of staminal filaments. the staminal filaments and portions of the style are surrounded by a highly elastic cuticle in contrast to the rigid cuticle of the corolla and leaves. our aim was to determine if the biochemical composition affected the elasticity of the cuticle. we discovered that the ratio of carbohydrates to lipids is 1:7 in floral parts but 2:1 in leaf cuticle. esterified cutin components represented about 80% of the cuticle and di-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids were the major monomers of cutin, regardless of origin. the cutin of elastic tissues is characterized by a higher content of tri-hydroxy monomers than the cutin of rigid tissues. the data suggest that hydroxyl groups enhance the hydrophilic character of the cuticle and contribute to cuticular elasticity.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 320, "doi": "10.2307/1447745", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "protect_from_ice"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1447745?origin=crossref&seq=1", "mag_terms": ["jumping", "righting reflex", "crucifer", "ventilation", "animal science", "biology", "botany", "recovery period"], "species": ["cirsium horridulum"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017241379310344], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -372,12 +372,12 @@ {"paper": "W2340315483", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Physiological", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Color", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Africa, Northern", "Animals", "Ants", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Climate", "Hot Temperature", "Models, Theoretical"], "venue_ids": ["V202381698"], "venue_names": ["PLOS ONE", "JEB"], "author_ids": ["A2194559814", "A2124474393", "A2792556445", "A2125273141"], "author_names": ["Quentin Willot", "Priscilla Simonis", "Jean-Pol Vigneron", "Serge Aron"], "reference_ids": ["W2166580329", "W2319060796", "W2042494060", "W2034414263", "W2045278457", "W2069299825", "W2001335877", "W2185411687", "W2120961294", "W1996282267", "W2089155741", "W2148568716", "W1998093413", "W2067748328", "W2143350726", "W2749967984", "W2051230481", "W2015818793", "W2074067375", "W1676421722", "W1982573608", "W2033586642", "W2041718488", "W1972989632", "W2021616514", "W1691917253", "W2045628320", "W2160352380", "W2021938974", "W1967449490", "W2025495425"], "title": "Total Internal Reflection Accounts for the Bright Color of the Saharan Silver Ant.", "abstract": "the saharan silver ant cataglyphis bombycina is one of the terrestrial living organisms best adapted to tolerate high temperatures. it has recently been shown that the hairs covering the ant's dorsal body part are responsible for its silvery appearance. the hairs have a triangular cross-section with two corrugated surfaces allowing a high optical reflection in the visible and near-infrared (nir) range of the spectrum while maximizing heat emissivity in the mid-infrared (mir). those two effects account for remarkable thermoregulatory properties, enabling the ant to maintain a lower thermal steady state and to cope with the high temperature of its natural habitat. in this paper, we further investigate how geometrical optical and high reflection properties account for the bright silver color of c. bombycina. using optical ray-tracing models and attenuated total reflection (atr) experiments, we show that, for a large range of incidence angles, total internal reflection (tir) conditions are satisfied on the basal face of each hair for light entering and exiting through its upper faces. the reflection properties of the hairs are further enhanced by the presence of the corrugated surface, giving them an almost total specular reflectance for most incidence angles. we also show that hairs provide an almost 10-fold increase in light reflection, and we confirm experimentally that they are responsible for a lower internal body temperature under incident sunlight. overall, this study improves our understanding of the optical mechanisms responsible for the silver color of c. bombycina and the remarkable thermoregulatory properties of the hair coat covering the ant's body.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152325&type=printable", "petalID": 370, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.041434", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["send_signals", "camouflage/mimicry", "change_chemical_color/pigmentation"], "level3": ["change_structural_color", "send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/10/1731", "mag_terms": ["iridescence", "wing", "graphium sarpedon", "camouflage", "bristle", "pigment", "optics", "biology", "sarpedobilin", "wing membrane"], "species": ["cataglyphis bombycina"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.013888888888888002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2120080995", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V4210186254", "V4210186254"], "venue_names": ["American journal of nanotechnology", "American journal of nanotechnology", "Physics Letters B", "Journal of Thermal Biology", "Physiological Zoology", "American Journal of Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2098317470", "A2163697155"], "author_names": ["Namita Soni", "Soam Prakash"], "reference_ids": ["W2031065387", "W2111933519", "W2001083955", "W2077228161", "W2116036235", "W2169740300", "W1980495221", "W1988281704", "W2105263431", "W1561148665", "W2052051931", "W2019179211", "W2089616195", "W2109698929", "W1544213383", "W2028374393", "W2086134944", "W2003089936", "W2060883152", "W2167431819"], "title": "Factors Affecting the Geometry of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis in Chrysosporium Tropicum and Fusarium Oxysporum", "abstract": "problem statement: biosynthesis of nanoparticles using fungal cells is a novel approach to develop biotechnological possess such as bioleaching and bioremediation. in the present study, an effort was made to investigate the effect of physio-chemical parameters on the silver nanoparticle formation with the fungus chrysosporium tropicum carmichael and fusarium oxysporum schltdl. approach: the possibilities to manipulating the geometry of silver nanoparticles by altering the key growth parameters such as ph, temperature, concentrations and time have been explored. the effect of agno3 with the cell free extract of fungi and time, temperature, ph with the formation of silver has also been investigated. the presence of nanosilver has been carried out with the micro-scan reader and has been confirmed by x-rays diffractometer (xrd). the micrographs of the silver nanoparticles have been evaluated through the transmission electron microscope (tem) and confirmed by scanning electron microscope (sem). the effect of concentrations with response to time, temperature and ph has studied with the help of micro-scan reader and their microstructure analyzed by tem and sem. results: it was observed that fungus c. tropicum and f. oxysporum schltdl significantly activate the extra-cellular production of silver nanoparticles. the different sized and spherical shaped nanoparticles have been formed in different strains. with the increase in concentration, the absorbance increased with response to time (24-120h) and temperature. significantly, the ph was found decreasing with the increase of absorbance. conclusion: we presume that these changes initiate new geometry of nanosilver in the cell free solutions. these different shaped, sized and geometry of nanoparticles can be used in the field of medicine for drug formation and diseases diagnosis.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://thescipub.com/pdf/10.3844/ajnsp.2011.112.121", "petalID": 371, "doi": "10.1016/0306-4565(85)90004-X", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030645658590004X?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["alligator", "thermoregulation", "crocodilia", "heat exchanger", "animal science", "thermodynamics", "chemistry", "body size"], "species": ["fusarium oxysporum", "chrysosporium tropicum"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009900990099009, 0.009900990099009], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2121998447", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Biological", "Dental Enamel", "Diet", "Hominidae", "Models, Theoretical", "Animals", "Dental Enamel", "Hominidae", "Species Specificity", "Stress, Mechanical"], "venue_ids": ["V126146781"], "venue_names": ["American Journal of Physical Anthropology", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A1845051657", "A2157651493", "A2307346865", "A2182039507"], "author_names": ["Paul J. Constantino", "Peter W. Lucas", "James J.-W. Lee", "Brian R. Lawn"], "reference_ids": ["W181512472", "W2041377956", "W2325890344", "W2035302106", "W2129896484", "W1599774448", "W1971783258", "W1982128234", "W2102936448", "W132329766", "W1500464144", "W1969831606", "W2028633667", "W1963662048", "W2011014042", "W2162781600", "W1571624785", "W2152502571", "W1983839389", "W2038082917", "W2030257981", "W2041740775", "W2040707030", "W2123832212", "W2282070633", "W2345369631", "W1975186692", "W2074359209", "W2099455236", "W2120690069", "W2291925476", "W2064494282", "W2035712197", "W2067614753", "W2017072798", "W2142687422", "W2151249908", "W1973696459", "W2077891872", "W2099002036", "W2315604105", "W1992770239", "W2032745217", "W2071530361", "W2139432583", "W2465262065", "W72695705", "W2088680645", "W1546625087", "W2077907586", "W2078033146", "W2165613829", "W1993379507", "W2068662304", "W2074726746", "W2105471401", "W1590834754", "W1963860768", "W2078480204", "W2107698941", "W3143403784", "W2072896660", "W1524546484", "W2070263612", "W2502205852", "W1996792369", "W2009123399", "W2033297340", "W2036636189", "W2146132963", "W1622271722", "W2082419783", "W2338504507", "W1966196050", "W1974405286", "W2012620482", "W2093874931", "W2105540409", "W2489138127", "W2025390796", "W2027571869", "W2029559082", "W2169868829", "W1893631019", "W1989861942", "W2050275332", "W2099915546", "W2157393027", "W1497564186", "W1971626538", "W2009382275", "W2164788898", "W2169897863", "W2189058918", "W2741039822", "W1745725575", "W1992658163", "W17124083", "W1965167237", "W2062679077"], "title": "The influence of fallback foods on great ape tooth enamel", "abstract": "lucas and colleagues recently proposed a model based on fracture and deformation concepts to describe how mammalian tooth enamel may be adapted to the mechanical demands of diet (lucas et al.: bioes- says 30(2008) 374-385). here we review the applicability of that model by examining existing data on the food me- chanical properties and enamel morphology of great apes (pan, pongo, and gorilla). particular attention is paid to whether the consumption of fallback foods is likely to play a key role in influencing great ape enamel morphol- ogy. our results suggest that this is indeed the case. we also consider the implications of this conclusion on the evolution of the dentition of extinct hominins. am j phys anthropol 140:653-660, 2009. v c", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024&context=bio_sciences_faculty", "petalID": 372, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1183310", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["send_signals", "process_signals", "active_movement"], "level3": ["send_sound_signals", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/327/5966/701", "mag_terms": ["sonar", "field of view", "human echolocation", "visual field", "computer vision", "optics", "computer science", "artificial intelligence", "champ visuel", "maximum slope", "spatial localization"], "species": ["ape", "pan", "gorilla", "pongo", "great apes", "apes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.054054054054054, 0.027027027027027, 0.027027027027027, 0.027027027027027, 0.0, 0.027027027027027], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.5]}, - {"paper": "W2017990892", "mesh_terms": ["Bees", "Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated", "Receptors, Odorant", "Animals", "Bees", "Bees", "Electrophysiology", "Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated", "Female", "Oligopeptides", "Oligopeptides", "Oocytes", "Patch-Clamp Techniques", "Phylogeny", "Receptors, Odorant", "Receptors, Odorant", "Xenopus laevis"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A2129697994", "A2606184493", "A2053932409", "A2601097418", "A263405427", "A2129618645"], "author_names": ["Kevin W. Wanner", "Andrew S. Nichols", "Kimberly K. O. Walden", "Axel Brockmann", "Charles W. Luetje", "Hugh M. Robertson"], "reference_ids": ["W2071202857", "W2077787895", "W3141760056", "W2037288402", "W2029761525", "W2112196104", "W2093902047", "W1897555934", "W2011634105", "W2291974039", "W2097233732", "W1967044113", "W1979758690", "W2124052989", "W2006013721", "W1975000838", "W2148229733", "W2012959998", "W2078104786", "W1537297526", "W2101625991", "W2163103411", "W20999385", "W1964413617", "W2147640814", "W2063939783", "W2082788644", "W1982274607", "W2039569931", "W2055138181", "W2280403856", "W2099049981", "W2137733444", "W2474775202", "W1968313787", "W2107277218", "W2111287173", "W2122017733", "W2127857503", "W2132285289", "W2161105371", "W2039624301", "W2059575493", "W2015841833", "W2152398370"], "title": "A honey bee odorant receptor for the queen substance 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid.", "abstract": "by using a functional genomics approach, we have identified a honey bee [apis mellifera (am)] odorant receptor (or) for the queen substance 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid (9-oda). honey bees live in large eusocial colonies in which a single queen is responsible for reproduction, several thousand sterile female worker bees complete a myriad of tasks to maintain the colony, and several hundred male drones exist only to mate. the \u201cqueen substance\u201d [also termed the queen retinue pheromone (qrp)] is an eight-component pheromone that maintains the queen's dominance in the colony. the main component, 9-oda, acts as a releaser pheromone by attracting workers to the queen and as a primer pheromone by physiologically inhibiting worker ovary development; it also acts as a sex pheromone, attracting drones during mating flights. however, the extent to which social and sexual chemical messages are shared remains unresolved. by using a custom chemosensory-specific microarray and qpcr, we identified four candidate sex pheromone ors (amor10, -11, -18, and -170) from the honey bee genome based on their biased expression in drone antennae. we assayed the pheromone responsiveness of these receptors by using xenopus oocytes and electrophysiology. amor11 responded specifically to 9-oda (ec50 = 280 \u00b1 31 nm) and not to any of the other seven qrp components, other social pheromones, or floral odors. we did not observe any responses of the other three ors to any of the eight qrp pheromone components, suggesting 9-oda is the only qrp component that also acts as a long-distance sex pheromone.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/104/36/14383.full.pdf", "petalID": 373, "doi": "10.1002/ECY.2008", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.2008", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "myrmecophyte", "herbivore", "nectar", "acacia", "symbiosis", "plant defense against herbivory", "ecology", "ant", "biology"], "species": ["apis", "bee", "honey bees", "honey bee", "apis mellifera", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011627906976744, 0.034883720930232, 0.011627906976744, 0.034883720930232, 0.011627906976744, 0.011627906976744], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304]}, + {"paper": "W2017990892", "mesh_terms": ["Bees", "Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated", "Receptors, Odorant", "Animals", "Bees", "Bees", "Electrophysiology", "Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated", "Female", "Oligopeptides", "Oligopeptides", "Oocytes", "Patch-Clamp Techniques", "Phylogeny", "Receptors, Odorant", "Receptors, Odorant", "Xenopus laevis"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A2129697994", "A2606184493", "A2053932409", "A2601097418", "A263405427", "A2129618645"], "author_names": ["Kevin W. Wanner", "Andrew S. Nichols", "Kimberly K. O. Walden", "Axel Brockmann", "Charles W. Luetje", "Hugh M. Robertson"], "reference_ids": ["W2071202857", "W2077787895", "W3141760056", "W2037288402", "W2029761525", "W2112196104", "W2093902047", "W1897555934", "W2011634105", "W2291974039", "W2097233732", "W1967044113", "W1979758690", "W2124052989", "W2006013721", "W1975000838", "W2148229733", "W2012959998", "W2078104786", "W1537297526", "W2101625991", "W2163103411", "W20999385", "W1964413617", "W2147640814", "W2063939783", "W2082788644", "W1982274607", "W2039569931", "W2055138181", "W2280403856", "W2099049981", "W2137733444", "W2474775202", "W1968313787", "W2107277218", "W2111287173", "W2122017733", "W2127857503", "W2132285289", "W2161105371", "W2039624301", "W2059575493", "W2015841833", "W2152398370"], "title": "A honey bee odorant receptor for the queen substance 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid.", "abstract": "by using a functional genomics approach, we have identified a honey bee [apis mellifera (am)] odorant receptor (or) for the queen substance 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid (9-oda). honey bees live in large eusocial colonies in which a single queen is responsible for reproduction, several thousand sterile female worker bees complete a myriad of tasks to maintain the colony, and several hundred male drones exist only to mate. the \u201cqueen substance\u201d [also termed the queen retinue pheromone (qrp)] is an eight-component pheromone that maintains the queen's dominance in the colony. the main component, 9-oda, acts as a releaser pheromone by attracting workers to the queen and as a primer pheromone by physiologically inhibiting worker ovary development; it also acts as a sex pheromone, attracting drones during mating flights. however, the extent to which social and sexual chemical messages are shared remains unresolved. by using a custom chemosensory-specific microarray and qpcr, we identified four candidate sex pheromone ors (amor10, -11, -18, and -170) from the honey bee genome based on their biased expression in drone antennae. we assayed the pheromone responsiveness of these receptors by using xenopus oocytes and electrophysiology. amor11 responded specifically to 9-oda (ec50 = 280 \u00b1 31 nm) and not to any of the other seven qrp components, other social pheromones, or floral odors. we did not observe any responses of the other three ors to any of the eight qrp pheromone components, suggesting 9-oda is the only qrp component that also acts as a long-distance sex pheromone.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/104/36/14383.full.pdf", "petalID": 373, "doi": "10.1002/ECY.2008", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "manage_populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.2008", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "myrmecophyte", "herbivore", "nectar", "acacia", "symbiosis", "plant defense against herbivory", "ecology", "ant", "biology"], "species": ["apis", "bee", "honey bees", "honey bee", "apis mellifera", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011627906976744, 0.034883720930232, 0.011627906976744, 0.034883720930232, 0.011627906976744, 0.011627906976744], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304]}, {"paper": "W2042597575", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V188605413"], "venue_names": ["Carbon"], "author_ids": ["A2498210342", "A2110607778", "A2434864553", "A2240893181", "A2125902438", "A2168683900"], "author_names": ["Qibin Zhao", "Tongxiang Fan", "Jian Ding", "Di Zhang", "Qixin Guo", "Masao Kamada"], "reference_ids": ["W2086514756", "W2168927618", "W2032916732", "W2083926174", "W2025659062", "W2040993152", "W1657884210", "W2235679284", "W2128049635", "W2142063750", "W2132436820", "W2094393199", "W1966286243", "W2228283722", "W1973566553", "W1968176106", "W2020853784", "W2057761231", "W1970320967", "W2152127048", "W2108813868", "W2566799545", "W2045822093", "W1970422532", "W2155119934", "W3125506358", "W2056365975", "W1992902526", "W2102680086", "W2131038767", "W2060807102", "W2163906245"], "title": "Super black and ultrathin amorphous carbon film inspired by anti-reflection architecture in butterfly wing", "abstract": "abstract an ultrathin and super black amorphous carbon (a-c) film has been fabricated by borrowing the inverse v-type anti-reflection nano-architecture from the black wings of butterfly ornithoptera goliath through vacuum sintering process. the biomimetic a-c film shows good optical absorption (99%) at low reflectance (", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 374, "doi": "10.1007/BF02861079", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02861079", "mag_terms": ["anemophily", "population", "pollen", "aerodynamics", "atmospheric sciences", "ecology", "biology", "airflow patterns", "field data", "floral biology", "low density"], "species": ["ornithoptera", "ornithoptera goliath"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0625, 0.0625], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2082189637", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Medical and Veterinary Entomology"], "author_ids": ["A1690847948", "A2169251795"], "author_names": ["Thomas Eisner", "Stephen Nowicki"], "reference_ids": ["W2081277823", "W1988005261", "W2083690674", "W1970411021", "W2530999127", "W2321307880", "W2171642446"], "title": "Spider web protection through visual advertisement: role of the stabilimentum.", "abstract": "the conspicuous white silken adornments known as stabilimenta, which are commonly found in the orb webs of some spiders, appear to be protective devices that warn birds of the presence of webs in their flight path. webs endowed with artificial equivalents of stabilimenta tended to survive intact the early morning period when birds are on the wing; unmarked webs showed a high incidence of destruction.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 375, "doi": "10.1111/J.1365-2915.2007.00682.X", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00682.x", "mag_terms": ["amblyomma americanum", "defensin", "ixodes scapularis", "dermacentor variabilis", "ixodidae", "amblyomma", "tick", "acari", "microbiology", "virology", "biology"], "species": ["bird", "birds", "spiders"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.1, 0.1, 0.05], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2090902798", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Mycorrhiza", "Annals of Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2715345378", "A2648956075"], "author_names": ["H. E. Hinton", "G. M. Jarman"], "reference_ids": ["W2073060380", "W2019271988", "W2326696228"], "title": "Physiological Colour Change in the Hercules Beetle", "abstract": "the hercules beetle, dynastes hercules l., can change the colour of its elytra\u2014horny fore-wings\u2014from black to greenish yellow and back again to black all within a few minutes. it does this in a way previously unknown among insects. apart from the reversible migrations of pigment granules in the iris cells, physiological or rapidly reversible colour changes are very rare in insects1\u20134. among beetles, coptocyclia5, aspidomorpha, and many other cassidinae can change the colour of their elytra by varying the amount of water in the cuticle and thereby the thickness of the thin films responsible for the interference colours.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 376, "doi": "10.1093/AOB/MCP251", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_chemicals", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/104/7/1263/165667", "mag_terms": ["arbuscular mycorrhiza", "symbiosis", "abscisic acid", "nitrogen fixation", "photosynthetic efficiency", "salinity", "soil microbiology", "nutrient", "botany", "agronomy", "biology"], "species": ["insects", "beetles", "aspidomorpha", "cassidinae", "dynastes", "dynastes hercules"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.074074074074074, 0.037037037037037, 0.037037037037037, 0.037037037037037, 0.037037037037037, 0.037037037037037], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2250254803", "mesh_terms": ["Action Potentials", "Cyclopentanes", "Droseraceae", "Oxylipins", "Signal Transduction", "Sodium", "Animals", "Cyclopentanes", "Droseraceae", "Food Chain", "Insecta", "Oxylipins", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Leaves", "Sodium"], "venue_ids": ["V128425624"], "venue_names": ["Current Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Limnology and Oceanography", "The Biological Bulletin"], "author_ids": ["A2110188937", "A1988231676", "A2051743563", "A2010409302", "A2244256913", "A2643697797", "A2568863123", "A123990697", "A2244183368", "A2127950887", "A109441512", "A1188575528", "A1377065571", "A3214007399", "A1591872578"], "author_names": ["Jennifer B\u00f6hm", "S\u00f6nke Scherzer", "Elzbieta Krol", "Ines Kreuzer", "Katharina von Meyer", "Christian Lorey", "Thomas D. Mueller", "Lana Shabala", "Isabel Monte", "Roberto Solano", "Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid", "Heinz Rennenberg", "Sergey Shabala", "Erwin Neher", "Rainer Hedrich"], "reference_ids": ["W2040621005", "W1968629467", "W1980847854", "W2089143816", "W1983664860", "W2129025129", "W2058035376", "W1964719184", "W2021142155", "W2142873652", "W2007573099", "W2145416677", "W2016394885", "W2170276146", "W1987603280", "W2116309094", "W2083491710", "W2137432792", "W2261070083", "W2161645265", "W1934696502", "W1997248636", "W2060942858", "W2091922775", "W2172152645", "W1969407984", "W2011468173", "W2118278450", "W2134271580", "W2109703362", "W2067648262", "W2129568746", "W2155451651", "W2164221723", "W2003027849", "W2169963499", "W2052698203", "W2106542800", "W3144832281", "W1981451322", "W1991773625", "W2013975229", "W2075402132", "W2050018481", "W1602477484", "W2008176269", "W2108418392", "W1996002552", "W2058775503", "W2089831198", "W2133661929", "W2135271002", "W2137923324", "W2140812884", "W2046453335", "W2075536231", "W2155295110", "W2110396381", "W2125568376", "W2161830123", "W2170302056", "W2023834903", "W2036085963", "W2086997145", "W2111778052", "W2153089149", "W2162036116", "W1981929661", "W2166108635", "W2093263562", "W2336016054"], "title": "The Venus Flytrap Dionaea muscipula Counts Prey-Induced Action Potentials to Induce Sodium Uptake.", "abstract": "carnivorous plants, such as the venus flytrap (dionaea muscipula), depend on an animal diet when grown in nutrient-poor soils. when an insect visits the trap and tilts the mechanosensors on the inner surface, action potentials (aps) are fired. after a moving object elicits two aps, the trap snaps shut, encaging the victim. panicking preys repeatedly touch the trigger hairs over the subsequent hours, leading to a hermetically closed trap, which via the gland-based endocrine system is flooded by a prey-decomposing acidic enzyme cocktail. here, we asked the question as to how many times trigger hairs have to be stimulated (e.g., now many aps are required) for the flytrap to recognize an encaged object as potential food, thus making it worthwhile activating the glands. by applying a series of trigger-hair stimulations, we found that the touch hormone jasmonic acid (ja) signaling pathway is activated after the second stimulus, while more than three aps are required to trigger an expression of genes encoding prey-degrading hydrolases, and that this expression is proportional to the number of mechanical stimulations. a decomposing animal contains a sodium load, and we have found that these sodium ions enter the capture organ via glands. we identified a flytrap sodium channel dmhkt1 as responsible for this sodium acquisition, with the number of transcripts expressed being dependent on the number of mechano-electric stimulations. hence, the number of aps a victim triggers while trying to break out of the trap identifies the moving prey as a struggling na(+)-rich animal and nutrition for the plant.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0960982215015018/pdf", "petalID": 377, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.194.1.263", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "attach", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "individual_benefit", "attach_temporarily"], "level3": ["distribute_solids", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/194/1/263.short", "mag_terms": ["gamete", "colobocentrotus atratus", "sea urchin", "echinometra mathaei", "biological dispersal", "viscosity", "human fertilization", "zoology", "ecology", "biology", "tripneustes gratilla"], "species": ["dionaea muscipula", "plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.012987012987012], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2047545770", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V126796143"], "venue_names": ["Apidologie", "PLOS ONE", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics"], "author_ids": ["A2777493247", "A200958299", "A2506609996"], "author_names": ["W. T. Wcislo", "Robert L. Minckley", "H.C. Spangler"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "Pre-copulatory courtship behavior in a solitary bee, Nomia triangulifera Vachal (Hymenoptera : Halictidae)", "abstract": "comportement de cour precopulatoire chez une abeille solitaire, nomia triangulifera vachal (hymenoptera, halictidae). l'abeille terricole, nomia triangulifera, presente un comportement de cour complexe avant et pendant l'accouplement. le comportement d'accouplement a ete etudie sur de grosses aggregations dans une ferme du nord-est du kansas, ou les abeilles nidifient depuis de nombreuses annees. en 1989 et 1990, on a capture des abeilles qui emergeaient afin de determiner la phenologie de l'emergence et d'estimer le sex-ratio journalier d'accouplement (nombre de males presents/nombre de femelles receptives)", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.apidologie.org/articles/apido/pdf/1992/05/Apidologie_0044-8435_1992_23_5_ART0005.pdf", "petalID": 378, "doi": "10.1016/J.ANBEHAV.2015.09.019", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["active_movement", "group_benefit", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347215003504?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["aptenodytes", "emperor", "ecology", "biology", "cooperative strategy", "energy expenditure", "environmental temperature"], "species": ["ou", "hymenoptera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.162162162162162, 0.027027027027027], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.16666666666666602]}, + {"paper": "W2047545770", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V126796143"], "venue_names": ["Apidologie", "PLOS ONE", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics"], "author_ids": ["A2777493247", "A200958299", "A2506609996"], "author_names": ["W. T. Wcislo", "Robert L. Minckley", "H.C. Spangler"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "Pre-copulatory courtship behavior in a solitary bee, Nomia triangulifera Vachal (Hymenoptera : Halictidae)", "abstract": "comportement de cour precopulatoire chez une abeille solitaire, nomia triangulifera vachal (hymenoptera, halictidae). l'abeille terricole, nomia triangulifera, presente un comportement de cour complexe avant et pendant l'accouplement. le comportement d'accouplement a ete etudie sur de grosses aggregations dans une ferme du nord-est du kansas, ou les abeilles nidifient depuis de nombreuses annees. en 1989 et 1990, on a capture des abeilles qui emergeaient afin de determiner la phenologie de l'emergence et d'estimer le sex-ratio journalier d'accouplement (nombre de males presents/nombre de femelles receptives)", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.apidologie.org/articles/apido/pdf/1992/05/Apidologie_0044-8435_1992_23_5_ART0005.pdf", "petalID": 378, "doi": "10.1016/J.ANBEHAV.2015.09.019", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "active_movement", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347215003504?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["aptenodytes", "emperor", "ecology", "biology", "cooperative strategy", "energy expenditure", "environmental temperature"], "species": ["ou", "hymenoptera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.162162162162162, 0.027027027027027], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.16666666666666602]}, {"paper": "W2152332625", "mesh_terms": ["Biopolymers", "Models, Theoretical", "Predatory Behavior", "Silk", "Spiders", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Biopolymers", "Biopolymers", "Phylogeny", "Predatory Behavior", "Silk", "Silk", "Spiders", "Spiders"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter", "Langmuir"], "author_ids": ["A137432378", "A2155977079"], "author_names": ["Brent D. Opell", "Mary L. Hendricks"], "reference_ids": ["W1996458817", "W2106570021", "W54887114", "W2152910720", "W1989919438", "W2132543781", "W2330616108", "W1512224458", "W1987048516", "W2141314660", "W2611511275", "W2136506788", "W1870920051", "W1992516996", "W2097123977", "W2027985597", "W2099706338", "W2019919640", "W2073354582", "W2118614594", "W2321860721", "W1977867150", "W2042574619", "W2088100337", "W2097288397", "W2126334806", "W2107582844", "W2111234829", "W2169045297", "W2038973528", "W2160111243", "W1998141686", "W2093591338", "W2159840056", "W2058565273", "W2022094862", "W2161826643", "W2179123567", "W2091227091", "W2076965629", "W2135018650", "W2037349145", "W2132668802", "W2143329624", "W621608588", "W2149235741", "W34580196", "W2075577640", "W2171065972", "W2768297640", "W2107669315", "W2127806605"], "title": "Adhesive recruitment by the viscous capture threads of araneoid orb-weaving spiders", "abstract": "the sticky prey capture threads of orb-webs are critical to web performance. by retaining insects that strike the web, these spirally arrayed threads allow a spider time to locate and subdue prey. the viscous capture threads spun by modern orb-weaving spiders of the araneoidea clade replaced the dry, fuzzy cribellar capture threads of the deinopoidea and feature regularly spaced moist, adhesive droplets. the stickiness of a cribellar thread is limited by its tendency to peel from a surface after the adhesion generated at the edges of contact is exceeded. in this study we test the hypothesis that viscous thread overcomes this limitation by implementing a suspension bridge mechanism (sbm) that recruits the adhesion of multiple thread droplets. we do so by using contact plates of four widths to measure the stickiness of six species' viscous threads whose profiles range from small, closely spaced droplets to large, widely spaced droplets. the increased stickiness registered by an increased number of thread droplets supports the operation of a sbm. however, the accompanying decrease in mean per droplet adhesion shows that droplets interior to the edges of thread contact contribute successively less adhesion. models developed from these data suggest that the suspension bridge mechanism is limited to a span of approximately 12 droplets.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/210/4/553.full.pdf", "petalID": 379, "doi": "10.1088/0953-8984/17/9/021", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/17/9/021", "mag_terms": ["wetting", "contact angle", "elastomer", "layer", "silicone", "polymerization", "yield", "radical polymerization", "composite material", "materials science", "polymer chemistry"], "species": ["insects", "spiders"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014925373134328, 0.014925373134328], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1967394339", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V200794352"], "venue_names": ["Oikos", "Animal Behaviour", "Waterbirds", "Journal of Avian Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World"], "author_ids": ["A304210380", "A2122842337", "A2123843017", "A2048378001"], "author_names": ["Sarah Al-Beidh", "Derek W. Dunn", "Sally A. Power", "James M. Cook"], "reference_ids": ["W2079801204", "W2535721997", "W1996186184", "W2009767125", "W2235306416", "W1999344054", "W1560556233", "W2026392738", "W2118058822", "W2067177347", "W2022702551", "W2141240652", "W2160972734", "W1986876977", "W2006592941", "W2044446335", "W2113169608", "W2154368247", "W2026631869", "W2165983047", "W2018797309", "W2124337033", "W2165645553", "W2333020947", "W2023453180", "W1979432293", "W2243846952", "W1994916606", "W2017715828", "W2103434908", "W2241976823", "W2050122469", "W1584833792", "W2027337235", "W2068244645", "W2080176501", "W2107287049", "W1519719571", "W1969969426", "W2087674297", "W2111076743", "W1733399834", "W2064902467", "W2084615305", "W2153698084", "W1915482485", "W2084774835", "W2131716982", "W2114675228", "W2326808605", "W2139443158", "W1964827057", "W2112100718", "W1989480051"], "title": "Parasites and mutualism function: measuring enemy-free space in a fig\u2013pollinator symbiosis", "abstract": "mutualisms involve cooperation between species and underpin several ecosystem functions. however, there is also conflict between mutualists, because their interests are not perfectly aligned. in addition, most mutualisms are exploited by parasites. here, we study the interplay between cooperation, conflict and parasitism in the mutualism between fig trees and their pollinator wasps. conflict occurs because each fig ovary can nurture either one seed or one pollinator offspring and, while fig trees benefit directly from seeds and pollinator offspring (pollen vectors), pollinators only benefit directly from pollinator offspring. the mechanism(s) of conflict resolution is debated, but must explain the widespread observation that pollinators develop in inner, and seeds in outer, layers of fig flowers. we recently suggested a role for non-pollinating figs wasps (npfws) that are natural enemies or competitors of the pollinators and lay their eggs through the fig wall. most npfw offspring develop in outer and middle layer flowers, suggesting that inner flowers provide enemy-free space for pollinator offspring. here, we test the hypothesis that npfws cannot reach inner flowers, by measuring wasp and fig morphology at the species-specific times of npfw attack in the field. we found that three species of sycoscapter and philotrypesis wasps that parasitise pollinators could reach 34\u201373%, 75\u201392% and 82\u201397% of fig ovaries, respectively. meanwhile, eukobelea and pseudidarnes gall-formers, despite having shorter ovipositors, can access almost all fig flowers (93\u201399% and 100%), because they attack smaller (younger) fig fruits. our mechanistic results from ovipositing wasps support spatial patterns of wasp offspring segregation within figs to suggest that inner ovules provide enemy-free-space for pollinators. this may contribute to mutualism stability by helping select for pollinators to avoid laying eggs where they are likely to be parasitised. these outer flowers then remain free to develop as seeds, promoting mutualism persistence.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 380, "doi": "10.1111/J.0908-8857.2008.04299.X", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "active_movement"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04299.x", "mag_terms": ["spoonbill", "threskiornithidae", "predation", "nekton", "captivity", "fishery", "ecology", "biology", "genus platalea", "suction force", "water depth"], "species": ["fig trees", "pseudidarnes", "wasps", "figs"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009523809523809, 0.009523809523809, 0.028571428571428, 0.019047619047619], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.6666666666666661]}, {"paper": "W2034103130", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V122176235"], "venue_names": ["The American Naturalist", "PLOS ONE", "Dryland Climatology", "Science", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A1983244913"], "author_names": ["Alex C\u00f3rdoba-Aguilar"], "reference_ids": ["W1995309565", "W2155341948", "W2998577491", "W2082612019", "W2044943415", "W2038502099", "W2028232788", "W3015638326", "W1605862216", "W2047173325", "W2054963542", "W2078255812", "W2063433658", "W134210065", "W2055014072", "W2093228741", "W2020217688", "W2044790612", "W2122612394", "W2052579845", "W302994598", "W1976710476", "W2131256426", "W2082341922", "W1501042241"], "title": "Sensory Trap as the Mechanism of Sexual Selection in a Damselfly Genitalic Trait (Insecta: Calopterygidae)", "abstract": "abstract: during copulation, males of some calopterygid damselfly species displace the sperm stored in the spermatheca: the male genital appendages enter into the spermathecal ducts and physically remove sperm. in calopteryx haemorrhoidalis, the genital appendages are too wide to penetrate the spermathecae, but males use a different mechanism in which the aedeagus stimulates the vaginal sensilla that control spermathecal sperm release. since these sensilla are used during egg fertilization and oviposition, it was hypothesized that this function evolved before the male stimulatory ability. i investigated this using hetaerina cruentata, a species whose position in the calopterygidae phylogeny is more basal than calopteryx. given this position and having determined that males of this species are not able to displace sperm of their conspecific females during copulation, it was expected that h. cruentata females would eject sperm when stimulated with the aedeagi of c. haemorrhoidalis but not when stimulated wi...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 381, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0152325", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify/convert_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats", "sense_signals/environmental_cues", "modify/convert_thermal_energy"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "sense_light_in_the_non-visible_spectrum", "sense_light_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152325", "mag_terms": ["specular reflection", "reflection", "total internal reflection", "attenuated total reflection", "emissivity", "visible spectrum", "sunlight", "thermal", "optics", "mineralogy", "materials science"], "species": ["calopteryx haemorrhoidalis", "hetaerina cruentata", "calopterygidae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.02127659574468, 0.02127659574468, 0.02127659574468], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ {"paper": "W2157428533", "mesh_terms": ["Extremities", "Hydrozoa", "Locomotion", "Models, Theoretical", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biophysics", "Extremities", "Hydrozoa", "Locomotion"], "venue_ids": ["V129150467"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "The Design in Nature", "American Naturalist"], "author_ids": ["A2572010798", "A2096101136"], "author_names": ["Gil Iosilevskii", "Daniel Weihs"], "reference_ids": ["W1972992904", "W1566179750", "W1503147858", "W2472122123", "W2166631380", "W2134066908", "W3209569680", "W2157398087", "W2461992506"], "title": "Hydrodynamics of sailing of the Portuguese man-of-war Physalia physalis.", "abstract": "physalia physalis, commonly known as the portuguese man-of-war (pmw), is a peculiar looking colony of specialized polyps. the most conspicuous members of this colony are the gas-filled sail-like float and the long tentacles, budding asymmetrically beneath the float. this study addresses the sailing of the pmw, and, in particular, the hydrodynamics of its trailing tentacles, the interaction between the tentacles and the float and the actual sailing performance. this paper attempts to provide answers for two of the many open questions concerning p. physalis: why does it need a sail? and how does it harness the sail?", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2696138?pdf=render", "petalID": 392, "doi": "10.1086/342819", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "individual_benefit", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/342819?mobileUi=0", "mag_terms": ["sperm displacement", "calopteryx haemorrhoidalis", "spermatheca", "aedeagus", "calopterygidae", "sperm", "damselfly", "sexual selection", "zoology", "biology", "anatomy"], "species": ["physalia physalis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.04], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2490401601", "mesh_terms": ["Biophysical Phenomena", "Animals", "Energy Metabolism", "Fungi", "Fungi", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "Predatory Behavior"], "venue_ids": ["V202381698"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS ONE", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2254495704", "A2538505097", "A280987401", "A2119595976", "A1880543860", "A2141212529"], "author_names": ["Aim\u00e9e Sakes", "Marleen van der Wiel", "Paul W. J. Henselmans", "Johan L. van Leeuwen", "Dimitra Dodou", "Paul Breedveld"], "reference_ids": ["W1608030567", "W2091054093", "W2112043508", "W2133531061", "W2022928314", "W2051302904", "W2097526890", "W2106852191", "W2208636850", "W1551713238", "W2043334561", "W2049730731", "W2052023461", "W2072529314", "W2130036419", "W37872590", "W2003292164", "W2086752778", "W2130264255", "W3013841748", "W1986217023", "W2016528959", "W2019206061", "W2060304167", "W2087166613", "W2135081582", "W2062440886", "W2126758443", "W2158255386", "W2323692678", "W1741317505", "W1886709382", "W2025794341", "W2101092068", "W2102382994", "W2144680571", "W2013460654", "W2017138690", "W2104371114", "W2137623667", "W2159564038", "W2909536932", "W1970690270", "W2154714484", "W1974206552", "W2014306208", "W2039503492", "W1512460603", "W1974035814", "W2025178218", "W2042131369", "W2051313172", "W2124680756", "W2185940494", "W2137826794", "W2162066578", "W2277531072", "W2333440990", "W1970526898", "W2005899194", "W2046635134", "W2111586501", "W2133483347", "W3020606686", "W2079802047", "W2157282227", "W2253313984", "W3134051052", "W376660672", "W1584591141", "W2044055671", "W2123391259", "W2158120837", "W2169670258", "W2410118284", "W1828952991", "W2042936148", "W2043505178", "W2100506740", "W2113810295", "W2162011332", "W2008501970", "W2172247938", "W2324801652", "W1493600901", "W1907098726", "W1984173953", "W1989778658", "W2113380170", "W2122908958", "W2139851473", "W2148153888", "W2168298573", "W2137347347", "W2176945487", "W2335817283", "W1693423341", "W1906265758", "W1972660644", "W2550321150", "W2051704411", "W2054498170", "W1981040133", "W2002522480", "W2084136049", "W2090580128", "W2107503036", "W2124349463", "W1994046982", "W1969887716", "W2150608644", "W1955308476", "W1966426474", "W2166815523", "W1522948845", "W2001048465", "W2033374926", "W2054212343", "W2107596199", "W2160812815", "W2093469518", "W1573211148", "W1997070607", "W2098257449", "W2151030420", "W1529320918", "W1980895422", "W1999426918", "W2000297624", "W2031684332", "W2106876479", "W2116009738", "W2118944841", "W2142599444", "W2152196774", "W1985472924", "W2029564388", "W2061193694", "W2117864334", "W2462019119", "W1994956594", "W1996047552", "W2019175678", "W2046191576", "W2076062893", "W2156182510", "W2542461958", "W1986626816", "W2018225946", "W2048342298", "W2066609033", "W2141425027"], "title": "Shooting Mechanisms in Nature: A Systematic Review.", "abstract": "background in nature, shooting mechanisms are used for a variety of purposes, including prey capture, defense, and reproduction. this review offers insight into the working principles of shooting mechanisms in fungi, plants, and animals in the light of the specific functional demands that these mechanisms fulfill. discussion and conclusions the magnitude of accelerations involved in shooting is generally scale-dependent with the smaller the systems, discharging the microscale projectiles, generating the highest accelerations. the mass-specific power output is also scale dependent, with smaller mechanisms being able to release the energy for shooting faster than larger mechanisms, whereas the mass-specific work delivered by the shooting mechanism is mostly independent of the scale of the shooting mechanism. higher mass-specific work-values are observed in osmosis-powered shooting mechanisms (\u2264 4,137 j/kg) when compared to muscle-powered mechanisms (\u2264 1,269 j/kg). the achieved launch parameters acceleration, velocity, and distance, as well as the associated delivered power output and work, thus depend on the working principle and scale of the shooting mechanism.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0158277&type=printable", "petalID": 393, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.159.1.165", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["change_size/shape", "active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/159/1/165", "mag_terms": ["body movement", "kinematics", "biomechanics", "linkage", "mechanism", "anatomy", "teleostei", "biology", "cranial anatomy", "epibulus insidiator"], "species": ["morus", "scopus", "odontodactylus scyllarus", "cnidarians", "basidiomycota", "plants", "ascomycota", "tetraberlinia moreliana", "morus alba"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0057142857142850004, 0.0057142857142850004, 0.0, 0.017142857142857, 0.022857142857142, 0.028571428571428, 0.0057142857142850004, 0.0057142857142850004, 0.0057142857142850004], "relative_relevancy": [0.2, 0.2, 0.0, 0.6000000000000001, 0.8, 1.0, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2]}, {"paper": "W1965042933", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V69822372"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology", "Physical Review E"], "author_ids": ["A2133431614", "A40891565"], "author_names": ["Gadi Katzir", "Nathan Intrator"], "reference_ids": ["W2321991960", "W654738365", "W2045146021", "W2098452530", "W2938463896", "W2788900076", "W2111431134", "W1985952760", "W2313049869", "W1977287512", "W2092064655", "W572845361", "W2081286178", "W2018048272", "W1967927724", "W2000522661", "W2022650204", "W2025690675"], "title": "Striking of underwater prey by a reef heron,Egretta gularis schistacea", "abstract": "the ability of a piscivorous bird, the western reef heron,egretta gularis schistacea, to cope with light refraction at the air/water interface was investigated. the heron's capture rate of small stationary underwater prey from a variety of angles was high, indicating an ability to correct for refraction. two distinct phases were described during head movement: i) \u2018pre-strike\u2019 (mean path angle 60\u00b0 to the vertical, mean velocity 52 cm/s). ii) \u2018strike\u2019 (mean path angle 33\u00b0, mean velocity 270 cm/s). when prey was unsubmerged the two phases were less distinct (\u2018pre-strike\u2019 47\u00b0, 62 cm/s; \u2018strike\u2019 42\u00b0, 154 cm/s). the point of change between phases (str) was assumed to be the point at which corrections for refraction were performed. calculated disparities between real and apparent prey positions at str may reach 10 cm. at str, highly significant correlations were found between i) the heron's eye height above the water, and prey depth, ii) the apparent prey depth and real prey depth. a model is presented to explain the heron's manner of correcting for light refraction.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 394, "doi": "10.1103/PHYSREVE.78.051902", "level1": ["modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["change_structural_color"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19113150", "mag_terms": ["iridescence", "megascolia procer", "opacity", "hymenoptera", "wing", "optics", "materials science", "homogeneous", "physiological optics", "reflection spectroscopy"], "species": ["bird"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014492753623188002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2071375100", "mesh_terms": ["Campanulaceae", "Ecosystem", "Hemiptera", "Trees", "Animals", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Biomass", "Campanulaceae", "Campanulaceae", "Fatty Acids", "Fatty Acids", "Fungi", "Fungi", "Hemiptera", "Hemiptera", "Life Cycle Stages", "Nitrates", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Seeds", "Seeds", "Soil", "Soil", "Soil Microbiology", "Time Factors", "Trees", "United States"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2117867810"], "author_names": ["Louie H. Yang"], "reference_ids": ["W2117143436", "W2256868150", "W233374371", "W2139610873", "W2044776723", "W2316547072", "W2270644206", "W2176606842", "W2130172508", "W2332748074", "W1974564370", "W2010136581", "W1973199530", "W2018523508", "W2102225587", "W2119598868", "W2108314711", "W2170668223", "W2172959226", "W2326894376", "W2313655221", "W2025369691", "W2037155042", "W2179238204", "W2012883903", "W2327861502", "W2080200478", "W2171772495", "W2318577269", "W2105258092", "W2057339488", "W2170784262", "W2160047429"], "title": "Periodical cicadas as resource pulses in North American forests.", "abstract": "resource pulses are occasional events of ephemeral resource superabundance that occur in many ecosystems. aboveground consumers in diverse communities often respond strongly to resource pulses, but few studies have investigated the belowground consequences of resource pulses in natural ecosystems. this study shows that resource pulses of 17-year periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) directly increase microbial biomass and nitrogen availability in forest soils, with indirect effects on growth and reproduction in forest plants. these findings suggest that pulses of periodical cicadas create bottom-up cascades, resulting in strong and reciprocal links between the aboveground and belowground components of a north american forest ecosystem.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 395, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0020260", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["active_movement", "group_benefit", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0020260", "mag_terms": ["aptenodytes", "emperor", "jamming", "astrobiology", "ecology", "physics", "sufficient time", "traveling wave"], "species": ["plants", "periodical cicadas", "cicadas", "cicada"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.025641025641025002, 0.0, 0.051282051282051, 0.051282051282051], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2071375100", "mesh_terms": ["Campanulaceae", "Ecosystem", "Hemiptera", "Trees", "Animals", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Biomass", "Campanulaceae", "Campanulaceae", "Fatty Acids", "Fatty Acids", "Fungi", "Fungi", "Hemiptera", "Hemiptera", "Life Cycle Stages", "Nitrates", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Seeds", "Seeds", "Soil", "Soil", "Soil Microbiology", "Time Factors", "Trees", "United States"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2117867810"], "author_names": ["Louie H. Yang"], "reference_ids": ["W2117143436", "W2256868150", "W233374371", "W2139610873", "W2044776723", "W2316547072", "W2270644206", "W2176606842", "W2130172508", "W2332748074", "W1974564370", "W2010136581", "W1973199530", "W2018523508", "W2102225587", "W2119598868", "W2108314711", "W2170668223", "W2172959226", "W2326894376", "W2313655221", "W2025369691", "W2037155042", "W2179238204", "W2012883903", "W2327861502", "W2080200478", "W2171772495", "W2318577269", "W2105258092", "W2057339488", "W2170784262", "W2160047429"], "title": "Periodical cicadas as resource pulses in North American forests.", "abstract": "resource pulses are occasional events of ephemeral resource superabundance that occur in many ecosystems. aboveground consumers in diverse communities often respond strongly to resource pulses, but few studies have investigated the belowground consequences of resource pulses in natural ecosystems. this study shows that resource pulses of 17-year periodical cicadas (magicicada spp.) directly increase microbial biomass and nitrogen availability in forest soils, with indirect effects on growth and reproduction in forest plants. these findings suggest that pulses of periodical cicadas create bottom-up cascades, resulting in strong and reciprocal links between the aboveground and belowground components of a north american forest ecosystem.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 395, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0020260", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "active_movement", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0020260", "mag_terms": ["aptenodytes", "emperor", "jamming", "astrobiology", "ecology", "physics", "sufficient time", "traveling wave"], "species": ["plants", "periodical cicadas", "cicadas", "cicada"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.025641025641025002, 0.0, 0.051282051282051, 0.051282051282051], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2322784147", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V116826539"], "venue_names": ["JOM", "Biology Letters", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A2698082466", "A2670136456"], "author_names": ["Steve Gunderson", "Rebecca Schiavone"], "reference_ids": ["W1982871908", "W2077698919", "W2071670046"], "title": "The insect exoskeleton: A natural structural composite", "abstract": "through untold centuries of evolutionary development, the insect exoskeleton has become a highly optimized structure suited to a variety of demanding duties. microscopic examination of the bessbeetle cuticle indicates that it is a composite consisting of layered plies having fiber orientations that alternate in a dual helicoidal pattern. further, the geometry and size of the reinforcing fibers varies with the position of the ply. several interesting structures discovered in the insect exoskeleton may provide fodder for new ideas on composite joining, ply orientation and fiber size and geometry.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 396, "doi": "10.1098/RSBL.2004.0289", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["send_signals", "change_chemical_color/pigmentation"], "level3": ["change_structural_color", "send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2004.0289", "mag_terms": ["plumage", "feather", "carotenoid", "evolutionary biology", "botany", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W1579704948", "mesh_terms": ["Artificial Organs", "Biomimetic Materials", "Electrodes", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Nanotubes, Carbon", "Alloys", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biomimetics", "Bionics", "Electric Power Supplies", "Electrochemistry", "Hot Temperature", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Nickel", "Robotics", "Titanium"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Physics of Fluids", "Integrative and Comparative Biology", "Journal of Morphology"], "author_ids": ["A2138853693"], "author_names": ["John D. W. Madden"], "reference_ids": ["W2101058978", "W2119715237", "W2125792150"], "title": "Artificial Muscle Begins to Breathe", "abstract": "in robots, the power source is usually distant from the actual moving parts, which can be inefficient. one solution is to provide power locally, as in real muscles, by incorporating fuel cell technology directly into artificial muscles.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 397, "doi": "10.1063/1.1688341", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement", "passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1688341", "mag_terms": ["humpback whale", "baleen", "flipper", "stall", "leading edge", "fishery", "acoustics", "physics"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2080536248", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V117082959"], "venue_names": ["Energy and Environmental Science", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Anatomy"], "author_ids": ["A2356398473", "A2120045353", "A2033859298"], "author_names": ["Alexander V. Ruban", "Matthew P. Johnson", "Christopher D. P. Duffy"], "reference_ids": ["W2155470545", "W1531102271", "W2075743801", "W2128873828", "W2124824652", "W2031482332", "W2116928722", "W2168984531", "W2095445888", "W2110985547", "W103214154", "W2014911581", "W2168278332", "W2116505677", "W2151994158", "W1996612213", "W2104297123", "W1636411849", "W1967846805", "W2023972714", "W2082031245", "W2094517427", "W2119817169", "W2081225373", "W2169299131", "W2038812840", "W2091608761", "W2132527497", "W2062266446", "W2097683810", "W2034874364", "W2081917419", "W2097909756", "W2110501405", "W2148136547", "W2008596135", "W2014722957", "W2048810541", "W2091994550", "W2147766323", "W2011343199", "W2025571335", "W2103390461"], "title": "Natural light harvesting: principles and environmental trends", "abstract": "light harvesting in photosynthetic organisms is largely an efficient process. the first steps of the light phase of photosynthesis, capture of light quanta and primary charge separation processes are particularly well-tuned. in plants, these primary events that take place within the photosystems possess remarkable quantum efficiency, reaching 80% and 100% in photosystems ii and i respectively. this paper presents a view on the organisation of a natural light harvesting machine\u2014the antenna of the photosystem ii of higher plants. it explains the key principles of biological antenna design and the strategies of adaptation to light environment which have evolved over millions of years. this article argues that the high efficiency of the light harvesting antenna and its control are intimately interconnected owing to the molecular design of the pigment\u2013proteins it is built of, enabling high pigment density combined with the long excited-state lifetime. the protein plays the role of a programmed solvent, accommodating high quantities of pigments, while ensuring their orientations and interaction yields are optimised to efficiently transfer energy to the reaction centres, simultaneously avoiding energy losses due to concentration quenching. the minor group of pigments, the xanthophylls, play a central role in the regulation of light harvesting, defining the antenna efficiency and thus its abilities to simultaneously provide energy to photosystem ii and protect itself from excess light damage. xanthophyll hydrophobicity was found to be a key factor controlling chlorophyll efficiency by modulating pigment\u2013pigment and pigment\u2013protein interactions. xanthophylls also endow the light harvesting antenna with the remarkable ability to memorise photosystem ii light exposure\u2014a light counter principle. indeed, this type of light harvesting regulation displays hysteretic behaviour, typically observed during electromagnetic induction of ferromagnetic materials, the polarization of ferroelectric materials and the deformation of semi-elastic materials. the photosynthetic antenna is thus a magnificent example of how nature utilises the principles of physics to achieve its goal\u2014extremely efficient, robust, autonomic and yet flexible light harvesting.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 398, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.02792", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/210/14/2548", "mag_terms": ["ankle", "kinematics", "displacement", "biomechanics", "motor control", "stride", "bipedalism", "valgus", "anatomy", "mathematics"], "species": ["plants", "higher plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.02127659574468, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, @@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ {"paper": "W2081861919", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V199296737"], "venue_names": ["Bird Study", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "Iheringia, S\u221a\u00a9rie Zoologia"], "author_ids": ["A1980135623"], "author_names": ["Peter Corkhill"], "reference_ids": ["W2022568524", "W2747813166", "W1968027535", "W2031479785"], "title": "Food and Feeding Ecology of Puffins", "abstract": "this study shows that although annual fluctuations occur in the main prey types of skomer puffins, food availability does not appear to limit breeding success. most birds found food close to the colony, showing peaks of activity early in the day and again in late afternoon; and two out of four experimental pairs were able to rear 'twins', though the growth-rates of these were less than for single chicks. some interesting observations are given on the feeding of the chick and on kleptoparasitism of adults by jackdaws and gulls.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 403, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2008.0457", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2008.0457", "mag_terms": ["physalia", "float", "hydrozoa", "physalis", "portuguese", "fishery", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["gulls", "bird", "birds", "puffin", "jackdaw", "puffins"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.037037037037037, 0.037037037037037, 0.037037037037037, 0.037037037037037, 0.037037037037037, 0.037037037037037], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2086620837", "mesh_terms": ["Biomimetic Materials", "Sharks", "Skin", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biomimetic Materials", "Hydrodynamics", "Locomotion", "Male", "Sharks", "Silicon", "Silicon", "Skin", "Surface Properties", "Swimming", "Textiles", "Textiles"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2002324227", "A313239152"], "author_names": ["Johannes Oeffner", "George V. 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Adebusoye", "Matthew O. Ilori", "Olukayode O. Amund", "Olakunle D. Teniola", "S. O. Olatope"], "reference_ids": ["W2077607355", "W2087896703", "W2066752538", "W2084667016", "W2078983619", "W2005493168", "W648247892", "W2097466965", "W2122735494", "W1759261632", "W1993781435", "W2043507370", "W2083119773", "W1535986311", "W2623374304", "W1973234157", "W1563093505", "W1966073129", "W2150587368"], "title": "Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a polluted tropical stream", "abstract": "crude oil degradation was observed in water samples from three sites along the course of a polluted stream in lagos, nigeria. consistent increase and decrease in the total viable counts (tvcs) of indigenous organisms occurred in the test and control experiments, respectively. enrichments of the water samples with crude oil resulted in the isolation of nine bacteria belonging to seven genera. a mixed culture was developed from the assemblage of the nine species. the defined microbial consortium utilized a wide range of pure hcs including cycloalkane and aromatic hcs. utilization of crude oil and petroleum cuts, i.e., kerosene and diesel resulted in an increase in tvc (till day 10) concomitant with decreases in ph and residual oil concentration. crude oil, diesel and kerosene were degraded by 88, 85 and 78%, respectively, in 14\u00a0days. substrate uptake studies with axenic cultures showed that growth was not sustainable on either cyclohexane or aromatics while degradation of the petroleum fractions fell below 67% in spite of extended incubation period (20\u00a0day). from the gc analysis of recovered oil, while reductions in peaks of n-alkane fractions and in biomarkers namely n-c17/pristane and n-c18/phytane ratios were observed in culture fluids of pure strains, complete removal of all the hc components of kerosene, diesel and crude oil including the isoprenoids was obtained with the consortium within 14\u00a0days.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 405, "doi": "10.1007/BF00615085", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_light_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00615085?LI=true", "mag_terms": ["western reef heron", "heron", "refraction", "egretta", "predation", "reef", "underwater", "geodesy", "paleontology", "geology", "eye height"], "species": ["bacteria", "mixed culture"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012345679012345002, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, - {"paper": "W2142968916", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Physiological", "Biomimetic Materials", "Environment", "Models, Biological", "Pinus", "Seeds", "Water", "Water", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Biomimetic Materials", "Computer Simulation", "Pinus", "Seeds", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V129150467"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2704272957", "A2224647905"], "author_names": ["E. Reyssat", "Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan"], "reference_ids": ["W1675132674", "W2058046601", "W1995571108", "W2053447043", "W2016973026", "W2004788237", "W2048139926", "W2074886847", "W2012241126", "W2810698503", "W2012458690", "W2034799032", "W2036823187"], "title": "Hygromorphs: from pine cones to biomimetic bilayers", "abstract": "we consider natural and artificial hygromorphs, objects that respond to environmental humidity by changing their shape. using the pine cone as an example that opens when dried and closes when wet, we quantify the geometry, mechanics and dynamics of closure and opening at the cell, tissue and organ levels, building on our prior structural knowledge. a simple scaling theory allows us to quantify the hysteretic dynamics of opening and closing. we also show how simple bilayer hygromorphs of paper and polymer show similar behaviour that can be quantified via a theory which couples fluid transport in a porous medium and evaporative flux to mechanics and geometry. our work unifies varied observations of natural hygromorphs and suggests interesting biomimetic analogues, which we illustrate using an artificial flower with a controllable blooming and closing response.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2838359?pdf=render", "petalID": 406, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1103114", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "distribute_solids", "manage populations_or_habitats", "distribute_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/306/5701/1565", "mag_terms": ["periodical cicadas", "forest ecology", "ecosystem", "biomass", "resource", "ephemeral key", "ecology", "vegetation", "cicadomorpha", "biology"], "species": ["pine"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022727272727272003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2142968916", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Physiological", "Biomimetic Materials", "Environment", "Models, Biological", "Pinus", "Seeds", "Water", "Water", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Biomimetic Materials", "Computer Simulation", "Pinus", "Seeds", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V129150467"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2704272957", "A2224647905"], "author_names": ["E. Reyssat", "Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan"], "reference_ids": ["W1675132674", "W2058046601", "W1995571108", "W2053447043", "W2016973026", "W2004788237", "W2048139926", "W2074886847", "W2012241126", "W2810698503", "W2012458690", "W2034799032", "W2036823187"], "title": "Hygromorphs: from pine cones to biomimetic bilayers", "abstract": "we consider natural and artificial hygromorphs, objects that respond to environmental humidity by changing their shape. using the pine cone as an example that opens when dried and closes when wet, we quantify the geometry, mechanics and dynamics of closure and opening at the cell, tissue and organ levels, building on our prior structural knowledge. a simple scaling theory allows us to quantify the hysteretic dynamics of opening and closing. we also show how simple bilayer hygromorphs of paper and polymer show similar behaviour that can be quantified via a theory which couples fluid transport in a porous medium and evaporative flux to mechanics and geometry. our work unifies varied observations of natural hygromorphs and suggests interesting biomimetic analogues, which we illustrate using an artificial flower with a controllable blooming and closing response.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2838359?pdf=render", "petalID": 406, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1103114", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "distribute_solids", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "distribute_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/306/5701/1565", "mag_terms": ["periodical cicadas", "forest ecology", "ecosystem", "biomass", "resource", "ephemeral key", "ecology", "vegetation", "cicadomorpha", "biology"], "species": ["pine"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022727272727272003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2051927841", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V154343897"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS Biology", "Arthropod Structure & Development", "British Medical Bulletin", "Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (JOM)"], "author_ids": ["A2270248056"], "author_names": ["Emma Hill"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "The cyanophage molecular mixing bowl of photosynthesis genes.", "abstract": "among the wealth of microbial organisms inhabiting marine environments, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the most abundant photosynthetic cells. prochlorococcus and synechococcus, the two most common cyanobacteria, account for 30% of global carbon fixation (through the photosynthetic process in which sugars are manufactured from carbon dioxide and water). by drawing on natural resources, these microbes use photosystems (ps) i and ii (the two reaction centers in photosynthesis) to harness energy. \r\n\r\nintriguingly, some viruses that infect cyanobacteria (called cyanophage), carry genes that encode two psii core reaction-center proteins: psba (the most rapidly turned over core protein in all oxygen-yielding photosynthetic organisms) and psbd (which forms a complex with psba). by expressing their own copies of psba and psbd during infection, these cyanophages have managed to co-opt host genes to suit their own purposes: enhancing photosynthesis. it seems likely that they do this in the interests of their own fitness, since cyanophage production is optimal when photosynthesis is maintained during infection. \r\n\r\nuntil recently, only a small sample of cyanophages had been examined, leaving open the questions of how widespread psii genes are in these organisms and where the genes came from. to answer these questions, matthew sullivan, debbie lindell, sallie chisholm, and colleagues examined a pool of 33 cyanophage isolates (cultured from samples collected from the sargasso sea and the red sea), along with data already available for nine other cyanophages, for the presence of psba and psbd genes. they found psba was present in 88% and psbd in 50% of the cyanophages studied. by analyzing the sequences of these genes along with those from prochlorococcus and synechococcus host genes, they reconstructed the evolutionary history of how the psii genes entered the phage genomes. \r\n\r\ncyanophages are divided morphologically into three main families (podoviridae, myoviridae, and siphoviridae). looking at the distributions of the psii genes across the different families, sullivan, lindell, et al. saw that psba was present in all myoviruses and all prochlorococcus podoviruses, but not in prochlorococcus siphoviruses or synechococcus podoviruses. the high levels of sequence conservation between the different cyanophages suggest that this gene is probably functional and that it is likely to increase the reproductive fitness of the phage. the length of the latent period may impact the distribution pattern of psba among these phage groups. however, more information about the physiological characteristics of cyanophages is needed to further investigate these possibilities. \r\n\r\nthe second gene, psbd, was less prolific but was seen in four of the 20 prochlorococcus myoviruses and 17 of the 20 synechococcus myoviruses examined\u2014all of which also encoded psba. myoviruses are known to infect a wider range of cyanobacteria than the other cyanophage families. indeed, when investigated, the psbd-encoding myoviruses correlated with those known to have a broader host range. perhaps the co-opting of both psii genes ensures a functional psba\u2013psbd protein complex to enhance infection for these cyanophages that are able to infect a wider range of hosts. \r\n\r\nto determine when the psii genes had been transferred into the phage and from where, sullivan, lindell, et al. investigated the nucleotide sequences of psba and psbd from both prochlorococcus and synechococcus host and cyanophage. using meticulous sequence analyses and standard statistical methods, they generated phylogenetic trees to explain the evolutionary history of these two psii genes. \r\n\r\nby analyzing the clusters of sequence types within the resulting tree, the authors saw evidence that psba was transferred from the cyanobacteria host genome into the phage genome on four independent occasions and two separate occasions for psbd. exchange events were generally host-range specific, meaning that prochlorococcus genes transferred to prochlorococcus phages, and so on. however, a few intriguing exceptions, where genes did not cluster with their hosts, were observed; these might result from genetic exchange between members of two different phage families (one of broader host range) during co-infection of the same host. \r\n\r\nsullivan, lindell, et al. were also able to use their dataset to investigate a previous suggestion that alterations in the nucleotide distributions within individual psii genes (creating a kind of patchwork gene) demonstrate that intragenic recombination has taken place. indeed, they confirm that this occurs among synechococcus myoviruses and prochlorococcus podoviruses. in some cases involving synechococcus, intragenic recombination appears to have happened in both host-to-phage and phage-to-host directions for both genes; and, for some prochlorococcus genes, dna from an unknown source also seems to have been inserted. occasionally, intragenic exchanges are also seen between synechococcus hosts. \r\n\r\nthe authors compare their cultured results to those from wild phage sequences from the pacific ocean and see that much of the natural diversity is similar to the sequences from the cyanophage isolates, despite their origination from different ocean basins. overall, therefore, a considerable amount of genetic shuffling takes place within these two psii genes in cyanophages, and this creates a reservoir of photosynthetic diversity from which both host and phage are likely to benefit. this study offers a compelling example of global-scale microbial and phage co-evolution that likely influences the biological success of these prolific marine organisms.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040264&type=printable", "petalID": 407, "doi": "10.1007/BF03220386", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_loss_of_liquids", "protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF03220386", "mag_terms": ["exoskeleton", "composite number", "fiber", "composite material", "structural engineering", "insect", "materials science", "fiber size"], "species": ["cyanobacteria", "podoviridae", "blue-green algae", "siphoviridae", "myoviridae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018248175182481, 0.0036496350364960003, 0.0, 0.0036496350364960003, 0.0036496350364960003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.2, 0.0, 0.2, 0.2]}, {"paper": "W2095978893", "mesh_terms": ["Bees", "Environmental Pollutants", "Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated", "Animals", "Bees", "Brazil", "Environmental Pollutants", "Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated", "Male"], "venue_ids": ["V86852077"], "venue_names": ["Science of The Total Environment", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2534594813", "A2144539521"], "author_names": ["Walter Vetter", "Donald R. Roberts"], "reference_ids": ["W2159836535", "W1977901905", "W2912681954", "W1483883745", "W2178343110", "W2005095573", "W2074538091", "W2474301444", "W856784508", "W1982033271", "W2483593078", "W2027867048", "W1983389428", "W1995541254", "W2214802759", "W224427021", "W2136342936"], "title": "Revisiting the organohalogens associated with 1979-samples of Brazilian bees (Eufriesea purpurata).", "abstract": "brazilian bees of the species eufriesea purpurata are known to tolerate very high concentrations of ddt. as reported in the literature, these bees have suffered no harm from as much as 2 mg/bee, which is in the per-cent range of the body weight. in 1979, individuals of e. purpurata were captured as they collected ddt from walls of remote, rural houses in brazil. reported herein are quantities and identities of ddt, ddt metabolites, and other organohalogen compounds in four samples of bees stored since 1979. the concentrations of ddt (sum of p,p\u2032-ddt, -dde, and -ddd) ranged from 23 to 314 \u03bcg/bee which is up to twelve fold higher than the ld50 value of ddt in the honey bee (apis mellifera) but significantly lower than the no-effect concentration in e. purpurata. enantioselective determination confirmed the presence of racemic o,p\u2032-ddt in the four individual samples. gc/ecnims investigation resulted in the detection of low amounts (<1 \u03bcg/bee) of pca, lindane, and chlordane. at higher retention times four unknown compounds were detected with a proposed molecular ion at m/z 498, a non-aromatic hydrocarbon backbone along with the presence of eight chlorine substituents. neither the structure nor the origin of these compounds could be determined. considering where and when the bees were collected and considering the biology and ecology of the euglossine bees themselves, we propose that the four unknowns are natural products and, as such, are the most highly chlorinated natural compounds yet discovered.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 408, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1123995", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_thermal_energy"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/311/5767/1559", "mag_terms": ["artificial muscle", "moving parts", "bionics", "robot", "robotics", "electric power supplies", "control engineering", "computer science", "artificial intelligence", "biomimetic materials", "fuel cells"], "species": ["bee", "honey bee", "apis mellifera", "eufriesea", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.115384615384615, 0.012820512820512001, 0.0, 0.012820512820512001, 0.051282051282051], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.11111111111111101, 0.0, 0.11111111111111101, 0.44444444444444403]}, {"paper": "W2039704093", "mesh_terms": ["Animal Communication", "Ants", "Learning", "Teaching", "Animals", "Ants", "Feedback", "Feedback", "Learning"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Energy & Environmental Science"], "author_ids": ["A1944501357", "A2135493836"], "author_names": ["Nigel R. Franks", "Thomas O. Richardson"], "reference_ids": ["W2125899695", "W2044439768", "W2144905524", "W2084750247", "W1577298992", "W55331355", "W2163056986", "W2114577239"], "title": "Teaching in tandem-running ants", "abstract": "tapping into the dialogue between leader and follower reveals an unexpected social skill. tandem running, first described by e. o. wilson, is a behaviour seen in some ant species where one ant leads another from the nest to a food source, using touch or pheromone signals between them to control the speed and route. new work on temnothorax albipennis ants shows there is more to tandem running than meets the eye. it turns it to be an example of teaching via bidirectional feedback between teacher and pupil, possibly the first time this has been observed in a non-human animal. and don't miss the quicktime movie on nature.com. the ant temnothorax albipennis uses a technique known as tandem running to lead another ant from the nest to food \u2014with signals between the two ants controlling both the speed and course of the run. here we analyse the results of this communication and show that tandem running is an example of teaching, to our knowledge the first in a non-human animal1,2,3, that involves bidirectional feedback between teacher and pupil. this behaviour indicates that it could be the value of information, rather than the constraint of brain size, that has influenced the evolution of teaching.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/439153a.pdf", "petalID": 409, "doi": "10.1039/C0EE00578A", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_light_energy", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2011/EE/c0ee00578a#!divAbstract", "mag_terms": ["primary charge separation", "photosystem", "antenna efficiency", "photosystem ii", "photosynthesis", "antenna", "chlorophyll", "quantum efficiency", "biological system", "optoelectronics", "biology"], "species": ["temnothorax albipennis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.031746031746031], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ {"paper": "W2013398661", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V43139658"], "venue_names": ["Materials Science and Engineering: C", "PLOS Biology"], "author_ids": ["A1970446641", "A2130601219"], "author_names": ["Gebran N. Karam", "Lorna J. Gibson"], "reference_ids": ["W2405981763", "W2022127587", "W1520891405", "W1993158035", "W2030401642", "W2053088301", "W2101790398", "W1971881802", "W2093963640", "W2070969094", "W2069028098", "W2010719541", "W2087228945", "W2024493225", "W1491891466", "W2001541547", "W2135807162", "W2027571869", "W2054701964", "W2031018206", "W1972982216"], "title": "Biomimicking of animal quills and plant stems: natural cylindrical shells with foam cores", "abstract": "abstract int. j. solids structures, 1994 ) were used to study the mechanical efficiency of these natural structures. it was found that natural structures are often more mechanically efficient than equivalent weight hollow cylinders. biomimicking of natural cylindrical shell structures may offer the potential to increase the mechanical efficiency of engineering structures.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 418, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PBIO.0040264", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_light_energy", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040264", "mag_terms": ["prochlorococcus", "cyanophage", "caudovirales", "synechococcus", "sequence analysis", "genome", "genome evolution", "gene", "genetics", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2164098890", "mesh_terms": ["Aldehyde-Lyases", "Alkanes", "Cyanobacteria", "Escherichia coli", "Genes, Bacterial", "Oxidoreductases", "Synechococcus", "Synechococcus", "Acyl Carrier Protein", "Acyl Carrier Protein", "Aldehyde-Lyases", "Aldehyde-Lyases", "Aldehyde-Lyases", "Aldehydes", "Aldehydes", "Alkanes", "Alkenes", "Alkenes", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Biosynthetic Pathways", "Cyanobacteria", "Cyanobacteria", "Cyanobacteria", "Escherichia coli", "Escherichia coli", "Fatty Acids", "Fatty Acids", "Fatty Alcohols", "Fatty Alcohols", "Operon", "Oxidoreductases", "Oxidoreductases", "Protein Conformation", "Recombinant Proteins", "Recombinant Proteins", "Recombinant Proteins", "Substrate Specificity", "Synechococcus", "Synechococcus"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Nature", "Science of the Total Environment"], "author_ids": ["A2096244279", "A2016040121", "A2502193952", "A2363537602", "A2071983534"], "author_names": ["Andreas W. Schirmer", "Mathew Rude", "Xuezhi Li", "Emanuela Popova", "Stephen B. del Cardayre"], "reference_ids": ["W1986423678", "W2039880822", "W263406778", "W2031971457", "W2036790898", "W2046629365", "W2053391576", "W1968360887", "W2044388851", "W2111771826", "W2115128338", "W2145650468", "W2050350079", "W2052504986", "W2024610281", "W2162164878", "W2171388977", "W2061047369", "W2059836177", "W2073857657", "W2123309691", "W1995484863", "W2056383496", "W2069962535", "W2096535082"], "title": "Microbial Biosynthesis of Alkanes", "abstract": "alkanes, the major constituents of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, are naturally produced by diverse species; however, the genetics and biochemistry behind this biology have remained elusive. here we describe the discovery of an alkane biosynthesis pathway from cyanobacteria. the pathway consists of an acyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and an aldehyde decarbonylase, which together convert intermediates of fatty acid metabolism to alkanes and alkenes. the aldehyde decarbonylase is related to the broadly functional nonheme diiron enzymes. heterologous expression of the alkane operon in escherichia coli leads to the production and secretion of c13 to c17 mixtures of alkanes and alkenes. these genes and enzymes can now be leveraged for the simple and direct conversion of renewable raw materials to fungible hydrocarbon fuels.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 419, "doi": "10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2007.02.009", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_break_down", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["chemically_break_down_organic_compounds", "protect_from_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707001878?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["eufriesea", "honey bee", "chlordane", "lindane", "persistent organic pollutant", "veterinary medicine", "toxicology", "chemistry", "body weight", "organohalogen compounds"], "species": ["cyanobacteria", "escherichia coli"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.025641025641025002, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2008699812", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V98424699"], "venue_names": ["Biological Journal of The Linnean Society"], "author_ids": ["A723995864", "A2574252890", "A1421642926"], "author_names": ["Elizabeth L. Brainerd", "Jeremy S. Ditelberg", "Dennis M. Bramble"], "reference_ids": ["W2107648648", "W2335771184", "W1839843795", "W2035250200", "W2079098981", "W1994090334", "W2003703362", "W1925099321", "W2073500435", "W2281560970", "W2005237510", "W2113249688", "W2034738139", "W2264316758", "W2013957431", "W2275850409", "W2330108418", "W1976347228", "W2077584009", "W2332573632", "W2020090605", "W2038817542", "W2140181075", "W2218841668", "W2317256939", "W1486210610", "W1973214291", "W2187948175", "W1994581494", "W2030255633", "W2065692997", "W2186900601", "W2056291692", "W2317031248"], "title": "Lung ventilation in salamanders and the evolution of vertebrate air-breathing mechanisms", "abstract": "abstract although necturus and lungfishes both use a two-stroke buccal pump, they differ in their expiration mechanics. unlike a lungfish (protopterus), necturus exhales by contracting a portion of its hypaxial trunk musculature (the m. transversus abdominis) to increase pleuroperitoneal pressure. the occurrence of this same expiratory mechanism in amniotes is evidence that the use of hypaxial musculature for expiration, but not for inspiration, is a primitive tetrapod feature. from this observation we hypothesize that aspiration breathing may have evolved in two stages: initially, from pure buccal pumping to the use of trunk musculature for exhalation but not for inspiration (as in necturus); and secondarily, to the use of trunk musculature for both exhalation and inhalation by costal aspiration (as in amniotes).", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 420, "doi": "10.1038/439153A", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["process_signals"], "level3": ["convert_signals", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/439153a", "mag_terms": ["tandem running", "temnothorax albipennis", "control", "constraint", "nest", "artificial intelligence", "computer science"], "species": ["amniotes", "vertebrates", "fish", "frogs", "necturus maculosus", "fishes", "lungfishes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017391304347826, 0.017391304347826, 0.034782608695652, 0.008695652173913, 0.008695652173913, 0.034782608695652, 0.017391304347826], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.25, 0.25, 1.0, 0.5]}, - {"paper": "W2610939633", "mesh_terms": ["Bambusa", "Equipment Design", "Models, Theoretical"], "venue_ids": ["V202381698"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS ONE", "Wetlands"], "author_ids": ["A2129329516", "A2293997078", "A2055356521"], "author_names": ["Motohiro Sato", "Akio Inoue", "Hiroyuki Shima"], "reference_ids": ["W2037364099", "W1973534940", "W2075828712", "W348783967", "W2253505412", "W2059317832", "W2025977123", "W2083822563", "W2443698433", "W2009210380", "W2345996893", "W2049135245", "W2074310922", "W2883614846", "W2023565486", "W2019209208", "W1976384752", "W2169609741", "W1821124267", "W2743225517", "W2073331305", "W1989145457", "W2056157735", "W2071095788", "W2153807601", "W2080282870", "W2297886784", "W2049392723", "W2258113398", "W2060768676", "W2091955856", "W1971651122", "W1990500621"], "title": "Bamboo-inspired optimal design for functionally graded hollow cylinders.", "abstract": "the optimal distribution of the reinforcing fibers for stiffening hollow cylindrical composites is explored using the linear elasticity theory. the spatial distribution of the vascular bundles in wild bamboo, a nature-designed functionally graded material, is the basis for the design. our results suggest that wild bamboos maximize their flexural rigidity by optimally regulating the radial gradation of their vascular bundle distribution. this fact provides us with a plant-mimetic design principle that enables the realization of high-stiffness and lightweight cylindrical composites.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0175029&type=printable", "petalID": 421, "doi": "10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[322:HTSSMV]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances", "manage populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[322:HTSSMV]2.0.CO;2", "mag_terms": ["species richness", "carex stricta", "tussock", "ecosystem engineer", "carex", "vegetation", "litter", "growing season", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bamboo", "bamboos"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.08695652173913, 0.043478260869565], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, + {"paper": "W2610939633", "mesh_terms": ["Bambusa", "Equipment Design", "Models, Theoretical"], "venue_ids": ["V202381698"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS ONE", "Wetlands"], "author_ids": ["A2129329516", "A2293997078", "A2055356521"], "author_names": ["Motohiro Sato", "Akio Inoue", "Hiroyuki Shima"], "reference_ids": ["W2037364099", "W1973534940", "W2075828712", "W348783967", "W2253505412", "W2059317832", "W2025977123", "W2083822563", "W2443698433", "W2009210380", "W2345996893", "W2049135245", "W2074310922", "W2883614846", "W2023565486", "W2019209208", "W1976384752", "W2169609741", "W1821124267", "W2743225517", "W2073331305", "W1989145457", "W2056157735", "W2071095788", "W2153807601", "W2080282870", "W2297886784", "W2049392723", "W2258113398", "W2060768676", "W2091955856", "W1971651122", "W1990500621"], "title": "Bamboo-inspired optimal design for functionally graded hollow cylinders.", "abstract": "the optimal distribution of the reinforcing fibers for stiffening hollow cylindrical composites is explored using the linear elasticity theory. the spatial distribution of the vascular bundles in wild bamboo, a nature-designed functionally graded material, is the basis for the design. our results suggest that wild bamboos maximize their flexural rigidity by optimally regulating the radial gradation of their vascular bundle distribution. this fact provides us with a plant-mimetic design principle that enables the realization of high-stiffness and lightweight cylindrical composites.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0175029&type=printable", "petalID": 421, "doi": "10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[322:HTSSMV]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["manage_environmental_disturbances", "cooperate_within/between_species", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[322:HTSSMV]2.0.CO;2", "mag_terms": ["species richness", "carex stricta", "tussock", "ecosystem engineer", "carex", "vegetation", "litter", "growing season", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bamboo", "bamboos"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.08695652173913, 0.043478260869565], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2489192347", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": [""], "venue_names": ["Seed Biology#R##N#Importance, Development, and Germination", "Plant and Cell Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2575607930", "A1993900479"], "author_names": ["Abraham Fahn", "Ella Werker"], "reference_ids": ["W1483071083", "W205784702", "W2015628352", "W3138148912", "W2024648960", "W2317914340", "W2023660780", "W2077188907", "W2317751430", "W1992723309", "W1996672800", "W50428297", "W614521536", "W2048479916", "W2174329531", "W2065344880", "W2810698503", "W2033072065", "W2069207301", "W3162449064", "W2051335899", "W1992107027", "W2043001322", "W2076988062", "W2128935184", "W2004657459", "W2076729002", "W2228305652", "W2062746123", "W1989497478", "W1980686116", "W2012410890", "W2075605891", "W2322296187", "W2063851186", "W2107961901", "W2024541474", "W2068921927", "W2069681780", "W2469840584", "W2948728602", "W2132602676"], "title": "4 \u2013 ANATOMICAL MECHANISMS OF SEED DISPERSAL", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 422, "doi": "10.1093/PCP/PCM055", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_assemble", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17504814/", "mag_terms": ["xyloglucan", "cell wall", "cellulose", "matrix", "hydrolase", "woody plant", "biophysics", "biochemistry", "tension", "chemistry"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2126906211", "mesh_terms": ["Atmosphere", "Ecosystem", "Plant Leaves", "Plants", "Trees", "Volatile Organic Compounds", "Volatile Organic Compounds", "Atmosphere", "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Plant Leaves", "Plants", "Plants", "Populus", "Populus", "Populus", "Stress, Physiological", "Trees", "Tropical Climate", "Up-Regulation", "Volatile Organic 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Jardine"], "reference_ids": ["W2066887109", "W2044724516", "W2151181273", "W2077448215", "W1990839656", "W2044160173", "W2095029195", "W2091043611", "W2036629228", "W2002570697", "W1499500424", "W2116507044", "W2105348794", "W2144923407", "W1649724963"], "title": "Efficient Atmospheric Cleansing of Oxidized Organic Trace Gases by Vegetation", "abstract": "the biosphere is the major source and sink of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (vocs) in the atmosphere. gas-phase chemical reactions initiate the removal of these compounds from the atmosphere, which ultimately proceeds via deposition at the surface or direct oxidation to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. we performed ecosystem-scale flux measurements that show that the removal of oxygenated voc via dry deposition is substantially larger than is currently assumed for deciduous ecosystems. laboratory experiments indicate efficient enzymatic conversion and potential up-regulation of various stress-related genes, leading to enhanced uptake rates as a response to ozone and methyl vinyl ketone exposure or mechanical wounding. a revised scheme for the uptake of oxygenated vocs, incorporated into a global chemistry-transport model, predicts appreciable regional changes in annual dry deposition fluxes.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt273130p1/qt273130p1.pdf?t=nu01o5", "petalID": 423, "doi": "10.1038/429363A", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_light", "protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/429363a", "mag_terms": ["hippopotamus", "pigment", "orange", "color reaction", "perspiration", "sweat", "chemistry", "nuclear chemistry", "botany"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2123988469", "mesh_terms": ["Coleoptera", "Insect Proteins", "Luciferases", "Animals", "Binding Sites", "Catalysis", "Coleoptera", "Insect Proteins", "Insect Proteins", "Insect Proteins", "Kinetics", "Luciferases", "Luciferases", "Luciferases", "Models, Molecular", "Mutagenesis, Site-Directed"], "venue_ids": ["V184547178"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Biochemistry", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics", "Science", "Journal of Fluid Mechanics", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A1997001832", "A2609154613", "A2659897767", "A2116266365", "A2044790894", "A2339146393", "A2107837998"], "author_names": ["Vadim R. 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Oehlmeyer", "Yoshihiro Ohmiya"], "reference_ids": ["W2172711071", "W1984216534", "W2066263367", "W2022450453", "W149890350", "W2127824155", "W1978975780", "W1991988050", "W2089650429", "W2127663198", "W2100347657", "W2021108104", "W2005788504", "W1967737759", "W2018084833", "W2024671410", "W2163313173", "W3004902239", "W1978406742", "W2019143745", "W2060322052", "W2171929231", "W1992782774", "W2065710197", "W2087398432", "W2022978965", "W2163057394", "W2037178607", "W2105110220", "W2141560453", "W2045338548", "W2067480374", "W2086328393", "W2109794591", "W2143694975", "W1777098471", "W1973710017", "W2012619786", "W2024700861", "W1998712686", "W2050117726", "W2067151082", "W2082873322", "W2040799957", "W2049995720"], "title": "Active-site properties of Phrixotrix railroad worm green and red bioluminescence-eliciting luciferases.", "abstract": "the luciferases of the railroad worm phrixotrix (coleoptera: phengodidae) are the only beetle luciferases that naturally produce true red bioluminescence. previously, we cloned the green- (pxgr) and red-emitting (pxre) luciferases of railroad worms phrixotrix viviani and p. hirtus[ole1]. these luciferases were expressed and purified, and their active-site properties were determined. the red-emitting pxre luciferase displays flash-like kinetics, whereas pxgr luciferase displays slow-type kinetics. the substrate affinities and catalytic efficiency of pxre luciferase are also higher than those of pxgr luciferase. fluorescence studies with 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid and 6-p-toluidino-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid showed that the pxre luciferase luciferin-binding site is more polar than that of pxgr luciferase, and it is sensitive to guanidine. mutagenesis and modelling studies suggest that several invariant residues in the putative luciferin-binding site of pxre luciferase cannot interact with excited oxyluciferin. these results suggest that one portion of the luciferin-binding site of the red-emitting luciferase is tighter than that of pxgr luciferase, whereas the other portion could be more open and polar.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/11449/19562/1/WOS000241798200001.pdf", "petalID": 424, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.00209", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/206/6/1059", "mag_terms": ["trout", "rainbow trout", "vortex shedding", "karman vortex street", "vortex", "wake", "flow velocity", "total body length", "mechanics", "physics", "meteorology"], "species": ["phengodidae", "coleoptera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.02, 0.02], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ {"paper": "W2102831069", "mesh_terms": ["Biological Evolution", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Fossils", "Humerus", "Spheniscidae", "Adaptation, Biological", "Animals", "Feeding Behavior", "Humerus", "Spheniscidae", "Spheniscidae"], "venue_ids": ["V153317304"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Biology Letters", "Physics of Fluids"], "author_ids": ["A2111747147", "A254783770", "A729537744"], "author_names": ["Daniel B. 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Ewan Fordyce"], "reference_ids": ["W2056472473", "W104433547", "W2069381303", "W2611511275", "W2162762023", "W2064827250", "W2107555182", "W2055442076", "W2104164797", "W2109993665", "W2147571399", "W2112975825", "W2081061917", "W2051733624", "W2080202535", "W106637809", "W2027311771", "W2151133489"], "title": "Penguin heat-retention structures evolved in a greenhouse Earth", "abstract": "penguins (sphenisciformes) inhabit some of the most extreme environments on earth. the 60+ myr fossil record of penguins spans an interval that witnessed dramatic shifts in cenozoic ocean temperatures and currents, indicating a long interplay between penguin evolution and environmental change. perhaps the most celebrated example is the successful late cenozoic invasion of glacial environments by crown clade penguins. a major adaptation that allows penguins to forage in cold water is the humeral arterial plexus, a vascular counter-current heat exchanger (cche) that limits heat loss through the flipper. fossil evidence reveals that the humeral plexus arose at least 49 ma during a \u2018greenhouse earth\u2019 interval. the evolution of the cche is therefore unrelated to global cooling or development of polar ice sheets, but probably represents an adaptation to foraging in subsurface waters at temperate latitudes. as global climate cooled, the cche was key to invasion of thermally more demanding environments associated with antarctic ice sheets.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0993", "petalID": 468, "doi": "10.1063/1.2960720", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2960720", "mag_terms": ["free surface", "shear stress", "snail", "newtonian fluid", "freshwater snail", "lubrication", "flow", "mucus", "mechanics", "physics"], "species": ["sphenisciformes", "penguins"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017241379310344, 0.068965517241379], "relative_relevancy": [0.25, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2054858236", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V118082147"], "venue_names": ["Marine Biology", "Biochemical Journal", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2460544679", "A2763797931"], "author_names": ["M. 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Funk"], "reference_ids": ["W1966690930", "W2037841838", "W2794964275", "W1976014590", "W2058606152", "W2127060416", "W2128618435", "W2149478736", "W2066568145", "W2037440639", "W2133425472", "W2142954785", "W2214493670", "W58525211", "W571103110", "W2111655912", "W2172668651", "W1900040508", "W1964717028", "W2005755400", "W2171617985", "W1534105211", "W1863715486", "W2056653101", "W2077700616", "W2006759604", "W2102811474", "W1585594764", "W2116553546", "W2167381656", "W2147131688", "W2162029842", "W1974076666", "W1979756909", "W1989636360", "W2059276588", "W2000544960", "W2048373350", "W3184206582", "W1964948422", "W2051704703", "W2114962553", "W2145378437", "W2338244806", "W1992708162", "W2054001736", "W1765653887", "W2014538668", "W118734275", "W2047799888", "W2145557544", "W2317172966", "W1529167265", "W1964813748", "W2096511299", "W2141444340", "W1868870561", "W2314888678", "W1520514472", "W1970069621", "W1998568283", "W2038558484", "W1531649288", "W2040050882", "W2046176509", "W2946798340"], "title": "Antipredatory properties of an animal architecture: how complex faecal cases thwart arthropod attack.", "abstract": "animals create a wide variety of structures to deal with abiotic and biotic challenges. we evaluated an intriguing structure whose function has never been thoroughly tested. specifically, we evaluated the hypothesis that the body-enclosing \u2018faecal case\u2019 created and lived in by the immature stages of neochlamisus leaf beetles reduces their risk of predation. we especially focus on the case of n. platani, which is externally covered with host-plant trichomes, and includes a distinct trichome-filled chamber (\u2018attic\u2019) in the case apex. here, we separately evaluated the effects of case, trichomes and attic on each of several behavioural stages of predator attack using n. platani and n. bimaculatus larvae and pupae. three generalist predators (crickets, soldier bugs and lynx spiders) that represent different feeding strategies were used in our individual-level repeated observation behavioural trials. results strongly demonstrated that the faecal case itself greatly reduced predation risk for all combinations of beetle species, life history stage and predator. additional evidence indicated that both trichomes and attics further and independently reduced predation risk. variation in results among treatments was also informative. for example, the capacity of faecal case components to reduce predation sometimes varied markedly among predators and between larval versus pupal life stages. patterns of predator behaviour provided no evidence that caseless larvae have alternative means of defence. this study further presents a rare example of the co-option of a physical plant defence (trichomes) by an herbivore.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 472, "doi": "10.1093/JXB/ERT279", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_buckling", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/64/15/4793/464484", "mag_terms": ["functional ecology", "allometry", "trait", "biomechanics", "ecology", "biology", "basic density"], "species": ["neochlamisus", "lynx spiders", "beetles", "crickets", "spiders", "leaf beetles", "bugs"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011494252873563001, 0.0, 0.011494252873563001, 0.011494252873563001, 0.011494252873563001, 0.011494252873563001, 0.011494252873563001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1983935822", "mesh_terms": ["Acacia", "Ants", "Ants", "Symbiosis", "Trees", "Acacia", "Animals", "Ants", "Behavior, Animal", "Behavior, Animal", "Coleoptera", "Coleoptera", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Stems", "Species Specificity", "Symbiosis", "Time Factors", "Trees"], "venue_ids": ["V35917800"], "venue_names": ["Ecology", "Journal of Comparative Physiology A", "Animal Eyes"], "author_ids": ["A2104009085", "A2108170399"], "author_names": ["Maureen L. Stanton", "Todd M. Palmer"], "reference_ids": ["W2023682217", "W2121705885", "W2127004478", "W1976761193", "W2105788569", "W2113618723", "W2115406039", "W2149536968", "W2106219219", "W2039173256", "W2124945206", "W2134215735", "W2316144407", "W1982914195", "W2104216223", "W2107615946", "W2256135240", "W2158570055", "W2062663664", "W2089768436", "W61432367", "W1609270880", "W2108472763", "W2148854444", "W2064467533", "W2168285923", "W2137714402", "W2022613595", "W2129468871", "W2135731422", "W2017569298", "W2109611952", "W2091586608", "W2056316203", "W2001318553", "W2032223121", "W2133567058", "W2167030552", "W2046942447", "W2036788618", "W2137147477", "W1520581468", "W1996990047", "W2142842875", "W1875992521", "W2046363742", "W2058521172"], "title": "The high cost of mutualism: effects of four species of East African ant symbionts on their myrmecophyte host tree", "abstract": "three recent meta-analyses of protective plant-ant mutualisms report a surprisingly weak relationship between herbivore protection and measured demographic benefits to ant-plants, suggesting high tolerance for herbivory, substantial costs of ant- mediated defense, and/or benefits that are realized episodically rather than continuously. experimental manipulations of protective ant-plant associations typically last for less than a year, yet virtually all specialized myrmecophytes are long-lived perennials for which the costs and benefits of maintaining ant symbionts could accrue at different rates over the host's lifetime. to complement long-term monitoring studies, we experimentally excluded each of four ant symbionts from their long-lived myrmecophyte host trees (acacia drepanolobium) for 4.5 years. ant species varied in their effectiveness against herbivores and in their effects on intermediate-term growth and reproduction, but the level of herbivore protection provided was a poor predictor of the net impact they had on host trees. removal of the three crematogaster species resulted in cumulative gains in host tree growth and/or reproduction over the course of the experiment, despite the fact that two of those species significantly reduce chronic herbivore damage. in contrast, although t. penzigi is a relatively poor defender, the low cost of maintaining this ant symbiont apparently eliminated negative impacts on overall tree growth and reproduction, resulting in enhanced allocation to new branch growth by the final census. acacia drepanolobium is evidently highly tolerant of herbivory by insects and small browsers, and the costs of maintaining crematogaster colonies exceeded the benefits received during the study. no experimental trees were killed by elephants, but elephant damage was uniquely associated with reduced tree growth, and at least one ant species (c. mimosae) strongly deterred elephant browsing. we hypothesize that rare but catastrophic damage by elephants may be more important than chronic herbivory in maintaining the costly myrmecophyte habit in this system.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 473, "doi": "10.1007/BF00660177", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["process_signals"], "level3": ["convert_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00660177", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["insects", "elephants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010869565217391, 0.021739130434782], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1991144866", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Ion Channel Gating", "Ion Channels", "Ion Channels", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Bacterial Proteins", "Crystallography, X-Ray", "Ion Channel Gating", "Ion Channels", "Models, Biological", "Models, Molecular", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Pressure", "Protein Structure, Quaternary", "Staphylococcus aureus"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Oecologia", "Journal of Vegetation Science"], "author_ids": ["A2920589763", "A228296057"], "author_names": ["Valeria V\u00e1squez", "Eduardo Perozo"], "reference_ids": ["W1995638805", "W1965526605", "W2048009063", "W2025032662", "W2162483141", "W2172246975", "W2061946066", "W2110668927", "W2083517980", "W2141818631", "W2150405124", "W2119461690", "W2147869016", "W1622986665", "W1977456654"], "title": "Structural biology: A channel with a twist", "abstract": "mechanosensitive channels release tension in cell membranes by opening 'pressure relief' pores. the structure of a partially open channel suggests a gating mechanism and delivers an unexpected architectural twist.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/461047a.pdf", "petalID": 474, "doi": "10.1007/S00442-006-0614-X", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00442-006-0614-x", "mag_terms": ["interception", "tillandsia", "rosette", "xerophyte", "agave", "epiphyte", "niebla", "botany", "biology", "functional morphology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, @@ -484,9 +484,9 @@ {"paper": "W1971150672", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V205086949"], "venue_names": ["American Journal of Botany", "Biology Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2653000650", "A2121479125"], "author_names": ["Charles H\u00e9bant", "David W. Lee"], "reference_ids": ["W2031379734", "W2313321079", "W2109950584", "W2127483850", "W2588131837", "W2121963940", "W150119536", "W2017278216", "W2052197371", "W2029745704", "W2069021909", "W2008930382"], "title": "ULTRASTRUCTURAL BASIS AND DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROL OF BLUE IRIDESCENCE IN SELAGINELLA LEAVES", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 482, "doi": "10.1098/RSBL.2010.0993", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0993", "mag_terms": ["global cooling", "glacial period", "ice sheet", "sea surface temperature", "flipper", "spheniscidae", "environmental change", "cenozoic", "paleontology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2094458509", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V69822372"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology", "Integrative and Comparative Biology", "Hydrobiologia", "Marine Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2133431614", "A2120425057", "A40891565"], "author_names": ["Gadi Katzir", "Arnon Lotem", "Nathan Intrator"], "reference_ids": ["W2045146021", "W2098452530", "W1507653370", "W2938463896", "W1965042933", "W654738365"], "title": "Stationary underwater prey missed by reef herons,Egretta gularis: head position and light refraction at the moment of strike", "abstract": "this paper attempts to verify the importance of spatial positioning of the eyes of reef heronsegretta gularis schistacea, when coping with light refraction at the air-water interface. the herons' striking of prey, while their approach angle was restricted, was observed. (a) the herons' capture success in the restricted situation was markedly lower than in the unrestricted situation. (b) the points of strike (str) in unsuccessful strikes differed from those of successful strikes, and from those of the unrestricted situation. (c) the larger the difference between the observed and the predicted ratio of prey depth to apparent prey depth, the higher the probability of missing a prey. these results support predictions of a model presented elsewhere (katzir and intrator 1987) that a heron will attempt to reach spatial positions at which prey's real depth and apparent depth are linearly correlated.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 483, "doi": "10.1007/BF02112137", "level1": ["assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["change_size/shape", "change_material_properties"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02112137", "mag_terms": ["drag", "flapping", "boundary layer", "nereocystis", "egregia menziesii", "flow velocity", "blade", "flow", "mechanics", "biology"], "species": ["herons"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.066666666666666], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2025805682", "mesh_terms": ["Bees", "Genetic Variation", "Animals", "Bees", "Bees", "Behavior, Animal", "Biological Evolution", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Female", "Homeostasis", "Male", "Selection, Genetic", "Sexual Behavior, Animal", "Temperature"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2115737499", "A1103931238", "A2461085107", "A1819227948"], "author_names": ["Julia C. Jones", "Mary R. Myerscough", "Sonia Graham", "Benjamin P. Oldroyd"], "reference_ids": ["W2047196815", "W2093797487", "W2029010599", "W2062972543", "W2122750290", "W2007343470", "W2149383426", "W2004778468", "W2156380818", "W2025323500", "W2576612115", "W1991509959", "W2024189170", "W2158978450", "W1998155433", "W2039781079", "W1932370964", "W2153055725", "W2113206802", "W2017034265", "W2171114341", "W1546962148", "W2047002555", "W1566107011", "W1550868843", "W1968253881", "W1559383551", "W643205285", "W2020845201", "W2172062401", "W2117910558"], "title": "Honey bee nest thermoregulation: diversity promotes stability", "abstract": "a honey bee colony is characterized by high genetic diversity among its workers, generated by high levels of multiple mating by its queen. few clear benefits of this genetic diversity are known. here we show that brood nest temperatures in genetically diverse colonies (i.e., those sired by several males) tend to be more stable than in genetically uniform ones (i.e., those sired by one male). one reason this increased stability arises is because genetically determined diversity in workers' temperature response thresholds modulates the hive-ventilating behavior of individual workers, preventing excessive colony-level responses to temperature fluctuations.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 484, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1116612", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["send_signals", "change_structural_color"], "level3": ["send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16293753/", "mag_terms": ["light emission", "photonic crystal", "papilio nireus", "diode", "optics", "fluorescence", "characterization", "slab", "materials science"], "species": ["honey bee", "bee"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.038461538461538006, 0.038461538461538006], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W1984415107", "mesh_terms": ["Cactaceae", "Carbon", "Arizona", "Cactaceae", "Cactaceae", "Cactaceae", "Calcium Carbonate", "Calcium Carbonate", "Carbon", "Climate", "Desert Climate", "Geography"], "venue_ids": ["V44783556"], "venue_names": ["Naturwissenschaften", "Science", "Biology Letters", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Applied and Environmental Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2163668124"], "author_names": ["Laurence A. J. Garvie"], "reference_ids": ["W2004736318", "W2284130562", "W2163055480", "W2341688874", "W1537217453", "W2043152590", "W3029876737", "W2012938216", "W2029595558", "W2071968137", "W1992787616", "W648316082", "W1505543708", "W2018382998", "W2032981694", "W2054238670", "W2147201160", "W638738495", "W1996779728", "W1974852380", "W1997198935", "W2341557519", "W2050779150", "W2030846272", "W2085889950", "W2095491939", "W1511631650", "W2188177493", "W2054039862", "W1970573410", "W2032350695", "W2155169708", "W2541864706", "W1592702398", "W2030104910", "W2068288753", "W2113285139"], "title": "Decay of cacti and carbon cycling", "abstract": "cacti contain large quantities of ca-oxalate biominerals, with c derived from atmospheric co(2). their death releases these biominerals into the environment, which subsequently transform to calcite via a monohydrocalcite intermediate. here, the fate of ca-oxalates released by plants in arid environments is investigated. this novel and widespread form of biomineralization has unexpected consequences on c cycling and calcite accumulation in areas with large numbers of cacti. the magnitude of this mineralization is revealed by studying the large columnar cactus carnegiea gigantea (engelm.) britton and rose in southwestern arizona (locally called the saguaro). a large c. gigantea contains on the order of 1 x 10(5) g of the ca-oxalate weddellite-cac(2)o(4) x 2h(2)o. in areas with high c. gigantea density, there is an estimated 40 g c(atm) m(-2) sequestered in ca-oxalates. following the death of the plant, the weddellite transforms to calcite on the order to 10-20 years. in areas with high saguaro density, there is an estimated release of up to 2.4 g calcite m(-2) year(-1) onto the desert soil. similar transformation mechanisms occur with the ca-oxalates that are abundant in the majority of cacti. thus, the total atmospheric c returned to the soil of areas with a high number density of cacti is large, suggesting that there may be a significant long-term accumulation of atmospheric c in these soils derived from ca-oxalate biominerals. these findings demonstrate that plant decay in arid environments may have locally significant impacts on the ca and inorganic c cycles.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 485, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1317120111", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals", "cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/111/11/4157", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "foraging", "dimethyl sulfide", "food web", "primary producers", "food chain", "phytoplankton", "apex predator", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["plants", "saguaro", "carnegiea gigantea", "arizona"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010752688172043001, 0.021505376344086002, 0.010752688172043001, 0.010752688172043001], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5]}, + {"paper": "W1984415107", "mesh_terms": ["Cactaceae", "Carbon", "Arizona", "Cactaceae", "Cactaceae", "Cactaceae", "Calcium Carbonate", "Calcium Carbonate", "Carbon", "Climate", "Desert Climate", "Geography"], "venue_ids": ["V44783556"], "venue_names": ["Naturwissenschaften", "Science", "Biology Letters", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Applied and Environmental Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2163668124"], "author_names": ["Laurence A. J. Garvie"], "reference_ids": ["W2004736318", "W2284130562", "W2163055480", "W2341688874", "W1537217453", "W2043152590", "W3029876737", "W2012938216", "W2029595558", "W2071968137", "W1992787616", "W648316082", "W1505543708", "W2018382998", "W2032981694", "W2054238670", "W2147201160", "W638738495", "W1996779728", "W1974852380", "W1997198935", "W2341557519", "W2050779150", "W2030846272", "W2085889950", "W2095491939", "W1511631650", "W2188177493", "W2054039862", "W1970573410", "W2032350695", "W2155169708", "W2541864706", "W1592702398", "W2030104910", "W2068288753", "W2113285139"], "title": "Decay of cacti and carbon cycling", "abstract": "cacti contain large quantities of ca-oxalate biominerals, with c derived from atmospheric co(2). their death releases these biominerals into the environment, which subsequently transform to calcite via a monohydrocalcite intermediate. here, the fate of ca-oxalates released by plants in arid environments is investigated. this novel and widespread form of biomineralization has unexpected consequences on c cycling and calcite accumulation in areas with large numbers of cacti. the magnitude of this mineralization is revealed by studying the large columnar cactus carnegiea gigantea (engelm.) britton and rose in southwestern arizona (locally called the saguaro). a large c. gigantea contains on the order of 1 x 10(5) g of the ca-oxalate weddellite-cac(2)o(4) x 2h(2)o. in areas with high c. gigantea density, there is an estimated 40 g c(atm) m(-2) sequestered in ca-oxalates. following the death of the plant, the weddellite transforms to calcite on the order to 10-20 years. in areas with high saguaro density, there is an estimated release of up to 2.4 g calcite m(-2) year(-1) onto the desert soil. similar transformation mechanisms occur with the ca-oxalates that are abundant in the majority of cacti. thus, the total atmospheric c returned to the soil of areas with a high number density of cacti is large, suggesting that there may be a significant long-term accumulation of atmospheric c in these soils derived from ca-oxalate biominerals. these findings demonstrate that plant decay in arid environments may have locally significant impacts on the ca and inorganic c cycles.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 485, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1317120111", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals", "cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/111/11/4157", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "foraging", "dimethyl sulfide", "food web", "primary producers", "food chain", "phytoplankton", "apex predator", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["plants", "saguaro", "carnegiea gigantea", "arizona"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010752688172043001, 0.021505376344086002, 0.010752688172043001, 0.010752688172043001], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2089712921", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V6377669"], "venue_names": ["Soft Matter", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A2120730457", "A2115018800", "A233996192", "A2002403428", "A2096432340", "A275197779"], "author_names": ["Eric R. Dufresne", "Heeso Noh", "Vinodkumar Saranathan", "Simon G. J. Mochrie", "Hui Cao", "Richard O. Prum"], "reference_ids": ["W1973185073", "W2036136215", "W2121766359", "W2150529520", "W2057761231", "W1637258257", "W2043620862", "W2061142872", "W1996282267", "W2084849398", "W2131038767", "W2104033469", "W2021416892", "W2043412149", "W2054080976"], "title": "Self-assembly of amorphous biophotonic nanostructures by phase separation", "abstract": "some of the most vivid colors in the animal kingdom are created not by pigments, but by wavelength-selective scattering of light from nanostructures. here we investigate quasi-ordered nanostructures of avian feather barbs which produce vivid non-iridescent colors. these \u03b2-keratin and air nanostructures are found in two basic morphologies: tortuous channels and amorphous packings of spheres. each class of nanostructure is isotropic and has a pronounced characteristic length scale of variation in composition. these local structural correlations lead to strong backscattering over a narrow range of optical frequencies and little variation with angle of incidence. such optical properties play important roles in social and sexual communication. to be effective, birds need to precisely control the development of these nanoscale structures, yet little is known about how they grow. we hypothesize that multiple lineages of birds have convergently evolved to exploit phase separation and kinetic arrest to self-assemble spongy color-producing nanostructures in feather barbs. observed avian nanostructures are strikingly similar to those self-assembled during the phase separation of fluid mixtures; the channel and sphere morphologies are characteristic of phase separation by spinodal decomposition and nucleation and growth, respectively. these unstable structures are locked-in by the kinetic arrest of the \u03b2-keratin matrix, likely through the entanglement or cross-linking of supermolecular \u03b2-keratin fibers. using the power of self-assembly, birds can robustly realize a diverse range of nanoscopic morphologies with relatively small physical and chemical changes during feather development.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 486, "doi": "10.1016/J.ANBEHAV.2009.10.010", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["manage_external_forces", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["manage_impact", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347209004606?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["neochlamisus", "predation", "predator", "herbivore", "leaf beetle", "generalist and specialist species", "pupa", "abiotic component", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bird", "birds"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.043478260869565, 0.043478260869565], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W1566137205", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V131276044"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Nonlinear Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A2600210300", "A2194914496", "A2598892163"], "author_names": ["Atela", "Gol\u00e9", "Hotton"], "reference_ids": ["W2798922842", "W1979002784", "W1980661496", "W2051080487", "W2034168058", "W96710910", "W2105055823", "W294349613", "W2505887053", "W1977454459", "W1977642252", "W2048202288", "W2497116073", "W2095071478", "W586795095", "W1983862080", "W2019834545", "W2031674974", "W2485554780", "W2057199020", "W3175367423", "W2017165087"], "title": "A Dynamical System for Plant Pattern Formation: A Rigorous Analysis", "abstract": "we present a rigorous mathematical analysis of a discrete dynamical system modeling plant pattern formation. in this model, based on the work of physicists douady and couder, fixed points are the spiral or helical lattices often occurring in plants. the frequent occurrence of the fibonacci sequence in the number of visible spirals is explained by the stability of the fixed points in this system, as well as by the structure of their bifurcation diagram. we provide a detailed study of this diagram.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://scholarworks.smith.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=mth_facpubs", "petalID": 487, "doi": "10.1890/10-1239.1", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/10-1239.1", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "myrmecophyte", "tetraponera", "herbivore", "myrmecophily", "acacia", "ant", "plant defense against herbivory", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.041666666666666005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W1566137205", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V131276044"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Nonlinear Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A2600210300", "A2194914496", "A2598892163"], "author_names": ["Atela", "Gol\u00e9", "Hotton"], "reference_ids": ["W2798922842", "W1979002784", "W1980661496", "W2051080487", "W2034168058", "W96710910", "W2105055823", "W294349613", "W2505887053", "W1977454459", "W1977642252", "W2048202288", "W2497116073", "W2095071478", "W586795095", "W1983862080", "W2019834545", "W2031674974", "W2485554780", "W2057199020", "W3175367423", "W2017165087"], "title": "A Dynamical System for Plant Pattern Formation: A Rigorous Analysis", "abstract": "we present a rigorous mathematical analysis of a discrete dynamical system modeling plant pattern formation. in this model, based on the work of physicists douady and couder, fixed points are the spiral or helical lattices often occurring in plants. the frequent occurrence of the fibonacci sequence in the number of visible spirals is explained by the stability of the fixed points in this system, as well as by the structure of their bifurcation diagram. we provide a detailed study of this diagram.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://scholarworks.smith.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=mth_facpubs", "petalID": 487, "doi": "10.1890/10-1239.1", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/10-1239.1", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "myrmecophyte", "tetraponera", "herbivore", "myrmecophily", "acacia", "ant", "plant defense against herbivory", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.041666666666666005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2092858957", "mesh_terms": ["Dopamine", "Polymers", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Biopolymers", "Biopolymers", "Cell Adhesion", "Cell Adhesion Molecules", "Cell Adhesion Molecules", "Cell Line", "Ceramics", "Ceramics", "Dihydroxyphenylalanine", "Dihydroxyphenylalanine", "Dopamine", "Fibroblasts", "Fibroblasts", "Humans", "Hyaluronic Acid", "Hyaluronic Acid", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Metals", "Metals", "Mytilus edulis", "Mytilus edulis", "Mytilus edulis", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Oxides", "Oxides", "Polymers", "Proteins", "Proteins", "Semiconductors", "Surface Properties"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Science", "Plant, Cell & Environment", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2159448250", "A1989917887", "A2221970436", "A594632147"], "author_names": ["Haeshin Lee", "Shara M. Dellatore", "William M. Miller", "Phillip B. Messersmith"], "reference_ids": ["W2166806803", "W2185386454", "W2153027939", "W1586085231", "W1976462184", "W1998431253", "W2017621114", "W2024004515", "W2043121462", "W2102791564", "W2058374592", "W1524961740", "W2037639648", "W2047481433", "W1488956834", "W2003448893", "W2117208350", "W2154577831", "W2086754387", "W2010739144", "W2093241258", "W361464078", "W2038914366", "W2006167320", "W1982726355", "W2302311597", "W2094620274", "W2089753996", "W2011121154", "W2117357223", "W2950869575"], "title": "Mussel-Inspired Surface Chemistry for Multifunctional Coatings", "abstract": "we report a method to form multifunctional polymer coatings through simple dip-coating of objects in an aqueous solution of dopamine. inspired by the composition of adhesive proteins in mussels, we used dopamine self-polymerization to form thin, surface-adherent polydopamine films onto a wide range of inorganic and organic materials, including noble metals, oxides, polymers, semiconductors, and ceramics. secondary reactions can be used to create a variety of ad-layers, including self-assembled monolayers through deposition of long-chain molecular building blocks, metal films by electroless metallization, and bioinert and bioactive surfaces via grafting of macromolecules.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2601629?pdf=render", "petalID": 488, "doi": "10.1038/461047A", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_touch_and_mechanical_forces"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/461047a", "mag_terms": ["mechanosensitive channels", "gating", "twist", "structural biology", "membrane", "tension", "channel", "biophysics", "cell biology", "materials science"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2027075305", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Physiological", "Desiccation", "Energy Transfer", "Fluorescence", "Lichens", "Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes", "DNA, Recombinant", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Hot Temperature", "Lichens", "Light", "Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes", "Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes", "Mutagenesis, Insertional", "Phenotype", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Stress, Physiological"], "venue_ids": ["V193523036"], "venue_names": ["Planta", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2484946276"], "author_names": ["Ulrich Heber"], "reference_ids": ["W1972395106", "W2025331295", "W2072192153", "W2058164747", "W2165747201", "W1264549997", "W2093386549", "W2116928722", "W2056425137", "W2167193562", "W2138438328", "W1730266993", "W1990956245", "W2130160556", "W2102643689", "W1994841774", "W2137082512", "W3188681997", "W2022917901", "W563156038", "W1970060302", "W2095471229", "W3141788915", "W2004920077", "W2013947994", "W2009737115", "W2025771104"], "title": "Photoprotection of green plants: a mechanism of ultra-fast thermal energy dissipation in desiccated lichens.", "abstract": "in order to survive sunlight in the absence of water, desiccation-tolerant green plants need to be protected against photooxidation. during drying of the chlorolichen cladonia rangiformis and the cyanolichen peltigera neckeri, chlorophyll fluorescence decreased and stable light-dependent charge separation in reaction centers of the photosynthetic apparatus was lost. the presence of light during desiccation increased loss of fluorescence in the chlorolichen more than that in the cyanolichen. heating of desiccated cladonia thalli, but not of peltigera thalli, increased fluorescence emission more after the lichen had been dried in the light than after drying in darkness. activation of zeaxanthin-dependent energy dissipation by protonation of the psbs protein of thylakoid membranes was not responsible for the increased loss of chlorophyll fluorescence by the chlorolichen during drying in the light. glutaraldehyde inhibited loss of chlorophyll fluorescence during drying. desiccation-induced loss of chlorophyll fluorescence and of light-dependent charge separation are interpreted to indicate activation of a highly effective mechanism of photoprotection in the lichens. activation is based on desiccation-induced conformational changes of a pigment-protein complex. absorbed light energy is converted into heat within a picosecond or femtosecond time domain. when present during desiccation, light interacts with the structural changes of the protein providing increased photoprotection. energy dissipation is inactivated and structural changes are reversed when water becomes available again. reversibility of ultra-fast thermal dissipation of light energy avoids photo-damage in the absence of water and facilitates the use of light for photosynthesis almost as soon as water becomes available.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 489, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1216441109", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement", "manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["manage_shear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/109/52/21289", "mag_terms": ["tissue adhesion", "penetration", "biomedical engineering", "porcupine", "anatomy", "materials science", "collateral damage", "penetration force", "tissue adhesives", "tissue penetration"], "species": ["cladonia rangiformis", "peltigera neckeri", "plants", "green plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011111111111111, 0.011111111111111, 0.011111111111111, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2159286305", "mesh_terms": ["5-Hydroxytryptophan", "Perna", "Proteins", "Proteins", "5-Hydroxytryptophan", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Animals", "Consensus Sequence", "Glycosylation", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Perna", "Perna", "Perna", "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "Proteins", "Proteins", "Sequence Alignment"], "venue_ids": ["V140251998"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Biological Chemistry", "Nature Communications"], "author_ids": ["A3176305426", "A2584856941", "A2145759379", "A2096993431"], "author_names": ["Hua Zhao", "Jason Sagert", "Dong Soo Hwang", "J. Herbert Waite"], "reference_ids": ["W2169484878", "W1978379101", "W2172194338", "W2125148255", "W2162807358", "W2079343624", "W2262310438", "W2078852000", "W2103511109", "W1975253796", "W1999116793", "W1985748163", "W2027834665", "W2026429559", "W2038484123", "W2039811753", "W2078630737", "W2132228365", "W1985455319", "W2142968365", "W2319991632", "W2008380709", "W2131821347", "W2152890174", "W2010739144", "W2084905544", "W2015164963", "W2068955417", "W2087556720", "W1488852873", "W1530310484", "W2271749502", "W1978351897", "W2020246947", "W2154577831", "W2157246688", "W1574128379", "W1974097386", "W2084271278", "W2052519363"], "title": "Glycosylated Hydroxytryptophan in a Mussel Adhesive Protein from Perna viridis", "abstract": "the 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa)-containing proteins of mussel byssus play a critical role in wet adhesion and have inspired versatile new synthetic strategies for adhesives and coatings. apparently, however, not all mussel adhesive proteins are beholden to dopa chemistry. the cdna-deduced sequence of pvfp-1, a highly aromatic and redox active byssal coating protein in the green mussel perna viridis, suggests that dopa may be replaced by a post-translational modification of tryptophan. the n-terminal tryptophan-rich domain of pvfp-1 contains 42 decapeptide repeats with the consensus sequences atpkpw1taw2k and apppaw1taw2k. a small collagen domain (18 gly-x-y repeats) is also present. tandem mass spectrometry of isolated tryptic decapeptides has detected both c2-hexosylated tryptophan (w1) and c2-hexosylated hydroxytryptophan (w2), the latter of which is redox active. the uv absorbance spectrum of w2 is consistent with 7-hydroxytryptophan, which represents an intriguing new theme for bioinspired opportunistic wet adhesion.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.jbc.org/content/284/35/23344.full.pdf", "petalID": 490, "doi": "10.1038/S41467-019-13660-X", "level1": ["assemble/break_down_structure", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["physically_assemble_structure", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "protect_from_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13660-x", "mag_terms": ["biofilm", "antibiotic resistance", "drug resistance", "extracellular polymeric substance", "bacterial genetics", "antimicrobial", "bacteria", "escherichia coli", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": ["perna viridis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.023255813953488], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ {"paper": "W2006764324", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V105243760"], "venue_names": ["Applied Physics Letters", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A1235550546", "A2054266041", "A2422331109", "A1544807038", "A688105904"], "author_names": ["Roman Pogreb", "Gene Whyman", "Reuven Barayev", "Edward Bormashenko", "Doron Aurbach"], "reference_ids": ["W2063822786", "W1987803182", "W2075123437", "W2163400195", "W2039542306", "W2485244922", "W2123403892", "W2086009140", "W2164023377", "W2023428826", "W2152123134", "W2000940967", "W2087148380", "W1997238500", "W2057507710", "W2013179954", "W2118166595", "W2170338958", "W1975140804", "W2014468521", "W2114157430", "W2009217681", "W2035399405", "W2012519868", "W2040057046", "W2118478661", "W1975322389", "W1999522375", "W2076187539"], "title": "A reliable method of manufacturing metallic hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces", "abstract": "a method of manufacturing hierarchical metallic surfaces demonstrating superhydrophobic properties is presented. the surfaces showed apparent contact angles as high as 153\u00b0 and sliding angles of 10\u00b0 for 50\u2013100\u2002\u03bcl droplets. the cassie-like model [a. b. d. cassie and s. baxter, trans. faraday soc. 40, 546 (1944)], considering the hierarchical topography of the relief, predicts apparent contact angles in a satisfactory agreement with the measured values.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 493, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1091288", "level1": ["modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["change_chemical_color/pigmentation"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14716016/", "mag_terms": ["euprymna scolopes", "reflectin", "isoleucine", "alanine", "methionine", "lysine", "leucine", "sepiolidae", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["cassie"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.05], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2046283922", "mesh_terms": ["Ants", "Nesting Behavior", "Animals", "Ants", "Computer Simulation", "Likelihood Functions", "Models, Biological", "Nesting Behavior", "Time Factors"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Journal of Morphology"], "author_ids": ["A1944501357", "A2135493836", "A2545187636", "A2460310666", "A1683981078", "A2089298275"], "author_names": ["Nigel R. Franks", "Thomas O. Richardson", "Samantha Keir", "Stephen J. Inge", "Frederic Bartumeus", "Ana B. Sendova-Franks"], "reference_ids": ["W2039217377", "W2052229889", "W2004735268", "W2037339449", "W1968905590", "W2038106403", "W2074397232", "W2154049270", "W2051094881", "W2169876171", "W2125899695", "W2796985193", "W1966750113", "W2096895518", "W3104972386", "W2039353208", "W2170486501", "W70948400", "W1816275442", "W2084027950", "W2166996723", "W2159846797", "W2134061862", "W1990967997", "W2114577239", "W1964831276", "W2039704093", "W2040675064", "W2151367936", "W2017831033", "W2000042664", "W1992343120", "W2163056986", "W2073094423", "W2163316275", "W2164481380", "W1991108929", "W2084750247", "W2168917328", "W2016163179", "W1609173689", "W2049832396", "W1675447180", "W2024572874", "W2089999063", "W55331355", "W2102992050", "W2043476458", "W2099226166", "W2136508791"], "title": "Ant search strategies after interrupted tandem runs", "abstract": "tandem runs are a form of recruitment in ants. during a tandem run, a single leader teaches one follower the route to important resources such as sources of food or better nest sites. in the present study, we investigate what tandem leaders and followers do, in the context of nest emigration, if their partner goes missing. our experiments involved removing either leaders or followers at set points during tandem runs. former leaders first stand still and wait for their missing follower but then most often proceed alone to the new nest site. by contrast, former followers often first engage in a brownian search, for almost exactly the time that their former leader should have waited for them, and then former followers switch to a superdiffusive search. in this way, former followers first search their immediate neighbourhood for their lost leader before becoming ever more wide ranging so that in the absence of their former leader they can often find the new nest, re-encounter the old one or meet a new leader. we also show that followers gain useful information even from incomplete tandem runs. these observations point to the important principle that sophisticated communication behaviours may have evolved as anytime algorithms, i.e. procedures that are beneficial even if they do not run to completion.\n\n* aic\n akaike's information criterion\n ci\n confidence interval\n ip\n interruption point\n ks\n kolmogorov\u2013smirnov\n lgut\n leader giving up time\n lr\n likelihood ratio\n mc\n monte carlo\n r.m.s.\n root mean square\n spwmc\n sequential point-wise model comparison\n tpl\n truncated power law\n waic\n akaike weights", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/10/1697.full.pdf", "petalID": 494, "doi": "10.1002/JMOR.10011", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_mechanical_energy", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmor.10011", "mag_terms": ["insect mouthparts", "sarcomere", "arthropod mouthparts", "trophallaxis", "biomechanics", "insect", "foraging", "licking", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2000022009", "mesh_terms": ["Lichens", "Lichens", "Acid Rain", "Dust", "Gases", "Gases", "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "Lichens", "Lichens", "Microscopy, Electron", "Photosynthesis", "Rain"], "venue_ids": ["V148694123"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Plant Physiology", "Plant Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2066663588", "A654095755", "A2147918412", "A2019266542"], "author_names": ["Neil Shirtcliffe", "F. Brian Pyatt", "Michael I. Newton", "Glen McHale"], "reference_ids": ["W1979430503", "W2063822786", "W2002161386", "W2025604172", "W2042254650", "W1983084194", "W2050544841", "W1968358148", "W2059057202", "W2114936920", "W2118166595", "W2152808810", "W1981910082", "W2026325087"], "title": "A lichen protected by a super-hydrophobic and breathable structure", "abstract": "a species of lichen, lecanora conizaeoides, is shown to be super-hydrophobic. it uses a combination of hydrophobic compounds and multi-layered roughness to shed water effectively. this is combined with gas channels to produce a biological analogue of a waterproof, breathable garment. the particular lichen grows mostly during wet seasons and is unusually resistant to acid rain [hauck, m., 2003. the bryologist 106(2), 257-269; honegger, r., 1998. lichenologist 30(3),193-212]. the waterproof, breathable surface allows this lichen to photosynthesise when other species are covered with a layer of water. in addition, rainwater runs off the surface of the organism, reducing its intake of water from above and probably contributing to its resistance to acid rain.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/10109/1/183767_Postprint%2520McHale%2520JPP%2520vol%2520163%2520p1193%25202006.pdf", "petalID": 495, "doi": "10.1104/PP.101.1.31", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12231662/", "mag_terms": ["polyunsaturated fatty acid", "circadian rhythm", "period", "environmental factor", "malvaceae", "animal science", "botany", "biology", "continuous light", "fatty acid composition", "gossypium hirsutum"], "species": ["lecanora conizaeoides"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.029411764705882002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2099071847", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V152000018"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Fluid Mechanics", "New Phytologist", "Biological Letters", "PLOS ONE", "Plant Signaling & Behavior"], "author_ids": ["A2609499458", "A1750516685", "A2147977872", "A2103627655", "A313239152"], "author_names": ["David N. Beal", "Franz S. Hover", "Michael S. Triantafyllou", "James C. Liao", "George V. Lauder"], "reference_ids": ["W2009890882", "W2166995402", "W2086959402", "W2183172413", "W1934748198", "W2124673069", "W2155460757", "W1778001709", "W2117726882", "W2148177580", "W2039016619", "W2070684742", "W578153123", "W2020880717", "W2321909885", "W1512689036", "W1976957486", "W2043648657", "W1900672902", "W2046765688", "W2092768998", "W2170281457", "W2145429486", "W1964051105", "W2128730684", "W2581984674"], "title": "Passive propulsion in vortex wakes", "abstract": "a dead fish is propelled upstream when its flexible body resonates with oncoming vortices formed in the wake of a bluff cylinder, despite being well outside the suction region of the cylinder. within this passive propulsion mode, the body of the fish extracts sufficient energy from the oncoming vortices to develop thrust to overcome its own drag. in a similar turbulent wake and at roughly the same distance behind a bluff cylinder, a passively mounted high-aspect-ratio foil is also shown to propel itself upstream employing a similar flow energy extraction mechanism. in this case, mechanical energy is extracted from the flow at the same time that thrust is produced. these results prove experimentally that, under proper conditions, a body can follow at a distance or even catch up to another upstream body without expending any energy of its own. this observation is also significant in the development of low-drag energy harvesting devices, and in the energetics of fish dwelling in flowing water and swimming behind wake-forming obstacles.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 496, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0021114", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "absorb_and/or_filter_gases", "capture_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0021114", "mag_terms": ["nepenthes rajah", "mutualism", "pitcher plant", "carnivorous plant", "tupaia montana", "plant nectar", "nectar", "mammal", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["fish"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022222222222222], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2099071847", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V152000018"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Fluid Mechanics", "New Phytologist", "Biological Letters", "PLOS ONE", "Plant Signaling & Behavior"], "author_ids": ["A2609499458", "A1750516685", "A2147977872", "A2103627655", "A313239152"], "author_names": ["David N. Beal", "Franz S. Hover", "Michael S. Triantafyllou", "James C. Liao", "George V. Lauder"], "reference_ids": ["W2009890882", "W2166995402", "W2086959402", "W2183172413", "W1934748198", "W2124673069", "W2155460757", "W1778001709", "W2117726882", "W2148177580", "W2039016619", "W2070684742", "W578153123", "W2020880717", "W2321909885", "W1512689036", "W1976957486", "W2043648657", "W1900672902", "W2046765688", "W2092768998", "W2170281457", "W2145429486", "W1964051105", "W2128730684", "W2581984674"], "title": "Passive propulsion in vortex wakes", "abstract": "a dead fish is propelled upstream when its flexible body resonates with oncoming vortices formed in the wake of a bluff cylinder, despite being well outside the suction region of the cylinder. within this passive propulsion mode, the body of the fish extracts sufficient energy from the oncoming vortices to develop thrust to overcome its own drag. in a similar turbulent wake and at roughly the same distance behind a bluff cylinder, a passively mounted high-aspect-ratio foil is also shown to propel itself upstream employing a similar flow energy extraction mechanism. in this case, mechanical energy is extracted from the flow at the same time that thrust is produced. these results prove experimentally that, under proper conditions, a body can follow at a distance or even catch up to another upstream body without expending any energy of its own. this observation is also significant in the development of low-drag energy harvesting devices, and in the energetics of fish dwelling in flowing water and swimming behind wake-forming obstacles.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 496, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0021114", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "absorb_and/or_filter_gases", "capture_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0021114", "mag_terms": ["nepenthes rajah", "mutualism", "pitcher plant", "carnivorous plant", "tupaia montana", "plant nectar", "nectar", "mammal", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["fish"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022222222222222], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2076690160", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V105243760"], "venue_names": ["Applied Physics Letters", "American Journal of Botany", "Yearbook of the Carnegie Institute of Washington", "Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"], "author_ids": ["A2848081620", "A2122130457", "A2130928796", "A2158883436"], "author_names": ["Jaehyun Kim", "Jun Hyuk Moon", "Seung-Yop Lee", "Jungyul Park"], "reference_ids": ["W2008726717", "W2048872349", "W2057761231", "W2079826606", "W2058541747", "W2132645916", "W2045650902", "W2249374132", "W2058489514", "W1966160194", "W2092274777", "W1964579350", "W1983532921", "W2122114257", "W2077024043", "W2013541735", "W1999608345", "W2066223803", "W2010950172"], "title": "Biologically inspired humidity sensor based on three-dimensional photonic crystals", "abstract": "this letter presents a biomimetic humidity sensor inspired by the humidity-dependent color change observed in the cuticle of the hercules beetle. a thin-film-type humidity sensor with nanoporous structures (three-dimensional photonic crystals) mimicking the spongy multilayer in the beetles was designed and fabricated using the colloidal templating method and a hydrophilic surface treatment. the visible color of the fabricated humidity sensor changes from blue-green to red as the environmental humidity increases. the wavelength of reflected light that is predicted by bragg\u2019s equation considering the effect of water absorption shows a good agreement with experimental results.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 497, "doi": "10.1002/J.1537-2197.1984.TB12506.X", "level1": ["modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["change_structural_color"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1984.tb12506.x", "mag_terms": ["selaginella willdenowii", "iridescence", "selaginella uncinata", "selaginella", "ultrastructure", "botany", "biology", "spectral data"], "species": ["beetles"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.028571428571428], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2085058760", "mesh_terms": ["Sharks", "Visual Fields", "Animals", "Head", "Head", "Head", "Movement", "Movement", "Pupil", "Pupil", "Rotation", "Sharks", "Sharks", "Visual Fields"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Journal of Comparative Physiology A"], "author_ids": ["A2700294029", "A2286739477", "A678161484"], "author_names": ["D. M. McComb", "Timothy C. Tricas", "Stephen M. Kajiura"], "reference_ids": ["W2084437132", "W2323421266", "W2171729789", "W1507653370", "W2039321057", "W2097013833", "W2130534187", "W84100299", "W2313863310", "W1974706788", "W2160681981", "W2318517747", "W150570126", "W2104840157", "W1582707162", "W1975036458", "W2024935827", "W161585043", "W2092687977", "W570265017", "W1600156900", "W1962124582", "W2018248239", "W2075218762", "W2088053071", "W2145613030", "W2164743219", "W3001315002", "W2053610091", "W2292060522", "W2097113722"], "title": "Enhanced visual fields in hammerhead sharks", "abstract": "several factors that influence the evolution of the unusual head morphology of hammerhead sharks (family sphyrnidae) are proposed but few are empirically tested. in this study we tested the 'enhanced binocular field' hypothesis (that proposes enhanced frontal binocularity) by comparison of the visual fields of three hammerhead species: the bonnethead shark, sphyrna tiburo, the scalloped hammerhead shark, sphyrna lewini, and the winghead shark, eusphyra blochii, with that of two carcharhinid species: the lemon shark, negaprion brevirostris, and the blacknose shark, carcharhinus acronotus. additionally, eye rotation and head yaw were quantified to determine if species compensate for large blind areas anterior to the head. the winghead shark possessed the largest anterior binocular overlap (48 deg.) and was nearly four times larger than that of the lemon (10 deg.) and blacknose (11 deg.) sharks. the binocular overlap in the scalloped hammerhead sharks (34 deg.) was greater than the bonnethead sharks (13 deg.) and carcharhinid species; however, the bonnethead shark did not differ from the carcharhinids. these results indicate that binocular overlap has increased with lateral head expansion in hammerhead sharks. the hammerhead species did not demonstrate greater eye rotation in the anterior or posterior direction. however, both the scalloped hammerhead and bonnethead sharks exhibited greater head yaw during swimming (16.9 deg. and 15.6 deg., respectively) than the lemon (15.1 deg.) and blacknose (15.0 deg.) sharks, indicating a behavioral compensation for the anterior blind area. this study illustrates the larger binocular overlap in hammerhead species relative to their carcharhinid sister taxa and is consistent with the 'enhanced binocular field' hypothesis.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/212/24/4010.full.pdf", "petalID": 498, "doi": "10.1007/BF00611243", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_light_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00611243?LI=true", "mag_terms": ["egretta", "body movement", "heron", "predation", "reef", "refraction", "underwater", "geodesy", "geology", "optics", "head position"], "species": ["negaprion brevirostris", "carcharhinus", "lemon", "lemon shark", "sphyrna lewini", "eusphyra blochii", "sphyrna", "blacknose shark", "negaprion", "scalloped hammerhead", "bonnethead", "sharks", "carcharhinus acronotus", "sphyrna tiburo"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010416666666666, 0.010416666666666, 0.03125, 0.010416666666666, 0.010416666666666, 0.010416666666666, 0.020833333333333003, 0.010416666666666, 0.010416666666666, 0.0, 0.041666666666666005, 0.072916666666666, 0.010416666666666, 0.010416666666666], "relative_relevancy": [0.14285714285714202, 0.14285714285714202, 0.42857142857142805, 0.14285714285714202, 0.14285714285714202, 0.14285714285714202, 0.28571428571428503, 0.14285714285714202, 0.14285714285714202, 0.0, 0.5714285714285711, 1.0, 0.14285714285714202, 0.14285714285714202]}, {"paper": "W1971833794", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V114498453"], "venue_names": ["Waterbirds", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2134827982", "A2713704000"], "author_names": ["Cornelis Swennen", "Yat-Tung Yu"], "reference_ids": ["W2335263255", "W2078768148", "W2180596645", "W2318051102", "W1591948445", "W2058139046", "W616259794", "W637794951", "W2260709445", "W2068341432", "W2146564065", "W2173805413", "W2938463896", "W2312328072"], "title": "Food and Feeding Behavior of the Black-faced Spoonbill", "abstract": "abstract feeding black-faced spoonbills (platalea minor) were studied in four main areas along the coasts of south korea, taiwan, china and vietnam. they fed on nekton, mainly fish and shrimps, varying in length between 2-21 cm that were caught by sweeping the bill in the water. the feeding behavior of a spoonbill is a chain of feeding and inter-feeding bouts. each feeding bout started by putting the bill into the water and ended when the bill was taken out and any prey captured was swallowed. the times between feeding bouts were short and no or few steps were made. in a complete feeding bout, up to three functional phases were distinguished. these were successively (1) the attempt to locate a prey, (2) the attempt to catch the located prey, (3) the handling and swallowing of the prey. a feeding bout could end in any phase. a total of 1,684 feeding bouts were recorded of which 65% ended with swallowing prey. the mean outcome was 45.4 small ( 5 cm long) prey per 10 min. tentative...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 499, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1096340", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/305/5682/402", "mag_terms": ["honey bee", "brood", "nest", "genetic diversity", "mating", "aculeata", "hymenoptera", "apidae", "biology", "ecology"], "species": ["platalea minor", "black-faced spoonbill"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0, 0]}, @@ -515,8 +515,8 @@ {"paper": "W2171330942", "mesh_terms": ["Pinus", "Plant Roots", "Agriculture", "Models, Biological", "Pinus", "Plant Roots", "Trees", "Trees"], "venue_ids": ["V205086949"], "venue_names": ["American Journal of Botany", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A139450306", "A2097234080"], "author_names": ["Emilie Tarroux", "Annie DesRochers"], "reference_ids": ["W2041464907", "W1656851679", "W1923567349", "W2058516545", "W2014774387", "W2020444124", "W1543712355", "W1970583485", "W74870993", "W2017629956", "W2020055609", "W2080337369", "W2008200025", "W2116792598", "W1995049556", "W2069410464", "W2092088163", "W3005774411", "W1561012136", "W3086315876", "W1983334655", "W1530839606", "W1541320621", "W2062402288", "W1970181363", "W1505889221", "W2081390885", "W2029733813", "W1983103770", "W2093544472", "W2013280787", "W2055194457", "W1978470145", "W2167390707", "W2003737193"], "title": "Effect of natural root grafting on growth response of jack pine (Pinus banksiana; Pinaceae).", "abstract": "\u0081 premise of study: trees are traditionally considered as distinct entities even though they can share a communal root system through root grafts, which are morphological unions between two or more roots. little is known regarding the ecological signifi cance of natural root grafting, but because grafted trees can share resources and secondary compounds, growth of linked trees can be affected directly by the presence of root grafts. traditional forest ecology concepts may have to be revised to include direct interactions between connected trees. \u0081 methods: we hydraulically excavated six 30 \u2013 50-m 2 plots (three natural stands and three plantations). we measured yearly radial growth and determined the infl uence of root grafting on radial growth of grafted trees. \u0081 key results: during periods of root graft formation, root grafting tended to reduce radial growth of jack pine trees, after which growth generally increased. the infl uence of root grafting on growth was more signifi cant in natural stands, where root grafting was more frequent than in plantations. \u0081 conclusions: these results suggest that root grafting initially is an energetically costly process but that it is afterward nonprejudicial and maybe benefi cial to tree growth. the use of a communal root system allows for a maximum use of resources by redistributing them among trees, leading to increased tree growth.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 513, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.032615", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_light_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/212/24/4010", "mag_terms": ["hammerhead shark", "bonnethead", "eusphyra blochii", "sphyrna lewini", "negaprion brevirostris", "sphyrna", "carcharhinus acronotus", "binocular vision", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["pine", "jack pine"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014925373134328, 0.014925373134328], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2024426222", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V67425620"], "venue_names": ["Advanced Materials Research", "Animal Behaviour", "Waterbirds", "Journal of Avian Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World"], "author_ids": ["A2211119259", "A2097316614", "A3051337124"], "author_names": ["Yan Lei Peng", "Cun Guo Lin", "Li Wang"], "reference_ids": ["W2068298719"], "title": "The Preliminary Study on Antifouling Mechanism of Shark Skin", "abstract": "biofouling, which is the result of marine organisms settling, attaching, and growing on submerged marine surfaces, is a usually-seeing phenomenon for the ocean-going ships and submarines. and, it can decrease the range, speed, and maneuverability of these vessels and increase the fuel consumption. contrarily, the sharks remain largely free of bioadhesion despite spending their entire lives submerged. the sharks have placoid scales, which consist of rectangular base embedded in the skin with tiny spines that poke up from the surface. it is found that this special structure can make great deal of function for antifouling. in our report, parallel works for antifouling mechanisms were motivated by triakidae shark feeding, observations on shark skin, and the experiments of benthic diatoms adhesion and mytilus edulis byssus attachment. and, the optical configurations were acquired by using 3d video microscope and environment scanning electron microscope (esem). the results showed that, the benthic diatoms adhesion on the naked skin of living sharks was obviously fewer than the dead ones, and could not be found on the surface of placoid scales. as the time progressed, the rate of mytilus edulis byssus attachment reduced gradually. it was thought that, the water turbulent boundary on the surface was changed greatly and innumerable minimal vortex was generated when the water flow on the shark skin. the strong exchange of momentum in a turbulent boundary layer would produce high-speed lumps approaching the surface, which could develop strong shear stress. benthic diatoms and mussel could not attached firmly or be cleared easily when the shear stress became stronger than the adhesion power of these organisms. after finding the real working mechanism of antifouling for sharks, it could be used to direct the progresses of synthesizing biomimetic coatings or materials with antifouling performance in the future.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 514, "doi": "10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0019:FAFBOT]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "active_movement", "passive_movement"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bioone.org/journals/waterbirds/volume-28/issue-1/1524-4695(2005)028%5b0019%3aFAFBOT%5d2.0.CO%3b2/Food-and-Feeding-Behavior-of-the-Black-faced-Spoonbill/10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0019:FAFBOT]2.0.CO;2.short", "mag_terms": ["platalea minor", "spoonbill", "predation", "nekton", "zoology", "ecology", "biology", "black faced spoonbill", "feeding behavior", "fish actinopterygii"], "species": ["mytilus edulis", "diatoms", "triakidae", "sharks"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022727272727272003, 0.034090909090909005, 0.011363636363636001, 0.045454545454545005], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.7499999999999991, 0.25, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1968472235", "mesh_terms": ["Communication", "Songbirds", "Vocalization, Animal", "Animals", "Auditory Perception", "Behavior, Animal", "Pitch Discrimination", "Predatory Behavior", "Songbirds", "Strigiformes"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2789665948", "A2135278118"], "author_names": ["Christopher N. Templeton", "Erick Greene"], "reference_ids": ["W2148946850", "W3037893967", "W657485465", "W2326831660", "W1967235212", "W2117451296", "W2026663346", "W2055561730", "W2073302369", "W2476543498", "W2161807547", "W2025802473", "W2065277193", "W2139465406", "W1968040578", "W2076924389", "W2039448267", "W2036580322", "W2161230785", "W2026844601", "W2049901357", "W2057736309", "W1986481252", "W2005473385", "W2042196037", "W2105056174", "W1990453375", "W1971207310", "W2011019466"], "title": "Nuthatches eavesdrop on variations in heterospecific chickadee mobbing alarm calls.", "abstract": "many animals recognize the alarm calls produced by other species, but the amount of information they glean from these eavesdropped signals is unknown. we previously showed that black-capped chickadees (poecile atricapillus) have a sophisticated alarm call system in which they encode complex information about the size and risk of potential predators in variations of a single type of mobbing alarm call. here we show experimentally that red-breasted nuthatches (sitta canadensis) respond appropriately to subtle variations of these heterospecific \u201cchick-a-dee\u201d alarm calls, thereby evidencing that they have gained important information about potential predators in their environment. this study demonstrates a previously unsuspected level of discrimination in intertaxon eavesdropping.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/104/13/5479.full.pdf", "petalID": 515, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1003599107", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["expel_liquids", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/107/34/15129", "mag_terms": ["particle size", "particle", "salp", "range", "filtration", "pellets", "zooplankton", "filter feeder", "mineralogy", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["poecile atricapillus", "black-capped chickadee", "sitta canadensis", "red-breasted nuthatch"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0, 0, 0, 0]}, - {"paper": "W2013322209", "mesh_terms": ["Silk", "Spiders", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Phylogeny", "Predatory Behavior", "Silk", "Spiders", "Spiders"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Journal of Chemical Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A137432378", "A2155977079"], "author_names": ["Brent D. Opell", "Mary L. Hendricks"], "reference_ids": ["W1629051378", "W2022094862", "W2179123567", "W2136506788", "W2611511275", "W2107158460", "W2160111243", "W2479430138", "W2170687524", "W2019919640", "W2073354582", "W2116629866", "W2034277027", "W2136043357", "W1977867150", "W2132115645", "W1981254367", "W2768297640", "W1964573303", "W1981030871", "W2133719277", "W2017375370", "W2185555693", "W631386150", "W2027985597", "W2312666443", "W2924689495", "W1998141686", "W658049779", "W1244519910", "W2018846004", "W2118614594", "W2034962948", "W2127806605", "W2152332625"], "title": "The role of granules within viscous capture threads of orb-weaving spiders", "abstract": "sticky viscous prey capture threads form the spiral elements of spider orb-webs and are responsible for retaining insects that strike a web. these threads are formed of regularly spaced aqueous droplets that surround a pair of supporting axial fibers. when a thread is flattened on a microscope slide a small, opaque granule can usually be seen within each droplet. these granules have been thought to be the glycoprotein glue that imparts thread adhesion. both independent contrast and standard regressions showed that granule size is directly related to droplet volume and indicated that granule volume is about 15% of droplet volume. we attempted to find support for the hypothesized adhesive role of granules by establishing an association between the contact surface area and volume of these granules and the stickiness of the viscous threads of 16 species in the context of a six-variable model that describes thread stickiness. however, we found that granule size made either an insignificant or a small negative contribution to thread stickiness. consequently, we hypothesize that granules serve to anchor larger, surrounding layers of transparent glycoprotein glue to the axial fibers of the thread, thereby equipping droplets to resist slippage on the axial fibers as these droplets generate adhesion, elongate under a load, and transfer force to the axial fibers.\n\n* app\n the contact surface area of flattened primary and secondary droplets on a contact plate\n dl\n primary droplet length\n dw\n primary droplet width\n edn\n the total droplet equivalents that contribute to a thread's stickiness on a contact plate\n ga\n contact surface area of a granule in a primary droplet\n gapp\n total surface area of granules in primary droplets adhering to a contact plate\n gl\n length of a granule in a primary droplet\n gv\n volume of a granule in a primary droplet\n gvpp\n total volume of granules in primary droplets adhering to a plate\n gw\n width of a granule in a primary droplet\n pdpp\n primary droplets per contact plate\n ph2o\n proportion of water in a primary droplet\n pv\n volume of a primary droplet\n re\n residual extensibility of a thread\n sdpp\n number of secondary droplets per contact plate\n shape\n twice the focal length of a parabola defined by the lower half of a primary droplet\n svpp\n total secondary droplet volume per contact plate\n t\n thickness of a flattened primary droplet, determined by dividing its pv by its flattened area", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/2/339.full.pdf", "petalID": 516, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0707198104", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "manage populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_plants"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/104/43/16964", "mag_terms": ["amino acid", "rhizosphere", "phenylalanine", "exudate", "tyrosine", "phytotoxicity", "arabidopsis thaliana", "acid hydrolysis", "biochemistry", "chemistry", "botany"], "species": ["insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.006849315068493], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2168598871", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V174303711", "V174303711"], "venue_names": ["Functional Ecology", "Functional Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A1269615706", "A1370197775"], "author_names": ["Markku Larjavaara", "Helene C. Muller-Landau"], "reference_ids": ["W1553682677", "W2018984787", "W2121492789", "W2089795799", "W2156582285", "W2173952255", "W1614755592", "W2127474289", "W2039463990", "W1582972914", "W1572027288", "W2759056832", "W1967846737", "W2412694843", "W2069028098", "W1784165501", "W2098491976", "W2316615474", "W2121652448", "W2158155342", "W1984032199", "W2057943976", "W2048416149"], "title": "Rethinking the value of high wood density", "abstract": "summary 1. current thinking holds that wood density mediates a tradeoff between strength and economy of construction, with higher wood density providing higher strength but at higher cost. 2. yet the further away wood fibres are from the central axis of the trunk, the more they increase the strength of the trunk; thus, a fat trunk of low-density wood can achieve greater strength at lower construction cost than a thin trunk of high-density wood. 3. what then are the countervailing advantages of high wood density? 4. we hypothesize that high wood density is associated with lower maintenance costs due to lower trunk surface area, as surface area correlates with maintenance respiration. 5. this advantage would be particularly important to long-lived trees and could in part explain why they tend to have high wood density. 6. high wood density has also been associated with lower risk of trunk breakage, xylem implosion and pathogen invasion, but we argue that these relationships are not causal and instead reflect correlated selection on other traits of value to long-lived trees. 7. this revaluation of the costs and benefits of high wood density has important implications for understanding tree life-history evolution, functional diversity, forest carbon stocks and the impacts of global change.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01698.x", "petalID": 517, "doi": "10.1023/A:1020587206351", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "capture_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1020587206351", "mag_terms": ["anaerobic oxidation of methane", "methane", "anoxic waters", "archaea", "microbial ecology", "biogeochemistry", "greenhouse gas", "syntrophy", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2013322209", "mesh_terms": ["Silk", "Spiders", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Phylogeny", "Predatory Behavior", "Silk", "Spiders", "Spiders"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Journal of Chemical Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A137432378", "A2155977079"], "author_names": ["Brent D. Opell", "Mary L. Hendricks"], "reference_ids": ["W1629051378", "W2022094862", "W2179123567", "W2136506788", "W2611511275", "W2107158460", "W2160111243", "W2479430138", "W2170687524", "W2019919640", "W2073354582", "W2116629866", "W2034277027", "W2136043357", "W1977867150", "W2132115645", "W1981254367", "W2768297640", "W1964573303", "W1981030871", "W2133719277", "W2017375370", "W2185555693", "W631386150", "W2027985597", "W2312666443", "W2924689495", "W1998141686", "W658049779", "W1244519910", "W2018846004", "W2118614594", "W2034962948", "W2127806605", "W2152332625"], "title": "The role of granules within viscous capture threads of orb-weaving spiders", "abstract": "sticky viscous prey capture threads form the spiral elements of spider orb-webs and are responsible for retaining insects that strike a web. these threads are formed of regularly spaced aqueous droplets that surround a pair of supporting axial fibers. when a thread is flattened on a microscope slide a small, opaque granule can usually be seen within each droplet. these granules have been thought to be the glycoprotein glue that imparts thread adhesion. both independent contrast and standard regressions showed that granule size is directly related to droplet volume and indicated that granule volume is about 15% of droplet volume. we attempted to find support for the hypothesized adhesive role of granules by establishing an association between the contact surface area and volume of these granules and the stickiness of the viscous threads of 16 species in the context of a six-variable model that describes thread stickiness. however, we found that granule size made either an insignificant or a small negative contribution to thread stickiness. consequently, we hypothesize that granules serve to anchor larger, surrounding layers of transparent glycoprotein glue to the axial fibers of the thread, thereby equipping droplets to resist slippage on the axial fibers as these droplets generate adhesion, elongate under a load, and transfer force to the axial fibers.\n\n* app\n the contact surface area of flattened primary and secondary droplets on a contact plate\n dl\n primary droplet length\n dw\n primary droplet width\n edn\n the total droplet equivalents that contribute to a thread's stickiness on a contact plate\n ga\n contact surface area of a granule in a primary droplet\n gapp\n total surface area of granules in primary droplets adhering to a contact plate\n gl\n length of a granule in a primary droplet\n gv\n volume of a granule in a primary droplet\n gvpp\n total volume of granules in primary droplets adhering to a plate\n gw\n width of a granule in a primary droplet\n pdpp\n primary droplets per contact plate\n ph2o\n proportion of water in a primary droplet\n pv\n volume of a primary droplet\n re\n residual extensibility of a thread\n sdpp\n number of secondary droplets per contact plate\n shape\n twice the focal length of a parabola defined by the lower half of a primary droplet\n svpp\n total secondary droplet volume per contact plate\n t\n thickness of a flattened primary droplet, determined by dividing its pv by its flattened area", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/2/339.full.pdf", "petalID": 516, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0707198104", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_plants"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/104/43/16964", "mag_terms": ["amino acid", "rhizosphere", "phenylalanine", "exudate", "tyrosine", "phytotoxicity", "arabidopsis thaliana", "acid hydrolysis", "biochemistry", "chemistry", "botany"], "species": ["insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.006849315068493], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2168598871", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V174303711", "V174303711"], "venue_names": ["Functional Ecology", "Functional Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A1269615706", "A1370197775"], "author_names": ["Markku Larjavaara", "Helene C. Muller-Landau"], "reference_ids": ["W1553682677", "W2018984787", "W2121492789", "W2089795799", "W2156582285", "W2173952255", "W1614755592", "W2127474289", "W2039463990", "W1582972914", "W1572027288", "W2759056832", "W1967846737", "W2412694843", "W2069028098", "W1784165501", "W2098491976", "W2316615474", "W2121652448", "W2158155342", "W1984032199", "W2057943976", "W2048416149"], "title": "Rethinking the value of high wood density", "abstract": "summary 1. current thinking holds that wood density mediates a tradeoff between strength and economy of construction, with higher wood density providing higher strength but at higher cost. 2. yet the further away wood fibres are from the central axis of the trunk, the more they increase the strength of the trunk; thus, a fat trunk of low-density wood can achieve greater strength at lower construction cost than a thin trunk of high-density wood. 3. what then are the countervailing advantages of high wood density? 4. we hypothesize that high wood density is associated with lower maintenance costs due to lower trunk surface area, as surface area correlates with maintenance respiration. 5. this advantage would be particularly important to long-lived trees and could in part explain why they tend to have high wood density. 6. high wood density has also been associated with lower risk of trunk breakage, xylem implosion and pathogen invasion, but we argue that these relationships are not causal and instead reflect correlated selection on other traits of value to long-lived trees. 7. this revaluation of the costs and benefits of high wood density has important implications for understanding tree life-history evolution, functional diversity, forest carbon stocks and the impacts of global change.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01698.x", "petalID": 517, "doi": "10.1023/A:1020587206351", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "capture_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1020587206351", "mag_terms": ["anaerobic oxidation of methane", "methane", "anoxic waters", "archaea", "microbial ecology", "biogeochemistry", "greenhouse gas", "syntrophy", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W1975904475", "mesh_terms": ["Collagen", "Connective Tissue", "Echinodermata", "Animals", "Collagen", "Collagen", "Connective Tissue", "Connective Tissue", "Echinodermata", "Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome", "Humans", "Models, Biological"], "venue_ids": ["V27819959"], "venue_names": ["BioEssays", "Physics Letters B", "Journal of Thermal Biology", "Physiological Zoology", "American Journal of Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2058719513"], "author_names": ["Greg Szulgit"], "reference_ids": ["W2027549039", "W2092936351", "W2061439420", "W3204662783", "W2036075196", "W2037637706", "W2074269697", "W1980140802", "W2015643390", "W2029650333", "W2109282350", "W13979139", "W2106734809", "W2166815562", "W2486978676", "W1970447725", "W2018032164", "W2087170868", "W1572078619", "W2141489905", "W2318363779", "W2185058854", "W2053894856", "W2063272793", "W2143421246", "W2372349019", "W2060159000", "W2013361845", "W2145960053", "W1665676317", "W2138253399", "W2148709649", "W2338444628", "W1898514470", "W2322142162", "W1979041517", "W2063806874", "W2093096784", "W1985532557", "W2149099536", "W2277030622", "W42471168", "W2077989922", "W2088490211", "W1984232727", "W2266460935", "W2057316716", "W1560068742", "W2114360540", "W2133917860", "W1988147327", "W2012792811", "W2286005120", "W2396445454", "W2020337778", "W2050234611", "W1964167467"], "title": "The echinoderm collagen fibril: a hero in the connective tissue research of the 1990s.", "abstract": "collagen fibrils are some of the most-abundant and important extracellular structures in our bodies, yet we are unsure of their shape and size. this is largely due to an inherent difficulty in isolating them from their surrounding tissues. echinoderms have collagenous tissues that are similar to ours in many ways, yet they can be manipulated to easily relinquish their collagen fibrils, providing an excellent opportunity to study native fibrillar structure. in the early 1990s, they were found to defy the commonly accepted fibrillar model of the time in that they were much shorter, they were shaped like double-ended spindles, and their centers exhibited a reversal in molecular polarity. realization of these features helped to reform the questions that were being asked about vertebrate fibrils, shifting the focus toward shape and size. since then, researchers working with both groups (echinoderms and vertebrates) have worked together to find the structure of native fibrils. this information will be fundamental in understanding what holds collagenous tissues together at the fibrillar level, and could have important implications for people with ehlers-danlos syndrome.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 518, "doi": "10.1152/AJPREGU.1993.265.6.R1339", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.6.R1339", "mag_terms": ["thermoregulation", "hypothermia", "respiration", "acid base homeostasis", "oxygen", "oxygene", "alligator", "hypoxia", "endocrinology", "anatomy", "biology", "internal medicine"], "species": ["vertebrates", "echinoderms"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.024390243902439, 0.048780487804878], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2108669919", "mesh_terms": ["Carbon Dioxide", "Eucalyptus", "Mesophyll Cells", "Photosynthesis", "Water", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon Isotopes", "Cell Respiration", "Chlorophyll", "Chlorophyll", "Chloroplasts", "Chloroplasts", "Dehydration", "Electron Transport", "Eucalyptus", "Eucalyptus", "Fluorescence", "Mesophyll Cells", "Mitochondria", "Mitochondria", "Plant Stomata", "Plant Stomata", "Plant Transpiration", "Quantum Theory", "Species Specificity", "Steam", "Time Factors", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V170036492"], "venue_names": ["Plant Cell and Environment", "Science", "Journal of the American Chemical Society"], "author_ids": ["A2104267931", "A2095864677", "A2144662949"], "author_names": ["F. Javier Cano", "Rosana L\u00f3pez", "Charles R. Warren"], "reference_ids": ["W1997597677", "W2170572575", "W1513629489", "W1587578751", "W2024040398", "W2151231619", "W2160427043", "W2111151525", "W2114902929", "W2120385942", "W2156126060", "W2157366717", "W2072756938", "W2104457494", "W2133025748", "W1963796888", "W2139738409", "W1933885846", "W2002744440", "W2107853282", "W2139165023", "W2159141544", "W2128881416", "W2152409784", "W2166572485", "W2034213512", "W2099825899", "W2100826944", "W2130954962", "W2159494631", "W2140791476", "W2093446873", "W2136727913", "W2141909379", "W2000901137", "W2038740432", "W2069753613", "W2100622042", "W2125471974", "W1924973227", "W1963672851", "W2099524720", "W2108802725", "W2112211874", "W2123553007", "W2137944076", "W2140915119", "W1931383987", "W2055857767", "W1975892234", "W1988539121", "W2042294989", "W2075241957", "W2116507604", "W2118061859", "W2133262588", "W2135063946", "W2141510263", "W2158753724", "W1588863644", "W1986509684", "W1997301339", "W2109135934", "W1970479418", "W2161018585", "W1988763797", "W1981559643", "W1997097069", "W2000813345", "W2089415472", "W2148732731", "W2124011928", "W2135440345", "W2312565527", "W1922193953", "W2024864953", "W2119067812", "W2130599388", "W2136977337", "W2150528721", "W2102746674", "W2106628473", "W2155016538", "W2156716598", "W2319679567", "W1980396438", "W2152537039", "W2010297094", "W2113389258", "W2130486802", "W2159244290", "W2046857879", "W2112870079", "W2330845275", "W2617606220", "W1953489825", "W2151969797", "W2158415615", "W2113240040", "W2129024323", "W207812567", "W1983821125", "W2049807128", "W2140131090", "W2105269183"], "title": "Implications of the mesophyll conductance to CO2 for photosynthesis and water-use efficiency during long-term water stress and recovery in two contrasting Eucalyptus species", "abstract": "water stress (ws) slows growth and photosynthesis (an), but most knowledge comes from short-time studies that do not account for longer term acclimation processes that are especially relevant in tree species. using two eucalyptus species that contrast in drought tolerance, we induced moderate and severe water deficits by withholding water until stomatal conductance (gsw) decreased to two pre-defined values for 24\u2009d, ws was maintained at the target gsw for 29\u2009d and then plants were re-watered. additionally, we developed new equations to simulate the effect on mesophyll conductance (gm) of accounting for the resistance to refixation of co2. the diffusive limitations to co2, dominated by the stomata, were the most important constraints to an. full recovery of an was reached after re-watering, characterized by quick recovery of gm and even higher biochemical capacity, in contrast to the slower recovery of gsw. the acclimation to long-term ws led to decreased mesophyll and biochemical limitations, in contrast to studies in which stress was imposed more rapidly. finally, we provide evidence that higher gm under ws contributes to higher intrinsic water-use efficiency (iwue) and reduces the leaf oxidative stress, highlighting the importance of gm as a target for breeding/genetic engineering.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/pce.12325", "petalID": 519, "doi": "10.1021/JA057973P", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy", "chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja057973p", "mag_terms": ["trimethylsilyl", "tetrahydropyran", "epoxide", "stereochemistry", "cascade", "bronsted lowry acid base theory", "polymer chemistry", "group", "chemistry"], "species": ["plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015625], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W37872590", "mesh_terms": ["Acceleration", "Feeding Behavior", "Lizards", "Muscle Contraction", "Tongue", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Elasticity", "Feeding Behavior", "Fluoroscopy", "Lizards", "Lizards", "Models, Biological", "Muscle Contraction", "Tongue", "Tongue", "Tongue", "Video Recording"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Chemical Reviews", "Carbohydrate Polymers"], "author_ids": ["A2138180400", "A2119595976"], "author_names": ["Jurriaan H. de Groot", "Johan L. van Leeuwen"], "reference_ids": ["W2082095971", "W2015468944", "W2051065417", "W2159101713", "W1969887716", "W2495651577", "W2413911531", "W1608030567", "W2112043508", "W2133099885", "W2500069461", "W2057874477", "W2466717056", "W2139851473", "W140343470", "W2124349463", "W2098257449", "W2118684830", "W2163799299", "W2022650204", "W2028856993", "W2169670258", "W2267102702", "W1985716414", "W2482024022", "W2737736655", "W2116009738", "W2776104132"], "title": "Evidence for an elastic projection mechanism in the chameleon tongue.", "abstract": "to capture prey, chameleons ballistically project their tongues as far as 1.5 body lengths with accelerations of up to 500 m s2. at the core of a chameleon's tongue is a cylindrical tongue skeleton...", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1691657?pdf=render", "petalID": 520, "doi": "10.1021/ACS.CHEMREV.7B00627", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": [], "level3": ["manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00627", "mag_terms": ["nanocellulose", "surface modification", "biomass", "nanotechnology", "chemistry", "green materials", "isolation techniques"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, @@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ {"paper": "W2129652142", "mesh_terms": ["Luminescence", "Musa", "Musa", "Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid", "Color", "Fluorescent Dyes", "Fluorescent Dyes", "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "Molecular Structure", "Musa"], "venue_ids": ["V67393510"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Angewandte Chemie", "Plant Physiology", "Trees-structure and Function", "Environmental Reviews", "Planta", "Contributions to the Ecology of Halophytes"], "author_ids": ["A2231021942", "A2918043797", "A2106329807", "A2270327214", "A2086043999", "A489164514"], "author_names": ["Simone Moser", "Thomas M\u00fcller", "Marc-Olivier Ebert", "Steffen Jockusch", "Nicholas J. Turro", "Bernhard Kr\u00e4utler"], "reference_ids": ["W2125510362", "W2169034923", "W46404293", "W2026288848", "W1996777031", "W2164341408", "W647940210", "W2021168607", "W1966600552", "W1982223280", "W1995772415", "W1968782984", "W2009755246", "W1981692923", "W2147019070", "W2951898453", "W648114127", "W1987777210", "W2312698509", "W2160350502", "W2101474861", "W2108944315", "W1968167549", "W2077932947", "W622652757", "W2115966301", "W2079295216", "W3141876359", "W2134318626", "W2075533246", "W2501232064"], "title": "Blue luminescence of ripening bananas.", "abstract": "as revealed in the last two decades, chlorophyll breakdown in senescent leaves appears to occur by a largely common and well-controlled catabolic path, which rapidly furnishes non-fluorescent, colorless chlorophyll catabolites (nccs) as \u201cfinal\u201d products.[1,2] recently nccs detected in ripe apples and pears were found to be the same as those in degreened leaves, suggesting chlorophyll catabolism in leaf senescence and fruit ripening to be similar (scheme 1).[3,4]", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2912500?pdf=render", "petalID": 524, "doi": "10.1104/PP.104.046664", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/136/1/2457.full", "mag_terms": ["sodium", "soil salinity", "soil water", "potassium", "ion transporter", "saline", "botany", "agronomy", "salt", "transporter", "biology"], "species": ["pear", "apple", "pears"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.058823529411764004, 0.058823529411764004, 0.058823529411764004], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2605153393", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V79449806"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Avian Biology", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2035216145", "A2643633721", "A2623807182", "A2286897755", "A2113029776"], "author_names": ["Liliana D'Alba", "Thomas Carlsen", "\u00c1rni \u00c1sgeirsson", "Matthew D. Shawkey", "J\u00f3n Einar J\u00f3nsson"], "reference_ids": ["W2097254376", "W2179608697", "W2483796281", "W1981466731", "W2165785441", "W1534105211", "W2136250701", "W2127130033", "W2116388981", "W851169460", "W2168322565", "W2054437614", "W655265678", "W2469259100", "W2058411917", "W3205281764", "W2168318319", "W2177214599", "W1967648166", "W2077959386", "W2124270012", "W2063490511", "W2119957754", "W2332117589", "W2164405118", "W2288581977"], "title": "Contributions of feather microstructure to eider down insulation properties", "abstract": "insulation is an essential component of nest structure that helps provide incubation requirements for birds. many species of waterfowl breed in high latitudes where rapid heat loss can necessitate a high energetic input from parents and use down feathers to line their nests. common eider somateria mollissima nest down has exceptional insulating properties but the microstructural mechanisms behind the feather properties have not been thoroughly examined.\r\n\r\nhere, we hypothesized that insulating properties of nest down are correlated to down feather (plumule) microstructure. we tested the thermal efficiency (fill power) and cohesion of plumules from nests of two icelandic colonies of wild common eiders and compared them to properties of plumules of wild greylag goose anser anser. we then used electron microscopy to examine the morphological basis of feather insulating properties. we found that greylag goose down has higher fill power (i.e. traps more air) but much lower cohesion (i.e. less prone to stick together) compared to common eider down. these differences were related to interspecific variation in feather microstructure. down cohesion increased with the number of barbule microstructures (prongs) that create strong points of contact among feathers. eider down feathers also had longer barbules than greylag goose down feathers, likely increasing their air-trapping capacity. feather properties of these two species might reflect the demands of their contrasting evolutionary history. in greylag goose, a temperate, terrestrial species, plumule microstructure may optimize heat trapping. in common eiders, a diving duck that nests in arctic and subarctic waters, plumule structure may have evolved to maximize cohesion over thermal insulation, which would both reduce buoyancy during their foraging dives and enable nest down to withstand strong arctic winds.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 525, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0026490", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_external_forces"], "level3": ["manage_impact"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0026490", "mag_terms": ["poison control", "woodpecker", "head injury", "brain damage", "injury prevention", "pecking order", "skull", "head", "physical medicine and rehabilitation", "surgery", "biology"], "species": ["goose", "bird", "greylag goose", "common eider", "somateria", "birds", "anser", "waterfowl", "somateria mollissima", "duck", "dives", "anser anser"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012658227848101, 0.012658227848101, 0.012658227848101, 0.0, 0.012658227848101, 0.012658227848101, 0.012658227848101, 0.012658227848101, 0.0, 0.012658227848101, 0.012658227848101, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2140797732", "mesh_terms": ["Fuel Oils", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Insecta", "Animals", "Colony Count, Microbial", "Culture Media", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Hydrocarbons, Aromatic", "Hydrocarbons, Aromatic", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Insecta", "Larva", "Nitrogen Fixation", "Stomach", "Stomach", "Stomach"], "venue_ids": ["V158228368"], "venue_names": ["Applied and Environmental Microbiology", "Quarterly Review of Biophysics"], "author_ids": ["A2048250108", "A278563500", "A2578845096", "A2126410631", "A2733381752", "A1997912177"], "author_names": ["Dana R. Kadavy", "Bradley A. Plantz", "Christopher A. Shaw", "Jill Myatt", "Tyler A. Kokjohn", "Kenneth W. Nickerson"], "reference_ids": ["W1603107798", "W2065347117", "W2111502076", "W602436075", "W1970399725", "W2143693235", "W2061202321", "W1881586736", "W1588701731", "W2779048216", "W3110620192", "W2090938025", "W1863715486", "W2010172300", "W2219709277", "W2256338847", "W2115407301", "W2036491371", "W2104547151", "W1987150815", "W2516906946", "W1567589809", "W2476041146", "W345971536", "W2346556209", "W1965483557", "W2010813693"], "title": "Microbiology of the Oil Fly, Helaeomyia petrolei", "abstract": "helaeomyia petrolei larvae isolated from the asphalt seeps of rancho la brea in los angeles, calif., were examined for microbial gut contents. standard counts on luria-bertani, macconkey, and blood agar plates indicated ca. 2 \u00d7 105 heterotrophic bacteria per larva. the culturable bacteria represented 15 to 20% of the total population as determined by acridine orange staining. the gut itself contained large amounts of the oil, had no observable ceca, and maintained a slightly acidic ph of 6.3 to 6.5. despite the ingestion of large amounts of potentially toxic asphalt by the larvae, their guts sustained the growth of 100 to 1,000 times more bacteria than did free oil. all of the bacteria isolated were nonsporeformers and gram negative. fourteen isolates were chosen based on representative colony morphologies and were identified by using the enterotube ii and api 20e systems and fatty acid analysis. of the 14 isolates, 9 were identified as providencia rettgeri and 3 were likely acinetobacter isolates. no evidence was found that the isolates grew on or derived nutrients from the asphalt itself or that they played an essential role in insect development. regardless, any bacteria found in the oil fly larval gut are likely to exhibit pronounced solvent tolerance and may be a future source of industrially useful, solvent-tolerant enzymes.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/65/4/1477.full.pdf", "petalID": 526, "doi": "10.1017/S0033583503003883", "level1": ["modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["change_size/shape"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quarterly-reviews-of-biophysics/article/chaperoninmediated-protein-folding-fate-of-substrate-polypeptide/19AB3F18F349DA2D1E94A99F23CCA18D", "mag_terms": ["groel", "groes", "foldase", "chaperone", "chaperonin", "protein folding", "native state", "cytoplasm", "biophysics", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["providencia rettgeri", "bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016129032258064002, 0.08064516129032201], "relative_relevancy": [0.2, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2028370828", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V136529485"], "venue_names": ["Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology", "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"], "author_ids": ["A2603896144", "A2115044184"], "author_names": ["David W. Zeh", "Jeanne A. Zeh"], "reference_ids": ["W1985511401", "W1969293141", "W2172960308", "W2151212512", "W2610690030", "W105902415", "W2118860536", "W2054357916", "W2055819547", "W2159707462", "W2311761318", "W2554952853", "W1490421035", "W1993037861", "W2912072366", "W2000623481", "W2011463910", "W3126452240", "W564320318", "W2051004220", "W2119952201", "W1604756073", "W2041726628", "W2052735134", "W2160416502", "W2322715144", "W2332694356", "W190249289", "W2573285747", "W1585159514", "W1976024490", "W1548022107", "W1919833051", "W2089325551", "W2091560977", "W2333924497", "W2045602805", "W2319105895", "W2072970154", "W2132078250", "W2333945857", "W1977320179", "W2335715110", "W166337339", "W564661401", "W2161899020", "W2323481813", "W2005862991", "W2042461101", "W1985865682", "W2068302085", "W2778766788"], "title": "Dispersal-generated sexual selection in a beetle-riding pseudoscorpion", "abstract": "after several generations within a decaying tree (ficus spp.), populations of the pseudoscorpion cordylochernes scorpioides disperse by climbing under the elytra of harlequin beetles (acrocinus longimanus) eclosing from the tree. because the beetles then fly to newly-decaying ficus for mating and oviposition, they act as effective dispersal agents. field experiments and observations indicate that this dispersal mode has been exploited by males who compete to remain on a beetle as a strategic site for inseminating females dispersing on it and on other beetles. whereas beetles just eclosed from old trees carried large, female-biased groups of dispersing pseudoscorpions, beetles captured after their maiden flight generally carried a single large male. multivariate morphometric analyses indicated that these beetle-riding males were much larger than individuals randomly sampled from trees, with fighting traits exhibiting the greatest potential for selection (highest \u201cphoretic\u201d differentials). in females, sexual receptivity was significantly higher at the beginning of dispersal than at the end, suggesting that mating occurs on beetles. field experiments confirmed that on-beetle insemination does take place and that small males are displaced from the \u201csubelytral space\u201d by larger rivals. by contrast, laboratory experiments suggest that large male size may not confer high mating success under the low-density conditions which characterize populations within trees. thus, in addition to indicating a novel role for dispersal in the evolution of exaggerated male traits, this study suggests that oscillating sexual selection may be important in the maintenance of the extreme phenotypic variation exhibited by males of this species.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 527, "doi": "10.1002/IBD.20633", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/article/15/1/128/4647656", "mag_terms": ["hygiene hypothesis", "helminths", "immune system", "adoptive immunity", "inflammatory bowel disease", "immunology", "biology", "immunological diseases"], "species": ["harlequin", "pseudoscorpions", "cordylochernes scorpioides", "acrocinus longimanus", "beetles"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012048192771084001, 0.012048192771084001, 0.012048192771084001, 0.0, 0.07228915662650601], "relative_relevancy": [0.16666666666666602, 0.16666666666666602, 0.16666666666666602, 0.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2028370828", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V136529485"], "venue_names": ["Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology", "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"], "author_ids": ["A2603896144", "A2115044184"], "author_names": ["David W. Zeh", "Jeanne A. Zeh"], "reference_ids": ["W1985511401", "W1969293141", "W2172960308", "W2151212512", "W2610690030", "W105902415", "W2118860536", "W2054357916", "W2055819547", "W2159707462", "W2311761318", "W2554952853", "W1490421035", "W1993037861", "W2912072366", "W2000623481", "W2011463910", "W3126452240", "W564320318", "W2051004220", "W2119952201", "W1604756073", "W2041726628", "W2052735134", "W2160416502", "W2322715144", "W2332694356", "W190249289", "W2573285747", "W1585159514", "W1976024490", "W1548022107", "W1919833051", "W2089325551", "W2091560977", "W2333924497", "W2045602805", "W2319105895", "W2072970154", "W2132078250", "W2333945857", "W1977320179", "W2335715110", "W166337339", "W564661401", "W2161899020", "W2323481813", "W2005862991", "W2042461101", "W1985865682", "W2068302085", "W2778766788"], "title": "Dispersal-generated sexual selection in a beetle-riding pseudoscorpion", "abstract": "after several generations within a decaying tree (ficus spp.), populations of the pseudoscorpion cordylochernes scorpioides disperse by climbing under the elytra of harlequin beetles (acrocinus longimanus) eclosing from the tree. because the beetles then fly to newly-decaying ficus for mating and oviposition, they act as effective dispersal agents. field experiments and observations indicate that this dispersal mode has been exploited by males who compete to remain on a beetle as a strategic site for inseminating females dispersing on it and on other beetles. whereas beetles just eclosed from old trees carried large, female-biased groups of dispersing pseudoscorpions, beetles captured after their maiden flight generally carried a single large male. multivariate morphometric analyses indicated that these beetle-riding males were much larger than individuals randomly sampled from trees, with fighting traits exhibiting the greatest potential for selection (highest \u201cphoretic\u201d differentials). in females, sexual receptivity was significantly higher at the beginning of dispersal than at the end, suggesting that mating occurs on beetles. field experiments confirmed that on-beetle insemination does take place and that small males are displaced from the \u201csubelytral space\u201d by larger rivals. by contrast, laboratory experiments suggest that large male size may not confer high mating success under the low-density conditions which characterize populations within trees. thus, in addition to indicating a novel role for dispersal in the evolution of exaggerated male traits, this study suggests that oscillating sexual selection may be important in the maintenance of the extreme phenotypic variation exhibited by males of this species.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 527, "doi": "10.1002/IBD.20633", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "manage_populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/article/15/1/128/4647656", "mag_terms": ["hygiene hypothesis", "helminths", "immune system", "adoptive immunity", "inflammatory bowel disease", "immunology", "biology", "immunological diseases"], "species": ["harlequin", "pseudoscorpions", "cordylochernes scorpioides", "acrocinus longimanus", "beetles"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012048192771084001, 0.012048192771084001, 0.012048192771084001, 0.0, 0.07228915662650601], "relative_relevancy": [0.16666666666666602, 0.16666666666666602, 0.16666666666666602, 0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2296855263", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V22862804"], "venue_names": ["Physics of Fluids", "American Journal of Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2020161114", "A1711454955"], "author_names": ["Aaron Boomsma", "Fotis Sotiropoulos"], "reference_ids": ["W2023513362", "W2071090887", "W2131537960", "W1994263775", "W2168865104", "W2140153041", "W2086620837", "W2115719646", "W2137041556", "W2156015069", "W2159279765", "W2165350031", "W2156997338", "W1981021661", "W2057558617", "W2069376151", "W2131157840", "W2120015521", "W1640599085", "W2059501715", "W2059578726", "W2116213259", "W2171576824", "W2318636239", "W2124963636"], "title": "Direct numerical simulation of sharkskin denticles in turbulent channel flow", "abstract": "the hydrodynamic function of sharkskin has been under investigation for the past 30 years. current literature conflicts on whether sharkskin is able to reduce skin friction similar to riblets. to contribute insights toward reconciling these conflicting views, direct numerical simulations are carried out to obtain detailed flow fields around realistic denticles. a sharp interface immersed boundary method is employed to simulate two arrangements of actual sharkskin denticles (from isurus oxyrinchus) in a turbulent boundary layer at re\u03c4 \u2248 180. for comparison, turbulent flow over drag-reducing scalloped riblets is also simulated with similar flow conditions and with the same numerical method. although the denticles resemble riblets, both sharkskin arrangements increase total drag by 44%-50%, while the riblets reduce drag by 5%. analysis of the simulated flow fields shows that the turbulent flow around denticles is highly three-dimensional and separated, with 25% of the total drag being form drag. the complex three-dimensional shape of the denticles gives rise to a mean flow dominated by strong secondary flows in sharp contrast with the mean flow generated by riblets, which is largely two-dimensional. the so resulting three-dimensionality of sharkskin flows leads to an increase in the magnitude of the turbulent statistics near the denticles, which further contributes to increasing the total drag. the simulations also show that, at least for the simulated arrangements, sharkskin, in sharp contrast with drag-reducing riblets, is unable to isolate high shear stress near denticle ridges causing a significant portion of the denticle surface to be exposed to high mean shear.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 528, "doi": "10.3732/AJB.1000261", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3732/ajb.1000261", "mag_terms": ["root system", "grafting", "pinaceae", "dendrochronology", "forest ecology", "horticulture", "botany", "biology", "root", "jack pine", "pinus genus"], "species": ["isurus oxyrinchus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0125], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2065901232", "mesh_terms": ["Strongylocentrotus purpuratus", "Vision, Ocular", "Animals", "Behavior, Animal", "Behavior, Animal", "Form Perception", "Form Perception", "Motor Activity", "Motor Activity", "Orientation", "Orientation", "Strongylocentrotus purpuratus", "Vision, Ocular"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics", "Advanced Materials Research", "Biointerphases"], "author_ids": ["A2106519036", "A2100228397"], "author_names": ["D. Yerramilli", "S\u00f6nke Johnsen"], "reference_ids": ["W2079187346", "W1552431941", "W2167028389", "W1504905495", "W1998458540", "W2123297568", "W2153165215", "W2015311975", "W1989636360", "W2002745710", "W2508706339", "W2010614795", "W310766676", "W2070783235", "W2158422725", "W2007909690", "W2102468065", "W1583898325", "W2167974408", "W2076319752", "W1587060593", "W2002928212", "W2337720067", "W2796985193", "W2035108601", "W2032966208", "W2092259505"], "title": "Spatial vision in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Echinoidea)", "abstract": "recent evidence that echinoids of the genus echinometra have moderate visual acuity that appears to be mediated by their spines screening off-axis light suggests that the urchin strongylocentrotus purpuratus, with its higher spine density, may have even more acute spatial vision. we analyzed the movements of 39 specimens of s. purpuratus after they were placed in the center of a featureless tank containing a round, black target that had an angular diameter of 6.5 deg. or 10 deg. (solid angles of 0.01 sr and 0.024 sr, respectively). an average orientation vector for each urchin was determined by testing the animal four times, with the target placed successively at bearings of 0 deg., 90 deg., 180 deg. and 270 deg. (relative to magnetic east). the urchins showed no significant unimodal or axial orientation relative to any non-target feature of the environment or relative to the changing position of the 6.5 deg. target. however, the urchins were strongly axially oriented relative to the changing position of the 10 deg. target (mean axis from is unclear but, given the bimodal response, is likely to be related to both shelter seeking and predator avoidance.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/2/249.full.pdf", "petalID": 529, "doi": "10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.79-82.977", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_plants", "protect_from_microbes", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.scientific.net/AMR.79-82.977", "mag_terms": ["water flow", "benthic zone", "biofouling", "byssus", "shear stress", "mytilus", "mussel", "adhesion", "oceanography", "marine engineering", "chemistry"], "species": ["strongylocentrotus purpuratus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009009009009009], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2011932977", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V197406704"], "venue_names": ["Canadian Entomologist", "Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A3148138014"], "author_names": ["Philip S. Corbet"], "reference_ids": ["W67235305", "W2318520466", "W2992986070", "W1996249228", "W2057806809", "W2328911203", "W2154961889", "W1671699489", "W2335070114", "W1982548712", "W2025274354", "W1983454508", "W1981257259", "W2330288623", "W1974278047", "W2163425660", "W2314026627", "W2588882306", "W2135546938", "W2328116946", "W2059397433", "W2022334990", "W2141863592", "W2152955938", "W2314708305", "W2033746725", "W2024481763", "W2026194961", "W2771774847", "W1972372824", "W1976357985", "W2094836254", "W613477932"], "title": "Temporal Patterns of Emergence in Aquatic Insects", "abstract": "in aquatic insects, emergence (ecdysis to the adult or subimaginal stage) varies widely in temporal pattern. the comparative study of this pattern is feasible and informative in orders such as plecoptera, ephemeroptera, odonata, diptera and trichoptera in which all members of a population pass through the water-surface when emerging. methods by which emergence rate can be measured are discussed. four basic temporal patterns of emergence exist. emergence may be (1) continuous with irregular fluctuations in rate; (2) rhythmic, with a lunar period; (3) sporadic, occurring at irregular intervals of a few days; or (4) seasonal. examples of each of these patterns are given, and reference is made to the proximate and ultimate environmental factors which may be maintaining the patterns observed. diurnal rhythms of emergence are excluded from consideration. when emergence is restricted seasonally in temperate latitudes, the degree of its synchronization within the emergence period varies widely but is usually constant and typical for a given species. this has provided the basis for an ecological classification of british odonata, the validity of which is examined in the light of recent research.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 530, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0605183104", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/104/13/5479", "mag_terms": ["alarm signal", "mobbing", "chickadee", "alarm", "poecile", "eavesdropping", "baeolophus", "sitta canadensis", "communication", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["insects", "ephemeroptera", "odonata", "trichoptera", "diptera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018867924528301, 0.018867924528301, 0.037735849056603, 0.018867924528301, 0.018867924528301], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5]}, @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ {"paper": "W2079121364", "mesh_terms": ["Amphipoda", "Silk", "Amino Acids", "Amino Acids", "Amphipoda", "Amphipoda", "Amphipoda", "Amphipoda", "Animals", "Aquatic Organisms", "Arthropod Proteins", "Arthropod Proteins", "Phylogeny", "Silk"], "venue_ids": ["V44783556"], "venue_names": ["Naturwissenschaften", "Weird Nature: An Astonishing Exploration of Nature's Strangest Behavior", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Journal of Experimental Zoology", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A2155467539", "A134993670", "A2066015605"], "author_names": ["Katrin Kronenberger", "Cedric Dicko", "Fritz Vollrath"], "reference_ids": ["W584491241", "W2067262916", "W2156159596", "W2074386732", "W2161610542", "W1994923537", "W2128331483", "W2142992381", "W2113621660", "W2160001661", "W1998262071", "W2066459563", "W2077990286", "W2098863487", "W1658845344", "W2144543617", "W1596655886", "W1899144651", "W2140942892", "W2141506506", "W2911457786", "W2062096563", "W2217722057", "W1996283236", "W1977867150", "W2151481123", "W1672949044", "W2064121925", "W2155800892", "W2034283494", "W1982318440", "W2043877783", "W2012436507", "W2027996584", "W2034390950", "W2504351544"], "title": "A novel marine silk.", "abstract": "the discovery of a novel silk production system in a marine amphipod provides insights into the wider potential of natural silks. the tube-building corophioid amphipod crassicorophium bonellii produces from its legs fibrous, adhesive underwater threads that combine barnacle cement biology with aspects of spider silk thread extrusion spinning. we characterised the filamentous silk as a mixture of mucopolysaccharides and protein deriving from glands representing two distinct types. the carbohydrate and protein silk secretion is dominated by complex \u03b2-sheet structures and a high content of charged amino acid residues. the filamentous secretion product exits the gland through a pore near the tip of the secretory leg after having moved through a duct, which subdivides into several small ductules all terminating in a spindle-shaped chamber. this chamber communicates with the exterior and may be considered the silk reservoir and processing/mixing space, in which the silk is mechanically and potentially chemically altered and becomes fibrous. we assert that further study of this probably independently evolved, marine arthropod silk processing and secretion system can provide not only important insights into the more complex arachnid and insect silks but also into crustacean adhesion cements.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 535, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2003.2637", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "active_movement"], "level3": ["regulate_wear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2003.2637", "mag_terms": ["tongue", "projection", "mechanism", "classical mechanics", "anatomy", "physics", "feeding behavior", "power output", "video recording"], "species": ["crassicorophium bonellii"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016666666666666], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1995571108", "mesh_terms": ["Lignin", "Seeds", "Seeds", "Triticum", "Cellulose", "Cellulose", "Climate", "Humidity", "Lignin", "Lignin", "Lignin", "Microscopy, Acoustic", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Plant Epidermis", "Plant Epidermis", "Plant Epidermis", "Seeds", "Seeds", "Silicon Dioxide", "Silicon Dioxide", "Soil", "Stress, Mechanical", "Triticum", "Triticum"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2310397747", "A2365085403", "A2692074039", "A300264640"], "author_names": ["Rivka Elbaum", "Liron Zaltzman", "Ingo Burgert", "Peter Fratzl"], "reference_ids": ["W2065169078", "W2069817361", "W2057671118", "W2170746436", "W2313396204", "W1968228703", "W1675132674", "W1994956594", "W2313134166", "W1990615876", "W2037554093", "W2314100684", "W1989861942", "W2117981474", "W2096357960", "W1996103744"], "title": "The role of wheat awns in the seed dispersal unit.", "abstract": "the dispersal unit of wild wheat bears two pronounced awns that balance the unit as it falls. we discovered that the awns are also able to propel the seeds on and into the ground. the arrangement of cellulose fibrils causes bending of the awns with changes in humidity. silicified hairs that cover the awns allow propulsion of the unit only in the direction of the seeds. this suggests that the dead tissue is analogous to a motor. fueled by the daily humidity cycle, the awns induce the motility required for seed dispersal.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 536, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0000395", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_electricity/magnetism"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000395", "mag_terms": ["magnetoreception", "magnetite", "biomineralization", "microfilament", "cytoskeleton", "superparamagnetism", "microtubule", "calcium", "biophysics", "chemistry", "anatomy"], "species": ["wheat", "bear", "bears"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.034482758620689, 0.034482758620689, 0.034482758620689], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2029205241", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Physiological Phenomena", "Eukaryota", "Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial", "Microbial Interactions", "Quorum Sensing", "Signal Transduction", "Eukaryota", "Host-Pathogen Interactions", "Host-Pathogen Interactions", "Microbial Interactions", "Molecular Structure", "Population Density", "Protein Sorting Signals", "Quorum Sensing", "Signal Transduction", "Species Specificity"], "venue_ids": ["V129150467"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "Annual Review of Biochemistry", "Science", "Molecular Membrane Biology", "Quarterly Review of Biophysics"], "author_ids": ["A2146924543", "A2136392052"], "author_names": ["Steve Atkinson", "Paul Williams"], "reference_ids": ["W1882810357", "W1964957585", "W1967623483", "W1999582558", "W2016402044", "W2106829739", "W2110473499", "W2112970127", "W2121910014", "W2155721441", "W1972435034", "W2035999312", "W2048411369", "W2144640625", "W1502461125", "W1509784654", "W1993616876", "W1993845682", "W2033952025", "W2054407788", "W2131869707", "W2062419247", "W2098894017", "W2171629640", "W2171939089", "W2013198636", "W2112208323", "W2115130110", "W2115335630", "W2144677145", "W2148963522", "W2040641257", "W2105876183", "W2136437275", "W2162149255", "W2222647247", "W1600141557", "W1967016876", "W2125448515", "W2152010463", "W1539392213", "W1895584462", "W1916272556", "W2027824285", "W2066795675", "W2113092884", "W2139391134", "W2150967287", "W2157595631", "W2166075607", "W2425396646", "W47749102", "W1970783326", "W1987400078", "W2022718606", "W2085360512", "W2111703735", "W2135272801", "W2140286740", "W1984935516", "W1993396411", "W2021354930", "W2042566612", "W2098064749", "W2098626852", "W2130067458", "W2131857169", "W2156062569", "W2162907250", "W2170912757", "W2020108441", "W2069228394", "W2156270624", "W2163922299", "W2171469101", "W1484745993", "W1486285556", "W1998568889", "W2055364097", "W2072936433", "W2136771464", "W1974679977", "W1992050565", "W1995903337", "W2036515665", "W2096793575", "W2104088896", "W2130126200", "W2143556405", "W1927570869", "W1995921792", "W2007073364", "W2032583854", "W1986134153", "W2026548787", "W2074725177", "W2092989878", "W2112846947", "W2006570194", "W2038955183", "W2090952227", "W2135748521", "W2288607286", "W2604313865", "W1963626859", "W1974218618", "W2044878310", "W2111326608", "W2148366552", "W1963493422", "W2017478774", "W2019134488", "W2098010659", "W2148852765", "W2022515934", "W2052255348", "W2082097885", "W1994080414", "W2003620464", "W2088757617", "W2106427315", "W2126065254", "W2152786904", "W2170792798", "W1533390945", "W1536782587", "W1975409716", "W2110746318", "W2111205680", "W2146327445", "W2163705324", "W1897628979", "W1995669962", "W1999686884", "W2000636600", "W2061433174", "W2075815893", "W2698683024", "W1508753784", "W2038576468", "W2101361570", "W2156116033", "W1489237778", "W1905840216", "W2033354922", "W2096590000", "W1983100789", "W1999292225", "W2042297317", "W1776282777", "W2023138780", "W2031284066", "W2065737889", "W2098159838", "W2129675757", "W2159247335", "W2427308077", "W1979212448", "W1991095439", "W2005884838", "W2016935145", "W2065413048", "W2114577239", "W2130832985", "W2322265667", "W2003788503", "W2009469402", "W2061911708", "W2068273643", "W2097097840", "W2150480387", "W2282522565", "W1869672696", "W1882965111", "W1993521620", "W2015322635", "W2068619877", "W2083761792", "W2112814507", "W2120468912", "W1990371111", "W2113391818", "W1476875244", "W1851276803", "W1974927036", "W1996492659", "W2024341634", "W2067929872", "W2075798969", "W2089249931", "W2106225335", "W2110404459", "W1959548112", "W1989399710", "W2057802070", "W2060779329", "W2099452627", "W2118742923", "W2125861902"], "title": "Quorum sensing and social networking in the microbial world", "abstract": "for many years, bacterial cells were considered primarily as selfish individuals, but, in recent years, it has become evident that, far from operating in isolation, they coordinate collective behaviour in response to environmental challenges using sophisticated intercellular communication networks. cell-to-cell communication between bacteria is mediated by small diffusible signal molecules that trigger changes in gene expression in response to fluctuations in population density. this process, generally referred to as quorum sensing (qs), controls diverse phenotypes in numerous gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. recent advances have revealed that bacteria are not limited to communication within their own species but are capable of \u2018listening in\u2019 and \u2018broadcasting to\u2019 unrelated species to intercept messages and coerce cohabitants into behavioural modifications, either for the good of the population or for the benefit of one species over another. it is also evident that qs is not limited to the bacterial kingdom. the study of two-way intercellular signalling networks between bacteria and both uni- and multicellular eukaryotes as well as between eukaryotes is just beginning to unveil a rich diversity of communication pathways.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royinterface/6/40/959.full.pdf", "petalID": 537, "doi": "10.1080/09687680701446965", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687680701446965", "mag_terms": ["aquaglyceroporins", "membrane permeability", "aquaporin", "permeation", "integral membrane protein", "transmembrane protein", "membrane protein", "protein structure", "biophysics", "chemistry", "biochemistry"], "species": ["bacteria", "eukaryotes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.075471698113207, 0.037735849056603], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, - {"paper": "W1976452625", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Proteins", "Deinococcus", "Radiation Tolerance", "Bacterial Proteins", "Deinococcus", "Deinococcus", "Fluorescence", "Iron", "Iron", "Manganese", "Manganese", "Oxidation-Reduction"], "venue_ids": ["V154343897"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS Biology", "BioScience", "Ecology", "Ecosystem Management"], "author_ids": ["A2092265176", "A189031494", "A2067845057", "A2272355860", "A2305129033", "A1178205233", "A2022845341", "A688554731", "A2383211697", "A2199498179", "A2647166490"], "author_names": ["Michael J. Daly", "Elena K. Gaidamakova", "Vera Y. Matrosova", "Alexander Vasilenko", "Min Zhai", "Richard D. Leapman", "Barry Lai", "Bruce Ravel", "S. W. Li", "Kenneth M. Kemner", "James K. Fredrickson"], "reference_ids": ["W2061111240", "W2029158386", "W2146922714", "W2174298377", "W1969261618", "W2015852310", "W2046688577", "W1994924724", "W2132694729", "W2028594021", "W1988262733", "W2033029487", "W2148705812", "W2065487253", "W2149701148", "W1963789578", "W2063168088", "W1589618892", "W2036599268", "W2087452637", "W200982031", "W2095383073", "W1976313024", "W2036099589", "W2061659557", "W2127242142", "W1997460010", "W2093173456", "W2043281920", "W2065566877", "W1975938996", "W2151790917", "W2170887794", "W1520315220", "W1966143550", "W2056350783", "W1832491308", "W2063647297", "W2158757371", "W2110671526", "W2070227796", "W1489524219", "W1560388838", "W1640287697", "W2177092266", "W2054224312", "W2064828746", "W2123270185", "W2160136995", "W2171622829"], "title": "Protein Oxidation Implicated as the Primary Determinant of Bacterial Radioresistance", "abstract": "in the hierarchy of cellular targets damaged by ionizing radiation (ir), classical models of radiation toxicity place dna at the top. yet, many prokaryotes are killed by doses of ir that cause little dna damage. here we have probed the nature of mn-facilitated ir resistance in deinococcus radiodurans, which together with other extremely ir-resistant bacteria have high intracellular mn/fe concentration ratios compared to ir-sensitive bacteria. for in vitro and in vivo irradiation, we demonstrate a mechanistic link between mn(ii) ions and protection of proteins from oxidative modifications that introduce carbonyl groups. conditions that inhibited mn accumulation or mn redox cycling rendered d. radiodurans radiation sensitive and highly susceptible to protein oxidation. x-ray fluorescence microprobe analysis showed that mn is globally distributed in d. radiodurans, but fe is sequestered in a region between dividing cells. for a group of phylogenetically diverse ir-resistant and ir-sensitive wild-type bacteria, our findings support the idea that the degree of resistance is determined by the level of oxidative protein damage caused during irradiation. we present the case that protein, rather than dna, is the principal target of the biological action of ir in sensitive bacteria, and extreme resistance in mn-accumulating bacteria is based on protein protection.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050092&type=printable", "petalID": 538, "doi": "10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1946:PANEOO]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658%281997%29078%5B1946%3APANEOO%5D2.0.CO%3B2", "mag_terms": ["ecosystem engineer", "population", "ecological stability", "abiotic component", "ecosystem", "trophic cascade", "ecological inheritance", "trophic level", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria", "deinococcus radiodurans"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.07352941176470501, 0.014705882352941001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.199999999999999]}, + {"paper": "W1976452625", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Proteins", "Deinococcus", "Radiation Tolerance", "Bacterial Proteins", "Deinococcus", "Deinococcus", "Fluorescence", "Iron", "Iron", "Manganese", "Manganese", "Oxidation-Reduction"], "venue_ids": ["V154343897"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS Biology", "BioScience", "Ecology", "Ecosystem Management"], "author_ids": ["A2092265176", "A189031494", "A2067845057", "A2272355860", "A2305129033", "A1178205233", "A2022845341", "A688554731", "A2383211697", "A2199498179", "A2647166490"], "author_names": ["Michael J. Daly", "Elena K. Gaidamakova", "Vera Y. Matrosova", "Alexander Vasilenko", "Min Zhai", "Richard D. Leapman", "Barry Lai", "Bruce Ravel", "S. W. Li", "Kenneth M. Kemner", "James K. Fredrickson"], "reference_ids": ["W2061111240", "W2029158386", "W2146922714", "W2174298377", "W1969261618", "W2015852310", "W2046688577", "W1994924724", "W2132694729", "W2028594021", "W1988262733", "W2033029487", "W2148705812", "W2065487253", "W2149701148", "W1963789578", "W2063168088", "W1589618892", "W2036599268", "W2087452637", "W200982031", "W2095383073", "W1976313024", "W2036099589", "W2061659557", "W2127242142", "W1997460010", "W2093173456", "W2043281920", "W2065566877", "W1975938996", "W2151790917", "W2170887794", "W1520315220", "W1966143550", "W2056350783", "W1832491308", "W2063647297", "W2158757371", "W2110671526", "W2070227796", "W1489524219", "W1560388838", "W1640287697", "W2177092266", "W2054224312", "W2064828746", "W2123270185", "W2160136995", "W2171622829"], "title": "Protein Oxidation Implicated as the Primary Determinant of Bacterial Radioresistance", "abstract": "in the hierarchy of cellular targets damaged by ionizing radiation (ir), classical models of radiation toxicity place dna at the top. yet, many prokaryotes are killed by doses of ir that cause little dna damage. here we have probed the nature of mn-facilitated ir resistance in deinococcus radiodurans, which together with other extremely ir-resistant bacteria have high intracellular mn/fe concentration ratios compared to ir-sensitive bacteria. for in vitro and in vivo irradiation, we demonstrate a mechanistic link between mn(ii) ions and protection of proteins from oxidative modifications that introduce carbonyl groups. conditions that inhibited mn accumulation or mn redox cycling rendered d. radiodurans radiation sensitive and highly susceptible to protein oxidation. x-ray fluorescence microprobe analysis showed that mn is globally distributed in d. radiodurans, but fe is sequestered in a region between dividing cells. for a group of phylogenetically diverse ir-resistant and ir-sensitive wild-type bacteria, our findings support the idea that the degree of resistance is determined by the level of oxidative protein damage caused during irradiation. we present the case that protein, rather than dna, is the principal target of the biological action of ir in sensitive bacteria, and extreme resistance in mn-accumulating bacteria is based on protein protection.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050092&type=printable", "petalID": 538, "doi": "10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1946:PANEOO]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658%281997%29078%5B1946%3APANEOO%5D2.0.CO%3B2", "mag_terms": ["ecosystem engineer", "population", "ecological stability", "abiotic component", "ecosystem", "trophic cascade", "ecological inheritance", "trophic level", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria", "deinococcus radiodurans"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.07352941176470501, 0.014705882352941001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.199999999999999]}, {"paper": "W2121192733", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V166185052"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Frontiers in Zoology"], "author_ids": ["A2289408893", "A1807762046"], "author_names": ["Thomas N\u00f8rgaard", "Marie Dacke"], "reference_ids": ["W2044873789", "W1520828019", "W1981754998", "W2065296996", "W1973190047", "W1588861786", "W1625594280", "W2189145052", "W2895512996", "W2520818369", "W2998509520", "W2963858529"], "title": "Fog-basking behaviour and water collection efficiency in Namib Desert Darkling beetles", "abstract": "in the namib desert fog represents an alternative water source. this is utilised by darkling beetles (tenebrionidae) that employ different strategies for obtaining the fog water. some dig trenches in the sand, while others use their own bodies as fog collectors assuming a characteristic fog-basking stance. two beetle species from the genus onymacris have been observed to fog-bask on the ridges of the sand dunes. these beetles all have smooth elytra surfaces, while another species with elytra covered in bumps is reported to have specialised adaptations facilitating water capture by fog-basking. to resolve if these other beetles also fog-bask, and if an elytra covered in bumps is a more efficient fog water collector than a smooth one, we examined four namib desert beetles; the smooth onymacris unguicularis and o. laeviceps and the bumpy stenocara gracilipes and physasterna cribripes. here we describe the beetles' fog-basking behaviour, the details of their elytra structures, and determine how efficient their dorsal surface areas are at harvesting water from fog. the beetles differ greatly in size. the largest p. cribripes has a dorsal surface area that is 1.39, 1.56, and 2.52 times larger than o. unguicularis, o. laeviceps, and s. gracilipes, respectively. in accordance with earlier reports, we found that the second largest o. unguicularis is the only one of the four beetles that assumes the head standing fog-basking behaviour, and that fog is necessary to trigger this behaviour. no differences were seen in the absolute amounts of fog water collected on the dorsal surface areas of the different beetles. however, data corrected according to the sizes of the beetles revealed differences. the better fog water harvesters were s. gracilipes and o. unguicularis while the large p. cribripes was the poorest. examination of the elytra microstructures showed clear structural differences, but the elytra of all beetles were found to be completely hydrophobic. the differences in fog water harvesting efficiency by the dorsal surface areas of beetles with very different elytra surface structures were minor. we therefore conclude that the fog-basking behaviour itself is a more important factor than structural adaptations when o. unguicularis collect water from fog.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1742-9994-7-23", "petalID": 539, "doi": "10.1002/ANIE.200803189", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["send_signals"], "level3": ["send_light_signals_in_the_non-visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.200803189", "mag_terms": ["chlorophyll", "ripening", "pigment", "catabolism", "tetrapyrrole", "horticulture", "biochemistry", "luminescence", "chemistry", "chlorophyll breakdown", "chlorophyll catabolism"], "species": ["stenocara", "stenocara gracilipes", "onymacris", "beetles", "onymacris unguicularis", "harvesters", "darkling beetles", "tenebrionidae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009259259259259, 0.009259259259259, 0.009259259259259, 0.10185185185185101, 0.0, 0.009259259259259, 0.0, 0.009259259259259], "relative_relevancy": [0.09090909090909001, 0.09090909090909001, 0.09090909090909001, 1.0, 0.0, 0.09090909090909001, 0.0, 0.09090909090909001]}, {"paper": "W2109326402", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V2737036037"], "venue_names": ["Elsevier - Scopus", "Environmental Evidence", "The Grand Design: Form and Colour in Animals"], "author_ids": ["A2444201252", "A3010617162", "A2941611416", "A2165111716", "A109687329", "A1132865523", "A2112407714"], "author_names": ["Magnus Land", "Wilhelm Gran\u00e9li", "Anders Grimvall", "Carl Christian Hoffmann", "William J. Mitsch", "Karin Tonderski", "Jos T. A. Verhoeven"], "reference_ids": ["W2065493415", "W2087896146", "W2127170577", "W2022879570", "W2066753413", "W2161725535", "W2040103666", "W2127407683", "W2004837840", "W2030299944", "W2066100378", "W251971127", "W138920831", "W2100410022", "W2332086064", "W2576147905", "W330435229", "W2063205498", "W1973872925", "W2010640522", "W644624742", "W1482867610", "W1963915618", "W2101108516", "W1999740995", "W2026591267", "W2153643183", "W2248427239", "W2156471719", "W1978007507", "W1994232338", "W2069809054", "W1978662628", "W2070794107", "W1973773969", "W2043544053", "W2060830681", "W2093977582", "W2148303824"], "title": "How effective are created or restored freshwater wetlands for nitrogen and phosphorus removal? A systematic review protocol", "abstract": "background: eutrophication of aquatic environments is a major environmental problem in large parts of the world. in europe, eu legislation (the water framework directive and the marine strategy framework directive), international conventions (ospar, helcom) and national environmental objectives emphasize the need to reduce the input of plant nutrients to freshwater and marine environments. a widely used method to achieve this is to let water pass through a constructed or restored wetland (cw). however, the large variation in measured nutrient removal rates in such wetlands calls for a systematic review. the objective of this review is to quantify nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates in constructed or restored wetlands and relate them to wetland characteristics, loading characteristics, and climate factors. wetlands are created to treat water from a number of different sources. sources that will be considered in this review include agricultural runoff and urban storm water run-off, as well as aquaculture wastewater and outlets from domestic wastewater treatment plants, with particular attention to the situation in sweden. although the performance of wetlands in temperate and boreal regions is most relevant to the swedish stakeholders a wider range of climatic conditions will be considered in order to make a thorough evaluation of climatic factors. methods: searches for primary studies will be performed in electronic databases as well as on the internet. one author will perform the screening of all retrieved articles at the title and abstract level. to check that the screening is consistent and complies with the agreed inclusion/exclusion criteria, subsets of 100 articles will be screened by the other authors. when screening at full-text level the articles will be evenly distributed among the authors. kappa tests will be used to evaluate screening consistency. data synthesis will be based on meta-regression. the nutrient removal rates will be taken as response variables and the effect modifiers will be used as explanatory variables. more specifically, the meta-regression will be performed using generalized additive models that can handle nonlinear relationships and major interaction effects. furthermore, subgroup analyses will be undertaken to elucidate statistical relationships that are specific to particular types of wetlands.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13750-016-0060-0", "petalID": 540, "doi": "10.1111/JAV.01294", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01294", "mag_terms": ["down feather", "eider", "feather", "fill power", "goose", "nest", "diving duck", "anser anser", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.008474576271186], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2156354175", "mesh_terms": ["Body Temperature Regulation", "Ovum", "Plant Leaves", "Temperature", "Animals", "Datura", "Datura", "Datura", "Female", "Manduca", "Manduca", "Oviposition", "Ovum", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Leaves", "Survival Rate"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Applied and Environmental Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2485941962", "A806189473", "A2095704549"], "author_names": ["Kristen A. Potter", "Goggy Davidowitz", "H. Arthur Woods"], "reference_ids": ["W2083977377", "W2122320670", "W2093359748", "W2012966463", "W1990800198", "W2040819174", "W2141075017", "W2039751442", "W621658195", "W2131545040", "W2050154176", "W2074156603", "W2024649846", "W2097905865", "W834054070", "W1983430444", "W2061219621", "W1514837587", "W1520828019", "W2112082204", "W2129253516", "W2135858501", "W2172033925", "W1713265338", "W2034541853", "W1982361154", "W2008228195", "W2028608791", "W2141261198", "W2160835506", "W1523963696", "W1966573286", "W1972684236", "W2145350904", "W2176130748", "W1981954296", "W2078567178", "W2091448565", "W2100899040", "W2171654757", "W1985682875", "W2086535651", "W568548002", "W2082831648", "W2939474406", "W2082872988", "W2094154579", "W2098074477", "W2139503718"], "title": "Insect eggs protected from high temperatures by limited homeothermy of plant leaves", "abstract": "summary - virtually all aspects of insect biology are affected by body temperature,\nand many taxa have evolved sophisticated temperature-control mechanisms. all\ninsects, however, begin life as eggs and lack the ability to thermoregulate.\neggs laid on leaves experience a thermal environment, and thus a body\ntemperature, that is strongly influenced by the leaves themselves. because\nplants can maintain leaf temperatures that differ from ambient, e.g. by\nevapotranspiration, plant hosts may protect eggs from extreme ambient\ntemperatures. we examined the degree to which leaves buffer ambient thermal\nvariation and whether that buffering benefits leaf-associated insect eggs. in\nparticular, we: (1) measured temperature variation at oviposition sites in the\nfield, (2) manipulated temperatures in the laboratory to determine the effect\nof different thermal conditions on embryo development time and survival, and\n(3) tested embryonic metabolic rates over increasing temperatures. our results\nshow that leaves buffer manduca sexta eggs from\nfatally high ambient temperatures in the southwestern usa. moreover, small\ndifferences in temperature profiles among leaves can cause large variation in\negg metabolic rate and development time. specifically, large leaves were\nhotter than small leaves during the day, reaching temperatures that are\nstressfully high for eggs. this study provides the first mechanistic\ndemonstration of how this type of leaf-constructed thermal refuge interacts\nwith egg physiology.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/212/21/3448.full.pdf", "petalID": 541, "doi": "10.1128/AEM.65.4.1477-1482.1999", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://aem.asm.org/content/65/4/1477", "mag_terms": ["helaeomyia petrolei", "providencia rettgeri", "bacteria", "acinetobacter", "gram negative bacteria", "agar plate", "larva", "isolation", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": ["manduca", "manduca sexta", "datura wrightii", "insects", "plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.013157894736842, 0.013157894736842, 0.0, 0.013157894736842, 0.013157894736842], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ {"paper": "W2100979302", "mesh_terms": ["Nelumbo", "Oxygen", "Cytochromes", "Cytochromes", "Flowers", "Flowers", "Flowers", "Membrane Transport Proteins", "Membrane Transport Proteins", "Mitochondrial Proteins", "Nelumbo", "Nelumbo", "Oxidoreductases", "Oxidoreductases", "Oxygen", "Oxygen Isotopes", "Plant Proteins", "Temperature"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V42294715", "V42294715"], "venue_names": ["Plant Physiology", "Plant Physiology", "Planta", "Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses"], "author_ids": ["A2111683354", "A2137438534", "A2129764412"], "author_names": ["Jennifer R. Watling", "Sharon A. Robinson", "Roger S. Seymour"], "reference_ids": ["W1480403792", "W3088687780", "W2013210806", "W1964571335", "W2045387343", "W2048275868", "W1972082679", "W1973357972", "W1967876118", "W2069367560", "W2171763416", "W1484608088", "W1569506332", "W2103186115", "W2589906598", "W1972139565", "W2062189356", "W1964762765", "W2122389820", "W2124327744", "W1970371827", "W1996300552", "W2003748109", "W2098657745", "W2122228813", "W2139339524", "W2003285992", "W2127974864", "W2168785886", "W2002409310", "W2030193612", "W2055888671", "W2321691835", "W1638404651", "W2000571420", "W2036048891", "W2150985439", "W331117150", "W2039159376", "W2087956118", "W2100194694", "W2163173378", "W2119518378", "W2122202079", "W1973347676", "W1987981231", "W2098353463", "W2023806056", "W2036798644", "W2102853619", "W2157759289", "W1840230581", "W2072430214", "W2144924794", "W2023321500", "W2092248944", "W1989719772", "W2032534592", "W2076825619", "W1977043705", "W2095445445", "W2152956763", "W2322785926"], "title": "Contribution of the Alternative Pathway to Respiration during Thermogenesis in Flowers of the Sacred Lotus", "abstract": "we report results from in vivo measurements, using oxygen isotope discrimination techniques, of fluxes through the alternative and cytochrome respiratory pathways in thermogenic plant tissue, the floral receptacle of the sacred lotus (nelumbo nucifera). fluxes through both pathways were measured in thermoregulating flowers undergoing varying degrees of thermogenesis in response to ambient temperature. significant increases in alternative pathway flux were found in lotus receptacles with temperatures 16\u00b0c to 20\u00b0c above ambient, but not in those with lesser amounts of heating. alternative pathway flux in the hottest receptacles was 75% of the total respiratory flux. in contrast, fluxes through the cytochrome pathway did not change significantly during thermogenesis. these data support the hypothesis that increased flux through the alternative pathway is responsible for heating in the lotus and that it is unlikely that uncoupling proteins, which would have produced increased fluxes through the cytochrome pathway, contribute significantly to heating in this tissue. comparisons of actual flux, with capacity determined using inhibitors, suggested that the alternative pathway was operating at close to maximum capacity in heating tissues of lotus. however, in nonheating tissues the inhibitor data significantly overestimated the alternative pathway flux. this confirms that isotopic measurements are necessary for accurate determination of fluxes through the two pathways.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/140/4/1367.full.pdf", "petalID": 549, "doi": "10.1007/PL00008153", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["store_resources", "protect_from_non-living_threats", "absorb_and/or_filter_resources", "detox/purify", "distribute_or_expel _resources", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["store_gases", "protect_from_gases", "protect_from_radiation", "capture_gases", "absorb_and/or_filter_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10750904/", "mag_terms": ["apoplast", "ascorbic acid", "stomatal conductance", "dehydroascorbic acid", "cell wall", "cytosol", "chloroplast", "ozone", "biophysics", "chemistry", "biochemistry"], "species": ["sacred lotus", "nelumbo nucifera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0, 0]}, {"paper": "W1999358761", "mesh_terms": ["Carnivory", "Plants", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biophysics", "Biophysics", "Diptera", "Drosera", "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "Motion", "Movement", "Plant Leaves", "Plants", "Stress, Mechanical"], "venue_ids": ["V202381698"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS ONE", "Naturwissenschaften"], "author_ids": ["A2080608626", "A2010109703", "A2239152491", "A170218880", "A3001670419", "A2032205420"], "author_names": ["Simon Poppinga", "Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer", "Robin Seidel", "Tom Masselter", "Irmgard Hartmeyer", "Thomas Speck"], "reference_ids": ["W1989027897", "W137443227", "W1966173867", "W2768122366", "W2086684607", "W2059859310", "W2160812815", "W1990686931", "W2007871309", "W2058775503", "W2012458690", "W2058035376", "W2152273170", "W3144832281", "W2332727042"], "title": "Catapulting tentacles in a sticky carnivorous plant.", "abstract": "among trapping mechanisms in carnivorous plants, those termed \u2018active\u2019 have especially fascinated scientists since charles darwin\u2019s early works because trap movements are involved. fast snap-trapping and suction of prey are two of the most spectacular examples for how these plants actively catch animals, mainly arthropods, for a substantial nutrient supply. we show that drosera glanduligera, a sundew from southern australia, features a sophisticated catapult mechanism: prey animals walking near the edge of the sundew trigger a touch-sensitive snap-tentacle, which swiftly catapults them onto adjacent sticky glue-tentacles; the insects are then slowly drawn within the concave trap leaf by sticky tentacles. this is the first detailed documentation and analysis of such catapult-flypaper traps in action and highlights a unique and surprisingly complex mechanical adaptation to carnivory.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0045735&type=printable", "petalID": 550, "doi": "10.1007/S00114-011-0853-5", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_temporarily"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22057952/", "mag_terms": ["spider silk", "silk", "insect", "arachnid", "arthropod", "biophysics", "botany", "biology", "amino acid residue", "crassicorophium bonellii", "secretion product"], "species": ["drosera glanduligera", "insects", "plants", "arthropods", "drosera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.025, 0.025, 0.05, 0.025, 0.025], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2044590259", "mesh_terms": ["Eye Movements", "Lizards", "Predatory Behavior", "Pursuit, Smooth", "Saccades", "Animals", "Eye Movements", "Lizards", "Predatory Behavior", "Pursuit, Smooth", "Saccades", "Time Factors"], "venue_ids": ["V45281609"], "venue_names": ["Experimental Brain Research", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2151119273"], "author_names": ["Matthias Ott"], "reference_ids": ["W1535895757", "W2050884825", "W2094328267", "W1570289042", "W2419244633", "W2136339192", "W1545597330", "W2498429610", "W1978579982", "W2069164534", "W2082095971", "W2022650204", "W2060170781", "W2049529401", "W1990331132", "W2112800077", "W2031154663", "W2326951122", "W2005643596", "W2121258415", "W1786406586", "W2132491915", "W18611695", "W1641311894", "W2053058080"], "title": "Chameleons have independent eye movements but synchronise both eyes during saccadic prey tracking.", "abstract": "the movements of both eyes and the head were recorded with search coils in unrestrained, freely moving chameleons. as a main result i found that the generation of saccades in the left and the right eye was either independent from each other or was highly correlated according to the behavioural situation. when no prey item was fixated, disconjugate saccades were observed which was in accordance with earlier observations in chameleons. during prey tracking the chameleons switched to a different oculomotor behaviour and pursued the moving prey with synchronous saccades. at higher target velocities, the tracking movement of the head was also saccadic and was synchronised with the two eyes. binocular coupling affected only the timing of the saccades but not the metrics: the amplitudes of the synchronous saccades were usually different in the two eyes. these observations suggest the existence of two independent premotor neuronal circuits for left and right eye saccadic motor control in the chameleon. binocular coupling in prey-tracking chameleons is probably achieved by neuronal coupling of these premotor circuits during eye-head coordination. the ability to switch between synchronous and uncoupled saccadic eye movements has not been described for any other vertebrate. this unique ability of the chameleon may help to understand the organisation of the oculomotor system of other vertebrates since evidence for separate left eye and right eye saccade generation and position control has recently also been reported in primates.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 551, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1140097", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/316/5826/884", "mag_terms": ["seed dispersal", "diaspore", "biological dispersal", "trichome", "inflorescence", "poaceae", "caryopsis", "ecophysiology", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["vertebrates"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014492753623188002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2008453008", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Proteins", "Biofilms", "Nanoparticles", "Sulfides", "Zinc Compounds", "Amino Acids", "Amino Acids", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Chemical Precipitation", "Microscopy, Electron, Transmission", "Nitrogen", "Nitrogen", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Particle Size", "Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion", "Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared", "Sulfides", "Zinc Compounds"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Annual Review of Microbiology", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2120923220", "A2116264817", "A2170128873", "A2250951771", "A3059838895", "A2115679762"], "author_names": ["John W. Moreau", "Peter K. Weber", "Michael C. Martin", "Benjamin Gilbert", "Ian D. Hutcheon", "Jillian F. Banfield"], "reference_ids": ["W2144634347", "W2055724384", "W1969921931", "W1538932254", "W2005332983", "W2014212860", "W2125144207", "W1583449596", "W1993964276", "W591832344", "W1848572169", "W2129348809", "W2005930867", "W1528542464", "W1987172133", "W1996632045", "W2013921870", "W1978654378", "W2130103547", "W1521665050", "W2063974703", "W1527834244", "W1921535438", "W2103858717", "W1992342719", "W2935874224", "W2122522909", "W2133579043", "W152391151", "W2150272062", "W2130561005"], "title": "Extracellular Proteins Limit the Dispersal of Biogenic Nanoparticles", "abstract": "high-spatial-resolution secondary ion microprobe spectrometry, synchrotron radiation-based fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and polyacrylamide gel analysis demonstrated the intimate association of proteins with spheroidal aggregates of biogenic zinc sulfide nanocrystals, an example of extracellular biomineralization. experiments involving synthetic zinc sulfide nanoparticles and representative amino acids indicated a driving role for cysteine in rapid nanoparticle aggregation. these findings suggest that microbially derived extracellular proteins can limit the dispersal of nanoparticulate metal-bearing phases, such as the mineral products of bioremediation, that may otherwise be transported away from their source by subsurface fluid flow.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc894949/m2/1/high_res_d/926601.pdf", "petalID": 552, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2009.0203", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["send_signals", "process_signals", "group_benefit", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["send_chemical_signals", "coordinate_by_self-organization", "respond_to_signals", "sense_chemicals", "convert_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2009.0203", "mag_terms": ["quorum sensing", "population", "autoinducer", "interspecies communication", "multicellular organism", "bacterial physiological phenomena", "bacteria", "signalling", "evolutionary biology", "biology", "ecology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2008453008", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Proteins", "Biofilms", "Nanoparticles", "Sulfides", "Zinc Compounds", "Amino Acids", "Amino Acids", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Chemical Precipitation", "Microscopy, Electron, Transmission", "Nitrogen", "Nitrogen", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Particle Size", "Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion", "Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared", "Sulfides", "Zinc Compounds"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Annual Review of Microbiology", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2120923220", "A2116264817", "A2170128873", "A2250951771", "A3059838895", "A2115679762"], "author_names": ["John W. Moreau", "Peter K. Weber", "Michael C. Martin", "Benjamin Gilbert", "Ian D. Hutcheon", "Jillian F. Banfield"], "reference_ids": ["W2144634347", "W2055724384", "W1969921931", "W1538932254", "W2005332983", "W2014212860", "W2125144207", "W1583449596", "W1993964276", "W591832344", "W1848572169", "W2129348809", "W2005930867", "W1528542464", "W1987172133", "W1996632045", "W2013921870", "W1978654378", "W2130103547", "W1521665050", "W2063974703", "W1527834244", "W1921535438", "W2103858717", "W1992342719", "W2935874224", "W2122522909", "W2133579043", "W152391151", "W2150272062", "W2130561005"], "title": "Extracellular Proteins Limit the Dispersal of Biogenic Nanoparticles", "abstract": "high-spatial-resolution secondary ion microprobe spectrometry, synchrotron radiation-based fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and polyacrylamide gel analysis demonstrated the intimate association of proteins with spheroidal aggregates of biogenic zinc sulfide nanocrystals, an example of extracellular biomineralization. experiments involving synthetic zinc sulfide nanoparticles and representative amino acids indicated a driving role for cysteine in rapid nanoparticle aggregation. these findings suggest that microbially derived extracellular proteins can limit the dispersal of nanoparticulate metal-bearing phases, such as the mineral products of bioremediation, that may otherwise be transported away from their source by subsurface fluid flow.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc894949/m2/1/high_res_d/926601.pdf", "petalID": 552, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2009.0203", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["send_signals", "process_signals", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["send_chemical_signals", "coordinate_by_self-organization", "respond_to_signals", "sense_chemicals", "convert_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2009.0203", "mag_terms": ["quorum sensing", "population", "autoinducer", "interspecies communication", "multicellular organism", "bacterial physiological phenomena", "bacteria", "signalling", "evolutionary biology", "biology", "ecology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2073845327", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V7538555"], "venue_names": ["Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2303783101", "A1427030813", "A2695963251"], "author_names": ["Carol A. Di Meo-Savoie", "George W. Luther", "S. Craig Cary"], "reference_ids": ["W1985809588", "W2017571538", "W2015758689", "W2028203571", "W2060249741", "W2076541052", "W2129996263", "W2275060067", "W2104869856", "W2163668428", "W2066998113", "W2161832812", "W2067815904", "W2081384475", "W1970938691", "W1995674705", "W2108947678", "W2144222604", "W2061160685", "W2110303788", "W2000797614", "W2062801484", "W2063817915", "W1498138919", "W2101983269", "W1566677353", "W1577788110", "W2495564090", "W2008863099", "W2013042947", "W2013351612", "W1994874475", "W1999153555", "W2020607844", "W2112491075", "W2145805564", "W2525693766", "W2163677638", "W1644967062", "W2057576113", "W1552913007", "W2476529494", "W2136182603", "W2013872785", "W2029048327", "W1985267601", "W2091913250", "W2494303925", "W571790720", "W1989670740", "W2044615382"], "title": "Physicochemical characterization of the microhabitat of the epibionts associated with Alvinella pompejana, a hydrothermal vent annelid", "abstract": "abstract alvinella pompejana is a polychaetous annelid that inhabits narrow tubes along the walls of high-temperature hydrothermal vent chimneys. the worm hosts a rich community of epibiotic bacteria that coats its dorsal surface. although the worm tube microhabitat is a challenging environment to sample, characterizing the thermal and geochemical regime is important for understanding the ecology of the worm and its bacteria, as the worm spends most of its time inside the tube. we characterized the physicochemical conditions of diffuse hydrothermal flow inside inhabited worm tubes using in situ analysis and wet chemical analysis of discrete water samples. thermistor probes deployed inside worm tubes measured temperatures ranging from 28.6\u00b0c to 84.0\u00b0c, while temperatures at tube orifices ranged from 7.5\u00b0c to 40.0\u00b0c. in situ electrochemical analysis of tube fluids revealed undetectable oxygen (", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 553, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PBIO.0050092", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_radiation"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050092", "mag_terms": ["protein oxidation", "deinococcus radiodurans", "deinococcus", "dna damage", "dna repair", "bacteria", "radioresistance", "dna", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria", "alvinella pompejana"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.045454545454545005, 0.022727272727272003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2142004532", "mesh_terms": ["Benzoquinones", "Coleoptera", "Social Behavior", "Animals", "Coleoptera", "Photography"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A1690847948", "A1976684059"], "author_names": ["Thomas Eisner", "Daniel J. Aneshansley"], "reference_ids": ["W2322806256", "W2002849191", "W2003257927", "W2091167447", "W2012336974", "W2092524190", "W2110883836", "W2316484592", "W1976535901", "W1989835216", "W2029564388", "W1983726398", "W1966398787", "W2021244775", "W3213342212", "W1993700757", "W2019042538"], "title": "Spray aiming in the bombardier beetle: Photographic evidence", "abstract": "bombardier beetles, when physically assaulted, eject a hot quinonoid spray from the tip of the abdomen. photographic evidence is presented demonstrating that the african bombardier beetle, stenaptinus insignis, can aim its spray in virtually any direction. it can target its individual legs, and even the individual segments of its legs. moreover, in aiming at a leg, it takes into account the postural orientation of that leg. the beetle is able even to target sites on its back. it is postulated that the ability to aim helps the beetle mainly in defense against ants.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/96/17/9705.full.pdf", "petalID": 554, "doi": "10.1186/1742-9994-7-23", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-9994-7-23", "mag_terms": ["onymacris unguicularis", "sand dune stabilization", "rainwater harvesting", "biodiversity", "genus", "ecology", "biology", "dorsum", "water collection", "water source"], "species": ["beetles"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.035714285714285005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2116362096", "mesh_terms": ["ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters", "Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Cytochrome c Group", "Electron Transport", "Shewanella", "ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters", "ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters", "ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters", "Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins", "Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins", "Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Cytochrome c Group", "Cytochrome c Group", "Cytochrome c Group", "Gene Deletion", "Genes, Bacterial", "Iron", "Iron", "Kinetics", "Manganese", "Manganese", "Micelles", "Models, Biological", "Multiprotein Complexes", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Phylogeny", "Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs", "Proteolipids", "Shewanella", "Shewanella", "Thermodynamics"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2632199693", "A2651911087", "A2292425630", "A260637093", "A2299388246", "A2135940175", "A2431140725", "A2922641424", "A2781145157", "A2151101206", "A321904421", "A2118876010", "A2147486141", "A2266266874", "A2308776206", "A2110201962"], "author_names": ["Robert S. Hartshorne", "Catherine L. Reardon", "Daniel E. Ross", "Jochen Nuester", "Thomas A. Clarke", "Andrew J. Gates", "Paul C. Mills", "James K. Fredrickson", "John M. Zachara", "Liang Shi", "Alexander S. Beliaev", "Matthew J. Marshall", "Ming Tien", "Susan L. Brantley", "Julea N. Butt", "David J. Richardson"], "reference_ids": ["W2056472979", "W2150715665", "W2119587675", "W2125957234", "W2128102730", "W2032238026", "W2036917159", "W2084358370", "W2017570012", "W1851503055", "W2143431457", "W2020388363", "W2060267239", "W2098954147", "W1966935775", "W1972075462", "W2072663547", "W2000029554", "W2024284521", "W2015134397", "W2049092556", "W2006028467", "W2104794537", "W2170793074"], "title": "Characterization of an electron conduit between bacteria and the extracellular environment", "abstract": "a number of species of gram-negative bacteria can use insoluble minerals of fe(iii) and mn(iv) as extracellular respiratory electron acceptors. in some species of shewanella, deca-heme electron transfer proteins lie at the extracellular face of the outer membrane (om), where they can interact with insoluble substrates. to reduce extracellular substrates, these redox proteins must be charged by the inner membrane/periplasmic electron transfer system. here, we present a spectro-potentiometric characterization of a trans-om icosa-heme complex, mtrcab, and demonstrate its capacity to move electrons across a lipid bilayer after incorporation into proteoliposomes. we also show that a stable mtrab subcomplex can assemble in the absence of mtrc; an mtrbc subcomplex is not assembled in the absence of mtra; and mtra is only associated to the membrane in cells when mtrb is present. we propose a model for the modular organization of the mtrcab complex in which mtrc is an extracellular element that mediates electron transfer to extracellular substrates and mtrb is a trans-om spanning \u03b2-barrel protein that serves as a sheath, within which mtra and mtrc exchange electrons. we have identified the mtrab module in a range of bacterial phyla, suggesting that it is widely used in electron exchange with the extracellular environment.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/106/52/22169.full.pdf", "petalID": 555, "doi": "10.1186/S13750-016-0060-0", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "detox/purify"], "level3": ["control_erosion"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13750-016-0060-0", "mag_terms": ["water framework directive", "marine strategy framework directive", "wetland", "constructed wetland", "eutrophication", "stormwater", "aquatic ecosystem", "environmental resource management", "forest management", "environmental science"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015625], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -574,8 +574,8 @@ {"paper": "W2106727604", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Mbio"], "author_ids": ["A2718116835", "A346243593"], "author_names": ["Emily C. Bell", "John M. Gosline"], "reference_ids": ["W2039398902", "W1560068742", "W2412111280", "W2467447763", "W2037344409", "W1568233450", "W2085555175", "W2122829626", "W2895736028", "W2065009580", "W2078548323", "W2789983192", "W1973675549", "W2135610558", "W2171562752", "W2167706449", "W1977546125", "W1986119869", "W2281244869", "W2883740447", "W1498924612", "W1994329742", "W2018340163", "W1530310484", "W2079114027", "W1979646745", "W2158779154", "W2166904803", "W2003615162", "W2099706338", "W2008492014", "W2059857906"], "title": "Mechanical design of mussel byssus: material yield enhances attachment strength", "abstract": "the competitive dominance of mussels in the wave-swept rocky intertidal zone is in part due to their ability to maintain a secure attachment. mussels are tethered to the substratum by a byssus composed of numerous extracellular, collagenous threads secreted by the foot. each byssal thread has three serially arranged parts: a corrugated proximal region, a smooth distal region and an adhesive plaque. this study examines the material and structural properties of the byssal threads of three mussel species: mytilus californianus, m. trossulus, and m. galloprovincialis. tensile tests in general reveal similar material properties among species: the proximal region has a lower initial modulus, a lower ultimate stress and a higher ultimate strain than the distal region. the distal region also yields at a stress well below its ultimate value. in whole thread tests, the proximal region and adhesive plaque are common sites of structural failure and are closely matched in strength, while the distal region appears to be excessively strong. we propose that the high strength of the distal region is the byproduct of a material designed to yield and extend before structural failure occurs. experimental and theoretical evidence is presented suggesting that thread yield and extensibility provide two important mechanisms for increasing the overall attachment strength of the mussel: (1) the reorientation of threads towards the direction of applied load, and (2) the 'recruitment' of more threads into tension and the consequent distribution of applied load over a larger cross-sectional area, thereby reducing the stress on each thread. this distal region yield behavior is most striking for m. californianus and may be a key to its success in extreme wave-swept environments.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 572, "doi": "10.1128/MBIO.00167-13", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["send_signals"], "level3": ["send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://mbio.asm.org/content/4/2/e00167-13", "mag_terms": ["cryptochrome", "euprymna scolopes", "light organ", "circadian rhythm", "bioluminescence", "chronobiology", "gene", "vibrio", "cell biology", "biology", "botany"], "species": ["mytilus californianus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012658227848101], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1504827167", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V98424699"], "venue_names": ["Biological Journal of The Linnean Society", "Marine Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2080975091", "A2160226265"], "author_names": ["Daniel K. Riskin", "Paul A. Racey"], "reference_ids": ["W2017359101", "W2186624717", "W2950295266", "W604755688", "W2157441827", "W2137434240", "W2514049657", "W2015070491", "W70084438", "W583503205", "W2014832487", "W2127991878", "W2112468692", "W2026242809", "W2025379508", "W2022395143", "W2497620507", "W2031965162", "W1676421722", "W2092613863", "W2144672110", "W2149329003", "W2146057114", "W2163862189", "W2126300079", "W2139677735", "W2003350306", "W2036684204", "W1970691119", "W2006639103", "W2032621787", "W1986235066", "W2013515847", "W2142322498", "W2087007735"], "title": "How do sucker-footed bats hold on, and why do they roost head-up?", "abstract": "individuals of most bat species hang head-down by their toenails from rough surfaces, but madagascar\u2019s endemic sucker-footed bat (myzopoda aurita) clings head-up to smooth leaves using specialized pads on its wrists and ankles. we investigated the adhesive performance of 28 individuals and found that attachment performance on brass was not affected by the presence or absence of a seal around the pad\u2013surface interface. furthermore, on smooth acrylic, the wrist pads were more than nine-fold weaker when lifted perpendicular to the surface than when pulled parallel to it. the unimportance of a seal and the difference in strength in those directions on a smooth surface are characteristic of wet adhesion, but not of suction. thus, despite its name, the sucker-footed bat appears to adhere using wet adhesion. we observed that when wrist pads were pushed anteriorly, they unpeeled easily from the surface because of deformation of the pads. this most likely permits rapid detachment during crawling, but would also cause passive detachment if bats roosted head-down. this provides an ecomorphological explanation to the head-up roosting behaviour of these unique bats. the results obtained in the present study thus link morphology, behaviour, and roosting ecology for an enigmatic malagasy endemic. \u00a9 2009 the linnean society of london, biological journal of the linnean society, 2010, 99, 233\u2013240. additional keywords: detachment \u2013 ecomorphology \u2013 head-up posture \u2013 myzopoda \u2013 roosting posture \u2013 suction \u2013 thyroptera \u2013 wet adhesion.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-pdf/99/2/233/16713753/j.1095-8312.2009.01362.x.pdf", "petalID": 573, "doi": "10.1007/S002270000466", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["regulate_wear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs002270000466", "mag_terms": ["modiolus modiolus", "gill", "bivalvia", "mollusca", "placopecten magellanicus", "spisula", "mytilus", "mercenaria", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["myzopoda aurita", "bats", "thyroptera", "seal", "myzopoda"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.025974025974025, 0.012987012987012, 0.025974025974025, 0.012987012987012], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2918408034", "mesh_terms": ["Asteraceae", "Biological Control Agents", "Hemiptera", "Limonene", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Animals", "Asteraceae", "Asteraceae", "Biological Control Agents", "Biological Control Agents", "Crop Production", "Crop Production", "Hemiptera", "Hemiptera", "Limonene", "Limonene", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Lycopersicon esculentum"], "venue_ids": ["V202381698"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS ONE", "Science", "The Plant Cell", "Plant Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2918663777", "A2491808476", "A2918498798", "A2136985271", "A2309436607", "A2918836036", "A2623991447", "A2920781057", "A1973341656"], "author_names": ["Niall J. A. Conboy", "Thomas McDaniel", "Adam Ormerod", "David George", "Angharad M. R. Gatehouse", "Ellie Wharton", "Paul Donohoe", "Rhiannon Curtis", "Colin R. Tosh"], "reference_ids": ["W1543740561", "W2124708501", "W2513988830", "W2052728214", "W2174330908", "W2314698288", "W2619339340", "W2732185419", "W2044139852", "W2059849993", "W2551826129", "W2126357689", "W2884850611", "W1812034656", "W1493749409", "W2044459925", "W2154218810", "W2033125591", "W2606765957", "W2163640734", "W2463229948", "W1590730306", "W2119299142", "W1993644529", "W2015828319", "W2146432787", "W2094855622", "W2482408946", "W2471095820", "W2140287882", "W2131353241", "W2172483597", "W1658976879", "W2282546287"], "title": "Companion planting with French marigolds protects tomato plants from glasshouse whiteflies through the emission of airborne limonene", "abstract": "horticulturalists and gardeners in temperate regions often claim that planting marigolds next to tomato plants protects the tomatoes from the glasshouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood). if shown to hold true, this technique could be used in larger-scale tomato production, protecting the crop and helping to introduce greater plant diversity into these agro-ecosystems. here we present two large-scale glasshouse trials corresponding to the two main ways growers are likely to use marigolds to control whiteflies. in the first, marigolds are grown next to tomato throughout the growing period and we quantify whitefly population growth from the seedling stage over a 48 day infestation period. here we show that association with marigolds significantly slows whitefly population development. introducing additional whitefly-attractive \u2018pull\u2019 plants around the perimeter of plots has little effect, but reducing the proportion of marigolds and introducing other non-hosts of whiteflies (basil, nasturtium and chinese cabbage) also reduces whitefly populations on tomato. the second experiment assesses the efficacy of marigolds when used as an \u2018emergency\u2019 measure. here we allow whitefly populations to build to a high density on unprotected tomatoes then introduce marigolds and assess whitefly population over a further period. following laboratory work showing limonene to be a major chemical component of french marigolds and a negative behaviour response of whiteflies to this compound, limonene dispensers are added as an additional treatment to this experiment. \u201cemergency\u201d marigold companion planting yielded minimal reductions in whitefly performance, but the use of limonene dispensers was more effective. our work indicates that companion planting short vine tomatoes with french marigolds throughout the growing season will slow development of whitefly populations. introducing marigolds to unprotected tomatoes after significant whitefly build-up will be less effective. the use of limonene dispensers placed near to tomato plants also shows promise. it is argued that this work supports the possibility of the development of a mixture of tomato companion plants that infer \u2018associational resistance\u2019 against many major invertebrate pests of tomato. such a mixture, if comprising edible or ornamental plants, would be economically viable, would reduce the need for additional chemical and biological control, and, if used outdoors, would generate plant-diverse agro-ecosystems that are better able to harbour invertebrate wildlife.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0213071&type=printable", "petalID": 574, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1141752", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals", "send_chemical_signals", "sense_light_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/316/5827/1030", "mag_terms": ["flowering locus c", "florigen", "arabidopsis", "phloem", "vascular tissue", "transcription", "gene expression", "messenger rna", "cell biology", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["marigolds", "whiteflies", "cabbage", "french marigold", "ass", "plants", "tomato", "nasturtium", "basil", "chinese cabbage", "trialeurodes vaporariorum"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.084033613445378, 0.025210084033613002, 0.008403361344537001, 0.0, 0.042016806722689, 0.042016806722689, 0.058823529411764004, 0.008403361344537001, 0.008403361344537001, 0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.30000000000000004, 0.099999999999999, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.7000000000000001, 0.099999999999999, 0.099999999999999, 0.0, 0.0]}, - {"paper": "W1556517310", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V88471346"], "venue_names": ["Photosynthesis Research", "BioScience", "Science of the Total Environment", "Mammal Review", "Geophysical Research Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2161077893"], "author_names": ["Christine A. Raines"], "reference_ids": ["W2122011204", "W2481858076", "W2118761040", "W2178309719", "W1994005217", "W1994889176", "W2169941309", "W2000326148", "W2090759061", "W16714395", "W2000137976", "W2052159215", "W2157037682", "W2142053920", "W1996606591", "W2067202497", "W2088156253", "W2096466966", "W2013177486", "W2120557413", "W2081076576", "W2123808383", "W2140432843", "W1661530967", "W2157073672", "W2013687520", "W2123191404", "W1890340485", "W2128592214", "W1972984739", "W2014336412", "W2028665592", "W2113389258", "W3119248056", "W2138696096", "W2147096312", "W2016068150", "W2096340733", "W1996590559", "W2086398833", "W2169828818", "W1561767438", "W2075439983", "W2096662755", "W2116020874", "W2122988258", "W2165309292", "W1526163085", "W2096155855", "W2098797548", "W2180502533", "W1981458431", "W2082534879", "W2159958980", "W2090342881", "W2765798386"], "title": "The Calvin cycle revisited.", "abstract": "the sequence of reactions in the calvin cycle, and the biochemical characteristics of the enzymes involved, have been known for some time. however, the extent to which any individual enzyme controls the rate of carbon fixation has been a long standing question. over the last 10 years, antisense transgenic plants have been used as tools to address this and have revealed some unexpected findings about the calvin cycle. it was shown that under a range of environmental conditions, the level of rubisco protein had little impact on the control of carbon fixation. in addition, three of the four thioredoxin regulated enzymes, fbpase, prkase and gapdh, had negligible control of the cycle. unexpectedly, non-regulated enzymes catalysing reversible reactions, aldolase and transketolase, both exerted significant control over carbon flux. furthermore, under a range of growth conditions sbpase was shown to have a significant level of control over the calvin cycle. these data led to the hypothesis that increasing the amounts of these enzymes may lead to an increase in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. remarkably, photosynthetic capacity and growth were increased in tobacco plants expressing a bifunctional sbpase/fbpase enzyme. future work is discussed which will further our understanding of this complex and important pathway, particularly in relation to the mechanisms that regulate and co-ordinate enzyme activity.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 575, "doi": "10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.06.173", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.173", "mag_terms": ["restoration ecology", "ecosystem engineer", "beaver", "wetland", "species richness", "waterlogging", "freshwater ecosystem", "global biodiversity", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": ["plants", "tobacco"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.027777777777777003, 0.013888888888888002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, - {"paper": "W2126119646", "mesh_terms": ["Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans", "Computer Simulation", "Extracellular Matrix Proteins", "Glutens", "Hyaluronic Acid", "Lectins, C-Type", "Models, Chemical", "Aggrecans", "Aluminum Silicates", "Aluminum Silicates", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans", "Extracellular Matrix Proteins", "Glutens", "Hyaluronic Acid", "Hydrogen Bonding", "Lectins, C-Type"], "venue_ids": ["V98085912"], "venue_names": ["Biophysical Journal", "BioScience", "Science of the Total Environment", "Mammal Review", "Geophysical Research Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2082602550", "A683177728", "A562151734", "A2334171962", "A2088211132", "A2153053657", "A2160591549", "A2063830429", "A2195588014", "A705934576", "A1928518165"], "author_names": ["Georg E. Fantner", "Emin Oroudjev", "Georg Schitter", "Laura S. Golde", "Philipp J. Thurner", "Marquesa M. Finch", "Patricia Turner", "Thomas Gutsmann", "Daniel E. Morse", "Helen G. Hansma", "Paul K. Hansma"], "reference_ids": ["W2074726746", "W1980651080", "W2094224576", "W2075908222", "W2152552709", "W2011696822", "W2132504786", "W2033391625", "W2036475903", "W2105584959", "W2141660716", "W2044608898", "W2058912578", "W2028811978", "W2111658087", "W2132788929", "W2041871464", "W2117243692", "W2072490257", "W2085943530", "W2138821489", "W2006392611", "W2039772156", "W2037720334", "W2154327644", "W2046106288", "W2079202617", "W1592765831", "W2032916536", "W2052776438", "W2016476332", "W2020091343", "W2022802646", "W1534116117", "W2097293881", "W2043950778", "W1669551441"], "title": "Sacrificial bonds and hidden length: unraveling molecular mesostructures in tough materials.", "abstract": "sacrificial bonds and hidden length in structural molecules and composites have been found to greatly increase the fracture toughness of biomaterials by providing a reversible, molecular-scale energy-dissipation mechanism. this mechanism relies on the energy, of order 100 ev, needed to reduce entropy and increase enthalpy as molecular segments are stretched after being released by the breaking of weak bonds, called sacrificial bonds. this energy is relatively large compared to the energy needed to break the polymer backbone, of order a few ev. in many biological cases, the breaking of sacrificial bonds has been found to be reversible, thereby additionally providing a self-healing property to the material. due to the nanoscopic nature of this mechanism, single molecule force spectroscopy using an atomic force microscope has been a useful tool to investigate this mechanism. especially when investigating natural molecular constructs, force versus distance curves quickly become very complicated. in this work we propose various types of sacrificial bonds, their combination, and how they appear in single molecule force spectroscopy measurements. we find that by close analysis of the force spectroscopy curves, additional information can be obtained about the molecules and their bonds to the native constructs.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0006349506723311/pdf", "petalID": 576, "doi": "10.2307/1310784", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1310784", "mag_terms": ["beaver", "beaver dam", "riparian zone", "population", "wetland", "disturbance", "temporal scales", "nutrient cycle", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W1556517310", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V88471346"], "venue_names": ["Photosynthesis Research", "BioScience", "Science of the Total Environment", "Mammal Review", "Geophysical Research Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2161077893"], "author_names": ["Christine A. Raines"], "reference_ids": ["W2122011204", "W2481858076", "W2118761040", "W2178309719", "W1994005217", "W1994889176", "W2169941309", "W2000326148", "W2090759061", "W16714395", "W2000137976", "W2052159215", "W2157037682", "W2142053920", "W1996606591", "W2067202497", "W2088156253", "W2096466966", "W2013177486", "W2120557413", "W2081076576", "W2123808383", "W2140432843", "W1661530967", "W2157073672", "W2013687520", "W2123191404", "W1890340485", "W2128592214", "W1972984739", "W2014336412", "W2028665592", "W2113389258", "W3119248056", "W2138696096", "W2147096312", "W2016068150", "W2096340733", "W1996590559", "W2086398833", "W2169828818", "W1561767438", "W2075439983", "W2096662755", "W2116020874", "W2122988258", "W2165309292", "W1526163085", "W2096155855", "W2098797548", "W2180502533", "W1981458431", "W2082534879", "W2159958980", "W2090342881", "W2765798386"], "title": "The Calvin cycle revisited.", "abstract": "the sequence of reactions in the calvin cycle, and the biochemical characteristics of the enzymes involved, have been known for some time. however, the extent to which any individual enzyme controls the rate of carbon fixation has been a long standing question. over the last 10 years, antisense transgenic plants have been used as tools to address this and have revealed some unexpected findings about the calvin cycle. it was shown that under a range of environmental conditions, the level of rubisco protein had little impact on the control of carbon fixation. in addition, three of the four thioredoxin regulated enzymes, fbpase, prkase and gapdh, had negligible control of the cycle. unexpectedly, non-regulated enzymes catalysing reversible reactions, aldolase and transketolase, both exerted significant control over carbon flux. furthermore, under a range of growth conditions sbpase was shown to have a significant level of control over the calvin cycle. these data led to the hypothesis that increasing the amounts of these enzymes may lead to an increase in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. remarkably, photosynthetic capacity and growth were increased in tobacco plants expressing a bifunctional sbpase/fbpase enzyme. future work is discussed which will further our understanding of this complex and important pathway, particularly in relation to the mechanisms that regulate and co-ordinate enzyme activity.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 575, "doi": "10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.06.173", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.173", "mag_terms": ["restoration ecology", "ecosystem engineer", "beaver", "wetland", "species richness", "waterlogging", "freshwater ecosystem", "global biodiversity", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": ["plants", "tobacco"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.027777777777777003, 0.013888888888888002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, + {"paper": "W2126119646", "mesh_terms": ["Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans", "Computer Simulation", "Extracellular Matrix Proteins", "Glutens", "Hyaluronic Acid", "Lectins, C-Type", "Models, Chemical", "Aggrecans", "Aluminum Silicates", "Aluminum Silicates", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans", "Extracellular Matrix Proteins", "Glutens", "Hyaluronic Acid", "Hydrogen Bonding", "Lectins, C-Type"], "venue_ids": ["V98085912"], "venue_names": ["Biophysical Journal", "BioScience", "Science of the Total Environment", "Mammal Review", "Geophysical Research Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2082602550", "A683177728", "A562151734", "A2334171962", "A2088211132", "A2153053657", "A2160591549", "A2063830429", "A2195588014", "A705934576", "A1928518165"], "author_names": ["Georg E. Fantner", "Emin Oroudjev", "Georg Schitter", "Laura S. Golde", "Philipp J. Thurner", "Marquesa M. Finch", "Patricia Turner", "Thomas Gutsmann", "Daniel E. Morse", "Helen G. Hansma", "Paul K. Hansma"], "reference_ids": ["W2074726746", "W1980651080", "W2094224576", "W2075908222", "W2152552709", "W2011696822", "W2132504786", "W2033391625", "W2036475903", "W2105584959", "W2141660716", "W2044608898", "W2058912578", "W2028811978", "W2111658087", "W2132788929", "W2041871464", "W2117243692", "W2072490257", "W2085943530", "W2138821489", "W2006392611", "W2039772156", "W2037720334", "W2154327644", "W2046106288", "W2079202617", "W1592765831", "W2032916536", "W2052776438", "W2016476332", "W2020091343", "W2022802646", "W1534116117", "W2097293881", "W2043950778", "W1669551441"], "title": "Sacrificial bonds and hidden length: unraveling molecular mesostructures in tough materials.", "abstract": "sacrificial bonds and hidden length in structural molecules and composites have been found to greatly increase the fracture toughness of biomaterials by providing a reversible, molecular-scale energy-dissipation mechanism. this mechanism relies on the energy, of order 100 ev, needed to reduce entropy and increase enthalpy as molecular segments are stretched after being released by the breaking of weak bonds, called sacrificial bonds. this energy is relatively large compared to the energy needed to break the polymer backbone, of order a few ev. in many biological cases, the breaking of sacrificial bonds has been found to be reversible, thereby additionally providing a self-healing property to the material. due to the nanoscopic nature of this mechanism, single molecule force spectroscopy using an atomic force microscope has been a useful tool to investigate this mechanism. especially when investigating natural molecular constructs, force versus distance curves quickly become very complicated. in this work we propose various types of sacrificial bonds, their combination, and how they appear in single molecule force spectroscopy measurements. we find that by close analysis of the force spectroscopy curves, additional information can be obtained about the molecules and their bonds to the native constructs.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0006349506723311/pdf", "petalID": 576, "doi": "10.2307/1310784", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1310784", "mag_terms": ["beaver", "beaver dam", "riparian zone", "population", "wetland", "disturbance", "temporal scales", "nutrient cycle", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2100534559", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V148121101"], "venue_names": ["New Journal of Physics", "Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology", "Journal of Biomechanics", "Journal of Comparative Physiology A", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Scientific Reports"], "author_ids": ["A2062731319", "A2145939356", "A2142145236", "A2602947866", "A3033479528", "A2009904018"], "author_names": ["Richard Gerum", "Ben Fabry", "Claus Metzner", "Micha\u00ebl Beaulieu", "Andr\u00e9 Ancel", "Daniel P. Zitterbart"], "reference_ids": ["W2003309242", "W1992033325", "W2024355138", "W2064483646", "W3037683188", "W2112164016", "W2049176600", "W1881045119", "W2029852229", "W2055276703", "W1867429401", "W2130441167", "W2099360534", "W2154504070", "W1964788284", "W2034702902", "W2034905001", "W2002266200", "W1988250005", "W1965421292", "W1968719911", "W2065140406", "W3150700316", "W65124300", "W3019780663", "W2015410655", "W2130373480"], "title": "The origin of traveling waves in an emperor penguin huddle", "abstract": "emperor penguins breed during the antarctic winter and have to endure temperatures as low as 50 c and wind speeds of up to 200kmh 1 . to conserve energy, they form densely packed huddles with a triangular lattice structure. video recordings from previous studies revealed coordinated movements in regular wave-like patterns within these huddles. it is thought that these waves are triggered by individual penguins that locally disturb the huddle structure, and that the traveling wave serves to remove the lattice defects and restore order. the mechanisms that govern wave propagation are currently unknown, however. moreover, it is unknown if the waves are always triggered by the same penguin in a huddle. here, we present a model in which the observed wave patterns emerge from simple rules involving only the interactions between directly neighboring individuals, similar to the interaction rules found in other jammed systems, e.g. between cars in a traffic jam. our model predicts that a 6 authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/15/12/125022", "petalID": 577, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0812533106", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/106/25/10081", "mag_terms": ["undulatory locomotion", "kinematics", "anisotropy", "motion", "mechanics", "propulsion", "physics"], "species": ["emperor penguin", "penguins"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.02127659574468, 0.042553191489361], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2553497929", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V2484704948"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Frontiers in Microbiology", "Weird Nature: An Astonishing Exploration of Nature's Strangest Behavior", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Scientific Reports"], "author_ids": ["A1300977100", "A1918750555", "A2121002468", "A666145812", "A2251224199", "A259557182"], "author_names": ["Panagiotis Gkorezis", "Matteo Daghio", "Andrea Franzetti", "Jonathan D. 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"W2103942614", "W2133706308", "W2134037455", "W2138971465", "W2158511219", "W2277929480", "W2295319879", "W2327855837", "W199824702", "W1967624543", "W1974786485", "W2011965489", "W2035757090", "W2042572962", "W2044596146", "W2044735090", "W2066246916", "W2067985513", "W2092906064", "W2097980701", "W2101971618", "W2129838402", "W2143896438", "W2147928994", "W2155308155", "W2156517461", "W1595971280", "W1894202947", "W1929308656", "W1977017222", "W1983770912", "W1990840063", "W2009572599", "W2017785927", "W2023247271", "W2053261446", "W2071849412", "W2085235132", "W2130431901", "W2160716612", "W1482802857", "W1592405179", "W1694605133", "W2013295114", "W2066225005", "W2068848097", "W2071389603", "W2110024834", "W2127087112", "W2152449677"], "title": "The Interaction between Plants and Bacteria in the Remediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons: An Environmental Perspective", "abstract": "widespread pollution of terrestrial ecosystems with petroleum hydrocarbons (phcs) has generated a need for remediation and, given that many phcs are biodegradable, bio- and phyto-remediation are often viable approaches for active and passive remediation. this review focuses on phytoremediation with particular interest on the interactions between and use of plant-associated bacteria to restore phc polluted sites. plant-associated bacteria include endophytic, phyllospheric, and rhizospheric bacteria, and cooperation between these bacteria and their host plants allows for greater plant survivability and treatment outcomes in contaminated sites. bacterially driven phc bioremediation is attributed to the presence of diverse suites of metabolic genes for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, along with a broader suite of physiological properties including biosurfactant production, biofilm formation, chemotaxis to hydrocarbons, and flexibility in cell-surface hydrophobicity. in soils impacted by phc contamination, microbial bioremediation generally relies on the addition of high-energy electron acceptors (e.g., oxygen) and fertilization to supply limiting nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) in the face of excess phc carbon. as an alternative, the addition of plants can greatly improve bioremediation rates and outcomes as plants provide microbial habitats, improve soil porosity (thereby increasing mass transfer of substrates and electron acceptors), and exchange limiting nutrients with their microbial counterparts. in return, plant-associated microorganisms improve plant growth by reducing soil toxicity through contaminant removal, producing plant growth promoting metabolites, liberating sequestered plant nutrients from soil, fixing nitrogen, and more generally establishing the foundations of soil nutrient cycling. in a practical and applied sense, the collective action of plants and their associated microorganisms is advantageous for remediation of phc contaminated soil in terms of overall cost and success rates for in situ implementation in a diversity of environments. mechanistically, there remain biological unknowns that present challenges for applying bio- and phyto-remediation technologies without having a deep prior understanding of individual target sites. in this review, evidence from traditional and modern omics technologies is discussed to provide a framework for plant-microbe interactions during phc remediation. the potential for integrating multiple molecular and computational techniques to evaluate linkages between microbial communities, plant communities and ecosystem processes is explored with an eye on improving phytoremediation of phc contaminated sites.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01836/pdf", "petalID": 578, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.038075", "level1": ["assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["change_size/shape", "protect_from_living_threats", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/8/1235", "mag_terms": ["hagfish", "mucin", "holocrine", "vesicle", "cytoskeleton", "thread", "biophysics", "anatomy", "biology", "hydrodynamic forces"], "species": ["bacteria", "plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.029850746268656, 0.029850746268656], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2085031566", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V166040772"], "venue_names": ["Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells"], "author_ids": ["A2577426782", "A2809815357"], "author_names": ["Wolfgang Henrion", "Helmut Tributsch"], "reference_ids": ["W254737763", "W1972684236", "W2156307891", "W1986374968", "W1998802049", "W2100585318", "W2008426788", "W349253424", "W1859019241", "W1990070823", "W986158525", "W1591566684", "W1955576829", "W2082636118", "W2327774133"], "title": "Optical solar energy adaptations and radiative temperature control of green leaves and tree barks", "abstract": "trees have adapted to keep leaves and barks cool in sunshine and can serve as interesting bionic model systems for radiative cooling. silicon solar cells, on the other hand, loose up to one third of their energy efficiency due to heating in intensive sunshine. it is shown that green leaves minimize absorption of useful radiation and allow efficient infrared thermal emission. since elevated temperatures are detrimental for tensile water flow in the xylem tissue below barks, the optical properties of barks should also have evolved so as to avoid excessive heating. this was tested by performing optical studies with tree bark samples from representative trees. it was found that tree barks have optimized their reflection of incoming sunlight between 0.7 and 2 \u03bcm. this is approximately the optical window in which solar light is transmitted and reflected by green vegetation. simultaneously, the tree bark is highly absorbing and thus radiation emitting between 6 and 10 \u03bcm. these two properties, mainly provided by tannins, create optimal conditions for radiative temperature control. in addition, tannins seem to have adopted a function as mediators for excitation energy towards photo-antioxidative activity for control of radiation damage. the results obtained are used to discuss challenges for future solar cell optimization.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 579, "doi": "10.1038/S41598-018-25227-9", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_mechanical_energy", "active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5940701/", "mag_terms": ["phidippus regius", "jumping", "jump", "jumping spider", "kinematics", "catapult", "spider", "range", "control theory", "mathematics"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, @@ -588,11 +588,11 @@ {"paper": "W2132125170", "mesh_terms": ["Biopolymers", "Bivalvia", "Collagen", "Animals", "Biopolymers", "Bivalvia", "Bivalvia", "Collagen", "Collagen", "Collagen", "Microscopy, Atomic Force", "Microscopy, Atomic Force", "Species Specificity"], "venue_ids": ["V11629336"], "venue_names": ["Biomacromolecules", "Annals of Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2252277025", "A2063830429", "A1928518165", "A2584856941", "A2096993431"], "author_names": ["Tue Hassenkam", "Thomas Gutsmann", "Paul K. Hansma", "Jason Sagert", "J. Herbert Waite"], "reference_ids": ["W2047498815", "W1969959887", "W2058912578", "W2152552709", "W2883740447", "W1979221090", "W2132504786", "W2039180288", "W2172039086", "W2091458978", "W1967130686", "W1966784472", "W2000639706", "W2163641250", "W2107582844"], "title": "Giant bent-core mesogens in the thread forming process of marine mussels.", "abstract": "in marine mussels (mytilus), byssal threads are made in minutes from prefabricated smectic polymer liquid crystals by a process resembling reaction injection molding. the mesogens in these arrays are known to be natural block copolymers with rodlike collagen cores. using atomic force microscopy, it was shown that these collagenous mesogens are bent-core or banana-shaped in a manner that is consistent with and predictable from their amino acid sequence. the overall bend angle in precol-ng in mytilus galloprovincialis is about 130\u00b0. the mesogens have a center-to-center separation of approximately 22 nm and a length of 200 nm. it is evident that the smectic structure of the prefabricated mesophases remains largely intact over 1 -3 im distances in the molded fibers and is presumably locked in place during molding by cross-linking. like the smectic liquid crystals of many synthetic banana mesogens, the collagenous mesogens of the byssal threads exhibit smc2 symmetry with a characteristic tilt of 24.6\u00b0. at about 100% extension, this tilt is considerably reduced and the globular end domains are no longer visible presumably because they have been unraveled.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 586, "doi": "10.1093/AOB/MCR307", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_fracture/rupture", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/109/4/807/128616", "mag_terms": ["ultimate tensile strength", "ficus benjamina", "plant bark", "bark", "coagulation", "horticulture", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["banana", "mytilus galloprovincialis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018867924528301, 0.018867924528301], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W186978568", "mesh_terms": ["Birds", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Hot Temperature", "Oxygen Consumption", "Stress, Physiological", "Animals", "Birds", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "Respiration"], "venue_ids": ["V204210209"], "venue_names": ["American Journal of Physiology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2643551218"], "author_names": ["RC Lasiewski"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "Physiological responses to heat stress in the poorwill.", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 587, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.199.4.1005", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "attach"], "level2": ["attach_permanently"], "level3": ["manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/199/4/1005", "mag_terms": ["byssus", "ultimate tensile strength", "thread", "mussel", "mytilus", "adhesive", "composite material", "chemistry", "anatomy", "attachment strength", "mechanical design"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2337235428", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V33840881"], "venue_names": ["Smithsonian Institute - Biodiversity Heritage Library", "The Biological Bulletin", "Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society", "Verh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg"], "author_ids": ["A2078371736"], "author_names": ["P. F. Scholander"], "reference_ids": ["W1971232901", "W2034739316", "W1820248132", "W1990801762", "W1487945089", "W2052608551", "W1994652225", "W1765432712", "W2276680639", "W2407400602", "W2083871485", "W1997783375", "W2429860177", "W2415196473", "W314482925", "W2370507908", "W2176628688", "W2527024626"], "title": "SECRETION OF GASES AGAINST HIGH PRESSURES IN THE SWIMBLADDER OF DEEP SEA FISHES II. THE RETE MIRABILE", "abstract": "1. the structure and dimensions are given for the rete mirabile. it is interpreted as a counter current diffusion exchange mechanism between the afferent and efferent rete.2. this diffusion exchange has been quantitatively evaluated for o2, co2, and n2. the arrangement makes possible the maintenance of a steep tension gradient within the rete, so that the oxygen loss from the leaving blood can be extremely low.3. quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of the rete diffusion makes it clear that the limiting equilibrium pressure in the swimbladder could be extremely high, and that the limiting factor lies mainly in the dissociation pressure of the chemical or physical reaction which ultimately splits off the oxygen.4. the nature of the responsible compound and reaction is unknown. the anatomical arrangement of the glandular structure and the rete is suggestive of a cellular secretion of oxygen rather than of a mechanism that splits off oxygen in the blood.5. data on the deposition of nitrogen against high...", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/17076", "petalID": 588, "doi": "10.1111/J.1095-8312.2009.01362.X", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_temporarily"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/99/2/233/2448125", "mag_terms": ["myzopoda aurita", "myzopoda", "sucker", "ecomorphology", "head", "anatomy", "biology", "biological evolution", "smooth surface"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2048955821", "mesh_terms": ["Contrast Sensitivity", "Sarraceniaceae", "Tupaiidae", "Animals", "Area Under Curve", "Borneo", "Color", "Contrast Sensitivity", "Sarraceniaceae", "Species Specificity", "Tupaiidae"], "venue_ids": ["V21838795"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Plant Signaling & Behavior", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2153880878", "A2573296424", "A2181662664", "A2976139748"], "author_names": ["Jonathan A. Moran", "Charles M Clarke", "Melinda Greenwood", "Li Jin Chin"], "reference_ids": ["W2083686294", "W2022538649", "W2110571187", "W2328532906", "W2075725539", "W2144788487", "W2111326389", "W2163465609", "W2156221180", "W2331551863", "W2155210608", "W2101883825", "W2147361286", "W2137714402", "W1998380545", "W2100937385"], "title": "Tuning of color contrast signals to visual sensitivity maxima of tree shrews by three Bornean highland Nepenthes species", "abstract": "three species of nepenthes pitcher plants (nepenthes rajah, nepenthes lowii and nepenthes macrophylla) specialize in harvesting nutrients from tree shrew excreta in their pitchers. in all three species, nectaries on the underside of the pitcher lid are the focus of the tree shrews' attention. tree shrews are dichromats, with visual sensitivity in the blue and green wavebands. all three nepenthes species were shown to produce visual signals, in which the underside of the pitcher lid (the area of highest nectar production) stood out in high contrast to the adjacent area on the pitcher (i.e., was brighter), in the blue and green wavebands visible to the tree shrews. n. rajah showed the tightest degree of \u201ctuning,\u201d notably in the green waveband. conversely, pitchers of nepenthes burbidgeae, a typical insectivorous species sympatric with n. rajah, did not produce a color pattern tuned to tree shrew sensitivity maxima.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/psb.21661?needAccess=true", "petalID": 589, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0213071", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "send_chemical_signals", "manage populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_animals", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0213071", "mag_terms": ["companion planting", "whitefly", "population", "trialeurodes", "biological pest control", "pest control", "crop", "ornamental plant", "horticulture", "biology"], "species": ["nepenthes rajah", "tree shrews", "nepenthes macrophylla", "nepenthes burbidgeae", "plants", "shrews", "tree shrew", "nepenthes lowii"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.018518518518518, 0.018518518518518, 0.018518518518518, 0.055555555555555004, 0.018518518518518, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.0]}, + {"paper": "W2048955821", "mesh_terms": ["Contrast Sensitivity", "Sarraceniaceae", "Tupaiidae", "Animals", "Area Under Curve", "Borneo", "Color", "Contrast Sensitivity", "Sarraceniaceae", "Species Specificity", "Tupaiidae"], "venue_ids": ["V21838795"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Plant Signaling & Behavior", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2153880878", "A2573296424", "A2181662664", "A2976139748"], "author_names": ["Jonathan A. Moran", "Charles M Clarke", "Melinda Greenwood", "Li Jin Chin"], "reference_ids": ["W2083686294", "W2022538649", "W2110571187", "W2328532906", "W2075725539", "W2144788487", "W2111326389", "W2163465609", "W2156221180", "W2331551863", "W2155210608", "W2101883825", "W2147361286", "W2137714402", "W1998380545", "W2100937385"], "title": "Tuning of color contrast signals to visual sensitivity maxima of tree shrews by three Bornean highland Nepenthes species", "abstract": "three species of nepenthes pitcher plants (nepenthes rajah, nepenthes lowii and nepenthes macrophylla) specialize in harvesting nutrients from tree shrew excreta in their pitchers. in all three species, nectaries on the underside of the pitcher lid are the focus of the tree shrews' attention. tree shrews are dichromats, with visual sensitivity in the blue and green wavebands. all three nepenthes species were shown to produce visual signals, in which the underside of the pitcher lid (the area of highest nectar production) stood out in high contrast to the adjacent area on the pitcher (i.e., was brighter), in the blue and green wavebands visible to the tree shrews. n. rajah showed the tightest degree of \u201ctuning,\u201d notably in the green waveband. conversely, pitchers of nepenthes burbidgeae, a typical insectivorous species sympatric with n. rajah, did not produce a color pattern tuned to tree shrew sensitivity maxima.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/psb.21661?needAccess=true", "petalID": 589, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0213071", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["manage_populations_or_habitats", "maintain_biodiversity", "send_chemical_signals", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_animals", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0213071", "mag_terms": ["companion planting", "whitefly", "population", "trialeurodes", "biological pest control", "pest control", "crop", "ornamental plant", "horticulture", "biology"], "species": ["nepenthes rajah", "tree shrews", "nepenthes macrophylla", "nepenthes burbidgeae", "plants", "shrews", "tree shrew", "nepenthes lowii"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.018518518518518, 0.018518518518518, 0.018518518518518, 0.055555555555555004, 0.018518518518518, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W1982618503", "mesh_terms": ["Diptera", "Extremities", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Bodily Secretions", "Bodily Secretions", "Diptera", "Diptera", "Extremities", "Microscopy, Atomic Force", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Photosynthesis Research", "Carbon Dioxide Fixation"], "author_ids": ["A2656369826", "A2637815249", "A2160081516"], "author_names": ["M. G. Langer", "J. P. Ruppersberg", "Stanislav N. Gorb"], "reference_ids": ["W1676421722", "W1975406725", "W2064391301", "W2082247675", "W1876131101", "W2051991854", "W1985832221", "W1987325132", "W1670765730", "W2022933045", "W2053787721", "W2102501940", "W1550251006", "W2321558693", "W2032621787", "W1995851225", "W2143896782", "W1992984362", "W1980372597", "W2078168714", "W2479487686", "W2330139794"], "title": "Adhesion forces measured at the level of a terminal plate of the fly's seta", "abstract": "the attachment pads of fly legs are covered with setae, each ending in small terminal plates coated with secretory fluid. a cluster of these terminal plates contacting a substrate surface generates strong attractive forces that hold the insect on smooth surfaces. previous research assumed that cohesive forces and molecular adhesion were involved in the fly attachment mechanism. the main elements that contribute to the overall attachment force, however, remained unknown. multiple local force-volume measurements were performed on individual terminal plates by using atomic force microscopy. it was shown that the geometry of a single terminal plate had a higher border and considerably lower centre. local adhesion was approximately twice as strong in the centre of the plate as on its border. adhesion of fly footprints on a glass surface, recorded within 20 min after preparation, was similar to adhesion in the centre of a single attachment pad. adhesion strongly decreased with decreasing volume of footprint fluid, indicating that the layer of pad secretion covering the terminal plates is crucial for the generation of a strong attractive force. our data provide the first direct evidence that, in addition to van der waals and coulomb forces, attractive capillary forces, mediated by pad secretion, are a critical factor in the fly's attachment mechanism.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1691860?pdf=render", "petalID": 590, "doi": "10.1023/A:1022421515027", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1022421515027", "mag_terms": ["light independent reactions", "rubisco", "transketolase", "carbon fixation", "photosynthesis", "thioredoxin", "aldolase a", "photosynthetic capacity", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2314495996", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V9565702"], "venue_names": ["Mycorrhiza", "Biology Letters", "Journal of Fish Biology"], "author_ids": ["A68517359"], "author_names": ["Reinhard Agerer"], "reference_ids": ["W2023087404"], "title": "Exploration types of ectomycorrhizae", "abstract": "there is a need to quantify and qualify the ability of ectomycorrhizae to improve tree growth and nutrition and, in particular, to define criteria to classify ectomycorrhizae with respect to ecologically relevant features. whereas the numbers of ectomycorrhizae and morphotypes give useful information when related to root biomass, root length or soil volume, the development and differentiation of the extramatrical mycelium may represent important predicative features relevant to the ecological classification of ectomycorrhizae. here, different exploration types of ectomycorrhizae are distinguished based on the amount of emanating hyphae or the presence and differentiation of rhizomorphs. their putative ecological importance is discussed.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 591, "doi": "10.1111/J.1095-8649.1999.TB00864.X", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00864.x", "mag_terms": [], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2096126781", "mesh_terms": ["Commelinaceae", "Fruit", "Pigmentation", "Cellulose", "Cellulose", "Commelinaceae", "Commelinaceae", "Fruit", "Fruit", "Pigmentation"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Journal of Structural Biology", "Biophysical Journal", "Science", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World"], "author_ids": ["A2079866710", "A121670844", "A2043165941", "A2112978098", "A1844519064", "A2914867443", "A2293776551", "A2162921385", "A2104073147"], "author_names": ["Silvia Vignolini", "Paula J. Rudall", "Alice Rowland", "Alison Reed", "Edwige Moyroud", "Robert B. Faden", "Jeremy J. Baumberg", "Beverley J. Glover", "Ullrich Steiner"], "reference_ids": ["W1977675747", "W2021067696", "W2999251371", "W1750419609", "W1991548844", "W2041718488", "W2150054770", "W2029745704", "W2150082247", "W1982041674", "W1645566295", "W2990029976", "W2130349388", "W1624813937", "W1972533342", "W1592030932", "W1965470786", "W2031379734", "W2058557578", "W2058997755", "W2033990820", "W2046570037", "W2131038767", "W2128245852", "W2099765642", "W2137019934", "W1595185468", "W2113465369", "W2145622026"], "title": "Pointillist structural color in Pollia fruit", "abstract": "biological communication by means of structural color has existed for at least 500 million years. structural color is commonly observed in the animal kingdom, but has been little studied in plants. we present a striking example of multilayer-based strong iridescent coloration in plants, in the fruit of pollia condensata. the color is caused by bragg reflection of helicoidally stacked cellulose microfibrils that form multilayers in the cell walls of the epicarp. we demonstrate that animals and plants have convergently evolved multilayer-based photonic structures to generate colors using entirely distinct materials. the bright blue coloration of this fruit is more intense than that of any previously described biological material. uniquely in nature, the reflected color differs from cell to cell, as the layer thicknesses in the multilayer stack vary, giving the fruit a striking pixelated or pointillist appearance. because the multilayers form with both helicoidicities, optical characterization reveals that the reflected light from every epidermal cell is polarized circularly either to the left or to the right, a feature that has never previously been observed in a single tissue.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/39/15712.full.pdf", "petalID": 592, "doi": "10.1529/BIOPHYSJ.105.069344", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["manage_stress/strain", "regulate_wear", "prevent/allow_deformation"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/biophysj/fulltext/S0006-3495(06)72331-1", "mag_terms": ["force spectroscopy", "molecule", "polymer", "hydrogen bond", "nanoscopic scale", "chemical physics", "fracture toughness", "enthalpy", "nanotechnology", "chemistry", "atomic force microscopy"], "species": ["plants", "pollia condensata"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.057692307692307, 0.019230769230769003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.33333333333333304]}, - {"paper": "W2603003842", "mesh_terms": ["Acacia", "Ants", "Biological Evolution", "Symbiosis", "Animals", "Central America", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2132274478", "A1927235769"], "author_names": ["Philip S. Ward", "Michael G. Branstetter"], "reference_ids": ["W2127774996", "W2316921369", "W2137678962", "W2256135240", "W2097159115", "W2130362098", "W2144897832", "W2158834809", "W2094972930", "W2048101460", "W2131271579", "W2119783895", "W2126419817", "W2518463443", "W2586261922", "W1526736553", "W2580042743", "W2060300986", "W2266528034", "W1975039958", "W2016636298", "W2101327359", "W1999083683", "W2010727650", "W2183045245", "W2006145603", "W2136938561", "W2151409320", "W2122302865", "W2133045466", "W2157131981", "W2098673312", "W2141052558", "W2262050179", "W1575693322", "W2058048120", "W2441515301", "W2110192501", "W2129163357", "W2145562754", "W1963957860", "W3042587460", "W1956572257", "W2028302194", "W2029226703", "W2092615246", "W2135398316", "W2476541572", "W2133870991", "W2140058650", "W2516907192", "W2062447320", "W2148740146", "W2951890991", "W2101095863", "W2110047881", "W2123639897", "W2257854818", "W2274553047", "W2096488278", "W2130526187"], "title": "The acacia ants revisited: convergent evolution and biogeographic context in an iconic ant/plant mutualism.", "abstract": "phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses can enhance our understanding of multispecies interactions by placing the origin and evolution of such interactions in a temporal and geographical context. we use a phylogenomic approach-ultraconserved element sequence capture-to investigate the evolutionary history of an iconic multispecies mutualism: neotropical acacia ants (pseudomyrmex ferrugineus group) and their associated vachellia hostplants. in this system, the ants receive shelter and food from the host plant, and they aggressively defend the plant against herbivores and competing plants. we confirm the existence of two separate lineages of obligate acacia ants that convergently occupied vachellia and evolved plant-protecting behaviour, from timid ancestors inhabiting dead twigs in rainforest. the more diverse of the two clades is inferred to have arisen in the late miocene in northern mesoamerica, and subsequently expanded its range throughout much of central america. the other lineage is estimated to have originated in southern mesoamerica about 3 myr later, apparently piggy-backing on the pre-existing mutualism. initiation of the pseudomyrmex/vachellia interaction involved a shift in the ants from closed to open habitats, into an environment with more intense plant herbivory. comparative studies of the two lineages of mutualists should provide insight into the essential features binding this mutualism.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2016.2569", "petalID": 593, "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/15/12/125022", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["active_movement", "group_benefit", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/15/12/125022/meta#artAbst", "mag_terms": ["wave propagation", "hexagonal lattice", "classical mechanics", "emperor", "meteorology", "physics", "lattice defects", "traveling wave"], "species": ["plants", "pseudomyrmex ferrugineus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.033898305084745, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, + {"paper": "W2603003842", "mesh_terms": ["Acacia", "Ants", "Biological Evolution", "Symbiosis", "Animals", "Central America", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2132274478", "A1927235769"], "author_names": ["Philip S. Ward", "Michael G. Branstetter"], "reference_ids": ["W2127774996", "W2316921369", "W2137678962", "W2256135240", "W2097159115", "W2130362098", "W2144897832", "W2158834809", "W2094972930", "W2048101460", "W2131271579", "W2119783895", "W2126419817", "W2518463443", "W2586261922", "W1526736553", "W2580042743", "W2060300986", "W2266528034", "W1975039958", "W2016636298", "W2101327359", "W1999083683", "W2010727650", "W2183045245", "W2006145603", "W2136938561", "W2151409320", "W2122302865", "W2133045466", "W2157131981", "W2098673312", "W2141052558", "W2262050179", "W1575693322", "W2058048120", "W2441515301", "W2110192501", "W2129163357", "W2145562754", "W1963957860", "W3042587460", "W1956572257", "W2028302194", "W2029226703", "W2092615246", "W2135398316", "W2476541572", "W2133870991", "W2140058650", "W2516907192", "W2062447320", "W2148740146", "W2951890991", "W2101095863", "W2110047881", "W2123639897", "W2257854818", "W2274553047", "W2096488278", "W2130526187"], "title": "The acacia ants revisited: convergent evolution and biogeographic context in an iconic ant/plant mutualism.", "abstract": "phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses can enhance our understanding of multispecies interactions by placing the origin and evolution of such interactions in a temporal and geographical context. we use a phylogenomic approach-ultraconserved element sequence capture-to investigate the evolutionary history of an iconic multispecies mutualism: neotropical acacia ants (pseudomyrmex ferrugineus group) and their associated vachellia hostplants. in this system, the ants receive shelter and food from the host plant, and they aggressively defend the plant against herbivores and competing plants. we confirm the existence of two separate lineages of obligate acacia ants that convergently occupied vachellia and evolved plant-protecting behaviour, from timid ancestors inhabiting dead twigs in rainforest. the more diverse of the two clades is inferred to have arisen in the late miocene in northern mesoamerica, and subsequently expanded its range throughout much of central america. the other lineage is estimated to have originated in southern mesoamerica about 3 myr later, apparently piggy-backing on the pre-existing mutualism. initiation of the pseudomyrmex/vachellia interaction involved a shift in the ants from closed to open habitats, into an environment with more intense plant herbivory. comparative studies of the two lineages of mutualists should provide insight into the essential features binding this mutualism.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2016.2569", "petalID": 593, "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/15/12/125022", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "active_movement", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "coordinate_by_self-organization", "manage_pests_or_diseases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/15/12/125022/meta#artAbst", "mag_terms": ["wave propagation", "hexagonal lattice", "classical mechanics", "emperor", "meteorology", "physics", "lattice defects", "traveling wave"], "species": ["plants", "pseudomyrmex ferrugineus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.033898305084745, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W1966327407", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V107775873"], "venue_names": ["Hydrobiologia", "Environmental Science and Pollution Research", "Chemosphere", "Frontiers in Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2630298891"], "author_names": ["Sarah L. Armstrong"], "reference_ids": ["W2041491516", "W2079083999", "W1967361662", "W2143704734", "W2028559889", "W2078621198", "W318999755", "W2060691345", "W2067157380", "W1999450500", "W3090307101", "W2095401492"], "title": "The behavior in flow of the morphologically variable seaweed Hedophyllum sessile (C. Ag.) Setchell", "abstract": "drag force was measured on individual specimens of hedophyllum sessile in a variable-speed flow tank. those from sheltered localities, which are broad, bullate blades, experience greater drag at a given water velocity than ones from localities more exposed to the action of waves, which have smooth, deeply dissected blades. all specimens rearranged their blades as water velocity increased, resulting in a decrease in effective drag at higher water speeds, but individuals with smooth, dissected blades assumed a more compact shape at high current speeds and thus reduced their effective drag over that of broad-bladed individuals at the same speed. in habitats chronically exposed to strong wave action, drag reduction may be an important survival mechanism; in calm habitats the turbulence induced by lack of such streamlining may enhance mixing of the water in the immediate vicinity of a plant.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 594, "doi": "10.3389/FMICB.2016.01836", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_break_down"], "level3": ["chemically_break_down_organic_compounds", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01836/full", "mag_terms": ["bioremediation", "environmental remediation", "soil contamination", "phytoremediation", "rhizosphere", "microorganism", "nutrient", "soil water", "environmental chemistry", "environmental science", "ecology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W1994956594", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V109682412"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Theoretical Biology", "Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells"], "author_ids": ["A2312207019", "A1599175904"], "author_names": ["Allan Witztum", "Kalman Schulgasser"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "THE MECHANICS OF SEED EXPULSION IN ACANTHACEAE", "abstract": "abstract the bilocular seed capsules of species on the acanthaceae subfamily acanthoideae are either hygrochastic or xerochastic, but in both cases the mechanism for seed expulsion is similar; only the \u201ctrigger\u201d differs in the two instances. the drying of the capsule results in the storage of elastic energy in the capsule valves. the failure of the seam joining the two values precipitates the conversion of the elastic potential energy stored in the valves and seeds. in the hygrochastic case the failure is due to moisture absorption on wetting of the capsule beak which weakens the pectic \u201cglue\u201d; in the xerochastic case the seam failure is due simply to the high stress in the bonding layer at some degree of desiccation. this paper explains quantitatively how the anatomy of the capsule efficiently imports high initial expulsion velocity to the seeds in order to maximize their range. the specific example considered inruellia brittonianaleonard, a cultivated shrub native to mexico, but the situation is similar for the entire acanthoideae subfamily.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 595, "doi": "10.1016/J.SOLMAT.2008.08.009", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_light", "protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024808002729?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["solar energy", "water flow", "radiative transfer", "radiative cooling", "absorption", "solar cell", "sunlight", "temperature control", "optics", "chemistry"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2125962533", "mesh_terms": ["Animal Migration", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Chiroptera", "Flight, Animal", "Wings, Animal", "Animal Migration", "Animals", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Brazil", "Chiroptera", "Energy Metabolism", "Flight, Animal", "Phylogeny", "Regional Blood Flow", "Regional Blood Flow", "Texas", "Wings, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V103356783"], "venue_names": ["Integrative and Comparative Biology", "Journal of Forensic Sciences", "Proceedings of the Royal Society A"], "author_ids": ["A2011649204", "A2103962918", "A2164920108", "A2133215257", "A2159134829"], "author_names": ["Jonathan D. Reichard", "Suresh I. Prajapati", "Steven N. Austad", "Charles Keller", "Thomas H. Kunz"], "reference_ids": ["W162393685", "W2173731882", "W1518861205", "W2270818957", "W1969859809", "W1999132232", "W2007577641", "W2019002790", "W2113918460", "W2346594770", "W1971964225", "W1987611530", "W2332725874", "W2014152801", "W2143243205", "W2151158605", "W1534857865", "W2043132117", "W2054081354", "W2145564542", "W1964116400", "W1989936261", "W2115342514", "W2260611006", "W2142943897", "W2154838939", "W2132211547", "W2411195189", "W2014893043", "W2035366044", "W2177240196", "W2282642091", "W2010009540", "W2314926459", "W2002707008", "W2330407677", "W2057012086", "W2106072847", "W2326842785", "W1972684236", "W2338536663", "W2019392282", "W2072805590", "W2405424666", "W2122325856", "W2136821236", "W2409664620", "W2070189466", "W2108585582", "W2611511275", "W2033555", "W2026851420", "W2318109496", "W1605379723", "W2185675811", "W1998382670", "W2055358064"], "title": "Thermal windows on Brazilian free-tailed bats facilitate thermoregulation during prolonged flight", "abstract": "the brazilian free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis) experiences challenging thermal conditions while roosting in hot caves, flying during warm daylight conditions, and foraging at cool high altitudes. using thermal infrared cameras, we identified hot spots along the flanks of free-ranging brazilian free-tailed bats, ventral to the extended wings. these hot spots are absent in syntopic cave myotis (myotis velifer), a species that forages over relatively short distances, and does not engage in long-distance migration. we hypothesized that the hot spots, or radiators, on brazilian free-tailed bats may be adaptations for migration, particularly in this long-distance, high-flying species. we examined the vasculature of radiators on brazilian free-tailed bats with transillumination to characterize the unique arrangements of arteries and veins that are positioned perpendicular to the body in the proximal region of the wing. we hypothesized that these radiators aid in maintaining heat balance by flushing the uninsulated thermal window with warm blood, thereby dissipating heat while bats are flying under warm conditions, but shunting blood away and conserving heat when they are flying in cooler air at high altitudes. we also examined fluid-preserved specimens representing 122 species from 15 of 18 chiropteran families and radiators appeared present only in species in the family molossidae, including both sedentary and migratory species and subspecies. thus, the radiator appears to be a unique trait that may facilitate energy balance and water balance during sustained dispersal, foraging, and long-distance migration.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://academic.oup.com/icb/article-pdf/50/3/358/17056009/icq033.pdf", "petalID": 596, "doi": "10.1111/J.1556-4029.2011.01773.X", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["send_signals", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals", "send_chemical_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01773.x", "mag_terms": ["entrainment", "buoyancy", "particulates", "petroleum engineering", "ecology", "chemistry", "bodily secretions", "bubble bursting", "research needs"], "species": ["brazilian free-tailed bat", "myotis velifer", "molossidae", "free-tailed bats", "tadarida brasiliensis", "cave myotis", "myotis", "velifer", "bats"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.014492753623188002, 0.014492753623188002, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.014492753623188002, 0.014492753623188002, 0.057971014492753006], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.25, 0.25, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.25, 0.25, 1.0]}, @@ -600,11 +600,11 @@ {"paper": "W2057786676", "mesh_terms": ["Biological Evolution", "Ecosystem", "Fishes", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Invertebrates", "Luminescence", "Seawater", "Animals", "Biodiversity", "Fishes", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Invertebrates", "Luciferases", "Luciferases", "Luminescent Measurements", "Luminescent Proteins", "Oceans and Seas", "Seawater", "Selection, Genetic", "Species Specificity", "Symbiosis"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2027606104"], "author_names": ["Edith A. Widder"], "reference_ids": ["W2099274157", "W2054963567", "W2061819601", "W2083894061", "W2146676486", "W2323377819", "W2149887988", "W1954615263", "W2142081438", "W2051930982", "W2139857070", "W2167441795", "W2162083388", "W2111866316", "W2124058810", "W2013867010", "W2036695923", "W2111642179", "W2150710770", "W2114454136", "W2485470273", "W1506910355", "W2026322256", "W628685513", "W2105448371", "W2149211959", "W2003122670", "W2094084293", "W2021273689", "W2052207212", "W1590162527", "W2073482707", "W2113734311", "W1654073457"], "title": "Bioluminescence in the Ocean: Origins of Biological, Chemical, and Ecological Diversity", "abstract": "from bacteria to fish, a remarkable variety of marine life depends on bioluminescence (the chemical generation of light) for finding food, attracting mates, and evading predators. disparate biochemical systems and diverse phylogenetic distribution patterns of light-emitting organisms highlight the ecological benefits of bioluminescence, with biochemical and genetic analyses providing new insights into the mechanisms of its evolution. the origins and functions of some bioluminescent systems, however, remain obscure. here, i review recent advances in understanding bioluminescence in the ocean and highlight future research efforts that will unite molecular details with ecological and evolutionary relationships.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 598, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1106904108", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "attach"], "level2": ["active_movement", "attach_temporarily"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/108/34/E550", "mag_terms": ["flagellum", "giardia lamblia", "beat", "giardia", "motility", "biophysics", "anatomy", "biology", "free swimming", "image sampling", "microscopic imaging"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.032258064516129004], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2111569769", "mesh_terms": ["Ferric Compounds", "Fimbriae, Bacterial", "Geobacter", "Nanostructures", "Biotechnology", "Electric Conductivity", "Electron Transport", "Ferric Compounds", "Fimbriae Proteins", "Fimbriae Proteins", "Fimbriae Proteins", "Fimbriae Proteins", "Fimbriae, Bacterial", "Fimbriae, Bacterial", "Fimbriae, Bacterial", "Genes, Bacterial", "Genes, Bacterial", "Geobacter", "Geobacter", "Microscopy, Atomic Force", "Microscopy, Electron, Transmission", "Mutation", "Mutation", "Phylogeny"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2234250866", "A2136831697", "A2308808787", "A2310834465", "A2017805199", "A2005465671"], "author_names": ["Gemma Reguera", "Kevin D. McCarthy", "Teena Mehta", "Julie S. Nicoll", "Mark T. Tuominen", "Derek R. Lovley"], "reference_ids": ["W1910217022", "W2010127893", "W2167768388", "W2100563793", "W2019500447", "W2142132096", "W2102819938", "W2119609041", "W2097706568", "W1851503055", "W2067477145", "W2110891418", "W2180848182", "W1996835973", "W2059294660", "W2055193676", "W2128363112", "W2147540038", "W2055521663", "W223359304", "W1502937395", "W2095490214", "W2118215239", "W2164513556", "W1877832899", "W2135819136", "W2161693065"], "title": "Extracellular electron transfer via microbial nanowires.", "abstract": "microbes that can transfer electrons to extracellular electron acceptors, such as fe(iii) oxides, are important in organic matter degradation and nutrient cycling in soils and sediments. previous investigations on electron transfer to fe(iii) have focused on the role of outer-membrane c-type cytochromes. however, some fe(iii) reducers lack c-cytochromes. geobacter species, which are the predominant fe(iii) reducers in many environments, must directly contact fe(iii) oxides to reduce them, and produce monolateral pili that were proposed, on the basis of the role of pili in other organisms, to aid in establishing contact with the fe(iii) oxides. here we report that a pilus-deficient mutant of geobacter sulfurreducens could not reduce fe(iii) oxides but could attach to them. conducting-probe atomic force microscopy revealed that the pili were highly conductive. these results indicate that the pili of g. sulfurreducens might serve as biological nanowires, transferring electrons from the cell surface to the surface of fe(iii) oxides. electron transfer through pili indicates possibilities for other unique cell-surface and cell-cell interactions, and for bioengineering of novel conductive materials.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 599, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.055996", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "attach"], "level2": ["manage_external_forces", "attach_permanently"], "level3": ["manage_impact", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/17/2988", "mag_terms": ["larinioides cornutus", "thread", "extensibility", "viscoelasticity", "humidity", "spider", "plasticity", "weaving", "composite material", "materials science", "polymer chemistry"], "species": ["geobacter sulfurreducens"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015151515151515001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2117029250", "mesh_terms": ["Acclimatization", "Environment", "Epidermis", "Lipids", "Songbirds", "Temperature", "Water Loss, Insensible", "Acclimatization", "Analysis of Variance", "Animals", "Ceramides", "Epidermis", "Fatty Acids, Nonesterified", "Lipids", "Netherlands", "Saudi Arabia", "Songbirds", "Water Loss, Insensible"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Physiological and Biochemical Zoology"], "author_ids": ["A2505828559", "A779806062", "A2237748386"], "author_names": ["Michael J. Haugen", "B. Irene Tieleman", "Joseph B. Williams"], "reference_ids": ["W574178638", "W1989514904", "W2169681605", "W2027413050", "W2017415989", "W2169484065", "W2163624874", "W2082184753", "W2320350594", "W181562993", "W2099910510", "W1979144457", "W2171684272", "W2025669333", "W2012960115", "W2506338536", "W1995180121", "W2087295650", "W2034082744", "W2013052027", "W2031023641", "W2172956642", "W2151967603", "W2186787346", "W1963763517", "W2008160700", "W2122844157", "W1963892465", "W2144361336", "W2089547789", "W2014203632", "W2324241673", "W2031573366", "W128536076", "W2033360794", "W2042824450", "W1923124898", "W2012444095", "W2174509007"], "title": "Phenotypic flexibility in cutaneous water loss and lipids of the stratum corneum", "abstract": "when vertebrates invaded land during the carboniferous period, they were exposed not only to new ecological opportunities but also to a desiccating environment. to maintain cellular water homeostasis, natural selection modified the integument of pioneering terrestrial animals, enabling them to reduce water loss through the skin. in desert environments, where ambient temperatures (ta) can reach 50\u00b0c, relative humidities are low and drinking water is scarce, integumentary modifications that reduce cutaneous water loss (cwl) could be fundamental to survival. previous research has shown that hoopoe larks (alaemon alaudipes) from the arabian desert reduced cwl when acclimated to 35\u00b0c compared with individuals at 15\u00b0c, but skylarks ( alauda arvensis) and woodlarks (lullula arborea), from the netherlands, and dunn's larks ( eremalauda dunni), also from the arabian desert, did not. here, we test the idea that hoopoe larks acclimated to 35\u00b0c would alter the lipid composition of their stratum corneum (sc), resulting in a decrease in cwl, but that skylarks, woodlarks and dunn's larks would not. specifically, we hypothesized that hoopoe larks, acclimated to 35\u00b0c, would increase the proportions of polar ceramide content and decrease the proportions of free fatty acids in their sc compared with individuals acclimated to 15\u00b0c. results showed that hoopoe larks at 35\u00b0c had lower cwl and higher proportions of total ceramides but lower proportions of free fatty acids and sterols in their sc. we demonstrate that adjustments in ratios of lipid classes in the sc are associated with changes in cwl in hoopoe larks. summary", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/62751386/Phenotypic_flexibility_in_cutaneous_water_loss_and_lipids_of_the_stratum_corneum.pdf", "petalID": 600, "doi": "10.1086/380213", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_loss_of_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/380213", "mag_terms": ["stratum corneum", "dry weight", "arid", "humidity", "animal science", "botany", "biology", "fatty acids nonesterified", "moisture gradient"], "species": ["vertebrates", "lullula arborea", "alauda arvensis", "alaemon alaudipes", "eremalauda dunni", "larks"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0125, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.125], "relative_relevancy": [0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2166079868", "mesh_terms": ["Azo Compounds", "Biodegradation, Environmental", "Coloring Agents", "Sewage", "Waste Disposal, Fluid", "Water Purification", "Amines", "Amines", "Azo Compounds", "Bacteria, Anaerobic", "Benzenesulfonates", "Coloring Agents", "Coloring Agents", "Industrial Waste", "Models, Chemical", "Organic Chemicals", "Sulfanilic Acids", "Sulfanilic Acids", "Time Factors", "Waste Disposal, Fluid", "Water Purification"], "venue_ids": ["V53450646"], "venue_names": ["Water Science and Technology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A710411097", "A413561137"], "author_names": ["N. A. Yemashova", "Sergey Kalyuzhnyi"], "reference_ids": ["W2034620112", "W1979592228", "W1974780328", "W2119464059", "W1511955621", "W1604598052", "W2136341594", "W1989698922", "W2050287167", "W2007808804", "W2054699676", "W2118056148", "W1585666977", "W1966719101", "W2074962601", "W2006021176", "W1969587715", "W2051142023"], "title": "Microbial conversion of selected azo dyes and their breakdown products", "abstract": "four selected azo dyes (acid orange 6, acid orange 7, methyl orange and methyl red) were completely decolourised in the presence of anaerobic granular sludge, while only methyl red was degraded in aerobic conditions using a conventional activated sludge. additional experiments with culture broth devoid of cells showed that anaerobic decolourisation of azo dyes was performed by extracellular reducing agents produced by anaerobic bacteria. this was further confirmed by abiotic experiments with sulphide and nadh. the presence of redox mediators such as riboflavin led to dramatic acceleration of the anaerobic biodecolourisation process. the azo dye reduction products were found to be sulphanilic acid and 4-aminoresorcinol for acid orange 6; sulphanilic acid and 1-amino-2-naphthol for acid orange 7; n,n-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and sulphanilic acid for methyl orange; and n,n-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and anthranilic acid for methyl red. anaerobic toxicity assays showed that the azo dyes were more toxic than their breakdown products (aromatic amines), except 1-amino-2-naphthol. in the presence of activated sludge, only anthranilic acid was completely mineralised while sulphanilic acid was persistent. 4-aminoresorcinol, 1-amino-2-naphthol and n,n-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine underwent autooxidation in aerobic conditions yielding coloured polymeric products. on the contrary, in the presence of granular methanogenic sludge, 4-aminoresorcinol, 1-amino-2-naphthol and anthranilic acid were quantitatively methanised, sulphanilic acid was partially (70%) mineralised while n,n-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine was only demethylated producing 1,4-phenylenediamine as an end product.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 601, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0912254107", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids", "capture_solids", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/107/5/2082", "mag_terms": ["marine toxin", "predation", "dinoflagellate", "fish kill", "algal bloom", "toxin", "diel vertical migration", "food chain", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014925373134328], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2166079868", "mesh_terms": ["Azo Compounds", "Biodegradation, Environmental", "Coloring Agents", "Sewage", "Waste Disposal, Fluid", "Water Purification", "Amines", "Amines", "Azo Compounds", "Bacteria, Anaerobic", "Benzenesulfonates", "Coloring Agents", "Coloring Agents", "Industrial Waste", "Models, Chemical", "Organic Chemicals", "Sulfanilic Acids", "Sulfanilic Acids", "Time Factors", "Waste Disposal, Fluid", "Water Purification"], "venue_ids": ["V53450646"], "venue_names": ["Water Science and Technology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A710411097", "A413561137"], "author_names": ["N. A. Yemashova", "Sergey Kalyuzhnyi"], "reference_ids": ["W2034620112", "W1979592228", "W1974780328", "W2119464059", "W1511955621", "W1604598052", "W2136341594", "W1989698922", "W2050287167", "W2007808804", "W2054699676", "W2118056148", "W1585666977", "W1966719101", "W2074962601", "W2006021176", "W1969587715", "W2051142023"], "title": "Microbial conversion of selected azo dyes and their breakdown products", "abstract": "four selected azo dyes (acid orange 6, acid orange 7, methyl orange and methyl red) were completely decolourised in the presence of anaerobic granular sludge, while only methyl red was degraded in aerobic conditions using a conventional activated sludge. additional experiments with culture broth devoid of cells showed that anaerobic decolourisation of azo dyes was performed by extracellular reducing agents produced by anaerobic bacteria. this was further confirmed by abiotic experiments with sulphide and nadh. the presence of redox mediators such as riboflavin led to dramatic acceleration of the anaerobic biodecolourisation process. the azo dye reduction products were found to be sulphanilic acid and 4-aminoresorcinol for acid orange 6; sulphanilic acid and 1-amino-2-naphthol for acid orange 7; n,n-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and sulphanilic acid for methyl orange; and n,n-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and anthranilic acid for methyl red. anaerobic toxicity assays showed that the azo dyes were more toxic than their breakdown products (aromatic amines), except 1-amino-2-naphthol. in the presence of activated sludge, only anthranilic acid was completely mineralised while sulphanilic acid was persistent. 4-aminoresorcinol, 1-amino-2-naphthol and n,n-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine underwent autooxidation in aerobic conditions yielding coloured polymeric products. on the contrary, in the presence of granular methanogenic sludge, 4-aminoresorcinol, 1-amino-2-naphthol and anthranilic acid were quantitatively methanised, sulphanilic acid was partially (70%) mineralised while n,n-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine was only demethylated producing 1,4-phenylenediamine as an end product.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 601, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0912254107", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids", "capture_solids", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/107/5/2082", "mag_terms": ["marine toxin", "predation", "dinoflagellate", "fish kill", "algal bloom", "toxin", "diel vertical migration", "food chain", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014925373134328], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2153241767", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V174303711", "V174303711"], "venue_names": ["Functional Ecology", "Functional Ecology", "Biomacromolecules", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2141600295", "A2232088948", "A1484489952", "A2118769104", "A2435481280", "A2118273035"], "author_names": ["Rafael Rubio de Casas", "Pablo Vargas", "Esther P\u00e9rez-Corona", "Esteban Manrique", "Carlos Garc\u00eda-Verdugo", "Luis Balaguer"], "reference_ids": ["W2052747731", "W2160427043", "W2150734341", "W2080850930", "W2018135213", "W2037877427", "W2081155498", "W2127651247", "W1553484125", "W2087418152", "W2116720571", "W2148223860", "W2001223187", "W2060378274", "W1919772617", "W2060510093", "W2086645259", "W2085818444", "W2094669034", "W2126211738", "W3086315876", "W2044763184", "W2148268491", "W1526961839", "W1998610629", "W2112766585", "W2060872808", "W2103643209", "W2139590843", "W2162157671", "W2113821300", "W2114464273", "W2165604087", "W2077673910", "W2130866460", "W1990510254", "W2071725864", "W2037122754", "W2089938084", "W2012785947", "W2084596541", "W2161863335", "W2161152190", "W2152749757", "W1972411460", "W1984390786", "W2124691518", "W2147629643", "W2148565451", "W2116044670", "W2151418952", "W2070561810"], "title": "Sun and shade leaves of Olea europaea respond differently to plant size, light availability and genetic variation", "abstract": "1. canopy plasticity, the expression of different leaf phenotypes within the crown of an individual tree has complex functional and evolutionary implications that remain to be thoroughly assessed. we hypothesized that it can lead to disparity in how leaves in different positions of the canopy change with allometric growth and population genetic structure. \r\n2. leaf phenotypes of the inner and outer canopy were estimated using eight morphological and physiological characters. all traits were measured under field conditions in six populations of olea europaea and again in a common garden for a subset of the genotypes. the same populations were characterized genetically with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp) genomic scans. with these data, we investigated the extent to which leaf phenotypes change with plant size, genetic processes and in response to environmental conditions inside and outside the canopy.\r\n3. the size of trees measured in the field was clearly associated with the phenotype of sun but not to that of shade leaves. the phenotype of sun leaves depended on both direct and diffuse light, while that of shade leaves was found to correlate only with diffuse radiation. additionally, light availability inside the canopy was conditioned by the shape of external leaves, and increasing elongation of sun leaves led to higher radiation in the inner canopy.\r\n4. the field phenotypes of both inner and outer canopy leaves were correlated with genetic variation among populations. conversely, in the common garden, the different genotypes expressed a homogeneous sun phenotype, while phenotypic differences among populations remained apparent in shade leaves.\r\n5. we conclude that, in agreement with our working hypothesis, canopy plasticity is both cause and consequence of the environment experienced by the plant and might lead to the differential expression of genetic polymorphisms among leaves. furthermore, we propose that it can contribute to buffer abiotic stress and to the partition of light use within the tree crown.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01851.x", "petalID": 602, "doi": "10.1021/BM049899T", "level1": ["attach", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["attach_permanently", "chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/bm049899t", "mag_terms": ["liquid crystal", "polymer", "reaction injection molding", "copolymer", "bent molecular geometry", "mytilus", "crystallography", "thread", "materials science", "forming processes", "stereochemistry"], "species": ["olea europaea"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009900990099009], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2049500581", "mesh_terms": ["Chitin", "Insect Proteins", "Tribolium", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Animals", "Base Sequence", "Chitin", "Chitin Synthase", "Chitin Synthase", "Chitinases", "Chitinases", "DNA Primers", "DNA Primers", "Drosophila Proteins", "Drosophila Proteins", "Extracellular Matrix", "Extracellular Matrix", "Genes, Insect", "Insect Proteins", "Insect Proteins", "Insect Proteins", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Molting", "Molting", "Molting", "Phylogeny", "RNA Interference", "Sequence Homology, Amino Acid", "Tribolium", "Tribolium", "Tribolium"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine", "American Journal of Physiology", "Sturkie's Avian Physiology, 6th Edition"], "author_ids": ["A2670544203", "A2088010931", "A2111869131", "A297983169", "A2108226020", "A2128281924", "A2118844969", "A2124778069", "A2921339358"], "author_names": ["Sujata S. Chaudhari", "Yasuyuki Arakane", "Charles A. Specht", "Bernard Moussian", "Daniel L. Boyle", "Yoonseong Park", "Karl J. Kramer", "Richard W. Beeman", "Subbaratnam Muthukrishnan"], "reference_ids": ["W2002919985", "W1986716546", "W2025245605", "W1862572695", "W2127818500", "W2109293107", "W2065644654", "W1976879480", "W2094974659", "W1977568494", "W2035544799", "W2027906097", "W2125121305", "W2151156122", "W2044094108", "W2131796587", "W1931547204", "W2064344972", "W2096814446"], "title": "Knickkopf protein protects and organizes chitin in the newly synthesized insect exoskeleton", "abstract": "during each molting cycle of insect development, synthesis of new cuticle occurs concurrently with the partial degradation of the overlying old exoskeleton. protection of the newly synthesized cuticle from molting fluid enzymes has long been attributed to the presence of an impermeable envelope layer that was thought to serve as a physical barrier, preventing molting fluid enzymes from accessing the new cuticle and thereby ensuring selective degradation of only the old one. in this study, using the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, as a model insect species, we show that an entirely different and unexpected mechanism accounts for the selective action of chitinases and possibly other molting enzymes. the molting fluid enzyme chitinase, which degrades the matrix polysaccharide chitin, is not excluded from the newly synthesized cuticle as previously assumed. instead, the new cuticle is protected from chitinase action by the t. castaneum knickkopf (tcknk) protein. tcknk colocalizes with chitin in the new cuticle and organizes it into laminae. down-regulation of tcknk results in chitinase-dependent loss of chitin, severe molting defects, and lethality at all developmental stages. the conservation of knickkopf across insect, crustacean, and nematode taxa suggests that its critical roles in the laminar ordering and protection of exoskeletal chitin may be common to all chitinous invertebrates.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/108/41/17028.full.pdf", "petalID": 603, "doi": "10.1152/AJPLEGACY.1969.217.5.1504", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.5.1504", "mag_terms": ["biology", "biophysics", "heat stress", "physiological responses"], "species": ["tribolium castaneum", "red flour beetle", "tribolium"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015384615384615, 0.0, 0.015384615384615], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2144114626", "mesh_terms": ["Porifera", "Porifera", "Silicon Dioxide", "Animals", "Porifera", "Porifera", "Porifera", "Silicon Dioxide", "Silicon Dioxide", "Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "Biological Bulletin"], "author_ids": ["A2248709686", "A2105939636", "A2158914953", "A1994643511", "A1169047180", "A2307038647", "A2037923257", "A2109503662"], "author_names": ["Xiaohong Wang", "Matthias Wiens", "Heinz C. Schr\u00f6der", "Klaus Peter Jochum", "Ute Schlo\u00dfmacher", "Hermann G\u00f6tz", "Heinz Duschner", "Werner E.G. M\u00fcller"], "reference_ids": ["W2079397807", "W2107450008", "W2164879214", "W2006572545", "W2049017824", "W2476837248", "W1972521030", "W2079787699", "W2331729503", "W2042908236", "W1966649089", "W2086940922", "W1530061122", "W2134025854", "W1998548649", "W2024869542", "W2064676405", "W2125563018", "W2308985047", "W1496906569", "W2087536102", "W2137570691", "W2030048712", "W2317751693", "W24110423", "W1980996601", "W2064169983", "W2087623221", "W1530118373", "W2005083439", "W578783937", "W1977454927", "W1585635803", "W2032848571", "W1997386410", "W2021139727", "W2081562418", "W2235288351", "W624863747", "W2048862137", "W2004162417", "W2051852674", "W2057096130", "W1980228999", "W2149295320", "W2131207346", "W1508118853", "W2142670721", "W2016782258", "W2060234728", "W2156440070", "W1543898831", "W1593043710", "W2085080875", "W2044915931", "W2161913494", "W1499750442", "W2161993548", "W1986989649", "W2071865776", "W3152372561"], "title": "Circumferential spicule growth by pericellular silica deposition in the hexactinellid sponge Monorhaphis chuni", "abstract": "summary represents the longest natural siliceous structure on earth. this spicule is composed of concentrically arranged lamellae that are approximately 10 \u03bcm thick. in the present study, we investigated the formation of outer lamellae on a cellular level using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. it is shown that the formation of an outermost lamella begins with the association of cell clusters with the surface of the thickening and/or growing spicule. the cells release silica for controlled formation of a lamella. the pericellular (silica) material fuses to a delimited and textured layer of silica with depressions approximately 20\u201330 \u03bcm in diameter. the newly formed layer initially displays 40 \u03bcm wide, well-structured banded ribbons and only attains its plain surface in a final step. the chemical composition in the depressions was studied using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and by staining with texas red. the data suggest that those depressions are the nests for the silica-forming cells and that silica formation starts with a direct association of silica-forming cells with the outer surface of the spicule, where they remain and initiate the development of the next lamellae.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/12/2047.full.pdf", "petalID": 604, "doi": "10.2307/1538612", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["store_resources"], "level3": ["store_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1538612?seq=1", "mag_terms": ["rete mirabile", "oxygen", "limiting factor", "dissociation", "efferent", "deep sea", "biophysics", "anatomy", "biology", "afferent", "counter current"], "species": ["monorhaphis chuni"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0]}, - {"paper": "W1996669130", "mesh_terms": ["Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "DNA-Binding Proteins", "Flowers", "Light", "Transcription Factors", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "DNA-Binding Proteins", "Flowers", "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant", "MADS Domain Proteins", "MADS Domain Proteins", "Mutation", "Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein", "Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein", "Photoperiod", "RNA, Messenger", "RNA, Messenger", "Transcription Factors"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V42294715", "V42294715"], "venue_names": ["Plant Physiology", "Plant Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2095686308", "A2171341366", "A2225437312"], "author_names": ["Sang Yeol Kim", "Xuhong Yu", "Scott D. Michaels"], "reference_ids": ["W1662807310", "W1979936449", "W2114800743", "W2161383897", "W2083835571", "W2145541181", "W2063565759", "W2066672169", "W2095861170", "W2133723991", "W1501460217", "W2006473812", "W2136085850", "W2140183339", "W2171224768", "W2017126312", "W2053990388", "W2153353596", "W1986055851", "W2025317003", "W2127483850", "W1502069355", "W1985404347", "W2087268371", "W1927381644", "W2039960550", "W2141429272", "W2014510732", "W2170982461", "W1996035683", "W2038702312", "W2065750839", "W2063226345", "W1832864446", "W2030501883", "W2047858731", "W2158061581", "W1979095629", "W2136807886", "W2000114776", "W2067387615", "W2146854296", "W1969743795", "W2047889986", "W2142124646", "W2133757548", "W2083783640", "W2102275974", "W2146865704", "W2169965633", "W1966455679", "W2036656803", "W2018604999", "W2035736338", "W2177604546", "W2091999870", "W2062564328", "W2083813297", "W2133282072", "W2105665441"], "title": "Regulation of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Response to Changing Light Quality", "abstract": "in addition to pathways that regulate flowering in response to environmental signals such as photoperiod or cold temperatures (vernalization), flowering time is also regulated by light quality. in many species, far-red (fr) light is known to accelerate flowering. this is environmentally significant because leaves absorb more red light than fr light; thus, plants growing under a canopy experience light that is enriched in fr light. in this article, we have explored the promotion of flowering by fr-enriched light (frel) in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). previous work has shown that the floral promoter constans (co) plays a critical role in day-length perception and exhibits complex regulation; co mrna is regulated by the circadian clock and co protein is stabilized by light and degraded in darkness. we find that plants grown under frel contain higher levels of co mrna in the early part of the day than plants under white light. furthermore, transgenic plants expressing co under the control of a constitutive promoter accumulate higher levels of co protein under frel, indicating that frel can increase co protein levels independently of transcription. consistent with the model that frel promotes flowering through co, mutants for co or gigantea, which are required for co transcript accumulation, are relatively insensitive to frel. because the red:fr ratios used in these experiments are in the range of what plants would experience under a canopy, these results indicate that the regulation of co by light quality likely plays a key role in the regulation of flowering time in natural environments.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/148/1/269.full.pdf", "petalID": 605, "doi": "10.4161/PSB.21661", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["send_signals", "group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum", "absorb_and/or_filter_gases", "capture_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3493410/", "mag_terms": ["nepenthes macrophylla", "nepenthes rajah", "nepenthes burbidgeae", "sarraceniaceae", "nepenthes lowii", "nectar", "insectivore", "mutualism", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["plants", "arabidopsis thaliana"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.05747126436781601, 0.011494252873563001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.2]}, + {"paper": "W1996669130", "mesh_terms": ["Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "DNA-Binding Proteins", "Flowers", "Light", "Transcription Factors", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "DNA-Binding Proteins", "Flowers", "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant", "MADS Domain Proteins", "MADS Domain Proteins", "Mutation", "Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein", "Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein", "Photoperiod", "RNA, Messenger", "RNA, Messenger", "Transcription Factors"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V42294715", "V42294715"], "venue_names": ["Plant Physiology", "Plant Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2095686308", "A2171341366", "A2225437312"], "author_names": ["Sang Yeol Kim", "Xuhong Yu", "Scott D. Michaels"], "reference_ids": ["W1662807310", "W1979936449", "W2114800743", "W2161383897", "W2083835571", "W2145541181", "W2063565759", "W2066672169", "W2095861170", "W2133723991", "W1501460217", "W2006473812", "W2136085850", "W2140183339", "W2171224768", "W2017126312", "W2053990388", "W2153353596", "W1986055851", "W2025317003", "W2127483850", "W1502069355", "W1985404347", "W2087268371", "W1927381644", "W2039960550", "W2141429272", "W2014510732", "W2170982461", "W1996035683", "W2038702312", "W2065750839", "W2063226345", "W1832864446", "W2030501883", "W2047858731", "W2158061581", "W1979095629", "W2136807886", "W2000114776", "W2067387615", "W2146854296", "W1969743795", "W2047889986", "W2142124646", "W2133757548", "W2083783640", "W2102275974", "W2146865704", "W2169965633", "W1966455679", "W2036656803", "W2018604999", "W2035736338", "W2177604546", "W2091999870", "W2062564328", "W2083813297", "W2133282072", "W2105665441"], "title": "Regulation of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression in Response to Changing Light Quality", "abstract": "in addition to pathways that regulate flowering in response to environmental signals such as photoperiod or cold temperatures (vernalization), flowering time is also regulated by light quality. in many species, far-red (fr) light is known to accelerate flowering. this is environmentally significant because leaves absorb more red light than fr light; thus, plants growing under a canopy experience light that is enriched in fr light. in this article, we have explored the promotion of flowering by fr-enriched light (frel) in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). previous work has shown that the floral promoter constans (co) plays a critical role in day-length perception and exhibits complex regulation; co mrna is regulated by the circadian clock and co protein is stabilized by light and degraded in darkness. we find that plants grown under frel contain higher levels of co mrna in the early part of the day than plants under white light. furthermore, transgenic plants expressing co under the control of a constitutive promoter accumulate higher levels of co protein under frel, indicating that frel can increase co protein levels independently of transcription. consistent with the model that frel promotes flowering through co, mutants for co or gigantea, which are required for co transcript accumulation, are relatively insensitive to frel. because the red:fr ratios used in these experiments are in the range of what plants would experience under a canopy, these results indicate that the regulation of co by light quality likely plays a key role in the regulation of flowering time in natural environments.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/148/1/269.full.pdf", "petalID": 605, "doi": "10.4161/PSB.21661", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["send_signals", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum", "absorb_and/or_filter_gases", "capture_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3493410/", "mag_terms": ["nepenthes macrophylla", "nepenthes rajah", "nepenthes burbidgeae", "sarraceniaceae", "nepenthes lowii", "nectar", "insectivore", "mutualism", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["plants", "arabidopsis thaliana"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.05747126436781601, 0.011494252873563001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.2]}, {"paper": "W2139582806", "mesh_terms": ["Hydrodynamics", "Perciformes", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Perciformes", "Predatory Behavior"], "venue_ids": ["V202381698"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS ONE", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A1633283597", "A2318129645", "A830799741"], "author_names": ["Alberto Vailati", "Luca Zinnato", "Roberto Cerbino"], "reference_ids": ["W1977287512", "W2108064844", "W2135691373", "W2153927649", "W1608030567", "W2126488447", "W1520036242", "W2063767309", "W2085317943", "W2084136049", "W2163031729", "W1964559952", "W1573211148", "W1982684837", "W2039474689", "W2345294143", "W2053213626", "W37872590", "W2119845238", "W2326412161", "W2095432022", "W1996897600", "W2184753965", "W2020133087", "W2069567684", "W1974035814", "W1963517213", "W2137826794"], "title": "How Archer Fish Achieve a Powerful Impact: Hydrodynamic Instability of a Pulsed Jet in Toxotes jaculatrix", "abstract": "archer fish knock down insects anchored to vegetation by hitting them with a precisely aimed jet of water. the striking force of the jet at the impact is such to overcome the strong anchoring forces of insects. the origin of the effectiveness of such hunting mechanism has been long searched for inside of the fish, in the unsuccessful attempt to identify internal structures dedicated to the amplification of muscular power. here we perform a kinematic analysis of the jet emitted by two specimens of toxotes jaculatrix. we estimate that at the impact the jet conveys a typical specific power of about 3000 w/kg, which is well above the maximum specific power of the order of 500 w/kg deliverable by a vertebrate muscle. unexpectedly, we find that the amplification of muscular power occurs outside of the fish, and is due to a hydrodynamic instability of the jet akin to those occurring in drop-on-demand inkjet printing. the investigated fish are found to modulate the velocity of the jet at the orifice to favor the formation of a single, large, water drop that hits the prey abruptly with a large momentum. the observed mechanism represents a remarkable example of use of an external hydrodynamic lever that does possibly not entail the high evolutionary cost needed for the development of highly specialized internal structures dedicated to the storing of mechanical energy.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047867&type=printable", "petalID": 606, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2004.2850", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_temporarily"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2004.2850", "mag_terms": ["adhesion", "capillary action", "van der waals force", "terminal", "pulvilli", "layer", "mechanism", "footprint", "composite material", "chemistry", "nanotechnology"], "species": ["fish", "insects", "toxotes jaculatrix", "toxotes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.052631578947368, 0.035087719298245, 0.017543859649122, 0.017543859649122], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.6666666666666661, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304]}, {"paper": "W131012985", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V73268352"], "venue_names": ["Advances in Insect Physiology", "Aob Plants", "New Phytologist", "Scientific Reports"], "author_ids": ["A2126194619", "A2014857676", "A2096993431"], "author_names": ["Daniel James Rubin", "Ali Miserez", "J. Herbert Waite"], "reference_ids": ["W1972222358", "W2077751244", "W2132228365", "W2163787276", "W3021194431", "W1979954506", "W2108887370", "W2117503354", "W2412608026", "W2021458193", "W2169591862", "W3157435887", "W1968074590", "W2027692707", "W2108394001", "W2331779712", "W119625346", "W1981446774", "W2036517147", "W2041979681", "W2088933278", "W2158480602", "W2230940130", "W85832708", "W1549923431", "W1980408053", "W1995955462", "W2002905512", "W2006167320", "W2021172977", "W2022467948", "W2075908222", "W2079343624", "W2084732341", "W2102249825", "W1962585309", "W2058430348", "W2066893003", "W2083951316", "W2091545217", "W2024765751", "W2132263030", "W2226776621", "W205399897", "W1492120025", "W1994336718", "W2044602469", "W2147145721", "W2184040620", "W160840648", "W1830426133", "W1984734563", "W2045794185", "W2078630737", "W2080406023", "W1576753890", "W1976782875", "W1988251087", "W2031361749", "W249670088", "W1964395288", "W1993943589", "W2023239457", "W2027834665", "W2050837169", "W2060638007", "W2075389661", "W2167178280", "W2167188815", "W1545319228", "W2008861638", "W2041394592", "W2042265564", "W2065348613", "W2079219776", "W2135724454", "W2089011343", "W2098871123", "W2146179224", "W1530310484", "W1975157926", "W2015885001", "W2124922884", "W1556657736", "W2064362967", "W2161610542", "W2172194338", "W1485797794", "W2004626100", "W613851713", "W960987787", "W2034328738", "W2042146337", "W2045994733", "W1966265694", "W1990284528", "W2030223092", "W2091340024", "W2102361218", "W2134864542", "W1992018680", "W2040276684", "W2132125170", "W2171081570", "W600252463", "W1981972000", "W2027182484", "W2158541730", "W1586714998", "W2022464626", "W2028356706", "W2085104215", "W2093384683", "W2140894482", "W83137725", "W2042132472", "W2045498325", "W1964403279", "W1979216749", "W2004302307", "W2058345893", "W2080584000", "W2118940449", "W2153027939", "W157038330", "W1622271722", "W2074659189", "W2143965383", "W1967016453", "W2011556452", "W2044663801", "W2131796587", "W2133650431", "W2154577831", "W2056099945", "W2075236623", "W2088678572", "W1967235597", "W2019039466", "W2092900937", "W2134989721", "W2009769573", "W2049032870", "W2124614417", "W2416645747", "W1984009538", "W2056143901", "W2174964781"], "title": "Diverse Strategies of Protein Sclerotization in Marine Invertebrates: Structure\u2013Property Relationships in Natural Biomaterials", "abstract": "abstract the conventional wisdom regarding sclerotization in arthropod exoskeletons is that tissue stiffness and polyphenolic content are tightly coupled. recent progress on the biochemistry and mechanics of sclerotized structures from non-arthropod invertebrates such as mussels, polychaetes and squid suggests that this premise is too simple and needs to be more closely scrutinized. emerging mechanistic insights about structure\u2013property relationships in sclerotized extracellular composites include the following: (1) tissue stiffness can be significantly adjusted by the relative organization and density of rigid versus flexible domains in the protein components (mussel byssal thread); (2) structures can be rich in polyphenols without being sclerotized (mussel adhesive plaque); (3) stiffness and hardness can be adjusted by the relative abundance of interactions between protein-based imidazole and catecholate ligands and transition metals (polychaete jaws and mussel cuticle); (4) polyphenol-derived covalent cross-link density in a protein\u2013chitin composite offers some stiffening, but gains from incrementally controlled dehydration are far greater (squid beak); and finally, (5) protein domains, ligand and metal densities, covalent cross-linking and dehydration are elaborately manipulated to create stiffness gradients between mechanically mismatched tissues.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 607, "doi": "10.1007/S005720100108", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["send_chemical_signals", "protect_from_animals", "distribute_solids", "distribute_liquids", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0_10", "mag_terms": ["ectomycorrhizae", "mycelial cord", "ectomycorrhiza", "mycorrhiza", "cenococcum geophilum", "mycelium", "piloderma", "wilcoxina", "ecology", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["polychaetes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017543859649122], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2127679407", "mesh_terms": ["Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Cryptochromes", "Light", "Phytochrome B", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors", "Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors", "Brassinosteroids", "Brassinosteroids", "Cryptochromes", "Cryptochromes", "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant", "Indoleacetic Acids", "Indoleacetic Acids", "Mutation", "Phytochrome B", "Phytochrome B", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Leaves", "Signal Transduction"], "venue_ids": ["V67862205"], "venue_names": ["Plant Journal", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2048961516", "A2703568245", "A1220789004", "A2170188239", "A266456718", "A25486352"], "author_names": ["Mercedes M. Keller", "Yvon Jaillais", "Ullas V. Pedmale", "Javier E. Moreno", "Joanne Chory", "Carlos L. Ballar\u00e9"], "reference_ids": ["W2040667391", "W2151385152", "W2037688791", "W2127483850", "W2137317463", "W2140186784", "W2164655883", "W2012079803", "W2162767601", "W2107621023", "W2130280374", "W2079139285", "W1551691749", "W88956824", "W2013192698", "W1998336780", "W2064483138", "W2120849041", "W2055323344", "W2157874893", "W2992154626", "W2122988311", "W2136427744", "W2083801916", "W2313225210", "W1985298763", "W2028741809", "W2086654822", "W2109800411", "W2155574851", "W2978703830", "W1991716684", "W2164792480", "W2113329262", "W1991883784", "W2051254505", "W2140062023", "W2142453430", "W1996035683", "W2045567689", "W2102129193", "W2131216177", "W2131983234", "W1990232731", "W1994700942", "W2091407052", "W2114464273", "W2032913773", "W2122102835", "W1986684179", "W2073859716", "W2027370398", "W2030001397", "W2112715309", "W1550666309", "W2042279967", "W2114573291", "W1999052822", "W2129810530", "W1990806343", "W2071642624", "W2151200668", "W2170271001", "W1989535139", "W2127124269"], "title": "Cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome B control shade-avoidance responses in Arabidopsis via partially independent hormonal cascades", "abstract": "plants respond to a reduction in the red/far-red ratio (r:fr) of light, caused by the proximity of other plants, by initiating morphological changes that improve light capture. in arabidopsis, this response (shade avoidance syndrome, sas) is controlled by phytochromes (particularly phyb), and is dependent on the taa1 pathway of auxin biosynthesis. however, when grown in real canopies, we found that phyb mutants and mutants deficient in taai (sav3) still display robust sas responses to increased planting density and leaf shading. the sas morphology (leaf hyponasty and reduced lamina/petiole ratio) could be phenocopied by exposing plants to blue light attenuation. these responses to blue light attenuation required the uv-a/blue light photoreceptor cry1. moreover, they were mediated through mechanisms that showed only limited overlap with the pathways recruited by phyb inactivation. in particular, pathways for polar auxin transport, auxin biosynthesis and gibberellin signaling that are involved in sas responses to low r:fr were not required for the sas responses to blue light depletion. by contrast, the brassinosteroid response appeared to be required for the full expression of the sas phenotype under low blue light. the phyb and cry1 inactivation pathways appeared to converge in their requirement for the basic/helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors phytochrome interacting factors 4 and 5 (pif4 and pif5) to elicit the sas phenotype. our results suggest that blue light is an important control of sas responses, and that pif4 and pif5 are critical hubs for a diverse array of signaling routes that control plant architecture in canopies.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135679", "petalID": 608, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1210105109", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["send_signals", "change_structural_color"], "level3": ["send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/109/39/15712", "mag_terms": ["pollia condensata", "structural coloration", "iridescence", "pollia", "bragg s law", "optics", "biology", "biological materials", "cellulose metabolism"], "species": ["plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.034090909090909005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -640,14 +640,14 @@ {"paper": "W2156606268", "mesh_terms": ["Ants", "Behavior, Animal", "Social Behavior", "Aggression", "Aggression", "Animals", "Ants", "Ants", "Ants", "Behavior, Animal", "Cues", "Hydrocarbons", "Hydrocarbons", "Hydrocarbons", "Olfactory Perception", "Stimulation, Chemical"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["University of Konstanz - KOPS - The Institutional Repository of the University of Konstanz", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2687935358", "A2085940307", "A2924056388", "A2139498454", "A1210614083", "A2947107894"], "author_names": ["Fernando J. Guerrieri", "Volker Nehring", "Charlotte G. J\u00f8rgensen", "John Nielsen", "C. Giovanni Galizia", "Patrizia d'Ettorre"], "reference_ids": ["W1967956273", "W2018280173", "W2047902903", "W2170395879", "W2125127171", "W2154738408", "W2128482899", "W3096037662", "W2072154669", "W2236836027", "W2121690059", "W1970614221", "W1972467576", "W2071853917", "W2127468472", "W2166096122", "W1966921587", "W1973823878", "W2076543752", "W2117595922", "W2136284908", "W41510141", "W1970749598", "W2007150971", "W1765868291", "W2487614649", "W1977408203", "W2041251524", "W2112338106", "W2106272268", "W1979440660", "W2079348327", "W2004164156", "W2035005852", "W2081760785", "W2117107616", "W2150955555", "W2066638116", "W2094425219", "W2161827419", "W2000463633", "W2071451689", "W2142203797", "W3204089767"], "title": "Ants recognize foes and not friends", "abstract": "discriminating among individuals and rejecting non-group members is essential for the evolution and stability of animal societies. ants are good models for studying recognition mechanisms, because they are typically very efficient in discriminating \u2018friends\u2019 (nest-mates) from \u2018foes\u2019 (non-nest-mates). recognition in ants involves multicomponent cues encoded in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. here, we tested whether workers of the carpenter ant camponotus herculeanus use the presence and/or absence of cuticular hydrocarbons to discriminate between nest-mates and non-nest-mates. we supplemented the cuticular profile with synthetic hydrocarbons mixed to liquid food and then assessed behavioural responses using two different bioassays. our results show that (i) the presence, but not the absence, of an additional hydrocarbon elicited aggression and that (ii) among the three classes of hydrocarbons tested (unbranched, mono-methylated and dimethylated alkanes; for mono-methylated alkanes, we present a new synthetic pathway), only the dimethylated alkane was effective in eliciting aggression. our results suggest that carpenter ants use a fundamentally different mechanism for nest-mate recognition than previously thought. they do not specifically recognize nest-mates, but rather recognize and reject non-nest-mates bearing odour cues that are novel to their own colony cuticular hydrocarbon profile. this begs for a reappraisal of the mechanisms underlying recognition systems in social insects.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2690455?pdf=render", "petalID": 638, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.205.5.651", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/205/5/651", "mag_terms": ["ammonia production", "ammonia volatilization from urea", "urea", "ammonia", "excretion", "catabolism", "volatilisation", "glutamine", "environmental chemistry", "chemistry", "inorganic chemistry"], "species": ["camponotus herculeanus", "insects", "camponotus", "carpenter ants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015151515151515001, 0.015151515151515001, 0.015151515151515001, 0.015151515151515001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2171777099", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Physiological Phenomena", "Gammaproteobacteria", "Rhodopsin", "Water Microbiology", "Aerobiosis", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Archaea", "Archaea", "Archaea", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Cloning, Molecular", "Escherichia coli", "Gammaproteobacteria", "Gammaproteobacteria", "Gammaproteobacteria", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Oceans and Seas", "Photochemistry", "Photosynthesis", "Phylogeny", "Phytoplankton", "Phytoplankton", "Phytoplankton", "Protein Binding", "Proton Pumps", "Proton Pumps", "Retinaldehyde", "Retinaldehyde", "Rhodopsin", "Rhodopsins, Microbial"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Plant Signaling & Behavior"], "author_ids": ["A725265421", "A868815493", "A2018928152", "A2684163659", "A2018728164", "A2471155318", "A2076701301", "A2024086771", "A2582227049", "A2095540724", "A275552530", "A2170335316"], "author_names": ["Oded B\u00e9j\u00e0", "L. Aravind", "Eugene V. Koonin", "Marcelino T. Suzuki", "Andrew G. Hadd", "Linh Nguyen", "Stevan B. Jovanovich", "Christian M. Gates", "Robert A. Feldman", "John L. Spudich", "Elena N. Spudich", "Edward F. DeLong"], "reference_ids": ["W1978886142", "W2025031652", "W2145275570", "W2151865034", "W1515594846", "W2156603342", "W1528987874", "W2015642465", "W2073843303", "W2098558111", "W2159422272", "W1589812083", "W2164874815", "W2025702276", "W2062021082", "W2074450417", "W1972917652", "W2110501358", "W2035377657", "W2157959648", "W2066772623", "W2115357061", "W988977465", "W2148165415", "W2042563503", "W2076115496", "W2068687524", "W2078122870", "W2084567281"], "title": "Bacterial Rhodopsin: Evidence for a New Type of Phototrophy in the Sea", "abstract": "extremely halophilic archaea contain retinal-binding integral membrane proteins called bacteriorhodopsins that function as light-driven proton pumps. so far, bacteriorhodopsins capable of generating a chemiosmotic membrane potential in response to light have been demonstrated only in halophilic archaea. we describe here a type of rhodopsin derived from bacteria that was discovered through genomic analyses of naturally occuring marine bacterioplankton. the bacterial rhodopsin was encoded in the genome of an uncultivated gamma-proteobacterium and shared highest amino acid sequence similarity with archaeal rhodopsins. the protein was functionally expressed in escherichia coli and bound retinal to form an active, light-driven proton pump. the new rhodopsin exhibited a photochemical reaction cycle with intermediates and kinetics characteristic of archaeal proton-pumping rhodopsins. our results demonstrate that archaeal-like rhodopsins are broadly distributed among different taxa, including members of the domain bacteria. our data also indicate that a previously unsuspected mode of bacterially mediated light-driven energy generation may commonly occur in oceanic surface waters worldwide.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 639, "doi": "10.4161/PSB.4.9.9426", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "attach"], "level2": ["active_movement", "attach_permanently"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/psb.4.9.9426?scroll=top&needAccess=true", "mag_terms": ["climbing", "desmoncus", "hook", "climb", "ecology", "biology", "bioinformatics", "southeast asia"], "species": ["bacteria", "escherichia coli"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.041666666666666005, 0.020833333333333003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2140218415", "mesh_terms": ["Ecology", "Environment", "Fresh Water", "Water Pollution", "Wetlands", "Agriculture", "Animals", "Ecosystem", "Humans", "International Cooperation", "Soil", "Water Pollution"], "venue_ids": ["V79131028"], "venue_names": ["Trends in Ecology and Evolution", "Limnology and Oceanography", "Oceanography and Marine Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2112407714", "A107662645", "A2138997687", "A1347435185"], "author_names": ["Jos T. A. Verhoeven", "Berit Arheimer", "Chengqing Yin", "Mariet M. Hefting"], "reference_ids": ["W2053484744", "W3034333871", "W1480725800", "W1985466362", "W2077418987", "W1499434653", "W2083307126", "W2097927924", "W2163326023", "W1964713532", "W1965827652", "W1992993326", "W1993988589", "W2049134903", "W2095068443", "W2096054261", "W2165894984", "W2172554471", "W1996173520", "W2077715424", "W2151027707", "W2276914180", "W2053832805", "W2063840454", "W2128854214", "W2120377132", "W2170958921", "W86170130", "W1979102125", "W2025304568", "W2043811930", "W2331383232", "W2560208259", "W2085352572", "W2092429901", "W2054439578", "W2133410069", "W2022634695", "W2037775605", "W2082293704", "W2116246914", "W1410849050", "W2007095211", "W1877905106", "W3140191213", "W1989834201", "W2417001919", "W1517294797", "W1979993180", "W1987331653", "W2072202864", "W2091957575", "W46600740", "W1994886475", "W2065493415", "W2124601100", "W1999078114", "W2084167564", "W2172569211", "W2178068738", "W1482387639", "W2103948957", "W2060992806", "W2162405049", "W2472921743", "W1980242936", "W2287872551", "W1993596058", "W2072011318", "W2173201078", "W1986870007", "W2013437185", "W2045944371", "W1587057093", "W2073530336"], "title": "Regional and global concerns over wetlands and water quality", "abstract": "water quality in many stream catchments and river basins is severely impacted by nutrient enrichment as a result of agriculture. water-resource managers worldwide are considering the potential role of riparian zones and floodplain wetlands in improving stream-water quality, as there is evidence at the site scale that such wetlands are efficient at removing nutrients from through-flowing water. however, recent studies have highlighted disadvantages of such use of wetlands, including emissions of greenhouse gases and losses of biodiversity that result from prolonged nutrient loading. here, we discuss the water purification function of wetlands at the site and catchment scale and suggest ways in which these disadvantages could be overcome.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 640, "doi": "10.4319/LO.1977.22.6.1067", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1977.22.6.1067", "mag_terms": ["nereocystis", "egregia menziesii", "stipe", "kelp", "breakage", "abrasion", "sea urchin", "drag", "composite material", "botany", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2149329003", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V146329739"], "venue_names": ["Canadian Journal of Zoology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A2080975091", "A2051110728"], "author_names": ["Daniel K. Riskin", "M. Brock Fenton"], "reference_ids": ["W639052768", "W2070987332", "W2087298225", "W2036684204", "W2320727869", "W2142322498", "W2173575403", "W2137434240", "W1978177900", "W2135691373", "W2497891435", "W604755688", "W2157441827", "W1545181283", "W2124614417", "W2046541387", "W3193632671", "W2026242809", "W2328810857", "W1676421722", "W1968964058", "W1972946905", "W1983986205", "W1810497223", "W1970691119", "W2006639103", "W2336392114", "W2117881462", "W2143896782", "W2153981234", "W2046201110", "W2185619721"], "title": "Sticking ability in Spix's disk-winged bat, Thyroptera tricolor (Microchiroptera: Thyropteridae)", "abstract": "roosting spix's disk-winged bats, thyroptera tricolor, use disks on their wrists and ankles to cling to smooth leaves. in 584 trials we tested the ability of 31 t. tricolor and 121 other bats lacki...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 641, "doi": "10.2307/23436271", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/23436271?seq=1", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["thyroptera tricolor", "bats", "thyroptera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.07142857142857101, 0.14285714285714202, 0.07142857142857101], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0, 0.5]}, + {"paper": "W2149329003", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V146329739"], "venue_names": ["Canadian Journal of Zoology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A2080975091", "A2051110728"], "author_names": ["Daniel K. Riskin", "M. Brock Fenton"], "reference_ids": ["W639052768", "W2070987332", "W2087298225", "W2036684204", "W2320727869", "W2142322498", "W2173575403", "W2137434240", "W1978177900", "W2135691373", "W2497891435", "W604755688", "W2157441827", "W1545181283", "W2124614417", "W2046541387", "W3193632671", "W2026242809", "W2328810857", "W1676421722", "W1968964058", "W1972946905", "W1983986205", "W1810497223", "W1970691119", "W2006639103", "W2336392114", "W2117881462", "W2143896782", "W2153981234", "W2046201110", "W2185619721"], "title": "Sticking ability in Spix's disk-winged bat, Thyroptera tricolor (Microchiroptera: Thyropteridae)", "abstract": "roosting spix's disk-winged bats, thyroptera tricolor, use disks on their wrists and ankles to cling to smooth leaves. in 584 trials we tested the ability of 31 t. tricolor and 121 other bats lacki...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 641, "doi": "10.2307/23436271", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/23436271?seq=1", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["thyroptera tricolor", "bats", "thyroptera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.07142857142857101, 0.14285714285714202, 0.07142857142857101], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2038380517", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V33108253"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Bionic Engineering", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2696635990", "A2631279147"], "author_names": ["H.S. Patil", "Siddharth Vaijapurkar"], "reference_ids": ["W2069028098", "W1978252251", "W1546181848", "W2005768783", "W2111355923", "W3144883307", "W26941920", "W2170294508", "W1541965230", "W2057943976"], "title": "Study of the geometry and folding pattern of leaves of Mimosa pudica", "abstract": "many structural and functional properties possessed by plants have great potentials to stimulate new concepts and innovative ideas in the field of biomimetic engineering. the key inputs from biology can be used for creation of efficient and optimized structures. the study of the geometry and folding pattern of leaves of mimosa pudica, referred as sensitive plant, reveals some of the peculiar characteristics during folding and unfolding. when the leaf is touched, it quickly folds its leaflets and pinnae and droops downward at the petiole attachment. with the help of experiments on simulation model, the variations in angle of leaflets and degree of compaction after folding are investigated.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 642, "doi": "10.1016/0022-0981(91)90254-T", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["manage_shear", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002209819190254T?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["postelsia", "understory", "canopy", "intertidal ecology", "rocky shore", "stipe", "intertidal zone", "photosynthetically active radiation", "horticulture", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["plants", "mimosa pudica"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.032258064516129004, 0.032258064516129004], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2121199768", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V92576693"], "venue_names": ["Annual Review of Entomology", "Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A305110558"], "author_names": ["John H. Werren"], "reference_ids": ["W1827004437", "W2086888045", "W2120618285", "W2318218372", "W1482284528", "W1939621923", "W1988004812", "W2028549413", "W2091271479", "W2094843412", "W2129545241", "W2163225574", "W2266297923", "W2327971558", "W2035356837", "W2080864169", "W1990802340", "W1995545446", "W2335688276", "W2320936646", "W1871510160", "W2037504998", "W2086929273", "W2126721101", "W2314341748", "W2510292141", "W259557651", "W1980195692", "W2029815262", "W2058682816", "W2071805028", "W2073031778", "W2085536616", "W2085667487", "W2184814650", "W2078132483", "W2086729562", "W2140207430", "W2330969936", "W1976611794", "W2029598691", "W2159897359", "W2034440822", "W2076962445", "W2034492280", "W2319474769", "W2034060273", "W2149272304", "W1845170918", "W2014607480", "W2017746189", "W2061062892", "W1988966184", "W2003012121", "W2047713140", "W2093517440", "W2109953463", "W2120850995", "W3024058780", "W1860709236", "W1972939898", "W1994936098", "W1793114383", "W1965526070", "W2034507215", "W2097826893", "W2144734823", "W2184261077", "W2189182372", "W2518129659", "W654428804", "W1883203342", "W2004766215", "W2030136297", "W2031821501", "W2045755012", "W2059196218", "W2082175580", "W1977258115", "W2077274764", "W2053172669", "W2053760253", "W2075877120", "W2081569119", "W2316541698", "W1992617180", "W2268846338", "W2160329954", "W2255890624", "W2513773588", "W1990160565", "W2004770885", "W2046246962", "W174940114", "W2008634496", "W2108238159", "W2172186391", "W2320140541", "W1990863491", "W2110245892", "W2154401636", "W2160552640", "W2333766562", "W2045520086", "W2062442817", "W2102902375", "W2111621856", "W2159405313", "W1908862545", "W1984320481", "W2004681300", "W2046410927", "W2051361790", "W1914280725", "W2013047560", "W2020475019", "W2026644848", "W2026834021", "W2052451427", "W2092924632", "W2126321303", "W2124990628", "W1969550472", "W2072651108", "W2123331734"], "title": "BIOLOGY OF WOLBACHIA", "abstract": "\u25aa abstract\u2002wolbachia are a common and widespread group of bacteria found in reproductive tissues of arthropods. these bacteria are transmitted through the cytoplasm of eggs and have evolved various mechanisms for manipulating reproduction of their hosts, including induction of reproductive incompatibility, pathenogenesis, and feminization. wolbachia are also transmitted horizontally between arthropod species. significant recent advances have been made in the study of these interesting microorganisms. in this paper, wolbachia biology is reviewed, including their phylogeny and distribution, mechanisms of action, population biology and evolution, and biological control implications. potential directions for future research are also discussed.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 643, "doi": "10.1016/J.ANBEHAV.2015.09.004", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347215003358", "mag_terms": ["chickadee", "poecile", "alarm signal", "poecile rufescens", "accipiter", "glaucidium gnoma", "ambush predator", "predation", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["arthropods", "bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.028571428571428, 0.057142857142857], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2335476228", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V188482970"], "venue_names": ["The Condor", "Oecologia", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2310441598", "A2099714968"], "author_names": ["Tom J. Cade", "Gordon L. MacLean"], "reference_ids": ["W2248587857", "W2039439173", "W2008037823", "W2326243403", "W2324241673", "W2318809681", "W1986424039", "W2332453002", "W2984944814", "W1971935032", "W2747901508", "W562162142"], "title": "Transport of Water by Adult Sandgrouse to Their Young", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 644, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.193.4252.484", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/193/4252/484", "mag_terms": ["sand dune stabilization", "fog", "population", "water content", "drainage basin", "moisture", "hydrology", "ecology", "geology", "desert"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2072987040", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V153677060"], "venue_names": ["Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom", "Materials Science and Engineering"], "author_ids": ["A2241663544"], "author_names": ["Bruce H. Robison"], "reference_ids": ["W2061831405", "W2329309780", "W356154478", "W1891516560", "W1977864389", "W2078056575", "W2139691016", "W2503748586", "W2521340187", "W2112875001"], "title": "Bioluminescence in the benthopelagic holothurian Enypniastes eximia", "abstract": "enypniastes eximia (echinodermata: holothuroidea) is a prominent member of the benthic boundary layer community in deep caribbean waters. like most holothurians it feeds on benthic sediments. feeding is episodic and after collecting food on the bottom it returns to the water column at altitudes within about 50 m of the sea floor. direct observations from submersibles and laboratory studies of living specimens have shown how bioluminescence is produced. light production in e. eximia is triggered mechanically, and is produced by hundreds of granular bodies within the gelatinous integument of the animal. local stimulation yields a localized response which gradually spreads to the entire surface of the animal. broad impact yields a whole-body luminescent response. the integument of e. eximia is quite fragile, and strong physical contact readily causes the skin to be sloughed off in a glowing cloud. the degree of luminous response is a function of the severity of contact. in the laboratory the skin of e. eximia, along with its luminescent capability, regenerated rapidly. the anti-predatory role of bioluminescence in this species is apparently a \u2018burglar alarm\u2019 strategy. in the dark, near-bottom habitat, physical contact by a predator elicits light production which reveals the presence of the attacker to its own visually-cued predators.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 645, "doi": "10.1016/J.MSEC.2005.08.016", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_buckling", "prevent/allow_deformation"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092849310500216X?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["haliotis rufescens", "strombus", "conch", "compressive strength", "abalone", "giant clam", "yield", "fracture toughness", "composite material", "materials science", "fishery"], "species": ["enypniastes eximia", "echinodermata", "holothurians", "holothuroidea"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.015625, 0.015625, 0.015625], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2115993724", "mesh_terms": ["Macrophages", "Phagocytosis", "Animals", "Apoptosis", "Apoptosis", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Humans", "Legionella pneumophila", "Legionella pneumophila", "Lipopolysaccharide Receptors", "Lipopolysaccharide Receptors", "Macrophages", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Phagocytosis", "Receptors, Complement", "Receptors, Complement", "Receptors, IgG", "Receptors, IgG", "Receptors, Immunologic", "Receptors, Immunologic", "Receptors, Scavenger", "Receptors, Vitronectin", "Receptors, Vitronectin", "Salmonella typhimurium", "Salmonella typhimurium", "Vacuoles", "Vacuoles"], "venue_ids": ["V109088427"], "venue_names": ["Annual Review of Immunology", "Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews"], "author_ids": ["A1841055736", "A2131980963"], "author_names": ["Alan Aderem", "David M. Underhill"], "reference_ids": ["W1530340727", "W1533457677", "W2005873851", "W2113068755", "W2119438819", "W2120234524", "W2123076427", "W2142812822", "W2104691673", "W103569516", "W1536658618", "W2029156619", "W2147251439", "W2153356740", "W2168064391", "W2471822628", "W1549438168", "W1589063951", "W1933647785", "W1986621536", "W2018840055", "W2151172094", "W1531208435", "W1577875470", "W1645884922", "W1901576288", "W2066382395", "W2073584744", "W2095537212", "W2103147774", "W2144452002", "W2039511300", "W2056573022", "W2061834380", "W2113001027", "W2126712915", "W2007163229", "W2008450208", "W2119784689", "W2149907284", "W1510771719", "W1891269033", "W2001058312", "W2115271408", "W2168506299", "W1976319209", "W2039935925", "W2049288737", "W2113269708", "W2182298035", "W1984474514", "W1998733027", "W2155099281", "W62567512", "W1979408734", "W2004594321", "W2093226717", "W2107721036", "W2157254091", "W2165991313", "W147011734", "W2044732680", "W2112417177", "W1924646174", "W2006493954", "W2013016555", "W2076841009", "W2077048814", "W2117411464", "W2153004634", "W106950157", "W1520515680", "W1979132095", "W2096791952", "W2136812809", "W1920813350", "W2020559219", "W2078902750", "W1558287713", "W2031908200", "W2159316425", "W1568605582", "W1972108403", "W2038015187", "W2129710335", "W2149102487", "W1940692702", "W1994045773", "W1995545777", "W2014772845", "W2017628675", "W2042863201", "W2080037386", "W2101651865", "W2104603012", "W2116548822", "W2123412929", "W2187669458", "W2508906859", "W25107075", "W1567522204", "W1593705832", "W1807368877", "W1992605956", "W1995900983", "W2005284378", "W2036235431", "W2054323226", "W2096741867", "W2183064036", "W2413658434", "W1550337486", "W2054292263", "W2073831807", "W2098529903", "W1568165627", "W2161459142", "W2066974855", "W2108100159", "W1561591381", "W1973453969", "W1981995009", "W2038048357", "W2059483129", "W2093844155", "W1864777644", "W2060814715", "W1588226764", "W1983331181", "W1989760629", "W2067073014", "W2110770741", "W2111696577", "W2159113211", "W2080966713", "W2159549182", "W2005574904", "W2041338250", "W2096689375", "W2296824252", "W2425249855", "W1974541422", "W2012177306", "W2042209841", "W1557707473", "W2023497277", "W2051241441", "W2118877270", "W1990523202", "W1999932257", "W2010027678", "W2024131238", "W2090979926", "W2115235932", "W2140582776"], "title": "MECHANISMS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS IN MACROPHAGES", "abstract": "phagocytosis of pathogens by macrophages initiates the innate immune response, which in turn orchestrates the adaptive response. in order to discriminate between infectious agents and self, macrophages have evolved a restricted number of phagocytic receptors, like the mannose receptor, that recognize conserved motifs on pathogens. pathogens are also phagocytosed by complement receptors after relatively nonspecific opsonization with complement and by fc receptors after specific opsonization with antibodies. all these receptors induce rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton that lead to the internalization of the particle. however, important differences in the molecular mechanisms underlying phagocytosis by different receptors are now being appreciated. these include differences in the cytoskeletal elements that mediate ingestion, differences in vacuole maturation, and differences in inflammatory responses. infectious agents, such as m. tuberculosis, legionella pneumophila, and salmonella typhimurium, enter macrophages via heterogeneous pathways and modify vacuolar maturation in a manner that favors their survival. macrophages also play an important role in the recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells; a notable feature of this process is the absence of an inflammatory response.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 646, "doi": "10.1128/MMBR.63.4.735-750.1999", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_break_down"], "level3": ["chemically_break_down_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://mmbr.asm.org/content/63/4/735.abstract", "mag_terms": ["alkaliphile", "archaea", "laundry detergent", "microorganism", "cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase", "cellulase", "bacillus", "bacteria", "biochemistry", "biotechnology", "biology"], "species": ["legionella pneumophila"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015625], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2146885538", "mesh_terms": ["Carbon", "Carbon Dioxide", "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii", "Animals", "Biological Transport", "Carbon", "Carbon Dioxide", "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii", "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii", "Models, Biological", "Mutation"], "venue_ids": ["V177547185"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Eukaryotic Cell", "Histochemistry and Cell Biology", "Gene"], "author_ids": ["A2026594318", "A1998126049"], "author_names": ["James V. Moroney", "Ruby A. Ynalvez"], "reference_ids": ["W1970081428", "W1971702916", "W2018229624", "W2022348341", "W594660", "W2008444581", "W2040969251", "W191863067", "W1208109548", "W1998930758", "W2044153966", "W2053115860", "W2127032197", "W2163235349", "W1975328988", "W1990587600", "W2001519706", "W1989665877", "W1970691201", "W2007547146", "W2092032785", "W2174602481", "W2113460368", "W2144981946", "W2156725813", "W2780597049", "W1969715352", "W1978166271", "W2036087149", "W2137391212", "W2145322972", "W1940196377", "W1999104361", "W2010369820", "W2062463289", "W2119432202", "W1921023646", "W2018713693", "W2050952355", "W2063003128", "W2103229575", "W1970843571", "W1975129784", "W1986376054", "W2088991522", "W2785226900", "W1978767026", "W2139164188", "W1973341594", "W2068461661", "W2125330491", "W623785674", "W1541811212", "W1956389760", "W172580302", "W2047237044", "W2148825898", "W2149520503", "W1984030276", "W2034031555", "W2154340216", "W2167705142", "W2010844451", "W2027800198", "W2049934047", "W2168968971", "W1570042718", "W1842323049", "W1966954565", "W1990346700", "W2091606741", "W2100418797", "W2121703151", "W2080178814", "W2086472242", "W1672298021", "W1996829126", "W2027108849", "W2054603610", "W2017123381", "W2222841747", "W2138289353", "W2145253477", "W1978474218", "W1997880897", "W2110737305", "W2131720489", "W2148632523", "W1649174145", "W2009811115", "W2070940618", "W2118008650", "W1985578576", "W2031819833", "W2137191341", "W2476826118", "W1521130599", "W2039827225", "W2129450594", "W1967855615", "W2028693962", "W2105754203", "W2040705144", "W2063691536", "W2087548186", "W2114266476"], "title": "Proposed Carbon Dioxide Concentrating Mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii", "abstract": "aquatic photosynthetic microorganisms account for almost 50% of the world's photosynthesis ([19][1]). these organisms face several challenges in acquiring co2 from the environment. the first challenge is presented by the properties of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rubisco). rubisco is", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://ec.asm.org/content/6/8/1251.full.pdf", "petalID": 647, "doi": "10.1007/S00418-011-0904-1", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "individual_benefit", "protect_from_non-living_threats", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_microbes", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "protect_from_solids", "distribute_solids", "protect_from_excess_liquids", "expel_solids", "distribute_liquids", "expel_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00418-011-0904-1", "mag_terms": ["motile cilium", "cilium", "epithelial sodium channel", "cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator", "extracellular", "cell migration", "cytoplasm", "ion channel", "cell biology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2083140472", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V171382541"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Frontiers in Neuroanatomy", "PLOS ONE", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics"], "author_ids": ["A2798288424", "A2013677307", "A3009591202", "A2156036684", "A2936948328", "A2977241381", "A2698800614", "A1984062090", "A266909695"], "author_names": ["Raquel Riquelme", "Rafael Cediel", "Julio Contreras", "Lourdes Rodriguez-de la Rosa", "Silvia Murillo-Cuesta", "Catalina Hernandez", "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Zubeldia", "Sebasti\u00e1n Cerd\u00e1n", "Isabel Varela-Nieto"], "reference_ids": ["W1511713572", "W1993672117", "W2340324006", "W1981148605", "W2017665399", "W2079483060", "W2009161113", "W2042659157", "W2000304385", "W2403801071", "W2033318272", "W2042528531", "W2093478056", "W2021216982", "W2034555413", "W2137014644", "W1967976272", "W2163752649", "W2065329445", "W2114716357", "W2145223244", "W1972380138", "W2047798550", "W1970014778", "W2004197459", "W2170344274", "W1965534968", "W1999721410", "W2012717802", "W2163479134", "W1976723773", "W2041789657", "W2126590177", "W1596846074", "W2007293583", "W1971247019", "W2115709321", "W2027324075", "W2059674604", "W1976253288", "W1982626336", "W2016300868", "W2033040272", "W2046255877", "W2098386134", "W2027838121", "W2137604698", "W2075284108", "W2112771237", "W2113388027", "W1973328260", "W1980939023", "W2031058471", "W2051687386", "W2016861337", "W2101311674", "W1979526541", "W1990477734", "W2004351969", "W2050642282", "W1977583003", "W2010395737", "W2032756989", "W2115164007", "W1962275796"], "title": "A comparative study of age-related hearing loss in wild type and insulin-like growth factor I deficient mice", "abstract": "insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) belongs to the family of insulin-related peptides that fulfils a key role during the late development of the nervous system. human igf1 mutations cause profound deafness, poor growth and mental retardation. accordingly, igf1\u2212/\u2212 null mice are dwarfs that have low survival rates, cochlear alterations and severe sensorineural deafness. presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) is a common disorder associated with aging that causes social and cognitive problems. aging is also associated with a decrease in circulating igf-i levels and this reduction has been related to cognitive and brain alterations, although there is no information as yet regarding the relationship between presbycusis and igf-i biodisponibility. here we present a longitudinal study of wild type igf1+/+ and null igf1\u2212/\u2212 mice from 2 to 12 months of age comparing the temporal progression of several parameters: hearing, brain morphology, cochlear cytoarchitecture, insulin-related factors and igf gene expression and igf-i serum levels. complementary invasive and non-invasive techniques were used, including auditory brainstem-evoked response (abr) recordings and in vivo mri brain imaging. igf1\u2212/\u2212 null mice presented profound deafness at all the ages studied, without any obvious worsening of hearing parameters with aging. igf1+/+ wild type mice suffered significant age-related hearing loss, their auditory thresholds and peak i latencies augmenting as they aged, in parallel with a decrease in the circulating levels of igf-i. accordingly, there was an age-related spiral ganglion degeneration in wild type mice that was not evident in the igf1 null mice. however, the igf1\u2212/\u2212 null mice in turn developed a prematurely aged stria vascularis reminiscent of the diabetic strial phenotype. our data indicate that igf-i is required for the correct development and maintenance of hearing, supporting the idea that igf-i-based therapies could contribute to prevent or ameliorate age-related hearing loss.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2010.00027/pdf", "petalID": 648, "doi": "10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2006.04.024", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["active_movement", "group_benefit", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003193840600182X?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["aptenodytes", "seasonal breeder", "thermoregulation", "feather", "zoology", "ecology", "biology", "animal ethology", "feeding behavior", "time budget"], "species": ["mouse", "mice"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.07526881720430101, 0.07526881720430101], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2083140472", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V171382541"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Frontiers in Neuroanatomy", "PLOS ONE", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics"], "author_ids": ["A2798288424", "A2013677307", "A3009591202", "A2156036684", "A2936948328", "A2977241381", "A2698800614", "A1984062090", "A266909695"], "author_names": ["Raquel Riquelme", "Rafael Cediel", "Julio Contreras", "Lourdes Rodriguez-de la Rosa", "Silvia Murillo-Cuesta", "Catalina Hernandez", "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Zubeldia", "Sebasti\u00e1n Cerd\u00e1n", "Isabel Varela-Nieto"], "reference_ids": ["W1511713572", "W1993672117", "W2340324006", "W1981148605", "W2017665399", "W2079483060", "W2009161113", "W2042659157", "W2000304385", "W2403801071", "W2033318272", "W2042528531", "W2093478056", "W2021216982", "W2034555413", "W2137014644", "W1967976272", "W2163752649", "W2065329445", "W2114716357", "W2145223244", "W1972380138", "W2047798550", "W1970014778", "W2004197459", "W2170344274", "W1965534968", "W1999721410", "W2012717802", "W2163479134", "W1976723773", "W2041789657", "W2126590177", "W1596846074", "W2007293583", "W1971247019", "W2115709321", "W2027324075", "W2059674604", "W1976253288", "W1982626336", "W2016300868", "W2033040272", "W2046255877", "W2098386134", "W2027838121", "W2137604698", "W2075284108", "W2112771237", "W2113388027", "W1973328260", "W1980939023", "W2031058471", "W2051687386", "W2016861337", "W2101311674", "W1979526541", "W1990477734", "W2004351969", "W2050642282", "W1977583003", "W2010395737", "W2032756989", "W2115164007", "W1962275796"], "title": "A comparative study of age-related hearing loss in wild type and insulin-like growth factor I deficient mice", "abstract": "insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) belongs to the family of insulin-related peptides that fulfils a key role during the late development of the nervous system. human igf1 mutations cause profound deafness, poor growth and mental retardation. accordingly, igf1\u2212/\u2212 null mice are dwarfs that have low survival rates, cochlear alterations and severe sensorineural deafness. presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) is a common disorder associated with aging that causes social and cognitive problems. aging is also associated with a decrease in circulating igf-i levels and this reduction has been related to cognitive and brain alterations, although there is no information as yet regarding the relationship between presbycusis and igf-i biodisponibility. here we present a longitudinal study of wild type igf1+/+ and null igf1\u2212/\u2212 mice from 2 to 12 months of age comparing the temporal progression of several parameters: hearing, brain morphology, cochlear cytoarchitecture, insulin-related factors and igf gene expression and igf-i serum levels. complementary invasive and non-invasive techniques were used, including auditory brainstem-evoked response (abr) recordings and in vivo mri brain imaging. igf1\u2212/\u2212 null mice presented profound deafness at all the ages studied, without any obvious worsening of hearing parameters with aging. igf1+/+ wild type mice suffered significant age-related hearing loss, their auditory thresholds and peak i latencies augmenting as they aged, in parallel with a decrease in the circulating levels of igf-i. accordingly, there was an age-related spiral ganglion degeneration in wild type mice that was not evident in the igf1 null mice. however, the igf1\u2212/\u2212 null mice in turn developed a prematurely aged stria vascularis reminiscent of the diabetic strial phenotype. our data indicate that igf-i is required for the correct development and maintenance of hearing, supporting the idea that igf-i-based therapies could contribute to prevent or ameliorate age-related hearing loss.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2010.00027/pdf", "petalID": 648, "doi": "10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2006.04.024", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["active_movement", "protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003193840600182X?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["aptenodytes", "seasonal breeder", "thermoregulation", "feather", "zoology", "ecology", "biology", "animal ethology", "feeding behavior", "time budget"], "species": ["mouse", "mice"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.07526881720430101, 0.07526881720430101], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1986374968", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V35917800"], "venue_names": ["Ecology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A1442563965"], "author_names": ["Park S. Nobel"], "reference_ids": ["W2025625428", "W1970406841", "W618504583", "W2009014099", "W2037611159", "W1987860145", "W2002496060", "W2057597268", "W2086116526", "W1983354929", "W2020968590", "W1679886256", "W2052977661", "W20399517"], "title": "Surface Temperatures of Cacti--Influences of Environmental and Morphological Factors", "abstract": "an energy budget model predicted the average stem surface temperatures of a mam- millaria dioica 9.4 cm tail and a carnegiea gigantea 5.64 m tail within 1?c of the hourly measured temperatures over 24-h periods. for the ranges of various environmental factors considered in a sensitivity analysis, the average surface temperature of the stem was most influenced by air temper? ature. greater diurnal extremes of stem temperature occurred at lower wind velocities. asymmetrical heating of the stem by direct solar irradiation was clearly evident in the measurements and the simulations. the model was used to study the effect of changes in spine coverage, apical pubescence, stem absorptance, tissue thermal properties, plant height, and diameter on stem surface temperatures. in the absence of spines the average surface temperature of mammillaria became 1 to 2?c cooler at night and 2 to 6?c warmer during the day. the effect of spines on the simulated diurnal temperature variation was even greater for the apical meristem, which had the most dense coverage of spines. a mat of pubescence additionally protected the apical meristem of carnegiea and ferocactus acan- thodes, substantially reducing diurnal temperature extremes there. simulated decreases in the di? ameter of carnegiea increased the daily range of temperatures of the apical meristem, suggesting that some adaptive optimization of plant diameter may have occurred. simulations for the 3 species under the same environmental conditions showed that the lowest stem and apical temperatures occurred for carnegiea, consistent with its restriction to lower (presumably warmer) elevations than ferocactus and mammillaria.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 649, "doi": "10.1038/417241A", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_touch_and_mechanical_forces", "sense_shape_and/or_pattern"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/417241a", "mag_terms": ["sense organ", "crocodilia", "sensory receptor", "sensory system", "zoology", "biology", "biological evolution", "molecular interactions", "sensory organ"], "species": ["carnegiea gigantea"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010526315789473], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2091397649", "mesh_terms": ["Extremities", "Insecta", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Extremities", "Extremities", "Friction", "Insecta", "Insecta", "Surface Properties"], "venue_ids": ["V129150467"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "Annual Review of Immunology", "Journal of Cell Science"], "author_ids": ["A2524828590", "A2122513234", "A640597877"], "author_names": ["Jan-Henning Dirks", "Christofer J. Clemente", "Walter Federle"], "reference_ids": ["W2058213465", "W1526529716", "W2330139794", "W84612294", "W2124236844", "W2143896782", "W2153981234", "W1964713506", "W2095215381", "W1670765730", "W2051687132", "W2000101194", "W2018239627", "W2163974073", "W340067851", "W2135116885", "W2014153346", "W2466756108", "W2087817950", "W1967629986", "W2048639302", "W2139677735", "W2169083454", "W2108844777", "W2145896108", "W1967015858", "W1984537418", "W1550251006", "W1998592358", "W2065732793", "W2150247154", "W2033483581", "W2145624080", "W2164589071", "W2144672110"], "title": "Insect tricks: two-phasic foot pad secretion prevents slipping", "abstract": "many insects cling to vertical and inverted surfaces with pads that adhere by nanometre-thin films of liquid secretion. this fluid is an emulsion, consisting of watery droplets in an oily continuous phase. the detailed function of its two-phasic nature has remained unclear. here we show that the pad emulsion provides a mechanism that prevents insects from slipping on smooth substrates. we discovered that it is possible to manipulate the adhesive secretion in vivo using smooth polyimide substrates that selectively absorb its watery component. while thick layers of polyimide spin-coated onto glass removed all visible hydrophilic droplets, thin coatings left the emulsion in its typical form. force measurements of stick insect pads sliding on these substrates demonstrated that the reduction of the watery phase resulted in a significant decrease in friction forces. artificial control pads made of polydimethylsiloxane showed no difference when tested on the same substrates, confirming that the effect is caused by the insects\u2019 fluid-based adhesive system. our findings suggest that insect adhesive pads use emulsions with non-newtonian properties, which may have been optimized by natural selection. emulsions as adhesive secretions combine the benefits of \u2018wet\u2019 adhesion and resistance against shear forces.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2842779?pdf=render", "petalID": 650, "doi": "10.1242/JCS.114.6.1061", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["process_signals", "sense_signals/environmental_cues", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals", "capture_solids", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jcs.biologists.org/content/114/6/1061.short", "mag_terms": ["actin cytoskeleton", "phagocytic cup", "arp2 3 complex", "cytoskeleton", "phagosome", "effector", "phagocytosis", "organism", "cell biology", "biology"], "species": ["insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.051724137931034], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2018797309", "mesh_terms": ["Ficus", "Ficus", "Parasites", "Pollination", "Symbiosis", "Wasps", "Animals", "Ficus", "Models, Biological", "Organ Size", "Ovum", "Ovum", "Ovum", "Ovum", "Parasites", "Pollination", "Seeds", "Seeds", "Seeds", "Symbiosis", "Wasps"], "venue_ids": ["V154343897"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS Biology", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Morphology"], "author_ids": ["A2122842337", "A2162435118", "A2178826259", "A2432455996", "A2075478939", "A2159749703", "A2048378001"], "author_names": ["Derek W. Dunn", "Simon T. Segar", "Jo Ridley", "Ruth Chan", "Ross H. Crozier", "Douglas W. Yu", "James M. Cook"], "reference_ids": ["W2018359333", "W2114675228", "W2326808605", "W2044715032", "W1989480051", "W1996186184", "W2044446335", "W2013797029", "W2072955712", "W1560556233", "W1979432293", "W2067177347", "W2104237726", "W2068244645", "W2080176501", "W2107287049", "W2154368247", "W2138949966", "W2124337033", "W2333020947", "W1666537385", "W2103434908", "W2998613447", "W2111076743", "W2050122469", "W2083120957", "W2110328585", "W2151328247", "W1560025859", "W1964827057", "W1969366448", "W2067526022", "W2119988850"], "title": "A role for parasites in stabilising the fig-pollinator mutualism", "abstract": "mutualisms are interspecific interactions in which both players benefit. explaining their maintenance is problematic, because cheaters should outcompete cooperative conspecifics, leading to mutualism instability. monoecious figs (ficus) are pollinated by host-specific wasps (agaonidae), whose larvae gall ovules in their fruits (syconia). female pollinating wasps oviposit directly into ficus ovules from inside the receptive syconium. across ficus species, there is a widely documented segregation of pollinator galls in inner ovules and seeds in outer ovules. this pattern suggests that wasps avoid, or are prevented from ovipositing into, outer ovules, and this results in mutualism stability. however, the mechanisms preventing wasps from exploiting outer ovules remain unknown. we report that in ficus rubiginosa, offspring in outer ovules are vulnerable to attack by parasitic wasps that oviposit from outside the syconium. parasitism risk decreases towards the centre of the syconium, where inner ovules provide enemy-free space for pollinator offspring. we suggest that the resulting gradient in offspring viability is likely to contribute to selection on pollinators to avoid outer ovules, and by forcing wasps to focus on a subset of ovules, reduces their galling rates. this previously unidentified mechanism may therefore contribute to mutualism persistence independent of additional factors that invoke plant defences against pollinator oviposition, or physiological constraints on pollinators that prevent oviposition in all available ovules.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060059&type=printable", "petalID": 651, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.1999.0668", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_temporarily"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.1999.0668", "mag_terms": ["lightning arrester", "gomphidae", "dragonfly", "petaluridae", "odonata", "structural engineering", "simulation", "engineering", "functional significance"], "species": ["agaonidae", "wasps", "figs", "ficus rubiginosa"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012658227848101, 0.063291139240506, 0.012658227848101, 0.012658227848101], "relative_relevancy": [0.199999999999999, 1.0, 0.199999999999999, 0.199999999999999]}, @@ -673,13 +673,13 @@ {"paper": "W2160321866", "mesh_terms": ["Lycopersicon esculentum", "Peroxidases", "Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Peroxidases", "Peroxidases"], "venue_ids": ["V32610980"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Experimental Botany", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2272984634", "A2427186054", "A2504061839", "A2578584541"], "author_names": ["J. Andrews", "S. R. Adams", "K. S. Burton", "R. N. Edmondson"], "reference_ids": ["W162184499", "W2102512633", "W1994320858", "W2000620667", "W1691422547", "W2076364463", "W1492395515", "W3127975545", "W2136248022", "W1980025213", "W1996698251", "W1698073036", "W2098993377", "W2159532095", "W2139772523", "W2053144980", "W2069426323", "W2328969631", "W2171945822", "W2051251716"], "title": "Partial purification of tomato fruit peroxidase and its effect on the mechanical properties of tomato fruit skin", "abstract": "peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7)-mediated stiffening of cell walls within the fruit skin of tomato is hypothesized to regulate fruit growth. however, to date, there is no experimental evidence demonstrating that peroxidase affects the mechanical properties of skin tissue. here, the mechanical properties of skin strips excised from a range of fruits at different ages were determined using an 'instron' universal material testing instrument. the stiffness of tomato fruit skin strips increases 3-fold with increasing fruit age. application of partially-purified peroxidase from the cell walls of mature tomato fruit skin significantly increased the stiffness of fruit skin irrespective of the age of fruit. furthermore, the application of hydrogen peroxide significantly increased the stiffness of skin strips excised from fruit of an age when endogenous peroxidase isozymes associated with the termination of growth are first detected. the results support the hypothesis that the tomato fruit skin plays an integral role in the regulation of tomato fruit growth, and that changes in its mechanical properties may be mediated by peroxidase. as far as is known, this is the first demonstration that peroxidases alter the mechanical properties of the plant cell wall.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 671, "doi": "10.1038/S41586-020-1990-9", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1990-9", "mag_terms": ["glycopeptide antibiotic", "peptidoglycan", "glycopeptide", "mode of action", "cell wall", "function", "bacteria", "gene", "computational biology", "biology"], "species": ["tomato"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.069444444444444], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2031848382", "mesh_terms": ["Crotalus", "Hot Temperature", "Infrared Rays", "Light Signal Transduction", "Light Signal Transduction", "Transient Receptor Potential Channels", "Animals", "Boidae", "Boidae", "Boidae", "Chickens", "Cloning, Molecular", "Crotalus", "Crotalus", "Crotalus", "Crotalus", "Light Signal Transduction", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Predatory Behavior", "Predatory Behavior", "Predatory Behavior", "Rats", "Sensory Receptor Cells", "Sensory Receptor Cells", "Transient Receptor Potential Channels", "Transient Receptor Potential Channels", "Trigeminal Ganglion", "Trigeminal Ganglion", "Trigeminal Ganglion"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"], "author_ids": ["A2304223201", "A1999250062", "A3082006151", "A328326405", "A2798967453", "A2091473407", "A2135967334", "A2583292653", "A1975531261", "A1964576582"], "author_names": ["Elena O. Gracheva", "Nicholas T. Ingolia", "Yvonne Kelly", "Julio F. Cordero-Morales", "Gunther Hollopeter", "Alexander T. Chesler", "Elda E. S\u00e1nchez", "John C. Perez", "Jonathan S. Weissman", "David Julius"], "reference_ids": ["W2004113088", "W1985131068", "W2061401957", "W2086373106", "W2016363292", "W2036022589", "W2040343112", "W2068032188", "W2107705149", "W2164683872", "W1969712770", "W2140115368", "W2092905126", "W2020833052", "W2166201490", "W2033527615", "W2000433808", "W1967776969", "W2049090197", "W1851832733", "W2030132879", "W2062978707", "W2041322673", "W2051115280", "W2035257142", "W2009967312", "W2025726757", "W2093534366", "W2334193285", "W2109879418", "W1964856050", "W2014724300", "W2120229762", "W2060343304", "W1988005689", "W2305516366", "W2150086233", "W2269392181", "W1985830346", "W2153531747", "W1982657303", "W1883044208", "W2067680101", "W2095049496", "W2157183317"], "title": "Molecular basis of infrared detection by snakes", "abstract": "snakes possess a unique sensory system for detecting infrared radiation, enabling them to generate a 'thermal image' of predators or prey. infrared signals are initially received by the pit organ, a highly specialized facial structure that is innervated by nerve fibres of the somatosensory system. how this organ detects and transduces infrared signals into nerve impulses is not known. here we use an unbiased transcriptional profiling approach to identify trpa1 channels as infrared receptors on sensory nerve fibres that innervate the pit organ. trpa1 orthologues from pit-bearing snakes (vipers, pythons and boas) are the most heat-sensitive vertebrate ion channels thus far identified, consistent with their role as primary transducers of infrared stimuli. thus, snakes detect infrared signals through a mechanism involving radiant heating of the pit organ, rather than photochemical transduction. these findings illustrate the broad evolutionary tuning of transient receptor potential (trp) channels as thermosensors in the vertebrate nervous system.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2855400?pdf=render", "petalID": 672, "doi": "10.1111/J.1096-3642.2000.TB02198.X", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain", "prevent_degradation", "active_movement", "passive_movement"], "level3": ["manage_stress/strain", "prevent_fracture/rupture", "prevent_fatigue", "prevent/allow_deformation", "prevent_buckling"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/130/4/499/2630907", "mag_terms": ["long bone", "flexural strength", "femur", "young s modulus", "humerus", "bending", "modulus", "reduction", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["snakes", "vipers"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0625, 0.020833333333333003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.33333333333333304]}, {"paper": "W2102468065", "mesh_terms": ["Form Perception", "Orientation", "Sea Urchins", "Vision, Ocular", "Animals", "Florida", "Form Perception", "Monte Carlo Method", "Movement", "Movement", "Orientation", "Photic Stimulation", "Sea Urchins", "Vision, Ocular"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "PLOS ONE", "Biophysical Journal"], "author_ids": ["A3025407512", "A2100228397"], "author_names": ["Erin Blevins", "S\u00f6nke Johnsen"], "reference_ids": ["W2002928212", "W49170900", "W2796985193", "W1490441963", "W2079187346", "W2142081438", "W2167028389", "W2167974408", "W374075938", "W2019122445", "W2057930636", "W1998640896", "W1977486294", "W1968235860", "W2092259505", "W1586846612"], "title": "Spatial vision in the echinoid genus Echinometra", "abstract": "although eyes are generally considered necessary for image resolution, a diffuse photoreceptive system with directional sensitivity may also have this ability. two species of the echinoid genus echinometra were tested for spatial vision by examining their ability to locate and move towards targets of different sizes. the echinoids were significantly oriented (p<0.0001) towards a target with an angular width of 33 degrees (0.3 sr) but were not oriented to targets with angular widths of 26 degrees and 16 degrees . this ability is probably due to the blocking of off-angle light by the spines, which have approximately the correct spacing for the observed resolution. spatial vision is advantageous for echinoids of this genus because they leave and return to small dark shelters. this first demonstration of spatial vision in an echinoderm sheds further light on the complex optical structures and photobehaviors found in this phylum.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/24/4249.full.pdf", "petalID": 673, "doi": "10.1529/BIOPHYSJ.106.089144", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_fracture/rupture", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/biophysj/fulltext/S0006-3495(06)72164-6", "mag_terms": ["spider silk", "silk", "spider", "materiomics", "dragline excavator", "nanostructure", "nanotechnology", "materials science", "atomic force microscopy", "polypeptide chain"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2138483020", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V207705515"], "venue_names": ["Limnology and Oceanography", "New Phytologist", "Biological Letters", "PLOS ONE", "Plant Signaling & Behavior"], "author_ids": ["A2144495677", "A2172169793", "A2656829092", "A2032871642", "A2147406162"], "author_names": ["Jonathan M. O'Brien", "Stephen K. Hamilton", "Lauren E Kinsman-Costello", "Jay T. Lennon", "Nathaniel E. Ostrom"], "reference_ids": ["W1980674855", "W2093715837", "W2110761895", "W2148492494", "W1993656916", "W2012974465", "W2017183686", "W1525438857", "W2107475321", "W2117698730", "W2147084275", "W2147007636", "W2178607821", "W2122320056", "W2071857815", "W2116246914", "W156627570", "W2048848707", "W1971448089", "W2044233272", "W2112863519", "W1983159915", "W2054439578", "W2095655456", "W2067220327", "W2138330637", "W2126770441", "W2082533947", "W2073433356", "W2100379124", "W2133779890", "W2177491312", "W2039203839", "W2089442209", "W2094359284", "W2107121382", "W2033182266", "W1965161638", "W2032780172", "W2099059141"], "title": "Nitrogen transformations in a through\u2010flow wetland revealed using whole\u2010ecosystem pulsed 15N additions", "abstract": "we used pulsed and continuous additions of 15n together with whole-ecosystem metabolism measurements to elucidate the mechanisms of nitrogen (n) transformations in a small (1170 m2) through-flow wetland situated along a stream. from measurements of the wetland inflow and outflow, we observed a consistent decrease in nitrate (by 10% of inflow concentrations), while ammonium increased by an order of magnitude. outflow ammonium concentrations oscillated in a diel cycle, inverse to the concentration of dissolved oxygen (i.e., greater ammonium export at night). the pulsed 15n additions showed little uptake of nitrate over time in the wetland and rapid daytime uptake of ammonium from the water column (rate constant, kt 5 0.11 h21). a steady-state 15nammonium addition demonstrated a similar rate of ammonium uptake (kt 5 0.067 h21), no detectable nitrification, and highlighted the spatial pattern of ammonium and nitrate uptake within the wetland. porewater concentration profiles suggest high rates of net ammonium diffusion from the sediments. ecosystem metabolism measurements indicate that release was attenuated during the day by autotrophic uptake, resulting in lower ammonium export during the day. denitrification rates were modeled from dissolved n2 : ar ratios, but they were not sufficient to account for the observed loss in nitrate. nitrate was removed near the pond inflow but not actively cycled throughout the pond, while the balance between sediment release and subsequent uptake of ammonium from the water-column dominated n cycling in this wetland.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0221", "petalID": 674, "doi": "10.1111/J.1469-8137.2009.03166.X", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "absorb_and/or_filter_gases", "capture_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03166.x", "mag_terms": ["pitcher plant", "nepenthes lowii", "tupaia montana", "nectar", "body orifice", "adaptive radiation", "biomass", "ecology", "trap", "biology", "geometry"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2138483020", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V207705515"], "venue_names": ["Limnology and Oceanography", "New Phytologist", "Biological Letters", "PLOS ONE", "Plant Signaling & Behavior"], "author_ids": ["A2144495677", "A2172169793", "A2656829092", "A2032871642", "A2147406162"], "author_names": ["Jonathan M. O'Brien", "Stephen K. Hamilton", "Lauren E Kinsman-Costello", "Jay T. Lennon", "Nathaniel E. Ostrom"], "reference_ids": ["W1980674855", "W2093715837", "W2110761895", "W2148492494", "W1993656916", "W2012974465", "W2017183686", "W1525438857", "W2107475321", "W2117698730", "W2147084275", "W2147007636", "W2178607821", "W2122320056", "W2071857815", "W2116246914", "W156627570", "W2048848707", "W1971448089", "W2044233272", "W2112863519", "W1983159915", "W2054439578", "W2095655456", "W2067220327", "W2138330637", "W2126770441", "W2082533947", "W2073433356", "W2100379124", "W2133779890", "W2177491312", "W2039203839", "W2089442209", "W2094359284", "W2107121382", "W2033182266", "W1965161638", "W2032780172", "W2099059141"], "title": "Nitrogen transformations in a through\u2010flow wetland revealed using whole\u2010ecosystem pulsed 15N additions", "abstract": "we used pulsed and continuous additions of 15n together with whole-ecosystem metabolism measurements to elucidate the mechanisms of nitrogen (n) transformations in a small (1170 m2) through-flow wetland situated along a stream. from measurements of the wetland inflow and outflow, we observed a consistent decrease in nitrate (by 10% of inflow concentrations), while ammonium increased by an order of magnitude. outflow ammonium concentrations oscillated in a diel cycle, inverse to the concentration of dissolved oxygen (i.e., greater ammonium export at night). the pulsed 15n additions showed little uptake of nitrate over time in the wetland and rapid daytime uptake of ammonium from the water column (rate constant, kt 5 0.11 h21). a steady-state 15nammonium addition demonstrated a similar rate of ammonium uptake (kt 5 0.067 h21), no detectable nitrification, and highlighted the spatial pattern of ammonium and nitrate uptake within the wetland. porewater concentration profiles suggest high rates of net ammonium diffusion from the sediments. ecosystem metabolism measurements indicate that release was attenuated during the day by autotrophic uptake, resulting in lower ammonium export during the day. denitrification rates were modeled from dissolved n2 : ar ratios, but they were not sufficient to account for the observed loss in nitrate. nitrate was removed near the pond inflow but not actively cycled throughout the pond, while the balance between sediment release and subsequent uptake of ammonium from the water-column dominated n cycling in this wetland.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0221", "petalID": 674, "doi": "10.1111/J.1469-8137.2009.03166.X", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["absorb_and/or_filter_gases", "capture_solids", "cooperate_within/between_species", "manage_populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03166.x", "mag_terms": ["pitcher plant", "nepenthes lowii", "tupaia montana", "nectar", "body orifice", "adaptive radiation", "biomass", "ecology", "trap", "biology", "geometry"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2005984004", "mesh_terms": ["Chromatophores", "Insecta", "Animals", "Chromatophores", "Chromatophores", "Collagen", "Collagen", "Insecta", "Male", "Microscopy, Electron"], "venue_ids": ["V165572755"], "venue_names": ["Tissue & Cell", "Nature Chemical Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2601192574", "A2642349966", "A2723164058"], "author_names": ["J.E.N. Veron", "A.F. O'Farrell", "B. Dixon"], "reference_ids": ["W2081574685", "W2051134176", "W606167439", "W2144014852", "W992890631", "W1986737610", "W1971753557", "W2043839915", "W2089833607", "W1989769769", "W2031661113", "W1967956571", "W2019126938", "W2912333778", "W2019271988", "W2133789674", "W1966078087", "W2073060380", "W2326696228"], "title": "The fine structure of odonata chromatophores", "abstract": "abstract the appearance, fine structure and pigment composition of the epidermal chromatophores of mature austrolestes annulosus (lestidae) are described and compared with the developing chromatophores of teneral austrolestes and the mature chromatophores of diphlebia lestoides (amphipterygidae) and ischnura heterosticta (caenagrionidae). mature chromatophores contain masses of near spherical light-scattering bodies and larger irregularly shaped pigment vesicles. these effect colour change by migrating in opposite directions, through a system of interconnecting granular endoplasmic reticulum tubules. the pigment, a mixture of xanthommatin and dihydroxanthommatin, has a liquid or gelatinous consistency. developing chromatophores of teneral insects lack light-scattering bodies and well-defined migratory pigment vesicles, but contain irregular masses of pigment of similar chemical composition.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 675, "doi": "10.1038/NCHEMBIO0907-537", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_break_down"], "level3": ["chemically_break_down_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio0907-537", "mag_terms": ["dithiol", "cleavage", "stereochemistry", "substrate", "enzyme", "organic chemistry", "chemistry", "hydrocarbon", "organomercurial lyase"], "species": ["insects", "lestidae", "austrolestes annulosus", "diphlebia lestoides", "ischnura heterosticta"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022727272727272003, 0.022727272727272003, 0.0, 0.022727272727272003, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2062972150", "mesh_terms": ["Bacillus subtilis", "Bacterial Proteins", "Protein Kinases", "Adenosine Triphosphate", "Adenosine Triphosphate", "Adenosine Triphosphate", "Amino Acid Substitution", "Bacillus subtilis", "Bacillus subtilis", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Binding Sites", "Binding Sites", "Catalysis", "Chromatography, Gel", "Crystallization", "Crystallography, X-Ray", "Histidine Kinase", "Models, Molecular", "Mutation", "Protein Binding", "Protein Conformation", "Protein Kinases", "Protein Kinases", "Protein Kinases", "Protein Structure, Secondary", "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "Structure-Activity Relationship", "Temperature"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Accounts of Chemical Research"], "author_ids": ["A2052716345", "A2125772584", "A1943227520", "A2307614484", "A1996678326", "A2068631154", "A2532378762", "A22239313"], "author_names": ["Daniela Albanesi", "Mariana Mart\u00edn", "Felipe Trajtenberg", "Mar\u00eda C. Mansilla", "Ahmed Haouz", "Pedro M. Alzari", "Diego de Mendoza", "Alejandro Buschiazzo"], "reference_ids": ["W2137153304", "W1519714250", "W2118292251", "W2160619583", "W2001525537", "W2112037561", "W1990502477", "W2034205936", "W2018172133", "W2125634299", "W1943705687", "W2118585647", "W2126229620", "W1922100119", "W1967383045", "W2052005065", "W2053415354", "W1992438921", "W1967800344", "W2008630890", "W2050514815", "W1980583000", "W2008557114", "W2048661284", "W1993744080", "W2090360360", "W2142331019", "W2116441099", "W2141885858", "W1961177618", "W2068254342", "W2071572071", "W2158737749", "W2124990349"], "title": "Structural plasticity and catalysis regulation of a thermosensor histidine kinase", "abstract": "temperature sensing is essential for the survival of living cells. a major challenge is to understand how a biological thermometer processes thermal information to optimize cellular functions. using structural and biochemical approaches, we show that the thermosensitive histidine kinase, desk, from bacillus subtilis is cold-activated through specific interhelical rearrangements in its central four-helix bundle domain. as revealed by the crystal structures of desk in different functional states, the plasticity of this helical domain influences the catalytic activities of the protein, either by modifying the mobility of the atp-binding domains for autokinase activity or by modulating binding of the cognate response regulator to sustain the phosphotransferase and phosphatase activities. the structural and biochemical data suggest a model in which the transmembrane sensor domain of desk promotes these structural changes through conformational signals transmitted by the membrane-connecting two-helical coiled-coil, ultimately controlling the alternation between output autokinase and phosphatase activities. the structural comparison of the different desk variants indicates that incoming signals can take the form of helix rotations and asymmetric helical bends similar to those reported for other sensing systems, suggesting that a similar switching mechanism could be operational in a wide range of sensor histidine kinases.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/106/38/16185.full.pdf", "petalID": 676, "doi": "10.1021/AR00072A003", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy", "chemically_break_down"], "level3": ["chemically_break_down_organic_compounds", "modify/convert_light_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ar00072a003", "mag_terms": ["cleavage", "artificial photosynthesis", "oxygen", "hydrogen", "visible spectrum", "chemistry", "photochemistry"], "species": ["bacillus subtilis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014925373134328], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2060628736", "mesh_terms": ["Hardness", "Iron", "Silicon", "Snails", "Tooth", "Animals", "Histological Techniques", "Iron", "Microscopy, Electron", "Silicon", "Snails", "Snails", "Spectrophotometry", "Sulfur", "Sulfur", "Tooth"], "venue_ids": ["V139399906"], "venue_names": ["Cell and Tissue Research", "Annual Review of Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2719413342", "A2670723924", "A2669706035", "A2630512154"], "author_names": ["N. W. Runham", "P. R. Thornton", "D. A. Shaw", "R. C. Wayte"], "reference_ids": ["W2097059377", "W2295488664", "W2345770666", "W2338481783", "W1883291789", "W2182730681", "W2054868410", "W2077072334"], "title": "The mineralization and hardness of the radular teeth of the limpet Patella vulgata L.", "abstract": "a study of the patella vulgata radula has been made using: the scanning electron microscope in its normal and compositional contrast modes of operation, the electron microprobe analyser, ion etching with argon ions and microhardness testing. only iron, silicon and small amounts of sulphur were detected in the radula. the teeth can be subdivided into a cusp, a junctional area where the cusp is joined to the base, and the base which is embedded in the radular membrane. from a study of longitudinal vertical and transverse sections of the mature teeth it was found that the cusp could be subdivided into a posterior iron-rich area (44\u201351% fe, 1\u20136% si) and an anterior silicon-rich area (22\u201330% fe, 27\u201332% si). the junctional zone consisted of a poorly mineralised layer at its border with the cusp and an iron-rich layer where it joined the base. the upper part of the base (5% fe, 16% si) could be clearly differentiated from the silicon-rich anterior and lower parts of the base (3\u20134% fe, 28\u201335% si). no minerals were detected in the membrane. the changes in the mineral content of the teeth cusps along the length of the radula were studied. iron appeared in the cusps at the 25th row and the concentration increased to 28% at the 50th row. the iron was here evenly distributed throughout the cusp. silicon appeared in the anterior part of the cusp at the 50th row and as it increased in concentration so the iron was displaced, and at the same time the concentration of iron increased in the posterior part of the cusp. mineralization appeared to be complete by the 150th row. the teeth cusps appear to consist of 800 a fibres grouped into 1\u03bc thick bundles and the tooth appears to be covered by a thin enamel-like layer. it is suggested that the fibres contain the silicon-rich phase and the matrix the iron-rich phase. the significance of the arrangement of the fibres and the distribution of the minerals are discussed with relation to the function of the teeth.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 677, "doi": "10.1146/ANNUREV.MICRO.60.080805.142053", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142053?journalCode=micro", "mag_terms": ["arsenic biochemistry", "selenium", "arsenic", "selenate reductase", "arsenate reductase", "microbial metabolism", "selenocysteine", "anaerobic respiration", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["patella vulgata"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009803921568627002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2085104215", "mesh_terms": ["Chlorides", "Copper", "Minerals", "Polychaeta", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Chlorides", "Chlorides", "Chlorides", "Chlorine", "Chlorine", "Copper", "Copper", "Copper", "Crystallization", "Dentin", "Dentin", "Electron Probe Microanalysis", "Hardness", "Jaw", "Jaw", "Microscopy, Electron", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Minerals", "Polychaeta", "Polychaeta", "Polychaeta", "Proteins", "Proteins", "Proteins", "Scattering, Radiation", "X-Ray Diffraction", "X-Rays"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Journal of Bionic Engineering", "Plant Ecology", "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A", "Plant, Cell & Environment"], "author_ids": ["A1778437579", "A2102376469", "A717015162", "A2628294245", "A174441951"], "author_names": ["Helga C. Lichtenegger", "Thomas Sch\u00f6berl", "Michael H. Bartl", "Herbert Waite", "Galen D. Stucky"], "reference_ids": ["W1988149185", "W2086933933", "W2129129481", "W2093895046", "W2140894482", "W1972818723", "W2091383063", "W3102751367", "W1506589196", "W2076219728", "W1975165348", "W2397836993", "W2077216008", "W2003466194", "W2052120254", "W2002928212", "W2088753795", "W2079787699", "W1981308247", "W2044359478", "W3126741590", "W2098871123", "W1576753890", "W2000222205", "W2143965383", "W2075189206", "W2006198540", "W2088678572", "W2601913232"], "title": "High Abrasion Resistance with Sparse Mineralization: Copper Biomineral in Worm Jaws", "abstract": "biominerals are widely exploited to harden or stiffen tissues in living organisms, with calcium-, silicon-, and iron-based minerals being most common. in notable contrast, the jaws of the marine bloodworm glycera dibranchiata contain the copper-based biomineral atacamite [cu2(oh)3cl]. polycrystalline fibers are oriented with the outer contour of the jaw. using nanoindentation, we show that the mineral has a structural role and enhances hardness and stiffness. despite the low degree of mineralization, bloodworm jaws exhibit an extraordinary resistance to abrasion, significantly exceeding that of vertebrate dentin and approaching that of tooth enamel.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 678, "doi": "10.1007/BF00328814", "level1": ["modify_size/shape/material_properties", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["change_size/shape", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11258-014-0401-4", "mag_terms": ["photosynthetic capacity", "canopy", "shoot", "photosynthesis", "pioneer species", "shading", "nutrient", "tiliaceae", "horticulture", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["bloodworm", "glycera dibranchiata"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.06451612903225801, 0.032258064516129004], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, - {"paper": "W2036695923", "mesh_terms": ["DNA Repair", "Luminescent Measurements", "Ultraviolet Rays", "Vibrio", "DNA, Bacterial", "DNA, Bacterial", "Evolution, Molecular", "Time Factors", "Vibrio", "Vibrio"], "venue_ids": ["V19375554"], "venue_names": ["Luminescence", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A1966340082", "A1963501370", "A308593277"], "author_names": ["Agata Czy\u017c", "Konrad Plata", "Grzegorz W\u0229grzyn"], "reference_ids": ["W1484025536", "W1996872292", "W2004920398", "W2099512188", "W2094282804", "W2327184227", "W2049221023", "W1179716642", "W1969712671", "W2085662250", "W1999957069", "W2037901486", "W1976002640", "W1526416321", "W2074459409", "W633302648", "W2090201547", "W2328048060"], "title": "Stimulation of DNA repair as an evolutionary drive for bacterial luminescence", "abstract": "it was demonstrated recently that luminescence of a free-living marine bacterium, vibrio harveyi, stimulates dna repair, most probably by activation of the photoreactivation process. here, we ask whether the stimulation of dna repair could be an evolutionary drive that ensured maintenance and development of early bacterial luminescent systems. to test this hypothesis, we cultivated v. harveyi lux+ bacteria and luxa mutants in mixed cultures. initial cultures were mixed to obtain a culture consisting of roughly 50% lux+ cells and 50% luxa mutants. then bacteria were cultivated for several days and ratio of luminescent to dark bacteria was measured. under these conditions, luxa mutants became highly predominant within a few days of cultivation. this indicates that, without a selective pressure, the luminescence is a disadvantage for bacteria, perhaps due to consumption of significant portion of cell energy. however, when the same experiments were repeated but cultures were irradiated with low uv doses, luminescent bacteria started to predominate shortly after the irradiation. therefore, we conclude that stimulation of photoreactivation may be an evolutionary drive for bacterial bioluminescence. copyright \u00a9 2003 john wiley & sons, ltd.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 679, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1067797", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["send_signals", "distribute_or_expel _resources", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["manage populations_or_habitats", "send_chemical_signals", "expel_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11935026/", "mag_terms": ["sex pheromone", "pheromone", "bile acid", "lamprey", "cholic acid", "sex attractants", "agnatha", "gill", "zoology", "biology", "ecology"], "species": ["bacteria", "mixed culture", "vibrio harveyi"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.078125, 0.0, 0.015625], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 0.2]}, - {"paper": "W2072805590", "mesh_terms": ["Body Temperature", "Carotid Arteries", "Hypothalamus", "Nasal Mucosa", "Animals", "Barbiturates", "Barbiturates", "Body Temperature", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Carotid Arteries", "Cavernous Sinus", "Cavernous Sinus", "Circle of Willis", "Circle of Willis", "Hypothalamus", "Nasal Mucosa", "Sensory Receptor Cells", "Sheep"], "venue_ids": ["V2090548"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Physiology", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A2100895520", "A2284518536"], "author_names": ["Mary Ann Baker", "James N. Hayward"], "reference_ids": ["W2031624364", "W1587802194", "W2036546438", "W2271131893", "W204247669", "W2417206812", "W233357654", "W2325669594", "W2000238754", "W2173135046", "W2314837274", "W2052240672", "W1984815391", "W63116288", "W2212330024", "W2410854907", "W2137287850", "W2404772822", "W2412731213", "W2001746069", "W2152532197", "W2319259785", "W2019789663", "W1977750414", "W2153841142"], "title": "The influence of the nasal mucosa and the carotid rete upon hypothalamic temperature in sheep", "abstract": "1. in chronically-prepared sheep, intracranial temperatures were measured in the cavernous sinus among the vessels of the carotid rete and at the circle of willis extravascularly, and in the preoptic area and in other brain stem regions. extracranial temperatures were measured intravascularly in the carotid or internal maxillary arteries and on the nasal mucosa and the skin of the ear.\r\n\r\n2. at 20\u00b0 c ambient temperature, shifts in temperature of the hypothalamus and of other brain sites paralleled temperature shifts in the cerebral arterial blood which was cooler than central arterial blood. during periods of arousal and of paradoxical sleep, vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa and the ear skin occurred and temperatures at the cerebral arteries and in the brain rose without a comparable rise in central arterial blood temperature.\r\n\r\n3. anaesthetic doses of barbiturate abolished the temperature oscillations in the cerebral arterial blood and the brain. when air was blown rapidly over the nasal mucosa in anaesthetized animals, temperatures dropped precipitously in the cavernous sinus, at the cerebral arteries, and in the brain, while central arterial temperature fell only slightly. injections of latex into the facial venous system demonstrated a venous pathway from the nasal mucosa to the cavernous sinus.\r\n\r\n4. when sheep were exposed to 45-50\u00b0 c ambient temperature, respiratory rate increased 5-10 times and the temperature gradient between central and cerebral arterial blood widened.\r\n\r\n5. it is concluded that venous blood returning from the nasal mucosa and the skin of the head to the cavernous sinus cools the central arterial blood in the carotid rete. this is an important factor in the maintenance of hypothalamic temperature in the wool-covered, long-nosed, panting sheep and undoubtedly affects hypothalamic thermoreceptors and temperature regulation in artiodactyls.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1365282", "petalID": 680, "doi": "10.1093/AUK/124.4.1168", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/124/4/1168/5562724", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["sheep"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.034090909090909005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2036695923", "mesh_terms": ["DNA Repair", "Luminescent Measurements", "Ultraviolet Rays", "Vibrio", "DNA, Bacterial", "DNA, Bacterial", "Evolution, Molecular", "Time Factors", "Vibrio", "Vibrio"], "venue_ids": ["V19375554"], "venue_names": ["Luminescence", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A1966340082", "A1963501370", "A308593277"], "author_names": ["Agata Czy\u017c", "Konrad Plata", "Grzegorz W\u0229grzyn"], "reference_ids": ["W1484025536", "W1996872292", "W2004920398", "W2099512188", "W2094282804", "W2327184227", "W2049221023", "W1179716642", "W1969712671", "W2085662250", "W1999957069", "W2037901486", "W1976002640", "W1526416321", "W2074459409", "W633302648", "W2090201547", "W2328048060"], "title": "Stimulation of DNA repair as an evolutionary drive for bacterial luminescence", "abstract": "it was demonstrated recently that luminescence of a free-living marine bacterium, vibrio harveyi, stimulates dna repair, most probably by activation of the photoreactivation process. here, we ask whether the stimulation of dna repair could be an evolutionary drive that ensured maintenance and development of early bacterial luminescent systems. to test this hypothesis, we cultivated v. harveyi lux+ bacteria and luxa mutants in mixed cultures. initial cultures were mixed to obtain a culture consisting of roughly 50% lux+ cells and 50% luxa mutants. then bacteria were cultivated for several days and ratio of luminescent to dark bacteria was measured. under these conditions, luxa mutants became highly predominant within a few days of cultivation. this indicates that, without a selective pressure, the luminescence is a disadvantage for bacteria, perhaps due to consumption of significant portion of cell energy. however, when the same experiments were repeated but cultures were irradiated with low uv doses, luminescent bacteria started to predominate shortly after the irradiation. therefore, we conclude that stimulation of photoreactivation may be an evolutionary drive for bacterial bioluminescence. copyright \u00a9 2003 john wiley & sons, ltd.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 679, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1067797", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["send_signals", "distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["manage_populations_or_habitats", "send_chemical_signals", "expel_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11935026/", "mag_terms": ["sex pheromone", "pheromone", "bile acid", "lamprey", "cholic acid", "sex attractants", "agnatha", "gill", "zoology", "biology", "ecology"], "species": ["bacteria", "mixed culture", "vibrio harveyi"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.078125, 0.0, 0.015625], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 0.2]}, + {"paper": "W2072805590", "mesh_terms": ["Body Temperature", "Carotid Arteries", "Hypothalamus", "Nasal Mucosa", "Animals", "Barbiturates", "Barbiturates", "Body Temperature", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Carotid Arteries", "Cavernous Sinus", "Cavernous Sinus", "Circle of Willis", "Circle of Willis", "Hypothalamus", "Nasal Mucosa", "Sensory Receptor Cells", "Sheep"], "venue_ids": ["V2090548"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Physiology", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A2100895520", "A2284518536"], "author_names": ["Mary Ann Baker", "James N. Hayward"], "reference_ids": ["W2031624364", "W1587802194", "W2036546438", "W2271131893", "W204247669", "W2417206812", "W233357654", "W2325669594", "W2000238754", "W2173135046", "W2314837274", "W2052240672", "W1984815391", "W63116288", "W2212330024", "W2410854907", "W2137287850", "W2404772822", "W2412731213", "W2001746069", "W2152532197", "W2319259785", "W2019789663", "W1977750414", "W2153841142"], "title": "The influence of the nasal mucosa and the carotid rete upon hypothalamic temperature in sheep", "abstract": "1. in chronically-prepared sheep, intracranial temperatures were measured in the cavernous sinus among the vessels of the carotid rete and at the circle of willis extravascularly, and in the preoptic area and in other brain stem regions. extracranial temperatures were measured intravascularly in the carotid or internal maxillary arteries and on the nasal mucosa and the skin of the ear.\r\n\r\n2. at 20\u00b0 c ambient temperature, shifts in temperature of the hypothalamus and of other brain sites paralleled temperature shifts in the cerebral arterial blood which was cooler than central arterial blood. during periods of arousal and of paradoxical sleep, vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa and the ear skin occurred and temperatures at the cerebral arteries and in the brain rose without a comparable rise in central arterial blood temperature.\r\n\r\n3. anaesthetic doses of barbiturate abolished the temperature oscillations in the cerebral arterial blood and the brain. when air was blown rapidly over the nasal mucosa in anaesthetized animals, temperatures dropped precipitously in the cavernous sinus, at the cerebral arteries, and in the brain, while central arterial temperature fell only slightly. injections of latex into the facial venous system demonstrated a venous pathway from the nasal mucosa to the cavernous sinus.\r\n\r\n4. when sheep were exposed to 45-50\u00b0 c ambient temperature, respiratory rate increased 5-10 times and the temperature gradient between central and cerebral arterial blood widened.\r\n\r\n5. it is concluded that venous blood returning from the nasal mucosa and the skin of the head to the cavernous sinus cools the central arterial blood in the carotid rete. this is an important factor in the maintenance of hypothalamic temperature in the wool-covered, long-nosed, panting sheep and undoubtedly affects hypothalamic thermoreceptors and temperature regulation in artiodactyls.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1365282", "petalID": 680, "doi": "10.1093/AUK/124.4.1168", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/auk/article/124/4/1168/5562724", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["sheep"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.034090909090909005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1580695081", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V186231457"], "venue_names": ["Agroforestry Systems", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "American Zoologist", "Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation", "Collagen: Structure and Mechanics"], "author_ids": ["A1784712496", "A259285699", "A2017991302"], "author_names": ["Richard Joffre", "Serge Rambal", "Jean-Pierre Ratte"], "reference_ids": ["W1021393168", "W2082461446", "W2097190146", "W2084273978", "W2075323142", "W115131125", "W1998251298", "W2423044392", "W1516740691", "W1995296262", "W2017904389", "W2076015945", "W2115830943", "W2098628742", "W2322202295", "W1993889697", "W2584525028", "W32978344", "W137833347", "W2025783093", "W2605162645", "W2288244917", "W96371431", "W2324934351", "W2056958015", "W2316955980", "W1970563459", "W2003059000", "W2052592918", "W2072977852", "W2020042333", "W2486935164", "W2051287661", "W2153322439", "W2324527170", "W2146515169", "W1964744419", "W2037592525", "W2116954415", "W633355742", "W1965031032", "W1987804191"], "title": "The dehesa system of southern Spain and Portugal as a natural ecosystem mimic", "abstract": "the dehesas of the southwestern iberian peninsula are 'man-made' ecosystems characterised by a savannah-like physiognomy. the trees are viewed as an integrated part of the system, and as a result are planted, managed, and regularly pruned. palynological and historical evidence of the manipulation of initial ecosystems by man to obtain a savannah-like ecosystem is presented. the ecological functions of the tree are detailed using results obtained at two complementary scales. at the local scale, strong soil structural differences and functional differences in water budget and patterns of water use are observed under and outside the tree canopy. using the concept of ecosystem mimicry, the two coexistent components of dehesas can be compared to two distant stages of a secondary succession characterised by very different behaviours. at the regional scale, evidence of relationships between tree density and mean annual precipitation over more than 5000 km2 suggests that the structure of these man-made agroecosystems have adjusted over the long-term and correspond to an optimal functional equilibrium based on the hydrological equilibrium hypothesis. finally, the future of dehesas in the face of contemporary exogenous threats of economic and global environmental origin is discussed.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 681, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.201.11.1681", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["store_resources", "passive_movement"], "level3": ["store_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/201/11/1681.short", "mag_terms": ["isometric exercise", "fiber", "tendon", "work", "elastic energy", "hindlimb", "treadmill", "in vivo", "biomedical engineering", "anatomy", "chemistry"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W1658402581", "mesh_terms": ["Birds", "Flight, Animal", "Animals", "Behavior, Animal", "Birds", "Energy Metabolism", "Flight, Animal", "Heart Rate"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Annual Review of Biochemistry", "Science", "Molecular Membrane Biology", "Quarterly Review of Biophysics"], "author_ids": ["A1979882556", "A2150872892", "A2290837645", "A2440816600", "A2239349824"], "author_names": ["Henri Weimerskirch", "Julien Martin", "Yannick Clerquin", "Peggy Alexandre", "Sarka Jiraskova"], "reference_ids": ["W1991125864", "W2327221309", "W2278677522", "W2089391391", "W2027594569", "W2978714945", "W2168076552", "W1983372705", "W2122747372", "W1972271820", "W2148827380"], "title": "Energy saving in flight formation", "abstract": "many species of large bird fly together in formation, perhaps because flight power demands and energy expenditure can be reduced when the birds fly at an optimal spacing, or because orientation is improved by communication within groups. we have measured heart rates as an estimate of energy expenditure in imprinted great white pelicans (pelecanus onocrotalus) trained to fly in 'v' formation, and show that these birds save a significant amount of energy by flying in formation. this advantage is probably a principal reason for the evolution of flight formation in large birds that migrate in groups.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 682, "doi": "10.1017/S0033583506004458", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quarterly-reviews-of-biophysics/article/structure-of-aquaporins/788561FC2192389FEA4651DCA72360B4", "mag_terms": ["aquaglyceroporins", "aquaporin", "transmembrane protein", "protein structure", "membrane", "cell biology", "biology", "substrate specificity", "water chemistry", "water metabolism"], "species": ["pelecanus onocrotalus", "birds", "bird", "pelicans"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.08823529411764701, 0.11764705882352901, 0.029411764705882002], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.7500000000000001, 1.0, 0.25]}, {"paper": "W2115826041", "mesh_terms": ["Circadian Rhythm", "Fireflies", "Luminescence", "Animals", "Circadian Rhythm", "Darkness", "Fireflies", "Fireflies", "Larva", "Larva", "Light", "Predatory Behavior", "Temperature"], "venue_ids": ["V192515372"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Biological Rhythms", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Limnology and Oceanography", "The Biological Bulletin"], "author_ids": ["A2152335549", "A2535707688"], "author_names": ["David J. Merritt", "Sakiko Aotani"], "reference_ids": ["W2038152634", "W2122352182", "W2758699027", "W2035676100", "W2052717530", "W2110659224", "W2179438169", "W2312622439", "W2062052355", "W1829954083", "W3186125131", "W2034495820", "W1996567185", "W1974452262", "W2072480765", "W2339956734"], "title": "Circadian regulation of bioluminescence in the prey-luring glowworm, Arachnocampa flava.", "abstract": "the glowworms of new zealand and australia are bioluminescent fly larvae that generate light to attract prey into their webs. some species inhabit the constant darkness of caves as well as the dim, natural photophase of rain-forests. given the diversity of light regimens experienced by glowworms in their natural environment, true circadian rhythmicity of light output could be present. consequently the light emission characteristics of the australian subtropical species arachnocampa flava, both in their natural rainforest habitat and in artificial conditions in the laboratory, were established. larvae were taken from rainforest and kept alive in individual containers. when placed in constant darkness (dd) in the laboratory they maintained free-running, cyclical light output for at least 28 days, indicating that light output is regulated by an endogenous rhythm. the characteristics of the light emission changed in dd: individuals showed an increase in the time spent glowing per day and a reduction in the maximum light output. most individuals show a free-running period greater than 24 h. manipulation of the photophase and exposure to skeleton photoperiods showed that light acts as both a masking and an entraining agent and suggests that the underlying circadian rhythm is sinusoidal in the absence of light-based masking. manipulation of thermoperiod in dd showed that temperature cycles are an alternative entraining agent. exposure to a period of daily feeding in dd failed to entrain the rhythm in the laboratory. the endogenous regulation of luminescence poses questions about periodicity and synchronization of bioluminescence in cave glowworms.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 683, "doi": "10.4319/LO.2003.48.2.0795", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "attach", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "individual_benefit", "attach_temporarily"], "level3": ["distribute_solids", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.2003.48.2.0795", "mag_terms": ["spawn", "population", "gamete", "human fertilization", "sea urchin", "sperm", "strongylocentrotus droebachiensis", "benthic boundary layer", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["arachnocampa", "arachnocampa flava", "glowworms"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012195121951219001, 0.0, 0.036585365853658], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 0.0, 1.0]}, @@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ {"paper": "W1786628970", "mesh_terms": ["Bioengineering", "Smegmamorpha", "Smegmamorpha", "Tail", "Tail", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Computer Simulation", "Models, Anatomic", "Printing, Three-Dimensional", "Smegmamorpha", "Tail"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Advances in Insect Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2153408606", "A1921646109", "A2041388043", "A2007050431", "A1700211261"], "author_names": ["Michael M. Porter", "Dominique Adriaens", "Ross L. Hatton", "Marc A. Meyers", "Joanna McKittrick"], "reference_ids": ["W2004910967", "W2047402869", "W2025613329", "W2028725640", "W2119019268", "W2027753758", "W2083035909", "W2189268927", "W1630701765", "W2067477688", "W174615818", "W2020724510", "W1997336281", "W1836215632", "W2009937382", "W2013876510", "W2084772888", "W128105135", "W2020999828", "W2146579344", "W2066790760", "W1985096245", "W2036850921", "W2026792909", "W2049610417", "W2081391336", "W1490639756", "W2430541151", "W2001997328", "W2094870462", "W2123629091", "W1887100333", "W2241606133", "W1996469451", "W2061519225", "W1984570978", "W2146262966", "W2295048929", "W1979639141", "W2078097971", "W2113076624"], "title": "Why the seahorse tail is square", "abstract": "whereas the predominant shapes of most animal tails are cylindrical, seahorse tails are square prisms. seahorses use their tails as flexible grasping appendages, in spite of a rigid bony armor that fully encases their bodies. we explore the mechanics of two three-dimensional-printed models that mimic either the natural (square prism) or hypothetical (cylindrical) architecture of a seahorse tail to uncover whether or not the square geometry provides any functional advantages. our results show that the square prism is more resilient when crushed and provides a mechanism for preserving articulatory organization upon extensive bending and twisting, as compared with its cylindrical counterpart. thus, the square architecture is better than the circular one in the context of two integrated functions: grasping ability and crushing resistance.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 697, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1075433", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["regulate_wear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/298/5592/389", "mag_terms": ["tooth enamel", "atacamite", "dentin", "abrasion", "mineralization", "copper", "nanoindentation", "mineral", "chemistry", "composite material", "mineralogy"], "species": ["seahorses"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.030303030303030002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2804419777", "mesh_terms": ["Bees", "Iridescence", "Recognition, Psychology", "Animals", "Bees", "Color Perception", "Color Perception"], "venue_ids": ["V196734849"], "venue_names": ["Scientific Reports", "Science", "Luminescence"], "author_ids": ["A1975981215", "A2969344386", "A2803738758", "A2804088142", "A1250116743", "A1959694509", "A2154000255"], "author_names": ["Karin Kjernsmo", "Joanna R Hall", "Cara Doyle", "Nadia Khuzayim", "Innes C. Cuthill", "Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel", "Heather M. Whitney"], "reference_ids": ["W1983476824", "W2136321110", "W2137019934", "W2096126781", "W3332901", "W2133695423", "W597305595", "W2021067696", "W2120525921", "W2159267296", "W2113096365", "W2153429006", "W2157169410", "W2114804484", "W1994349866", "W2282442209", "W437620094", "W1951724000", "W2130349388", "W2278928714", "W2591201702", "W2067157033", "W2779697101", "W2053750551", "W2003736892", "W2009683794", "W2765568857"], "title": "Iridescence impairs object recognition in bumblebees.", "abstract": "iridescence is a taxonomically widespread and striking form of animal coloration, yet despite advances in understanding its mechanism, its function and adaptive value are poorly understood. we test a counterintuitive hypothesis about the function of iridescence: that it can act as camouflage through interference with object recognition. using an established insect visual model (bombus terrestris), we demonstrate that both diffraction grating and multilayer iridescence impair shape recognition (although not the more subtle form of diffraction grating seen in some flowers), supporting the idea that both strategies can be effective means of camouflage. we conclude that iridescence produces visual signals that can confuse potential predators, and this might explain the high frequency of iridescence in many animal taxa.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-26571-6.pdf", "petalID": 698, "doi": "10.1002/BIO.715", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_light"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bio.715", "mag_terms": ["photolyase", "vibrio harveyi", "bacteria", "luminescent bacteria", "dna repair", "bioluminescence", "mutant", "stimulation", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": ["bombus terrestris"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0]}, {"paper": "W1871905688", "mesh_terms": ["Neuropeptides", "Sea Cucumbers", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Connective Tissue", "Connective Tissue", "Connective Tissue", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Neuropeptides", "Neuropeptides", "Neuropeptides", "Sea Cucumbers", "Sea Cucumbers"], "venue_ids": ["V33840881"], "venue_names": ["The Biological Bulletin", "American Journal of Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2098828348", "A2710934273", "A2111841572", "A2155821123", "A2438945995", "A2597993280", "A3207036606", "A2577072095", "A3057078396"], "author_names": ["R\u00fcdiger Birenheide", "Masaki Tamori", "Tatsuo Motokawa", "Masahiro Ohtani", "E. Iwakoshi", "Yojiro Muneoka", "T Fujita", "Hiroyuki Minakata", "K Nomoto"], "reference_ids": ["W2002533008", "W3198642879", "W2032745338", "W2068781510", "W2031892072", "W1949889872", "W2169054745", "W2005454890", "W1995115356", "W2109282350", "W2024633969", "W2413027859", "W75134138", "W2139095022", "W2079596604", "W2514726774", "W2047603930", "W2133976540"], "title": "Peptides Controlling Stiffness of Connective Tissue in Sea Cucumbers", "abstract": "we present the first evidence of a system of four bioactive peptides that affect the stiffness of sea cucumber dermis. the body wall dermis of sea cucumbers consists of catch connective tissue that is characterized by quick and drastic stiffness changes under nervous con- trol. the peptides were isolated from the body wall, their amino acid sequences determined, and identical peptides synthesized. two peptides, which we named holokinins, are homologous with bradykinin. we tested the effect of the peptides on the mechanical properties of sea cucumber dermis. both of the holokinins softened the dermis, and a pentapeptide that we designated as ngiwyamide stiff- ened it. both effects were reversibly suppressed by anes- thesia with menthol. we called the fourth peptide sticho- pin; it had no direct effect on the stiffness of the dermis but suppressed action of the neurotransmitter acetylcho- line reversibly. the results suggest that the peptides are neuropeptides and are part of a sophisticated system of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that controls the connective tissue stiffness of sea cucumber dermis.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/31310", "petalID": 699, "doi": "10.1113/JPHYSIOL.1968.SP008626", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008626", "mag_terms": ["cerebral circulation", "arterial blood", "cerebral arteries", "venous blood", "vasoconstriction", "circle of willis", "cavernous sinus", "mucous membrane of nose", "anatomy", "medicine"], "species": ["cucumber", "cucumbers", "sea cucumbers"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.070175438596491, 0.017543859649122, 0.017543859649122], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.25, 0.25]}, - {"paper": "W1968353688", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V4147745"], "venue_names": ["Ibis"], "author_ids": ["A1939472210"], "author_names": ["Margaret A. Rubega"], "reference_ids": ["W2079052804", "W2322373804", "W2474842964", "W2395020320", "W2225738511", "W1983880802", "W2092613863", "W2038640132", "W2072690376"], "title": "Surface tension prey transport in shorebirds: how widespread is it?", "abstract": "surface tension prey transport is a feeding mechanism employing the surface tension of water surrounding prey to transport prey from bill tip to mouth. previously, it has been demonstrated only in the red-necked phalarope phalaropus lobatus. on the basis of a model of the bill morphology necessary for this method of prey transport, i suggest that many species of shorebird should be capable of surface tension feeding. laboratory investigations of the feeding mechanics of wilson's phalarope phalaropus tricolor, western sandpiper calidris mauri and least sandpiper calidris minutilla demonstrated that all three use surface tension transport of prey when feeding in water. i examined interspecific variation in the performance of this feeding mechanism with a high-speed video system and a customized motion analysis system. exploratory analyses indicated significant interspecific variation in distance the prey is transported per cycle of mandibular spreading, gape increase per unit transport, speed of transport, total number of cycles necessary to complete transport and total time to complete transport. the calidrid sandpipers also occasionally used other feeding mechanisms in conjunction with surface tension transport of prey. the discovery that these sandpipers, which normally obtain prey by probing, are capable of surface tension transport of prey implies that the capacity to employ this feeding mechanism may be widespread in the scolopacidae and may have been a significant factor in the evolutionary radiation of phalaropes into aquatic environments.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 700, "doi": "10.1023/A:1006259402496", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006259402496", "mag_terms": ["secondary succession", "ecosystem", "tree canopy", "water balance", "agroecosystem", "mediterranean climate", "peninsula", "ecology", "physiognomy", "geography"], "species": ["phalaropus", "phalaropus lobatus", "red-necked phalarope", "calidris", "calidris minutilla", "calidris mauri", "phalaropus tricolor", "scolopacidae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022471910112359002, 0.011235955056179001, 0.0, 0.022471910112359002, 0.011235955056179001, 0.011235955056179001, 0.011235955056179001, 0.011235955056179001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]}, + {"paper": "W1968353688", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V4147745"], "venue_names": ["Ibis"], "author_ids": ["A1939472210"], "author_names": ["Margaret A. Rubega"], "reference_ids": ["W2079052804", "W2322373804", "W2474842964", "W2395020320", "W2225738511", "W1983880802", "W2092613863", "W2038640132", "W2072690376"], "title": "Surface tension prey transport in shorebirds: how widespread is it?", "abstract": "surface tension prey transport is a feeding mechanism employing the surface tension of water surrounding prey to transport prey from bill tip to mouth. previously, it has been demonstrated only in the red-necked phalarope phalaropus lobatus. on the basis of a model of the bill morphology necessary for this method of prey transport, i suggest that many species of shorebird should be capable of surface tension feeding. laboratory investigations of the feeding mechanics of wilson's phalarope phalaropus tricolor, western sandpiper calidris mauri and least sandpiper calidris minutilla demonstrated that all three use surface tension transport of prey when feeding in water. i examined interspecific variation in the performance of this feeding mechanism with a high-speed video system and a customized motion analysis system. exploratory analyses indicated significant interspecific variation in distance the prey is transported per cycle of mandibular spreading, gape increase per unit transport, speed of transport, total number of cycles necessary to complete transport and total time to complete transport. the calidrid sandpipers also occasionally used other feeding mechanisms in conjunction with surface tension transport of prey. the discovery that these sandpipers, which normally obtain prey by probing, are capable of surface tension transport of prey implies that the capacity to employ this feeding mechanism may be widespread in the scolopacidae and may have been a significant factor in the evolutionary radiation of phalaropes into aquatic environments.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 700, "doi": "10.1023/A:1006259402496", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006259402496", "mag_terms": ["secondary succession", "ecosystem", "tree canopy", "water balance", "agroecosystem", "mediterranean climate", "peninsula", "ecology", "physiognomy", "geography"], "species": ["phalaropus", "phalaropus lobatus", "red-necked phalarope", "calidris", "calidris minutilla", "calidris mauri", "phalaropus tricolor", "scolopacidae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022471910112359002, 0.011235955056179001, 0.0, 0.022471910112359002, 0.011235955056179001, 0.011235955056179001, 0.011235955056179001, 0.011235955056179001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2462988782", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V127154787", "V127154787"], "venue_names": ["Robotics", "Robotics", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2230690079", "A2687537448", "A2441419439", "A2025975489"], "author_names": ["Stefan Landkammer", "Florian Winter", "Daniel Schneider", "R\u00fcdiger Hornfeck"], "reference_ids": ["W2015086944", "W2128079744", "W2320390695", "W211888945", "W1982455103", "W2168211517", "W2241341338", "W639480188", "W2132050935", "W2060280966", "W2933892789", "W1974748659", "W2116767351", "W2614779028", "W1900860620", "W2170274344", "W1598427435", "W2111509547", "W2145038074", "W2441960293", "W2056157958", "W2086824884", "W2141599715", "W2156218502", "W2334139634", "W1580884289", "W2129275407", "W2130216709", "W2158435142", "W282508865", "W1598000310", "W1911726724", "W1997627293", "W2067228060", "W2085830929", "W92128110", "W1515749184", "W2134805236", "W2171568918", "W2044767405", "W2079574144", "W108645432", "W3121261630", "W2092685321", "W2150173508", "W1992020923", "W1986855773", "W2013685997", "W2027495113", "W2156378823", "W2591533142", "W2010401493", "W2037746951", "W2040048123", "W2131912792", "W2157822690", "W2052126122", "W2052656949", "W596536756", "W1775120106", "W2014813791", "W2113811050", "W1975508278", "W2048325583", "W1973565005", "W2005618755", "W2070184318", "W2102858053", "W2112058482"], "title": "Biomimetic Spider Leg Joints: A Review from Biomechanical Research to Compliant Robotic Actuators", "abstract": "due to their inherent compliance, soft actuated joints are becoming increasingly important for robotic applications, especially when human-robot-interactions are expected. several of these flexible actuators are inspired by biological models. one perfect showpiece for biomimetic robots is the spider leg, because it combines lightweight design and graceful movements with powerful and dynamic actuation. building on this motivation, the review article focuses on compliant robotic joints inspired by the function principle of the spider leg. the mechanism is introduced by an overview of existing biological and biomechanical research. thereupon a classification of robots that are bio-inspired by spider joints is presented. based on this, the biomimetic robot applications referring to the spider principle are identified and discussed.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/5/3/15/pdf", "petalID": 701, "doi": "10.1038/35099670", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["passive_movement"], "level3": ["coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/35099670", "mag_terms": ["v formation", "energy balance", "origin of avian flight", "energy", "fishery", "environmental science", "energetic cost", "energy expenditure", "energy metabolism", "flight formation"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2131892714", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V26596028"], "venue_names": ["Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata"], "author_ids": ["A2016485253", "A726732914", "A2653296704", "A2004020649"], "author_names": ["Joseph J. Schwarz", "Zamir K. Punja", "Mark Goettel", "Gerhard Gries"], "reference_ids": ["W2109785076", "W2160607514", "W2085278467", "W277599783", "W2330085289", "W1981747359", "W1983563217", "W2118672009", "W2131795314", "W1993522931", "W2032225192", "W2027455918", "W2111645966", "W2317469927", "W150794894", "W2084826641", "W2099559085", "W2051023756", "W2097905865", "W2115407301", "W2027924751", "W3005383703", "W612381858", "W1484173541", "W577219386", "W1984768186", "W2492502976", "W35115895", "W2011500650", "W2318490055", "W2132970152", "W2082055977", "W2414210040", "W1983315304", "W2179219300", "W2318403806", "W204326687", "W218479827", "W1974012493", "W2085732203", "W2130348414", "W2318791034", "W2009543858", "W2045898150", "W2128104040", "W2155207769", "W2315193952", "W2325508469", "W1969152036", "W1970997935", "W2075298623", "W2013961720", "W2091866077", "W2138264878"], "title": "Do western boxelder bugs sunbathe for sanitation? Inferences from in vitro experiments", "abstract": "when western boxelder bugs, boisea rubrolineata (barber) (hemiptera: rhopalidae), form aggregations in warm sunlight, they release from their posterior dorsal abdominal gland an odorous blend of monoterpenes with heretofore unknown biological function. in laboratory analyses and experiments, we show that bugs in warm sunlight, but not in shade, exude and spread copious amounts of monoterpenes onto their cuticle. these monoterpenes do not serve as a pheromone, but rather as a means of sanitation. they inhibit germination of conidia of the fungal pathogen beauveria bassiana (bals.-criv.) vuill. (hypocreales) as well as halt the growth of germinated spores. this prophylactic defense against pathogens appears adaptive for phytophagous insects, like b. rubrolineata, that are prone to infections by microbes thriving on leaf surfaces and in the insects' overwintering microhabitat.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 702, "doi": "10.1177/0748730408320263", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["send_signals", "modify/convert_light_energy"], "level3": ["send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0748730408320263", "mag_terms": ["light emission", "darkness", "circadian rhythm", "period", "bioluminescence", "glowworm", "rhythm", "predation", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["boisea rubrolineata", "bassiana", "insects", "boxelder bug", "boisea", "rhopalidae", "bugs", "beauveria bassiana"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.020408163265306003, 0.020408163265306003, 0.040816326530612006, 0.020408163265306003, 0.020408163265306003, 0.020408163265306003, 0.040816326530612006, 0.020408163265306003], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2110571187", "mesh_terms": ["Defecation", "Magnoliopsida", "Nitrogen", "Tupaiidae", "Animals", "Ecosystem", "Feeding Behavior", "Magnoliopsida", "Nitrogen", "Tupaiidae"], "venue_ids": ["V153317304"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Biology Letters", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2573296424", "A2169186085", "A2799105271", "A2085791637", "A2032821700", "A2153880878"], "author_names": ["Charles M Clarke", "Ulrike Bauer", "Ch'ien C. Lee", "Andrew Alek Tuen", "Katja Rembold", "Jonathan A. Moran"], "reference_ids": ["W2022962949", "W2025250829", "W2328532906", "W2058631245", "W2106360825", "W1680367412", "W569289559", "W2082851834", "W2137332610", "W2767316702", "W2081344709", "W2099213393", "W1134679060", "W1972872072", "W2050178148", "W2075502631", "W646069096", "W2126717016", "W2171588936", "W2043464748"], "title": "Tree shrew lavatories: a novel nitrogen sequestration strategy in a tropical pitcher plant", "abstract": "nepenthes pitcher plants are typically carnivorous, producing pitchers with varying combinations of epicuticular wax crystals, viscoelastic fluids and slippery peristomes to trap arthropod prey, especially ants. however, ant densities are low in tropical montane habitats, thereby limiting the potential benefits of the carnivorous syndrome. nepenthes lowii, a montane species from borneo, produces two types of pitchers that differ greatly in form and function. pitchers produced by immature plants conform to the \u2018typical\u2019 nepenthes pattern, catching arthropod prey. however, pitchers produced by mature n. lowii plants lack the features associated with carnivory and are instead visited by tree shrews, which defaecate into them after feeding on exudates that accumulate on the pitcher lid. we tested the hypothesis that tree shrew faeces represent a significant nitrogen (n) source for n. lowii, finding that it accounts for between 57 and 100 per cent of foliar n in mature n. lowii plants. thus, n. lowii employs a diversified n sequestration strategy, gaining access to a n source that is not available to sympatric congeners. the interaction between n. lowii and tree shrews appears to be a mutualism based on the exchange of food sources that are scarce in their montane habitat.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2781956?pdf=render", "petalID": 703, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1000615107", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats", "active_movement"], "level3": ["protect_from_wind"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/107/11/4820", "mag_terms": ["insect flight", "airplane", "wing", "aerodynamics", "heading", "match moving", "torque", "control theory", "computer science", "feedback control"], "species": ["tree shrews", "plants", "shrews", "tree shrew", "nepenthes lowii"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.057971014492753006, 0.028985507246376004, 0.028985507246376004, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0]}, @@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ {"paper": "W2170815227", "mesh_terms": ["Electrochemistry", "Photochemistry", "Solar Energy", "Lipid Bilayers", "Nanotubes, Carbon", "Phospholipids", "Phospholipids", "Recombinant Proteins", "Recombinant Proteins"], "venue_ids": ["V202193212"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Nature Chemistry", "Oncology Letters", "Journal of Physical Chemistry A", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2931961645", "A2153745557", "A1983547352", "A1917495556", "A2144897096", "A2122490012", "A2559277886", "A2432535578", "A126449389", "A13009266", "A2023965814", "A296721270", "A1943827975", "A2079413142", "A32810171", "A316551290"], "author_names": ["Moon-Ho Ham", "Jong Hyun Choi", "Ardemis A. Boghossian", "Esther S. Jeng", "Rachel A. Graff", "Daniel A. Heller", "Alice C. Chang", "Aidas J. Mattis", "Timothy H. Bayburt", "Yelena V. Grinkova", "Adam S. Zeiger", "Krystyn J. Van Vliet", "Erik K. Hobbie", "Stephen G. Sligar", "Colin A. Wraight", "Michael S. Strano"], "reference_ids": ["W2053585782", "W2482386954", "W2000841635", "W2063868052", "W2064910975", "W1975896222", "W2072502489", "W2135370264", "W1974772517", "W2079834332", "W2072620963", "W2094834535", "W149667203", "W2069300869", "W2148092467", "W2062115005", "W2145482289", "W2015024592", "W2036298305", "W1972333482", "W2994804962", "W2190188722", "W2039819342", "W1976275053", "W2005735546", "W2018258616", "W2027780557", "W2154657044", "W2159010139"], "title": "Photoelectrochemical complexes for solar energy conversion that chemically and autonomously regenerate", "abstract": "naturally occurring photosynthetic systems use elaborate pathways of self-repair to limit the impact of photo-damage. here, we demonstrate a complex consisting of two recombinant proteins, phospholipids and a carbon nanotube that mimics this process. the components self-assemble into a configuration in which an array of lipid bilayers aggregate on the surface of the carbon nanotube, creating a platform for the attachment of light-converting proteins. the system can disassemble upon the addition of a surfactant and reassemble upon its removal over an indefinite number of cycles. the assembly is thermodynamically metastable and can only transition reversibly if the rate of surfactant removal exceeds a threshold value. only in the assembled state do the complexes exhibit photoelectrochemical activity. we demonstrate a regeneration cycle that uses surfactant to switch between assembled and disassembled states, resulting in an increased photoconversion efficiency of more than 300% over 168 hours and an indefinite extension of the system lifetime.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4103191?pdf=render", "petalID": 708, "doi": "10.1021/JP809138S", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_light", "protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp809138s", "mag_terms": ["polarizable continuum model", "solvation", "solvent effects", "density functional theory", "conformational isomerism", "hydrogen bond", "tautomer", "molecule", "computational chemistry", "chemistry"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2029695888", "mesh_terms": ["Iron", "Nonheme Iron Proteins", "Oxygenases", "Catalytic Domain", "Chlorine", "Chlorine", "Iron", "Ketoglutaric Acids", "Ketoglutaric Acids", "Mixed Function Oxygenases", "Mixed Function Oxygenases", "Models, Chemical", "Models, Molecular", "Nonheme Iron Proteins", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Oxygenases", "Streptomyces", "Streptomyces"], "venue_ids": ["V51309854"], "venue_names": ["Nature Chemical Biology", "Photosynthesis Research", "Carbon Dioxide Fixation"], "author_ids": ["A1804724876", "A2104627187"], "author_names": ["Emily Flashman", "Christopher J. Schofield"], "reference_ids": ["W1969474820", "W2160026651", "W2338151994", "W2045574007", "W2128586767", "W1977734848", "W1979453863", "W1967314547", "W2066414785"], "title": "The most versatile of all reactive intermediates", "abstract": "the iron(ii)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases catalyze varied oxidative reactions. spectroscopic analyses on the catalytic cycle of the chlorinating enzyme cytc3 reveal the presence of chloride\u2013iron(iv)\u2013oxo complexes, expanding the scope of chemistry known to be catalyzed by non-heme iron-oxo species.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 709, "doi": "10.1002/CSSC.201100040", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_light_energy", "chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds", "modify/convert_chemical_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/752960", "mag_terms": ["photocatalytic water splitting", "solar energy", "photoelectrochemical cell", "photoelectrolysis", "water splitting", "ultraviolet light", "artificial photosynthesis", "photovoltaic system", "chemical engineering", "nanotechnology", "chemistry"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2169761948", "mesh_terms": ["Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Aplysia", "Bacteria", "Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide", "L-Amino Acid Oxidase", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Animals", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Aplysia", "Aplysia", "Bacteria", "Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid", "Cloning, Molecular", "DNA Primers", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Escherichia coli", "Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide", "Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide", "Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide", "Fungi", "Fungi", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "L-Amino Acid Oxidase", "L-Amino Acid Oxidase", "L-Amino Acid Oxidase", "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "Mass Spectrometry", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Sequence Alignment", "Sequence Analysis, Protein"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "American Zoologist", "Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation", "Collagen: Structure and Mechanics"], "author_ids": ["A3156808274", "A2439539367", "A2142089619", "A1929972576", "A1805904800", "A2005234485", "A2163906140"], "author_names": ["Hsiuchin Yang", "Paul Johnson", "Ko-Chun Ko", "Michiya Kamio", "Markus W. Germann", "Charles D. Derby", "Phang C. Tai"], "reference_ids": ["W1966379608", "W2128635872", "W2358614696", "W1868383967", "W1969244937", "W2032664159", "W1994929334", "W2081004570", "W2064400695", "W1975187207", "W2331293567", "W1974962270", "W2130594076", "W294420646", "W1861710368", "W1977961611", "W2148323109", "W2000606301", "W2055757529", "W1975537002", "W2067336074", "W2090714003", "W2034348397", "W2038997977", "W2082227565", "W2171284178", "W170327625", "W2031588107", "W2117282123", "W2007082461", "W2003339967", "W2279493143", "W2011550718", "W2148781819", "W2045871462", "W2061504637", "W2074279395", "W2071320462", "W2060147003", "W1586562576", "W1976957876", "W2001275260", "W2057095002", "W2024038520", "W2047630317", "W2052694734", "W1969701483"], "title": "Cloning, characterization and expression of escapin, a broadly antimicrobial FAD-containing L-amino acid oxidase from ink of the sea hare Aplysia californica.", "abstract": "a 60 kda monomeric protein isolated from the defensive purple ink secretion of the sea hare aplysia californica was cloned and sequenced, and is the first sea hare antimicrobial protein to be functionally expressed in e. coli. sequence analysis suggested that this protein is a flavin-containing l-amino acid oxidase (laao), with one predicted potential glycosylation site, although the glycosylation could not be experimentally confirmed. this protein, which we call ;escapin', has high sequence similarity to several other gastropod proteins. escapin was verified by nmr, mass spectroscopy and hplc to have fad as its flavin cofactor. escapin's antimicrobial effects, bacteriostasis and bactericidal, were determined using a combination of two assays: (1) incubation of bacteria on solid media followed by assessment of inhibition by direct observation of zones of inhibition or by turbidity measurements; and (2) incubation of bacteria in liquid media followed by counting viable colonies after growing on agar plates. native escapin inhibited the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including marine bacteria (vibrio harveyii and staphylococcus aureus) and pathogenic bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa). escapin also inhibited the growth of yeast and fungi, with different efficacies. escapin's antimicrobial activity was concentration dependent and did not decrease when stored for more than 5 months at room temperature. escapin was bacteriostatic and not bactericidal in minimal media (e.g. salt media) with glucose, yeast extract, and a mixture of 20 amino acids each at 50 micromol l(-1), but was bactericidal in media enriched with tryptone peptone. escapin was also strongly bactericidal in media with l-lysine at concentrations as low as 3 mmol l(-1) and slightly bactericidal in 50 mmol l(-1) l-arginine, but not in most other amino acids even at 50 mmol l(-1). escapin had high oxidase activity (producing hydrogen peroxide) with either l-arginine or l-lysine as a substrate and little to no oxidase activity with other l-amino acids. hydrogen peroxide alone (without escapin or amino acids) was strongly bacteriostatic but poorly bactericidal, similar in this respect to l-arginine but different from l-lysine in the presence of escapin. together these results suggest that there are multiple mechanisms to escapin's antimicrobial effects, with bacteriostasis resulting largely or entirely from the effects of hydrogen peroxide produced by escapin's laao activity, but bactericidal effects resulting from lysine-dependent mechanisms not directly involving hydrogen peroxide. recombinant escapin expressed in bacteria was also active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, suggesting that glycosylation is not essential for antimicrobial activity.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/18/3609.full.pdf", "petalID": 710, "doi": "10.1038/27111", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["store_resources", "passive_movement"], "level3": ["store_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/27111", "mag_terms": ["pouch", "animal science", "anatomy", "biology", "free ride", "metabolic energy"], "species": ["aplysia californica", "sea hare", "e. coli", "pseudomonas aeruginosa", "streptococcus pyogenes", "bacteria", "staphylococcus aureus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.007194244604316001, 0.014388489208633, 0.007194244604316001, 0.007194244604316001, 0.0, 0.050359712230215, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.14285714285714202, 0.28571428571428503, 0.14285714285714202, 0.14285714285714202, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, - {"paper": "W2080394718", "mesh_terms": ["Analgesics, Opioid", "Biosensing Techniques", "Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-", "Melanophores", "Naloxone", "Receptors, Opioid", "Analgesics, Opioid", "Animals", "Biosensing Techniques", "Biosensing Techniques", "Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-", "Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-", "Humans", "Melanophores", "Melanophores", "Naloxone", "Naloxone", "Narcotic Antagonists", "Narcotic Antagonists", "Narcotic Antagonists", "Receptors, Opioid", "Sensitivity and Specificity", "Transfection", "Xenopus laevis", "Xenopus laevis"], "venue_ids": ["V156181945"], "venue_names": ["Biosensors and Bioelectronics", "The Journal of Ecology", "Agroforestry Systems"], "author_ids": ["A2152715208", "A2292647062", "A2170633948", "A2127708560", "A2251415778", "A1867866251", "A2041528233"], "author_names": ["Annika M Karlsson", "Katarina Bjuhr", "Martin F. Testorf", "P. Ake Oberg", "Ethan A. Lerner", "Ingemar Lundstr\u00f6m", "Samuel P.S. Svensson"], "reference_ids": ["W2058133388", "W2085446189", "W2019603839", "W51161921", "W1597767121", "W1946299305", "W2037821701", "W2056859410", "W2147205353", "W2075549508", "W2015931650", "W2087601798", "W1989046199", "W2163845055", "W1729873003", "W2047569480", "W2106589553", "W2060410180", "W1971524741", "W2004791483"], "title": "Biosensing of opioids using frog melanophores", "abstract": "spectacular color changes of fishes, frogs and other lower vertebrates are due to the motile activities of specialized pigment containing cells. pigment cells are interesting for biosensing purposes since they provide an easily monitored physiological phenomenon. melanophores, containing dark brown melanin pigment granules, constitute an important class of chromatophores. their melanin-filled pigment granules may be stimulated to undergo rapid dispersion throughout the melanophores (cells appear dark), or aggregation to the center of the melanophores (cells appear light). this simple physiological response can easily be measured in a photometer. selected g protein coupled receptors can be functionally expressed in cultured frog melanophores. here, we demonstrate the use of recombinant frog melanophores as a biosensor for the detection of opioids. melanophores were transfected with the human opioid receptor 3 and used for opiate detection. the response to the opioid receptor agonist morphine and a synthetic opioid peptide was analyzed by absorbance readings in an aggregation assay. it was shown that both agonists caused aggregation of pigment granules in the melanophores, and the cells appeared lighter. the pharmacology of the expressed receptors was very similar to its mammalian counterpart, as evidenced by competitive inhibition by increasing concentrations of the opioid receptor inhibitor naloxone. transfection of melanophores with selected receptors enables the creation of numerous melanophore biosensors, which respond selectively to certain substances. the melanophore biosensor has potential use for measurement of substances in body fluids such as saliva, blood plasma and urine.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 711, "doi": "10.2307/2259780", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2259780?origin=crossref&seq=1", "mag_terms": ["subsoil", "woody plant", "herbaceous plant", "topsoil", "vegetation", "soil water", "biomass", "interspecific competition", "agronomy", "agroforestry", "environmental science"], "species": ["vertebrates", "frogs", "fishes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011494252873563001, 0.011494252873563001, 0.011494252873563001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2080394718", "mesh_terms": ["Analgesics, Opioid", "Biosensing Techniques", "Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-", "Melanophores", "Naloxone", "Receptors, Opioid", "Analgesics, Opioid", "Animals", "Biosensing Techniques", "Biosensing Techniques", "Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-", "Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-", "Humans", "Melanophores", "Melanophores", "Naloxone", "Naloxone", "Narcotic Antagonists", "Narcotic Antagonists", "Narcotic Antagonists", "Receptors, Opioid", "Sensitivity and Specificity", "Transfection", "Xenopus laevis", "Xenopus laevis"], "venue_ids": ["V156181945"], "venue_names": ["Biosensors and Bioelectronics", "The Journal of Ecology", "Agroforestry Systems"], "author_ids": ["A2152715208", "A2292647062", "A2170633948", "A2127708560", "A2251415778", "A1867866251", "A2041528233"], "author_names": ["Annika M Karlsson", "Katarina Bjuhr", "Martin F. Testorf", "P. Ake Oberg", "Ethan A. Lerner", "Ingemar Lundstr\u00f6m", "Samuel P.S. Svensson"], "reference_ids": ["W2058133388", "W2085446189", "W2019603839", "W51161921", "W1597767121", "W1946299305", "W2037821701", "W2056859410", "W2147205353", "W2075549508", "W2015931650", "W2087601798", "W1989046199", "W2163845055", "W1729873003", "W2047569480", "W2106589553", "W2060410180", "W1971524741", "W2004791483"], "title": "Biosensing of opioids using frog melanophores", "abstract": "spectacular color changes of fishes, frogs and other lower vertebrates are due to the motile activities of specialized pigment containing cells. pigment cells are interesting for biosensing purposes since they provide an easily monitored physiological phenomenon. melanophores, containing dark brown melanin pigment granules, constitute an important class of chromatophores. their melanin-filled pigment granules may be stimulated to undergo rapid dispersion throughout the melanophores (cells appear dark), or aggregation to the center of the melanophores (cells appear light). this simple physiological response can easily be measured in a photometer. selected g protein coupled receptors can be functionally expressed in cultured frog melanophores. here, we demonstrate the use of recombinant frog melanophores as a biosensor for the detection of opioids. melanophores were transfected with the human opioid receptor 3 and used for opiate detection. the response to the opioid receptor agonist morphine and a synthetic opioid peptide was analyzed by absorbance readings in an aggregation assay. it was shown that both agonists caused aggregation of pigment granules in the melanophores, and the cells appeared lighter. the pharmacology of the expressed receptors was very similar to its mammalian counterpart, as evidenced by competitive inhibition by increasing concentrations of the opioid receptor inhibitor naloxone. transfection of melanophores with selected receptors enables the creation of numerous melanophore biosensors, which respond selectively to certain substances. the melanophore biosensor has potential use for measurement of substances in body fluids such as saliva, blood plasma and urine.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 711, "doi": "10.2307/2259780", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2259780?origin=crossref&seq=1", "mag_terms": ["subsoil", "woody plant", "herbaceous plant", "topsoil", "vegetation", "soil water", "biomass", "interspecific competition", "agronomy", "agroforestry", "environmental science"], "species": ["vertebrates", "frogs", "fishes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011494252873563001, 0.011494252873563001, 0.011494252873563001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2143256768", "mesh_terms": ["Coleoptera", "Skin", "Water", "Animal Shells", "Animal Shells", "Animal Shells", "Animal Shells", "Animals", "Coleoptera", "Coleoptera", "Desert Climate", "Infrared Rays", "Models, Theoretical", "Phase Transition", "Skin", "Skin", "Skin", "Temperature", "Water", "Waxes", "Waxes", "Weather", "Wettability"], "venue_ids": ["V34211650"], "venue_names": ["Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes - HAL", "European Physical Journal E", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Current Biology"], "author_ids": ["A3186743981", "A2762048303", "A2574074905", "A2147591985", "A2694579921", "A2507024132", "A2294918820", "A2998193509"], "author_names": ["J. Guadarrama-Cetina", "Anne Mongruel", "M. G. Medici", "Enrique Baquero", "A. R. Parker", "I. Milimouk-Melnytchuk", "Wenceslao Gonz\u00e1lez-Vi\u00f1as", "Daniel Beysens"], "reference_ids": ["W2153323887", "W1625594280", "W2094334650", "W1967523940", "W1981754998", "W1987271108", "W2027885780", "W2067682539", "W2063081522", "W2091078113", "W2046609667", "W2121192733"], "title": "Dew condensation on desert beetle skin", "abstract": "some tenebrionind beetles inhabiting the namib desert are known for using their body to collect water droplets from wind-blown fogs. we aim to determine whether dew water collection is also possible for desert insects. for this purpose, we investigated the infra-red emissivity, and the wetting and structural properties, of the surface of the elytra of a preserved specimen of physasterna cribripes (tenebrionidae) beetle, where the macro-structure appears as a series of bumps, with - between them. dew formation experiments were carried out in a condensation chamber. the surface properties (infra-red emissivity, wetting properties) were dominated by the wax at the elytra surface and, to a lower extent, its micro-structure. we performed scanning electron microscope on histological sections and determined the infra-red emissivity using a scanning pyrometer. the emissivity measured (0.95 \u00b1 0.07 between 8-14 \u03bcm) was close to the black body value. dew formation occurred on the insect's elytra, which can be explained by these surface properties. from the surface coverage of the condensed drops it was found that dew forms primarily in the valleys between the bumps. the difference in droplet nucleation rate between bumps and valleys can be attributed to the hexagonal microstructure on the surface of the valleys, whereas the surface of the bumps is smooth. the drops can slide when they reach a critical size, and be collected at the insect's mouth.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://dadun.unav.edu/bitstream/10171/37082/1/Guadarrama-Cetina2014a.pdf", "petalID": 712, "doi": "10.1016/J.CUB.2012.01.010", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_light_in_the_non-visible_spectrum", "sense_light_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(12)00011-5?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982212000115%3Fshowall%3Dtrue", "mag_terms": ["orientation", "contrast", "cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition", "polarimetry", "cuttlefish", "sepia", "computer vision", "prey detection", "dimension", "biology", "artificial intelligence"], "species": ["beetles", "tenebrionidae", "insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.013698630136986, 0.013698630136986, 0.013698630136986], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2120893908", "mesh_terms": ["Actinomycetales", "Antifungal Agents", "Ants", "Biological Evolution", "Candicidin", "Symbiosis", "Actinomycetales", "Actinomycetales", "Animals", "Ants", "Base Sequence", "Biological Assay", "Candicidin", "Chromatography, Liquid", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "Tandem Mass Spectrometry"], "venue_ids": ["V25903957"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "BMC Biology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A1959791423", "A1749677085", "A1197495284", "A2048016859", "A147068934", "A2132472573", "A2132799743", "A2159749703", "A2275068851"], "author_names": ["J\u00f6rg Barke", "Ryan F. Seipke", "Sabine Gr\u00fcschow", "Darren Heavens", "Nizar Drou", "Mervyn J. Bibb", "Rebecca J. M. Goss", "Douglas W. Yu", "Matthew I. Hutchings"], "reference_ids": ["W2008463268", "W2170488656", "W2168275426", "W2101992055", "W130879709", "W2097613285", "W2122166690", "W2041142764", "W2234900207", "W2014995333", "W2141885858", "W1547610396", "W2142735254", "W346827628", "W2146468296", "W1827848435", "W2037502302", "W2047168915", "W1980095813", "W2116107007", "W2107282968", "W2013892132", "W2039467082", "W2098309471", "W1666537385", "W1993832272", "W2140383732", "W2004548026", "W2081643350", "W1991695780"], "title": "A mixed community of actinomycetes produce multiple antibiotics for the fungus farming ant Acromyrmex octospinosus.", "abstract": "background: attine ants live in an intensely studied tripartite mutualism with the fungus leucoagaricus gongylophorus, which provides food to the ants, and with antibiotic-producing actinomycete bacteria. one hypothesis suggests that bacteria from the genus pseudonocardia are the sole, co-evolved mutualists of attine ants and are transmitted vertically by the queens. a recent study identified a pseudonocardia-produced antifungal, named dentigerumycin, associated with the lower attine apterostigma dentigerum consistent with the idea that coevolved pseudonocardia make novel antibiotics. an alternative possibility is that attine ants sample actinomycete bacteria from the soil, selecting and maintaining those species that make useful antibiotics. consistent with this idea, a streptomyces species associated with the higher attine acromyrmex octospinosus was recently shown to produce the well-known antifungal candicidin. candicidin production is widespread in environmental isolates of streptomyces, so this could either be an environmental contaminant or evidence of recruitment of useful actinomycetes from the environment. it should be noted that the two possibilities for actinomycete acquisition are not necessarily mutually exclusive. results: in order to test these possibilities we isolated bacteria from a geographically distinct population of a. octospinosus and identified a candicidin-producing streptomyces species, which suggests that they are common mutualists of attine ants, most probably recruited from the environment. we also identified a pseudonocardia species in the same ant colony that produces an unusual polyene antifungal, providing evidence for co-evolution of pseudonocardia with a. octospinosus. conclusions: our results show that a combination of co-evolution and environmental sampling results in the diversity of actinomycete symbionts and antibiotics associated with attine ants.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1741-7007-8-109", "petalID": 713, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1010335107", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_break_down"], "level3": ["chemically_break_down_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/107/44/18903.full", "mag_terms": ["axial skeleton", "cervical vertebrae", "thoracic vertebrae", "xenarthra", "ossification", "heterochrony", "anatomy", "hox gene", "biology"], "species": ["leucoagaricus gongylophorus", "bacteria", "apterostigma dentigerum", "acromyrmex octospinosus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012820512820512001, 0.051282051282051, 0.012820512820512001, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.25, 1.0, 0.25, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W1972044005", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V150560568"], "venue_names": ["Ethology Ecology & Evolution", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2329671785", "A2104171967", "A2661180716"], "author_names": ["K. Kud\u00f4", "S\u00f4. Yamane", "H. Yamamoto"], "reference_ids": ["W2090833048", "W2028266877", "W82724148", "W568791797", "W1966786336", "W2065043452", "W1986542666", "W2051049208", "W2064452860", "W1983107268", "W2149203795", "W2581441388", "W2772556297", "W2091809670", "W2334780035", "W2041321728", "W2050635920", "W2078331975", "W2072416507", "W2491740191", "W2036290809", "W1964057492", "W2621332102"], "title": "Physiological ecology of nest construction and protein flow in pre-emergence colonies of Polistes chinensis (Hymenoptera Vespidae): effects of rainfall and microclimates", "abstract": "the amount of oral secretion, which mostly consists of proteinaceous materials, used for the construction and maintenance of nests by foundresses of polistes chinensis was analysed in 95 field nests (1994\u20131996). the amounts always exceeded 50% of mean percent secretion to total the dry nest weights, and it was greater in nests built at sites exposed to direct rainfall than in those at sheltered sites. further, exposed nests built in 1995 (a rainy year) were much smaller than those of 1994 and 1996, and the amount of secretion in that year was much greater than in the other years. the nitrogen content of adult workers, immatures, those left inside cells and the oral secretion in nests of 1996 showed that 10\u201320% of total protein resources brought in during the founding phase may be devoted to producing the secretion. the results suggest that the foundresses may regulate the amounts of oral secretion used for such purposes in response to environmental conditions.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 714, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.050310", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": [], "level3": ["regulate drag/turbulence"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/13/2215.short", "mag_terms": ["insect flight", "motion detection", "aerodynamic drag", "drag", "visual field", "image processing", "computer vision", "computer science", "communication", "artificial intelligence", "forward flight", "large field of view"], "species": ["polistes", "polistes chinensis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022222222222222, 0.022222222222222], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -722,11 +722,11 @@ {"paper": "W2046022320", "mesh_terms": ["Eye", "Fishes", "Optical Phenomena", "Animals", "Eye", "Fishes", "Models, Biological", "Oceans and Seas", "Vision, Ocular"], "venue_ids": ["V128425624"], "venue_names": ["Current Biology", "Ecology", "Integrative and Comparative Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2433025045", "A2170066206", "A2317243950", "A2126453437", "A2110182535"], "author_names": ["Hans-Joachim Wagner", "Ronald H. Douglas", "Tamara M. Frank", "Nicholas W. Roberts", "Julian C. Partridge"], "reference_ids": ["W2061418857", "W2088808215", "W2064414784", "W2138825607", "W3192181242", "W191955998", "W2091694742", "W2118810750", "W131881311", "W596913912", "W2056778882", "W2124101620", "W2312306844", "W2002185627", "W2089565676", "W1968235860", "W1590162527", "W2146393913", "W2035108601", "W2060940665", "W1968523602", "W2085322752"], "title": "A Novel Vertebrate Eye Using Both Refractive and Reflective Optics", "abstract": "sunlight is attenuated rapidly in the ocean, resulting in little visually useful light reaching deeper than approximately 1000 m in even the clearest water. to maximize sensitivity to the relatively brighter downwelling sunlight, to view the silhouette of animals above them, and to increase the binocular overlap of their eyes, many mesopelagic animals have developed upward-pointing tubular eyes. however, these sacrifice the ability to detect bioluminescent and reflective objects in other directions. thus, some mesopelagic fish with tubular eyes extend their visual fields laterally and/or ventrally by lensless ocular diverticula, which are thought to provide unfocused images, allowing only simple detection of objects, with little spatial resolution. here, we show that a medial mirror within the ventrally facing ocular diverticulum of the spookfish, dolichopteryx longipes, consisting of a multilayer stack derived from a retinal tapetum, is used to reflect light onto a lateral retina. the reflective plates are not orientated parallel to the surface of the mirror. instead, plate angles change progressively around the mirror, and computer modeling indicates that this provides a well-focused image. this is the first report of an ocular image being formed in a vertebrate eye by a mirror.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0960982208016217/pdf", "petalID": 720, "doi": "10.2307/176791", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["process_signals", "individual_benefit"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/176791?seq=1", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["fish", "dolichopteryx", "dolichopteryx longipes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.02127659574468, 0.02127659574468, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W1556569254", "mesh_terms": ["Magnoliopsida", "Seeds", "Ecosystem", "Magnoliopsida", "Magnoliopsida", "Seasons", "Seeds", "Seeds", "Time Factors"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Scientific Reports", "Robotics", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World"], "author_ids": ["A2112305570"], "author_names": ["Kathryn Brown"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "Botany. Patience yields secrets of seed longevity.", "abstract": "botanyhow long can a seed survive in the dark, cold ground, yet still burst into life when blessed by sun or rain? a pioneering experiment begun over a century ago to answer this question has become the world's longest running seed viability experiment. along the way, it has inspired scientists in a growing number of fields worldwide to explore the mystery of seed longevity.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 721, "doi": "10.3390/ROBOTICS5030015", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_mechanical_energy", "active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/5/3/15", "mag_terms": ["robot", "spider", "actuator", "control engineering", "mechanism", "engineering"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W102672599", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": [""], "venue_names": [null, "Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata"], "author_ids": ["A191059430"], "author_names": ["Bala Rathinasabapathi"], "reference_ids": ["W2008491894", "W2125266999", "W2126872885", "W2051698665", "W1995435692", "W2094646746", "W2151910498", "W1954445256", "W2024247350", "W2045956785", "W2052789494", "W2055203751", "W2120272980", "W2171627825", "W104966492", "W2149408793", "W2006253629", "W2011367890", "W2126078589", "W1992089306", "W98820868", "W2001522871", "W2007235325", "W2160733663", "W1981312126", "W2037711752", "W2085031361", "W2131588069", "W1966846559", "W1552868128", "W2098893274", "W2002892482", "W2063146587", "W2041151535", "W2028465107", "W2100781715", "W2110029373", "W1554728931", "W1997225381", "W2121272743", "W2183927116", "W1979198691", "W2007290400", "W2159839891", "W2028480949", "W1998836508", "W2055021433", "W2113806026", "W2010071550", "W2044776892", "W2076125313", "W2084393754", "W2159022145", "W2104180665", "W2109417723"], "title": "Arsenic Hyperaccumulator Fern Pteris vittata: Utilities for Arsenic Phytoremediation and Plant Biotechnology", "abstract": "arsenic is a toxic metalloid that is widespread in the environment due to both man-made and natural causes. soils, food, and ground water contaminated with arsenic pose serious health risks to millions of people in different parts of the world. while engineering methods to remediate arsenic-contaminated environments are available, they are often prohibitively expensive and cumbersome. it was discovered about a decade ago that the chinese brake fern (pteris vittata) had an extraordinary ability to tolerate and hyperaccumulate arsenic, up to about 2% of dry weight in its fronds. this opened up new opportunities to develop the brake fern for a cost-effective green technology to remediate arsenic-contaminated environments. the objective of this review is to highlight some of the salient findings on this and related ferns regarding their arsenic tolerance and hyperaccumulation traits. investigations have shown that arsenic hyperaccumulation in brake fern has evolved as a defense against herbivory. research employing molecular biology tools have identified some of the key genes and proteins important for arsenic metabolism in this species including genes for arsenic-induced oxidative stress. comparative biochemistry of how organisms adapt to arsenic suggests that many other fern genes related to arsenic transport and metabolism are yet to be characterized in this fern. our research indicates that brake fern could be a source of genes that could inform us about how plants adapt to abiotic stress factors such as high temperature stress and drought that have oxidative stress as a component. some of these genes can be expected to be valuable for improving crops for increased tolerance to stress.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 722, "doi": "10.1111/J.1570-7458.2012.01314.X", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_fungi"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01314.x", "mag_terms": ["boisea rubrolineata", "rhopalidae", "hemiptera", "sunbathing", "western boxelder", "beauveria bassiana", "hypocreales", "overwintering", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["plants", "chinese brake", "pteris vittata"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014084507042253001, 0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]}, - {"paper": "W1988414304", "mesh_terms": ["Body Temperature Regulation", "Starfish", "Animals", "Body Size", "Body Temperature", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Seawater", "Seawater", "Starfish", "Water Movements"], "venue_ids": ["V122176235"], "venue_names": ["The American Naturalist", "New Phytologist", "Biological Letters", "PLOS ONE", "Plant Signaling & Behavior"], "author_ids": ["A2429170916", "A2111001528", "A1973574584"], "author_names": ["Sylvain Pincebourde", "Eric Sanford", "Brian Helmuth"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "An Intertidal Sea Star Adjusts Thermal Inertia to Avoid Extreme Body Temperatures", "abstract": "abstract: the body temperature of ectotherms is influenced by the interaction of abiotic conditions, morphology, and behavior. although organisms living in different thermal habitats may exhibit morphological plasticity or move from unfavorable locations, there are few examples of animals adjusting their thermal properties in response to short\u2010term changes in local conditions. here, we show that the intertidal sea star pisaster ochraceus modulates its thermal inertia in response to prior thermal exposure. after exposure to high body temperature at low tide, sea stars increase the amount of colder\u2010than\u2010air fluid in their coelomic cavity when submerged during high tide, resulting in a lower body temperature during the subsequent low tide. moreover, this buffering capacity is more effective when seawater is cold during the previous high tide. this ability to modify the volume of coelomic fluid provides sea stars with a novel thermoregulatory \u201cbackup\u201d when faced with prolonged exposure to elevated aerial temp...", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=biol_facpub", "petalID": 723, "doi": "10.1098/RSBL.2009.0311", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "absorb_and/or_filter_gases", "capture_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0311", "mag_terms": ["pitcher plant", "mutualism", "nepenthes lowii", "predation", "arthropod", "sympatric speciation", "epicuticular wax", "habitat", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["sea stars", "pisaster ochraceus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.035714285714285005, 0.017857142857142003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, + {"paper": "W1988414304", "mesh_terms": ["Body Temperature Regulation", "Starfish", "Animals", "Body Size", "Body Temperature", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Seawater", "Seawater", "Starfish", "Water Movements"], "venue_ids": ["V122176235"], "venue_names": ["The American Naturalist", "New Phytologist", "Biological Letters", "PLOS ONE", "Plant Signaling & Behavior"], "author_ids": ["A2429170916", "A2111001528", "A1973574584"], "author_names": ["Sylvain Pincebourde", "Eric Sanford", "Brian Helmuth"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "An Intertidal Sea Star Adjusts Thermal Inertia to Avoid Extreme Body Temperatures", "abstract": "abstract: the body temperature of ectotherms is influenced by the interaction of abiotic conditions, morphology, and behavior. although organisms living in different thermal habitats may exhibit morphological plasticity or move from unfavorable locations, there are few examples of animals adjusting their thermal properties in response to short\u2010term changes in local conditions. here, we show that the intertidal sea star pisaster ochraceus modulates its thermal inertia in response to prior thermal exposure. after exposure to high body temperature at low tide, sea stars increase the amount of colder\u2010than\u2010air fluid in their coelomic cavity when submerged during high tide, resulting in a lower body temperature during the subsequent low tide. moreover, this buffering capacity is more effective when seawater is cold during the previous high tide. this ability to modify the volume of coelomic fluid provides sea stars with a novel thermoregulatory \u201cbackup\u201d when faced with prolonged exposure to elevated aerial temp...", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=biol_facpub", "petalID": 723, "doi": "10.1098/RSBL.2009.0311", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "absorb_and/or_filter_gases", "capture_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0311", "mag_terms": ["pitcher plant", "mutualism", "nepenthes lowii", "predation", "arthropod", "sympatric speciation", "epicuticular wax", "habitat", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["sea stars", "pisaster ochraceus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.035714285714285005, 0.017857142857142003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2081408736", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V33108253"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Bionic Engineering", "Trends in Biotechnology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Journal of Experimental Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2772090564", "A2580358968", "A1819715947"], "author_names": ["Hamed Rajabi", "M. Moghadami", "Abolfazl Darvizeh"], "reference_ids": ["W1968158085", "W2019991105", "W1994650829", "W2021495108", "W2112746110", "W2136243234", "W2077630571", "W2115332861", "W1910119307", "W2007729018", "W2156421840", "W2033613634", "W2073116181", "W2140789871", "W2148180619", "W1560068742", "W2047756424", "W2083281833", "W1989249387", "W2077120520", "W1993615014", "W2047780914", "W2066475029", "W2109689820", "W1935278110", "W1963636759", "W2139035728", "W2069414577", "W2089789986", "W2164511061", "W2180940137", "W2014721421", "W2133403435", "W1855145048", "W2004420873", "W2099655228", "W2170928818", "W2131995654"], "title": "Investigation of microstructure, natural frequencies and vibration modes of dragonfly wing", "abstract": "in the present work, a thorough investigation on the microstructural and morphological aspects of dragonfly wings was carried out using scanning electron microscope. then, based on this study and the previous reports, a precise three-dimensional numerical model was developed and natural frequencies and vibration modes of dragonfly forewing were determined by finite element method. the results shown that dragonfly wings are made of a series of adaptive materials, which form a very complex composite structure. this bio-composite fabrication has some unique features and potential benefits. furthermore, the numerical results show that the first natural frequency of dragonfly wings is about 168 hz and bending is the predominant deformation mode in this stage. the accuracy of the present analysis is verified by comparison of calculated results with experimental data. this paper may be helpful for micro aerial vehicle design concerning dynamic response.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 724, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0703535104", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "modify/convert_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_mechanical_energy", "protect_from_non-living_threats", "manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["manage_shear", "protect_from_loss_of_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/104/25/10536", "mag_terms": ["sieve tube element", "forisome", "electrical penetration graph", "aphid", "phloem", "saliva", "photoassimilate", "arthropod mouthparts", "biophysics", "botany", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W1989249387", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V169493037"], "venue_names": ["Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics", "How Life Learned to Live: Adaptation in Nature", "Naturwissenschaften"], "author_ids": ["A3176673391"], "author_names": ["Z. Jane Wang"], "reference_ids": ["W647262553", "W1590525190", "W1987996887", "W2026567451", "W2113418065", "W1736100276", "W2097127297", "W1902996401", "W2047442333", "W2070684742", "W2035904552", "W2043707975", "W2418567294", "W1941631367", "W1970218829", "W1985078940", "W2224226892", "W2492575839", "W2017626220", "W2090150458", "W2152260006", "W2157420316", "W65539623", "W1945609871", "W2051788799", "W1963636759", "W2089789986", "W2122861279", "W2164511061", "W1258655983", "W1607071030", "W1970874549", "W2115332861", "W2154159138", "W1993969979", "W2056318256", "W2141823110", "W2166251540", "W2013770987", "W2117726939", "W2129019985", "W2154762949", "W2158445119", "W3178464027", "W25835819", "W1755451718", "W2121822682", "W2147317964", "W1997840913", "W2041167909", "W2046765688", "W2144693117", "W2032111277", "W2054687608", "W2133809269", "W2498412764", "W1929804399", "W2035582186", "W2113042984", "W2154137653", "W1568848658", "W2036955083", "W2152759371", "W2265507025", "W2512067322", "W2080524911", "W2401174741", "W236838446", "W1987687683", "W1208338276", "W2074919290", "W2269842831", "W2093498757", "W2184165640", "W2991717755", "W1983020121", "W2080340386", "W2120163044", "W2128616918", "W2482977812", "W2488519256", "W1970315913", "W2109689820", "W2167263218", "W1620543634", "W1630960159", "W2254592690", "W1903589887", "W2139035728", "W2126476514"], "title": "DISSECTING INSECT FLIGHT", "abstract": "\u25aa abstract\u2002\u201cwhat force does an insect wing generate?\u201d finding answers to this enduring question is an essential step toward our understanding of interactions of moving objects with fluids that enable most living species such as insects, birds, and fish to travel efficiently and us to follow similar suit with sails, oars, and airfoils. we give a brief history of research in insect flight and discuss recent findings in unsteady aerodynamics of flapping flight at intermediate range reynolds numbers (10\u2013104). in particular, we examine the unsteady mechanisms in uniform and accelerated motions, forward and hovering flight, as well as passive flight of free-falling objects. the results obtained by \u201ctaking the insects apart\u201d helped us to resolve previous puzzles about the force estimates in hovering insects, to ellucidate basic mechanisms essential to flapping flight, and to gain insights about the efficieny of flight.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 725, "doi": "10.1007/S00114-004-0539-3", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["physically_assemble_structure", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["sense_shape_and/or_pattern"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15257392/", "mag_terms": ["honeycomb", "wax", "chemical physics", "materials science", "nanotechnology", "building activity"], "species": ["bird", "fish", "insects", "birds", "oar"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.023255813953488, 0.023255813953488, 0.069767441860465, 0.023255813953488, 0.023255813953488], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304]}, {"paper": "W2460150301", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V6403244"], "venue_names": ["Plant Ecology and Evolution", "The ISME Journal", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A3200914175", "A3199857338"], "author_names": ["R.M. Smith", "Ammar Khammash"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "A three-dimensional study of sub-foliar condensation in desert rhubarb (Rheum palaestinum, Polygonaceae)", "abstract": "background and aim - desert rhubarb (rheum palaestinum feinbr.), a rare perennial plant endemic to jordan and southern israel, grows in areas with very low annual rainfall. it produces large leaves, at", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 726, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1125878", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/313/5784/233", "mag_terms": ["biomineralization", "ralstonia", "cupriavidus metallidurans", "biofilm", "authigenic", "bacteria", "mineralization", "ribosomal dna", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": ["rhubarb", "rheum palaestinum"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.07142857142857101, 0.07142857142857101], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W1988774285", "mesh_terms": ["Avidin", "Avidin", "Biotin", "Protein Structure, Secondary", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Avidin", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Binding Sites", "Biotin", "Biotin", "Models, Molecular", "Models, Structural", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Sequence Homology, Amino Acid", "Streptavidin"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A6003130", "A2078782376", "A31787614", "A1915043119"], "author_names": ["Oded Livnah", "Edward A. Bayer", "Meir Wilchek", "Joel L. Sussman"], "reference_ids": ["W1999623501", "W2004360551", "W2038114549", "W2056312046", "W1695325324", "W1975914851", "W2006548681", "W1963523261", "W2060448324", "W19396731", "W2086744657", "W2051654117", "W1821316767", "W2094915725", "W2027836552", "W2114926334", "W1862864001", "W2405792786", "W1788023629", "W1926995182", "W1976035496"], "title": "Three-dimensional structures of avidin and the avidin-biotin complex", "abstract": "the crystal structures of a deglycosylated form of the egg-white glycoprotein avidin and of its complex with biotin have been determined to 2.6 and 3.0 a, respectively. the structures reveal the amino acid residues critical for stabilization of the tetrameric assembly and for the exceptionally tight binding of biotin. each monomer is an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel, remarkably similar to that of the genetically distinct bacterial analog streptavidin. as in streptavidin, binding of biotin involves a highly stabilized network of polar and hydrophobic interactions. there are, however, some differences. the presence of additional hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the binding site of avidin (which are missing in streptavidin) may account for its higher affinity constant. two amino acid substitutions are proposed to be responsible for its susceptibility to denaturation relative to streptavidin. unexpectedly, a residual n-acetylglucosamine moiety was detected in the deglycosylated avidin monomer by difference fourier synthesis.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/90/11/5076.full.pdf", "petalID": 727, "doi": "10.3389/FPHYS.2019.00972", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "send_chemical_signals", "manage populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_animals", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.00972/full", "mag_terms": ["olfaction", "olfactory system", "sensory ecology", "context", "odor", "sensory system", "insect", "adaptation", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W1988774285", "mesh_terms": ["Avidin", "Avidin", "Biotin", "Protein Structure, Secondary", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Avidin", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Binding Sites", "Biotin", "Biotin", "Models, Molecular", "Models, Structural", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Sequence Homology, Amino Acid", "Streptavidin"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A6003130", "A2078782376", "A31787614", "A1915043119"], "author_names": ["Oded Livnah", "Edward A. Bayer", "Meir Wilchek", "Joel L. Sussman"], "reference_ids": ["W1999623501", "W2004360551", "W2038114549", "W2056312046", "W1695325324", "W1975914851", "W2006548681", "W1963523261", "W2060448324", "W19396731", "W2086744657", "W2051654117", "W1821316767", "W2094915725", "W2027836552", "W2114926334", "W1862864001", "W2405792786", "W1788023629", "W1926995182", "W1976035496"], "title": "Three-dimensional structures of avidin and the avidin-biotin complex", "abstract": "the crystal structures of a deglycosylated form of the egg-white glycoprotein avidin and of its complex with biotin have been determined to 2.6 and 3.0 a, respectively. the structures reveal the amino acid residues critical for stabilization of the tetrameric assembly and for the exceptionally tight binding of biotin. each monomer is an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel, remarkably similar to that of the genetically distinct bacterial analog streptavidin. as in streptavidin, binding of biotin involves a highly stabilized network of polar and hydrophobic interactions. there are, however, some differences. the presence of additional hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the binding site of avidin (which are missing in streptavidin) may account for its higher affinity constant. two amino acid substitutions are proposed to be responsible for its susceptibility to denaturation relative to streptavidin. unexpectedly, a residual n-acetylglucosamine moiety was detected in the deglycosylated avidin monomer by difference fourier synthesis.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/90/11/5076.full.pdf", "petalID": 727, "doi": "10.3389/FPHYS.2019.00972", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "send_chemical_signals", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_animals", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.00972/full", "mag_terms": ["olfaction", "olfactory system", "sensory ecology", "context", "odor", "sensory system", "insect", "adaptation", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2141090060", "mesh_terms": ["Decapoda", "Elasticity", "Energy Metabolism", "Predatory Behavior", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Decapoda", "Decapoda", "Elasticity", "Energy Metabolism", "Minerals", "Models, Biological", "Predatory Behavior", "Rest", "Rest"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Nature Chemistry"], "author_ids": ["A2276623334", "A2251438400", "A2170380909"], "author_names": ["T. I. Zack", "Thomas Claverie", "Sheila N. Patek"], "reference_ids": ["W2047198684", "W1593739729", "W1934081562", "W2051302904", "W2100541914", "W2159708810", "W1972736623", "W2158255386", "W2106913783", "W2149515754", "W2080477163", "W2022300194", "W1560068742", "W2126040686", "W1992707193", "W2102248143", "W2107794468", "W2189040607", "W2010026582", "W2107060720", "W2154943950", "W2158777221", "W2320093951", "W2008861638", "W2105595651", "W1968668529", "W2005899194", "W2310277200", "W2048419221", "W1982628054", "W2008342119", "W2316984823", "W2074887196", "W2156104242", "W1975633283", "W2074786477", "W2089268738", "W2158120837", "W2169083454", "W2169670258", "W2132263030", "W1969308325", "W1977865080", "W1997545605", "W2081850166", "W1899885104", "W2142599444"], "title": "Elastic energy storage in the mantis shrimp's fast predatory strike.", "abstract": "storage of elastic energy is key to increasing the power output of many biological systems. mantis shrimp (stomatopoda) must store considerable elastic energy prior to their rapid raptorial strikes; however, little is known about the dynamics and location of elastic energy storage structures in this system. we used computed tomography (ct) to visualize the mineralization patterns in gonodactylaceus falcatus and high speed videography of odontodactylus scyllarus to observe the dynamics of spring loading. using a materials testing apparatus, we measured the force and work required to contract the elastic structures in g. falcatus. there was a positive linear correlation between contraction force and contraction distance; alternative model tests further supported the use of a linear model. therefore, we modeled the system as a hookean spring. the force required to fully compress the spring was positively correlated with body mass and appendage size, but the spring constant did not scale with body size, suggesting a possible role of muscle constraints in the scaling of this system. one hypothesized elastic storage structure, the saddle, only contributed approximately 11% of the total measured force, thus suggesting that primary site of elastic energy storage is in the mineralized ventral bars found in the merus segment of the raptorial appendages. furthermore, the intact system exhibited 81% resilience and severing the saddle resulted in a non-significant reduction to 77% resilience. the remarkable shapes and mineralization patterns that characterize the mantis shrimp's raptorial appendage further reveal a highly integrated mechanical power amplification system based on exoskeletal elastic energy storage.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/212/24/4002.full.pdf", "petalID": 728, "doi": "10.1038/NCHEM.822", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_light_energy", "protect_from_non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["self-assemble", "protect_from_light"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nchem.822", "mag_terms": ["pulmonary surfactant", "lipid bilayer", "carbon nanotube", "electrochemistry", "chemical engineering", "metastability", "nanotechnology", "chemistry", "solar energy conversion"], "species": ["gonodactylaceus falcatus", "odontodactylus scyllarus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011235955056179001, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2106735500", "mesh_terms": ["Carotenoids", "Carotenoids", "Feathers", "Finches", "Pigments, Biological", "Sexual Behavior, Animal", "Animals", "Antioxidants", "Antioxidants", "Antioxidants", "Antioxidants", "Carotenoids", "Carotenoids", "Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid", "Feathers", "Female", "Finches", "Male", "Pigments, Biological", "Sex Characteristics", "Sexual Behavior, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Nature Chemical Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2286897755", "A2139861980", "A1974830314", "A2157058774", "A2146816986"], "author_names": ["Matthew D. Shawkey", "Geoffrey E. Hill", "Kevin J. McGraw", "Wendy R. Hood", "Kristal Huggins"], "reference_ids": ["W1638314861", "W2056267762", "W431762713", "W2128626044", "W2014518833", "W175283032", "W2091402966", "W2138571787", "W2148442536", "W2099371258", "W2331207712", "W2167614676", "W2323910535", "W2020992941", "W2145989396", "W2112549055", "W2134342010", "W2157548458", "W2486824564", "W599580374", "W2008810054", "W2033414930"], "title": "An experimental test of the contributions and condition dependence of microstructure and carotenoids in yellow plumage coloration", "abstract": "a combination of structural and pigmentary components is responsible for many of the colour displays of animals. despite the ubiquity of this type of coloration, neither the relative contribution of structures and pigments to variation in such colour displays nor the relative effects of extrinsic factors on the structural and pigment-based components of such colour has been determined. understanding the sources of colour variation is important because structures and pigments may convey different information to conspecifics. in an experiment on captive american goldfinches carduelis tristis, we manipulated two parameters, carotenoid availability and food availability, known to affect the expression of carotenoid pigments in a full-factorial design. yellow feathers from these birds were then analysed in two ways. first, we used full-spectrum spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to examine the extent to which variation in white structural colour and total carotenoid content was associated with variation in colour properties of feathers. the carotenoid content of yellow feathers predicted two colour parameters (principal component 1\u2014representing high values of ultraviolet and yellow chroma and low values of violet\u2010blue chroma\u2014and hue). two different colour parameters (violet\u2010blue and yellow chroma) from white de-pigmented feathers, as well as carotenoid content, predicted reflectance measurements from yellow feathers. second, we determined the relative effects of our experimental manipulations on white structural colour and yellow colour. carotenoid availability directly affected yellow colour, while food availability affected it only in combination with carotenoid availability. none of our manipulations had significant effects on the expression of white structural colour. our results suggest that the contribution of microstructures to variation in the expression of yellow coloration is less than the contribution of carotenoid content, and that carotenoid deposition is more dependent on extrinsic variability than is the production of white structural colour.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1639519?pdf=render", "petalID": 729, "doi": "10.1038/NCHEMBIO0207-86", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_break_down"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio0207-86", "mag_terms": ["mixed function oxygenases", "catalytic cycle", "reactive intermediate", "catalysis", "combinatorial chemistry", "enzyme", "oxygenase", "chemistry", "oxidative phosphorylation", "biophysics", "oxidation reduction"], "species": ["american goldfinch", "bird", "carduelis", "birds"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.010204081632653001, 0.010204081632653001, 0.010204081632653001], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2604491631", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V6403244"], "venue_names": ["Plant Ecology and Evolution", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A224745574", "A2133431614", "A1973585656", "A3202646786"], "author_names": ["Simcha Lev-Yadun", "Gadi Katzir", "Gidi Ne'eman", "Ano"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "Self-irrigation in the desert rhubarb Rheum palaestinum a response to Khammash", "abstract": "khammash (2016) argued that self-irrigation occurs in the desert plant rheum palaestinum feinbrun, by collecting dew with its unique 3d leaf morphology and its extremely large leaves rather than colle", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 730, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.01795", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/18/3609.abstract", "mag_terms": ["l amino acid oxidase", "antimicrobial", "bacteria", "oxidase test", "tryptone", "amino acid", "pathogenic bacteria", "escherichia coli", "biochemistry", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": ["rheum palaestinum"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.1], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ {"paper": "W2076699264", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "New Phytologist"], "author_ids": ["A2143545286", "A2044393236", "A2129602176", "A71188622", "A2103521964"], "author_names": ["Aaswath Raman", "Marc Abou Anoma", "Linxiao Zhu", "Eden Rephaeli", "Shanhui Fan"], "reference_ids": ["W2087566167", "W2090519047", "W3136856775", "W2032072148", "W1602972873", "W1968614157", "W1990425799", "W2032776224", "W2022256442", "W2500857812", "W2001547518", "W2151049413", "W2009574239", "W2027213426", "W2040413221", "W2045467744", "W2070244963", "W2154985159", "W2167648133", "W1982600261", "W2114519460", "W2037137799", "W2038141673", "W2026840366", "W2163285975", "W1991007197", "W2076485547", "W2162123284", "W3105036521", "W1983579730", "W1998606404", "W2055392594", "W2289121527", "W2026527198", "W2002506515", "W2032561324", "W1977809432", "W2011042917"], "title": "Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight", "abstract": "a multilayer photonic structure is described that strongly reflects incident sunlight while emitting heat selectively through an atmospheric transparency window to outer space; this leads to passive cooling under direct sunlight of 5 degrees celsius below ambient air temperature, which has potential applications in air-conditioning and energy efficiency.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 755, "doi": "10.1111/J.1469-8137.2010.03220.X", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20298484/", "mag_terms": ["betula pendula", "euceraphis betulae", "rhododendron tomentosum", "autumnal moth", "epirrita", "polydrusus", "herbivore", "aphid", "botany", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2057916567", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Biological", "Antifreeze Proteins", "Coleoptera", "Adaptation, Biological", "Alaska", "Animals", "Antifreeze Proteins", "Coleoptera", "Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel", "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "Molecular Structure", "Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization", "Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Hydrobiologia", "Limnology and Oceanography", "Trends in Ecology & Evolution", "Water Science and Technology", "Environmental Evidence", "Agroforestry Systems"], "author_ids": ["A2142701933", "A2015528947", "A2222835719", "A2137345843", "A1431352998"], "author_names": ["Kent R. Walters", "Anthony S. Serianni", "Todd Sformo", "Brian M. Barnes", "John G. Duman"], "reference_ids": ["W1537226343", "W1997063447", "W2166848166", "W2017481568", "W2064811858", "W2106665887", "W2082466102", "W2070140563", "W2074954384", "W1547049042", "W2003642977", "W968790055", "W2007629654", "W2063385774", "W1567612170", "W2021072476", "W288623634", "W2039427164", "W2082760019", "W2093700493", "W1998472209", "W1996138497", "W1569885738", "W2051019070", "W187964413", "W1970928969", "W2011392915", "W2124841458", "W2052697362", "W2149928611", "W2144890773", "W1603478415"], "title": "A nonprotein thermal hysteresis-producing xylomannan antifreeze in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides", "abstract": "thermal hysteresis (th), a difference between the melting and freezing points of a solution that is indicative of the presence of large-molecular-mass antifreezes (e.g., antifreeze proteins), has been described in animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi. although all previously described th-producing biomolecules are proteins, most thermal hysteresis factors (thfs) have not yet been structurally characterized, and none have been characterized from a freeze-tolerant animal. we isolated a highly active thf from the freeze-tolerant beetle, upis ceramboides, by means of ice affinity. amino acid chromatographic analysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, uv-vis spectrophotometry, and nmr spectroscopy indicated that the thf contained little or no protein, yet it produced 3.7 \u00b1 0.3 \u00b0c of th at 5 mg/ml, comparable to that of the most active insect antifreeze proteins. compositional and structural analyses indicated that this antifreeze contains a \u03b2-mannopyranosyl-(1\u21924) \u03b2-xylopyranose backbone and a fatty acid component, although the lipid may not be covalently linked to the saccharide. consistent with the proposed structure, treatment with endo-\u03b2-(1\u21924)xylanase ablated th activity. this xylomannan is the first th-producing antifreeze isolated from a freeze-tolerant animal and the first in a new class of highly active thfs that contain little or no protein.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/106/48/20210.full.pdf", "petalID": 756, "doi": "10.1023/A:1017506914063", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "detox/purify"], "level3": ["control_erosion"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1017506914063?LI=true", "mag_terms": ["nitrogen cycle", "nitrogen balance", "denitrification", "human impact on the nitrogen cycle", "aquatic plant", "wetland", "nitrogen", "biogeochemical cycle", "environmental chemistry", "ecology", "environmental science"], "species": ["bacteria", "plants", "upis ceramboides"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017857142857142003, 0.017857142857142003, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W1933334217", "mesh_terms": ["Ants", "Quorum Sensing", "Animals", "Ants", "Choice Behavior", "Decision Making", "Models, Theoretical", "Quorum Sensing"], "venue_ids": ["V196734849"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Scientific Reports", "Plant and Soil", "New Phytologist", "Science", "Journal of Rice Research", "Natural Product Communications", "Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Interactions"], "author_ids": ["A1944501357", "A2173916830", "A2100275568", "A2536353854", "A2534833514", "A2089298275", "A2171861656", "A1965887783"], "author_names": ["Nigel R. Franks", "Jonathan P. Stuttard", "Carolina Doran", "Julian C. Esposito", "Maximillian C. Master", "Ana B. Sendova-Franks", "Naoki Masuda", "Nicholas F. Britton"], "reference_ids": ["W2144095870", "W1578754960", "W2161305294", "W2008514254", "W2009521879", "W2065283331", "W2143596414", "W2145796463", "W1701471885", "W2039704093", "W2041095187", "W2114707584", "W3150197019", "W2058879737", "W2111608673", "W2154774458", "W1969558625", "W2077129298", "W2124687561", "W2108775265", "W1996908850", "W1993519343", "W1993177291", "W2038106403", "W2094761309", "W2159253498", "W2001498147", "W2027646695", "W2061592058", "W2089999063", "W2022148727", "W1962855533", "W2045542244", "W2155811809", "W2100513912", "W2136508791", "W1973223110", "W2114577239"], "title": "How ants use quorum sensing to estimate the average quality of a fluctuating resource", "abstract": "we show that one of the advantages of quorum-based decision-making is an ability to estimate the average value of a resource that fluctuates in quality. by using a quorum threshold, namely the number of ants within a new nest site, to determine their choice, the ants are in effect voting with their feet. our results show that such quorum sensing is compatible with homogenization theory such that the average value of a new nest site is determined by ants accumulating within it when the nest site is of high quality and leaving when it is poor. hence, the ants can estimate a surprisingly accurate running average quality of a complex resource through the use of extraordinarily simple procedures.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/srep11890.pdf", "petalID": 757, "doi": "10.1111/J.1469-8137.2011.04005.X", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_fungi", "protect_from_plants", "protect_from_microbes", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04005.x", "mag_terms": ["copalyl diphosphate synthase", "allelopathy", "oryza sativa", "echinochloa", "weed", "metabolic engineering", "natural product", "paddy field", "botany", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2144814216", "mesh_terms": ["Camelus", "Respiration", "Water", "Air", "Air", "Animals", "Body Temperature", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Camelus", "Female", "Male", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A119311694", "A2152244150", "A1981216744"], "author_names": ["Knut Schmidt-Nielsen", "Robert C. Schroter", "Amiram Shkolnik"], "reference_ids": ["W2413471954", "W1508361990", "W2090706008", "W2058411277", "W615529136", "W2115628327", "W1976243118", "W569951872", "W1981862084", "W1966905862", "W2072805590", "W2318143411", "W2041103937", "W613949648", "W2042022453", "W1972482198", "W2340012539", "W1982430427", "W2001466552", "W2127168248", "W1967842159", "W1979479476"], "title": "Desaturation of exhaled air in camels", "abstract": "we have found that camels can reduce the water loss due to evaporation from the respiratory tract in two ways: (1) by decreasing the temperature of the exhaled air and (2) by removal of water vapour from this air, resulting in the exhalation of air at less than 100% relative humidity (r.h.). camels were kept under desert conditions and deprived of drinking water. in the daytime the exhaled air was at or near body core temperature, while in the cooler night exhaled air wat at or near ambient air temperature. in the daytime the exhaled air was fully saturated, but at night its humidity might fall to approximately 75% r.h. the combination of cooling and desaturation can provide a saving of water of 60% relative to exhalation of saturated air at body temperature. the mechanism responsible for cooling of the exhaled air is a simple heat exchange between the respiratory air and the surfaces of the nasal passageways. on inhalation these surfaces are cooled by the air passing over them, and on exhalation heat from the exhaled air is given off to these cooler surfaces. the mechanism responsible for desaturation of the air appears to depend on the hygroscopic properties of the nasal surfaces when the camel is dehydrated. the surfaces give off water vapour during inhalation and take up water from the respiratory air during exhalation. we have used a simple mechanical model to demonstrate the effectiveness of this mechanism.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 758, "doi": "10.1023/A:1006245605705", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006245605705", "mag_terms": ["land use", "agriculture", "water use", "understory", "ecosystem", "agroecosystem", "agroforestry", "soil fertility", "microclimate", "environmental science"], "species": ["camel"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.035294117647058004], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2144814216", "mesh_terms": ["Camelus", "Respiration", "Water", "Air", "Air", "Animals", "Body Temperature", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Camelus", "Female", "Male", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A119311694", "A2152244150", "A1981216744"], "author_names": ["Knut Schmidt-Nielsen", "Robert C. Schroter", "Amiram Shkolnik"], "reference_ids": ["W2413471954", "W1508361990", "W2090706008", "W2058411277", "W615529136", "W2115628327", "W1976243118", "W569951872", "W1981862084", "W1966905862", "W2072805590", "W2318143411", "W2041103937", "W613949648", "W2042022453", "W1972482198", "W2340012539", "W1982430427", "W2001466552", "W2127168248", "W1967842159", "W1979479476"], "title": "Desaturation of exhaled air in camels", "abstract": "we have found that camels can reduce the water loss due to evaporation from the respiratory tract in two ways: (1) by decreasing the temperature of the exhaled air and (2) by removal of water vapour from this air, resulting in the exhalation of air at less than 100% relative humidity (r.h.). camels were kept under desert conditions and deprived of drinking water. in the daytime the exhaled air was at or near body core temperature, while in the cooler night exhaled air wat at or near ambient air temperature. in the daytime the exhaled air was fully saturated, but at night its humidity might fall to approximately 75% r.h. the combination of cooling and desaturation can provide a saving of water of 60% relative to exhalation of saturated air at body temperature. the mechanism responsible for cooling of the exhaled air is a simple heat exchange between the respiratory air and the surfaces of the nasal passageways. on inhalation these surfaces are cooled by the air passing over them, and on exhalation heat from the exhaled air is given off to these cooler surfaces. the mechanism responsible for desaturation of the air appears to depend on the hygroscopic properties of the nasal surfaces when the camel is dehydrated. the surfaces give off water vapour during inhalation and take up water from the respiratory air during exhalation. we have used a simple mechanical model to demonstrate the effectiveness of this mechanism.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 758, "doi": "10.1023/A:1006245605705", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["manage_environmental_disturbances", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006245605705", "mag_terms": ["land use", "agriculture", "water use", "understory", "ecosystem", "agroecosystem", "agroforestry", "soil fertility", "microclimate", "environmental science"], "species": ["camel"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.035294117647058004], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2043121892", "mesh_terms": ["Animal Structures", "Porpoises", "Animal Structures", "Animals", "Porpoises"], "venue_ids": ["V173450624"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Morphology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Advances in Insect Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2416753189", "A2003619933", "A2119058112", "A2941121884"], "author_names": ["Jonna L. Hamilton", "Richard M. Dillaman", "William A. McLellan", "D. Ann Pabst"], "reference_ids": ["W1998242755", "W2071215218", "W1989902894", "W2343995715", "W2070766164", "W1560068742", "W2067825048", "W2105272433", "W2301393537", "W2801830100", "W2010710921", "W2036868647", "W2120090747", "W2072405799", "W2094817660", "W2329630618", "W2058864865", "W2122384102", "W9322736", "W2109799070"], "title": "Structural fiber reinforcement of keel blubber in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena).", "abstract": "this study investigated the functional morphology of the blubber that forms the caudal keels of the harbor porpoise (phocoena phocoena). blubber is a pliant biocomposite formed by adipocytes and structural fibers composed of collagen and elastic fibers. caudal keels are dorsally and ventrally placed triangular wedges of blubber that define the hydrodynamic profile of the porpoise tailstock. mechanical tests on carcasses demonstrate that when keels are bent, they strain nonuniformly along their lengths, with highest strains just caudal to the dorsal fin and lowest at the insertion of the flukes. therefore, caudal keels undergo nonuniform longitudinal deformation while maintaining a stable, triangular cross-sectional shape. polarizing and transmitted light microscopy techniques were used to investigate blubber's 3d fiber architecture along the length of the dorsal keel. the triangular cross-sectional shape of the keel appears to be maintained by structural fibers oriented to act as tensile stays. the construction of the blubber composite is regionally specific :structural fiber densities and diameters are higher in the relatively stiff caudal region of the keel than in the more deformable cranial keel region. the orientations of structural fibers also change along the length of the keel. cranially, no fibers are oriented along the long axis, whereas a novel population of longitudinally oriented fibers reinforces the keel at the insertion of the flukes. thus, differences in the distribution and orientation of structural fibers contribute to the regionally specific mechanical properties of the dorsal keel.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 759, "doi": "10.1016/BS.AIIP.2015.06.004", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["expel_gases", "distribute_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0065280615000272?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["discontinuous gas exchange", "context", "mechanism", "function", "variation", "biochemical engineering", "insect", "ecology", "biology", "functional significance", "respiratory gas exchange"], "species": ["phocoena phocoena", "phocoena", "flukes", "harbor porpoise"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.013698630136986, 0.027397260273972, 0.013698630136986], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2061495694", "mesh_terms": ["Acclimatization", "Adenine Nucleotides", "Cold Temperature", "Helminths", "Acclimatization", "Adenine Nucleotides", "Adenosine Diphosphate", "Adenosine Diphosphate", "Adenosine Monophosphate", "Adenosine Monophosphate", "Adenosine Triphosphate", "Adenosine Triphosphate", "Alaska", "Animals", "Cold Climate", "Helminths", "Ice"], "venue_ids": ["V193677276"], "venue_names": ["Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology", "Communications in Partial Differential Equations", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2323726040", "A1978542174", "A2097111342"], "author_names": ["Michael J. Napolitano", "Robert G. Nagele", "Daniel H. Shain"], "reference_ids": ["W1557870320", "W2067522487", "W1964150870", "W2028479043", "W61335299", "W2072594154", "W2160706746", "W1566830427", "W1569813716", "W2031510354", "W2017637265", "W2418652739", "W2031828047", "W2109073916", "W2045350111", "W1984638090", "W2048289912", "W2287463683"], "title": "The ice worm, Mesenchytraeus solifugus, elevates adenylate levels at low physiological temperature.", "abstract": "abstract mesenchytraeus solifugus , is among a few metazoan species that survive exclusively in glacier ice/snow. in this study, we demonstrate that ice worm adenylate levels [i.e. adenosine 5\u2032-triphosphate (atp), adp and amp] are maintained at levels well above their mesophilic counterparts, and that their response to temperature change is distinctly opposite, namely, ice worms increase energy levels as temperatures fall. initially, this response is characterized by a sharp spike in [atp] and the adenylate energy charge (even at sub-zero temperatures), which is followed by corresponding increases in [adp] and [amp] within a few days. these results suggest that ice worms have evolved a compensatory mechanism by which gains in adenylate nucleotides off-set, at least in part, the inherent lethargy and death usually associated with cold temperature.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 760, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1193210", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["process_signals"], "level3": ["sense_shape_and/or_pattern", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/331/6014/183", "mag_terms": ["maximal independent set", "selection", "set", "need to know", "distributed computing", "task", "computer science", "basis", "simple", "degree"], "species": ["mesenchytraeus solifugus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.019230769230769003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2115017825", "mesh_terms": ["Chemoreceptor Cells", "Cnidaria", "Mechanoreceptors", "Sea Anemones", "Animals", "Chemoreceptor Cells", "Cnidaria", "Mechanoreceptors", "Sea Anemones"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2148825680", "A1228167192"], "author_names": ["Glen M. Watson", "David A. Hessinger"], "reference_ids": ["W625982699", "W2023412925", "W2185178192", "W2016589954", "W2079612585", "W2105250274", "W1982700753", "W2095475114", "W1965361578", "W2057639671", "W2076004673", "W2010060497", "W2082276395", "W2015903323", "W2059734972", "W2097638779", "W2051982486", "W2035028247", "W2092900886"], "title": "Cnidocyte mechanoreceptors are tuned to the movements of swimming prey by chemoreceptors.", "abstract": "cnidocytes, the stinging cells of cnidarians, discharge nematocysts in response to physical contact accompanied by the stimulation of specific chemoreceptors. cnidocytes in fishing tentacles of a sea anemone are now found to discharge nematocysts preferentially into targets vibrating at 30, 55, and 65 to 75 hertz. moreover, in the presence of submicromolar concentrations of known chemosensitizers, such as n-acetylated sugars and mucin, these optima shift to 5, 15, 30, and 40 hertz, frequencies that correspond to the movements of swimming prey. hence, chemoreceptors for these substances tune cnidocyte mechanoreceptors to frequencies that match the movements of the prey.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 761, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0408304102", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "attach", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats", "attach_temporarily", "passive_movement"], "level3": ["protect_from_solids", "protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/102/2/385", "mag_terms": ["synthetic setae", "gecko", "seta", "adhesive", "particle", "van der waals force", "polymer science", "nanotechnology", "materials science", "self cleaning", "vertical surfaces"], "species": ["cnidarians"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.028571428571428], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -792,18 +792,18 @@ {"paper": "W1964124929", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V98276404"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Insect Physiology", "The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature", "Nature", "The Canadian Entomologist"], "author_ids": ["A2691975355", "A2649652259"], "author_names": ["S.G. Naidu", "J. Hattingh"], "reference_ids": ["W2329157893", "W2054631056", "W2045573078", "W2304685792", "W1966338923", "W2466323668", "W2895366844", "W2397487872", "W2065296996", "W1775749144", "W2039336530", "W2066336070", "W2259621923", "W1982865223", "W2895512996", "W1931652114", "W2037601279", "W2312359856", "W2152300276", "W1957505127", "W2167677733", "W1982254241"], "title": "Water balance and osmoregulation in Physadesmia globosa, a diurnal tenebrionid beetle from the Namib desert", "abstract": "abstract dehydration (10 days at 26\u00b0c) of the namib tenebrionid beetle physadesmia globosa resulted in rapid weight loss (approx. 19%), and a substantial decline in haemolymph volume (61%). although the lipid content decreased significantly during this period, metabolic water production was insufficient to maintain total body water. rehydration (no food) resulted in increases in body weight and haemolymph volume (sub-normal), and total body water to normality. haemolymph osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations increased during dehydration, but despite a marked decrease in the volume of haemolymph, changes in these parameters were subject to osmoregulatory control. protein concentrations increased during dehydration and decreased during rehydration. rapid rehydration (1 h) is well-controlled: while haemolymph volume increased dramatically, haemolymph osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride were strongly regulated. however, extended rehydration (over 4 days) appears not to be as well managed by physadesmia, with haemolymph osmolality and sodium concentrations decreasing despite no significant change in haemolymph volume from immediate post-rehydration (1 h) values. the potassium and chloride concentrations, however, appeared to be under stricter control during this period. drinking (when fog water is available) probably contributes largely to the total water input of physadesmia, and this together with efficient water conservation must serve to maintain effectively long-term water balance in these insects.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 790, "doi": "10.1038/176657A0", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["individual_benefit"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/176657a0.epdf", "mag_terms": ["mayfly", "swarming", "rhythm", "zoology", "biology", "lunar cycle", "povilla adusta"], "species": ["physadesmia", "insects", "physadesmia globosa"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0375, 0.0125, 0.0125], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304]}, {"paper": "W1995065273", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V70718007"], "venue_names": ["Chaos Solitons & Fractals", "PLOS Computational Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2037284144"], "author_names": ["Ilse Christine Gebeshuber"], "reference_ids": ["W1978990833", "W2029320496", "W2163550091", "W2007363432", "W2021139959", "W83679122", "W574090622", "W1581848821", "W17812254", "W2089207180", "W87310018", "W2020663550", "W2985956097", "W2462959105", "W2043640977", "W2002689980", "W2151834147", "W1534748065", "W2071084533", "W196623511", "W2037976268", "W46219845", "W1497576400", "W1994365529", "W2020135512", "W1990717776", "W2007696954", "W2212618251", "W2035108601", "W2080658977", "W2128306725", "W2161851299", "W602767699", "W2025481300", "W2409606257", "W597132580", "W165910810", "W2064740640", "W2025449195", "W2029715006", "W1967355332", "W1973295469", "W2083265049", "W1988999698", "W1969482084", "W2044172255", "W2064129017", "W182607931", "W2142178277"], "title": "The influence of stochastic behavior on the human threshold of hearing", "abstract": "abstract the inner hair cells in the cochlea perform the crucial task of transforming mechanical sound signals into electrical activity. the cochlear nerve fibers code this information and convey it to the brain for further processing. this study investigates the performance of the system inner hair cell \u2013 primary auditory afferent nerve fibers at the physical limit of the mechano-electrical transduction for the human auditory frequency range. the brownian motion of the hair cell\u2019s receptive organelle, the hair bundle, does not blunt the sensitivity, but in fact enlarges \u2013 especially in frequency regions which are most important for the perception of music and speech \u2013 via the mechanism of nonlinear stochastic resonance (sr) the dynamical range of the mechano-electrical transduction by at least one order of magnitude. the coding efficiency of small sinusoidal hair bundle deflections shows basic properties of the human hearing threshold curve for pure tones and corresponds to experimental results of noise-induced tuning curves in mechano-receptors in the rat foot. furthermore, the model explains how altered coding efficiency contributes to pathological changes in the spiking pattern which arise from morphological changes in the hair bundle structure (e.g., in noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin).", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 791, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PCBI.1002894", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["individual_benefit"], "level3": ["coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.386.8668&rep=rep1&type=pdf", "mag_terms": ["flocking", "flock", "consensus dynamics", "interaction network", "collective animal behavior", "biological network", "collective behavior", "starling", "econometrics", "simulation", "biology"], "species": ["rat"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012987012987012], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2034529422", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V136529485"], "venue_names": ["Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology", "The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature", "Journal of Comparative Physiology A"], "author_ids": ["A2078574845", "A808539045"], "author_names": ["Andre J. Riveros", "Wulfila Gronenberg"], "reference_ids": ["W1984527217", "W2055518497", "W2092289789", "W194922350", "W2097985544", "W105893388", "W2003484989", "W1983605275", "W2024189170", "W2105677964", "W2164744271", "W1990238848", "W102885826", "W1532836182", "W2031101273", "W2050011823", "W2062972543", "W2115055652", "W2150587080", "W2019859115", "W2085040781", "W2069929819", "W3211602214", "W2044431694", "W2091003715", "W2019769289", "W2056875169", "W2110065044", "W2149985947", "W2206353751", "W1581600792", "W2312716733", "W2165364149", "W2050751566", "W2095361125", "W2104598481", "W2169222380", "W1963961534", "W2287127049", "W2062029823", "W3213995057", "W104369079", "W150764390", "W2035506941", "W2328170435", "W2119334340", "W2572784212", "W245706852", "W2103609760", "W624317177", "W1811146493", "W2101831496", "W2126282663", "W1863715486", "W2118264053", "W2221599786", "W80166347", "W2047876218", "W2060107063", "W2325845327", "W3159828952", "W2106547200", "W2154417181", "W1990609863", "W2273833280", "W2280810833", "W2912774887", "W1820458444", "W2039931293", "W2093797487", "W2040347796", "W2169764185", "W2172062401", "W1992109796", "W2134158621"], "title": "Sensory allometry, foraging task specialization and resource exploitation in honeybees", "abstract": "insect societies are important models for evolutionary biology and sociobiology. the complexity of some eusocial insect societies appears to arise from self-organized task allocation and group cohesion. one of the best-supported models explaining self-organized task allocation in social insects is the response threshold model, which predicts specialization due to inter-individual variability in sensitivity to task-associated stimuli. the model explains foraging task specialization among honeybee workers, but the factors underlying the differences in individual sensitivity remain elusive. here, we propose that in honeybees, sensory sensitivity correlates with individual differences in the number of sensory structures, as it does in solitary species. examining european and africanized honeybees, we introduce and test the hypothesis that body size and/or sensory allometry is associated with foraging task preferences and resource exploitation. we focus on common morphological measures and on the size and number of structures associated with olfactory sensitivity. we show that the number of olfactory sensilla is greater in pollen and water foragers, which are known to exhibit higher sensory sensitivity, compared to nectar foragers. these differences are independent of the distribution of size within a colony. our data also suggest that body mass and number of olfactory sensilla correlate with the concentration of nectar gathered by workers, and with the size of pollen loads they carry. we conclude that sensory allometry, but not necessarily body size, is associated with resource exploitation in honeybees and that the differences in number of sensilla may underlie the observed differences in sensitivity between bees specialized on water, pollen and nectar collection.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 792, "doi": "10.1007/S00359-005-0063-8", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_electricity/magnetism", "sense_spatial_awareness/balance/orientation"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00359-005-0063-8", "mag_terms": ["magnetoreception", "electrophysiology", "tritonia", "cilium", "neurite", "neuropeptide", "neuroscience", "paracrine signalling", "biology", "ciliary activity"], "species": ["bee", "honeybee", "insects", "africanized honeybee", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.045454545454545005, 0.034090909090909005, 0.011363636363636001, 0.0, 0.045454545454545005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.7499999999999991, 0.25, 0.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2042451060", "mesh_terms": ["Alternative Splicing", "Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Infrared Rays", "Sensation", "TRPV Cation Channels", "Trigeminal Ganglion", "Alternative Splicing", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Animals", "Cattle", "Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Face", "Face", "Face", "Feeding Behavior", "Feeding Behavior", "HEK293 Cells", "Hot Temperature", "Humans", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Organ Specificity", "Organ Specificity", "Phylogeny", "Predatory Behavior", "Predatory Behavior", "Protein Isoforms", "Protein Isoforms", "Protein Isoforms", "Protein Isoforms", "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "Sensation", "TRPV Cation Channels", "TRPV Cation Channels", "TRPV Cation Channels", "Trigeminal Ganglion"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Nature", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2304223201", "A328326405", "A1975384739", "A1999250062", "A2145418895", "A2036094091", "A1975531261", "A1964576582"], "author_names": ["Elena O. Gracheva", "Julio F. Cordero-Morales", "Jos\u00e9 A. Gonz\u00e1lez-Carcac\u00eda", "Nicholas T. Ingolia", "Carlo Manno", "Carla I. Aranguren", "Jonathan S. Weissman", "David Julius"], "reference_ids": ["W2068032188", "W2146058063", "W2163117298", "W1964856050", "W2014724300", "W2025726757", "W1985830346", "W1995760768", "W2109936378", "W2081894687", "W2030831982", "W2144766007", "W2148165244", "W2132300826", "W2150086233", "W1967271909", "W54691203", "W2036022589", "W2041322673", "W2029993965", "W2127012396", "W2158969371", "W2051254500", "W1656398202", "W2101671848", "W1511198581", "W2014012238", "W2031848382", "W577684253"], "title": "Ganglion-specific splicing of TRPV1 underlies infrared sensation in vampire bats", "abstract": "vampire bats (desmodus rotundus) are obligate blood feeders that have evolved specialized systems to suit their sanguinary lifestyle. chief among such adaptations is the ability to detect infrared radiation as a means of locating hotspots on warm-blooded prey. among vertebrates, only vampire bats, boas, pythons and pit vipers are capable of detecting infrared radiation. in each case, infrared signals are detected by trigeminal nerve fibres that innervate specialized pit organs on the animal's face. thus, vampire bats and snakes have taken thermosensation to the extreme by developing specialized systems for detecting infrared radiation. as such, these creatures provide a window into the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying evolutionary tuning of thermoreceptors in a species-specific or cell-type-specific manner. previously, we have shown that snakes co-opt a non-heat-sensitive channel, vertebrate trpa1 (transient receptor potential cation channel a1), to produce an infrared detector. here we show that vampire bats tune a channel that is already heat-sensitive, trpv1, by lowering its thermal activation threshold to about 30\u2009\u00b0c. this is achieved through alternative splicing of trpv1 transcripts to produce a channel with a truncated carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain. these splicing events occur exclusively in trigeminal ganglia, and not in dorsal root ganglia, thereby maintaining a role for trpv1 as a detector of noxious heat in somatic afferents. this reflects a unique organization of the bat trpv1 gene that we show to be characteristic of laurasiatheria mammals (cows, dogs and moles), supporting a close phylogenetic relationship with bats. these findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism for physiological tuning of thermosensory nerve fibres.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3535012?pdf=render", "petalID": 793, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1147455", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "maintain_biodiversity", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/317/5844/1561?etoc=", "mag_terms": ["ecosystem diversity", "conservation genetics", "genetic diversity", "species diversity", "biodiversity", "genetic variation", "diversity", "coexistence theory", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["dogs", "pit vipers", "snakes", "vertebrates", "desmodus rotundus", "vampire bat", "vipers", "bats", "mammals", "dog", "python", "vampire bats", "boa"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.0, 0.047619047619047006, 0.011904761904761, 0.05952380952380901, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.047619047619047006, 0.011904761904761], "relative_relevancy": [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.8, 0.2]}, + {"paper": "W2042451060", "mesh_terms": ["Alternative Splicing", "Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Infrared Rays", "Sensation", "TRPV Cation Channels", "Trigeminal Ganglion", "Alternative Splicing", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Animals", "Cattle", "Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Face", "Face", "Face", "Feeding Behavior", "Feeding Behavior", "HEK293 Cells", "Hot Temperature", "Humans", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Organ Specificity", "Organ Specificity", "Phylogeny", "Predatory Behavior", "Predatory Behavior", "Protein Isoforms", "Protein Isoforms", "Protein Isoforms", "Protein Isoforms", "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "Sensation", "TRPV Cation Channels", "TRPV Cation Channels", "TRPV Cation Channels", "Trigeminal Ganglion"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Nature", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2304223201", "A328326405", "A1975384739", "A1999250062", "A2145418895", "A2036094091", "A1975531261", "A1964576582"], "author_names": ["Elena O. Gracheva", "Julio F. Cordero-Morales", "Jos\u00e9 A. Gonz\u00e1lez-Carcac\u00eda", "Nicholas T. Ingolia", "Carlo Manno", "Carla I. Aranguren", "Jonathan S. Weissman", "David Julius"], "reference_ids": ["W2068032188", "W2146058063", "W2163117298", "W1964856050", "W2014724300", "W2025726757", "W1985830346", "W1995760768", "W2109936378", "W2081894687", "W2030831982", "W2144766007", "W2148165244", "W2132300826", "W2150086233", "W1967271909", "W54691203", "W2036022589", "W2041322673", "W2029993965", "W2127012396", "W2158969371", "W2051254500", "W1656398202", "W2101671848", "W1511198581", "W2014012238", "W2031848382", "W577684253"], "title": "Ganglion-specific splicing of TRPV1 underlies infrared sensation in vampire bats", "abstract": "vampire bats (desmodus rotundus) are obligate blood feeders that have evolved specialized systems to suit their sanguinary lifestyle. chief among such adaptations is the ability to detect infrared radiation as a means of locating hotspots on warm-blooded prey. among vertebrates, only vampire bats, boas, pythons and pit vipers are capable of detecting infrared radiation. in each case, infrared signals are detected by trigeminal nerve fibres that innervate specialized pit organs on the animal's face. thus, vampire bats and snakes have taken thermosensation to the extreme by developing specialized systems for detecting infrared radiation. as such, these creatures provide a window into the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying evolutionary tuning of thermoreceptors in a species-specific or cell-type-specific manner. previously, we have shown that snakes co-opt a non-heat-sensitive channel, vertebrate trpa1 (transient receptor potential cation channel a1), to produce an infrared detector. here we show that vampire bats tune a channel that is already heat-sensitive, trpv1, by lowering its thermal activation threshold to about 30\u2009\u00b0c. this is achieved through alternative splicing of trpv1 transcripts to produce a channel with a truncated carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain. these splicing events occur exclusively in trigeminal ganglia, and not in dorsal root ganglia, thereby maintaining a role for trpv1 as a detector of noxious heat in somatic afferents. this reflects a unique organization of the bat trpv1 gene that we show to be characteristic of laurasiatheria mammals (cows, dogs and moles), supporting a close phylogenetic relationship with bats. these findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism for physiological tuning of thermosensory nerve fibres.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3535012?pdf=render", "petalID": 793, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1147455", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["compete_within/between_species", "cooperate_within/between_species", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/317/5844/1561?etoc=", "mag_terms": ["ecosystem diversity", "conservation genetics", "genetic diversity", "species diversity", "biodiversity", "genetic variation", "diversity", "coexistence theory", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["dogs", "pit vipers", "snakes", "vertebrates", "desmodus rotundus", "vampire bat", "vipers", "bats", "mammals", "dog", "python", "vampire bats", "boa"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.0, 0.047619047619047006, 0.011904761904761, 0.05952380952380901, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.047619047619047006, 0.011904761904761], "relative_relevancy": [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.8, 0.2]}, {"paper": "W2171397882", "mesh_terms": ["Hindlimb", "Rana esculenta", "Swimming", "Animals", "Belgium", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Hindlimb", "Rana esculenta", "Rheology", "Rheology", "Swimming", "Video Recording", "Water Movements"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2078121156", "A2304858918", "A2113912575"], "author_names": ["Sandra Nauwelaerts", "Eize Stamhuis", "Peter Aerts"], "reference_ids": ["W625437916", "W2112247967", "W2143190064", "W2007553562", "W2096600571", "W2112833614", "W2156210677", "W2147906640", "W2058316351", "W2799209407", "W2029903726", "W2145562030", "W2073467989", "W2148970654", "W2017626220", "W2049590732", "W2347192262", "W2021968816"], "title": "Propulsive force calculations in swimming frogs I. A momentum\u2013impulse approach", "abstract": "summary - frogs are animals that are capable of locomotion in two physically\ndifferent media, aquatic and terrestrial. a comparison of the kinematics of\nswimming frogs in a previous study revealed a difference in propulsive impulse\nbetween jumping and swimming. to explore this difference further, we\ndetermined the instantaneous forces during propulsion in swimming using an\nimpulse\u2013momentum approach based on dpiv flow data. the force profile\nobtained was compared with force profiles obtained from drag\u2013thrust\nequilibrium of the centre of mass and with the force profiles generated during\njumping. the new approach to quantifying the instantaneous forces during\nswimming was tested and proved to be a valid method for determining the\nexternal forces on the feet of swimming frogs. - on the kinematic profiles of swimming, leg extension precedes propulsion.\nthis means that it is not only the acceleration of water backwards that\nprovides thrust, but also that the deceleration of water flowing towards the\nfrog as a result of recovery accelerates the centre of mass prior to leg\nextension. - the force profile obtained from the impulse\u2013momentum approach exposed\nan overestimation of drag by 30% in the drag\u2013thrust calculations. this\nmeans that the difference in impulse between jumping and swimming in frogs is\neven larger than previously stated. the difference between the force profiles,\napart from a slightly higher peak force during jumping, lies mainly in a\ndifference in shape. during swimming, maximal force is reached early in the\nextension phase, 20% into it, while during jumping, peak force is attained at\n80% of the extension phase. this difference is caused by a difference in\ninter-limb coordination.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/8/1435.full.pdf", "petalID": 794, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.201.9.1433", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["process_signals", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["convert_signals", "sense_light_in_the_non-visible_spectrum", "sense_shape_and/or_pattern", "sense_light_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9547323/", "mag_terms": ["oil droplet", "retina", "absorptance", "absorbance", "pigment", "absorption", "wavelength", "starling", "analytical chemistry", "optics", "biology"], "species": ["swimming frogs", "frogs"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.047619047619047006], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2055227193", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V32728137"], "venue_names": ["Chemoecology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A1237225733", "A1717258037", "A2089568163"], "author_names": ["Stefanie F. Geiselhardt", "Sven Geiselhardt", "Klaus Peschke"], "reference_ids": ["W2081060961", "W2082060183", "W2324515356", "W2035218727", "W2057999653", "W2012172959", "W2116381188", "W2151334013", "W2033056752", "W2076296045", "W1583997381", "W2184753965", "W2000101194", "W2088607418", "W2028986477", "W2095215381", "W2338728190", "W2084521561", "W2745750801", "W2108844777", "W2032621787", "W2076067354", "W2117107616", "W2061786073", "W2033048646", "W340067851", "W345428951", "W2028485541", "W2065401610", "W2071853917", "W2118591017", "W1903582322", "W2065427498", "W2071380805", "W2330139794", "W1550251006", "W2000815574", "W2098206021", "W27765579", "W2025572665", "W1967629986", "W2028528511"], "title": "Congruence of epicuticular hydrocarbons and tarsal secretions as a principle in beetles", "abstract": "within beetles, those species that are adapted to life on plants have developed widened tarsi with specialised hairy attachment structures. the capability to adhere to smooth surfaces is based on a liquid film on the surface of these structures, the composition of which is similar to the cuticular lipids. by means of a cluster analysis based on chemical similarities between samples obtained from tarsi or elytra of 35 species using solid phase microextraction, the present study strongly suggests that this chemical congruence is a principle in beetles. this supports the idea of tarsal liquids being part of the cuticular lipid layer and contributes to the understanding of liquid-mediated attachment systems.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 795, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0604972103", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_mechanical_energy", "active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/103/46/17543", "mag_terms": ["meromyosin", "myosin", "muscle contraction", "sarcomere", "actin", "insect flight", "motor protein", "protein filament", "biophysics", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["beetles", "plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.051282051282051, 0.025641025641025002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2143055106", "mesh_terms": ["Bone Remodeling", "Osteoblasts", "Receptors, Notch", "Animals", "Cell Differentiation", "Cell Proliferation", "Humans", "Models, Biological", "Mutation", "Osteoblasts", "Osteoblasts", "Phosphorylation", "Protein Binding", "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "Receptors, Notch", "Signal Transduction"], "venue_ids": ["V155937366"], "venue_names": ["Science Signaling", "Trends in Plant Science", "Plant Physiology", "Biological Reviews"], "author_ids": ["A2143253990"], "author_names": ["Ernesto Canalis"], "reference_ids": ["W1974185766", "W2086059239", "W2015171716", "W2165061154", "W2119962765", "W2050599075", "W1569503463", "W2139785110", "W2095666604", "W2159879792", "W2100111497", "W2125757476", "W2073939360", "W1998190707", "W2098722719", "W2023680421", "W2076220903", "W2127307768", "W1978676774", "W2140299781", "W1992995639", "W1993419851", "W2143381192", "W2092029433", "W2047764073", "W2040475603", "W2044456636", "W1986155425", "W2009951097", "W2131842004", "W1660631781", "W2040942754", "W2123239615", "W2058734213", "W2139936955", "W1971931989", "W1990879144", "W2104495363", "W2045736879"], "title": "Notch signaling in osteoblasts.", "abstract": "bone remodeling is the result of the coordinated activity of osteoblasts, which form new matrix, and osteoclasts, which resorb bone. notch proteins are single-pass transmembrane receptors that determine cell fate. recent gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments reveal a suppressive effect of notch in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in development and in the postnatal bone, which establishes a role for notch signaling in bone remodeling.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 796, "doi": "10.1104/PP.114.3.789", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["sense_touch_and_mechanical_forces", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/114/3/789", "mag_terms": ["gravitropism", "ruthenium red", "stimulation", "egta", "intracellular", "arabidopsis thaliana", "cytoplasm", "arabidopsis", "biophysics", "botany", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2154114211", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V6377669"], "venue_names": ["Soft Matter", "PLOS ONE", "Physiological and Biochemical Zoology"], "author_ids": ["A2051053929", "A2616364714", "A886316223"], "author_names": ["Oliver Lieleg", "Mireille Maria Anna Elisabeth Claessens", "Andreas R. Bausch"], "reference_ids": ["W2033465506", "W2066250961", "W2090426880", "W2091345502", "W2104396594", "W1984315347", "W2063438880", "W2075866529", "W2121915052", "W1964194633", "W2027949267", "W2042025816", "W2112945230", "W1484651565", "W1993523940", "W1994369433", "W2057691135", "W2086565662", "W2087622324", "W2144852916", "W2166443752", "W1989878222", "W2117425975", "W2121858951", "W2171581053", "W2052192720", "W2066262888", "W2091289978", "W2167725949", "W2003841284", "W2016070600", "W2022102699", "W1976751254", "W1989108940", "W2004593278", "W2035629093", "W2092288865", "W1999202491", "W2014983646", "W2069030820", "W2070723383", "W2114623197", "W1991043063", "W2073565635", "W2000649760", "W2054808951", "W2137825287", "W2428836111", "W1997287809", "W2014194778", "W2057167882", "W2119376602", "W2120943652", "W2166245930", "W2008792915", "W2151315634", "W1500690807", "W2169720157", "W2014257498", "W2060082987", "W1985719686", "W1996136060", "W2079339450", "W2162857895", "W2018421387", "W2172132709", "W2040169304", "W2097005666", "W2114587234", "W2058159611", "W1978519636", "W2010955080", "W2118602210", "W2010662569", "W2067440113", "W2121588102", "W2012135526", "W2024552758", "W2123404147", "W1980824787", "W1984741430", "W2030463167", "W2085939052", "W2135977869", "W2030388894", "W2055376777", "W2096624536", "W2126076347", "W2171477032", "W1979050117", "W1986766821", "W2034735979", "W2162371150", "W1975752732", "W2044155530", "W2148947650", "W1845569742", "W2003335108", "W2101030382"], "title": "Structure and dynamics of cross-linked actin networks", "abstract": "the actin cytoskeleton, a network of protein-polymers, is responsible for the mechanical stability of cells. this biopolymer network is also crucial for processes that require spatial and temporal variations in the network structure such as cell migration, division and intracellular transport. the cytoskeleton therefore has to combine structural integrity and mechanical stability with the possibility of fast and efficient network reorganization and restructuring. cells meet this challenge by using proteins to link filamentous actin (f-actin) and construct complex networks. the molecular properties of the cross-linking proteins determine to a large extent the (micro)structure, viscoelastic properties and dynamics of the resulting networks. this review focuses on the structural polymorphism that can be induced by cross-linking proteins in reconstituted f-actin networks and summarizes recent results on how the molecular properties of cross-linking proteins dictate the ensuing viscoelastic properties.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 797, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0051803", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "modify_size/shape/material_properties", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "change_size/shape", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0051803", "mag_terms": ["gekko gecko", "autotomy", "biological adhesion", "gecko", "lizard", "regeneration", "moulting", "evolutionary biology", "anatomy", "biology", "structural integrity"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2054441761", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V43139658"], "venue_names": ["Materials Science and Engineering: C", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "Journal of Biomechanics", "American Zoologist"], "author_ids": ["A2747398070"], "author_names": ["Masayuki Hara"], "reference_ids": ["W1985014916", "W413580289", "W1970023829", "W2028094132", "W1980845598", "W2028112248", "W2047007356", "W2077778652", "W2015173632", "W2070662610", "W2160224853", "W1972737942", "W2067704899", "W2006343597", "W2079498128", "W2091081324", "W2028487503", "W2320125164", "W2048547855", "W2070070088", "W1988280744", "W1995386236", "W2145080446", "W2017850286", "W2010897322", "W2092019850", "W1979975835", "W2086823401", "W2075293910", "W1998260437", "W2015025384", "W2044443173", "W2098011681", "W1989037685", "W2054256853", "W2066604150"], "title": "Application of P450s for biosensing: combination of biotechnology and electrochemistry", "abstract": "abstract p 450-related genes will be useful for medical application and ecological application in the near future.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 798, "doi": "10.2307/3882752", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["passive_movement"], "level3": ["manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3882752?seq=1", "mag_terms": [], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2022158003", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V206811868"], "venue_names": ["Nanotechnology", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A2527798428"], "author_names": ["Markus J. Buehler"], "reference_ids": ["W1980498653", "W2002872734", "W2017963681", "W2914464855", "W576697365", "W1976320200", "W2023108847", "W2065079313", "W2142965380", "W2165815592", "W1496931095", "W1984577233", "W2038260864", "W2041902442", "W2087514098", "W1972190722", "W2057953236", "W2169685756", "W2027199936", "W1985692736", "W2056438456", "W1984333761", "W2121556247", "W2003292237", "W2150238384", "W2001741437", "W2020641822", "W1972117966", "W2049361589", "W2078243622", "W2090867212", "W2043002857", "W1965677499", "W1984731533", "W1994669017", "W1645361893", "W2166954624", "W2040957028", "W2076352514", "W2020123099", "W2067008350", "W2069422098", "W2077880063", "W2134208433", "W1851164646", "W2027408247", "W2130971715", "W2050540910", "W1980119297", "W2019465613", "W2045398278", "W2105748479", "W2106992345", "W1969293769", "W2039772156", "W2134172796", "W1556186925", "W2020902199", "W2062213422", "W2141520005", "W2150981663", "W1976499671", "W2055076161", "W2065052905", "W2001902689", "W2031622778", "W2122171697", "W2005739967", "W2035081644", "W2080420443", "W2111633287", "W2117729857", "W2146132963", "W2159139672", "W1934792747", "W1975787260", "W2035949567"], "title": "Molecular nanomechanics of nascent bone: fibrillar toughening by mineralization", "abstract": "mineralized collagen fibrils are highly conserved nanostructural building blocks of bone. by a combination of molecular dynamics simulation and theoretical analysis it is shown that the characteristic nanostructure of mineralized collagen fibrils is vital for its high strength and its ability to sustain large deformation, as is relevant to the physiological role of bone, creating a strong and tough material. an analysis of the molecular mechanisms of protein and mineral phases under large deformation of mineralized collagen fibrils reveals a fibrillar toughening mechanism that leads to a manifold increase of energy dissipation compared to fibrils without mineral phase. this fibrillar toughening mechanism increases the resistance to fracture by forming large local yield regions around crack-like defects, a mechanism that protects the integrity of the entire structure by allowing for localized failure. as a consequence, mineralized collagen fibrils are able to tolerate microcracks of the order of several hundred micrometres in size without causing any macroscopic failure of the tissue, which may be essential to enable bone remodelling. the analysis proves that adding nanoscopic small platelets to collagen fibrils increases their young's modulus and yield strength as well as their fracture strength. we find that mineralized collagen fibrils have a young's modulus of 6.23 gpa (versus 4.59 gpa for the collagen fibril), yield at a tensile strain of 6.7% (versus 5% for the collagen fibril) and feature a fracture stress of 0.6 gpa (versus 0.3 gpa for the collagen fibril).", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 799, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2011.1840", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.1840", "mag_terms": ["reproductive success", "population", "lek mating", "cooperative breeding", "chiroxiphia", "sexual selection", "longevity", "social status", "demography", "biology", "ecology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2022158003", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V206811868"], "venue_names": ["Nanotechnology", "The Auk", "American Naturalist", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Animal Ecology", "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A2527798428"], "author_names": ["Markus J. Buehler"], "reference_ids": ["W1980498653", "W2002872734", "W2017963681", "W2914464855", "W576697365", "W1976320200", "W2023108847", "W2065079313", "W2142965380", "W2165815592", "W1496931095", "W1984577233", "W2038260864", "W2041902442", "W2087514098", "W1972190722", "W2057953236", "W2169685756", "W2027199936", "W1985692736", "W2056438456", "W1984333761", "W2121556247", "W2003292237", "W2150238384", "W2001741437", "W2020641822", "W1972117966", "W2049361589", "W2078243622", "W2090867212", "W2043002857", "W1965677499", "W1984731533", "W1994669017", "W1645361893", "W2166954624", "W2040957028", "W2076352514", "W2020123099", "W2067008350", "W2069422098", "W2077880063", "W2134208433", "W1851164646", "W2027408247", "W2130971715", "W2050540910", "W1980119297", "W2019465613", "W2045398278", "W2105748479", "W2106992345", "W1969293769", "W2039772156", "W2134172796", "W1556186925", "W2020902199", "W2062213422", "W2141520005", "W2150981663", "W1976499671", "W2055076161", "W2065052905", "W2001902689", "W2031622778", "W2122171697", "W2005739967", "W2035081644", "W2080420443", "W2111633287", "W2117729857", "W2146132963", "W2159139672", "W1934792747", "W1975787260", "W2035949567"], "title": "Molecular nanomechanics of nascent bone: fibrillar toughening by mineralization", "abstract": "mineralized collagen fibrils are highly conserved nanostructural building blocks of bone. by a combination of molecular dynamics simulation and theoretical analysis it is shown that the characteristic nanostructure of mineralized collagen fibrils is vital for its high strength and its ability to sustain large deformation, as is relevant to the physiological role of bone, creating a strong and tough material. an analysis of the molecular mechanisms of protein and mineral phases under large deformation of mineralized collagen fibrils reveals a fibrillar toughening mechanism that leads to a manifold increase of energy dissipation compared to fibrils without mineral phase. this fibrillar toughening mechanism increases the resistance to fracture by forming large local yield regions around crack-like defects, a mechanism that protects the integrity of the entire structure by allowing for localized failure. as a consequence, mineralized collagen fibrils are able to tolerate microcracks of the order of several hundred micrometres in size without causing any macroscopic failure of the tissue, which may be essential to enable bone remodelling. the analysis proves that adding nanoscopic small platelets to collagen fibrils increases their young's modulus and yield strength as well as their fracture strength. we find that mineralized collagen fibrils have a young's modulus of 6.23 gpa (versus 4.59 gpa for the collagen fibril), yield at a tensile strain of 6.7% (versus 5% for the collagen fibril) and feature a fracture stress of 0.6 gpa (versus 0.3 gpa for the collagen fibril).", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 799, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2011.1840", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.1840", "mag_terms": ["reproductive success", "population", "lek mating", "cooperative breeding", "chiroxiphia", "sexual selection", "longevity", "social status", "demography", "biology", "ecology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W95075023", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": [""], "venue_names": [null, "Animal Behaviour"], "author_ids": ["A2460544679"], "author_names": ["M. A. R. Koehl"], "reference_ids": ["W1553471132", "W2327985560", "W2083786578", "W2477575740", "W2149360687", "W1909461876", "W1560068742", "W1602346051", "W2399872408", "W1974072473"], "title": "Mechanical Design in Sea Anemones", "abstract": "by applying principles of fluid and solid mechanics to biological structures, i have studied the morphological adaptations of two species of sea anemones to the mechanical activities they perform and the environmental forces they encounter. the two species of anemones i used represent different extremes in mechanical behavior: metridium senile, a calm-water species noted for the great range of shapes and sizes it can assume (batham and pantin, 1950), and anthopleura xanthogrammica, a species occurring in areas exposed to extreme wave action (hand, 1956; dayton, 1971). i chose anemones because they are simple in structure, thus differences in morphology and function between species are easier to recognize and characterize than they would be for more complex animals.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 800, "doi": "10.1016/J.ANBEHAV.2011.02.030", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["individual_benefit"], "level3": ["coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347211000960?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["foraging", "displacement", "social psychology", "psychology", "animal groups", "day to day", "potential source"], "species": ["sea anemones", "anthopleura xanthogrammica", "metridium senile"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.026315789473684, 0.026315789473684, 0.026315789473684], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1973071749", "mesh_terms": ["Annelida", "Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase", "Animals", "Annelida", "Oceans and Seas", "Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase"], "venue_ids": ["V125651130"], "venue_names": ["Matrix Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2493331833", "A720423187", "A2030613959", "A2700709363"], "author_names": ["Gunhild Kaule", "Rupert Timpl", "Fran\u00e7oise Gaill", "Volkmar G\u00fcnzler"], "reference_ids": ["W1976015580", "W2026857452", "W1564792906", "W2067227865", "W2946485412", "W1968217247", "W2055830465", "W4741964", "W1575957636", "W1496496869", "W1556325488", "W2166141217", "W1464621722", "W2157485550", "W2083942126", "W2011456642", "W2076541052", "W1480950346", "W1517438784", "W2013872785", "W2076464105", "W2014807848", "W1566677353"], "title": "Prolyl hydroxylase activity in tissue homogenates of annelids from deep sea hydrothermal vents", "abstract": "tissue homogenates of the deep sea annelids alvinella caudata and alvinella pompejana were found to contain enzyme activity resembling vertebrate prolyl 4-hydroxylase. the release of 3h2o from [3,4-(3)h]proline labeled, under-hydroxylated chicken protocollagen type i depended on the presence of the cofactors 2-oxoglutarate, ascorbate, fe2+ and o2. the release of 3h2o could be inhibited by the prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitors zinc, 2,2'-dipyridyl, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate, as well as by the synthetic peptide (pro-pro-gly)10. this synthetic peptide could also serve as substrate, because it enhanced the decarboxylation of 2-oxo[5-(14)c]glutarate. alvinella prolyl hydroxylase appeared to be related to type ii vertebrate enzyme because of its lack of affinity for poly (l-proline) and resistance to inactivation by an irreversible peptide inhibitor of chicken prolyl 4-hydroxylase. maximal enzyme activity was observed in solutions with less than 10% oxygen saturation. by contrast, chicken enzyme was most active at saturating oxygen concentrations. further data suggest that the alvinella enzymes are able to accept the 2-oxo acids pyruvate, oxaloacetate and 2-oxoadipinate as substitutes of the cosubstarate 2-oxoglutarate. the data explain the high hydroxylation of alvinella collagens despite the low oxygen concentrations around hydrothermal vents.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 801, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.201.22.3057", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_buckling"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9787125/", "mag_terms": ["ultimate tensile strength", "flight feather", "bending", "feather", "strain", "strain gauge", "stress", "flexural rigidity", "composite material", "materials science"], "species": ["alvinella caudata", "alvinella pompejana", "chicken"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014925373134328, 0.014925373134328, 0.044776119402985], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2123759872", "mesh_terms": ["Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena", "Bees", "Dietary Proteins", "Immunocompetence", "Analysis of Variance", "Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena", "Animals", "Bees", "Dietary Proteins", "Fat Body", "Fat Body", "France", "Glucose Oxidase", "Glucose Oxidase", "Hemocytes", "Hemocytes", "Immunocompetence", "Monophenol Monooxygenase", "Monophenol Monooxygenase", "Pollen", "Pollen"], "venue_ids": ["V153317304"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Biology Letters", "Applied Physics Letters", "Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology", "Langmuir", "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science"], "author_ids": ["A2573338525", "A2176303078", "A79965584", "A99365769"], "author_names": ["C\u00e9dric Alaux", "Fran\u00e7ois Ducloz", "Didier Crauser", "Yves Le Conte"], "reference_ids": ["W2035676472", "W2011814478", "W37008024", "W2016399929", "W1516934558", "W2147188333", "W2092285264", "W2009256992", "W1976478824", "W2049340228", "W2065840967", "W2139822044", "W2105260983", "W2130133091", "W2009880880", "W2131953464", "W2037259497", "W2072263901", "W2329814931", "W2164785005"], "title": "Diet effects on honeybee immunocompetence", "abstract": "the maintenance of the immune system can be costly, and a lack of dietary protein can increase the susceptibility of organisms to disease. however, few studies have investigated the relationship between protein nutrition and immunity in insects. here, we tested in honeybees (apis mellifera) whether dietary protein quantity (monofloral pollen) and diet diversity (polyfloral pollen) can shape baseline immunocompetence (ic) by measuring parameters of individual immunity (haemocyte concentration, fat body content and phenoloxidase activity) and glucose oxidase (gox) activity, which enables bees to sterilize colony and brood food, as a parameter of social immunity. protein feeding modified both individual and social ic but increases in dietary protein quantity did not enhance ic. however, diet diversity increased ic levels. in particular, polyfloral diets induced higher gox activity compared with monofloral diets, including protein-richer diets. these results suggest a link between protein nutrition and immunity in honeybees and underscore the critical role of resource availability on pollinator health.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2936196?pdf=render", "petalID": 802, "doi": "10.1021/LA061622M", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la061622m", "mag_terms": ["contact angle", "wetting", "polyvinylidene fluoride", "polymer", "composite material", "materials science", "nanotechnology", "metal"], "species": ["bee", "honeybee", "insects", "apis mellifera", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.050847457627118, 0.033898305084745, 0.016949152542372, 0.0, 0.050847457627118], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.6666666666666661, 0.33333333333333304, 0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2018499882", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V109682412"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Theoretical Biology", "How Life Learned to Live: Adaptation in Nature", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2692469862", "A2312207019"], "author_names": ["K. Schulgasser", "Allan Witztum"], "reference_ids": ["W2070665735", "W2022127587", "W2052030145", "W759574472", "W2094817660", "W2054701964", "W2093527827", "W2039221543", "W2100951173", "W2070612477", "W2020350513", "W3026166981", "W2072607096", "W2473527071", "W2073704760", "W2091291138", "W1556630369", "W1518183744", "W2288187684", "W3103067199", "W1491891466", "W2128955266", "W1520891405", "W1560068742", "W2090689077", "W2070437283"], "title": "On the strength, stiffness and stability of tubular plant stems and leaves", "abstract": "thin walled tubes of circular cross-section are efficient structural elements and thus, as would be expected, are not uncommon in plants, especially those which belong to the monocotyledonae. traditional analyses of the strength of these tubular members utilize formulae which were developed for isotropic materials. the present paper deals with the great influence of the high elastic anisotropy of the plant tissue on the mechanical behavior of such tubular stems and leaves in bending. it will be seen that under these circumstances the propensity of the tube to fail due to non-linear effects (deformation of the cross-section) is greatly increased.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 803, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.203.23.3585", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["passive_movement"], "level3": ["manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/203/23/3585/8624/Function-of-the-heterocercal-tail-in-white", "mag_terms": ["vortex ring", "reaction", "vortex", "vertical direction", "total body length", "jet", "particle image velocimetry", "flow visualization", "mechanics", "optics", "physics"], "species": ["plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.037037037037037], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2173264300", "mesh_terms": ["Biological Evolution", "Orchidaceae", "Pollination", "Animals", "Insecta", "Insecta", "Male", "Orchidaceae", "Orchidaceae", "Pollination", "Reproduction"], "venue_ids": ["V122176235"], "venue_names": ["The American Naturalist", "The Journal of Ecology", "Agroforestry Systems"], "author_ids": ["A2303056382", "A2141184130", "A2152384951", "A31146891"], "author_names": ["Giovanni Scopece", "Salvatore Cozzolino", "Steven D. Johnson", "Florian P. Schiestl"], "reference_ids": ["W2015512215", "W2128086857", "W2155002628", "W2117466042", "W1812164633", "W1978539157", "W2146930176", "W1991373834", "W2132750799", "W2000259947", "W2142505286", "W2013105421", "W2159870718", "W1987184460", "W2167379626", "W1538792737", "W2126569687", "W2323445530", "W2137244930", "W2044529730", "W2078699921", "W2104098776", "W2142567867", "W1981139674", "W2100007983", "W2117766354", "W2145372695", "W2293345131", "W2314740293", "W1633465149", "W1990137694", "W2100790017", "W2168583825", "W1542262589", "W2013410948", "W1841247049", "W2020807645", "W2069087084", "W1983180895", "W2062058022", "W1523952556", "W2116519309", "W1507313208", "W2001456548", "W2161615238", "W2320050747"], "title": "Pollination efficiency and the evolution of specialized deceptive pollination systems.", "abstract": "the ultimate causes of evolution of highly specialized pollination systems are little understood. we investigated the relationship between specialization and pollination efficiency, defined as the proportion of pollinated flowers relative to those that experienced pollen removal, using orchids with different pollination strategies as a model system. rewarding orchids showed the highest pollination efficiency. sexually deceptive orchids had comparably high pollination efficiency, but food-deceptive orchids had significantly lower efficiency. values for pollinator sharing (a measure of the degree of generalization in pollination systems) showed the reverse pattern, in that groups with high pollination efficiency had low values of pollinator sharing. low pollinator sharing may thus be the basis for efficient pollination. population genetic data indicated that both food- and sexually deceptive species have higher degrees of among-population gene flow than do rewarding orchids. thus, the shift from food to sexual deception may be driven by selection for more efficient pollination, without compromising the high levels of gene flow that are characteristic of deceptive species.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/26863/1/Scopece_Am_nat_2010_V.pdf", "petalID": 804, "doi": "10.1023/A:1006243032538", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1006243032538", "mag_terms": ["understory", "interception", "microclimate", "patch dynamics", "tropics", "ecological succession", "water use", "transpiration", "agroforestry", "agronomy", "environmental science"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2173264300", "mesh_terms": ["Biological Evolution", "Orchidaceae", "Pollination", "Animals", "Insecta", "Insecta", "Male", "Orchidaceae", "Orchidaceae", "Pollination", "Reproduction"], "venue_ids": ["V122176235"], "venue_names": ["The American Naturalist", "The Journal of Ecology", "Agroforestry Systems"], "author_ids": ["A2303056382", "A2141184130", "A2152384951", "A31146891"], "author_names": ["Giovanni Scopece", "Salvatore Cozzolino", "Steven D. Johnson", "Florian P. Schiestl"], "reference_ids": ["W2015512215", "W2128086857", "W2155002628", "W2117466042", "W1812164633", "W1978539157", "W2146930176", "W1991373834", "W2132750799", "W2000259947", "W2142505286", "W2013105421", "W2159870718", "W1987184460", "W2167379626", "W1538792737", "W2126569687", "W2323445530", "W2137244930", "W2044529730", "W2078699921", "W2104098776", "W2142567867", "W1981139674", "W2100007983", "W2117766354", "W2145372695", "W2293345131", "W2314740293", "W1633465149", "W1990137694", "W2100790017", "W2168583825", "W1542262589", "W2013410948", "W1841247049", "W2020807645", "W2069087084", "W1983180895", "W2062058022", "W1523952556", "W2116519309", "W1507313208", "W2001456548", "W2161615238", "W2320050747"], "title": "Pollination efficiency and the evolution of specialized deceptive pollination systems.", "abstract": "the ultimate causes of evolution of highly specialized pollination systems are little understood. we investigated the relationship between specialization and pollination efficiency, defined as the proportion of pollinated flowers relative to those that experienced pollen removal, using orchids with different pollination strategies as a model system. rewarding orchids showed the highest pollination efficiency. sexually deceptive orchids had comparably high pollination efficiency, but food-deceptive orchids had significantly lower efficiency. values for pollinator sharing (a measure of the degree of generalization in pollination systems) showed the reverse pattern, in that groups with high pollination efficiency had low values of pollinator sharing. low pollinator sharing may thus be the basis for efficient pollination. population genetic data indicated that both food- and sexually deceptive species have higher degrees of among-population gene flow than do rewarding orchids. thus, the shift from food to sexual deception may be driven by selection for more efficient pollination, without compromising the high levels of gene flow that are characteristic of deceptive species.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/26863/1/Scopece_Am_nat_2010_V.pdf", "petalID": 804, "doi": "10.1023/A:1006243032538", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["manage_environmental_disturbances", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1006243032538", "mag_terms": ["understory", "interception", "microclimate", "patch dynamics", "tropics", "ecological succession", "water use", "transpiration", "agroforestry", "agronomy", "environmental science"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2143662001", "mesh_terms": ["Asparagus Plant", "Coleoptera", "Animals", "Asparagus Plant", "Asparagus Plant", "Cell Adhesion", "Cell Adhesion", "Coleoptera", "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "Larva", "Larva", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Transducers"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Microporous and Mesoporous Materials", "Annual Review of Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2430917038", "A2160081516"], "author_names": ["Dagmar Voigt", "Stanislav N. Gorb"], "reference_ids": ["W2036217769", "W2067030764", "W2045959325", "W2061839460", "W2069920210", "W1977450032", "W2159002873", "W2333837769", "W2044067696", "W1864577166", "W2014947632", "W564422246", "W3023642504", "W2044584608", "W2072162734", "W2082558644", "W2031991022", "W1971403089", "W1999007143", "W1999637941", "W2168673246", "W2082379695", "W2099431020", "W2150409167", "W1499121058", "W3011065547", "W1540326140", "W1619640521", "W1982438118", "W2114531730", "W2133777675", "W1535007702", "W2516413667", "W2053625986", "W2092354877", "W2066247148", "W2224414537", "W624799060", "W2317675714", "W1670765730", "W2031450215", "W2071066666", "W2592058975", "W1973028704", "W2142233620", "W3129990312", "W2118166595"], "title": "Egg attachment of the asparagus beetle Crioceris asparagi to the crystalline waxy surface of Asparagus officinalis.", "abstract": "plant surfaces covered with crystalline epicuticular waxes are known to be anti-adhesive, hardly wettable and preventing insect attachment. but there are insects that are capable of gluing their eggs to these surfaces by means of proteinaceous secretions. in this study, we analysed the bonding region between the eggs of crioceris asparagi and the plant surface of asparagus officinalis using light and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. the wettability of the plant surface by egg secretion was compared with that by aqua millipore water, aqueous sugar solution and chicken egg white. furthermore, the force required to remove c. asparagi eggs from the plant surface was measured, in order to evaluate the egg's bonding strength. mean pull-off force was 14.7 mn, which is about 8650 times higher than the egg weight. egg glue was observed spreading over the wax crystal arrays on the plant cladophyll and wetting them. similar wetting behaviour on the a. officinalis surface was observed for chicken egg white. our results support the hypothesis that the mechanism of insect egg adhesion on micro- and nanostructured hydrophobic plant surfaces is related to the proteinaceous nature of adhesive secretions of insect eggs. the secretion wets superhydrophobic surfaces and after solidifying builds up a composite, consisting of the solidified glue and wax crystals, at the interface between the egg and plant cuticle.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2842725?pdf=render", "petalID": 805, "doi": "10.1038/NRMICRO.2018.10", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy", "chemically_break_down", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["chemically_break_down_organic_compounds", "capture_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2018.10", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["asparagus officinalis", "chicken", "crioceris", "crioceris asparagi", "insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.024691358024691003, 0.012345679012345002, 0.012345679012345002, 0.012345679012345002], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2033006287", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V187023669"], "venue_names": ["Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A3104170063"], "author_names": ["Robbin W Thorp"], "reference_ids": ["W1985037262", "W2036763287", "W2312609466", "W2315531249", "W1990540830", "W1997350809", "W2326361898", "W2333929040", "W2473818084", "W2019266898", "W2023789955", "W1981139674", "W172114413", "W2024487507", "W2314845761", "W2046840825", "W3091996360", "W1839289991", "W2502894360", "W386130638", "W2317429484", "W2314740293", "W2010318074", "W2126790390", "W1535028429", "W2329764996", "W2013105421", "W2035195701", "W1970239886", "W2322197150", "W3183153280", "W2079377575", "W2090824218", "W2094799021", "W2782856996", "W3213779432", "W2011397709", "W2989243010", "W1550868843", "W1964212189", "W2052355948", "W2064844377", "W2326170225", "W2499200716", "W2731698664", "W2948321675", "W1976685333", "W2087197588", "W2472095821", "W1973353252", "W1131383896", "W2088639151", "W2298966434", "W2068362236", "W2329687610", "W2832443394", "W1971657055", "W601490090", "W2092349770", "W2034525784", "W2140240575", "W2991340893", "W3121405609"], "title": "STRUCTURAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS OF BEES (APOIDEA) FOR COLLECTING POLLEN'", "abstract": "bees, like their wasp relatives, forage for and transport food to a nest as provisions for their offspring. unlike female sphecoidea which transport arthropods one at a time as prey, bees transport pollen requiring specialized scopal (brush) or corbicular (fringed plate) structures to transport the dustlike material externally. scopae often exhibit further modifications in density and amount of plumosity in relation to the size and ornamentation of the pollen grains they transport. bees also differ from sphecid wasps by possessing branched body hairs that are relatively densely packed. these hairs, the electrostatic surface potential, and specialized hair groups for extraction of hidden pollen are important in the acquisition of pollen from flowers. structures for grooming (brushes, combs, and scrapers) and grooming behavior patterns are modified to permit manipulation and packing of pollen in the specialized transport structures. the addition of nectar, so that pollen is packed moist, is a behavior that permits the carrying of pollen of a great variety of sizes and ornamentations in relatively simplified scopae or in corbiculae. the addition of oils to the diet of some bees has resulted in a modified type of scopal structure that has a wooly area basally and stiff guard hairs extending distally and that can transport a mixture of oil and pollen. special hairs on the fore and mid basitarsi and teeth of hind tibial spurs are modified as oil scraper and manipulation structures. the use of corbiculae in apidae to transport nesting materials and the hind tibiae in male orchid bees (euglossini: apidae) for transporting aromatic compounds involves behavior patterns similar to those for pollen transport in grooming, manipulating, and packing the materials. other behavioral and physiological adaptations important in the location and acquisition of pollen by bees include individual constancy, oligolecty, seasonal synchrony, preimaginal conditioning, daily synchrony, buzz pollination, and other responses to specific modes of pollen presentation. most of the behavioral patterns involve learning. they may be modified by extrinsic factors, and they may modify intrinsic structural and physiological characters.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/1765", "petalID": 806, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0409574102", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "sustain_ecological_community", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy", "individual_benefit"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/102/7/2555.full", "mag_terms": ["ecosystem", "geothermal gradient", "dominance", "bioenergetics", "archaea", "national park", "aquificae", "hydrogen", "earth science", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["euglossini", "bee", "orchid bees", "apidae", "wasps", "arthropods", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.008, 0.048, 0.008, 0.016, 0.008, 0.008, 0.04], "relative_relevancy": [0.16666666666666602, 1.0, 0.16666666666666602, 0.33333333333333304, 0.16666666666666602, 0.16666666666666602, 0.833333333333333]}, {"paper": "W2070489580", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V166184565"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Ethology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A157076237", "A1996649591", "A2799206491", "A316139066"], "author_names": ["Rodrigo Hirata Willemart", "Roger D. Santer", "Andrew J. Spence", "Eileen A. Hebets"], "reference_ids": ["W2149684723", "W2035218727", "W2031965162", "W2056687727", "W2498282662", "W2168114966", "W629337452", "W2154043157", "W2095725814", "W2110972814"], "title": "A sticky situation: Solifugids (Arachnida, Solifugae) use adhesive organs on their pedipalps for prey capture", "abstract": "solifugids (arachnida, solifugae) have unique evertable adhesive organs on the tips of their pedipalps, named \u2018suctorial\u2019 or \u2018palpal\u2019 organs. previous studies have shown that these organs enable solifugids to climb smooth glass-like surfaces and have hypothesized that these structures facilitate prey capture. here, we use high-speed videography to demonstrate that the suctorial organs of eremochelis bilobatus are its primary means of capturing insect prey. we also present calculations of the adhesive pressure exerted by these suctorial organs during real prey capture events.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1039&context=bioscihebets", "petalID": 807, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.035550", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "attach"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "attach_temporarily"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/5/673", "mag_terms": ["proboscis", "conus catus", "conus pennaceus", "cone snail", "conus", "constriction", "venom", "predation", "zoology", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["solifugae", "eremochelis bilobatus", "arachnida"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.038461538461538006, 0.038461538461538006, 0.038461538461538006], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -828,9 +828,9 @@ {"paper": "W2125792150", "mesh_terms": ["Artificial Organs", "Biomimetic Materials", "Electrodes", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Nanotubes, Carbon", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Bionics", "Electric Power Supplies", "Electrochemistry", "Hydrogen", "Hydrogen", "Lifting", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Robotics", "Stress, Mechanical"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "Journal of Theoretical Biology"], "author_ids": ["A1006092580", "A2425068668", "A2073479986", "A2519857453", "A2102153872", "A2432730016", "A1440593771", "A2397962710", "A2114285374", "A2092915561", "A2154752556"], "author_names": ["Von Howard Ebron", "Zhiwei Yang", "Daniel J. Seyer", "Mikhail E. Kozlov", "Jiyoung Oh", "Hui Xie", "Joselito M. Razal", "Lee J. Hall", "John P. Ferraris", "Alan G. MacDiarmid", "Ray H. Baughman"], "reference_ids": ["W2089793819", "W2119715237", "W2008765100", "W2004987535", "W1973634790", "W2093971850", "W2094963548", "W1981696091", "W2049961345", "W2143167829", "W1545301666", "W1480848562", "W2069079436", "W2154866766", "W2055276987", "W2068125126", "W2022271377", "W2101058978", "W1991955826", "W2005980434"], "title": "Fuel-powered artificial muscles", "abstract": "artificial muscles and electric motors found in autonomous robots and prosthetic limbs are typically battery-powered, which severely restricts the duration of their performance and can necessitate long inactivity during battery recharge. to help solve these problems, we demonstrated two types of artificial muscles that convert the chemical energy of high-energy-density fuels to mechanical energy. the first type stores electrical charge and uses changes in stored charge for mechanical actuation. in contrast with electrically powered electrochemical muscles, only half of the actuator cycle is electrochemical. the second type of fuel-powered muscle provides a demonstrated actuator stroke and power density comparable to those of natural skeletal muscle and generated stresses that are over a hundred times higher.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 826, "doi": "10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80632-0", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_buckling"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022519305806320?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["deformation", "stiffness", "bending", "isotropy", "tube", "composite material", "materials science", "botany", "elastic anisotropy", "plant tissue", "thin walled"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2596822322", "mesh_terms": ["Acclimatization", "Dehydration", "Enzymes", "Intrinsically Disordered Proteins", "Tardigrada", "Animals", "Dehydration", "Dehydration", "Desiccation", "Enzyme Stability", "Enzymes", "Escherichia coli", "Escherichia coli", "Escherichia coli", "Intrinsically Disordered Proteins", "Intrinsically Disordered Proteins", "Intrinsically Disordered Proteins", "Protein Conformation", "RNA Interference", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Tardigrada", "Tardigrada", "Up-Regulation", "Vitrification"], "venue_ids": ["V156208185"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Molecular Cell", "American Naturalist"], "author_ids": ["A2198567137", "A2165526989", "A1989102834", "A2521320657", "A2118759802", "A2137521677", "A2077559806", "A172447211", "A2768766853", "A2141148080"], "author_names": ["Thomas C. Boothby", "Hugo Tapia", "Alexandra H. Brozena", "Samantha Piszkiewicz", "Austin E. Smith", "Ilaria Giovannini", "Lorena Rebecchi", "Gary J. Pielak", "Dough Koshland", "Bob Goldstein"], "reference_ids": ["W2019706321", "W2101786683", "W2178845774", "W2323551623", "W1987984651", "W2142733645", "W2141249632", "W2162787473", "W1986548924", "W2011657487", "W2020697796", "W2014213512", "W2116967350", "W2163270621", "W2062972508", "W2081188860", "W2219208709", "W2335429725", "W2306772473", "W1964745114", "W2319549688", "W1895790138", "W2441322691", "W1981537873", "W2081744992", "W2101196698", "W2102025585", "W1510998615", "W1545462020", "W2417836216", "W1548566755", "W2052177037", "W2102898524", "W2151811187", "W2167030787", "W1999574084", "W2015520177", "W2253387945", "W3164381584", "W2054762266", "W2126303237", "W2168639701", "W2041134571", "W2042797452", "W2106833037", "W2169696545", "W1995983383", "W1994512815", "W2073232799", "W2057567541", "W2283570988", "W1570599752", "W2006028725", "W2114320763", "W2005375473", "W2052087333", "W2114104545", "W2372353813"], "title": "Tardigrades Use Intrinsically Disordered Proteins to Survive Desiccation", "abstract": "tardigrades are microscopic animals that survive a remarkable array of stresses, including desiccation. how tardigrades survive desiccation has remained a mystery for more than 250 years. trehalose, a disaccharide essential for several organisms to survive drying, is detected at low levels or not at all in some tardigrade species, indicating that tardigrades possess potentially novel mechanisms for surviving desiccation. here we show that tardigrade-specific intrinsically disordered proteins (tdps) are essential for desiccation tolerance. tdp genes are constitutively expressed at high levels or induced during desiccation in multiple tardigrade species. tdps are required for tardigrade desiccation tolerance, and these genes are sufficient to increase desiccation tolerance when expressed in heterologous systems. tdps form non-crystalline amorphous solids (vitrify) upon desiccation, and this vitrified state mirrors their protective capabilities. our study identifies tdps as functional mediators of tardigrade desiccation tolerance, expanding our knowledge of the roles and diversity of disordered proteins involved in stress tolerance.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.cell.com/article/S1097276517301338/pdf", "petalID": 827, "doi": "10.1086/648555", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["send_signals", "distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["distribute_solids", "send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum", "send_chemical_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/648555", "mag_terms": ["zoophily", "open pollination", "pollination", "pollinator", "pollinium", "population", "population genetics", "pollen", "biology", "ecology"], "species": ["tardigrades"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.019607843137254003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2057921339", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V35917800"], "venue_names": ["Ecology", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A2133676601"], "author_names": ["Henry F. Howe"], "reference_ids": ["W1971621848", "W1989481748", "W2086235116", "W2327207849", "W1593906648", "W1828427163", "W2106029969", "W1994811904", "W1990425857", "W2171299208", "W2318172350", "W3213444122", "W3023996888", "W2012633965", "W2026412915", "W2057450151", "W1979665911", "W2330203191", "W2034727354", "W2318127223", "W2059041259", "W2802362091", "W1999093523", "W2026214848", "W2056645143", "W2079244728", "W2172604121", "W1994270476", "W2093289928", "W2797345773"], "title": "BIRD ACTIVITY AND SEED DISPERSAL OF A TROPICAL WET FOREST TREE", "abstract": "feeding assemblages of birds were observed throughout a fruiting season at a costa rican population of the rain forest tree casearia corymbosa in order to distinguish effective dispersal agents from visitors which used arils for food without dispersing seeds. this system is of special interest because the tree fruits during an annual period of fruit scarcity in a forest characterized by high proportions of animal-dispersed plants and obligate frugivores. results show that the masked tityra (tityra semifasciata) is an effective dispersal agent of seeds of this tree because it: (1) regurgitates viable seeds, (2) is a common and regular visitor throughout the season, (3) has high feeding rates, (4) removes seeds from the vicinity of the parent tree before processing them, and (5) depends on this rather than other plants fruiting at the same time. twenty-one other visitors were deficient dispersers, although some depended heavily on fruit of this tree for food. two parrots (amazona autumnalis and amazona farinosa) preclude dispersal by strip- ping arils with their bills and dropping all seeds in situ. fourteen species are occasional visitors. five visitors (ramphastos sulfuratus, ramphastos swainsonii, pteroglossus torquatus, myiozetetes similis, and myiozetetes granadensis) process seeds undamaged and are sometimes numerically abun- dant, but are absent part of the season and tend to regurgitate seeds in situ. because fruiting activity of this tree occurs during annual scarcity, it represents a pivotal species in the community. three obligate frugivores, including one effective disperser and two fruit thieves, depend almost entirely on it for food for periods of 2-6 wk. i hypothesize that extinction of this plant at this site would lead to disappearance of these birds, and would almost certainly depress recruitment of other species of trees for which they serve as dispersal agents at other times of the year.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 828, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2009.1706", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_permanently"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2009.1706", "mag_terms": ["egg white", "plant cuticle", "asparagus", "wax", "wetting", "adhesion", "asparagus beetle", "adhesive", "food science", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["bird", "amazona farinosa", "myiozetetes similis", "pteroglossus torquatus", "tityra", "tityra semifasciata", "parrot", "parrots", "ramphastos swainsonii", "casearia corymbosa", "birds", "plants", "ramphastos", "myiozetetes", "ramphastos sulfuratus", "amazona autumnalis", "masked tityra", "pteroglossus", "myiozetetes granadensis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.019230769230769003, 0.0, 0.0, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.019230769230769003, 0.019230769230769003, 0.019230769230769003, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384, 0.0, 0.0, 0.009615384615384, 0.009615384615384], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5]}, - {"paper": "W1973893299", "mesh_terms": ["Behavior, Animal", "Fishes", "Poecilia", "Algorithms", "Animals", "Behavior, Animal", "Fishes", "Models, Biological", "Models, Statistical", "Movement", "Movement", "Poecilia", "Social Behavior", "Software", "Swimming", "Time Factors"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V125754415", "V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden", "The Bees of the World, Second Edition", "The Bees in Your Backyard - A Guide to North America\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s Bees"], "author_ids": ["A2000885146", "A2994260355", "A2140687559", "A2282588149", "A231357996", "A2133461108"], "author_names": ["James E. Herbert-Read", "Andrea Perna", "Richard P. Mann", "Timothy M. Schaerf", "David J. T. Sumpter", "Ashley J. W. Ward"], "reference_ids": ["W2037730640", "W589337778", "W1544324307", "W1663973292", "W2014767144", "W2150312211", "W2159506021", "W2110816718", "W645587989", "W1990340293", "W1746680969", "W2033582549", "W2122607084", "W2015410655", "W2171508688", "W3140968660", "W3037683188", "W2095362490", "W2002266200", "W2143969246", "W1981425595", "W2135563396", "W1967755127", "W2044247492", "W2071478559", "W2095872630", "W2112164016", "W2152132532", "W3150700316", "W1554663460", "W1989681935", "W2055735128", "W2148603752", "W1966089110", "W1984934536", "W1982645834", "W2015142857", "W2130441167", "W2171413314", "W2067035389"], "title": "Inferring the rules of interaction of shoaling fish", "abstract": "collective motion, where large numbers of individuals move synchronously together, is achieved when individuals adopt interaction rules that determine how they respond to their neighbors\u2019 movements and positions. these rules determine how group-living animals move, make decisions, and transmit information between individuals. nonetheless, few studies have explicitly determined these interaction rules in moving groups, and very little is known about the interaction rules of fish. here, we identify three key rules for the social interactions of mosquitofish (gambusia holbrooki): (i) attraction forces are important in maintaining group cohesion, while we find only weak evidence that fish align with their neighbor\u2019s orientation; (ii) repulsion is mediated principally by changes in speed; (iii) although the positions and directions of all shoal members are highly correlated, individuals only respond to their single nearest neighbor. the last two of these rules are different from the classical models of collective animal motion, raising new questions about how fish and other animals self-organize on the move.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/108/46/18726.full.pdf", "petalID": 829, "doi": "10.2307/2398919", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "capture_solids", "manage populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2398919?seq=1", "mag_terms": ["forage", "buzz pollination", "oligolecty", "pollen", "apidae", "apoidea", "euglossini", "nectar", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["fish", "gambusia holbrooki"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.04, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, + {"paper": "W1973893299", "mesh_terms": ["Behavior, Animal", "Fishes", "Poecilia", "Algorithms", "Animals", "Behavior, Animal", "Fishes", "Models, Biological", "Models, Statistical", "Movement", "Movement", "Poecilia", "Social Behavior", "Software", "Swimming", "Time Factors"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V125754415", "V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden", "The Bees of the World, Second Edition", "The Bees in Your Backyard - A Guide to North America\u201a\u00c4\u00f4s Bees"], "author_ids": ["A2000885146", "A2994260355", "A2140687559", "A2282588149", "A231357996", "A2133461108"], "author_names": ["James E. Herbert-Read", "Andrea Perna", "Richard P. Mann", "Timothy M. Schaerf", "David J. T. Sumpter", "Ashley J. W. Ward"], "reference_ids": ["W2037730640", "W589337778", "W1544324307", "W1663973292", "W2014767144", "W2150312211", "W2159506021", "W2110816718", "W645587989", "W1990340293", "W1746680969", "W2033582549", "W2122607084", "W2015410655", "W2171508688", "W3140968660", "W3037683188", "W2095362490", "W2002266200", "W2143969246", "W1981425595", "W2135563396", "W1967755127", "W2044247492", "W2071478559", "W2095872630", "W2112164016", "W2152132532", "W3150700316", "W1554663460", "W1989681935", "W2055735128", "W2148603752", "W1966089110", "W1984934536", "W1982645834", "W2015142857", "W2130441167", "W2171413314", "W2067035389"], "title": "Inferring the rules of interaction of shoaling fish", "abstract": "collective motion, where large numbers of individuals move synchronously together, is achieved when individuals adopt interaction rules that determine how they respond to their neighbors\u2019 movements and positions. these rules determine how group-living animals move, make decisions, and transmit information between individuals. nonetheless, few studies have explicitly determined these interaction rules in moving groups, and very little is known about the interaction rules of fish. here, we identify three key rules for the social interactions of mosquitofish (gambusia holbrooki): (i) attraction forces are important in maintaining group cohesion, while we find only weak evidence that fish align with their neighbor\u2019s orientation; (ii) repulsion is mediated principally by changes in speed; (iii) although the positions and directions of all shoal members are highly correlated, individuals only respond to their single nearest neighbor. the last two of these rules are different from the classical models of collective animal motion, raising new questions about how fish and other animals self-organize on the move.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/108/46/18726.full.pdf", "petalID": 829, "doi": "10.2307/2398919", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "individual_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_solids", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "manage_populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2398919?seq=1", "mag_terms": ["forage", "buzz pollination", "oligolecty", "pollen", "apidae", "apoidea", "euglossini", "nectar", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["fish", "gambusia holbrooki"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.04, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2146481582", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V205086949"], "venue_names": ["American Journal of Botany", "Journal of Ethology", "Arthropod Structure & Development"], "author_ids": ["A3192929317", "A2159187546"], "author_names": ["Shoko Sakai", "Tamiji Inoue"], "reference_ids": ["W2068553850", "W2149774964", "W2332354675", "W2160148955", "W2326433481", "W2567320972", "W2009103406", "W2332961044", "W2135806571", "W607305803", "W2067533885", "W2047399150", "W2517770381", "W2084651253", "W2322070540", "W2171299208", "W2328239704", "W2083012876", "W2145399080", "W2313827709", "W1999787904", "W2062860287", "W2157781062", "W2150047806", "W2485811306", "W2004918446", "W2317125820", "W2488023895", "W2067561380", "W2146380829", "W2038154515", "W1976740282", "W2020803547"], "title": "A new pollination system: dung-beetle pollination discovered in Orchidantha inouei (Lowiaceae, Zingiberales) in Sarawak, Malaysia", "abstract": "lowiaceae, a family of the zingiberales, comprise 11 species in the single genus orchidantha. here we present the first report on the pollination of lowiaceae and describe a new system of dung-beetle pollination from sarawak, borneo. orchidantha inouei has a zygomorphic flower located just above the ground. observations revealed that the plant is visited frequently and is pollinated by scarabaeid dung beetles, mainly members of the genus onthophagus. all four species of onthophagus collected on o. inouei have also been caught using traps baited with dung or carrion in borneo. onthophagus was presumably attracted to the dung-like odor of the flower. pollination of o. inouei is different from other examples of beetle pollination in that its flower provides neither reward nor protected space. dung beetles are excellent at following a particular dung scent. orchidantha is the only genus that includes species lacking floral nectar. it is interesting that this deception pollination using dung beetles was found in zingiberales, in which all known species have mutual and specialized relationships with their long-distance, but costly, pollinators-bees, birds, and bats.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 830, "doi": "10.1007/S10164-010-0222-4", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "attach"], "level2": ["active_movement", "attach_temporarily", "passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10164-010-0222-4", "mag_terms": ["suctorial", "solifugae", "animal ecology", "insect", "predation", "zoology", "anatomy", "biology", "eremochelis bilobatus", "feeding behavior", "prey capture"], "species": ["dung beetles", "bird", "onthophagus", "birds", "beetles", "bats", "orchidantha inouei"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.053571428571428006, 0.017857142857142003, 0.053571428571428006, 0.017857142857142003, 0.053571428571428006, 0.017857142857142003, 0.017857142857142003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304]}, - {"paper": "W2111836581", "mesh_terms": ["4-Butyrolactone", "Cell Physiological Phenomena", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Quorum Sensing", "Repressor Proteins", "Trans-Activators", "4-Butyrolactone", "4-Butyrolactone", "4-Butyrolactone", "Acylation", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Ligands", "Molecular Structure", "Quorum Sensing", "Repressor Proteins", "Repressor Proteins", "Structure-Activity Relationship", "Trans-Activators", "Trans-Activators"], "venue_ids": ["V316438"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Chemical Society Reviews", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A2778245535", "A2153126071", "A2460979789"], "author_names": ["Grant D. Geske", "Jennifer C. O'Neill", "Helen E. Blackwell"], "reference_ids": ["W1585864117", "W1983200428", "W2022476505", "W2022358488", "W2107304641", "W2173716702", "W2024534479", "W2698683024", "W2142359121", "W1988874714", "W2069715739", "W2138139413", "W2148688684", "W2013940605", "W2028314416", "W2146292204", "W1726719959", "W2060816398", "W1990272538", "W1999582558", "W2057512601", "W2060375832", "W2113773263", "W1995470081", "W2082097885", "W2016995075", "W2026504931", "W1605894612", "W2008677619", "W2056932987", "W1979187741", "W1502461125", "W1993845682", "W2131869707", "W2137724540", "W2951807980", "W2106225335", "W2022091067", "W2047097596", "W2072936433", "W2118721916", "W2485548155", "W2002317558", "W2005274428", "W2146537129", "W1559354357", "W1994179922", "W2112814507", "W2120468912", "W2131230616", "W1895584462", "W2073233593", "W2131730587", "W2162793475", "W1980352067", "W2015718294", "W2057802070", "W2075736573", "W2116929184", "W2038461753", "W2149876916", "W2036515665", "W2046396389", "W2143556405", "W2029862527", "W2061520106", "W2066047779", "W2075201534", "W2138901939", "W1967252489", "W2048411369", "W2047406961"], "title": "Expanding dialogues: from natural autoinducers to non-natural analogues that modulate quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria", "abstract": "bacteria are capable of \u201ccommunicating\u201d their local population densities via a process termed quorum sensing (qs). gram-negative bacteria use n-acylated l-homoserine lactones (ahls), in conjunction with their cognate luxr-type receptors, as their primary signalling circuit for qs. in this critical review, we examine ahl signalling in gram-negative bacteria with a primary focus on the design of non-natural ahls, their structure-activity relationships, and their application in chemical biological approaches to study qs (72 references).", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2590586?pdf=render", "petalID": 831, "doi": "10.1890/07-0133.1", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/07-0133.1", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "seed predation", "herbivore", "predation", "ant", "hymenoptera", "aculeata", "acacia", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.11111111111111101], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2111836581", "mesh_terms": ["4-Butyrolactone", "Cell Physiological Phenomena", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Quorum Sensing", "Repressor Proteins", "Trans-Activators", "4-Butyrolactone", "4-Butyrolactone", "4-Butyrolactone", "Acylation", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "Ligands", "Molecular Structure", "Quorum Sensing", "Repressor Proteins", "Repressor Proteins", "Structure-Activity Relationship", "Trans-Activators", "Trans-Activators"], "venue_ids": ["V316438"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Chemical Society Reviews", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Ecology", "New Phytologist", "Ant-Plant Interactions: Impacts of Humans on Terrestrial Ecosystems"], "author_ids": ["A2778245535", "A2153126071", "A2460979789"], "author_names": ["Grant D. Geske", "Jennifer C. O'Neill", "Helen E. Blackwell"], "reference_ids": ["W1585864117", "W1983200428", "W2022476505", "W2022358488", "W2107304641", "W2173716702", "W2024534479", "W2698683024", "W2142359121", "W1988874714", "W2069715739", "W2138139413", "W2148688684", "W2013940605", "W2028314416", "W2146292204", "W1726719959", "W2060816398", "W1990272538", "W1999582558", "W2057512601", "W2060375832", "W2113773263", "W1995470081", "W2082097885", "W2016995075", "W2026504931", "W1605894612", "W2008677619", "W2056932987", "W1979187741", "W1502461125", "W1993845682", "W2131869707", "W2137724540", "W2951807980", "W2106225335", "W2022091067", "W2047097596", "W2072936433", "W2118721916", "W2485548155", "W2002317558", "W2005274428", "W2146537129", "W1559354357", "W1994179922", "W2112814507", "W2120468912", "W2131230616", "W1895584462", "W2073233593", "W2131730587", "W2162793475", "W1980352067", "W2015718294", "W2057802070", "W2075736573", "W2116929184", "W2038461753", "W2149876916", "W2036515665", "W2046396389", "W2143556405", "W2029862527", "W2061520106", "W2066047779", "W2075201534", "W2138901939", "W1967252489", "W2048411369", "W2047406961"], "title": "Expanding dialogues: from natural autoinducers to non-natural analogues that modulate quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria", "abstract": "bacteria are capable of \u201ccommunicating\u201d their local population densities via a process termed quorum sensing (qs). gram-negative bacteria use n-acylated l-homoserine lactones (ahls), in conjunction with their cognate luxr-type receptors, as their primary signalling circuit for qs. in this critical review, we examine ahl signalling in gram-negative bacteria with a primary focus on the design of non-natural ahls, their structure-activity relationships, and their application in chemical biological approaches to study qs (72 references).", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2590586?pdf=render", "petalID": 831, "doi": "10.1890/07-0133.1", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "manage_populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/07-0133.1", "mag_terms": ["mutualism", "seed predation", "herbivore", "predation", "ant", "hymenoptera", "aculeata", "acacia", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.11111111111111101], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2075365169", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V174303711"], "venue_names": ["Functional Ecology", "Arthropod Structure & Development"], "author_ids": ["A3037789299", "A1654570341", "A2019757941", "A2330041933", "A2576047840", "A2304458654", "A2123854687", "A2145527499", "A2131553835", "A2102430153"], "author_names": ["Pat Willmer", "Clive Nuttman", "Nigel E. Raine", "Graham N. Stone", "Jonathan G. Pattrick", "Kate Henson", "Philip Stillman", "Lynn McIlroy", "Simon G. Potts", "Jeffe T. Knudsen"], "reference_ids": ["W1540943811", "W1990785118", "W1992847733", "W1598934770", "W2134960813", "W2135927925", "W83064398", "W2019715735", "W1520581468", "W1900489130", "W2164341141", "W2080712473", "W2159151050", "W1972916374", "W2096174222", "W2131161783", "W1966794101", "W2113816582", "W2167081133", "W2076898212", "W2473309094", "W2040336455", "W2057687541", "W2078153109", "W2163369687", "W2006597931", "W2096482210", "W2114069930", "W1887174988", "W2036002429", "W2042697214", "W2099558361", "W2330978881", "W2732742487", "W812758127", "W2035796904", "W2042918503", "W2328185506", "W2038758672", "W2047737119", "W2064176698", "W2077463821", "W2110445359", "W2144897832", "W2168285923", "W2504654114", "W2074416486", "W2136297525", "W2172012101", "W1596070814", "W2118865777", "W2148676416", "W2165167075", "W2047161528", "W2049690596", "W2074611038", "W2107615946", "W1919336066", "W2002664886", "W2037963925", "W2128173628", "W2327710828", "W1972861247", "W2010325089", "W2069489886", "W2129662190", "W1981890232", "W2012919387", "W2017618809", "W2155007309", "W2328026571", "W2075663759", "W2076262357", "W2005872576", "W2102015864", "W2133045466", "W1972237860", "W2051510866", "W2095274925", "W1998760382", "W2029376566", "W2323743548", "W1994828536", "W2010727650", "W2166751790", "W2135324161", "W2112338106", "W2162751450", "W2005964546", "W2134215735", "W2278148777"], "title": "Floral volatiles controlling ant behaviour", "abstract": "p>1. ants show complex interactions with plants, both facultative and mutualistic, ranging from grazers through seed predators and dispersers to herders of some herbivores and guards against others. but ants are rarely pollinators, and their visits to flowers may be detrimental to plant fitness. 2. plants therefore have various strategies to control ant distributions, and restrict them to foliage rather than flowers. these 'filters' may involve physical barriers on or around flowers, or 'decoys and bribes' sited on the foliage (usually extrafloral nectaries - efns). alternatively, volatile organic compounds (vocs) are used as signals to control ant behaviour, attracting ants to leaves and/or deterring them from functional flowers. some of the past evidence that flowers repel ants by vocs has been equivocal and we describe the shortcomings of some experimental approaches, which involve behavioural tests in artificial conditions. 3. we review our previous study of myrmecophytic acacias, which used in situ experiments to show that volatiles derived from pollen can specifically and transiently deter ants during dehiscence, the effects being stronger in ant-guarded species and more effective on resident ants, both in african and neotropical species. in these plants, repellence involves at least some volatiles that are known components of ant alarm pheromones, but are not repellent to beneficial bee visitors. 4. we also present new evidence of ant repellence by vocs in temperate flowers, which is usually pollen-based and active on common european ants. we use these data to indicate that across a wide range of plants there is an apparent trade-off in ant-controlling filter strategies between the use of defensive floral volatiles and the alternatives of decoying efns or physical barriers.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 832, "doi": "10.1016/J.ASD.2006.08.011", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["send_signals", "change_chemical_color/pigmentation"], "level3": ["send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1467803906000557?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["pieridae", "compound eye", "ommatidium", "trichromacy", "papilio xuthus", "spectral sensitivity", "butterfly", "evolutionary biology", "botany", "biology", "regular lattice"], "species": ["plants", "bee"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.057142857142857, 0.014285714285714], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.25]}, {"paper": "W2155021470", "mesh_terms": ["Carnivora", "Foot", "Animals", "Canidae", "Carnivora", "Carnivora", "Cats", "Dogs", "Extremities", "Extremities", "Extremities", "Felidae", "Foot", "Foot", "Hyaenidae", "Mammals", "Mammals", "Mammals", "Mechanical Phenomena"], "venue_ids": ["V129150467"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface", "Naturwissenschaften", "Plant Ecology and Evolution", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2568795031", "A2097978611"], "author_names": ["Kai-Jung Chi", "V. Louise Roth"], "reference_ids": ["W2024418777", "W2112071537", "W1968379749", "W2137412301", "W2001793234", "W2006099112", "W1532186756", "W2027514991", "W2131213634", "W1556186925", "W1614755592", "W2165529265", "W1589958201", "W1763240259", "W2167331671", "W1501891458", "W2013244204", "W2072824545", "W2086974597", "W2166794716", "W2029641455", "W2097393454", "W2092356399", "W2060486195", "W2133469557", "W2164932599", "W646109550", "W2038389251", "W2125916101", "W2170686920", "W2413911531", "W1560068742", "W2017840998", "W2012388796", "W2040210022", "W2155253185", "W2111756727", "W2170906116", "W2272531928"], "title": "Scaling and mechanics of carnivoran footpads reveal the principles of footpad design", "abstract": "in most mammals, footpads are what first strike ground with each stride. their mechanical properties therefore inevitably affect functioning of the legs; yet interspecific studies of the scaling of locomotor mechanics have all but neglected the feet and their soft tissues. here we determine how contact area and stiffness of footpads in digitigrade carnivorans scale with body mass in order to show how footpads\u2019 mechanical properties and size covary to maintain their functional integrity. as body mass increases across several orders of magnitude, we find the following: (i) foot contact area does not keep pace with increasing body mass; therefore pressure increases, placing footpad tissue of larger animals potentially at greater risk of damage; (ii) but stiffness of the pads also increases, so the tissues of larger animals must experience less strain; and (iii) total energy stored in hindpads increases slightly more than that in the forepads, allowing additional elastic energy to be returned for greater propulsive efficiency. moreover, pad stiffness appears to be tuned across the size range to maintain loading regimes in the limbs that are favourable for long-bone remodelling. thus, the structural properties of footpads, unlike other biological support-structures, scale interspecifically through changes in both geometry and material properties, rather than geometric proportions alone, and do so with consequences for both maintenance and operation of other components of the locomotor system.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2894873?pdf=render", "petalID": 833, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.201.4356.614", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/201/4356/614", "mag_terms": ["transpiration", "leaf size", "cactus", "perennial plant", "photosynthesis", "horticulture", "botany", "desert", "adaptability", "biology", "air temperature"], "species": ["mammals"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012345679012345002], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1966703024", "mesh_terms": ["Arabidopsis Proteins", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Carrier Proteins", "Plant Stomata", "Proton-Translocating ATPases", "Proton-Translocating ATPases", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Blotting, Western", "Carrier Proteins", "Carrier Proteins", "Host-Pathogen Interactions", "Immunity, Innate", "Immunity, Innate", "Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins", "Luminescent Proteins", "Luminescent Proteins", "Luminescent Proteins", "Mass Spectrometry", "Microscopy, Confocal", "Mutation", "Plant Diseases", "Plant Diseases", "Plant Diseases", "Plant Stomata", "Protein Binding", "Proton-Translocating ATPases", "Proton-Translocating ATPases", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Recombinant Fusion Proteins", "Recombinant Fusion Proteins", "Recombinant Fusion Proteins", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Two-Hybrid System Techniques", "Virulence"], "venue_ids": ["V154343897"], "venue_names": ["PLOS Biology", "Weird Nature: An Astonishing Exploration of Nature's Strangest Behavior", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Scientific Reports"], "author_ids": ["A2644880057", "A2114870929", "A2086727189", "A2001830283", "A661859073", "A727230186"], "author_names": ["Jun Liu", "James Mitch Elmore", "Anja T. Fuglsang", "Michael G. Palmgren", "Brian J. Staskawicz", "Gitta Coaker"], "reference_ids": ["W2098596006", "W2112078820", "W2137558669", "W2031395601", "W2047312008", "W2095759871", "W1976388730", "W2154540205", "W2127856785", "W2153319351", "W2128635872", "W2135557599", "W2011164920", "W2049068474", "W2139837360", "W1594700207", "W1975506555", "W2040210770", "W2028517429", "W2126254780", "W2099091408", "W1990292989", "W2000912568", "W2132198143", "W2157727146", "W1968392315", "W2024453963", "W2076479752", "W2128123767", "W2314974744", "W1971735928", "W2114111406", "W2215682328", "W2002672259", "W2157084376", "W2154902457", "W2469005906", "W2104146932", "W2171530279", "W1631084000", "W1987762347", "W2127727759", "W1573464107", "W1965149530", "W2107446409", "W2126065040", "W2128049752", "W2157451936", "W44890474", "W2106451388", "W2153777219", "W1578219504", "W1976040120", "W1964061865", "W1996637616", "W2129499959", "W2102132369", "W2109183496", "W2122069073", "W2151580809", "W2164234055", "W207390509", "W1765108679", "W2035853823", "W2097239574", "W2118323946", "W2147395814", "W2415171934", "W2087054106", "W2015556811", "W2036028864", "W2047787090", "W2119670501", "W2140177375"], "title": "RIN4 Functions with Plasma Membrane H+-ATPases to Regulate Stomatal Apertures during Pathogen Attack", "abstract": "pathogen perception by the plant innate immune system is of central importance to plant survival and productivity. the arabidopsis protein rin4 is a negative regulator of plant immunity. in order to identify additional proteins involved in rin4-mediated immune signal transduction, we purified components of the rin4 protein complex. we identified six novel proteins that had not previously been implicated in rin4 signaling, including the plasma membrane (pm) h(+)-atpases aha1 and/or aha2. rin4 interacts with aha1 and aha2 both in vitro and in vivo. rin4 overexpression and knockout lines exhibit differential pm h(+)-atpase activity. pm h(+)-atpase activation induces stomatal opening, enabling bacteria to gain entry into the plant leaf; inactivation induces stomatal closure thus restricting bacterial invasion. the rin4 knockout line exhibited reduced pm h(+)-atpase activity and, importantly, its stomata could not be re-opened by virulent pseudomonas syringae. we also demonstrate that rin4 is expressed in guard cells, highlighting the importance of this cell type in innate immunity. these results indicate that the arabidopsis protein rin4 functions with the pm h(+)-atpase to regulate stomatal apertures, inhibiting the entry of bacterial pathogens into the plant leaf during infection.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000139&type=printable", "petalID": 834, "doi": "10.1038/SREP00131", "level1": ["assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["change_size/shape", "protect_from_living_threats", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00131", "mag_terms": ["pacific hagfish", "vertebrate", "hagfish", "ecological niche", "eptatretus", "lineage", "predation", "evolutionary biology", "ecology", "biology", "defence mechanisms"], "species": ["bacteria", "pseudomonas syringae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010752688172043001, 0.010752688172043001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ {"paper": "W2087166613", "mesh_terms": ["Geraniaceae", "Models, Biological", "Seed Dispersal", "Seeds", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Geraniaceae", "Seed Dispersal", "Seeds", "Seeds", "Video Recording"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Anatomy"], "author_ids": ["A2412931990", "A2603578428", "A1975224956"], "author_names": ["Dennis Evangelista", "Scott Hotton", "Jacques Dumais"], "reference_ids": ["W2065169078", "W2125066087", "W2132580606", "W1973092420", "W2016973026", "W1977012773", "W2098873786", "W2147572329", "W2060220262", "W2079802047", "W2329533810", "W2079288512", "W2752932982", "W2069861985", "W1980830092", "W2124680756", "W3128121303", "W1532186756", "W2099332884", "W2156416417", "W2019002790", "W2054498170", "W2187142827", "W1995571108", "W2154065323", "W2000083305", "W2166815523", "W2505381531"], "title": "The mechanics of explosive dispersal and self-burial in the seeds of the filaree, Erodium cicutarium (Geraniaceae)", "abstract": "summary - the filaree ( erodium cicutarium ), a small, flowering plant related to geraniums, possesses a unique seed dispersal mechanism: the plant can fling its seeds up to half a meter away; and the seeds can bury themselves by drilling into the ground, twisting and untwisting in response to changes in humidity. these feats are accomplished using awns, helical bristles of dead but hygroscopically active tissue attached to the seeds. here, we describe the kinematics of explosive dispersal and self-burial based on detailed high-speed and time-lapse videos. we use these observations to develop a simple mechanical model that accounts for the coiling behavior of the awn and allows comparison of the strain energy stored in the awn with the kinetic energy at launch. the model is used to examine tradeoffs between dispersal distance and reliability of the dispersal mechanism. the mechanical model may help in understanding the invasive potential of this species and provides a framework for examining other evolutionary tradeoffs in seed dispersal mechanisms among the geraniaceae.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/4/521.full.pdf", "petalID": 836, "doi": "10.1098/RSPB.2004.2702", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2004.2702", "mag_terms": ["effect of gait parameters on energetic cost", "preferred walking speed", "level and incline running", "power walking", "transition from walking to running", "gait", "biomechanics", "treadmill", "physical medicine and rehabilitation", "simulation", "computer science"], "species": ["geraniaceae", "erodium cicutarium"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.02, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2112896586", "mesh_terms": ["Bacillus subtilis", "Nitric Oxide", "Nitric Oxide Synthase", "Oxidative Stress", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Antioxidants", "Antioxidants", "Bacillus subtilis", "Bacillus subtilis", "Bacillus subtilis", "Catalase", "Catalase", "Cytoprotection", "Enzyme Activation", "Gene Deletion", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "Iron", "Iron", "Nitric Oxide", "Nitric Oxide Synthase", "Nitric Oxide Synthase", "Reactive Oxygen Species", "Reactive Oxygen Species", "Water", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2043905329", "A1992460848"], "author_names": ["Ivan Gusarov", "Evgeny Nudler"], "reference_ids": ["W1998798870", "W2054751242", "W2113120391", "W2169917527", "W1972748438", "W2063078080", "W2149200346", "W2064937562", "W2065020384", "W2950369001", "W1966446087", "W2171100383", "W2150916538", "W1967187479", "W1973812004", "W1980335366", "W2145131343", "W572500970", "W1929009802", "W2088195645", "W2125515182", "W2037776985", "W2274550965", "W2109654316", "W2127242142", "W2164113064", "W2064956451", "W2077437981", "W97463538", "W2001207916", "W1780014751", "W2034919439", "W2097369125", "W2011233979", "W1678194650", "W2069526662", "W2127475487", "W1973457181", "W2027926439", "W2085773333", "W1900378797", "W2138081694", "W2165301921", "W1716100151", "W2001190819", "W2023822923", "W2095528423", "W2007013508", "W2084808295", "W2123312573", "W2023633834", "W1669388010", "W2062425914", "W2124688646"], "title": "NO-mediated cytoprotection: Instant adaptation to oxidative stress in bacteria", "abstract": "numerous sophisticated systems have been described that protect bacteria from increased levels of reactive oxygen species. although indispensable during prolonged oxidative stress, these response systems depend on newly synthesized proteins, and are hence both time and energy consuming. here, we describe an express cytoprotective system in bacillus subtilis which depends on nitric oxide (no). we show that no immediately protects bacterial cells from reactive oxygen species by two independent mechanisms. no transiently suppresses the enzymatic reduction of free cysteine that fuels the damaging fenton reaction. in addition, no directly reactivates catalase, a major antioxidant enzyme that has been inhibited in vivo by endogenous cysteine. our data also reveal a critical role for bacterial no-synthase in adaptation to oxidative stress associated with fast metabolic changes, and suggest a possible role for no in defending pathogens against immune oxidative attack.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/102/39/13855.full.pdf", "petalID": 837, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0000457", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "capture_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000457", "mag_terms": ["melanin", "ionizing radiation", "irradiation", "mtt assay", "cryptococcus neoformans", "pigment", "microorganism", "mutant", "biophysics", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["bacteria", "bacillus subtilis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.025, 0.025], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2126636026", "mesh_terms": ["Insecta", "Sarraceniaceae", "Sarraceniaceae", "Waxes", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Crystallization", "Female", "Insecta", "Insecta", "Microscopy, Atomic Force", "Models, Biological", "Sarraceniaceae", "Sarraceniaceae", "Surface Properties", "Waxes"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Microporous and Mesoporous Materials", "Annual Review of Microbiology"], "author_ids": ["A2033648689", "A2397649016", "A1221548511", "A3175702838", "A3138762548", "A2312956960", "A2137042513", "A2735721883", "A2076826692", "A2405272318", "A2135145164"], "author_names": ["Ingo Scholz", "M. B\u00fcckins", "Lars Dolge", "T. Erlinghagen", "Agnes Weth", "Florian Hischen", "Joachim Mayer", "Sarah L. Hoffmann", "Markus Riederer", "Michael Riedel", "Werner Baumgartner"], "reference_ids": ["W2114938190", "W2144672110", "W2050178148", "W2170404543", "W2072357346", "W1972872072", "W2111326389", "W2137332610", "W2328532906", "W2171588936", "W2049598435", "W2082851834", "W2124156008", "W2316607047", "W2021255648", "W2043091902", "W2062505502", "W2107672841", "W2119903816", "W2154799677", "W1967629986", "W2083627710", "W3144832281", "W2051166244", "W2070323332", "W2084853927", "W2032621787", "W2131945542"], "title": "Slippery surfaces of pitcher plants: Nepenthes wax crystals minimize insect attachment via microscopic surface roughness", "abstract": "pitcher plants of the genus nepenthes efficiently trap and retain insect prey in highly specialized leaves. besides a slippery peristome which inhibits adhesion of insects they employ epicuticular wax crystals on the inner walls of the conductive zone of the pitchers to hamper insect attachment by adhesive devices. it has been proposed that the detachment of individual crystals and the resulting contamination of adhesive organs is responsible for capturing insects. however, our results provide evidence in favour of a different mechanism, mainly based on the stability and the roughness of the waxy surface. first, we were unable to detect a large quantity of crystal fragments on the pads of insects detached from mature pitcher surfaces of nepenthes alata . second, investigation of the pitcher surface by focused ion beam treatment showed that the wax crystals form a compact 3d structure. third, atomic force microscopy of the platelet-shaped crystals revealed that the crystals are mechanically stable, rendering crystal detachment by insect pads unlikely. fourth, the surface profile parameters of the wax layer showed striking similarities to those of polishing paper with low grain size. by measuring friction forces of insects on this artificial surface we demonstrate that microscopic roughness alone is sufficient to minimize insect attachment. a theoretical model shows that surface roughness within a certain length scale will prevent adhesion by being too rough for adhesive pads but not rough enough for claws.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/7/1115.full.pdf", "petalID": 838, "doi": "10.1016/J.MICROMESO.2011.12.005", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy", "chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1387181111005907?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["immobilized enzyme", "mesoporous silica", "bicarbonate", "conformational change", "carbonic anhydrase", "carbon dioxide", "carboxylic acid", "enzyme", "chemistry", "chemical engineering", "organic chemistry"], "species": ["nepenthes alata", "plants", "insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012987012987012, 0.012987012987012, 0.051948051948051], "relative_relevancy": [0.25, 0.25, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W1988253516", "mesh_terms": ["Feathers", "Keratins", "Animals", "Birds", "Birds", "Feathers", "Geese", "Keratins", "Pliability", "Species Specificity", "Struthioniformes", "X-Ray Diffraction"], "venue_ids": ["V89954039"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Structural Biology", "Nature", "Earth Surface Processes and Landforms"], "author_ids": ["A3179525569", "A2285114625", "A2030923377"], "author_names": ["G.J. Cameron", "Tim J Wess", "Richard H. C. Bonser"], "reference_ids": ["W2037412406", "W2121756864", "W101100686", "W2007837991", "W2112159968", "W2106140184", "W2430755664", "W1991497683", "W1796222680", "W153197614", "W2412818408", "W2054974102", "W2088688166", "W1918890488", "W1515869351"], "title": "Young\u2019s modulus varies with differential orientation of keratin in feathers", "abstract": "feathers are composed of a structure that, whilst being very light, is able to withstand the large aerodynamic forces exerted upon them during flight. to explore the contribution of molecular orientation to feather keratin mechanical properties, we have examined the nanoscopic organisation of the keratin molecules by x-ray diffraction techniques and have confirmed a link between this and the young's modulus of the feather rachis. our results indicate that along the rachis length, from calamus to tip, the keratin molecules become more aligned than at the calamus before returning to a state of higher mis-orientation towards the tip of the rachis. we have also confirmed the general trend of increasing young's modulus with distance along the rachis. furthermore, we report a distinct difference in the patterns of orientation of beta-keratin in the feathers of flying and flightless birds. the trend for increased modulus along the feathers of volant birds is absent in the flightless ostrich.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 839, "doi": "10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199804)23:4<291::AID-ESP844>3.0.CO;2-A", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "assemble/break_down_structure", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["physically_assemble_structure", "store_resources", "chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds", "store_soilds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291096-9837%28199804%2923%3A4%3C291%3A%3AAID-ESP844%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A", "mag_terms": ["mima mounds", "alluvial fan", "floodplain", "epigeal", "macrotermes michaelseni", "biota", "transpiration", "precipitation", "hydrology", "ecology", "geology"], "species": ["bird", "birds", "ostrich", "calamus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.046511627906976, 0.046511627906976, 0.023255813953488, 0.046511627906976], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W1988253516", "mesh_terms": ["Feathers", "Keratins", "Animals", "Birds", "Birds", "Feathers", "Geese", "Keratins", "Pliability", "Species Specificity", "Struthioniformes", "X-Ray Diffraction"], "venue_ids": ["V89954039"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Structural Biology", "Nature", "Earth Surface Processes and Landforms"], "author_ids": ["A3179525569", "A2285114625", "A2030923377"], "author_names": ["G.J. Cameron", "Tim J Wess", "Richard H. C. Bonser"], "reference_ids": ["W2037412406", "W2121756864", "W101100686", "W2007837991", "W2112159968", "W2106140184", "W2430755664", "W1991497683", "W1796222680", "W153197614", "W2412818408", "W2054974102", "W2088688166", "W1918890488", "W1515869351"], "title": "Young\u2019s modulus varies with differential orientation of keratin in feathers", "abstract": "feathers are composed of a structure that, whilst being very light, is able to withstand the large aerodynamic forces exerted upon them during flight. to explore the contribution of molecular orientation to feather keratin mechanical properties, we have examined the nanoscopic organisation of the keratin molecules by x-ray diffraction techniques and have confirmed a link between this and the young's modulus of the feather rachis. our results indicate that along the rachis length, from calamus to tip, the keratin molecules become more aligned than at the calamus before returning to a state of higher mis-orientation towards the tip of the rachis. we have also confirmed the general trend of increasing young's modulus with distance along the rachis. furthermore, we report a distinct difference in the patterns of orientation of beta-keratin in the feathers of flying and flightless birds. the trend for increased modulus along the feathers of volant birds is absent in the flightless ostrich.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 839, "doi": "10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199804)23:4<291::AID-ESP844>3.0.CO;2-A", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "assemble/break_down_structure", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["physically_assemble_structure", "store_resources", "chemically_assemble"], "level3": ["chemically_assemble_organic_compounds", "store_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291096-9837%28199804%2923%3A4%3C291%3A%3AAID-ESP844%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A", "mag_terms": ["mima mounds", "alluvial fan", "floodplain", "epigeal", "macrotermes michaelseni", "biota", "transpiration", "precipitation", "hydrology", "ecology", "geology"], "species": ["bird", "birds", "ostrich", "calamus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.046511627906976, 0.046511627906976, 0.023255813953488, 0.046511627906976], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2141149433", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V64016596"], "venue_names": ["Acta Materialia", "Zoological Science"], "author_ids": ["A2136487659", "A2525919106", "A2007050431"], "author_names": ["Yasuaki Seki", "M. S. Schneider", "Marc A. Meyers"], "reference_ids": ["W1968693224", "W2030401642", "W1961018575", "W2064642259", "W1988253516", "W1520891405", "W1993030849", "W2065638444", "W2036859684", "W2064082791", "W162913333", "W1986796518", "W2031018206", "W2064776461", "W1918890488", "W120044176", "W2121323562", "W1568588233", "W2281568291", "W2046539852", "W2055991536", "W1970695951", "W2017407137", "W2011599036", "W2027388046", "W2066646366"], "title": "Structure and mechanical behavior of a toucan beak", "abstract": "abstract the toucan beak, which comprises one third of the length of the bird and yet only about 1/20th of its mass, has outstanding stiffness. the structure of a toco toucan (ramphastos toco) beak was found to be a sandwich composite with an exterior of keratin and a fibrous network of closed cells made of calcium-rich proteins. the keratin layer is comprised of superposed hexagonal scales (50\u00a0\u03bcm diameter and 1\u00a0\u03bcm thickness) glued together. its tensile strength is about 50\u00a0mpa and young\u2019s modulus is 1.4\u00a0gpa. micro and nanoindentation hardness measurements corroborate these values. the keratin shell exhibits a strain-rate sensitivity with a transition from slippage of the scales due to release of the organic glue, at a low strain rate (5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22125/s) to fracture of the scales at a higher strain rate (1.5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22123/s). the closed-cell foam is comprised of fibers having a young\u2019s modulus twice as high as the keratin shells due to their higher calcium content. the compressive response of the foam was modeled by the gibson\u2013ashby constitutive equations for open and closed-cell foam. there is a synergistic effect between foam and shell evidenced by experiments and analysis establishing the separate responses of shell, foam, and foam\u00a0+\u00a0shell. the stability analysis developed by karam and gibson, assuming an idealized circular cross section, was applied to the beak. it shows that the foam stabilizes the deformation of the beak by providing an elastic foundation which increases its brazier and buckling load under flexure loading.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 840, "doi": "10.2108/ZSJ.26.632", "level1": ["assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["change_material_properties"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bioone.org/journals/zoological-science/volume-26/issue-9/zsj.26.632/Functional-Changes-with-Feeding-in-the-Gastro-Intestinal-Epithelia-of/10.2108/zsj.26.632.short", "mag_terms": ["zymogen granule", "crypt", "sodium", "burmese python", "epithelium", "stomach", "intracellular", "atpase", "cell biology", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["ramphastos toco", "toco toucan", "bird"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.011494252873563001], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2093018141", "mesh_terms": ["Cats", "Drinking", "Tongue", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Cats", "Drinking", "Felidae", "Felidae", "Gravitation", "Models, Biological", "Movement", "Physical Phenomena", "Tongue"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Journal of Bionic Engineering", "Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering"], "author_ids": ["A1975677760", "A2163939539", "A2950832296", "A2226518713"], "author_names": ["Pedro M. Reis", "Sunghwan Jung", "Jeffrey M. Aristoff", "Roman Stocker"], "reference_ids": ["W2479136485", "W2007977326", "W2156218502", "W2012220501", "W2028600654", "W2188319348", "W3009751784", "W2059888026", "W2181759274", "W1597281812", "W2012077464", "W2111756727", "W1984070655", "W2115269477", "W2109603802", "W1969458568", "W2144497039", "W1985834661", "W2145263981", "W2323527054", "W2023703180", "W2120740894", "W2163060665", "W1985587753", "W2023759017", "W2586480192", "W2029567498", "W2018442090"], "title": "How Cats Lap: Water Uptake by Felis catus", "abstract": "animals have developed a range of drinking strategies depending on physiological and environmental constraints. vertebrates with incomplete cheeks use their tongue to drink; the most common example is the lapping of cats and dogs. we show that the domestic cat (felis catus) laps by a subtle mechanism based on water adhesion to the dorsal side of the tongue. a combined experimental and theoretical analysis reveals that felis catus exploits fluid inertia to defeat gravity and pull liquid into the mouth. this competition between inertia and gravity sets the lapping frequency and yields a prediction for the dependence of frequency on animal mass. measurements of lapping frequency across the family felidae support this prediction, which suggests that the lapping mechanism is conserved among felines.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 841, "doi": "10.1088/0960-1317/15/7/011", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_touch_and_mechanical_forces"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0960-1317/15/7/011", "mag_terms": ["microstructure", "fabrication", "characterization", "planar", "optoelectronics", "nanotechnology", "materials science", "campaniform sensilla", "layer", "strain", "strain sensor"], "species": ["dogs", "cat", "felis catus", "vertebrates", "domestic cat", "dog", "cats"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.021739130434782, 0.08695652173913, 0.0, 0.021739130434782, 0.0, 0.021739130434782, 0.021739130434782], "relative_relevancy": [0.25, 1.0, 0.0, 0.25, 0.0, 0.25, 0.25]}, {"paper": "W1979619558", "mesh_terms": ["Air", "Animal Structures", "Brachyura", "Molting", "Animal Structures", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Brachyura", "Brachyura", "Digestive System", "Hemolymph", "Hemolymph", "Hydrostatic Pressure", "Molting", "Movement", "Skeleton", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Microfluidics and Nanofluidics", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2343541055", "A2252257681"], "author_names": ["Jennifer R. A. Taylor", "William M. Kier"], "reference_ids": ["W1986816745", "W2119533649", "W2059286096", "W2041359620", "W1926229029", "W2592395223", "W2091907579", "W2096003696", "W2105894147", "W363007323", "W2075195361"], "title": "A pneumo-hydrostatic skeleton in land crabs", "abstract": "a sophisticated dual support system enables a crab to stay mobile immediately after moulting.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/4401005a.pdf", "petalID": 842, "doi": "10.1007/S10404-007-0163-6", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids", "distribute_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10404-007-0163-6", "mag_terms": ["biomimetics", "optimal design", "lab on a chip", "system on a chip", "biochemical engineering", "flow control", "channel", "tree structure", "microfluidics", "computer science", "nanotechnology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, @@ -851,9 +851,9 @@ {"paper": "W2020011632", "mesh_terms": ["Hindlimb", "Running", "Struthioniformes", "Acceleration", "Analysis of Variance", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Hindlimb", "Rotation", "Running", "Struthioniformes"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature", "Experientia", "Olfaction and Taste: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium"], "author_ids": ["A39322145", "A2327317609", "A2095466581", "A2531004330"], "author_names": ["Devin L. Jindrich", "Nicola C. Smith", "Karin J. M. Jespers", "Alan M. Wilson"], "reference_ids": ["W2108341823", "W2133214403", "W2133436125", "W2252581092", "W2062691475", "W2150617969", "W2093937828", "W2129224530", "W2153231803", "W2166878938", "W2117576286", "W2141651296", "W2186117099", "W2029641455", "W2053380299", "W2100799370", "W2114029939", "W2170231733", "W2078936766", "W1975624800", "W2165529265", "W2170320699", "W1996117239", "W2004390777", "W2005295908", "W2108905729", "W2097207536", "W1965752859", "W2066365247", "W2113111527", "W2174295199", "W2037402860", "W2040531759", "W2169470463", "W1874450194", "W2140948644", "W1989665388"], "title": "Mechanics of cutting maneuvers by ostriches (Struthio camelus)", "abstract": "we studied the strategies used by cursorial bipeds (ostriches) to maneuver during running. eight ostriches were induced to run along a trackway and execute turns. ground reaction forces and three-dimensional kinematics of the body and leg joints were simultaneously recorded, allowing calculation of joint angles and quasi-static net joint torques. sidesteps, where the leg on the outside of the turn changes the movement direction, and crossovers using the inside leg, occurred with nearly equal frequency. ostriches executed maneuvers using a simple control strategy that required minimal changes to leg kinematics or net torque production at individual joints. although ostriches did use acceleration or braking forces to control body rotation, their morphology allowed for both crossovers and sidesteps to be accomplished with minimal net acceleratory/braking force production. moreover, body roll and ab/adduction of the leg shifted the foot position away from the turn direction, reducing the acceleratory/braking forces required to prevent under- or over-rotation and aligning the leg with the ground reaction force.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/210/8/1378.full.pdf", "petalID": 849, "doi": "10.1007/BF02135966", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_light_in_the_non-visible_spectrum"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02135966", "mag_terms": ["nervous system", "cats", "anatomy", "chemistry", "nerve impulses", "nerve cells"], "species": ["ostriches", "ostrich"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.06451612903225801, 0.06451612903225801], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2149684723", "mesh_terms": ["Arachnida", "Arachnida", "Extremities", "Sense Organs", "Sense Organs", "Animals", "Arachnida", "Extremities", "Sense Organs"], "venue_ids": ["V38044275"], "venue_names": ["Arthropod Structure & Development", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2129481214", "A2803313904", "A2907238235", "A1971031257", "A2663093536"], "author_names": ["Anja E. Klann", "A.V. Gromov", "Paula E. Cushing", "Alfredo V. Peretti", "Gerd Alberti"], "reference_ids": ["W2035218727", "W2317295320", "W2000101194", "W1991979568", "W2109401564", "W2157733845", "W1992541908", "W2324515356", "W2242001249", "W2135691373", "W2127911529", "W2071380805", "W1982618503", "W2081474333", "W2330139794", "W3147525738", "W2008507438", "W2157113937", "W2032621787", "W2110972814", "W2095725814", "W2168114966", "W2143175951", "W2479487686", "W1550251006", "W1985726966", "W2074540398", "W659399033", "W2041771997", "W1968677999", "W2102501940", "W340067851", "W1676421722", "W2095215381", "W1972858797", "W167136986"], "title": "The anatomy and ultrastructure of the suctorial organ of Solifugae (Arachnida).", "abstract": "solifugae possess an evertable, adhesive pedipalpal organ (suctorial organ) at the tip of the distal tarsus of each pedipalp that is unique among arachnids. when inverted inside the pedipalp, the suctorial organ is covered with two cuticular lips, a dorsal upper lip and a ventral lower lip, but it can be protruded rapidly in order to facilitate grasping prey or climbing on bushes or even climbing on smooth surfaces due to its remarkable adhesive properties. in this study, the suctorial organs of different species from old world families galeodidae and karschiidae and new world families ammotrechidae and eremobatidae were investigated by means of light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. in all representatives, the suctorial organ is formed by an evertable, cuticular pad with a complex internal stabilizing structure. the procuticle of this pad consists of a lattice-like basal plate and numerous stalked structures connected to this basal plate. the shafts of the stalked structures are regularly organized and ramify apically. the surface of the suctorial organ is constituted of a very thin epicuticle overlaying the ramifying apices forming ridges and furrows on the ventral side of the suctorial organ.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 850, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1120182", "level1": ["modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_thermal_energy"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/311/5767/1580", "mag_terms": ["artificial muscle", "mechanical energy", "actuator", "electric motor", "battery", "chemical energy", "electric power supplies", "robotics", "automotive engineering", "materials science", "anatomy", "artificial intelligence"], "species": ["solifugae", "arachnids"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018181818181818, 0.018181818181818], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2090813767", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature", "Journal of Limnology", "Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2689889999", "A2677545523", "A2648474551"], "author_names": ["S. A. Wainwright", "F. Vosburgh", "J. H. Hebrank"], "reference_ids": ["W2105595651", "W1560068742", "W2169400659", "W2042117385"], "title": "Shark Skin: Function in Locomotion", "abstract": "hydrostatic pressure under the skin of sharks varies with swimming speed. stress in the skin varies with the internal pressure, and the skin stress controls skin stiffness. locomotory muscles attach to the skin which is thus a whole-body exotendon whose mechanical advantage in transmitting muscular contraction is greater than that of the endoskeleton.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 851, "doi": "10.1016/J.MOLCEL.2017.02.018", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_loss_of_liquids", "protect_from_radiation", "protect_from_temperature", "protect_from_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/fulltext/S1097-2765(17)30133-8", "mag_terms": ["cryptobiosis", "desiccation tolerance", "desiccation", "trehalose", "tardigrade", "tardigrada", "intrinsically disordered proteins", "cell biology", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["sharks"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.055555555555555004], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2423086218", "mesh_terms": ["Cell Membrane Permeability", "Insecta", "Lipids", "Models, Theoretical"], "venue_ids": ["V163102221"], "venue_names": ["British Medical Bulletin", "Work of Nature: How the Diversity of Life Sustains Us", "Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2696659819"], "author_names": ["J. W. L. Beament"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "The insect cuticle and membrane structure.", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 852, "doi": "10.2307/1939003", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/1939003", "mag_terms": ["seed dispersal", "frugivore", "biological dispersal", "population", "tityra semifasciata", "amazona autumnalis", "tityra", "amazona farinosa", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2423086218", "mesh_terms": ["Cell Membrane Permeability", "Insecta", "Lipids", "Models, Theoretical"], "venue_ids": ["V163102221"], "venue_names": ["British Medical Bulletin", "Work of Nature: How the Diversity of Life Sustains Us", "Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2696659819"], "author_names": ["J. W. L. Beament"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "The insect cuticle and membrane structure.", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 852, "doi": "10.2307/1939003", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/1939003", "mag_terms": ["seed dispersal", "frugivore", "biological dispersal", "population", "tityra semifasciata", "amazona autumnalis", "tityra", "amazona farinosa", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2134126327", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V77805996"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Adhesion", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2003369584", "A2760993933", "A2146631421", "A1559309629"], "author_names": ["Patrick Flammang", "Aur\u00e9lien Lambert", "Philippe Bailly", "Elise Hennebert"], "reference_ids": ["W140952802", "W2161610542", "W148817304", "W2167178280", "W2036494379", "W2067107344", "W2169484878", "W2001515987", "W1984653773", "W3120719895", "W2949562001", "W2127806194", "W2122051622", "W1992360713", "W1997835441", "W2003141775", "W2102986338", "W2063727049", "W2006167320", "W1986271212", "W2079114027", "W2120311522"], "title": "Polyphosphoprotein-Containing Marine Adhesives", "abstract": "protein phosphorylation is an important regulator of both cellular and extracellular events. recently, protein phosphorylation has also emerged as an important process in biological adhesives. during the last decade, herbert waite and his group have indeed characterized several polyphosphoproteins from the adhesive secretions of two different marine organisms, mussels and tube-building worms. this suggests the possibility that polyphosphoproteins could be important components of several bioadhesives and may, therefore, be widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom. many amino acids can be targets for phosphorylation but only phosphoserine (pser) has been detected to date in marine adhesive proteins. we investigated whether monoclonal antibodies directed against pser could be used to specifically label polyphosphoproteins in marine adhesives. antibodies were applied on histological sections through the foot of the mussel mytilus edulis and through the building organ of the tube-worm sabellaria alveol...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 853, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1109355108", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["process_signals", "individual_benefit"], "level3": ["coordinate_by_self-organization", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/108/46/18726", "mag_terms": ["gambusia", "group cohesiveness", "shoaling and schooling", "motion", "attraction", "k nearest neighbors algorithm", "mosquitofish", "communication", "biology", "fish actinopterygii"], "species": ["mytilus edulis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.023809523809523003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2118292204", "mesh_terms": ["Grooming", "Ranidae", "Toes", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biomimetics", "Friction", "Grooming", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Microspheres", "Ranidae", "Toes", "Trees"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "American Journal of Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2631486172", "A2668231766", "A2162384356"], "author_names": ["Niall A. Crawford", "Thomas Endlein", "W. Jon P. Barnes"], "reference_ids": ["W1989404105", "W2064687564", "W2108560276", "W2164181200", "W2130746874", "W2114147125", "W2137434240", "W2102501940", "W1876131101", "W2139677735", "W2146940732", "W2170132692", "W2012460246", "W1972670812", "W2021155091", "W2006639103", "W2017485976", "W2093582804", "W2118166595", "W1967629986", "W1986235066", "W2161071578"], "title": "Self-cleaning in tree frog toe pads; a mechanism for recovering from contamination without the need for grooming", "abstract": "tree frogs use adhesive toe pads for climbing on a variety of surfaces. they rely on wet adhesion, which is aided by the secretion of mucus. in nature, the pads will undoubtedly get contaminated regularly through usage, but appear to maintain their stickiness over time. here, we show in two experiments that the toe pads of white's tree frogs (litoria caerulea) quickly recover from contamination through a self-cleaning mechanism. we compared adhesive forces prior to and after contamination of (1) the whole animal on a rotatable platform and (2) individual toe pads in restrained frogs mimicking individual steps using a motorised stage. in both cases, the adhesive forces recovered after a few steps but this took significantly longer in single toe pad experiments from restrained frogs, showing that use of the pads increases recovery. we propose that both shear movements and a 'flushing' effect of the secreted mucus play an important role in shedding particles/contaminants.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/215/22/3965.full.pdf", "petalID": 854, "doi": "10.2307/2656954", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["send_signals", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "send_chemical_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2307/2656954", "mag_terms": ["orchidantha", "onthophagus", "dung beetle", "pollination", "nectar", "genus", "carrion", "zingiberales", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["tree frogs", "caerulea", "frogs"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.022727272727272003, 0.09090909090909001], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.25, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2118292204", "mesh_terms": ["Grooming", "Ranidae", "Toes", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biomimetics", "Friction", "Grooming", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Microspheres", "Ranidae", "Toes", "Trees"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "American Journal of Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2631486172", "A2668231766", "A2162384356"], "author_names": ["Niall A. Crawford", "Thomas Endlein", "W. Jon P. Barnes"], "reference_ids": ["W1989404105", "W2064687564", "W2108560276", "W2164181200", "W2130746874", "W2114147125", "W2137434240", "W2102501940", "W1876131101", "W2139677735", "W2146940732", "W2170132692", "W2012460246", "W1972670812", "W2021155091", "W2006639103", "W2017485976", "W2093582804", "W2118166595", "W1967629986", "W1986235066", "W2161071578"], "title": "Self-cleaning in tree frog toe pads; a mechanism for recovering from contamination without the need for grooming", "abstract": "tree frogs use adhesive toe pads for climbing on a variety of surfaces. they rely on wet adhesion, which is aided by the secretion of mucus. in nature, the pads will undoubtedly get contaminated regularly through usage, but appear to maintain their stickiness over time. here, we show in two experiments that the toe pads of white's tree frogs (litoria caerulea) quickly recover from contamination through a self-cleaning mechanism. we compared adhesive forces prior to and after contamination of (1) the whole animal on a rotatable platform and (2) individual toe pads in restrained frogs mimicking individual steps using a motorised stage. in both cases, the adhesive forces recovered after a few steps but this took significantly longer in single toe pad experiments from restrained frogs, showing that use of the pads increases recovery. we propose that both shear movements and a 'flushing' effect of the secreted mucus play an important role in shedding particles/contaminants.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/215/22/3965.full.pdf", "petalID": 854, "doi": "10.2307/2656954", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["send_signals"], "level3": ["send_chemical_signals", "cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2307/2656954", "mag_terms": ["orchidantha", "onthophagus", "dung beetle", "pollination", "nectar", "genus", "carrion", "zingiberales", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["tree frogs", "caerulea", "frogs"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.022727272727272003, 0.09090909090909001], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.25, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1848572169", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V80733542"], "venue_names": ["American Mineralogist", "Chemical Society Reviews"], "author_ids": ["A2120923220", "A2103018829", "A2115679762"], "author_names": ["John W. Moreau", "Richard I. Webb", "Jillian F. Banfield"], "reference_ids": ["W2065208888", "W2136593491", "W1971784141", "W64430575", "W2153227345", "W2464150528", "W2012022925", "W2085413391", "W1521665050", "W2081383679", "W2130561005", "W2141732936", "W2144255471", "W2155885676", "W3108553087", "W152391151", "W1661611782", "W1838729159", "W1967889922", "W2162053719", "W2165859073", "W2026471733", "W2036156538", "W2474102760", "W1976677541", "W1999897987", "W1584485324", "W1704349510", "W1982464289", "W2158570900", "W1607187478", "W1999444738", "W2995177061", "W2034137153", "W2064262034", "W1659507321", "W2012969819", "W1987172133", "W2027721097", "W2048155276", "W2215868366", "W2093735973"], "title": "Ultrastructure, aggregation-state, and crystal growth of biogenic nanocrystalline sphalerite and wurtzite", "abstract": "in this study, we investigated the size, submicrometer-scale structure, and aggregation state of zns formed by sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) in a srb-dominated biofilm growing on degraded wood in cold (tsimilar to8degreesc), circumneutral-ph (7.2-8.5) waters draining from an abandoned, carbonate-hosted pb-zn mine. high-resolution transmission electron microscope (hrtem) data reveal that the earliest biologically induced precipitates are crystalline zns nanoparticles 1-5 nm in diameter. although most nanocrystals have the sphalerite structure, nanocrystals of wurtzite are also present, consistent with a predicted size dependence for zns phase stability. nearly all the nanocrystals are concentrated into 1-5 mum diameter spheroidal aggregates that display concentric banding patterns indicative of episodic precipitation and flocculation. abundant disordered stacking sequences and faceted, porous crystal-aggregate morphologies are consistent with aggregation-driven growth of zns nanocrystals prior to and/or during spheroid formation. spheroids are typically coated by organic polymers or associated with microbial cellular surfaces, and are concentrated roughly into layers within the biofilm. size, shape, structure, degree of crystallinity, and polymer associations will all impact zns solubility, aggregation and coarsening behavior, transport in groundwater, and potential for deposition by sedimentation. results presented here reveal nanometer- to micrometer-scale attributes of biologically induced zns formation likely to be relevant to sequestration via bacterial sulfate reduction (bsr) of other potential contaminant metal(loid)s, such as pb2+, cd2+, as3+ and hg2+, into metal sulfides. the results highlight the importance of basic mineralogical information for accurate prediction and monitoring of long-term contaminant metal mobility and bioavailability in natural and constructed bioremediation systems. our observations also provoke interesting questions regarding the role of size-dependent phase stability in biomineralization and provide new insights into the origin of submicrometer- to millimeter-scale petrographic features observed in low-temperature sedimentary sulfide ore deposits.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 855, "doi": "10.1039/B703021P", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["individual_benefit"], "level3": ["coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2008/CS/b703021p#!divAbstract", "mag_terms": ["quorum sensing", "autoinducer", "gram negative bacteria", "bacteria", "computational biology", "biochemistry", "chemistry", "extramural", "local population"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009345794392523001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1992569301", "mesh_terms": ["Calcium Carbonate", "Tooth", "Animals", "Calcium Carbonate", "Crystallization", "Sea Urchins", "Sea Urchins", "Sea Urchins", "Tooth", "X-Ray Diffraction"], "venue_ids": ["V111155417"], "venue_names": ["Journal of the American Chemical Society", "Functional Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2128228248", "A1997506858", "A2641975899", "A2123368272", "A44219264", "A274687100", "A3037827175", "A2136065051", "A2173585498", "A2444187657", "A3189331401", "A2103690833", "A2472651659", "A2150112188"], "author_names": ["Christopher E. Killian", "Rebecca A. Metzler", "Yutao Gong", "Ian C. Olson", "Joanna Aizenberg", "Yael Politi", "Fred H. Wilt", "Andreas Scholl", "Anthony Young", "Andrew Doran", "Martin Kunz", "Nobumichi Tamura", "Susan Coppersmith", "Pupa U. P. A. Gilbert"], "reference_ids": ["W2027232636", "W2024332607", "W2085570623", "W2092222503", "W2019867710", "W2062278276", "W2158154274", "W2016747358", "W2055083843", "W2079089826", "W2085015653", "W1523519924", "W2032127570", "W2103618209", "W2113845454", "W2155143569", "W1971389155", "W2095142661", "W2054959591", "W1974595472", "W2472150324", "W2059669871", "W2021612601", "W2330668902", "W1971175776", "W2037880236", "W2109207624", "W1967599957", "W2125704002", "W1990454260", "W2039826246", "W2085569036"], "title": "Mechanism of Calcite Co-Orientation in the Sea Urchin Tooth", "abstract": "sea urchin teeth are remarkable and complex calcite structures, continuously growing at the forming end and self-sharpening at the mature grinding tip. the calcite (caco{sub 3}) crystals of tooth components, plates, fibers, and a high-mg polycrystalline matrix, have highly co-oriented crystallographic axes. this ability to co-orient calcite in a mineralized structure is shared by all echinoderms. however, the physico-chemical mechanism by which calcite crystals become co-oriented in echinoderms remains enigmatic. here, we show differences in calcite c-axis orientations in the tooth of the purple sea urchin (strongylocentrotus purpuratus), using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron emission spectromicroscopy (x-peem) and microbeam x-ray diffraction ({mu}xrd). all plates share one crystal orientation, propagated through pillar bridges, while fibers and polycrystalline matrix share another orientation. furthermore, in the forming end of the tooth, we observe that caco{sub 3} is present as amorphous calcium carbonate (acc). we demonstrate that co-orientation of the nanoparticles in the polycrystalline matrix occurs via solid-state secondary nucleation, propagating out from the previously formed fibers and plates, into the amorphous precursor nanoparticles. because amorphous precursors were observed in diverse biominerals, solid-state secondary nucleation is likely to be a general mechanism for the co-orientation of biomineral components in organisms from different phyla.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1014542/m2/1/high_res_d/983508.pdf", "petalID": 856, "doi": "10.1111/J.1365-2435.2009.01632.X", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["send_chemical_signals", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01632.x", "mag_terms": ["nectar", "ant mimicry", "pollinator", "herbivore", "hymenoptera", "aculeata", "pollen", "predation", "ecology", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["strongylocentrotus purpuratus", "purple sea urchin", "echinoderms", "sea urchin"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.03125, 0.015625], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2085967431", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V77805996"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Adhesion", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2026628634", "A2169430196"], "author_names": ["Betsy J. Endrizzi", "Russell J. Stewart"], "reference_ids": ["W2163164501", "W2047245081", "W2064915823", "W2149576640", "W2027834665", "W2124100270", "W1545319228", "W2038578872", "W2087042268", "W1971386496", "W2036494379", "W2184443281", "W2161610542", "W2596402697", "W2132228365", "W2024350113", "W2059503064", "W2026266426", "W1992360713", "W2154443586", "W2087494376", "W2005923125", "W2127806194", "W2001016516", "W2006167320", "W278992421", "W2174964781", "W1971730448", "W2077222284", "W2021032815", "W1528032072", "W243303449", "W1973923019", "W2094519647", "W2134989721", "W2131796587", "W2154577831", "W2161746138", "W1969804558", "W1985669847", "W2022907134"], "title": "Glueomics: An Expression Survey of the Adhesive Gland of the Sandcastle Worm", "abstract": "random clones were sequenced from a cdna library constructed from the adhesive gland of phragmatopoma californica, a marine polycheate that builds protective shells by gluing together sand grains and biogenic mineral fragments. as many as 14 new proteins and two phenoloxidase enzymes were found that may be structural components of or involved in processing the bioadhesive. glue protein classification was based on the following criteria: (i) the presence of predicted secretion signal peptides, (ii) low complexity sequences, (iii) strongly skewed amino acid compositions enriched with g, y, k, h, a, or s, (iv) repeating peptide motifs, and (v) homology to known glue proteins, other structural proteins, or enzymes. the new genes provide probes for further characterization of the adhesive gland as well as potential biotechnological resources and insight.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 857, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2009.0556", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_external_forces"], "level3": ["manage_impact", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2009.0556", "mag_terms": ["digitigrade", "biomechanics", "contact area", "stride", "stiffness", "allometry", "elastic energy", "orders of magnitude", "mechanics", "biology"], "species": ["phragmatopoma californica"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022222222222222], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ {"paper": "W2084136049", "mesh_terms": ["Lizards", "Tongue", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Cold Temperature", "Ecosystem", "Elastic Tissue", "Elastic Tissue", "Feeding Behavior", "Feeding Behavior", "Lizards", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Tongue"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "The Chemistry of Pheromones and other Semiochemicals II", "Journal of Chemical Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2130466335", "A339037029"], "author_names": ["Christopher V. Anderson", "Stephen M. Deban"], "reference_ids": ["W2031520521", "W1927565549", "W2133099885", "W2138200149", "W2237620027", "W2212560615", "W37872590", "W2005899194", "W2046635134", "W2169670258", "W2162706542", "W2149429224", "W1962585309", "W2017859267", "W2137826794", "W2154943950", "W2061740713", "W2143510391", "W2120296627", "W2154551011", "W1985400554", "W1963839947", "W2019664410"], "title": "Ballistic tongue projection in chameleons maintains high performance at low temperature", "abstract": "environmental temperature impacts the physical activity and ecology of ectothermic animals through its effects on muscle contractile physiology. sprinting, swimming, and jumping performance of ectotherms decreases by at least 33% over a 10 \u00b0c drop, accompanied by a similar decline in muscle power. we propose that ballistic movements that are powered by recoil of elastic tissues are less thermally dependent than movements that rely on direct muscular power. we found that an elastically powered movement, ballistic tongue projection in chameleons, maintains high performance over a 20 \u00b0c range. peak velocity and power decline by only 10%\u201319% with a 10 \u00b0c drop, compared to >42% for nonelastic, muscle-powered tongue retraction. these results indicate that the elastic recoil mechanism circumvents the constraints that low temperature imposes on muscle rate properties and thereby reduces the thermal dependence of tongue projection. we propose that organisms that use elastic recoil mechanisms for ecologically important movements such as feeding and locomotion may benefit from an expanded thermal niche.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/107/12/5495.full.pdf", "petalID": 906, "doi": "10.1023/A:1020537319805", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_chemicals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1020537319805", "mag_terms": ["zootermopsis nevadensis", "chemosensory protein", "odorant binding protein", "odorant binding", "termopsidae", "insect", "cloning", "peptide sequence", "biochemistry", "biology", "ecology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W3014839469", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V98424699", "V98424699"], "venue_names": ["Biological Journal of The Linnean Society", "Biological Journal of The Linnean Society", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2122842337"], "author_names": ["Derek W. Dunn"], "reference_ids": ["W2141240652", "W2910454193", "W2990586173", "W1979432293", "W2016197413", "W2035307491", "W2005157062", "W2013797029", "W2063029618", "W2113598355", "W2125537537", "W2136665769", "W2160972734", "W2094374282", "W2114675228", "W2151373485", "W2320892332", "W1602204537", "W1967394339", "W1968203538", "W2012047965", "W2249423927", "W2044446335", "W2243611823", "W2163239516", "W1499700451", "W2131112028", "W2008843423", "W2107524036", "W2147325258", "W1146281496", "W1966609010", "W2009418630", "W2022702551", "W2144693286", "W2151207594", "W1968415792", "W2509584502", "W1964827057", "W2067526022", "W2167680861", "W2780879412", "W1970181030", "W2067177347", "W2324042137", "W1835030526", "W2050122469", "W2143395917", "W2169049088", "W2807237365", "W2018797309", "W2124337033", "W2800497445", "W2120247822", "W2331826865", "W753347244", "W2103504379", "W2119988850", "W1972987182", "W2079304093", "W2151328247", "W1944513151", "W2016241175", "W2017431360", "W2108530133", "W2908818843", "W2916089083", "W200134270", "W2037698877", "W2110047881", "W2626057512", "W2070384221", "W1915482485", "W2170289272", "W2112905065", "W2154368247", "W1625343892", "W1994916606", "W2103434908", "W2403351985", "W2069799563", "W2116403159", "W1881997754", "W1980836942", "W2121606158", "W2173765376", "W2068244645", "W2080176501", "W2107287049", "W2131809460", "W2087173311", "W2094924558", "W1982686184", "W1987202657", "W2025749347"], "title": "Stability in fig tree\u2013fig wasp mutualisms: how to be a cooperative fig wasp", "abstract": "", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-pdf/130/1/1/33166872/blaa027.pdf", "petalID": 907, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1016944108", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/108/23/9356", "mag_terms": ["hummingbird", "plant nectar", "nectar", "foraging", "biomimetics", "tongue", "capillary action", "trap", "mechanics", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2123227231", "mesh_terms": ["Arteries", "Animals", "Aorta", "Aorta", "Arteries", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Blood Pressure", "Collagen", "Collagen", "Elasticity", "Elastin", "Elastin", "Humans", "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular", "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials", "Nature Communications", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World"], "author_ids": ["A703846327"], "author_names": ["Robert E. Shadwick"], "reference_ids": ["W2128531352", "W1972598474", "W2017758598", "W2288587600", "W8385478", "W1946857637", "W1508567503", "W2059107906", "W2146136465", "W2122595781", "W2406441010", "W2079832263", "W62518761", "W2112649498", "W2299008049", "W2153386266", "W2005521863", "W2113031738", "W2053766249", "W2159994931", "W1977789345", "W1957821809", "W1966261139", "W2137757086", "W2324767840", "W1994295507", "W2156780019", "W2295994671", "W2000723973"], "title": "Mechanical design in arteries.", "abstract": "the most important mechanical property of the artery wall is its non-linear elasticity. over the last century, this has been well-documented in vessels in many animals, from humans to lobsters. arteries must be distensible to provide capacitance and pulse-smoothing in the circulation, but they must also be stable to inflation over a range of pressure. these mechanical requirements are met by strain-dependent increases in the elastic modulus of the vascular wall, manifest by a j-shaped stress-strain curve, as typically exhibited by other soft biological tissues. all vertebrates and invertebrates with closed circulatory systems have arteries with this non-linear behaviour, but specific tissue properties vary to give correct function for the physiological pressure range of each species. in all cases, the non-linear elasticity is a product of the parallel arrangement of rubbery and stiff connective tissue elements in the artery wall, and differences in composition and tissue architecture can account for the observed variations in mechanical properties. this phenomenon is most pronounced in large whales, in which very high compliance in the aortic arch and exceptionally low compliance in the descending aorta occur, and is correlated with specific modifications in the arterial structure.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 908, "doi": "10.1088/1748-3182/5/3/035001", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_fracture/rupture", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3182/5/3/035001", "mag_terms": ["toughness", "composite number", "structural material", "ultimate tensile strength", "composite material", "materials science", "materials testing", "model material", "toughening"], "species": ["whale", "whales", "vertebrates", "lobsters", "humans"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016393442622950002, 0.016393442622950002, 0.032786885245901, 0.016393442622950002, 0.016393442622950002], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5]}, - {"paper": "W2130421369", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V152552278", "V152552278"], "venue_names": ["Forestry", "Forestry", "Plant Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2633929901", "A2519179996", "A2631737529"], "author_names": ["CP Quine", "J.W. Humphrey", "R. Ferris"], "reference_ids": ["W2036755200", "W2166722801", "W2471157301", "W2030731670", "W2110851995", "W2118246816", "W2164197594", "W1987388183", "W2163923321", "W2322373881", "W1990330640", "W2083905603", "W2114181376", "W1877601592", "W2006704249", "W2054166874", "W2026266964", "W2047797452", "W844429221", "W1982185224", "W1999068357", "W2319911185", "W221766356", "W1984974371", "W2124800445", "W2312335040", "W2335663788", "W2276772318", "W2327660461", "W2025017336", "W1982757024", "W2007830877", "W2011422127", "W2144865218", "W2523523914", "W2042559968", "W2519133819", "W1981593285", "W2007424028", "W2066092210", "W2085021501", "W2319032873", "W1964647122", "W2024955908", "W1999722577", "W2032491933", "W2109653395", "W2568623036", "W1574672967", "W2086941309", "W1939827918", "W2169901554", "W639307521", "W814826387", "W1561387878", "W2087575621", "W2060516248", "W2060793884", "W2172115557", "W2758351970", "W2902216116", "W1795416548", "W2017724555", "W2065251059", "W2785087742", "W2086745106", "W2157786599", "W2619998663", "W3034081974", "W1549351030", "W1583459713", "W2100329717", "W2481920744", "W2068895676", "W2252434332", "W2473286961", "W2608583690", "W2094776271", "W2016679990", "W2060750352", "W2323749920", "W2503470393", "W74540536", "W2315197170", "W2328661062", "W2782070616", "W1556636947", "W2011185703", "W2089494867", "W2328891819", "W596214412", "W2019136926", "W2048538419", "W2104925763", "W2621600190"], "title": "Should the wind disturbance patterns observed in natural forests be mimicked in planted forests in the British uplands", "abstract": "summary recent developments in uk forestry policy require the adoption of management practices that maintain and improve the biodiversity of managed forests. one approach is to use natural disturbance in unmanaged forests as a template for setting the scale, frequency and pattern of forest operations in managed forests. this review considers the relevance of this approach for conifer plantations in upland britain. the dynamics of british planted forests are compared with the disturbance dynamics of analogous natural forests with particular reference to disturbance by strong winds. western hemlock\u2010sitka spruce (tsuga heterophylla\u2010picea sitchensis) forests in the pacific north-west of north america and particularly south-east alaska provide the most promising comparison. there are few reports on disturbance in these forests, but the regime includes both gap-phase and stand replacement dynamics due to wind. however, the landscape proportion and pattern of resulting structural types are not well defined. the dynamics of planted forests in britain are dominated by rotational patch clearfelling which results in regular stand replacement and little possibility of the stands developing beyond the stage of stem exclusion towards old-growth. the pattern and timing of felling is driven by economic and visual amenity considerations rather than by an attempt to mimic natural disturbance patterns. moreover, the structural complexity and remnant elements (such as deadwood, large trees, vegetation patches) left after large scale disturbance are rarely found after conventional timber harvesting. the authors conclude that natural wind disturbance regimes have potential as a reference point for management in british upland forests but at present are not relevant as a model to mimic explicitly. this is because the biodiversity benefits of adopting a \u2018natural\u2019 approach in planted forests are unclear compared with management guided by other criteria such as rarity. furthermore, the spatial and temporal pattern to be mimicked is not sufficiently well understood. improved knowledge could inform decisions on the scale and distribution of harvesting across a landscape, and modify silvicultural operations to create and maintain the structures and patterns associated with natural disturbance. however, further research is needed to quantify the spatial and temporal characteristics of wind disturbance in upland forests in britain and in natural forests elsewhere.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://academic.oup.com/forestry/article-pdf/72/4/337/6746187/720337.pdf", "petalID": 909, "doi": "10.1104/PP.123.1.29", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/123/1/29", "mag_terms": ["elysia", "sacoglossa", "elysia chlorotica", "kleptoplasty", "elysia viridis", "vaucheria litorea", "elysia timida", "chloroplast", "botany", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2130421369", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V152552278", "V152552278"], "venue_names": ["Forestry", "Forestry", "Plant Physiology"], "author_ids": ["A2633929901", "A2519179996", "A2631737529"], "author_names": ["CP Quine", "J.W. Humphrey", "R. Ferris"], "reference_ids": ["W2036755200", "W2166722801", "W2471157301", "W2030731670", "W2110851995", "W2118246816", "W2164197594", "W1987388183", "W2163923321", "W2322373881", "W1990330640", "W2083905603", "W2114181376", "W1877601592", "W2006704249", "W2054166874", "W2026266964", "W2047797452", "W844429221", "W1982185224", "W1999068357", "W2319911185", "W221766356", "W1984974371", "W2124800445", "W2312335040", "W2335663788", "W2276772318", "W2327660461", "W2025017336", "W1982757024", "W2007830877", "W2011422127", "W2144865218", "W2523523914", "W2042559968", "W2519133819", "W1981593285", "W2007424028", "W2066092210", "W2085021501", "W2319032873", "W1964647122", "W2024955908", "W1999722577", "W2032491933", "W2109653395", "W2568623036", "W1574672967", "W2086941309", "W1939827918", "W2169901554", "W639307521", "W814826387", "W1561387878", "W2087575621", "W2060516248", "W2060793884", "W2172115557", "W2758351970", "W2902216116", "W1795416548", "W2017724555", "W2065251059", "W2785087742", "W2086745106", "W2157786599", "W2619998663", "W3034081974", "W1549351030", "W1583459713", "W2100329717", "W2481920744", "W2068895676", "W2252434332", "W2473286961", "W2608583690", "W2094776271", "W2016679990", "W2060750352", "W2323749920", "W2503470393", "W74540536", "W2315197170", "W2328661062", "W2782070616", "W1556636947", "W2011185703", "W2089494867", "W2328891819", "W596214412", "W2019136926", "W2048538419", "W2104925763", "W2621600190"], "title": "Should the wind disturbance patterns observed in natural forests be mimicked in planted forests in the British uplands", "abstract": "summary recent developments in uk forestry policy require the adoption of management practices that maintain and improve the biodiversity of managed forests. one approach is to use natural disturbance in unmanaged forests as a template for setting the scale, frequency and pattern of forest operations in managed forests. this review considers the relevance of this approach for conifer plantations in upland britain. the dynamics of british planted forests are compared with the disturbance dynamics of analogous natural forests with particular reference to disturbance by strong winds. western hemlock\u2010sitka spruce (tsuga heterophylla\u2010picea sitchensis) forests in the pacific north-west of north america and particularly south-east alaska provide the most promising comparison. there are few reports on disturbance in these forests, but the regime includes both gap-phase and stand replacement dynamics due to wind. however, the landscape proportion and pattern of resulting structural types are not well defined. the dynamics of planted forests in britain are dominated by rotational patch clearfelling which results in regular stand replacement and little possibility of the stands developing beyond the stage of stem exclusion towards old-growth. the pattern and timing of felling is driven by economic and visual amenity considerations rather than by an attempt to mimic natural disturbance patterns. moreover, the structural complexity and remnant elements (such as deadwood, large trees, vegetation patches) left after large scale disturbance are rarely found after conventional timber harvesting. the authors conclude that natural wind disturbance regimes have potential as a reference point for management in british upland forests but at present are not relevant as a model to mimic explicitly. this is because the biodiversity benefits of adopting a \u2018natural\u2019 approach in planted forests are unclear compared with management guided by other criteria such as rarity. furthermore, the spatial and temporal pattern to be mimicked is not sufficiently well understood. improved knowledge could inform decisions on the scale and distribution of harvesting across a landscape, and modify silvicultural operations to create and maintain the structures and patterns associated with natural disturbance. however, further research is needed to quantify the spatial and temporal characteristics of wind disturbance in upland forests in britain and in natural forests elsewhere.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://academic.oup.com/forestry/article-pdf/72/4/337/6746187/720337.pdf", "petalID": 909, "doi": "10.1104/PP.123.1.29", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/123/1/29", "mag_terms": ["elysia", "sacoglossa", "elysia chlorotica", "kleptoplasty", "elysia viridis", "vaucheria litorea", "elysia timida", "chloroplast", "botany", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2413911531", "mesh_terms": ["Cartilage, Articular", "Collagen", "Heel", "Tendons", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Cartilage, Articular", "Cartilage, Articular", "Collagen", "Collagen", "Heel", "Humans", "Tendons", "Tendons", "Tensile Strength", "Weight-Bearing"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2007115856"], "author_names": ["R. F. Ker"], "reference_ids": ["W1978947795", "W2260033608", "W2436263620", "W2058721833", "W2077002165", "W2010293431", "W2039908215", "W1928234825", "W2015643390", "W1934081562", "W2797931719", "W633676650", "W1885116750", "W2013244204", "W2046522457", "W2071909378", "W2135966421", "W2397608664", "W1552748304", "W2170906116", "W153197614", "W1546028025", "W2013361845", "W2065429536", "W1947201679", "W2034648034", "W2146600611", "W2412608026", "W2087418982", "W78871844", "W82642549", "W2044088186", "W2060452810", "W2065382062", "W2056244309", "W2141489905", "W2129727213", "W2165472267", "W1965045947", "W2152637989"], "title": "The design of soft collagenous load-bearing tissues", "abstract": "tendon, articular cartilage and the human heel pad are all soft load-bearing collagenous tissues but are designed according to utterly different micromechanical principles. tendon is (probably) a fibre-reinforced composite material. the mechanical properties of cartilage depend on osmotic pressure developed within an aqueous proteoglycan gel and resisted by tension in a collagenous network. the micromechanics of the heel pad have not previously been described quantitatively. order-of-magnitude calculations are introduced to assess a model based on a fluid-filled cushion. the processes of biological design are illustrated by considering tendon. structural design determines the tendon's cross-sectional area relative to that of its muscle and, hence, the maximum stress to which the tendon may be subjected in life. stress-in-life varies widely between tendons. material design includes the development of compressive stiffness in the regions where transverse loads arise. more generally, the fatigue quality of each tendon is adjusted to suit its stress-in-life. the correlation between fatigue quality and stress-in-life means that every tendon is subject, on average, to a comparable rate of fatigue damage. homeostasis requires that routine repair can keep up with this rate of damage.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-pdf/202/23/3315/1235952/3315.pdf", "petalID": 910, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0062682", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_temporarily"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0062682", "mag_terms": ["scopulae", "convergent evolution", "predation", "claw", "spider", "adaptation", "biodiversity", "seta", "ecology", "zoology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2135279699", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V2254258"], "venue_names": ["Annals of Botany", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "Biological Reviews"], "author_ids": ["A2084787029"], "author_names": ["A.R. Ennos"], "reference_ids": ["W2061126339", "W2093963640"], "title": "The Mechanics of the Flower Stem of the Sedge Carex acutiformis", "abstract": "the mechanics of the triangular stems of carex acutiformis was investigated by subjecting sections to bending and torsional tests. the stem was rigid in bending, being stiffened peripherally by lignified material around the vascular bundles, but because of its triangular shape it was vulnerable to local buckling. despite being and narrow the stem was able to support the seed head, though it sagged appreciably towards the tip. in contrast the stem had very low torsional rigidity, both because of its triangular shape because the strands of lignified material were isolated from each other. in its lowland habitat this allows the drooping stem to twist away from the light winds, so reducing drag and the chances of self-fertilization. this method of reconfiguring is not possible in the shorter, stiffer mountain sedges which must withstand higher winds; many therefore have more circular stems which will be more efficient at resisting bending.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 911, "doi": "10.1111/J.1469-185X.2009.00110.X", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00110.x", "mag_terms": ["axoneme", "dynein", "thrust", "microtubule", "flagellum", "beat", "recoil", "cilium", "classical mechanics", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["sedges", "carex", "carex acutiformis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.027777777777777003, 0.027777777777777003, 0.027777777777777003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2125185147", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V68911691"], "venue_names": ["Chemistry: A European Journal", "The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature", "Copeia", "Introduction to the Horned Lizards of North America"], "author_ids": ["A44219264", "A2137282678", "A313134401", "A952843763", "A2125122478", "A121854791"], "author_names": ["Joanna Aizenberg", "Jonathan C. Hanson", "Thomas F. Koetzle", "Leslie Leiserowitz", "Stephen Weiner", "Lia Addadi"], "reference_ids": ["W638328430", "W2037292859", "W2916080801", "W2093022173", "W2026956754", "W1877847020", "W2066774031", "W1560068742", "W1979475741", "W2063720557", "W2075739503", "W2090718414", "W2062278276", "W2087693131", "W2159400457", "W2049854641", "W2077814983", "W2949761381", "W1997833620", "W2111362345", "W1993487107", "W1746191153", "W2085891680", "W2122242237", "W1979541464", "W2041218763", "W1999410090", "W2090166871", "W2108299019", "W603880172", "W2000516587", "W1979076321", "W1999471250", "W2018620804", "W2162211801", "W2037714018", "W2065688147", "W2122920306"], "title": "Biologically Induced Reduction in Symmetry: A Study of Crystal Texture of Calcitic Sponge Spicules", "abstract": "organisms can exert a remark- able degree of control over crystal growth. one way of achieving this is by the ad- sorption of specialized macromolecules on specific planes of the growing crystals. with continued growth of the crystal, the macromolecules are incorporated inside the crystal bulk. their presence does not change the crystal structure, but creates discontinuities in the perfect lattice. here we study in detail three unusual cases of reduction in symmetry at the level of crys- tal domain shapes, induced by this con- trolled intercalation. we examined sponge spicules, which are single crystals of mg- bearing calcite. they were specifically chosen for this study, because their mor- phologies do not reflect the hexagonal symmetry of calcite. their crystal textures (coherence lengths and angular spreads) were characterized by high-resolution x- ray diffraction with well-collimated syn- chrotron radiation. the results are com- pared to analogous studies of synthetic calcite and mg-bearing calcite. in all the selected spicules reduction in symmetry is observed in the coherence lengths among symmetry-related crystallographic direc- tions. the reconstructed shapes of the do- mains of perfect structure closely match the specific spicule morphologies. the synthetic crystals show no such reduction in symmetry. although the manner by which such exquisite control is achieved is not known, we envisage it involving a combination of oriented nucleation with either physical or stereochemically driven adsorption.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 912, "doi": "10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[1114:BSVIHL]2.0.CO;2", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals", "expel_liquids", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://bioone.org/journals/copeia/volume-2001/issue-4/0045-8511(2001)001%5b1114%3aBSVIHL%5d2.0.CO%3b2/Blood-Squirting-Variability-in-Horned-Lizards-Phrynosoma/10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[1114:BSVIHL]2.0.CO;2.short", "mag_terms": ["phrynosoma platyrhinos", "phrynosoma mcallii", "phrynosoma modestum", "phrynosoma ditmarsi", "genus", "synapomorphy", "clade", "zoology", "phylogenetics", "biology"], "species": ["ray"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014705882352941001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ {"paper": "W1251708405", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Physiological", "Plants", "Sodium Chloride", "Vacuoles", "Acid Phosphatase", "Acid Phosphatase", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Adaptation, Physiological", "Avicennia", "Avicennia", "Avicennia", "Cells, Cultured", "Hordeum", "Hordeum", "Hordeum", "Osmotic Pressure", "Osmotic Pressure", "Peas", "Peas", "Peas", "Plant Development", "Plants", "Sodium Chloride", "Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases", "Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases", "Vacuoles", "Vacuoles", "Vacuoles"], "venue_ids": ["V193523036"], "venue_names": ["Planta", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A1994624628", "A90732329", "A1973966108", "A2127887068", "A2601205141", "A2149406875", "A2567573565", "A1887876786", "A30660949"], "author_names": ["Tetsuro Mimura", "Mariko Kura-Hotta", "Tomoko Tsujimura", "Miwa Ohnishi", "Makiko Miura", "Yoshiji Okazaki", "Mari Mimura", "Masayoshi Maeshima", "Setsuko Washitani-Nemoto"], "reference_ids": ["W2023415094", "W1918260619", "W1989641787", "W1582972914", "W1971676318", "W2151214668", "W2080396964", "W1992722398", "W1997301069", "W2038052366", "W2110627230", "W2134319614", "W2138746846", "W1990606386", "W2157485602", "W1989739896", "W2022467683", "W2125219010", "W2219748457", "W1996763233", "W2086310273", "W2165690236", "W2002729096", "W2070095486", "W2137898405"], "title": "Rapid increase of vacuolar volume in response to salt stress", "abstract": "suspension-cultured cells of mangrove [bruguiera sexangula (lour.) poir.] showed a rapid increase in vacuolar volume under salt stress, although there was no change in the cell volume. the rapid increase in the vacuolar volume was an active process, which followed the activation of the tonoplast h(+)-atpase and the vacuolar acid phosphatase. the same phenomenon was observed in barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. doriru) root meristematic cells under salt stress but not in pea ( pisum sativum l.). increases in vacuolar volume could potentially protect the cytoplasm by decreasing the cytoplasmic volume during the initial phases of salt stress.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 915, "doi": "10.1038/NATURE02435", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature02435", "mag_terms": ["lamnidae", "convergent evolution", "vertebrate", "thunnus", "scombridae", "chondrichthyes", "adaptation", "pelagic zone", "evolutionary biology", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["barley", "hordeum vulgare", "pea", "pisum sativum", "hordeum", "bruguiera sexangula"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.021739130434782, 0.021739130434782, 0.021739130434782, 0.0, 0.021739130434782, 0.021739130434782], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2167877584", "mesh_terms": ["Ecosystem", "Genome, Bacterial", "Genomics", "Peptococcaceae", "Water Microbiology", "Ammonia", "Ammonia", "Carbon", "Carbon", "Genes, Bacterial", "Genomics", "Gold", "Mining", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Movement", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Peptococcaceae", "Peptococcaceae", "Peptococcaceae", "Peptococcaceae", "Phylogeny", "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "South Africa", "Spores, Bacterial", "Spores, Bacterial", "Sulfates", "Sulfates", "Temperature"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science"], "author_ids": ["A2008826958", "A2154064584", "A2105418373", "A2171206707", "A28501081", "A1994599594", "A1742407429", "A2092554599", "A2305104963", "A2308293613", "A2306721052", "A2134517984", "A1544896522", "A2015517624", "A2111579642", "A2098327223", "A1992336690", "A299285786", "A2499302222", "A113415428"], "author_names": ["Dylan Chivian", "Eoin L. Brodie", "Eric J. Alm", "David E. Culley", "Paramvir S. Dehal", "Todd Z. DeSantis", "Thomas M. Gihring", "Alla Lapidus", "Li-Hung Lin", "Stephen Lowry", "Duane P. Moser", "Paul G. Richardson", "Gordon Southam", "Greg Wanger", "Lisa M. Pratt", "Gary L. Andersen", "Terry C. Hazen", "Fred J. Brockman", "Adam P. Arkin", "Tullis C. Onstott"], "reference_ids": ["W2038788794", "W2126809954", "W2002973793", "W2087671769", "W2093830129", "W2124637227", "W2046998156", "W2003785769", "W1658117958", "W1998771212", "W2007953820", "W2015197688", "W1988654243", "W2113601822", "W2169244146", "W2116575939", "W2016842763", "W2027254471", "W2088570987", "W2124681451", "W2109725003", "W1989898904", "W2113350312", "W2031774632", "W2116471244", "W2141929300"], "title": "Environmental genomics reveals a single-species ecosystem deep within Earth.", "abstract": "dna from low-biodiversity fracture water collected at 2.8-kilometer depth in a south african gold mine was sequenced and assembled into a single, complete genome. this bacterium, candidatus desulforudis audaxviator, composes >99.9% of the microorganisms inhabiting the fluid phase of this particular fracture. its genome indicates a motile, sporulating, sulfate-reducing, chemoautotrophic thermophile that can fix its own nitrogen and carbon by using machinery shared with archaea. candidatus desulforudis audaxviator is capable of an independent life-style well suited to long-term isolation from the photosphere deep within earth's crust and offers an example of a natural ecosystem that appears to have its biological component entirely encoded within a single genome.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:303585/UQ303585_OA.pdf", "petalID": 916, "doi": "10.1016/J.TOXICON.2008.04.163", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_chemicals", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437917/", "mag_terms": ["calloselasma rhodostoma", "envenomation", "virginia opossum", "venomous snake", "didelphis", "venom", "antihemorrhagic", "ophidia", "zoology", "biology", "ecology"], "species": ["candidatus desulforudis audaxviator", "candidatus desulforudis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.068965517241379, 0.068965517241379], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2132426860", "mesh_terms": ["Birds", "Femur", "Mammals", "Stress, Mechanical", "Alligators and Crocodiles", "Alligators and Crocodiles", "Alligators and Crocodiles", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Birds", "Birds", "Body Weight", "Femur", "Femur", "Finite Element Analysis", "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Mammals", "Mammals", "Species Specificity", "X-Ray Microtomography", "X-Ray Microtomography"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Journal of Theoretical Biology"], "author_ids": ["A1996083103", "A1356136959", "A1985004690", "A2265779126", "A2946695129"], "author_names": ["Michael Doube", "Micha\u0142 M. K\u0142osowski", "Alexis Wiktorowicz-Conroy", "John R. Hutchinson", "Sandra J. Shefelbine"], "reference_ids": ["W2056581871", "W2229412420", "W1966035687", "W2030393790", "W2079930781", "W2013410948", "W2042090589", "W2149242702", "W2418875360", "W2107555182", "W2119260571", "W2135587550", "W2150019829", "W2398882337", "W1499123984", "W2025336189", "W1964983194", "W1993467351", "W2611511275", "W2036507321", "W2166794716", "W2156755609", "W1974395735", "W2095834851", "W2336177249", "W2000175914", "W2003508313", "W2043145184", "W2079285691", "W2086859574", "W2065889397", "W2073269056", "W2131406690", "W3203441888", "W2009157961", "W2009809789", "W2003748886", "W2117066938", "W2081989536", "W2087378917", "W1589958201", "W2013639983", "W2113073376", "W1978557909", "W2055667566", "W2103378167", "W2003199459", "W2081555343", "W2116460016", "W2248934614", "W2272329979", "W1964055914", "W2052448941", "W2170150434"], "title": "Trabecular bone scales allometrically in mammals and birds", "abstract": "many bones are supported internally by a latticework of trabeculae. scaling of whole bone length and diameter has been extensively investigated, but scaling of the trabecular network is not well characterized. we analysed trabecular geometry in the femora of 90 terrestrial mammalian and avian species with body masses ranging from 3 g to 3400 kg. we found that bone volume fraction does not scale substantially with animal size, while trabeculae in larger animals' femora are thicker, further apart and fewer per unit volume than in smaller animals. finite element modelling indicates that trabecular scaling does not alter the bulk stiffness of trabecular bone, but does alter strain within trabeculae under equal applied loads. allometry of bone's trabecular tissue may contribute to the skeleton's ability to withstand load, without incurring the physiological or mechanical costs of increasing bone mass.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/278/1721/3067.full.pdf", "petalID": 917, "doi": "10.1006/JTBI.1999.0959", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022519399909591?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["heat transfer coefficient", "heat transfer", "thermal conductivity", "convection", "thermal transmittance", "uniform distribution", "feather", "thermodynamics", "physics", "standard theory"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, - {"paper": "W2055589848", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V96743589"], "venue_names": ["Marine Ecology Progress Series", "BioScience", "Ecology", "Ecosystem Management"], "author_ids": ["A2343219650", "A1970812435", "A2169127502"], "author_names": ["Symon A. Dworjanyn", "R. de Nys", "Peter D. Steinberg"], "reference_ids": ["W2072401088", "W2077858387", "W2002041120", "W2045782804", "W2052956504", "W2995372372", "W1595503624", "W2043769410", "W2050097582", "W2045925035", "W1971144395", "W2080982806", "W2137544332", "W2099452066", "W658853795", "W2028891004", "W2005329623", "W2145418264", "W2010946984", "W2114023091", "W2147664587", "W563562754", "W2060699526", "W2042401931", "W2077627110", "W3146000892", "W2082447088", "W2073852064", "W2063333898", "W2057203462"], "title": "Chemically mediated antifouling in the red alga Delisea pulchra", "abstract": "using laboratory assays, we tested whether the secondary metabolites (furanones) on the surface of the red alga delisea pulchra deter the settlement and growth of a range of ecologically relevant fouling organisms. d. pulchra and 4 other co-occurring seaweeds were almost exclusively fouled by other algae. consequently, we carried out laboratory assays using propagules from 4 fouling algae (ulva sp., ceramium sp., polysiphonia sp. and ectocarpus siliculosis) representing the natural fouling community. the crude surface extract of d. pulchra at the same concentration as on the surface of the plant, the furanone fraction of this extract, and pure furnaones, deterred the settlement of fouling organisms in ecologically relevant assays. these data, coupled with knowledge of the surface concentration of furanones on d. pulchra and a mechanism by which furanones are sequestered onto the surface of the plant, provide a rigorous demonstration of chemically mediated antifouling.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2006/318/m318p153.pdf", "petalID": 918, "doi": "10.1007/978-1-4612-4018-1_14", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4612-4018-1_14", "mag_terms": ["ecosystem engineer", "mutualism", "abiotic component", "niche construction", "interspecific competition", "keystone species", "organism", "ecological inheritance", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["delisea pulchra", "ceramium sp.", "ulva sp."], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018518518518518, 0.018518518518518, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 0.0]}, + {"paper": "W2055589848", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V96743589"], "venue_names": ["Marine Ecology Progress Series", "BioScience", "Ecology", "Ecosystem Management"], "author_ids": ["A2343219650", "A1970812435", "A2169127502"], "author_names": ["Symon A. 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Raghukumar"], "reference_ids": ["W1965304545"], "title": "Barotolerance of fungi isolated from deep-sea sediments of the Indian Ocean", "abstract": "two species of filamentous fungi, aspergiuus ustus (bain.) thom & church and graphium sp., were isolated from calcareous animal shells at depths of 860 m in the arabian sea and 965 m in the bay of bengal. laboratory experiments showed germination of conidia, growth of hyphae and microconidiation in both the fungi at 100 bar pressure at 10 and 30\u00b0c suggesting barotolerance the fungi also secreted barotolerant protease under these conditions. protease synthesised and secreted in cultures grown at 1 bar was also active under 100 bar pressure at 10 and 30\u00b0c. at 1o0c, the fungi showed better conidial germination, growth and protease secretion when subjected to 100 bar than when grown at 1 atmosphere. the results indicate barotolerance of terrestrial species of fungl and suggest that they might be active under deep-sea conditions.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/ame/15/a015p153.pdf", "petalID": 919, "doi": "10.1016/0022-0981(92)90238-6", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_temporarily", "attach_permanently"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022098192902386?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["lottia", "intertidal zone", "lottia digitalis", "limpet", "gastropoda", "lottia pelta", "lottia gigantea", "mollusca", "oceanography", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["graphium"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022222222222222], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2134808133", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Physiological Phenomena", "Fimbriae, Bacterial", "Locomotion", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Bacteria", "Fimbriae Proteins", "Fimbriae, Bacterial", "Fimbriae, Bacterial", "Intercellular Junctions", "Intercellular Junctions", "Intercellular Junctions", "Membrane Proteins", "Membrane Proteins", "Membrane Proteins", "Models, Molecular", "Protein Conformation", "Surface-Active Agents", "Surface-Active Agents"], "venue_ids": ["V128425624"], "venue_names": ["Current Biology", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2128808997", "A223741258"], "author_names": ["Alexey J. Merz", "Katrina T. Forest"], "reference_ids": ["W2060772988", "W1984921719", "W2053211842", "W2156001580", "W1980330370", "W1972586262", "W2071075943", "W2111719241", "W2122682352", "W2016086302", "W2015507578", "W2020002410", "W1969886111", "W1512810258", "W1514839820", "W1809761089", "W2036953653", "W2056613088", "W2083498141", "W2087606064", "W2151290342", "W1546623355", "W2019500447", "W2061440509", "W2006668901", "W2027202090", "W2041219481", "W1516724217", "W2055031584", "W2079175432", "W2086955190", "W2148839944", "W2035469525", "W1513735429", "W2100220022", "W1990258497", "W2046305392", "W2152093372", "W1980604167", "W2022762682", "W2062759938", "W1583290731", "W2052937897", "W2133966658", "W1992425845", "W1994754091", "W2112541177", "W1581151139", "W1964568191", "W2009439307", "W2011581454", "W2114764364", "W1502937395", "W2016158447", "W2035622803", "W2040854131", "W1558787692", "W2001552956", "W2066537459", "W2101179640", "W2121712357", "W2036445018", "W1973919619", "W2081305809", "W2129797995", "W2145819104", "W2150081979", "W1977904332", "W2135819136", "W2043154103", "W2087558493", "W625078992", "W2018411801", "W2058041522", "W2086247605"], "title": "Bacterial Surface Motility: Slime Trails, Grappling Hooks and Nozzles", "abstract": "we thank n. bose, k. collins, r. brennan, t. economou, h. higgs, m. koomey, g. o'toole, m. sheetz, j. skerker, r. taylor, and t. yahr for critical discussion of the ideas in this review. we apologize to colleagues whose work was not cited due to space constraints. a.j.m. is supported by fellowship drg\u20131598 of the cancer research fund of the damon runyon-walter winchell foundation. k.t.f. is supported by the nih (gm59721) and the w.m. keck foundation.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0960982202008060/pdf", "petalID": 920, "doi": "10.1088/1748-3182/6/1/016003", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_external_forces"], "level3": ["manage_impact"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3182/6/1/016003", "mag_terms": ["woodpecker", "shock", "vibration", "head", "viscoelasticity", "mechanism", "structural engineering", "materials science", "mechanical vibration", "skull bone"], "species": ["cancer"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.026315789473684], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2027425031", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Adhesion", "Caulobacter crescentus", "Bacterial Adhesion", "Caulobacter crescentus", "Caulobacter crescentus", "Caulobacter crescentus", "Microscopy, Atomic Force", "Microscopy, Fluorescence", "Sensitivity and Specificity"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Molecular BioSystems", "Current Opinion in Plant Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2538277361", "A2095854394", "A2122733913", "A2519313944", "A2140879528"], "author_names": ["Peter H. Tsang", "Guanglai Li", "Yves V. Brun", "L. Ben Freund", "Jay X. Tang"], "reference_ids": ["W2112394563", "W2032899436", "W2104800206", "W1493549875", "W2151431807", "W2027975699", "W1967012511", "W1998465978", "W2001625690", "W2037170319", "W1676421722", "W2086690025", "W1946826587", "W2017505769", "W2035703000", "W2089937865", "W2102501940", "W2185281973", "W2036220014", "W2023927249", "W2159547452", "W1828346848", "W2053569890", "W2030732731", "W1936606969", "W2155906662", "W2171393290", "W2093723609", "W2155628519"], "title": "Adhesion of single bacterial cells in the micronewton range", "abstract": "the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces plays critical roles in the environment, disease, and industry. in aquatic environments, caulobacter crescentus is one of the first colonizers of submerged surfaces. using a micromanipulation technique, we measured the adhesion force of single c. crescentus cells attached to borosilicate substrates through their adhesive holdfast. the detachment forces measured for 14 cells ranged over 0.11 to 2.26 micron, averaging 0.59 +/- 0.62 micron. based on the calculation of stress distribution with the finite element analysis method (dividing an object into small grids and calculating relevant parameters for all of the elements), the adhesion strength between the holdfast and the substrate is >68 n/mm(2) in the central region of contact. to our knowledge, this strength of adhesion is the strongest ever measured for biological adhesives.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/103/15/5764.full.pdf", "petalID": 921, "doi": "10.1016/J.PBI.2004.05.008", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526604000743?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["quorum sensing", "n acyl homoserine lactone", "bacteria", "cell biology", "microbiology", "biology", "biological modeling", "carboxylic ester hydrolases", "n acyl homoserine lactonase"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022222222222222], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, @@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ {"paper": "W2083812029", "mesh_terms": ["Escape Reaction", "Moths", "Animals", "Chiroptera", "Chiroptera", "Echolocation", "Flight, Animal", "Moths", "Predatory Behavior", "Risk-Taking"], "venue_ids": ["V202381698"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "PLOS ONE", "Weird Nature: An Astonishing Exploration of Nature's Strangest Behavior", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Journal of Experimental Zoology", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A2107141406", "A2537058061", "A1849338226"], "author_names": ["Aaron J. Corcoran", "Ryan D. Wagner", "William E. Conner"], "reference_ids": ["W51660593", "W2049143054", "W2115990255", "W1585086945", "W2051916214", "W2070580560", "W2079586877", "W2140329332", "W2148596484", "W2156788234", "W2165544345", "W2041027404", "W2079918494", "W2156011627", "W2608799023", "W657485465", "W2016180764", "W2120426980", "W2141259449", "W2023149149", "W2149431106", "W2137542361", "W3161349176", "W1500133322", "W2113633867", "W2047433107", "W2050027571", "W2165111556", "W2169865051", "W3086315876", "W2088196478", "W1985042921", "W2101661159", "W2158982489", "W2273176042", "W173207622", "W1935268445", "W1484864026", "W2063604293", "W2162770277", "W2168669462", "W2290888401", "W1518897246", "W1534994188", "W2582743722", "W2006615778", "W1969114975", "W2152143053", "W2011783526", "W2079160773", "W2170474175", "W1966176269", "W2020310458", "W2099941054", "W2119266954", "W2149445822", "W2312277121", "W2085856324", "W2148056097", "W3020890298", "W2026850129", "W2139160204", "W2155653793"], "title": "Optimal Predator Risk Assessment by the Sonar-Jamming Arctiine Moth Bertholdia trigona", "abstract": "nearly all animals face a tradeoff between seeking food and mates and avoiding predation. optimal escape theory holds that an animal confronted with a predator should only flee when benefits of flight (increased survival) outweigh the costs (energetic costs, lost foraging time, etc.). we propose a model for prey risk assessment based on the predator's stage of attack. risk level should increase rapidly from when the predator detects the prey to when it commits to the attack. we tested this hypothesis using a predator \u2013 the echolocating bat \u2013 whose active biosonar reveals its stage of attack. we used a prey defense \u2013 clicking used for sonar jamming by the tiger moth bertholdia trigona\u2013 that can be readily studied in the field and laboratory and is enacted simultaneously with evasive flight. we predicted that prey employ defenses soon after being detected and targeted, and that prey defensive thresholds discriminate between legitimate predatory threats and false threats where a nearby prey is attacked. laboratory and field experiments using playbacks of ultrasound signals and naturally behaving bats, respectively, confirmed our predictions. moths clicked soon after bats detected and targeted them. also, b. trigona clicking thresholds closely matched predicted optimal thresholds for discriminating legitimate and false predator threats for bats using search and approach phase echolocation \u2013 the period when bats are searching for and assessing prey. to our knowledge, this is the first quantitative study to correlate the sensory stimuli that trigger defensive behaviors with measurements of signals provided by predators during natural attacks in the field. we propose theoretical models for explaining prey risk assessment depending on the availability of cues that reveal a predator's stage of attack.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0063609&type=printable", "petalID": 933, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0910778107", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "active_movement"], "level3": ["regulate_wear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/107/12/5495", "mag_terms": ["elastic recoil", "jumping", "recoil", "ectotherm", "tongue", "drop", "biomechanics", "projection", "mechanics", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["moths", "tiger", "bats"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010869565217391, 0.010869565217391, 0.043478260869565], "relative_relevancy": [0.25, 0.25, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1992941941", "mesh_terms": ["Bees", "Flight, Animal", "Wings, Animal", "Animals", "Bees", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Flight, Animal", "Helium", "Models, Theoretical", "Oxygen", "Video Recording", "Wings, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V127706618"], "venue_names": ["Physiological and Biochemical Zoology", "PLOS Biology", "Royal Society Open Science", "Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society", "Oikos"], "author_ids": ["A2132889626", "A1966541156", "A2102438319", "A2266796342", "A2226770031"], "author_names": ["Jason T. Vance", "Douglas L. Altshuler", "William B. Dickson", "Michael H. Dickinson", "Stephen P. Roberts"], "reference_ids": ["W2041167909", "W2126619186", "W3172388498", "W1987996887", "W2012323430", "W2335058818", "W2128634022", "W2141171617", "W1981219763", "W2134205932", "W2063896696", "W2045343226", "W2081120018", "W2013070970", "W2144432193", "W2146385201", "W2046635030", "W1982321259", "W2013348666", "W1990238848", "W2287127049", "W2139528105", "W1979311538", "W2072544504", "W2058899943", "W2051788799", "W1969489343", "W2115395987", "W2018570410", "W2004978315"], "title": "Hovering Flight in the Honeybee Apis mellifera: Kinematic Mechanisms for Varying Aerodynamic Forces", "abstract": "abstractduring hovering flight, animals can increase the wing velocity and therefore the net aerodynamic force per stroke by increasing wingbeat frequency, wing stroke amplitude, or both. the magnitude and orientation of aerodynamic forces are also influenced by the geometric angle of attack, timing of wing rotation, wing contact, and pattern of deviation from the primary stroke plane. most of the kinematic data available for flying animals are average values for wing stroke amplitude and wingbeat frequency because these features are relatively easy to measure, but it is frequently suggested that the more subtle and difficult-to-measure features of wing kinematics can explain variation in force production for different flight behaviors. here, we test this hypothesis with multicamera high-speed recording and digitization of wing kinematics of honeybees (apis mellifera) hovering and ascending in air and hovering in a hypodense gas (heliox: 21% o2, 79% he). bees employed low stroke amplitudes (86.7\u00b0 \u00b1 7.9\u00b0) ...", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/90930/1/Vance-2014-Hovering-flight-in-the-honeybee-api.pdf", "petalID": 934, "doi": "10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAA027", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["compete_within/between_species", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-abstract/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa027/5813973?", "mag_terms": ["fig wasp", "tree", "biology", "botany"], "species": ["bees", "apis mellifera", "honeybee"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.037735849056603, 0.0, 0.018867924528301], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W1991766559", "mesh_terms": ["Carbon Dioxide", "Drosophila Proteins", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Neurons, Afferent", "Animals", "Anopheles", "Anopheles", "Behavior, Animal", "Behavior, Animal", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "Drosophila Proteins", "Drosophila Proteins", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Electrophysiology", "Humans", "Insect Proteins", "Insect Proteins", "Insect Proteins", "Larva", "Larva", "Larva", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Mutation", "Mutation", "Neurons, Afferent", "Neurons, Afferent"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2138473955", "A2200338427", "A1980022241", "A1767862825"], "author_names": ["Walton D. Jones", "Pelin Cayirlioglu", "Ilona C. Grunwald Kadow", "Leslie B. Vosshall"], "reference_ids": ["W2105182699", "W2148999065", "W2117063950", "W2169445021", "W2005111341", "W2093902047", "W2026202487", "W2118128673", "W2106421836", "W1996323440", "W2100588760", "W2043808419", "W2018438969", "W2025949625", "W2108871140", "W2119894136", "W2065988107", "W2056045144", "W2119272664", "W2014923981", "W2115542528", "W2071202857", "W2036266071", "W2082788644", "W2150541017", "W2044501583", "W1981165639", "W1994756080", "W2167412045"], "title": "Two chemosensory receptors together mediate carbon dioxide detection in Drosophila", "abstract": "many insects are equipped with neurons that detect carbon dioxide. the use to which they are put varies according to the insect's ecology: hawk-moths use it as a measure of the quality of datura flowers. closer to home, mosquitoes and other blood-feeders are attracted to the carbon dioxide emitted by us. drosophila too has these sensors: two receptors, called gr21a and gr63a, have now been identified in the fruit fly. flies with only one of the two are insensitive to carbon dioxide, but when both genes are expressed the neurons are sensitive to the gas. similar genes are present in the malaria mosquito, so they may be useful targets for drugs aimed at reducing the ability of mosquitoes to find humans to bite. identification of two co2 receptors in drosophila antennae, gr21a and gr63a, determines that their co-expression is necessary and sufficient for co2 sensing. flies lacking one of the two are insensitive to co2, and confer co2 responsivity when both receptors are expressed in heterologous neurons. blood-feeding insects, including the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae, use highly specialized and sensitive olfactory systems to locate their hosts. this is accomplished by detecting and following plumes of volatile host emissions, which include carbon dioxide (co2)1. co2 is sensed by a population of olfactory sensory neurons in the maxillary palps of mosquitoes2,3 and in the antennae of the more genetically tractable fruitfly, drosophila melanogaster4. the molecular identity of the chemosensory co2 receptor, however, remains unknown. here we report that co2-responsive neurons in drosophila co-express a pair of chemosensory receptors, gr21a and gr63a, at both larval and adult life stages. we identify mosquito homologues of gr21a and gr63a, gprgr22 and gprgr24, and show that these are co-expressed in a. gambiae maxillary palps. we show that gr21a and gr63a together are sufficient for olfactory co2-chemosensation in drosophila. ectopic expression of gr21a and gr63a together confers co2 sensitivity on co2-insensitive olfactory neurons, but neither gustatory receptor alone has this function. mutant flies lacking gr63a lose both electrophysiological and behavioural responses to co2. knowledge of the molecular identity of the insect olfactory co2 receptors may spur the development of novel mosquito control strategies designed to take advantage of this unique and critical olfactory pathway. this in turn could bolster the worldwide fight against malaria and other insect-borne diseases.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 935, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.202.23.3305", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_fracture/rupture", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/202/23/3305", "mag_terms": ["artery", "circulatory system", "aortic arch", "descending aorta", "elasticity", "connective tissue", "elastic modulus", "blood pressure", "anatomy", "materials science"], "species": ["drosophila", "humans", "flies", "insects", "anopheles gambiae", "fruit fly", "anopheles"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.032520325203252, 0.008130081300813, 0.024390243902439, 0.016260162601626, 0.0, 0.008130081300813, 0.008130081300813], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.25, 0.75, 0.5, 0.0, 0.25, 0.25]}, - {"paper": "W2051788799", "mesh_terms": ["Flight, Animal", "Insecta", "Models, Biological", "Wings, Animal", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Insecta", "Wings, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Forestry"], "author_ids": ["A1985854831"], "author_names": ["Sanjay P. Sane"], "reference_ids": ["W1736100276", "W2130879907", "W2166251540", "W2035904552", "W2152012061", "W2418567294", "W1565704217", "W2080524911", "W2166675800", "W2121822682", "W2147317964", "W1208338276", "W2027243809", "W2074919290", "W2147954438", "W2269842831", "W2990785143", "W190722538", "W1550378183", "W2080340386", "W3207033968", "W647262553", "W1512669283", "W2021495108", "W2098963480", "W1607572575", "W1910119307", "W2032111277", "W2054687608", "W2098264435", "W2156421840", "W285251359", "W2144693117", "W1536379056", "W1949023809", "W2057302910", "W2013772552", "W2071981225", "W2285864661", "W2003069337", "W2126859789", "W2001682303", "W2117726939", "W2134066908", "W2154762949", "W2158445119", "W3178464027", "W1587367332", "W2037474702", "W2152759371", "W2337667243", "W2512067322", "W1607071030", "W1607296045", "W2156463872", "W1963158649", "W2047780914", "W2189500098", "W2224226892", "W1945609871", "W2345764264", "W1970315913", "W2109689820", "W2167263218", "W1902996401", "W1568848658", "W2183808371", "W1504676143", "W1903589887", "W2163844338", "W302585826", "W2004420873", "W2055930054", "W2126476514", "W1518201591", "W1941631367", "W2071429364", "W2170055296", "W2429660744", "W628092795", "W1959595114", "W1977730728", "W2135970653", "W2152260006", "W2017626220", "W2027114426", "W2090150458", "W2060439553", "W1955344888", "W2069414577", "W2122861279", "W2164511061", "W1935278110", "W1963636759", "W2148970654"], "title": "The aerodynamics of insect flight", "abstract": "the flight of insects has fascinated physicists and biologists for more than a century. yet, until recently, researchers were unable to rigorously quantify the complex wing motions of flapping insects or measure the forces and flows around their wings. however, recent developments in high-speed videography and tools for computational and mechanical modeling have allowed researchers to make rapid progress in advancing our understanding of insect flight. these mechanical and computational fluid dynamic models, combined with modern flow visualization techniques, have revealed that the fluid dynamic phenomena underlying flapping flight are different from those of non-flapping, 2-d wings on which most previous models were based. in particular, even at high angles of attack, a prominent leading edge vortex remains stably attached on the insect wing and does not shed into an unsteady wake, as would be expected from non-flapping 2-d wings. its presence greatly enhances the forces generated by the wing, thus enabling insects to hover or maneuver. in addition, flight forces are further enhanced by other mechanisms acting during changes in angle of attack, especially at stroke reversal, the mutual interaction of the two wings at dorsal stroke reversal or wing-wake interactions following stroke reversal. this progress has enabled the development of simple analytical and empirical models that allow us to calculate the instantaneous forces on flapping insect wings more accurately than was previously possible. it also promises to foster new and exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations between physicists who seek to explain the phenomenology, biologists who seek to understand its relevance to insect physiology and evolution, and engineers who are inspired to build micro-robotic insects using these principles. this review covers the basic physical principles underlying flapping flight in insects, results of recent experiments concerning the aerodynamics of insect flight, as well as the different approaches used to model these phenomena.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/206/23/4191.full.pdf", "petalID": 936, "doi": "10.1093/FORESTRY/72.4.337", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/forestry/article/72/4/337/565906", "mag_terms": ["disturbance", "logging", "biodiversity", "vegetation", "clearcutting", "felling", "natural", "agroforestry", "tsuga", "ecology", "geography"], "species": ["insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.060975609756097005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2051788799", "mesh_terms": ["Flight, Animal", "Insecta", "Models, Biological", "Wings, Animal", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Insecta", "Wings, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Forestry"], "author_ids": ["A1985854831"], "author_names": ["Sanjay P. Sane"], "reference_ids": ["W1736100276", "W2130879907", "W2166251540", "W2035904552", "W2152012061", "W2418567294", "W1565704217", "W2080524911", "W2166675800", "W2121822682", "W2147317964", "W1208338276", "W2027243809", "W2074919290", "W2147954438", "W2269842831", "W2990785143", "W190722538", "W1550378183", "W2080340386", "W3207033968", "W647262553", "W1512669283", "W2021495108", "W2098963480", "W1607572575", "W1910119307", "W2032111277", "W2054687608", "W2098264435", "W2156421840", "W285251359", "W2144693117", "W1536379056", "W1949023809", "W2057302910", "W2013772552", "W2071981225", "W2285864661", "W2003069337", "W2126859789", "W2001682303", "W2117726939", "W2134066908", "W2154762949", "W2158445119", "W3178464027", "W1587367332", "W2037474702", "W2152759371", "W2337667243", "W2512067322", "W1607071030", "W1607296045", "W2156463872", "W1963158649", "W2047780914", "W2189500098", "W2224226892", "W1945609871", "W2345764264", "W1970315913", "W2109689820", "W2167263218", "W1902996401", "W1568848658", "W2183808371", "W1504676143", "W1903589887", "W2163844338", "W302585826", "W2004420873", "W2055930054", "W2126476514", "W1518201591", "W1941631367", "W2071429364", "W2170055296", "W2429660744", "W628092795", "W1959595114", "W1977730728", "W2135970653", "W2152260006", "W2017626220", "W2027114426", "W2090150458", "W2060439553", "W1955344888", "W2069414577", "W2122861279", "W2164511061", "W1935278110", "W1963636759", "W2148970654"], "title": "The aerodynamics of insect flight", "abstract": "the flight of insects has fascinated physicists and biologists for more than a century. yet, until recently, researchers were unable to rigorously quantify the complex wing motions of flapping insects or measure the forces and flows around their wings. however, recent developments in high-speed videography and tools for computational and mechanical modeling have allowed researchers to make rapid progress in advancing our understanding of insect flight. these mechanical and computational fluid dynamic models, combined with modern flow visualization techniques, have revealed that the fluid dynamic phenomena underlying flapping flight are different from those of non-flapping, 2-d wings on which most previous models were based. in particular, even at high angles of attack, a prominent leading edge vortex remains stably attached on the insect wing and does not shed into an unsteady wake, as would be expected from non-flapping 2-d wings. its presence greatly enhances the forces generated by the wing, thus enabling insects to hover or maneuver. in addition, flight forces are further enhanced by other mechanisms acting during changes in angle of attack, especially at stroke reversal, the mutual interaction of the two wings at dorsal stroke reversal or wing-wake interactions following stroke reversal. this progress has enabled the development of simple analytical and empirical models that allow us to calculate the instantaneous forces on flapping insect wings more accurately than was previously possible. it also promises to foster new and exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations between physicists who seek to explain the phenomenology, biologists who seek to understand its relevance to insect physiology and evolution, and engineers who are inspired to build micro-robotic insects using these principles. this review covers the basic physical principles underlying flapping flight in insects, results of recent experiments concerning the aerodynamics of insect flight, as well as the different approaches used to model these phenomena.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/206/23/4191.full.pdf", "petalID": 936, "doi": "10.1093/FORESTRY/72.4.337", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/forestry/article/72/4/337/565906", "mag_terms": ["disturbance", "logging", "biodiversity", "vegetation", "clearcutting", "felling", "natural", "agroforestry", "tsuga", "ecology", "geography"], "species": ["insects"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.060975609756097005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2016278143", "mesh_terms": ["Fish Diseases", "Host-Parasite Interactions", "Inosine", "Mucus", "Myxobolus", "Trout", "Animals", "Fish Diseases", "Host-Parasite Interactions", "Inosine", "Inosine", "Mucus", "Myxobolus", "Parasitic Diseases, Animal", "Parasitic Diseases, Animal", "Spores", "Spores", "Spores", "Trout", "Trout"], "venue_ids": ["V163169856"], "venue_names": ["International Journal for Parasitology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2306636176", "A2151475029", "A2161563622", "A2917821038"], "author_names": ["Dennis M. Kallert", "Walter Bauer", "Wilfried Haas", "Mansour El-Matbouli"], "reference_ids": ["W2125937285", "W1965863808", "W2009060990", "W612493650", "W1988775138", "W2095944133", "W2079708912", "W1969823096", "W2048808984", "W2128357248", "W2052917710", "W2146743198", "W2041521712", "W2067054135", "W2321791733", "W2028819432", "W2038503806", "W2083534572", "W2087591297", "W25168616", "W1993269624", "W2063159663", "W2087437699", "W2330666961", "W2056461060", "W3177231934", "W2080437098", "W2088698492", "W2412874534", "W2045089597", "W2053195853", "W2053500628", "W2524078534", "W2007038756", "W2009200872", "W2317554490", "W2083027411", "W2120341468", "W2010087930", "W2161954389", "W1971819004", "W1992843241", "W2156547581", "W2169737444", "W2012168723", "W2044919691", "W2048654672"], "title": "No shot in the dark: myxozoans chemically detect fresh fish.", "abstract": "this work reports the discovery of an hitherto unknown chemical recognition trait enabling a parasitic life cycle in aquatic habitats. we believe this is the first record of a natural, host-derived chemical molecule identified as a recognition cue for the phylum myxozoa. the actinospores of these parasites attach to fish hosts via polar filaments that are extruded upon mechanical stimulation after preceding recognition of a chemical trigger contained in surface mucus. our goal was to identify this signal. we separated compounds from a purified active fraction derived from trout mucus by a novel hplc method. by subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of distinct components and testing in bioassays we elicited stimulation of polar filament discharge and sporoplasm emission in actinospores of three myxozoan spp., myxobolus cerebralis, myxobolus pseudodispar and henneguya nuesslini, by the free nucleosides inosine, 2'-deoxyinosine and guanosine. these nucleosides also activated sporoplasm emission. nucleosides appear to be appropriate cues for rapid host recognition by the waterborne parasite stages since they are continuously released into surface mucus. the recognition mechanism is not specific for susceptible host species, at least in the myxozoan spp. examined. in addition, a novel function of nucleobase derivatives as semiochemicals was uncovered and a wider impact of this molecule class in parasite recognition systems and aquatic chemical ecology is predicted. the relevance for disease prevention and cell culturing remains to be explored.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 937, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.202.23.3315", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["store_resources", "manage_external_forces"], "level3": ["manage_impact", "store_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/202/23/3315", "mag_terms": ["tendon", "heel", "cartilage", "tension", "cushion", "micromechanics", "ultimate tensile strength", "weight bearing", "biomedical engineering", "anatomy", "materials science"], "species": ["myxobolus pseudodispar", "henneguya nuesslini", "myxobolus cerebralis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.012658227848101, 0.012658227848101], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2051820794", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V118082147"], "venue_names": ["Marine Biology", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "Annals of Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2620013628", "A2522943408", "A2522991340"], "author_names": ["J. H. Drollet", "P. Glaziou", "P. M. V. Martin"], "reference_ids": ["W2042236619", "W1977075282", "W1968856470", "W2012885847", "W1531065141", "W2078557271", "W2056734451", "W2111503286", "W24408968", "W2049544869", "W2113347874", "W1833974276", "W2162411515", "W2529628820", "W1974321920", "W2110745669", "W2621007871", "W2061455683"], "title": "A study of mucus from the solitary coral Fungia fungites (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) in relation to photobiological UV adaptation", "abstract": "the ultraviolet (uv)-absorbance spectrum (300 to 360 nm) of mucus obtained from fungia fungites (l. 1758, collected in tahiti in 1991) after being exposed to air for up to 5 min was measured, and uv-absorbing compounds were demonstrated to be present in the mucus, with a peak at 332 nm. the concentration of these uv-absorbing compounds was at a maximum in the first 2 min of secretion and decreased thereafter. concentration was significantly related to the weight of the coral. also, as corals were adapted to bathymetric levels of uv radiation, mucus concentration of uv-absorbing compounds decreased significantly with increasing depth.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 938, "doi": "10.1006/ANBO.1993.1089", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_wind"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-abstract/72/2/123/2584069?", "mag_terms": ["carex acutiformis", "buckling", "drag", "torsion", "plant stem", "mechanics", "biology", "torsional rigidity"], "species": ["fungia fungites"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0]}, {"paper": "W2145429486", "mesh_terms": ["Energy Metabolism", "Muscle Contraction", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Oncorhynchus mykiss", "Swimming", "Water Movements", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Electromyography", "Fishes", "Fishes", "Fishes", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Oncorhynchus mykiss", "Oncorhynchus mykiss", "Swimming"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science", "Chemistry: A European Journal"], "author_ids": ["A2103627655", "A2609499458", "A313239152", "A2147977872"], "author_names": ["James C. Liao", "David N. Beal", "George V. Lauder", "Michael S. Triantafyllou"], "reference_ids": ["W2120058346", "W2153624629", "W2070684742", "W2074628009", "W2151372737", "W2026969539", "W2066282176", "W2057266885", "W1991095879", "W2006798159", "W2119934097", "W2024870244", "W2097759356", "W2071587277", "W2132924225", "W425079642", "W2148177580", "W1541270497", "W2071265273", "W2122168389", "W2166995402", "W2128730684"], "title": "Fish exploiting vortices decrease muscle activity.", "abstract": "fishes moving through turbulent flows or in formation are regularly exposed to vortices. although animals living in fluid environments commonly capture energy from vortices, experimental data on the hydrodynamics and neural control of interactions between fish and vortices are lacking. we used quantitative flow visualization and electromyography to show that trout will adopt a novel mode of locomotion to slalom in between experimentally generated vortices by activating only their anterior axial muscles. reduced muscle activity during vortex exploitation compared with the activity of fishes engaged in undulatory swimming suggests a decrease in the cost of locomotion and provides a mechanism to understand the patterns of fish distributions in schools and riverine environments.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 939, "doi": "10.1002/CHEM.19950010705", "level1": ["modify_size/shape/material_properties", "sustain_ecological_community", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_assemble", "individual_benefit", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["self-assemble", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/chem.19950010705", "mag_terms": ["crystal", "crystal structure", "crystal growth", "calcite", "sponge spicule", "nucleation", "macromolecule", "diffraction", "crystallography", "chemistry"], "species": ["fish", "fishes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.057142857142857, 0.057142857142857], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ {"paper": "W2058468006", "mesh_terms": ["Bacterial Proteins", "Chlorobium", "Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes", "Photosynthesis", "Bacterial Proteins", "Chlorobi", "Chlorobi", "Chlorobi", "Chlorobium", "Chlorobium", "Electron Transport", "Electron Transport", "Electrons", "Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes", "Photosynthesis", "Spectrum Analysis"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Limnology and Oceanography"], "author_ids": ["A2042495597", "A2160722234", "A2059025347", "A2921598952", "A2952300603", "A2106860314", "A2171385675", "A2121078387"], "author_names": ["Gregory S. Engel", "Tessa R. Calhoun", "Elizabeth L. Read", "Tae Kyu Ahn", "Tom\u00e1\u0161 Man\u010dal", "Yuan-Chung Cheng", "Robert E. Blankenship", "Graham R. Fleming"], "reference_ids": ["W2029357974", "W2253230635", "W2002372750", "W2027794410", "W2088307177", "W2069241304", "W2090061616", "W2069980955", "W2007025030", "W2160185408", "W2018114300", "W2117186666", "W2105576535", "W1979364399", "W2073281037", "W1982688981", "W2031157530", "W2170499287", "W2023813727", "W1977825086", "W2077989559", "W2039929450", "W2050438262", "W379702399", "W2086645323", "W2102182691", "W1531102271", "W2026354169", "W2952087751"], "title": "Evidence for wavelike energy transfer through quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems", "abstract": "photosynthesis provides the primary energy source for almost all life on earth. one of its remarkable features is the efficiency with which energy is transferred within the light harvesting complexes comprising the photosynthetic apparatus. suspicions that quantum trickery might be involved in the energy transfer processes at the core of photosynthesis are now confirmed by a new spectroscopic study. the study reveals electronic quantum beats characteristic of wavelike energy motion within the bacteriochlorophyll complex from the green sulphur bacterium chlorobium tepidum. this wavelike characteristic of the energy transfer process can explain the extreme efficiency of photosynthesis, in that vast areas of phase space can be sampled effectively to find the most efficient path for energy transfer. a spectroscopic study has directly monitored the quantum beating arising from remarkably long-lived electronic quantum coherence in a bacteriochlorophyll complex. this wavelike characteristic of the energy transfer process can explain the extreme efficiency of photosynthesis, in that vast areas of phase space can be sampled effectively to find the most efficient path for energy transfer. photosynthetic complexes are exquisitely tuned to capture solar light efficiently, and then transmit the excitation energy to reaction centres, where long term energy storage is initiated. the energy transfer mechanism is often described by semiclassical models that invoke \u2018hopping\u2019 of excited-state populations along discrete energy levels1,2. two-dimensional fourier transform electronic spectroscopy3,4,5 has mapped6 these energy levels and their coupling in the fenna\u2013matthews\u2013olson (fmo) bacteriochlorophyll complex, which is found in green sulphur bacteria and acts as an energy \u2018wire\u2019 connecting a large peripheral light-harvesting antenna, the chlorosome, to the reaction centre7,8,9. the spectroscopic data clearly document the dependence of the dominant energy transport pathways on the spatial properties of the excited-state wavefunctions of the whole bacteriochlorophyll complex6,10. but the intricate dynamics of quantum coherence, which has no classical analogue, was largely neglected in the analyses\u2014even though electronic energy transfer involving oscillatory populations of donors and acceptors was first discussed more than 70 years ago11, and electronic quantum beats arising from quantum coherence in photosynthetic complexes have been predicted12,13 and indirectly observed14. here we extend previous two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy investigations of the fmo bacteriochlorophyll complex, and obtain direct evidence for remarkably long-lived electronic quantum coherence playing an important part in energy transfer processes within this system. the quantum coherence manifests itself in characteristic, directly observable quantum beating signals among the excitons within the chlorobium tepidum fmo complex at 77\u2009k. this wavelike characteristic of the energy transfer within the photosynthetic complex can explain its extreme efficiency, in that it allows the complexes to sample vast areas of phase space to find the most efficient path.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 955, "doi": "10.2307/2835178", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["manage_shear", "manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2835178?seq=1", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.006578947368421], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2049308737", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V128210042"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Arid Environments", "Insects of the World", "Physical Review E"], "author_ids": ["A2780420584"], "author_names": ["Joh R. Henschel"], "reference_ids": ["W2293277598", "W2076118818", "W3023135890", "W604301267", "W2078953912", "W2317265394", "W2012866409", "W1493872104", "W2001573737", "W2460627686", "W2465566893", "W2051917278", "W2307687125", "W2415746355", "W2154236780", "W1595203086", "W2998509520", "W2894627621", "W2946042146", "W1996518176", "W2610173018", "W2185752871", "W2107210991", "W2266940761", "W3084077823", "W1044909151", "W3150051074", "W2943892166", "W141491444", "W2197619582", "W2963858529", "W1521411933", "W1982474966", "W55993174", "W1495458090", "W2034647336", "W2091560878", "W568275303", "W2106570021", "W2264750595", "W2323710458", "W2323481483", "W2011808309"], "title": "Psammophily in Namib Desert spiders", "abstract": "abstract a community of psammophilous spiders was studied in the central namib desert. of 20 species, 85% were cursorial. complex setae, claws or keels facilitate digging, sweeping, carrying, and swimming in or walking on sand, while long spigots enable spiders to bind sand with silk when burrowing down to depths with amenable microclimate (10\u2013120\u00a0cm). sand is excavated either by sweeping it up an incline or carrying it vertically up. other characteristics of dune spiders were large size, polyphagy, low metabolism, longevity, brood care and seasonal foraging and breeding patterns. the large, dominant heteropodid, leucorchestris , may determine many characteristics of the namib arthropod community.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 956, "doi": "10.1103/PHYSREVE.82.011910", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.82.011910", "mag_terms": ["fascicle", "arthropod mouthparts", "human skin", "anatomy", "biology", "blood feeding", "lower lip", "skin tissue"], "species": ["spiders"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.08333333333333301], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1989699787", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V111927887"], "venue_names": ["The Pennsylvania State University - CiteSeer X", "Journal of Physics D", "Cell", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2251826393", "A2562537479", "A1858522473", "A2683020193"], "author_names": ["D.J. Brink", "N. van den Berg", "Linda C. Prinsloo", "I.J. Hodgkinson"], "reference_ids": ["W1983155756", "W1987113590", "W2055259494", "W1972989632", "W2051452080", "W1963863642", "W1963664038", "W2036304375", "W2008574786", "W1973290121", "W2016326776", "W2034010375", "W2078914942"], "title": "Unusual coloration in scarabaeid beetles", "abstract": "in this paper we investigate the reflection of circularly polarized light from the exocuticle of the scarabaeid beetle gymnopleurus virens. reflection spectra are deeply modulated, exhibiting a number of relatively narrow well-defined peaks, which differ from previously studied specimens. by comparing model calculations and electron microscopy work with the recorded spectra, we can propose the presence of specific structural defects responsible for the unusual spectra.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/2615/Brink_Unusual%282007%29.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D35369E616DEF1EF2B1E89E6B54AC281A?sequence%3D1", "petalID": 957, "doi": "10.1016/J.CELL.2009.07.046", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["process_signals"], "level3": ["differentiate_signal_from_noise"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(09)01033-2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867409010332%3Fshowall%3Dtrue", "mag_terms": ["gene regulatory network", "electronic circuit", "in silico", "biological system", "regulation of gene expression", "biology", "bioinformatics", "cellular process", "circuit architecture", "dna metabolism", "extramural"], "species": ["gymnopleurus virens", "gymnopleurus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.047619047619047006, 0.047619047619047006], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2012048168", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V33108253"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Bionic Engineering", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2135145164", "A1755918879", "A3138762548", "A2068484382", "A262924744", "A2656959336", "A2114041611", "A2090779243", "A2144397977"], "author_names": ["Werner Baumgartner", "Friederike Saxe", "Agnes Weth", "David Hajas", "Darwin P. Sigumonrong", "Jens Emmerlich", "Martin Singheiser", "Wolfgang B\u00f6hme", "Jochen M. Schneider"], "reference_ids": ["W2100837269", "W3150248096", "W2093494653", "W2005443387", "W1532186756", "W2222276249", "W642801666", "W2093866913", "W2024914705", "W2051166244", "W1994430704", "W2062202938", "W1561709121"], "title": "The Sandfish's Skin: Morphology, Chemistry and Reconstruction", "abstract": "the sandfish is a lizard having the remarkable ability to move in desert sand in a swimming-like fashion. the most outstanding adaptations to this mode of life are the low friction behaviour and the extensive abrasion resistance of the sandfish skin against sand, outperforming even steel. we investigated the topography, the composition and the mechanical properties of sandfish scales. these consist of glycosylated keratins with high amount of sulphur but no hard inorganic material, such as silicates or lime. remarkably, atomic force microscopy shows an almost complete absence of attractive forces between the scale surface and a silicon tip, suggesting that this is responsible for the unusual tribological properties. the unusual glycosylation of the keratins was found to be absolutely necessary for the described phenomenon. the scales were dissolved and reconstituted on a polymer surface resulting in properties similar to the original scale. thus, we provide a pathway towards exploitation of the reconstituted scale material for future engineering applications.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 958, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1919607117", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "assemble/break_down_structure", "sustain_ecological_community", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["physically_assemble_structure", "group_benefit", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["coordinate_by_self-organization", "prevent/allow_deformation"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/03/18/1919607117", "mag_terms": ["biofilm matrix", "biofilm", "bacterial growth", "substrate", "biophysics", "morphology", "chemistry", "low friction", "mechanical instability", "surface friction"], "species": ["sandfish", "lime"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.020408163265306003, 0.020408163265306003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2012048168", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V33108253"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Bionic Engineering", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2135145164", "A1755918879", "A3138762548", "A2068484382", "A262924744", "A2656959336", "A2114041611", "A2090779243", "A2144397977"], "author_names": ["Werner Baumgartner", "Friederike Saxe", "Agnes Weth", "David Hajas", "Darwin P. Sigumonrong", "Jens Emmerlich", "Martin Singheiser", "Wolfgang B\u00f6hme", "Jochen M. Schneider"], "reference_ids": ["W2100837269", "W3150248096", "W2093494653", "W2005443387", "W1532186756", "W2222276249", "W642801666", "W2093866913", "W2024914705", "W2051166244", "W1994430704", "W2062202938", "W1561709121"], "title": "The Sandfish's Skin: Morphology, Chemistry and Reconstruction", "abstract": "the sandfish is a lizard having the remarkable ability to move in desert sand in a swimming-like fashion. the most outstanding adaptations to this mode of life are the low friction behaviour and the extensive abrasion resistance of the sandfish skin against sand, outperforming even steel. we investigated the topography, the composition and the mechanical properties of sandfish scales. these consist of glycosylated keratins with high amount of sulphur but no hard inorganic material, such as silicates or lime. remarkably, atomic force microscopy shows an almost complete absence of attractive forces between the scale surface and a silicon tip, suggesting that this is responsible for the unusual tribological properties. the unusual glycosylation of the keratins was found to be absolutely necessary for the described phenomenon. the scales were dissolved and reconstituted on a polymer surface resulting in properties similar to the original scale. thus, we provide a pathway towards exploitation of the reconstituted scale material for future engineering applications.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 958, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1919607117", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "modify_size/shape/material_properties", "sustain_ecological_community", "assemble/break_down_structure"], "level2": ["change_material_properties", "physically_assemble_structure"], "level3": ["prevent/allow_deformation", "coordinate_by_self-organization"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/03/18/1919607117", "mag_terms": ["biofilm matrix", "biofilm", "bacterial growth", "substrate", "biophysics", "morphology", "chemistry", "low friction", "mechanical instability", "surface friction"], "species": ["sandfish", "lime"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.020408163265306003, 0.020408163265306003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2559126695", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V5885750"], "venue_names": ["African Zoology", "Biology Letters", "Austral Ecology", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2330184644", "A2633327842"], "author_names": ["C.S.W. Joubert", "G.L. Maclean"], "reference_ids": ["W2332453002", "W2002624378", "W1992495742", "W2335476228", "W2578181130"], "title": "The Structure of the Water-Holding Feathers of the Namaqua Sandgrouse", "abstract": "the morphology and fine structure of the feather barbules of the namaqua sandgrouse are investigated histologically and experimentally by means of light microscopy, scanning electron micrography and x-ray diffraction. proximally the barbule is helically coiled for three and a half turns and has a kidney-shaped, concave/convex transverse section. the inner concave surface is pitted, the outer convex surface smooth. the barbule is solid, consisting of three layers, and bears a number of appendages at its distal end, where it is more rounded in transverse section. the uncoiling of barbules from the abdominal feathers on contact with water may be initiated by water uptake and further facilitated by the number of helical coils at the base of the barbules. the keratin is fairly crystalline when dry. this crystallinity is somewhat reduced on wetting. the uncoiling mechanism is related to the expansion of the polypeptide chains of il-keratin in order to accommodate additional water bound to the side chains.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 959, "doi": "10.1098/RSBL.2005.0307", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "assemble/break_down_structure", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["physically_assemble_structure", "send_signals", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["send_light_signals_in_the_non-visible_spectrum", "send_light_signals_in_the_visible_spectrum", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0307", "mag_terms": ["web decoration", "argiope keyserlingi", "spider", "argiope", "predation", "animal communication", "arthropod", "ecology", "biology", "honey bees"], "species": ["namaqua sandgrouse", "pterocles namaqua", "pterocles"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.019230769230769003], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2013508463", "mesh_terms": ["Extremities", "Locomotion", "Whales", "Adaptation, Biological", "Animals", "Extremities", "Male", "Models, Anatomic", "Whales"], "venue_ids": ["V173450624"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Morphology", "How Life Learned to Live: Adaptation in Nature", "Plant Physiology", "Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2098208814", "A2643140941"], "author_names": ["Frank E. Fish", "Juliann M. Battle"], "reference_ids": ["W3134387949", "W2270256938", "W1970722965", "W2612496193", "W840743805", "W1554135758", "W2086848831", "W2135641983", "W2798930082", "W2066524132", "W2098404688", "W1522232442", "W2014412867", "W2019343034", "W3118781598", "W190247801", "W2050646312", "W2030481244", "W3127663068", "W2049901357", "W2078989349", "W2084424867", "W1999411561", "W2116341171", "W2154950107", "W3209569680", "W2313789818", "W2063367520", "W2017626220", "W2260611006", "W2092253453", "W2123363845"], "title": "Hydrodynamic design of the humpback whale flipper.", "abstract": "the humpback whale (megaptera novaeangliae) is reported to use its elongate pectoral flippers during swimming maneuvers. the morphology of the flipper from a 9.02-m whale was evaluated with regard to this hydrodynamic function. the flipper had a wing-like, high aspect ratio planform. rounded tubercles were regularly interspersed along the flipper's leading edge. the flipper was cut into 71 2.5-cm cross-sections and photographed. except for sections near the distal tip, flipper sections were symmetrical with no camber. flipper sections had a blunt, rounded leading edge and a highly tapered trailing edge. placement of the maximum thickness placement for each cross-section varied from 49% of chord at the tip to 19% at mid-span. section thickness ratio averaged 0.23 with a range of 0.20-0.28. the humpback whale flipper had a cross-sectional design typical of manufactured aerodynamic foils for lift generation. the morphology and placement of leading edge tubercles suggest that they function as enhanced lift devices to control flow over the flipper and maintain lift at high angles of attack. the morphology of the humpback whale flipper suggests that it is adapted for high maneuverability associated with the whale's unique feeding behavior.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 960, "doi": "10.1104/PP.60.4.609", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/60/4/609", "mag_terms": ["diurnal temperature variation", "ferocactus", "energy source", "latent heat", "thermal energy", "energy budget", "convection", "thermal energy storage", "atmospheric sciences", "chemistry"], "species": ["humpback", "humpback whale", "whale", "megaptera novaeangliae"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.046875, 0.03125, 0.0625, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.75, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2321360690", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V188770946"], "venue_names": ["Mycologia", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2694009217", "A2334571596"], "author_names": ["Franziska M. Schulthess", "Stanley H. Faeth"], "reference_ids": ["W1497051308", "W2018460393", "W2036022388", "W2059958616", "W2965946377", "W2328574265", "W2117709011", "W2323291780", "W2014188009", "W2051618545", "W2099195705", "W1966795807", "W1970105987", "W2069601126", "W2116116703", "W2048395563", "W2312829458", "W2030909449", "W2762311727", "W207623927", "W2111382192", "W2332599347", "W2114591664", "W2140198147", "W2314041871", "W2049611502", "W216056779", "W2067745186", "W2093042972", "W3022568836", "W1969200324", "W2015600359", "W2147289979", "W93284231", "W2318488625", "W3089220584", "W2043668607", "W2055254604", "W1581830689", "W2091605095", "W2473828657", "W2025268926", "W2122801096", "W2003931835", "W2062020982", "W2113149893", "W2167258385", "W2323342913", "W2046254891", "W2098881888", "W2109832498", "W2132164598", "W2461875985", "W1428282277", "W2560132024", "W2067643367", "W2315841263", "W2059742734", "W2067834514", "W2335716048", "W118627020", "W1966340123"], "title": "Distribution, abundances, and associations of the endophytic fungal community of Arizona fescue (Festuca arizonica).", "abstract": "we documented patterns of species diversity, relative abundances, and associations of the fungal endophyte community inhabiting arizona fescue (festuca arizonica), a dominant perennial bunchgrass i...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 961, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0063609", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["send_signals", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["send_sound_signals", "sense_sound/vibrations", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0063609", "mag_terms": ["bertholdia trigona", "predation", "human echolocation", "predator", "foraging", "escape response", "sonar", "jamming", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["festuca arizonica", "fungal endophyte"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0, 0]}, @@ -995,17 +995,17 @@ {"paper": "W1921488143", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": [""], "venue_names": ["international electronics manufacturing technology symposium", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2561791397", "A2660342132"], "author_names": ["I. Goldberger", "S. Kasapi"], "reference_ids": ["W2000827467", "W2563688906", "W3109740545", "W324384810", "W1901671433", "W2123287021"], "title": "Current challenges in traditional design verification and its application in flip-chip devices", "abstract": "the acceleration of new developments in semiconductor design and manufacturing technology in keeping up with moore's law has introduced significant new challenges for device designers as well as manufacturing organizations. short channel effects, multi-level interconnect cross talk problems, and new materials such as low k dielectric, copper, and silicon on insulator have made modeling and simulation of semiconductor devices and processes extremely difficult. many times this results in failure to meet performance targets in first silicon introduction. the high cost of mask sets, together with the opportunity costs related to time-to-market, drives the need for shorter and fewer redesign cycles, making effective transistor level design debug a necessity. to make things even more difficult, the transition to flip chip packaging and multiple interconnect metal layers makes backside probing the only effective way to perform node level analysis. this paper describes these new challenges in detail, and the use of photon probing technology as an effective way to address them. the use of a time resolved photon emission microscope allows measuring performance at the critical node level. this is done by collecting the photons, emitted by carriers that are accelerated in the pinch off region during cmos transistor switching. this enables optimization of device speed paths, and resolution of problems such as race conditions and contentions, encountered during design debug and failure analysis cycles.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 993, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2014.0273", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_temporarily"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2014.0273", "mag_terms": ["seta", "sucker", "underwater", "anatomy", "biology", "dytiscinae", "shear resistance", "viscous resistance"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W1967224084", "mesh_terms": ["Bees", "Bees", "Sex Attractants", "Animals", "Bees", "Ecosystem", "Female", "Geography", "Male", "Orchidaceae", "Panama", "Phylogeny", "Sex Attractants", "Sex Attractants", "Sexual Behavior, Animal", "Sexual Behavior, Animal", "Species Specificity"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V35917800", "V35917800"], "venue_names": ["Ecology", "Ecology", "Physical Review E"], "author_ids": ["A2482359048", "A2115426160", "A143974057"], "author_names": ["Yvonne Zimmermann", "Santiago R. Ram\u00edrez", "Thomas Eltz"], "reference_ids": ["W169434005", "W2063878349", "W2325136290", "W1983780421", "W2335673586", "W2018229422", "W2146058063", "W2159836535", "W214931384", "W1984978651", "W2103088017", "W2082928585", "W2111533443", "W16522823", "W2319794621", "W2321488470", "W2911330697", "W2040047144", "W2178343110", "W2000382383", "W1236530706", "W2121707672", "W2002820714", "W2121200262", "W2133594808", "W2165457587", "W2975217839", "W2013603602", "W12294379", "W1974948018", "W2047676713", "W2110493680", "W2113058889", "W1992498438", "W1996878100", "W2139902113", "W2314268520", "W2127857503", "W2276872233", "W1567294259", "W2057286274", "W1487751198", "W2117368100", "W202108912", "W1559903722", "W1513424244", "W2022190273", "W2074538091", "W3129652340", "W2056467812", "W2118973431", "W2020095305", "W2071517377", "W2171635468"], "title": "Chemical niche differentiation among sympatric species of orchid bees.", "abstract": "male neotropical orchid bees (euglossini) collect volatile substances (fragrances) from flowers and other sources (e.g., decaying wood) and store them in specialized hind tibial pockets. the accumulated chemicals are later emitted during courtship display, presumably to lure conspecific females for mating. we analyzed tibial fragrances of males of 15 sympatric panamanian species in the genus euglossa to test whether communities of euglossine bees are chemically structured, and to elucidate whether male fragrance signals evolve to convey premating isolation. our analysis revealed substantial chemical disparity among all lineages. disparity was mediated by compounds that were exclusive to certain species but also by differences in relative quantity of shared compounds. we mapped tibial fragrance compounds present in each species on a dna-based phylogeny (reconstructed using partial sequences of coi, ef1-\u03b1, argk, and pol-ii) and found that most dominant compounds were highly homoplasious. in an analysis of chemical differentiation in relation to phylogenetic divergence through time, disparity was greater than expected from a null model at any point during evolutionary history, suggesting that diversifying selection has shaped fragrance phenotypes. notably, chemical disparity was greater within recently diverged lineages than among them, suggesting that chemical preferences in orchid bees evolved rapidly in the early stages of species divergence. we postulate communication interference as the possible mechanism behind the observed fragrance differentiation, which may be the product of reproductive character (fragrance) displacement. our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that male fragrance signals evolve to convey premating isolation.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1890/08-1858.1", "petalID": 994, "doi": "10.1103/PHYSREVE.74.051916", "level1": ["modify_color/camouflage"], "level2": ["change_structural_color"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.74.051916", "mag_terms": ["iridescence", "structural coloration", "feather", "cortex", "anatomy", "optics", "chemistry", "columba livia domestica", "physiological optics"], "species": ["euglossini", "bee", "orchid bees", "euglossa", "bees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.013157894736842, 0.039473684210526, 0.013157894736842, 0.013157894736842, 0.039473684210526], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2072807656", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V157690423"], "venue_names": ["Animal Behaviour", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society", "Acta Biomaterialia", "Journal of Biomechanics", "Bone"], "author_ids": ["A2150142610", "A341779233", "A1962897477"], "author_names": ["Kathrin Steck", "Markus Knaden", "Bill S. Hansson"], "reference_ids": ["W1992282752", "W2069080480", "W2163210913", "W2091457906", "W2137541769", "W1977001726", "W2018661364", "W2173195647", "W1993513678", "W1997834037", "W2320569839", "W2036254119", "W1973529287", "W2054944848", "W2495686501", "W2122269015", "W2511203319", "W2016003299", "W2075533251", "W2106990484", "W2030673700", "W2325699919", "W2044708625"], "title": "Do desert ants smell the scenery in stereo", "abstract": "desert ants, cataglyphis fortis, navigate individually in the inhospitable saltpans of tunisia using path integration for long-distance navigation, and visual and olfactory landmarks for fine-scale orientation in the vicinity of the nest entrance. here, we show in a field experiment that the ants are able to locate the nest entrance within a two-dimensional olfactory array. ants were trained to forage in an open channel and to memorize the nest entrance relative to four odours that were applied at the corners of an invisible quadratic array. in a test situation, the ants pinpointed the fictive nest only when the odours were present at their learned positions. our results suggest that the ants had learned the olfactory scenery around their nest. furthermore, unilaterally antennectomized ants could not pinpoint the nest within a two-dimensional array. hence, this kind of orientation depends on the simultaneous input of both antennae, that is, on a stereo sense of smell. until now, insects and mammals, including humans, have only been known to use bilateral sensory input to follow a concentration gradient of an odour. our evidence suggests that desert ants require a stereo sense of smell to make use of the olfactory scenery around their nest for homing.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 995, "doi": "10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2008.09.011", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_fracture/rupture"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1742706108002857?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["cortical bone", "cancellous bone", "osteon", "bone density", "elastic modulus", "antler", "flexural strength", "deformation", "composite material", "materials science"], "species": ["cataglyphis fortis", "insects", "mammals", "desert ant", "humans", "human"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017857142857142003, 0.017857142857142003, 0.017857142857142003, 0.035714285714285005, 0.017857142857142003, 0.017857142857142003], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5]}, - {"paper": "W2079830044", "mesh_terms": ["Crotalus", "Crotalus", "Locomotion", "Robotics", "Silicon Dioxide", "Animals", "Body Size", "Crotalus", "Robotics", "Surface Properties"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science"], "author_ids": ["A2033724793", "A2102352887", "A2193493662", "A1835725988", "A2148675591", "A2041388043", "A2183227812", "A2041654701", "A2310685421", "A2106656339"], "author_names": ["Hamidreza Marvi", "Chaohui Gong", "Nick Gravish", "Henry C. Astley", "Matthew Travers", "Ross L. Hatton", "Joseph R. Mendelson", "Howie Choset", "David Hu", "Daniel I. Goldman"], "reference_ids": ["W2115173644", "W2072946237", "W2034752381", "W2023498244", "W2003880409", "W2035155402", "W2072544504", "W2100361537", "W2124278893", "W1970644774", "W1939016165", "W2125096161", "W2085528050", "W2010072691", "W2161663117", "W2136684951", "W2095165091", "W2330297718", "W2067477688", "W2121406357", "W3147567656", "W1974461875", "W2130297497", "W2004990598", "W1983815930", "W1992878443", "W2000589690", "W2165920800", "W2330972461", "W1908103406", "W2043758749", "W2324976688"], "title": "Sidewinding with minimal slip: Snake and robot ascent of sandy slopes", "abstract": "limbless organisms such as snakes can navigate nearly all terrain. in particular, desert-dwelling sidewinder rattlesnakes (crotalus cerastes) operate effectively on inclined granular media (such as sand dunes) that induce failure in field-tested limbless robots through slipping and pitching. our laboratory experiments reveal that as granular incline angle increases, sidewinder rattlesnakes increase the length of their body in contact with the sand. implementing this strategy in a physical robot model of the snake enables the device to ascend sandy slopes close to the angle of maximum slope stability. plate drag experiments demonstrate that granular yield stresses decrease with increasing incline angle. together, these three approaches demonstrate how sidewinding with contact-length control mitigates failure on granular media.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.2945", "petalID": 996, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1203980", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["manage populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_microbes", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/332/6033/1097", "mag_terms": ["root microbiome", "rhizosphere", "microbiome", "firmicutes", "actinobacteria", "proteobacteria", "metagenomics", "nonribosomal peptide", "microbiology", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["cerastes", "snakes", "crotalus cerastes"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022222222222222, 0.066666666666666, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.0]}, - {"paper": "W2136288803", "mesh_terms": ["Aquaporins", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Aquaporins", "Aquaporins", "Aquaporins", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Permeability", "Sequence Homology, Amino Acid"], "venue_ids": ["V53860259"], "venue_names": ["Annual Review of Biochemistry", "Annual Review of Microbiology", "Micron"], "author_ids": ["A38185589", "A2801854577", "A2127556289", "A2439945719"], "author_names": ["Mario J. 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"W2016441295", "W2038298695", "W2048796422", "W2051483207", "W20173124", "W1759023200", "W2037812444", "W2126145768", "W2150852196", "W1479762169", "W1525279604", "W1557909915", "W1979341445", "W1995540745", "W2154312242", "W1536381247", "W1965624710", "W1978354625", "W1983325789", "W2009749225", "W2106882534", "W1535419310", "W1607563537", "W1894872962", "W1963570371", "W2033372463", "W2093407677", "W2093632719", "W2140293915", "W1547487487", "W1974169246", "W2012759726", "W2048968441", "W1963744131", "W1994266582", "W1506193493", "W2005781393", "W2082414348", "W2108891982", "W1993331861", "W2028556330", "W2055970088", "W2067389102", "W2072247780", "W1984284559", "W2037141661", "W2042282096", "W2053977404", "W2079126167", "W2079321323", "W2171963581", "W1973140091", "W2004779654", "W2010182284", "W2076827534", "W2093371144", "W2147314381", "W1805989424", "W1971847960", "W1988506390", "W2072251236", "W2082184416", "W2086499357", "W2138498824", "W2161699281", "W1989947773", "W2011647487", "W2013534902", "W2046847544", "W2052922251", "W1548770844", "W2086382158", "W2099322911", "W2106197589", "W1504082382", "W1566734962", "W1578684030", "W1970305997", "W2038920204", "W2092781986", "W2117676407", "W2148984043", "W2170463631", "W2006773599", "W61051756", "W1972946535", "W1993064394", "W2025460399", "W2057701166", "W2158944498"], "title": "Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels.", "abstract": "the high water permeability characteristic of mammalian red cell membranes is now known to be caused by the protein aqp1. this channel freely permits movement of water across the cell membrane, but it is not permeated by other small, uncharged molecules or charged solutes. aqp1 is a tetramer with each subunit containing an aqueous pore likened to an hourglass formed by obversely arranged tandem repeats. cryoelectron microscopy of reconstituted aqp1 membrane crystals has revealed the three-dimensional structure at 3-6 a. aqp1 is distributed in apical and basolateral membranes of renal proximal tubules and descending thin limbs as well as capillary endothelia. ten mammalian aquaporins have been identified in water-permeable tissues and fall into two groupings. orthodox aquaporins are water-selective and include aqp2, a vasopressin-regulated water channel in renal collecting duct, in addition to aqp0, aqp4, and aqp5. multifunctional aquaglyceroporins aqp3, aqp7, and aqp9 are permeated by water, glycerol, and some other solutes. aquaporins are being defined in numerous other species including amphibia, insects, plants, and microbials. members of the aquaporin family are implicated in numerous physiological processes as well as the pathophysiology of a wide range of clinical disorders.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 997, "doi": "10.1016/J.MICRON.2007.08.003", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down", "assemble/break_down_structure", "attach", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "physically_assemble_structure", "group_benefit", "chemically_assemble", "distribute_or_expel _resources", "attach_permanently", "attach_temporarily"], "level3": ["self-assemble", "cooperate_within/between_species", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17875392/", "mag_terms": ["hydrophobin", "fungal protein", "biofilm", "protein structure", "nanotechnology", "biology", "cerato ulmin", "ophiostoma novo ulmi"], "species": ["amphibia", "insects", "plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015873015873015, 0.015873015873015, 0.015873015873015], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2079830044", "mesh_terms": ["Crotalus", "Crotalus", "Locomotion", "Robotics", "Silicon Dioxide", "Animals", "Body Size", "Crotalus", "Robotics", "Surface Properties"], "venue_ids": ["V3880285"], "venue_names": ["Science"], "author_ids": ["A2033724793", "A2102352887", "A2193493662", "A1835725988", "A2148675591", "A2041388043", "A2183227812", "A2041654701", "A2310685421", "A2106656339"], "author_names": ["Hamidreza Marvi", "Chaohui Gong", "Nick Gravish", "Henry C. 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"W2011647487", "W2013534902", "W2046847544", "W2052922251", "W1548770844", "W2086382158", "W2099322911", "W2106197589", "W1504082382", "W1566734962", "W1578684030", "W1970305997", "W2038920204", "W2092781986", "W2117676407", "W2148984043", "W2170463631", "W2006773599", "W61051756", "W1972946535", "W1993064394", "W2025460399", "W2057701166", "W2158944498"], "title": "Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels.", "abstract": "the high water permeability characteristic of mammalian red cell membranes is now known to be caused by the protein aqp1. this channel freely permits movement of water across the cell membrane, but it is not permeated by other small, uncharged molecules or charged solutes. aqp1 is a tetramer with each subunit containing an aqueous pore likened to an hourglass formed by obversely arranged tandem repeats. cryoelectron microscopy of reconstituted aqp1 membrane crystals has revealed the three-dimensional structure at 3-6 a. aqp1 is distributed in apical and basolateral membranes of renal proximal tubules and descending thin limbs as well as capillary endothelia. ten mammalian aquaporins have been identified in water-permeable tissues and fall into two groupings. orthodox aquaporins are water-selective and include aqp2, a vasopressin-regulated water channel in renal collecting duct, in addition to aqp0, aqp4, and aqp5. multifunctional aquaglyceroporins aqp3, aqp7, and aqp9 are permeated by water, glycerol, and some other solutes. aquaporins are being defined in numerous other species including amphibia, insects, plants, and microbials. members of the aquaporin family are implicated in numerous physiological processes as well as the pathophysiology of a wide range of clinical disorders.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 997, "doi": "10.1016/J.MICRON.2007.08.003", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down", "assemble/break_down_structure", "attach", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["individual_benefit", "physically_assemble_structure", "chemically_assemble", "distribute_or_expel _resources", "attach_permanently", "attach_temporarily"], "level3": ["self-assemble", "cooperate_within/between_species", "regulate_reproduction_or_growth", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17875392/", "mag_terms": ["hydrophobin", "fungal protein", "biofilm", "protein structure", "nanotechnology", "biology", "cerato ulmin", "ophiostoma novo ulmi"], "species": ["amphibia", "insects", "plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015873015873015, 0.015873015873015, 0.015873015873015], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2070878001", "mesh_terms": ["Bacillus subtilis", "Spores, Bacterial", "Water", "Bacillus subtilis", "Bacillus subtilis", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Cell Membrane Permeability", "Hydrogen", "Hydrogen", "Manganese", "Manganese", "Manganese", "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Spores, Bacterial", "Spores, Bacterial", "Water", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Bioresource Technology"], "author_ids": ["A2107840454", "A2133182284", "A2229296932", "A1985500603"], "author_names": ["Erik Persson Sunde", "Peter Setlow", "Lars Hederstedt", "Bertil Halle"], "reference_ids": ["W2061464624", "W2070783701", "W3112499720", "W1994748789", "W2025745947", "W2170107034", "W1975823880", "W2111494735", "W1972952125", "W2018191962", "W1595850018", "W1990372161", "W2162473929", "W1601789516", "W2001729645", "W2046737826", "W2078180871", "W1548288526", "W1721510995", "W2003321463", "W2024270574", "W2119982021", "W1977688155", "W1970394313", "W2155195157", "W2085730372", "W2000480454", "W2332303622", "W2131736580", "W2029733006", "W2005042675", "W2158178954", "W3111717609", "W1569896316", "W2065859376", "W2140775467", "W2165234277", "W1978180409", "W1995974434", "W1999023596", "W2070413062", "W2171535519", "W177408800", "W1848241796", "W2037180181", "W2142706107", "W1998295612", "W2092045548", "W2281945593", "W2949889511", "W2000154875", "W2015367838", "W1859366431", "W2033508935", "W2043787268", "W3004024615", "W2129692567", "W2164862855", "W1485388675", "W2007358645", "W2128481411", "W2169432518", "W1510474645"], "title": "The physical state of water in bacterial spores.", "abstract": "the bacterial spore, the hardiest known life form, can survive in a metabolically dormant state for many years and can withstand high temperatures, radiation, and toxic chemicals. the molecular basis of spore dormancy and resistance is not understood, but the physical state of water in the different spore compartments is thought to play a key role. to characterize this water in situ, we recorded the water 2h and 17o spin relaxation rates in d2o-exchanged bacillus subtilis spores over a wide frequency range. the data indicate high water mobility throughout the spore, comparable with binary protein\u2013water systems at similar hydration levels. even in the dense core, the average water rotational correlation time is only 50 ps. spore dormancy therefore cannot be explained by glass-like quenching of molecular diffusion but may be linked to dehydration-induced conformational changes in key enzymes. the data demonstrate that most spore proteins are rotationally immobilized, which may contribute to heat resistance by preventing heat-denatured proteins from aggregating irreversibly. we also find that the water permeability of the inner membrane is at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than for model membranes, consistent with the reported high degree of lipid immobilization in this membrane and with its proposed role in spore resistance to chemicals that damage dna. the quantitative results reported here on water mobility and transport provide important clues about the mechanism of spore dormancy and resistance, with relevance to food preservation, disease prevention, and astrobiology.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/106/46/19334.full.pdf", "petalID": 998, "doi": "10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2010.08.080", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["capture_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852410014628?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["amorphous calcium carbonate", "nitrogen assimilation", "nitrate", "nitrite", "calcite", "mycelium", "mineralization", "agar", "chemistry", "environmental chemistry", "inorganic chemistry"], "species": ["bacillus subtilis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012987012987012], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1985650296", "mesh_terms": ["Decapodiformes", "Swimming", "Animals", "Atrial Function", "Atrial Function", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Body Weight", "Body Weight", "Decapodiformes", "Decapodiformes", "Decapodiformes", "Fluorescein", "Fluorescein", "Life Cycle Stages", "Rheology", "Swimming"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "American Journal of Botany", "Functional Ecology", "New Zealand Journal of Botany"], "author_ids": ["A2308646188", "A143235633"], "author_names": ["Kelly R. Sutherland", "Laurence P. Madin"], "reference_ids": ["W3146557765", "W2062207333", "W2046200516", "W2068582235", "W2147442812", "W1965466150", "W2111277678", "W2059173693", "W2066371104", "W2118944048", "W2134904851", "W2148067804", "W2103101097", "W3040937257", "W1694289106", "W2016201039", "W1988304862", "W2048266952", "W2105956743", "W3197906382", "W2022912942", "W2103068281", "W2117381188", "W2145562030", "W2129194489", "W2046407023", "W1964499117", "W2111592791", "W2142195625"], "title": "Comparative jet wake structure and swimming performance of salps", "abstract": "salps are barrel-shaped marine invertebrates that swim by jet propulsion. morphological variations among species and life-cycle\r\nstages are accompanied by differences in swimming mode. the goal of this investigation was to compare propulsive jet wakes\r\nand swimming performance variables among morphologically distinct salp species (pegea confoederata, weelia (salpa)\r\ncylindrica, cyclosalpa sp.) and relate swimming patterns to ecological function. using a combination of in situ dye visualization\r\nand particle image velocimetry (piv) measurements, we describe properties of the jet wake and swimming performance variables\r\nincluding thrust, drag and propulsive efficiency. locomotion by all species investigated was achieved via vortex ring propulsion.\r\nthe slow-swimming p. confoederata produced the highest weight-specific thrust (t =53 n kg^(\u20131)) and swam with the highest wholecycle\r\npropulsive efficiency (\u03b7_wc= 55%). the fast-swimming w. cylindrica had the most streamlined body shape but produced an\r\nintermediate weight-specific thrust (t=30 n kg^(\u20131)) and swam with an intermediate whole-cycle propulsive efficiency (\u03b7_wc =52%).\r\nweak swimming performance variables in the slow-swimming c. affinis, including the lowest weight-specific thrust (t=25 n kg^(\u20131))\r\nand lowest whole-cycle propulsive efficiency (\u03b7_wc=47%), may be compensated by low energetic requirements. swimming\r\nperformance variables are considered in the context of ecological roles and evolutionary relationships.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/17/2967.full.pdf", "petalID": 999, "doi": "10.1080/0028825X.1997.10410160", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "modify/convert_energy", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "modify/convert_mechanical_energy", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_touch_and_mechanical_forces", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0028825X.1997.10410160", "mag_terms": ["peraxilla tetrapetala", "nectar", "ileostylus", "pollination", "pollinator", "dioecy", "introduced species", "hermaphrodite", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["pegea confoederata", "salps"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011494252873563001, 0.011494252873563001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2108575362", "mesh_terms": ["Behavior, Animal", "Macaca", "Social Behavior", "Animals", "Decision Making", "Intention", "Macaca", "Macaca", "Social Environment", "Stochastic Processes"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"], "author_ids": ["A2615188138", "A2004913054", "A2161709059"], "author_names": ["C\u00e9dric Sueur", "Jean-Louis Deneubourg", "Odile Petit"], "reference_ids": ["W2119382550", "W1975318518", "W3205595721", "W2043291304", "W2094761309", "W2100556627", "W2013378000", "W2054820883", "W2061321048", "W2105032691", "W3192069929", "W2056371474", "W2150600684", "W1968086754", "W2046664622", "W2162049819", "W2165772243", "W79275703", "W2480676058", "W1997621658", "W2051178235", "W2090796085", "W2036273237", "W2084842614", "W1556052006", "W2021439942", "W2103612250", "W1881045119", "W2073803821", "W2107821564", "W2606862683", "W1582100807", "W2046970256", "W2060684582", "W3150700316", "W2097490641", "W2159512846", "W2046057114", "W1968660217", "W2038395406", "W2071478559", "W2117124681", "W2038895716", "W2006121491", "W2138741808", "W2002466756", "W2016588247"], "title": "From the first intention movement to the last joiner: macaques combine mimetic rules to optimize their collective decisions", "abstract": "mechanisms related to collective decision making have recently been found in almost all animal reigns from amoebae to worms, insects and vertebrates, including human beings. decision-making mechanisms related to collective movements\u2014including pre-departure and joining\u2014have already been studied at different steps of the movement process, but these studies were always carried out separately. we therefore have no understanding of how these different processes are related when they underlie the same collective decision-making event. here, we consider the whole departure process of two groups of tonkean macaques (macaca tonkeana), using a stochastic model. when several exclusive choices are proposed, macaques vote and choose the majority. individuals then join the movement according to a mimetism based on affiliative relationships. the pre-departure quorum and the joining mimetic mechanism are probably linked, but we have not yet identified which transition mechanism is used. this study shows that decision-making related to macaque group movements is governed by a quorum rule combined with a selective mimetism at departure. this is the first time that transition mechanisms have been described in mammals, which consequently helps understand how a voting process leads to social amplification. our study also provides the first complete proof that there is continuity in the decision-making processes underlying collective movements in mammals from the first intention movement right through to the last joiner.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/278/1712/1697.full.pdf", "petalID": 1000, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.101931", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "protect_from_ice"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/217/12/2193", "mag_terms": ["cryoprotectant", "lithobates", "overwintering", "hibernation", "antifreeze", "zoology", "ecology", "biology", "freezing tolerance"], "species": ["macaque", "tonkean macaque", "vertebrates", "insects", "macaques", "macaca tonkeana", "mammals"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.032786885245901, 0.0, 0.016393442622950002, 0.016393442622950002, 0.032786885245901, 0.0, 0.032786885245901], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2132453645", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V205086949"], "venue_names": ["American Journal of Botany", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Physiological and Biochemical Zoology", "Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics"], "author_ids": ["A2228520040", "A2118702511"], "author_names": ["Shelley A. Etnier", "Steven Vogel"], "reference_ids": ["W2147406927", "W1909461876", "W2069028098", "W2061126339", "W2135279699", "W1921571842", "W2032677209"], "title": "Reorientation of daffodil(Narcissus: Amaryllidaceae) flowers inwind: drag reduction andtorsional flexibility.", "abstract": "daffodil flowers extend laterally from the long axes of their stems; as a result, wind on a flower exerts torsional as well as flexural stress on the stem. stems respond by twisting, and thus flowers reorient to face downwind in moderate winds, in the process reducing their drag by \u223c30%. this repositioning is facilitated by the stems' relatively low torsional stiffness. daffodil stems have a ratio of flexural to torsional stiffness of 13.27 \u00b1 0.96 (sd), compared with 8.33 \u00b1 3.20 (sd) for tulip stems, which bear flowers as symmetrical extensions of their long axes, and compared with 1.5 for isotropic, incompressible, circular cylinders.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2307/2656682", "petalID": 1001, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0506590102", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/102/50/18213.full?origin=publication_detail", "mag_terms": ["aerodynamic force", "wing", "amplitude", "kinematics", "aerodynamics", "vortex", "stroke", "constant", "mechanics", "physics"], "species": ["daffodil"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.057142857142857], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2028047168", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V91612243"], "venue_names": ["Primates", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A3185147428", "A2116965472"], "author_names": ["Richard W. Wrangham", "Toshisada Nishida"], "reference_ids": ["W1535207151", "W2045882670", "W2056077767", "W2073871696", "W2054820883", "W2033645589", "W3214755789", "W2294082396", "W3217080220", "W1549297455", "W2097419819"], "title": "Aspilia spp. Leaves: A puzzle in the feeding behavior of wild chimpanzees", "abstract": "unlike other chimpanzee food items, the leaves ofaspilia pluriseta, a. rudis and a. mossambicensis (compositae) are eaten without being chewed. moreover,a. pluriseta anda. rudis are eaten slowly and singly and particularly in the early morning. this unusual behavior suggests thataspilia leaves offer peculiar stimuli, perhaps with pharmacological effects.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41602/1/10329_2006_Article_BF02381090.pdf", "petalID": 1002, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.035758", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/3/502", "mag_terms": ["cucujus", "overwintering", "cucujidae", "dry weight", "larva", "supercooling", "vitrification", "bark", "horticulture", "botany", "biology"], "species": ["chimpanzee"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0625], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2056530301", "mesh_terms": ["Houseflies", "Insect Repellents", "Insect Repellents", "Nepeta", "Oils, Volatile", "Animals", "Cats", "DEET", "DEET", "Female", "Houseflies", "Insect Repellents", "Irritants", "Irritants", "Male", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred Strains", "Narcotics", "Narcotics", "Narcotics", "Oils, Volatile", "Oils, Volatile", "Rabbits", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Skin", "Skin", "Skin"], "venue_ids": ["V207638786"], "venue_names": ["Medical and Veterinary Entomology"], "author_ids": ["A2952901912", "A2684904120", "A1971334953", "A2423619754", "A2112423462", "A2654676104"], "author_names": ["Junwei Zhu", "X.-P. Zeng", "Dennis R. Berkebile", "H.-J. Du", "Y. Tong", "K. Qian"], "reference_ids": ["W596186663", "W2296631036", "W2060826790", "W1965517319", "W2173489407", "W2285943362", "W2311902495", "W1981821887", "W2080014437", "W2172926275", "W2350366792", "W2133465603", "W2203783731", "W1516961694", "W2469244181", "W1495164793", "W2057118821", "W2416110550", "W2107060450", "W2040971279", "W165581505", "W164068889", "W1748193343", "W2176760596", "W3128233165", "W2018739369"], "title": "Efficacy and safety of catnip (Nepeta cataria) as a novel filth fly repellent.", "abstract": "catnip (nepeta cataria) is known for its pseudo-narcotic effects on cats. recently, it has been reported as an effective mosquito repellent against several aedes and culex species, both topically and spatially. our laboratory bioassays showed that catnip essential oil (at a dosage of 20 mg) resulted in average repellency rates of 96% against stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) and 79% against houseflies, musca domestica (l.), respectively. this finding suggested that the application of repellent could be used as part of filth fly management. further evaluations of catnip oil toxicity were conducted to provide a broad-spectrum safety profile of catnip oil use as a potential biting and nuisance insect repellent in urban settings. acute oral, dermal, inhalation, primary dermal and eye irritation toxicity tests were performed. the acute oral ld(50) of catnip oil was found to be 3160 mg/kg body weight (bw) and 2710 mg/kg bw in female and male rats, respectively. the acute dermal ld50 was > 5000 mg/kg bw. the acute inhalation ld50 was observed to be > 10,000 mg/m3. primary skin irritation tested on new zealand white rabbits showed that catnip oil is a moderate irritant. catnip oil was classified as practically non-irritating to the eye. in comparison with other u.s. environmental protection agency-approved mosquito repellents (deet, picaridin and p-menthane-3,8-diol), catnip oil can be considered as a relatively safe repellent, which may cause minor skin irritation.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1401&context=usdaarsfacpub", "petalID": 1003, "doi": "10.1007/S10886-005-5288-Z", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_fungi"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10886-005-5288-z", "mag_terms": ["exobasidium vexans", "proanthocyanidin", "catechin", "delphinidin", "cyanidin", "theobromine", "theaceae", "gallate", "food science", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["musca domestica", "cat", "musca", "rat", "flies", "stomoxys", "aedes", "nepeta cataria", "stomoxys calcitrans", "rabbits", "cats", "rabbit", "catnip", "rats"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.011904761904761, 0.09523809523809501, 0.011904761904761, 0.035714285714285005, 0.023809523809523003, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.0, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.011904761904761, 0.05952380952380901, 0.011904761904761], "relative_relevancy": [0.125, 1.0, 0.125, 0.375, 0.25, 0.125, 0.125, 0.0, 0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.625, 0.125]}, - {"paper": "W2024881775", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V19730638"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Materials Research", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2143026086", "A2130292786", "A2158931651", "A2467703828"], "author_names": ["Kalpana S. Katti", "Dinesh R. Katti", "Shashindra M. Pradhan", "Arundhati Bhosle"], "reference_ids": ["W245473527", "W2055546433", "W2186748064", "W1554097475", "W2081588461", "W2021396928", "W1973979207", "W2167129428", "W1978859898", "W1999096092"], "title": "Platelet interlocks are the key to toughness and strength in nacre", "abstract": "nacre, the inner layer of mollusk shells is a composite made of platelets of mineral aragonitic calcium carbonate with a few weight percent organic material sandwiched in between. the organic and nanostructural nuances are often suggested to be the reason for the extreme toughness of nacre. here we report the presence of interlocks between platelets of nacre from red abalone. we also report and show, using three-dimensional finite element modeling, that interlocks are the key mechanism for the high toughness and strength of nacre. the observed rotation between platelet layers, which were earlier reported as defects of structure, are necessary for the formation of interlocks.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1004, "doi": "10.1038/NATURE20140", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "send_chemical_signals", "manage populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_animals", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature20140", "mag_terms": ["plant tolerance to herbivory", "herbivore", "population", "community", "biodiversity", "agroecology", "ecology", "nutrient", "genetic diversity", "agronomy", "biology"], "species": ["abalone", "red abalone"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.03125, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, + {"paper": "W2024881775", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V19730638"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Materials Research", "PLOS ONE"], "author_ids": ["A2143026086", "A2130292786", "A2158931651", "A2467703828"], "author_names": ["Kalpana S. Katti", "Dinesh R. Katti", "Shashindra M. Pradhan", "Arundhati Bhosle"], "reference_ids": ["W245473527", "W2055546433", "W2186748064", "W1554097475", "W2081588461", "W2021396928", "W1973979207", "W2167129428", "W1978859898", "W1999096092"], "title": "Platelet interlocks are the key to toughness and strength in nacre", "abstract": "nacre, the inner layer of mollusk shells is a composite made of platelets of mineral aragonitic calcium carbonate with a few weight percent organic material sandwiched in between. the organic and nanostructural nuances are often suggested to be the reason for the extreme toughness of nacre. here we report the presence of interlocks between platelets of nacre from red abalone. we also report and show, using three-dimensional finite element modeling, that interlocks are the key mechanism for the high toughness and strength of nacre. the observed rotation between platelet layers, which were earlier reported as defects of structure, are necessary for the formation of interlocks.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1004, "doi": "10.1038/NATURE20140", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "send_chemical_signals", "manage_populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_animals", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature20140", "mag_terms": ["plant tolerance to herbivory", "herbivore", "population", "community", "biodiversity", "agroecology", "ecology", "nutrient", "genetic diversity", "agronomy", "biology"], "species": ["abalone", "red abalone"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.03125, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2063321453", "mesh_terms": ["Biomechanical Phenomena", "Cell Wall", "Cell Wall", "Diatoms", "Diatoms", "Animals", "Calibration", "Carbon", "Carbon", "Cell Wall", "Diatoms", "Diatoms", "Diatoms", "Food Chain", "Glass", "Needles", "Phytoplankton", "Phytoplankton", "Phytoplankton", "Phytoplankton", "Phytoplankton", "Silicon Dioxide", "Species Specificity"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Functional Ecology", "New Phytologist", "American Journal of Botany", "Austral Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2097974583", "A2011503763", "A2166291448", "A223063035", "A2604953543", "A2600614746", "A2002087134"], "author_names": ["Christian Hamm", "Rudolf Merkel", "Olaf Springer", "Piotr Jurkojc", "Christian W. Maier", "Kathrin Prechtel", "Victor Smetacek"], "reference_ids": ["W2037812407", "W2007511422", "W1965456724", "W2044529263", "W630692912", "W2023159838", "W2105665647", "W2152729400", "W790958874", "W2083129881", "W2773749131", "W2057323570", "W2098913039", "W2005435829", "W2068730761", "W2326412161", "W2765380318", "W1980850040", "W1990838989", "W2033182945", "W2089008850", "W2039772156", "W2132239756", "W2031277650", "W2008548048", "W2115887562"], "title": "Architecture and material properties of diatom shells provide effective mechanical protection", "abstract": "diatoms are the major contributors to phytoplankton blooms in lakes and in the sea and hence are central in aquatic ecosystems and the global carbon cycle1. all free-living diatoms differ from other phytoplankton groups in having silicified cell walls in the form of two \u2018shells\u2019 (the frustule) of manifold shape and intricate architecture2 whose function and role, if any, in contributing to the evolutionary success of diatoms is under debate3,4,5. we explored the defence potential of the frustules as armour against predators by measuring their strength. real and virtual loading tests (using calibrated glass microneedles and finite element analysis) were performed on centric and pennate diatom cells. here we show that the frustules are remarkably strong by virtue of their architecture and the material properties of the diatom silica. we conclude that diatom frustules have evolved as mechanical protection for the cells because exceptional force is required to break them. the evolutionary arms race between diatoms and their specialized predators will have had considerable influence in structuring pelagic food webs and biogeochemical cycles.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/5688/1/Ham2002b.pdf", "petalID": 1005, "doi": "10.1111/J.1442-9993.2009.01973.X", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "change_size/shape"], "level3": ["distribute_or_expel_energy"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.01973.x", "mag_terms": ["specific leaf area", "plant community", "woody plant", "trait", "temperate forest", "temperate climate", "biology", "botany", "ecology", "form and function", "scale dependent"], "species": ["diatoms"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.066666666666666], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2007271100", "mesh_terms": ["Biophysical Phenomena", "Fruit", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Membrane Lipids", "Plant Epidermis", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biophysical Phenomena", "Flavonoids", "Flavonoids", "Fruit", "Fruit", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Membrane Lipids", "Plant Epidermis", "Polysaccharides", "Polysaccharides", "Temperature", "Water", "Water", "Waxes", "Waxes"], "venue_ids": ["V167743172"], "venue_names": ["Plant Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A3115658301", "A2157148842", "A2167817510"], "author_names": ["Eva Dom\u00ednguez", "Jes\u00fas Cuartero", "Antonio Heredia"], "reference_ids": ["W2005690093", "W2046433830", "W2057555284", "W2094226300", "W2099131048", "W2164819229", "W2011440516", "W2167078911", "W2568612663", "W89576079", "W1980158599", "W2051928332", "W2104930935", "W1976672093", "W1980025213", "W2010376309", "W2164674391", "W1977183366", "W2125052581", "W2156990942", "W1587352837", "W2003962689", "W2079347456", "W2413781634", "W1600419750", "W1974599548", "W2158715711", "W2257436482", "W2912999439", "W1573952179", "W1952568114", "W1966153048", "W2099765642", "W2170556359", "W2021619394", "W2033272978", "W2122328980", "W2131295411", "W2142283822", "W2170489190", "W2002115219", "W2074934411", "W2148160164", "W2029643432", "W2308318145", "W1484095042", "W1700776583", "W2014812692", "W2032787857", "W2090766820", "W2320382211", "W1991882516", "W2002301753", "W2101504860", "W3082825685", "W152658846", "W2087142132", "W1615927438", "W1564884519", "W2069028098", "W607346563", "W765886580", "W2117855074", "W2405173411", "W3021343360", "W1598116452", "W1993499983", "W2101065700", "W1980073252", "W1821582000", "W2115465954", "W2144744158", "W1999252554", "W2166586228", "W2515065905", "W2885036201", "W1921799994", "W2129687313", "W2134767034", "W2314460577", "W2126777023", "W2145950226", "W1968594317", "W2091075059", "W2167927738", "W153308617", "W1543928365", "W2001824684", "W2089299716", "W2418320620"], "title": "An overview on plant cuticle biomechanics.", "abstract": "plant biomechanics combines the principles of physics, chemistry and engineering to answer questions about plant growth, development and interaction with the environment. the epidermal-growth-control theory, postulated in 1867 and verified in 2007, states that epidermal cells determine the rate of organ elongation since they are under tension, while inner tissues are under compression. the lipid cuticle layer is deposited on the surface of outer epidermal cell walls and modifies the chemical and mechanical nature of these cell walls. thus, the plant cuticle plays a key role in plant interaction with the environment and in controlling organ expansion. rheological analyses indicate that the cuticle is a mostly viscoelastic and strain-hardening material that stiffens the comparatively more elastic epidermal cell walls. cuticle stiffness can be attributed to polysaccharides and flavonoids present in the cuticle whereas a cutin matrix is mainly responsible for its extensibility. environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity have a plasticizing effect on the mechanical properties of cuticle since they lower cuticle stiffness and strength. the external appearance of agricultural commodities, especially fruits, is of great economic value. mechanical properties of the cuticle can have a positive or negative effect on disorders like fruit cracking, fungal pathogen penetration and pest infestation. cuticle rheology has significant variability within a species and thus can be subjected to selection in order to breed cultivars resistant to pests, infestation and disorders.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1006, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0906424106", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/106/36/15394", "mag_terms": ["vitamin biosynthesis", "bacterial genome size", "genome", "genome size", "methionine", "methionine synthase", "gene", "amino acid", "genetics", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2007271100", "mesh_terms": ["Biophysical Phenomena", "Fruit", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Membrane Lipids", "Plant Epidermis", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biophysical Phenomena", "Flavonoids", "Flavonoids", "Fruit", "Fruit", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Membrane Lipids", "Plant Epidermis", "Polysaccharides", "Polysaccharides", "Temperature", "Water", "Water", "Waxes", "Waxes"], "venue_ids": ["V167743172"], "venue_names": ["Plant Science", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A3115658301", "A2157148842", "A2167817510"], "author_names": ["Eva Dom\u00ednguez", "Jes\u00fas Cuartero", "Antonio Heredia"], "reference_ids": ["W2005690093", "W2046433830", "W2057555284", "W2094226300", "W2099131048", "W2164819229", "W2011440516", "W2167078911", "W2568612663", "W89576079", "W1980158599", "W2051928332", "W2104930935", "W1976672093", "W1980025213", "W2010376309", "W2164674391", "W1977183366", "W2125052581", "W2156990942", "W1587352837", "W2003962689", "W2079347456", "W2413781634", "W1600419750", "W1974599548", "W2158715711", "W2257436482", "W2912999439", "W1573952179", "W1952568114", "W1966153048", "W2099765642", "W2170556359", "W2021619394", "W2033272978", "W2122328980", "W2131295411", "W2142283822", "W2170489190", "W2002115219", "W2074934411", "W2148160164", "W2029643432", "W2308318145", "W1484095042", "W1700776583", "W2014812692", "W2032787857", "W2090766820", "W2320382211", "W1991882516", "W2002301753", "W2101504860", "W3082825685", "W152658846", "W2087142132", "W1615927438", "W1564884519", "W2069028098", "W607346563", "W765886580", "W2117855074", "W2405173411", "W3021343360", "W1598116452", "W1993499983", "W2101065700", "W1980073252", "W1821582000", "W2115465954", "W2144744158", "W1999252554", "W2166586228", "W2515065905", "W2885036201", "W1921799994", "W2129687313", "W2134767034", "W2314460577", "W2126777023", "W2145950226", "W1968594317", "W2091075059", "W2167927738", "W153308617", "W1543928365", "W2001824684", "W2089299716", "W2418320620"], "title": "An overview on plant cuticle biomechanics.", "abstract": "plant biomechanics combines the principles of physics, chemistry and engineering to answer questions about plant growth, development and interaction with the environment. the epidermal-growth-control theory, postulated in 1867 and verified in 2007, states that epidermal cells determine the rate of organ elongation since they are under tension, while inner tissues are under compression. the lipid cuticle layer is deposited on the surface of outer epidermal cell walls and modifies the chemical and mechanical nature of these cell walls. thus, the plant cuticle plays a key role in plant interaction with the environment and in controlling organ expansion. rheological analyses indicate that the cuticle is a mostly viscoelastic and strain-hardening material that stiffens the comparatively more elastic epidermal cell walls. cuticle stiffness can be attributed to polysaccharides and flavonoids present in the cuticle whereas a cutin matrix is mainly responsible for its extensibility. environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity have a plasticizing effect on the mechanical properties of cuticle since they lower cuticle stiffness and strength. the external appearance of agricultural commodities, especially fruits, is of great economic value. mechanical properties of the cuticle can have a positive or negative effect on disorders like fruit cracking, fungal pathogen penetration and pest infestation. cuticle rheology has significant variability within a species and thus can be subjected to selection in order to breed cultivars resistant to pests, infestation and disorders.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1006, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.0906424106", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/106/36/15394", "mag_terms": ["vitamin biosynthesis", "bacterial genome size", "genome", "genome size", "methionine", "methionine synthase", "gene", "amino acid", "genetics", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2088433910", "mesh_terms": ["Body Temperature Regulation", "Thorax", "Wasps", "Animals", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Infrared Rays", "Male", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Photography", "Thorax", "Thorax", "Wasps", "Wasps"], "venue_ids": ["V145845511"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Electron Microscopy", "Weird Nature: An Astonishing Exploration of Nature's Strangest Behavior", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Scientific Reports"], "author_ids": ["A107954970", "A2281125969", "A2030920525", "A1810340297", "A2468961769", "A2102521499"], "author_names": ["Jacob S. Ishay", "Marian Plotkin", "Natalya Y. Ermakov", "Stanislav Volynchik", "Zahava Barkay", "David J. Bergman"], "reference_ids": ["W2067801475", "W2149410873", "W2252708544", "W2034406876", "W2057043990", "W2344176943", "W2187236863", "W2044539482", "W2003809735", "W23876269", "W2040036275", "W2035195701"], "title": "The thermogenic center in social wasps.", "abstract": "in the social wasps vespa orientalis and paravespula germanica (hymenoptera, vespinae), a thermogenic center has been found in the dorsal part of the first thoracic segment. the temperature in this region of the prothorax is higher by 6-9 degrees c than that at the tip of the abdomen, and this in actively flying hornets outside the nest (workers, males or queens) as well as in hornets inside the nest that attend to the brood in the combs. on viewing the region from the outside, one discerns a canal or rather a fissure in the cuticle, which commences at the center of the dorsal surface of the prothorax and extends till the mesothorax. thus the length of this canal or fissure is approximately 5-7 mm and it is seen to contain numerous thin hairs whose shape varies from that of the hairs alongside the structure. beneath the cuticle in this region there are dorsoventral as well as longitudinal muscles in abundance, much the same as the musculature in the remaining thoracic segments (i.e. the meso- and metathorax), which activate the two pairs of wings. the canal-bearing segment is of course devoid of wings, and its dorsoventral muscles are attached to the cuticle, which in this region resembles a bowl harboring several layers of epithelium that boasts numerous butterfly-shaped tracheal branches. additionally there are layers that display lymph-filled spaces and also perforated layers and depressions, and beneath all these is a lace-like layer that also coats the cuticle's hollows. underneath the cuticle proper, there are numerous large mitochondria and tracheae, which occupy a considerable part of the cuticular epithelium surface. these abundant mitochondria are, most probably, the main element of heat production in the thermogenic center.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1007, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.038992", "level1": ["assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["change_size/shape", "protect_from_living_threats", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/7/1092", "mag_terms": ["vesicle", "hydrostatic pressure", "myxine glutinosa", "mucin", "hagfish", "mucus", "exudate", "osmoregulation", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["hornets", "vespa", "vespinae", "hymenoptera", "vespa orientalis", "wasps", "bowl", "trachea"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.024691358024691003, 0.012345679012345002, 0.012345679012345002, 0.012345679012345002, 0.012345679012345002, 0.012345679012345002, 0.012345679012345002, 0.024691358024691003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2141503286", "mesh_terms": ["Desert Climate", "Snails", "Adaptation, Biological", "Animals", "Body Composition", "Body Temperature Regulation", "Calcium", "Calcium", "Carbohydrates", "Carbohydrates", "Drinking Behavior", "Ecology", "Food Supply", "Hot Temperature", "Lipids", "Lipids", "Oxygen Consumption", "Proteins", "Proteins", "Snails", "Species Specificity", "Water", "Water", "Water", "Water Supply"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Functional Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A119311694", "A3153998652", "A2658979285"], "author_names": ["Knut Schmidt-Nielsen", "C. R. Taylor", "Amiram Shkolnik"], "reference_ids": ["W2472428966", "W2493196684", "W2615615024", "W2081263726", "W2525507766", "W1978416271", "W2011734516", "W1535619043", "W2587990726", "W2345430082", "W2021845661"], "title": "Desert snails: problems of heat, water and food.", "abstract": "animal material. sphincterochila boissieri (charpentier, 1847) is a fairly small snail (average weight about 4 g) with a chalky-white shell. animals used for laboratory studies were collected in the central negev near avdat and sde bokher and shipped by air to duke university. summer field studies were carried out in the same area, where the mean annual rainfall is less than 100 mm. the rains are concentrated in the winter months, from november to march, and during this period the snails are active, feed, and reproduce. during the remainder of the year the snails presumably remain dormant. three types of mineral surface material are common in this area: (a) a. firmly packed powdery soil or loess, (b) limestone rocks and pebbles with a granular, disintegrating surface, and (c) broken-up black flint. while sphincterochila is common in the loesslimestone areas, it is much less common on the flint substratum. sphincterochila is a mud-eater; that is, after rain it comes out and eats large quantities of the surface material (loess); and, in our experience, also material from the surface of limestone rocks and pebbles. the digestible material contained in this predominantly mineral diet is primarily algae and lichens. sphincterochila shows no obvious interest in those higher plants which are eaten by other snails in the same area, such as eremina and helicella. more detailed information about the ecology of these desert snails has recently become available (yom-tov, 1970).", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1008, "doi": "10.1016/J.FLORA.2005.06.010", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0367253005001258", "mag_terms": ["photoprotection", "plant physiology", "abiotic component", "photosynthesis", "photoinhibition", "camouflage", "herbivore", "botany", "ecology", "biology", "reflectivity"], "species": ["plants", "higher plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012820512820512001, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2038184539", "mesh_terms": ["Bodily Secretions", "Dolphins", "Skin", "Skin", "Animals", "Bodily Secretions", "Dolphins", "Dolphins", "Microscopy, Electron", "Organic Chemicals", "Organic Chemicals", "Skin", "Spectrum Analysis", "Surface Properties"], "venue_ids": ["V56828788"], "venue_names": ["Biofouling", "American Journal of Botany", "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A", "Plant, Cell & Environment"], "author_ids": ["A3075534108", "A2689186859", "A2298004696", "A2792352883", "A2072256132", "A2083152718", "A2136272127"], "author_names": ["Christof Baum", "Frank Simon", "Wilfried Meyer", "L.-G. Fleischer", "D. Siebers", "Johannes Kacza", "Johannes Seeger"], "reference_ids": ["W2036594376", "W1490282547", "W2002176860", "W2147933772", "W61840002", "W2249661742", "W2075610436", "W2417898645", "W1996290334", "W2082668953", "W2012133135", "W2130460266", "W1970904379", "W2484054816", "W2126795824", "W2244939936"], "title": "Surface Properties of the Skin of the Pilot Whale Globicephala melas", "abstract": "on the skin surface of delphinids small biofoulers are challenged to high shear water flow and liquid-vapor interfaces of air-bubbles during jumping. this state of self-cleaning is supported by the even, nano-rough gel-coated epidermal surface of the skin. the present study focussed on the intercellular evolution of gel formation and the chemical composition of the gel smoothing the skin surface of the pilot whale, globicephala melas, using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) in combination with cryo-scanning electron microscopy (csm), and transmission electron microscopy (tem). in the superficial layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, intercellular material was shown by electron optical methods to assemble from smaller into larger covalently cross-linked aggregates during the transit of the corneocytes towards the skin surface. xps measurements showed that the surface of the skin and the intercellular gel included approximately the same amounts of polar groups (especially, free amines and amides) and non-polar groups, corresponding to the presence of lipid droplets dispersed within the jelly material. it was concluded from the results that the gel-coat of the skin surface is a chemically heterogeneous skin product. the advantages of chemically heterogeneous patches contributing to the ablation of traces of the biofouling process are discussed.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/7779/1/Bau2003a.pdf", "petalID": 1009, "doi": "10.1111/J.1365-3040.2004.01223.X", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["distribute_or_expel _resources", "store_resources"], "level3": ["distribute_liquids", "store_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01223.x", "mag_terms": ["specific leaf area", "photosynthetic capacity", "ontogeny", "epiphyte", "phyllotaxis", "photosynthesis", "habit", "adaptation", "botany", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["globicephala", "whale", "globicephala melas"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001, 0.014705882352941001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ {"paper": "W2101207776", "mesh_terms": ["Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "DNA-Binding Proteins", "Flowers", "Transcription Factors", "Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "DNA, Bacterial", "DNA, Bacterial", "DNA-Binding Proteins", "DNA-Binding Proteins", "Flowers", "Flowers", "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant", "Genetic Complementation Test", "Mutagenesis, Insertional", "Mutation", "Photoperiod", "Transcription Factors", "Transcription Factors", "Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases", "Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases"], "venue_ids": ["V48849333"], "venue_names": ["The Plant Cell", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A2165779880", "A2028974036", "A2063145852", "A2149720112", "A2346952362", "A1540487884", "A2601092361", "A2462858073"], "author_names": ["Karl Morris", "Sarah Elizabeth Thornber", "Lesley Codrai", "Curtis R. Richardson", "Adam T. Craig", "Ari Sadanandom", "Brian Thomas", "Stephen D. Jackson"], "reference_ids": ["W2052273506", "W2088095134", "W1993304077", "W2063226345", "W2096712225", "W2049503176", "W2153576821", "W2795843258", "W2089047063", "W1662807310", "W1967008937", "W2000009089", "W2139454454", "W2155706201", "W2012447671", "W2017126312", "W2165902959", "W2133723991", "W2071903046", "W2104177541", "W2157676028", "W2102091140", "W2133438017", "W2018604999", "W2116122104", "W1990834064", "W2164556705", "W2010897775", "W1985404347", "W2041944666", "W2063799895", "W2038510862", "W2047766633", "W2044141063", "W2136807886", "W2166639411", "W2134741545", "W2142124646", "W2047858731", "W1965717790"], "title": "DAY NEUTRAL FLOWERING Represses CONSTANS to Prevent Arabidopsis Flowering Early in Short Days", "abstract": "the photoperiodic response in arabidopsis thaliana requires the precise regulation of constans (co) expression in relation to the light period during the day. in short days (sds) levels of co expression are normally low during the light period, and this results in delayed flowering compared with long days (lds) when co expression rises to high levels before the end of the light period. we identified a novel flowering time gene called day neutral flowering (dnf) that acts in the same flowering pathway as co. dnf is a membrane-bound e3 ligase that represses co expression and plays an important role in maintaining low levels of co expression in sds. the effect of dnf on the rhythm of co expression is essential for the photoperiodic response of arabidopsis, enabling it to have a different flowering response in lds and sds.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.plantcell.org/content/22/4/1118.full.pdf", "petalID": 1016, "doi": "10.1038/423021A", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["send_signals", "process_signals", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["send_electrical/magnetic_signals", "respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/423021a", "mag_terms": ["ion channel", "transistor", "structural biology", "nanotechnology", "biology", "voltage sensor"], "species": ["arabidopsis thaliana"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018867924528301], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1997912624", "mesh_terms": ["Caniformia", "Rheology", "Vibration", "Vibrissae", "Analysis of Variance", "Animals", "Caniformia", "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "Species Specificity", "Swimming", "Swimming", "Tomography, X-Ray Computed", "Vibrissae", "Vibrissae"], "venue_ids": ["V202381698"], "venue_names": ["PLOS ONE", "Physical Review Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2550269776", "A2163013278", "A2167782634", "A2161065742", "A2598167384"], "author_names": ["Christin T. Murphy", "William C. Eberhardt", "Benton H. Calhoun", "Kenneth A. Mann", "David A. Mann"], "reference_ids": ["W2055701735", "W2103518758", "W2128204410", "W2740373864", "W2167937195", "W1999783557", "W199323093", "W182244607", "W1996554410", "W1974320648", "W2164619208", "W2134940518", "W2113524605", "W2017020870", "W2039070089", "W2060131782", "W2099540110", "W2110306790", "W2074954464", "W2080864047", "W2170076720", "W2057602512", "W2086859574", "W1807481884", "W2272844209", "W568610590", "W1622483838", "W2103533176", "W2487035142"], "title": "Effect of angle on flow-induced vibrations of pinniped vibrissae.", "abstract": "two types of vibrissal surface structures, undulated and smooth, exist among pinnipeds. most phocidae have vibrissae with undulated surfaces, while otariidae, odobenidae, and a few phocid species possess vibrissae with smooth surfaces. variations in cross-sectional profile and orientation of the vibrissae also exist between pinniped species. these factors may influence the way that the vibrissae behave when exposed to water flow. this study investigated the effect that vibrissal surface structure and orientation have on flow-induced vibrations of pinniped vibrissae. laser vibrometry was used to record vibrations along the whisker shaft from the undulated vibrissae of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) and the smooth vibrissae of california sea lions (zalophus californianus). vibrations along the whisker shaft were measured in a flume tank, at three orientations (0\u00b0, 45\u00b0, 90\u00b0) to the water flow. the results show that vibration frequency and velocity ranges were similar for both undulated and smooth vibrissae. angle of orientation, rather than surface structure, had the greatest effect on flow-induced vibrations. vibration velocity was up to 60 times higher when the wide, flat aspect of the whisker faced into the flow (90\u00b0), compared to when the thin edge faced into the flow (0\u00b0). vibration frequency was also dependent on angle of orientation. peak frequencies were measured up to 270 hz and were highest at the 0\u00b0 orientation for all whiskers. furthermore, ct scanning was used to quantify the three-dimensional structure of pinniped vibrissae that may influence flow interactions. the ct data provide evidence that all vibrissae are flattened in cross-section to some extent and that differences exist in the orientation of this profile with respect to the major curvature of the hair shaft. these data support the hypothesis that a compressed cross-sectional profile may play a key role in reducing self-noise of the vibrissae.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069872&type=printable", "petalID": 1017, "doi": "10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.104.158302", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down", "modify/convert_energy", "assemble/break_down_structure", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["modify/convert_chemical_energy", "protect_from_non-living_threats", "change_material_properties"], "level3": ["protect_from_light"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.158302", "mag_terms": ["chemical energy", "dissipation", "membrane", "photosynthetic reaction centre", "chemical physics", "excitation", "trapping", "atomic physics", "kinetics", "network planning and design", "materials science"], "species": ["phoca vitulina", "zalophus californianus", "mirounga angustirostris", "sea lions", "northern elephant seal", "phocidae", "otariidae", "seals", "harbor seal", "odobenidae", "lion", "california sea lion", "seal"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.009523809523809, 0.0, 0.009523809523809, 0.009523809523809, 0.019047619047619, 0.009523809523809, 0.009523809523809, 0.009523809523809, 0.009523809523809, 0.019047619047619], "relative_relevancy": [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2058976383", "mesh_terms": ["Gryllidae", "Locomotion", "Animals", "Extremities", "Extremities", "Gryllidae", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V128425624"], "venue_names": ["Current Biology", "Physics of Fluids", "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A", "Bioinspiration & Biomimetics", "Journal of Morphology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Journal of Fish Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2129610999", "A2105078369"], "author_names": ["Malcolm Burrows", "Gregory P. Sutton"], "reference_ids": ["W1956264703", "W2020178413", "W2012556129", "W2041703890", "W2090101435", "W2152803299", "W2156521277", "W960987787", "W2099036704"], "title": "Pygmy mole crickets jump from water.", "abstract": "summary - animals that live or repeatedly alight on the surface of water often need to escape from predators or return to land. we show that flightless pygmy mole crickets use a new strategy to jump rapidly from water. their powerful hind legs are moved so quickly that they penetrate the surface and as they move through the water, unique arrays of spring-loaded paddles and spurs fan out to increase surface area. this enables these insects to propel a large volume of water downwards in a laminar flow, so that they are launched upwards into the air.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0960982212012663/pdf", "petalID": 1018, "doi": "10.1088/1748-3182/3/4/046005", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement", "passive_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3182/3/4/046005", "mag_terms": ["boundary layer control", "boundary layer", "particle image velocimetry", "flow visualization", "water tunnel", "flow velocity", "vortex", "slip", "mechanics", "optics", "materials science"], "species": ["crickets", "insects", "mole crickets"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.034482758620689, 0.034482758620689, 0.034482758620689], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W1975415990", "mesh_terms": ["Copper", "Copper", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Repressor Proteins", "Transcription Factors", "Copper", "Copper", "Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial", "Homeostasis", "Models, Biological", "Models, Molecular", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid", "Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid", "Repressor Proteins", "Transcription Factors"], "venue_ids": ["V51309854"], "venue_names": ["Nature Chemical Biology", "BioScience", "Science of the Total Environment", "Mammal Review", "Geophysical Research Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2422566705"], "author_names": ["Carrie M. Wilmot"], "reference_ids": ["W1999294120", "W2127974176", "W2161407287", "W2112733461", "W2084760062"], "title": "Fighting toxic copper in a bacterial pathogen", "abstract": "a copper-responsive transcriptional repressor with an unusual dna binding fold has been identified that represents the founding member of an extensive new family of bacterial transcriptional regulators.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1019, "doi": "10.1111/J.1365-2907.2005.00067.X", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "group_benefit"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00067.x", "mag_terms": ["beaver dam", "european beaver", "beaver", "castor canadensis", "ecological release", "ecosystem engineer", "keystone species", "species diversity", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W1975415990", "mesh_terms": ["Copper", "Copper", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Repressor Proteins", "Transcription Factors", "Copper", "Copper", "Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial", "Homeostasis", "Models, Biological", "Models, Molecular", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid", "Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid", "Repressor Proteins", "Transcription Factors"], "venue_ids": ["V51309854"], "venue_names": ["Nature Chemical Biology", "BioScience", "Science of the Total Environment", "Mammal Review", "Geophysical Research Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2422566705"], "author_names": ["Carrie M. Wilmot"], "reference_ids": ["W1999294120", "W2127974176", "W2161407287", "W2112733461", "W2084760062"], "title": "Fighting toxic copper in a bacterial pathogen", "abstract": "a copper-responsive transcriptional repressor with an unusual dna binding fold has been identified that represents the founding member of an extensive new family of bacterial transcriptional regulators.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1019, "doi": "10.1111/J.1365-2907.2005.00067.X", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation"], "level3": ["control_erosion", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00067.x", "mag_terms": ["beaver dam", "european beaver", "beaver", "castor canadensis", "ecological release", "ecosystem engineer", "keystone species", "species diversity", "ecology", "biology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2168981970", "mesh_terms": ["Drosophila melanogaster", "Flight, Animal", "Models, Anatomic", "Wings, Animal", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Drosophila melanogaster", "Flight, Animal", "Rheology", "Time Factors", "Wings, Animal"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["California Institute of Technology - CaltechAUTHORS", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2109951638", "A1985854831", "A2266796342"], "author_names": ["Fritz-Olaf Lehmann", "Sanjay P. Sane", "Michael H. Dickinson"], "reference_ids": ["W1987996887", "W2045343226", "W2156421840", "W2021495108", "W2139655542", "W2323712712", "W2130879907", "W1896601104", "W2166251540", "W2152012061", "W2074919290", "W2078989349", "W2078354193", "W2285864661", "W1997386560", "W2080340386", "W1948275558", "W2337667243", "W1994366584", "W2092186054", "W2167263218", "W2071459964", "W2051788799", "W2327511047", "W2345764264", "W2056707553", "W2102922067", "W2117726939", "W1903904117", "W2126269464", "W2154159138", "W2035582186", "W2080524911", "W2166675800", "W2401174741", "W2069414577", "W2122861279", "W2765990625", "W1963636759", "W2148970654", "W2041167909", "W1990457008", "W2004420873", "W2012746517", "W2126476514", "W1978975165", "W2189500098", "W2059675725", "W1903589887", "W2037985446", "W2139035728", "W2163844338", "W84147093"], "title": "The aerodynamic effects of wing\u2013wing interaction in flapping insect wings", "abstract": "we employed a dynamically scaled mechanical model of the small fruit fly drosophila melanogaster (reynolds number 100\u2013200) to investigate force enhancement due to contralateral wing interactions during stroke reversal (the 'clap-and-fling'). the results suggest that lift enhancement during clap-and-fling requires an angular separation between the two wings of no more than 10\u201312\u00b0. within the limitations of the robotic apparatus, the clap-and-fling augmented total lift production by up to 17%, but depended strongly on stroke kinematics. the time course of the interaction between the wings was quite complex. for example, wing interaction attenuated total force during the initial part of the wing clap, but slightly enhanced force at the end of the clap phase. we measured two temporally transient peaks of both lift and drag enhancement during the fling phase: a prominent peak during the initial phase of the fling motion, which accounts for most of the benefit in lift production, and a smaller peak of force enhancement at the end fling when the wings started to move apart. a detailed digital particle image velocimetry (dpiv) analysis during clap-and-fling showed that the most obvious effect of the bilateral 'image' wing on flow occurs during the early phase of the fling, due to a strong fluid influx between the wings as they separate. the dpiv analysis revealed, moreover, that circulation induced by a leading edge vortex (lev) during the early fling phase was smaller than predicted by inviscid two-dimensional analytical models, whereas circulation of lev nearly matched the predictions of weis-fogh's inviscid model at late fling phase. in addition, the presence of the image wing presumably causes subtle modifications in both the wake capture and viscous forces. collectively, these effects explain some of the changes in total force and lift production during the fling. quite surprisingly, the effect of clap-and-fling is not restricted to the dorsal part of the stroke cycle but extends to the beginning of upstroke, suggesting that the presence of the image wing distorts the gross wake structure throughout the stroke cycle.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/208/16/3075.full.pdf", "petalID": 1020, "doi": "10.1093/JXB/ERP359", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_fungi"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/61/3/911/478029", "mag_terms": ["nepenthes khasiana", "carnivorous plant", "chitin", "defence mechanisms", "secretion", "aspergillus", "insect", "cytotoxicity", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": ["fruit fly", "drosophila melanogaster", "melanogaster", "drosophila"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009523809523809, 0.009523809523809, 0.009523809523809, 0.009523809523809], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2170012681", "mesh_terms": ["Annelida", "Proteins", "Amino Acid Sequence", "Animals", "Annelida", "Expressed Sequence Tags", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Proteins", "Proteins", "Proteins", "RNA", "RNA", "RNA", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Sequence Alignment"], "venue_ids": ["V3006207977"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"], "author_ids": ["A52579792", "A1993155101", "A2171019630", "A230137724", "A2045911127", "A2301937048"], "author_names": ["Victoria S. Haritos", "Ajay Pundalikrao Niranjane", "Sarah Weisman", "Holly E. Trueman", "Alagacone Sriskantha", "Tara D. Sutherland"], "reference_ids": ["W1969103467", "W1976218634", "W1993210213", "W2008630616", "W2053632669", "W2132179389", "W2156407548", "W2003662648", "W2008560636", "W2082556855", "W2098863487", "W2149472608", "W2161746138", "W2056220928", "W2106882534", "W2110863368", "W4723338", "W2094620274", "W2274169141", "W2418582869", "W2113143600", "W1984046813", "W2954825549", "W2030776726", "W2114823344", "W2066688961", "W2439911581", "W2130285640", "W1951161829", "W2098869112", "W2029482176", "W1980596670", "W2119961616", "W2006192061", "W2176499553", "W2244098875", "W2101600610", "W1774151066", "W2007016963", "W2025996793", "W2158714788", "W2084333983"], "title": "Harnessing disorder: onychophorans use highly unstructured proteins, not silks, for prey capture.", "abstract": "onychophora are ancient, carnivorous soft-bodied invertebrates which capture their prey in slime that originates from dedicated glands located on either side of the head. while the biochemical composition of the slime is known, its unusual nature and the mechanism of ensnaring thread formation have remained elusive. we have examined gene expression in the slime gland from an australian onychophoran, euperipatoides rowelli, and matched expressed sequence tags to separated proteins from the slime. the analysis revealed three categories of protein present: unique high-molecular-weight proline-rich proteins, and smaller concentrations of lectins and small peptides, the latter two likely to act as protease inhibitors and antimicrobial agents. the predominant proline-rich proteins (200 kda+) are composed of tandem repeated motifs and distinguished by an unusually high proline and charged residue content. unlike the highly structured proteins such as silks used for prey capture by spiders and insects, these proteins lack ordered secondary structure over their entire length. we propose that on expulsion of slime from the gland onto prey, evaporative water loss triggers a glass transition change in the protein solution, resulting in adhesive and enmeshing thread formation, assisted by cross-linking of complementary charged and hydrophobic regions of the protein. euperipatoides rowelli has developed an entirely new method of capturing prey by harnessing disordered proteins rather than structured, silk-like proteins.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2981920?pdf=render", "petalID": 1021, "doi": "10.1016/S0300-9629(96)00270-8", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature", "protect_from_ice"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0300962996002708?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["cryoprotectant", "glucose transporter", "glyceraldehyde", "amphibian", "cold hardening", "glycogenolysis", "extracellular", "sugar", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["insects", "euperipatoides rowelli", "spiders"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.014925373134328, 0.014925373134328, 0.014925373134328], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W1613455141", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V207178839"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Geophysical Research", "IEEE/CPMT/SEMI 28th International Electronics Manufacturing Technology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A33459940", "A1615226463", "A38528957"], "author_names": ["Yves Bernab\u00e9", "C\u00e9line Bruderer-Weng", "Alexis Maineult"], "reference_ids": ["W1966772686", "W2097544968", "W2089587803", "W1997462105", "W2087375600", "W2044368181", "W2117474292", "W3113109455", "W1968309906", "W2054970503", "W2067511285", "W1969794539", "W2008956511", "W2065285415", "W2067461001", "W2068591364", "W2093681798", "W1976003395", "W2016385510", "W2040505957", "W2060409227", "W2109129867", "W2006889649", "W2085400998", "W2012525637", "W1974210778", "W2000709807", "W236234832", "W2981264952", "W1580825315", "W2054746210", "W2057566644", "W1598709673", "W2125437547", "W2145062249", "W3024620983", "W2029154406", "W2094907054", "W2008387167", "W2009326857", "W2098533259", "W2122919973", "W1966137074", "W1971494972", "W2075549266", "W2110498584"], "title": "Permeability fluctuations in heterogeneous networks with different dimensionality and topology", "abstract": "[1]\u00a0the purpose of this work was to relate the spatial fluctuations and scaling properties of the transport properties of porous rocks to their underlying pore geometry. our approach was to numerically simulate flow through networks of pipes with randomly prescribed radii. the permeability k and inverse formation factor 1/f were calculated in a large number of network realizations of varying size and degree of heterogeneity (i.e., the width of the pipe radius distribution). we generally observed a large decrease of the ensemble arithmetic averages of k and 1/f with increasing network size (i.e., negative scale effect). conversely, the ensemble geometric averages showed a moderate positive scale effect in three-dimensional simple cubic networks. we also found that in networks smaller than 32 \u00d7 32 or 10 \u00d7 10 \u00d7 10, the ensemble standard deviations of k and 1/f had a power law dependence on network size (defined as the total number of pipes) with an exponent \u03b1 varying from \u22120.5 in homogeneous networks to large negative values depending on lattice topology in highly heterogeneous ones (\u2212\u03b1 increased with increasing lattice connectiveness, i.e., with coordination number). thus at small scales the network transport properties were characterized by a nonuniversal power law scaling. at larger scales we observed a transition to a presumably \u201cuniversal\u201d power law scaling with an exponent equal to \u22120.5 independently on the degree of heterogeneity, dimensionality and lattice topology. comparing our results to published experimental data, we found a good agreement, except in cases where we suspect that the small-scale measurements suffered a significant bias (indicated by non-nested distributions at increasing scales). we speculate that the strong positive scale effect generally observed in nature is also caused by sampling bias at small scales.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01729212/file/Bernab-_et_al-2003-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Solid_Earth_%281978-2012%29.pdf", "petalID": 1022, "doi": "10.1109/IEMT.2003.1225901", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_fracture/rupture"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1225901", "mag_terms": ["moore s law", "silicon on insulator", "flip chip", "transistor", "cmos", "semiconductor device", "time to market", "modeling and simulation", "electronic engineering", "computer science", "nanotechnology"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, @@ -1060,12 +1060,12 @@ {"paper": "W2160312002", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V152956970"], "venue_names": ["Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/technology", "Science", "Nature", "Journal of Fluid Mechanics"], "author_ids": ["A710411097", "A1815199183", "A2727594972", "A2517319605", "A2017357470", "A319228353", "A413561137"], "author_names": ["N. A. Yemashova", "V. P. Murygina", "D.V. Zhukov", "Arpenik A. Zakharyantz", "M. A. Gladchenko", "Vasu D. Appanna", "Sergey Kalyuzhnyi"], "reference_ids": ["W1270090720", "W1971873917", "W1984879955", "W2096061459", "W2099957049", "W2114625219", "W2007555710", "W2480404267", "W1833875850", "W2006122771", "W2125029862", "W2163031348", "W2460797122", "W109833660", "W1967927148", "W2036019912", "W2106575296", "W2115195595", "W1610482687", "W1977263761", "W2073446943", "W2130302711", "W2132694668", "W2471590264", "W576420132", "W1492857580", "W2094400844", "W2154360269", "W1279140820", "W1505510622", "W2002669403", "W2058331194", "W2144592505", "W1997432051", "W2018248632", "W2024440003", "W2052671897", "W2090297484", "W2092019308", "W2045980167", "W1904097783", "W1997272094", "W2084729636", "W2110213253", "W2151691087", "W73742397", "W1929567230", "W1972246725", "W2157160022", "W2187158086", "W1043423671", "W1869814552", "W2117026370", "W2122853650", "W2442697645", "W1991910074", "W2003058253", "W2167854492", "W1542216447", "W2095870751", "W2113380869", "W225961947", "W1981820339", "W2111113933", "W2171324402", "W1596447224", "W1973009377", "W2080801651", "W2407204930", "W2417453027", "W2505089516", "W1530226107", "W1968401511", "W2045516960", "W2003941871", "W2416910580", "W2036231166", "W2055889421", "W2087395907", "W2124862585", "W2308204074", "W2130911289", "W2412462180", "W78385131", "W1770535073", "W1698934341", "W2024037792", "W2155302505", "W2994499411", "W2013416106", "W2027958288", "W2063800001", "W2071034563", "W2127322551", "W1590760797", "W2006328577", "W2167205402", "W2085688683", "W2086937876", "W2073971650"], "title": "Biodeterioration of crude oil and oil derived products: a review", "abstract": "biodeterioration of crude oil and oil fuels is a serious economic and an environmental problem all over the world. it is impossible to prevent penetration of microorganisms in oil and fuels both stored in tanks or in oilfields after drilling. both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms tend to colonise oil pipelines and oil and fuel storage installations. complex microbial communities consisting of both hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms and bacteria using the metabolites of the former form an ecological niche where they thrive. the accumulation of water at the bottom of storage tanks and in oil pipelines is a primary prerequisite for development of microorganisms in fuels and oil and their subsequent biological fouling. ability of microorganisms to grow both in a water phase and on inter-phase of water/hydrocarbon as well as the generation of products of their metabolism worsen the physical and chemical properties of oils and fuels. this activity also increases the amount of suspended solids, leads to the formation of slimes and creates a variety of operational problems. nowadays various test-systems are utilized for microbial monitoring in crude oils and fuels; thus allowing an express determination of both the species and the quantities of microorganisms present. to suppress microbial growth in oils and fuels, both physico-mechanical and chemical methods are applied. among chemical methods, the preference is given to substances such as biocides, additives, the anti-freezing agents etc that do not deteriorate the quality of oil and fuels and are environmentally friendly. this review is devoted to the analysis of the present knowledge in the field of microbial fouling of crude oils and oil products. the methods utilized for monitoring of microbial contamination and prevention of their undesirable activities are also evaluated. the special focus is given to russian scientific literature devoted to crude oil and oil products biodeterioration.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1058, "doi": "10.1038/28303", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_motion"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/28303", "mag_terms": ["water movements", "phoca", "aquatic animal", "predation", "seal", "fishery", "whiskers", "environmental science"], "species": ["bacteria"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010101010101010001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2331506897", "mesh_terms": ["Bionics", "Silicon Dioxide", "Animals", "Bionics", "Bionics", "Computational Biology", "Computer Simulation", "Particle Size", "Scorpions", "Silicon Dioxide", "Surface Properties"], "venue_ids": ["V75741262"], "venue_names": ["Langmuir", "Journal of Proteome Research"], "author_ids": ["A2391752396", "A1968753220", "A2680557608", "A2608939472", "A2635943916"], "author_names": ["Han Zhiwu", "Zhang Junqiu", "Ge Chao", "Wen Li", "Luquan Ren"], "reference_ids": ["W2032615576", "W1971479256", "W1982050248", "W2070034325", "W2075123437", "W2081072531", "W2016886668", "W2040823388", "W2049702724", "W2085660298", "W2769358555", "W1964353579", "W2022347384", "W2012591646", "W2039022918", "W2045272250", "W2022580155", "W2313114507", "W2032401535"], "title": "Erosion Resistance of Bionic Functional Surfaces Inspired from Desert Scorpions", "abstract": "in this paper, a bionic method is presented to improve the erosion resistance of machine components. desert scorpion (androctonus australis) is a typical animal living in sandy deserts, and may fac...", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1059, "doi": "10.1021/PR101285N", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_fungi", "protect_from_microbes"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/pr101285n", "mag_terms": ["antimicrobial peptides", "antimicrobial", "cdna library", "peptide", "bombina maxima", "complementary dna", "bacteria", "cloning", "microbiology", "biology"], "species": ["androctonus australis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0]}, {"paper": "W2146870258", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V4121844"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "Journal of Applied Phycology", "American Journal of Physiology", "Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"], "author_ids": ["A992273602", "A2145013297", "A2131736759", "A2660399661", "A1947907965"], "author_names": ["Dorinde M.M. Kleinegris", "Marjon A. van Es", "Marcel Janssen", "Willem A. Brandenburg", "Ren\u00e9 H. Wijffels"], "reference_ids": ["W1965916795", "W2030657063", "W1548356692", "W1990455449", "W2088787803", "W2163733407", "W2025011877", "W2083727009", "W2501883574", "W116253160", "W1521318222", "W1968792761", "W2087512429", "W2083605743", "W1971102736"], "title": "Carotenoid fluorescence in Dunaliella salina", "abstract": "dunaliella salina is a halotolerant green alga that is well known for its carotenoid producing capacity. the produced carotenoids are mainly stored in lipid globules. for various research purposes, such as production and extraction kinetics, we would like to determine and/or localise the carotenoid globules in vivo. in this study, we show that the carotenoid-rich globules emit clear green fluorescence, which can be used in, for example, fluorescence microscopy (e.g. clsm) to obtain pictures of the cells and their carotenoid content.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10811-010-9505-y.pdf", "petalID": 1060, "doi": "10.1152/AJPREGU.1986.251.6.R1228", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.251.6.r1228", "mag_terms": [], "species": ["dunaliella salina"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.038461538461538006], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2062461282", "mesh_terms": ["Luciferases", "Amino Acids", "Amino Acids", "Animals", "Carbohydrates", "Carbohydrates", "Catalase", "Catalase", "Copper", "Copper", "Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "Kinetics", "Luciferases", "Luminescent Measurements", "Macromolecular Substances", "Molecular Weight", "Protein Conformation"], "venue_ids": ["V104038378"], "venue_names": ["Biochemistry", "Work of Nature: How the Diversity of Life Sustains Us", "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function"], "author_ids": ["A2077901529", "A2464392267", "A2008501597"], "author_names": ["Noel G. Rudie", "Michael G. Mulkerrin", "John E. Wampler"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "Earthworm bioluminescence: characterization of high specific activity Diplocardia longa luciferase and the reaction it catalyzes", "abstract": "diplocardia longa luciferase purified by an improved procedure differs from that first described by bellisario et al. [bellisario, r., spencer, t. e., & cormier, m. j. (1972) biochemistry 11, 2256-2266] in having much higher specific activity (40x) and firmly bound, epr-silent copper. improved assay conditions suggest that this protein acts as a catalyst in a bioluminescent reaction involving the degradation of 3-(isovalerylamino)-1-hydroxypropane hydroperoxide. this substrate is formed spontaneously on the addition of hydrogen peroxide to d. longa luciferin (3-(isovalerylamino)propanal). the quantum yield of the bioluminescence for this substrate is 3%. detailed physical and chemical analyses of high specific activity d. longa luciferase indicate that it is a large (300000 daltons), asymmetric (f/fo=1.63, with 0.4 g/g hydration), multisubunit enzyme. it contains carbohydrate (6%), lipid (2%), and copper (up to 4 mol/30000 daltons). the amino acid composition is unusual with 11% by weight of the residues being either proline or hydroxyproline.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1061, "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-71630-0_5", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["manage populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-58001-7_21", "mag_terms": ["agriculture", "world population", "agroforestry", "hunter gatherer", "production", "crop rotation", "agroecosystem", "simple", "geography", "natural ecosystem"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, + {"paper": "W2062461282", "mesh_terms": ["Luciferases", "Amino Acids", "Amino Acids", "Animals", "Carbohydrates", "Carbohydrates", "Catalase", "Catalase", "Copper", "Copper", "Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "Kinetics", "Luciferases", "Luminescent Measurements", "Macromolecular Substances", "Molecular Weight", "Protein Conformation"], "venue_ids": ["V104038378"], "venue_names": ["Biochemistry", "Work of Nature: How the Diversity of Life Sustains Us", "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function"], "author_ids": ["A2077901529", "A2464392267", "A2008501597"], "author_names": ["Noel G. Rudie", "Michael G. Mulkerrin", "John E. Wampler"], "reference_ids": [], "title": "Earthworm bioluminescence: characterization of high specific activity Diplocardia longa luciferase and the reaction it catalyzes", "abstract": "diplocardia longa luciferase purified by an improved procedure differs from that first described by bellisario et al. [bellisario, r., spencer, t. e., & cormier, m. j. (1972) biochemistry 11, 2256-2266] in having much higher specific activity (40x) and firmly bound, epr-silent copper. improved assay conditions suggest that this protein acts as a catalyst in a bioluminescent reaction involving the degradation of 3-(isovalerylamino)-1-hydroxypropane hydroperoxide. this substrate is formed spontaneously on the addition of hydrogen peroxide to d. longa luciferin (3-(isovalerylamino)propanal). the quantum yield of the bioluminescence for this substrate is 3%. detailed physical and chemical analyses of high specific activity d. longa luciferase indicate that it is a large (300000 daltons), asymmetric (f/fo=1.63, with 0.4 g/g hydration), multisubunit enzyme. it contains carbohydrate (6%), lipid (2%), and copper (up to 4 mol/30000 daltons). the amino acid composition is unusual with 11% by weight of the residues being either proline or hydroxyproline.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1061, "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-71630-0_5", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["manage_populations_or_habitats", "protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-58001-7_21", "mag_terms": ["agriculture", "world population", "agroforestry", "hunter gatherer", "production", "crop rotation", "agroecosystem", "simple", "geography", "natural ecosystem"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2149509323", "mesh_terms": ["Biological Evolution", "Feeding Behavior", "Lepidoptera", "Adaptation, Biological", "Animals", "Flowers", "Lepidoptera", "Lepidoptera", "Mouth", "Mouth", "Mouth"], "venue_ids": ["V92576693"], "venue_names": ["Annual Review of Entomology", "Journal of Thermal Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2047663732"], "author_names": ["Harald W. Krenn"], "reference_ids": ["W1994237804", "W2122508680", "W2230567561", "W2332495464", "W215886025", "W1987444191", "W2044917464", "W2065848814", "W2122157718", "W2137940812", "W2469299993", "W1628449515", "W2025353712", "W2150927273", "W2155448851", "W3118198344", "W3190956853", "W1595580940", "W2327603181", "W2612505178", "W3022244486", "W1991918113", "W2082075077", "W2148999065", "W2022758522", "W2123762906", "W1966899600", "W2020963324", "W2043435133", "W2058724725", "W2158367642", "W2525079474", "W73349173", "W1557962758", "W1978290748", "W2028357976", "W2322504767", "W2018705122", "W2076442534", "W2740727483", "W2114241446", "W2152955336", "W2480272909", "W603071914", "W2005478226", "W1232118631", "W1576888712", "W1971277011", "W2058332326", "W2108176913", "W2155002628", "W1650106179", "W1881380309", "W2068006845", "W2108294660", "W2164639503", "W2527329024", "W1926229029", "W2160508732", "W2338660125", "W2977448251", "W2034813055", "W2140767352", "W2169957515", "W1973522276", "W1978961523", "W2725016917", "W3183519283", "W1994004873", "W1992443241", "W2036377821", "W2184417979", "W2253578896", "W1989957084", "W2493979639", "W1994387717", "W2149978593", "W2153473378", "W1452536161", "W1998675780", "W2046834996", "W2060957622", "W2136134467", "W625881862", "W1584311038", "W2000584214", "W2064230251", "W2483311760", "W79947304", "W1972147356", "W2021395637", "W2130791116", "W2159045127", "W2042703056", "W2017399355", "W2174016208", "W194155941", "W2001785292", "W2029784919", "W2123805418", "W2015585027", "W2085295509", "W2415239532", "W2099475415", "W2125160892", "W2166905465", "W2533084757", "W1967949471", "W2088186105", "W2096394845", "W2109785986", "W2120600512", "W2465028653", "W2142443403", "W2150730953", "W2580612237", "W1978999412", "W2004933813", "W2066013690", "W2145263981", "W2164119189", "W3121973720"], "title": "Feeding mechanisms of adult Lepidoptera: structure, function, and evolution of the mouthparts.", "abstract": "the form and function of the mouthparts in adult lepidoptera and their feeding behavior are reviewed from evolutionary and ecological points of view. the formation of the suctorial proboscis encompasses a fluid-tight food tube, special linking structures, modified sensory equipment, and novel intrinsic musculature. the evolution of these functionally important traits can be reconstructed within the lepidoptera. the proboscis movements are explained by a hydraulic mechanism for uncoiling, whereas recoiling is governed by the intrinsic proboscis musculature and the cuticular elasticity. fluid uptake is accomplished by the action of the cranial sucking pump, which enables uptake of a wide range of fluid quantities from different food sources. nectar-feeding species exhibit stereotypical proboscis movements during flower handling. behavioral modifications and derived proboscis morphology are often associated with specialized feeding preferences or an obligatory switch to alternative food sources.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4040413?pdf=render", "petalID": 1062, "doi": "10.1016/J.JTHERBIO.2010.03.002", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306456510000276?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["thermography", "body surface", "infrared", "thermal", "atmospheric sciences", "optics", "materials science", "body weight", "fight or flight response", "heat losses", "skin temperature"], "species": ["proboscis", "lepidoptera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.104166666666666, 0.041666666666666005], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.399999999999999]}, {"paper": "W2154524403", "mesh_terms": ["Light", "Photic Stimulation", "Pupil", "Retina", "Vision, Ocular", "Humans", "Pupil"], "venue_ids": ["V168548653"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "The Journal of General Physiology", "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "Biology Letters"], "author_ids": ["A2682957447"], "author_names": ["E. J. Denton"], "reference_ids": ["W640821660", "W1535183618", "W2318517747", "W2024935827", "W2419117404"], "title": "The responses of the pupil of Gekko gekko to external light stimulus.", "abstract": "1. the responses of the pupil of a nocturnal gecko (gekko gekko) to external light stimulus were studied. 2. the responses of the pupil are determined by light entering the pupil and not by light acting directly on the iris. 3. the responses of the pupil are very uniform in sensitivity including spectral sensitivity for light coming in different directions to the eye. 4. the possible change in area of the pupil is more than 300-fold and probably represents an effort to shield the pure rod retina from saturating light intensities. 5. the pupil continues to contract sharply for changes in external light intensity which give retinal illuminations corresponding to 106 quanta/sec. striking a retinal rod. 6. there is a large degree of spatial summation of the response; circular external light fields subtending 5 and 140\u00b0 giving the same illumination at the pupil give approximately the same pupil response. 7. the spectral sensitivity curve agrees with the absorption curve of an extracted pigment from a closely related gecko described by crescitelli in the followig paper. it is similar to the human scotopic curve but its maximum is displaced about 20 to 30 m\u00b5 towards the red end of the spectrum. the fall in sensitivity towards the red end of the spectrum is described by the equation see pdf for equation", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2147617?pdf=render", "petalID": 1063, "doi": "10.1098/RSBL.2010.0844", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0844", "mag_terms": ["eleutherodactylus iberia", "eleutherodactylus orientalis", "eleutherodactylidae", "aposematism", "zoology", "predation", "indolizidines", "biology", "ecology", "amphibian venoms"], "species": ["gekko"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016949152542372], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W1978907312", "mesh_terms": ["Biomass", "Cyanobacteria", "Flavodoxin", "Iron", "Metalloproteins", "Nitrogen Fixation", "Proteome", "Cyanobacteria", "Cyanobacteria", "Flavodoxin", "Iron", "Metalloproteins", "Nitrogen Fixation", "Oceans and Seas", "Proteome", "Seawater", "Seawater"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Biotropica"], "author_ids": ["A2129726690", "A2467797935", "A976917967", "A2009407712", "A2171679309", "A2165632907", "A2155771803", "A2086483615", "A2242399221"], "author_names": ["Mak A. Saito", "Erin M. Bertrand", "Stephanie Dutkiewicz", "Vladimir V. Bulygin", "Dawn M. Moran", "Fanny M. Monteiro", "Michael J. Follows", "Frederica W. Valois", "John B. Waterbury"], "reference_ids": ["W1984112966", "W2469901405", "W2029831589", "W2124462761", "W1983613885", "W2073974382", "W2061350171", "W2109593913", "W2144322641", "W1987205608", "W2028276939", "W2005689371", "W1605584576", "W1968400976", "W2120875291", "W1991123854", "W2095781267", "W2041852635", "W2017762456", "W1986098362", "W2029330897", "W2153132589", "W2051494658", "W2108751737", "W2163612817", "W2030687624", "W2045126558", "W2102146408", "W2127312406", "W2118563015", "W2041913176", "W2152005226", "W2518656513", "W2084458522", "W2107883857", "W2080146361", "W2100293054", "W2105389154", "W2127112950", "W2127544305", "W2148358710", "W1608807115", "W2071790081", "W2084620261", "W2092135170", "W2105847746", "W2109412476", "W1587333710", "W1998012305", "W2148343249"], "title": "Iron conservation by reduction of metalloenzyme inventories in the marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii", "abstract": "the marine nitrogen fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) are a major source of nitrogen to open ocean ecosystems and are predicted to be limited by iron in most marine environments. here we use global and targeted proteomic analyses on a key unicellular marine diazotroph crocosphaera watsonii to reveal large scale diel changes in its proteome, including substantial variations in concentrations of iron metalloproteins involved in nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis, as well as nocturnal flavodoxin production. the daily synthesis and degradation of enzymes in coordination with their utilization results in a lowered cellular metalloenzyme inventory that requires \u223c40% less iron than if these enzymes were maintained throughout the diel cycle. this strategy is energetically expensive, but appears to serve as an important adaptation for confronting the iron scarcity of the open oceans. a global numerical model of ocean circulation, biogeochemistry and ecosystems suggests that crocosphaera\u2019s ability to reduce its iron-metalloenzyme inventory provides two advantages: it allows crocosphaera to inhabit regions lower in iron and allows the same iron supply to support higher crocosphaera biomass and nitrogen fixation than if they did not have this reduced iron requirement.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://www.pnas.org/content/108/6/2184.full.pdf", "petalID": 1064, "doi": "10.2307/2388261", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_wind"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2388261?seq=1", "mag_terms": ["quercus laurifolia", "pinus serotina", "quercus nigra", "taxodium", "cypress", "coastal plain", "rainforest", "crown", "forestry", "ecology", "geography"], "species": ["crocosphaera watsonii"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015873015873015], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2101155409", "mesh_terms": ["Gastropoda", "Locomotion", "Adhesiveness", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Biophysical Phenomena", "Body Weight", "Gastropoda", "Gastropoda", "Locomotion", "Models, Biological", "Snails", "Snails", "Snails", "Stress, Mechanical"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["Europe PMC", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Extremophiles"], "author_ids": ["A2100254212", "A2144356734", "A2322185577", "A2170737530"], "author_names": ["Janice H. Lai", "Juan C. del \u00c1lamo", "Javier Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez", "Juan C. Lasheras"], "reference_ids": ["W2059410493", "W2158544937", "W2189268927", "W2286220519", "W1994076220", "W2339449909", "W2027696217", "W2044896567", "W2051461156", "W1969514450", "W2041754533", "W2183812260", "W2024595879", "W1939265080", "W2336901681", "W1988803663", "W2076337261", "W2077479840", "W2092852619", "W2001483351", "W1992826063", "W2135572107", "W1645447048", "W2114053889", "W2088177665"], "title": "The mechanics of the adhesive locomotion of terrestrial gastropods", "abstract": "research on the adhesive locomotion of terrestrial gastropods is gaining renewed interest as it provides a source of guidance for the design of soft biomimetic robots that can perform functions currently not achievable by conventional rigid vehicles. the locomotion of terrestrial gastropods is driven by a train of periodic muscle contractions (pedal waves) and relaxations (interwaves) that propagate from their tails to their heads. these ventral waves interact with a thin layer of mucus secreted by the animal that transmits propulsive forces to the ground. the exact mechanism by which these propulsive forces are generated is still a matter of controversy. specifically, the exact role played by the complex rheological and adhesive properties of the mucus is not clear. to provide quantitative data that could shed light on this question, we use a newly developed technique to measure, with high temporal and spatial resolution, the propulsive forces that terrestrial gastropods generate while crawling on smooth flat surfaces. the traction force measurements demonstrate the importance of the finite yield stress of the mucus in generating thrust and are consistent with the surface of the ventral foot being lifted with the passage of each pedal wave. we also show that a forward propulsive force is generated beneath each stationary interwave and that this net forward component is balanced by the resistance caused by the outer rim of the ventral foot, which slides at the speed of the center of mass of the animal. simultaneously, the animal pulls the rim laterally inward. analysis of the traction forces reveals that the kinematics of the pedal waves is far more complex than previously thought, showing significant spatial variation (acceleration/deceleration) as the waves move from the tail to the head of the animal.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/22/3920.full.pdf", "petalID": 1065, "doi": "10.1007/S00792-008-0143-0", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18286223/", "mag_terms": ["pyrolobus", "pyrolobus fumarii", "hyperthermophile", "osmoprotectant", "phosphate", "glycosylation", "extreme environment", "n linked glycosylation", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["gastropods"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.0375], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, - {"paper": "W1981040133", "mesh_terms": ["Cornus", "Flowers", "Movement", "Pollen", "Cornus", "Cornus", "Desiccation", "Flowers", "Flowers", "Kinetics", "Movement", "Movement", "North America", "Pollen", "Pollen", "Sodium Azide", "Sodium Azide", "Time Factors"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2574568325", "A2428378373", "A2691231507", "A2095659990"], "author_names": ["Joan Edwards", "Dwight Whitaker", "Sarah Klionsky", "Marta Laskowski"], "reference_ids": ["W1987897362", "W2005899194", "W2046635134", "W2130728677", "W2383223203", "W2012458690", "W2146345110", "W2795669862"], "title": "Botany: a record-breaking pollen catapult.", "abstract": "the release of stored elastic energy often drives rapid movements in animal systems1,2, and plant components employing this mechanism should be able to move with similar speed. here we describe how the flower stamens of the bunchberry dogwood (cornus canadensis) rely on this principle to catapult pollen into the air as the flower opens explosively3,4,5. our high-speed video observations show that the flower opens in less than 0.5 ms \u2014 to our knowledge, the fastest movement so far recorded in a plant.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/435164a.pdf", "petalID": 1066, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1173036", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit", "capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "capture_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/326/5956/1120", "mag_terms": ["nitrogen cycle", "nitrogen fixation", "atta", "acromyrmex", "nitrogen balance", "symbiosis", "ecosystem", "ant colony", "botany", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bunchberry", "cornus canadensis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.04, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, + {"paper": "W1981040133", "mesh_terms": ["Cornus", "Flowers", "Movement", "Pollen", "Cornus", "Cornus", "Desiccation", "Flowers", "Flowers", "Kinetics", "Movement", "Movement", "North America", "Pollen", "Pollen", "Sodium Azide", "Sodium Azide", "Time Factors"], "venue_ids": ["V137773608"], "venue_names": ["Nature", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2574568325", "A2428378373", "A2691231507", "A2095659990"], "author_names": ["Joan Edwards", "Dwight Whitaker", "Sarah Klionsky", "Marta Laskowski"], "reference_ids": ["W1987897362", "W2005899194", "W2046635134", "W2130728677", "W2383223203", "W2012458690", "W2146345110", "W2795669862"], "title": "Botany: a record-breaking pollen catapult.", "abstract": "the release of stored elastic energy often drives rapid movements in animal systems1,2, and plant components employing this mechanism should be able to move with similar speed. here we describe how the flower stamens of the bunchberry dogwood (cornus canadensis) rely on this principle to catapult pollen into the air as the flower opens explosively3,4,5. our high-speed video observations show that the flower opens in less than 0.5 ms \u2014 to our knowledge, the fastest movement so far recorded in a plant.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.nature.com/articles/435164a.pdf", "petalID": 1066, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1173036", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["capture_resources"], "level3": ["cooperate_within/between_species", "capture_gases"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/326/5956/1120", "mag_terms": ["nitrogen cycle", "nitrogen fixation", "atta", "acromyrmex", "nitrogen balance", "symbiosis", "ecosystem", "ant colony", "botany", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["bunchberry", "cornus canadensis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.04, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2020619275", "mesh_terms": ["Butterflies", "Eye", "Animals", "Butterflies", "Butterflies", "Color Perception", "Eye", "Eye", "Microscopy, Electron, Transmission", "Retina", "Retina", "Retina"], "venue_ids": ["https://openalex.org/V20257348", "V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "International Journal of Astrobiology"], "author_ids": ["A2608410889", "A1935106003", "A2050991589"], "author_names": ["Shin-ya Takemura", "Doekele G. Stavenga", "Kentaro Arikawa"], "reference_ids": ["W646724824", "W1987608565", "W2051010487", "W2096726668", "W2004905059", "W2015823666", "W2121844201", "W1900040508", "W2011712708", "W2075722656", "W1991334401", "W2056611961", "W2125985936", "W2150482380", "W2124345753", "W2170164809", "W12491496", "W2150547731", "W2087971132", "W2144215622", "W2015545912", "W2035108601", "W1965050621", "W2165307835", "W1964022559", "W2113565291", "W1918141379", "W1984119399", "W585264499", "W1895963650", "W2065292863", "W2159507536", "W3124273885", "W2242636079", "W2019432512", "W2260030465"], "title": "Absence of eye shine and tapetum in the heterogeneous eye of Anthocharis butterflies (Pieridae).", "abstract": "insect eyes are composed of spectrally heterogeneous ommatidia, typically with three different types. the ommatidial heterogeneity in butterflies can be identified non-invasively by the colorful eye shine, the reflection from the tapetal mirror located at the proximal end of the ommatidia, which can be observed by epi-illumination microscopy. since the color of eye shine is determined by the spectral properties of the ommatidia, it has been tentatively related to color vision. in the course of a survey of ommatidial heterogeneity in butterflies, we found that members of the pierid genus anthocharis lack the eye shine. we therefore carried out anatomy of the eye of the yellow tip, anthocharis scolymus, and correlated it with the absence of the tapetum. the butterfly tapetum is a remnant of the ancestral moth tapetum, a trait that has been completely lost in the papilionids and also, as now appears, in the genus anthocharis. anatomical investigations also revealed that, considering rhabdom shape, peri-rhabdomal pigment clusters and autofluorescence, the ommatidia can be divided in at least two different types, which are randomly distributed in the retina.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/210/17/3075.full.pdf", "petalID": 1067, "doi": "10.1017/S1473550407003783", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_loss_of_liquids", "protect_from_temperature"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/adaptations-to-environmental-extremes-by-multicellular-organisms/788142428590F0D32F24F139CA20B9B4", "mag_terms": ["multicellular organism", "cryptobiosis", "extremophile", "adaptation", "desiccation", "extreme environment", "archaea", "ecology", "biology"], "species": ["butterflies", "anthocharis scolymus", "anthocharis"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.042553191489361, 0.02127659574468, 0.042553191489361], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2168519928", "mesh_terms": ["Animal Structures", "Porifera", "Animal Structures", "Animal Structures", "Animals", "Bone and Bones", "Bone and Bones", "Bone and Bones", "Models, Anatomic", "Porifera", "Porifera", "Silicon Dioxide"], "venue_ids": ["V125754415"], "venue_names": ["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology", "The Bees of the World, Second Edition", "The Beekeeper's Handbook"], "author_ids": ["A2267282870", "A2208390768", "A2512442846", "A44219264", "A1752914650"], "author_names": ["Michael A. Monn", "James C. Weaver", "Tianyang Zhang", "Joanna Aizenberg", "Haneesh Kesari"], "reference_ids": ["W2302123202", "W2093188711", "W2130971715", "W1546625087", "W2145603103", "W2081318948", "W2016949576", "W2102243032", "W1966649089", "W1971974144", "W2040957028", "W2501971677", "W2074179553", "W2150238384", "W1984793606", "W1987576086", "W2103271550", "W1978859898", "W2054662419", "W2161993548", "W2415989837", "W2122171697", "W2021396928", "W2087958259", "W142947494", "W1971592323", "W2051969767", "W1983954964", "W1998681498", "W2479729674", "W1973138424", "W1972190722", "W1975787260", "W2004555915", "W2168413146"], "title": "New functional insights into the internal architecture of the laminated anchor spicules of Euplectella aspergillum", "abstract": "to adapt to a wide range of physically demanding environmental conditions, biological systems have evolved a diverse variety of robust skeletal architectures. one such example, euplectella aspergillum, is a sediment-dwelling marine sponge that is anchored into the sea floor by a flexible holdfast apparatus consisting of thousands of anchor spicules (long, hair-like glassy fibers). each spicule is covered with recurved barbs and has an internal architecture consisting of a solid core of silica surrounded by an assembly of coaxial silica cylinders, each of which is separated by a thin organic layer. the thickness of each silica cylinder progressively decreases from the spicule\u2019s core to its periphery, which we hypothesize is an adaptation for redistributing internal stresses, thus increasing the overall strength of each spicule. to evaluate this hypothesis, we created a spicule structural mechanics model, in which we fixed the radii of the silica cylinders such that the force transmitted from the surface barbs to the remainder of the skeletal system was maximized. compared with measurements of these parameters in the native sponge spicules, our modeling results correlate remarkably well, highlighting the beneficial nature of this elastically heterogeneous lamellar design strategy. the structural principles obtained from this study thus provide potential design insights for the fabrication of high-strength beams for load-bearing applications through the modification of their internal architecture, rather than their external geometry.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/16/4976.full.pdf", "petalID": 1068, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1601624113", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["sense_touch_and_mechanical_forces", "sense_electricity/magnetism", "sense_atmospheric_conditions"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/113/26/7261#:~:text=In%20bumblebees%2C%20the%20mechanical%20response,or%20sound%20particle%20velocity%20receivers.", "mag_terms": ["arthropod antennae", "electroreception", "bombus terrestris", "bumblebee", "sensory system", "electric field", "electrophysiology", "biophysics", "anatomy", "biology", "neural activity"], "species": ["euplectella aspergillum"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.015151515151515001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2107910663", "mesh_terms": ["Calcification, Physiologic", "Calcium Carbonate", "Magnesium", "Minerals", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Starfish", "Animals", "Calcium Carbonate", "Chemical Precipitation", "Crystallography, X-Ray", "In Vitro Techniques", "Magnesium", "Minerals", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Starfish", "Starfish", "Starfish", "X-Ray Diffraction"], "venue_ids": ["V68911691"], "venue_names": ["Chemistry: A European Journal", "Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology", "Journal of Biomechanics", "Journal of Comparative Physiology A", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Scientific Reports"], "author_ids": ["A2146753851", "A1921198298", "A2208390768", "A2195588014", "A2082139420", "A79147263"], "author_names": ["Subramanyam Gayathri", "Rajamani Lakshminarayanan", "James C. Weaver", "Daniel E. Morse", "R. Manjunatha Kini", "Suresh Valiyaveettil"], "reference_ids": ["W2002928212", "W2080586353", "W2083573024", "W2916080801", "W1975865769", "W1999700673", "W2986585733", "W1983917909", "W2015590206", "W2032127570", "W2109590493", "W2034014179", "W2073880580", "W2019411167", "W2058749173", "W1974595472", "W314830078", "W1992624022", "W1989025984", "W2084113176", "W1987738208", "W1964693800", "W2006769626", "W2118848095", "W2018324638", "W2108299019", "W2037573733", "W2012463063", "W2054959591", "W2057074452", "W2057755023"], "title": "In Vitro Study of Magnesium-Calcite Biomineralization in the Skeletal Materials of the Seastar Pisaster giganteus", "abstract": "the mechanisms of formation of biogenic magnesium-rich calcite remain an enigma. here we present ultrastructural and compositional details of ossicles from the seastar pisaster giganteus (echinodermata, asteroidea). powder x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analyses confirm that the ossicles are composed of magnesium-rich calcite, whilst also containing about 0.01 % (w/w) of soluble organic matrix (som) as an intracrystalline component. amino acid analysis and n-terminal sequencing revealed that this mixture of intracrystalline macromolecules consists predominantly of glycine-rich polypeptides. in vitro calcium carbonate precipitation experiments indicate that the som accelerates the conversion of amorphous calcium carbonate (acc) into its final crystalline product. from this observation and from the discovery of acc in other closely related taxa, it is suggested that substitution of magnesium into the calcite lattice through a transient precursor phase may be a universal phenomenon prevalent across the phylum echinodermata.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1069, "doi": "10.1038/SREP23539", "level1": ["move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["active_movement"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/srep23539", "mag_terms": ["surface finish", "anisotropy", "skin physiological phenomena", "microstructure", "nanostructure", "characterization", "ventral scales", "surface", "composite material", "materials science", "bioinformatics"], "species": ["echinodermata", "asteroidea", "pisaster giganteus"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018181818181818, 0.018181818181818, 0.018181818181818], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, @@ -1111,19 +1111,19 @@ {"paper": "W2106624063", "mesh_terms": ["Adaptation, Physiological", "Carps", "Energy Metabolism", "Environment", "Hypoxia", "Sharks", "Animals", "Brain", "Brain", "Carps", "Energy Metabolism", "Glutamic Acid", "Glutamic Acid", "Hypoxia", "Neurotransmitter Agents", "Neurotransmitter Agents", "Nitric Oxide", "Nitric Oxide", "Oxygen Consumption", "Sharks", "Species Specificity", "Time Factors", "gamma-Aminobutyric Acid", "gamma-Aminobutyric Acid"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "For the Love of Insects", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "Integrative and Comparative Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2152975878", "A1971103884"], "author_names": ["G\u00f6ran E. Nilsson", "Gillian Mary Claire Renshaw"], "reference_ids": ["W1940574782", "W2189360231", "W2009812062", "W2079614906", "W2106197267", "W1937717811", "W1984990667", "W1997909209", "W2046451463", "W2195966179", "W1935545948", "W1998755335", "W2054497994", "W2106169085", "W2120272723", "W2279025445", "W2248414655", "W292775738", "W1980710619", "W2000305597", "W2039755571", "W2167748258", "W4219758", "W2052109950", "W2076561583", "W2119939102", "W2217537206", "W2024076947", "W2098611337", "W2105084936", "W2168102799", "W2021374658", "W2254772549", "W595052712", "W2032551046", "W125636179", "W2055315077", "W2097997465", "W1967127390", "W2280950052", "W2171234382", "W2027629477", "W2291145320", "W2292250856", "W2132291128", "W2271924658", "W2299276798", "W2554311618", "W2106922430", "W180388768", "W2021777909", "W2152135411", "W1895940050", "W2055533069", "W2156858133", "W2274082161", "W2184366236", "W1981495305", "W1986275236", "W2120992133", "W2135608921", "W2337248217"], "title": "Hypoxic survival strategies in two fishes: extreme anoxia tolerance in the North European crucian carp and natural hypoxic preconditioning in a coral-reef shark", "abstract": "especially in aquatic habitats, hypoxia can be an important evolutionary driving force resulting in both convergent and divergent physiological strategies for hypoxic survival. examining adaptations to anoxic/hypoxic survival in hypoxia-tolerant animals may offer fresh ideas for the treatment of hypoxia-related diseases. here, we summarise our present knowledge of two fishes that have evolved to survive hypoxia under very different circumstances. the crucian carp (carassius carassius) is of particular interest because of its extreme anoxia tolerance. during the long north european winter, it survives for months in completely oxygen-deprived freshwater habitats. the crucian carp also tolerates a few days of anoxia at room temperature and, unlike anoxia-tolerant freshwater turtles, it is still physically active in anoxia. moreover, the crucian carp does not appear to reduce neuronal ion permeability during anoxia and may primarily rely on more subtle neuromodulatory mechanisms for anoxic metabolic depression. the epaulette shark (hemiscyllium ocellatum) is a tropical marine vertebrate. it lives on shallow reef platforms that repeatedly become cut off from the ocean during periods of low tides. during nocturnal low tides, the water [o(2)] can fall by 80% due to respiration of the coral and associated organisms. since the tides become lower and lower over a period of a few days, the hypoxic exposure during subsequent low tides will become progressively longer and more severe. thus, this shark is under a natural hypoxic preconditioning regimen. interestingly, hypoxic preconditioning lowers its metabolic rate and its critical p(o(2)). moreover, repeated anoxia appears to stimulate metabolic depression in an adenosine-dependent way.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/18/3131.full.pdf", "petalID": 1109, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.97.12.6568", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": ["attach_temporarily"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/97/12/6568", "mag_terms": ["predation", "cassidinae", "adhesion", "cyanea", "bristle", "zoology", "botany", "biology", "natural enemies"], "species": ["fish", "carassius carassius", "epaulette shark", "crucian carp", "carp", "anoxia", "turtles", "hemiscyllium ocellatum", "fishes", "carassius"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.013888888888888002, 0.0, 0.013888888888888002, 0.0, 0.041666666666666005, 0.055555555555555004, 0.013888888888888002, 0.0, 0.013888888888888002, 0.013888888888888002], "relative_relevancy": [0.25, 0.0, 0.25, 0.0, 0.75, 1.0, 0.25, 0.0, 0.25, 0.25]}, {"paper": "W2114566541", "mesh_terms": ["Flight, Animal", "Marsupialia", "Animals", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Extremities", "Extremities", "Flight, Animal", "Marsupialia", "Video Recording"], "venue_ids": ["V20257348"], "venue_names": ["The Journal of Experimental Biology", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2988186764"], "author_names": ["Kristin Bishop"], "reference_ids": ["W2132761781", "W2126455177", "W2326639027", "W1554135758", "W2010072691", "W1895859338", "W2051513791", "W2166952402", "W2147057179", "W2038766380", "W2044645978", "W2000510667", "W2011438967", "W2329505281", "W2123656316", "W2067054145", "W2056318256", "W1606784721", "W2131610997", "W3144416979", "W2166910409", "W2022508387", "W28918286", "W2335746852", "W2176567506", "W2002319575", "W2032336198", "W2103178361"], "title": "Aerodynamic force generation, performance and control of body orientation during gliding in sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps).", "abstract": "summary - gliding has often been discussed in the literature as a possible precursor\nto powered flight in vertebrates, but few studies exist on the mechanics of\ngliding in living animals. in this study i analyzed the 3d kinematics of sugar\ngliders ( petaurus breviceps ) during short glides in an enclosed\nspace. short segments of the glide were captured on video, and the positions\nof marked anatomical landmarks were used to compute linear distances and\nangles, as well as whole body velocities and accelerations. from the whole\nbody accelerations i estimated the aerodynamic forces generated by the\nanimals. i computed the correlations between movements of the limbs and body\nrotations to examine the control of orientation during flight. finally, i\ncompared these results to those of my earlier study on the similarly sized and\ndistantly related southern flying squirrel ( glaucomys volans ). the\nsugar gliders in this study accelerated downward slightly (1.0\u00b10.5 m\ns \u20132 ), and also accelerated forward (2.1\u00b10.6 m\ns \u20132 ) in all but one trial, indicating that the body weight\nwas not fully supported by aerodynamic forces and that some of the lift\nproduced forward acceleration rather than just balancing body weight. the\ngliders used high angles of attack (44.15\u00b13.12\u00b0), far higher than\nthe angles at which airplane wings would stall, yet generated higher lift\ncoefficients (1.48\u00b10.18) than would be expected for a stalled wing.\nmovements of the limbs were strongly correlated with body rotations,\nsuggesting that sugar gliders make extensive use of limb movements to control\ntheir orientation during gliding flight. in addition, among individuals,\ndifferent limb movements were associated with a given body rotation,\nsuggesting that individual variation exists in the control of body rotations.\nunder similar conditions, flying squirrels generated higher lift coefficients\nand lower drag coefficients than sugar gliders, yet had only marginally\nshallower glides. flying squirrels have a number of morphological\nspecializations not shared by sugar gliders that may help to explain their\ngreater lift generating performance.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/210/15/2593.full.pdf", "petalID": 1110, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2010.0722", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2010.0722", "mag_terms": ["weaving", "structural rigidity", "sphere packing", "protein filament", "dilatant", "composite material", "corneocyte", "materials science", "nanotechnology", "novel technique", "shape change"], "species": ["vertebrates", "glaucomys volans", "southern flying squirrel", "squirrels", "flying squirrels", "sugar glider", "breviceps", "petaurus breviceps"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.009803921568627002, 0.0, 0.0, 0.019607843137254003, 0.0, 0.049019607843137004, 0.009803921568627002, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [0.2, 0.0, 0.0, 0.4, 0.0, 1.0, 0.2, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W1995760768", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V69822372"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology", "PLOS Computational Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2885180182", "A2308345250"], "author_names": ["Ludwig K\u00fcrten", "Uwe Schmidt"], "reference_ids": ["W2061401957", "W2146831709", "W2314115112", "W2061645841", "W2001097393", "W2460165961", "W2982750597", "W2064384406", "W2085054799", "W604292974", "W2044520156"], "title": "Thermoperception in the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus)", "abstract": "1.\r\n\r\nthe common vampire bat,desmodus rotundus, is known to be capable of detecting temperature differences. in the experiments described here two animals were trained to give preference to the radiation emitted by a warm signal unit (the negative unit was left at room temperature). the distance between the decision line and the signal units was 8, 12 or 16 cm. both animals responded to radiation as low as 0.5 \u00d7 10\u22124 w cm\u22122 (fig. 3).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2.\r\n\r\nbased on calculations of the radiation emitted by the human skin, vampires should be capable of detecting warm-blooded animals at a distance up to 16 cm (fig. 4). this sense for thermal radiation may aid these bats in localizing or selecting a suitable biting site.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n3.\r\n\r\nhistological studies of the bats' facial structures indicate that thermal stimuli are most probably perceived in the three pits surrounding the central nose leaf: the thin, hairless and glandless skin is underlaid with dense connective tissue. thermography reveals that the surface temperature of the nasal region is up to 9 \u00b0c lower than that of the neighboring parts of the face (fig. 2).", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1111, "doi": "10.1371/JOURNAL.PCBI.1002177", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information"], "level2": ["process_signals"], "level3": ["respond_to_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002177", "mag_terms": ["collective behavior", "collective animal behavior", "animal navigation", "robot", "distributed computing", "swarming", "artificial intelligence", "computer science", "animal groups", "local environment"], "species": ["desmodus", "common vampire bat", "desmodus rotundus", "vampire bat", "bats"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017857142857142003, 0.0, 0.017857142857142003, 0.017857142857142003, 0.035714285714285005], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2039166999", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V69822372"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology", "Trends in Ecology & Evolution"], "author_ids": ["A2237376768", "A2154051593"], "author_names": ["Roderick A. Suthers", "Dwight H. Hector"], "reference_ids": ["W2317588908", "W2476198458", "W951900857", "W2325158105", "W1943592172", "W2046490194", "W2097617117", "W2058930431", "W2945593620", "W1967764295", "W2048796048", "W2023104192", "W2046243655", "W1972190100", "W2320926660", "W1969550998", "W2416693370", "W2047502933", "W2062983493", "W2317533359", "W1972830606", "W1972948576", "W2007173529", "W2145234874", "W2464965193", "W2279328428", "W2512335217", "W2015829715", "W1850157556", "W1976904709", "W2942330535", "W1982994835", "W2042327406"], "title": "The physiology of vocalization by the echolocating oilbird, Steatornis caripensis", "abstract": "1.\r\n\r\noilbirds (steatornis caripensis; steatornithidae) have a bilaterally asymmetrical bronchial syrinx (fig. 2) with which they produce echolocating clicks and a variety of social vocalizations. the sonar clicks typically have a duration of about 40 to 50 ms and can be classified as continuous, double or single. agonistic squawks typically have a duration of about 0.5 s and contain multiple harmonic components (figs. 5, 6).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2.\r\n\r\nboth sonar clicks and agonistic squawks are initiated by contraction of the sternotrachealis muscles (figs. 7 and 16) which stretch the trachea, reducing the tension across the syrinx and causing the cartilaginous bronchial semi-rings supporting the cranial and caudal edges of the external tympaniform membranes (etm) to hinge inward, folding the etm into the syringeal lumen (fig. 17). bernoulli forces created by expiratory air flowing through the restricted syringeal aperture presumably initiate vibration of the internal and/or external tympaniform membranes.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n3.\r\n\r\nsocial vocalizations such as the agonistic squawk, continue until the sternotrachealis muscles relax (fig. 10), allowing the cranial portion of the bronchus to move anteriad and abducting the etm.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n4.\r\n\r\nsonar clicks are terminated by rapid contraction of a previously undescribed intrinsic syringeal muscle, the broncholateralis, which inserts on the semi-ring supporting the anterior edge of the etm and causes it to rotate about its articulation with the next anterior bronchial cartilage in such a way that it abducts the etm (figs. 8, 16, 17). musculus broncholateralis contracts only during sonar clicks, appears to have a high proportion of twitch-type fibers, and is specialized for the rapid abduction of the etm to produce short duration, click-like vocalizations.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n5.\r\n\r\ntracheal airflow and sternal air sac pressure reflect the changes in the syringeal aperture. tracheal airflow at first increases as expiratory effort increases subsyringeal pressure. the initial high rate of airflow drops at the onset of phonation due to the increased syringeal resistance. in the case of a double click, airflow momentarily ceases during the intraclick interval when the etm temporarily closes the syrinx. air sac pressure rises to its maximum level at this time. expiratory airflow rapidly increases as the etm is abducted from either its closed or phonatory position to its open, resting position. each sonar click requires about 1 cm3 of air; a typical agonistic squawk may use about 27 cm3 of air (figs. 11, 12, 13; tables 3, 4).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n6.\r\n\r\neach sonar click is often accompanied by a complete respiratory cycle or \u2018mini-breath\u2019 (fig. 11). pulmonary ventilation can be controlled independently from the clicking rate by varying the tidal volume of the mini-breaths, which may be as small as the tracheal and bronchial dead space. mini-breaths permit oilbirds to produce click trains having a long train duration uninterrupted by a long inspiration.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n7.\r\n\r\na dual flow probe was used to simultaneously measure the rate of airflow through each semi-syrinx during vocalization. the rate of airflow through the right semi-syrinx was 40 to 60% greater than that through the left. both syringes functioned together except during the middle portion of some continuous type sonar clicks when sound was sometimes generated only by one semi-syrinx, the other being closed (figs. 14, 15; tables 5, 6).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n8.\r\n\r\nthe fluid subsyringeal power reaches approximately 100 and 150 mw in the left and right semi-syrinx, respectively, during the second member of a double sonar click (table 6). total syringeal power during agonistic squawks reaches at least 60 mw and syringeal resistance during these vocalizations is as high as 1500 cm h20/lps (table 7).", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1112, "doi": "10.1016/J.TREE.2019.08.007", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["compete_within/between_species", "protect_from_microbes", "manage_environmental_disturbances", "manage populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534719302563", "mag_terms": ["antimicrobial", "antibiotic resistance", "drug resistance", "escovopsis", "fungus", "pseudonocardia", "commensalism", "symbiosis", "biotechnology", "biology"], "species": ["steatornithidae", "figs", "trachea", "steatornis caripensis", "bronchus", "oilbird"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.006097560975609001, 0.030487804878048003, 0.024390243902439, 0.0, 0.006097560975609001, 0.012195121951219001], "relative_relevancy": [0.2, 1.0, 0.8, 0.0, 0.2, 0.4]}, + {"paper": "W2039166999", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V69822372"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology", "Trends in Ecology & Evolution"], "author_ids": ["A2237376768", "A2154051593"], "author_names": ["Roderick A. Suthers", "Dwight H. Hector"], "reference_ids": ["W2317588908", "W2476198458", "W951900857", "W2325158105", "W1943592172", "W2046490194", "W2097617117", "W2058930431", "W2945593620", "W1967764295", "W2048796048", "W2023104192", "W2046243655", "W1972190100", "W2320926660", "W1969550998", "W2416693370", "W2047502933", "W2062983493", "W2317533359", "W1972830606", "W1972948576", "W2007173529", "W2145234874", "W2464965193", "W2279328428", "W2512335217", "W2015829715", "W1850157556", "W1976904709", "W2942330535", "W1982994835", "W2042327406"], "title": "The physiology of vocalization by the echolocating oilbird, Steatornis caripensis", "abstract": "1.\r\n\r\noilbirds (steatornis caripensis; steatornithidae) have a bilaterally asymmetrical bronchial syrinx (fig. 2) with which they produce echolocating clicks and a variety of social vocalizations. the sonar clicks typically have a duration of about 40 to 50 ms and can be classified as continuous, double or single. agonistic squawks typically have a duration of about 0.5 s and contain multiple harmonic components (figs. 5, 6).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2.\r\n\r\nboth sonar clicks and agonistic squawks are initiated by contraction of the sternotrachealis muscles (figs. 7 and 16) which stretch the trachea, reducing the tension across the syrinx and causing the cartilaginous bronchial semi-rings supporting the cranial and caudal edges of the external tympaniform membranes (etm) to hinge inward, folding the etm into the syringeal lumen (fig. 17). bernoulli forces created by expiratory air flowing through the restricted syringeal aperture presumably initiate vibration of the internal and/or external tympaniform membranes.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n3.\r\n\r\nsocial vocalizations such as the agonistic squawk, continue until the sternotrachealis muscles relax (fig. 10), allowing the cranial portion of the bronchus to move anteriad and abducting the etm.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n4.\r\n\r\nsonar clicks are terminated by rapid contraction of a previously undescribed intrinsic syringeal muscle, the broncholateralis, which inserts on the semi-ring supporting the anterior edge of the etm and causes it to rotate about its articulation with the next anterior bronchial cartilage in such a way that it abducts the etm (figs. 8, 16, 17). musculus broncholateralis contracts only during sonar clicks, appears to have a high proportion of twitch-type fibers, and is specialized for the rapid abduction of the etm to produce short duration, click-like vocalizations.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n5.\r\n\r\ntracheal airflow and sternal air sac pressure reflect the changes in the syringeal aperture. tracheal airflow at first increases as expiratory effort increases subsyringeal pressure. the initial high rate of airflow drops at the onset of phonation due to the increased syringeal resistance. in the case of a double click, airflow momentarily ceases during the intraclick interval when the etm temporarily closes the syrinx. air sac pressure rises to its maximum level at this time. expiratory airflow rapidly increases as the etm is abducted from either its closed or phonatory position to its open, resting position. each sonar click requires about 1 cm3 of air; a typical agonistic squawk may use about 27 cm3 of air (figs. 11, 12, 13; tables 3, 4).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n6.\r\n\r\neach sonar click is often accompanied by a complete respiratory cycle or \u2018mini-breath\u2019 (fig. 11). pulmonary ventilation can be controlled independently from the clicking rate by varying the tidal volume of the mini-breaths, which may be as small as the tracheal and bronchial dead space. mini-breaths permit oilbirds to produce click trains having a long train duration uninterrupted by a long inspiration.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n7.\r\n\r\na dual flow probe was used to simultaneously measure the rate of airflow through each semi-syrinx during vocalization. the rate of airflow through the right semi-syrinx was 40 to 60% greater than that through the left. both syringes functioned together except during the middle portion of some continuous type sonar clicks when sound was sometimes generated only by one semi-syrinx, the other being closed (figs. 14, 15; tables 5, 6).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n8.\r\n\r\nthe fluid subsyringeal power reaches approximately 100 and 150 mw in the left and right semi-syrinx, respectively, during the second member of a double sonar click (table 6). total syringeal power during agonistic squawks reaches at least 60 mw and syringeal resistance during these vocalizations is as high as 1500 cm h20/lps (table 7).", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1112, "doi": "10.1016/J.TREE.2019.08.007", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["compete_within/between_species", "protect_from_microbes", "manage_environmental_disturbances", "manage_populations_or_habitats"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534719302563", "mag_terms": ["antimicrobial", "antibiotic resistance", "drug resistance", "escovopsis", "fungus", "pseudonocardia", "commensalism", "symbiosis", "biotechnology", "biology"], "species": ["steatornithidae", "figs", "trachea", "steatornis caripensis", "bronchus", "oilbird"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.006097560975609001, 0.030487804878048003, 0.024390243902439, 0.0, 0.006097560975609001, 0.012195121951219001], "relative_relevancy": [0.2, 1.0, 0.8, 0.0, 0.2, 0.4]}, {"paper": "W2024736718", "mesh_terms": ["Biological Evolution", "Sweat Glands", "Animals", "Apocrine Glands", "Apocrine Glands", "Eccrine Glands", "Eccrine Glands", "Hominidae", "Humans", "Sweat Glands", "Sweating", "Sweating"], "venue_ids": ["V84867234"], "venue_names": ["International Journal of Biometeorology", "Naturwissenschaften"], "author_ids": ["A2696334716", "A3164793016"], "author_names": ["G. E. Folk", "Semken Ha"], "reference_ids": ["W1915388398", "W586305602", "W2107648648", "W2797620427", "W2028808495", "W2336426881", "W2889286051", "W2076751508", "W1932246299", "W1538316330", "W1979275186", "W1601905946", "W2073748548", "W1992865861", "W2111779480", "W2254371138", "W2261479982", "W1988925260", "W1502904746", "W1997127980", "W2099379330", "W1813675938", "W2116480850", "W2432717695", "W2415864113"], "title": "The evolution of sweat glands.", "abstract": "mammals have two kinds of sweat glands, apocrine and eccrine, which provide for thermal cooling. in this paper we describe the distribution and characteristics of these glands in selected mammals, especially primates, and reject the suggested development of the eccrine gland from the apocrine gland during the tertiary geological period. the evidence strongly suggests that the two glands, depending on the presence or absence of fur, have equal and similar functions among mammals; apocrine glands are not primitive. however, there is a unique and remarkable thermal eccrine system in humans; we suggest that this system evolved in concert with bipedalism and a smooth hairless skin.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1113, "doi": "10.1007/S00114-009-0596-8", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_animals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00114-009-0596-8", "mag_terms": ["limonene", "sabinene", "terpene", "beta pinene", "eucalyptol", "p cymene", "orange", "enantiomer", "botany", "stereochemistry", "chemistry"], "species": ["humans", "mammals"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.03125, 0.09375000000000001], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2027028701", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V102543962"], "venue_names": ["Wood Science and Technology", "Journal of the Royal Society Interface"], "author_ids": ["A2712141637", "A2630613856"], "author_names": ["Jadwiga Zabielska-Matejuk", "Katarzyna Czaczyk"], "reference_ids": ["W2007287319", "W2059810531", "W2080510719", "W2032422810", "W2048440367", "W1964086582", "W1981284264"], "title": "Biodegradation of new quaternary ammonium compounds in treated wood by mould fungi", "abstract": "the degradation of seven potential wood preservatives based on imidazolium compounds (ics) and quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) with a modified anion structure by mould fungi was determined using soil-block method. experiments were carried out on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) wood. two-phase titration and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method were used to detect and quantify the degradation products. the performed soil-block tests showed that the ics and qacs with alkoxymethyl substituents were leached from the experimental wood when in contact with moist soil and revealed their fungal detoxification by mould fungi, especially by gliocladium roseum. the degree of biological decomposition of new compounds was higher than didecyldimethylammonium chloride and didecylmethylpoli(oxyethyl)ammonium propionate. the observations of the colonization by mould fungi were made using the scanning electron microscope (sem). decay of treated wood by mould fungi showed its tolerance to qacs.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1114, "doi": "10.1098/RSIF.2012.0429", "level1": ["protect_from_living/non-living_threats"], "level2": ["protect_from_non-living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_excess_liquids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2012.0429", "mag_terms": ["shivering", "shake", "orders of magnitude", "dryness", "animal science", "anatomy", "biology", "body size", "energy metabolism", "motor activity", "wet weather"], "species": ["pine", "scots pine", "pinus sylvestris"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018518518518518, 0.0, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2073230608", "mesh_terms": ["Orchidaceae", "Plant Roots", "Kinetics", "Nitrogen", "Nitrogen", "Orchidaceae", "Phosphorus", "Phosphorus", "Plant Roots", "Rain", "Water"], "venue_ids": ["V67154222"], "venue_names": ["Oecologia", "Nature Chemical Biology", "Nature"], "author_ids": ["A184268316", "A2598290781"], "author_names": ["Gerhard Zotz", "Uwe Winkler"], "reference_ids": ["W2108513062", "W2132419361", "W1995343616", "W6001122", "W2336799786", "W124590694", "W2009993474", "W2086104831", "W2237663317", "W1524360444", "W2582743722", "W1980803297", "W1582972914", "W1659363039", "W2622564022", "W2020448372", "W2099851431", "W2096838664", "W1973374750", "W2238048489", "W2120992527", "W602703007", "W1989395319", "W585934805", "W2039172391", "W2124021886", "W46041877", "W56053082", "W1552691122", "W2166508366", "W1975644785", "W1973738793", "W1514031728", "W2157515139", "W3174095612", "W2288905322", "W1977569976", "W2084552611", "W2142599144", "W2004601364"], "title": "Aerial roots of epiphytic orchids: the velamen radicum and its role in water and nutrient uptake", "abstract": "the velamen radicum, a spongy, usually multiple epidermis of the roots, which at maturity consists of dead cells, is frequently described as an important adaptation of epiphytic orchids. yet, quantitative evidence for the alleged functions, e.g., efficient water and nutrient uptake, nutrient retention, reduction of water loss, mechanical protection, or the avoidance of overheating, is rare or missing. we tested the notion originally put forward by went in 1940 that the velamen allows plants to capture and immobilize the first solutions arriving in a rainfall, which are the most heavily charged with nutrients. in a series of experiments, we examined whether all necessary functional characteristics are given for this scenario to be realistic under ecological conditions. first, we show that the velamen of a large number of orchid species takes up solutions within seconds, while evaporation from the velamen takes several hours. charged ions are retained in the velamen probably due to positive and negative charges in the cell walls, while uncharged compounds are lost to the external medium. finally, we demonstrate that nutrient uptake follows biphasic kinetics with a highly efficient, active transport system at low external concentrations. thus, our results lend strong support to went's hypothesis: the velamen fulfills an important function in nutrient uptake in the epiphytic habitat. most of the other functions outlined above still await similar experimental scrutiny.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1115, "doi": "10.1038/NATURE04925", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "modify/convert_energy", "protect_from_living/non-living_threats", "chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["send_signals", "modify/convert_electrical_energy", "protect_from_living_threats"], "level3": ["protect_from_microbes", "send_electrical/magnetic_signals"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04925", "mag_terms": ["cell migration", "wound healing", "tensin", "pten", "signal transduction", "tumor suppressor gene", "proto oncogene tyrosine protein kinase src", "chemotaxis", "cell biology", "immunology", "biology"], "species": ["plants"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016666666666666], "relative_relevancy": [1.0]}, {"paper": "W2036594376", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V118082147"], "venue_names": ["Alfred-Wegener-Institut - Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar-und Meeresforschung", "Marine Biology", "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)"], "author_ids": ["A2100874411", "A2298004696", "A2691485486", "A2792352883", "A2072256132"], "author_names": ["Christof Baum", "Wilfried Meyer", "R. Stelzer", "L.-G. Fleischer", "D. Siebers"], "reference_ids": ["W2048133760", "W2024730326", "W2244939936", "W2279016221", "W1970904379", "W2009359694", "W1992074132", "W1492254333", "W1996290334", "W2082668953", "W2001065786", "W2069198388", "W1967723112", "W2053928314", "W2094096062", "W2249661742", "W1952412628", "W2055573542", "W2074910869", "W2118166595", "W2136307515"], "title": "Average nanorough skin surface of the pilot whale ( Globicephala melas , Delphinidae): considerations on the self-cleaning abilities based on nanoroughness", "abstract": "in aquatic environments, the biofouling process is assumed to initiate from the conditioning layer of absorbed organic carbon residues on wetted surfaces. microfouling organisms attach to this conditioning layer, building up a biofilm on which further biofouling proceeds. in dolphins, biofouling reduces hydrodynamic efficiency and may negatively affect health if not managed. in the present study we examined the skin surface of the pilot whale (globicephala melas). employing cryo-scanning electron microscopic techniques combined with various sample preparations, the skin displayed an average nanorough surface characterized by a pattern of nanoridge-enclosed pores; the average pore size (approximately 0.20\u00a0\u00b5m2) was below the size of most marine biofouling organisms. further, the implications of this type of surface to the self-cleaning abilities of the skin of pilot whales are discussed, based on reduced available space for biofouler attachment, the lack of any particular microniches as shelters for biofoulers, and the challenges of turbulent water flow and liquid\u2013air interfaces during surfacing and jumping of the dolphin.", "isOpenAccess": true, "fullDocLink": "https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/5551/1/Bau2002b.pdf", "petalID": 1116, "doi": "10.1016/S0167-4838(99)00160-0", "level1": ["chemically_assemble/break_down"], "level2": ["chemically_break_down"], "level3": ["chemically_break_down_organic_compounds"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167483899001600?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["draculin", "non competitive inhibition", "factor xa inhibitor", "mechanism of action", "kinetics", "crystallography", "plasma protein binding", "incubation", "chemistry", "saliva", "chromatography"], "species": ["whales", "pilot whales", "whale"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.017857142857142003, 0.017857142857142003, 0.035714285714285005], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.5, 1.0]}, - {"paper": "W2072259226", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V67154222"], "venue_names": ["Oecologia", "Forest Science"], "author_ids": ["A1969605350", "A2228205367", "A2040106332"], "author_names": ["Jacques Gignoux", "Jean Clobert", "Jean-Claude Menaut"], "reference_ids": ["W2079163277", "W2099776577", "W2109039041", "W2041823209", "W2057766933", "W2316183618", "W2022203628", "W2325088155", "W2013328458", "W2082166300", "W1994971441", "W1963607554", "W2165983292", "W79514474", "W2314220502", "W2345568096", "W2897647290", "W36273518", "W2313857828", "W2334718928", "W1986137454", "W1992860716", "W2326747459", "W1974929440", "W2165045098", "W2080609605", "W1996631439", "W2317660683", "W1994621822", "W2082875980", "W2021317560"], "title": "Alternative fire resistance strategies in savanna trees.", "abstract": "bark properties (mainly thickness) are usually presented as the main explanation for tree survival in intense fires. savanna fires are mild, frequent, and supposed to affect tree recruitment rather than adult survival: trunk profile and growth rate of young trees between two successive fires can also affect survival. these factors and fire severity were measured on a sample of 20 trees near the recruitment stage of two savanna species chosen for their contrasted fire resistance strategies (crossopteryx febrifuga and piliostigma thonningii). crossopteryx has a higher intrinsic resistance to fire (bark properties) than piliostigma: a 20-mm-diameter stem of crossopteryx survives exposure to 650\u00b0c, while piliostigma needs a diameter of at least 40 mm to survive. crossopteryx has a thicker trunk than piliostigma: for two trees of the same height, the basal diameter of crossopteryx will be 1.6 times greater. piliostigma grows 2.26 times faster than crossopteryx between two successive fires. the two species have different fire resistance strategies: one relies on resistance of aboveground structures to fire, while the other relies on its ability to quickly re-build aboveground structures. crossopteryx is able to recruit in almost any fire conditions while piliostigma needs locally or temporarily milder fire conditions. in savannas, fire resistance is a complex property which cannot be assessed simply by measuring only one of its components, such as bark thickness. bark properties, trunk profile and growth rate define strategies of fire resistance. fire resistance may interact with competition: we suggest that differences in fire resistance strategies have important effects on the structure and dynamics of savanna ecosystems.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1117, "doi": "10.1093/FORESTSCIENCE/48.3.582", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "manage_environmental_disturbances"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/forestscience/article/48/3/582/4617191", "mag_terms": ["stand development", "silviculture", "tree canopy", "logging", "canopy", "snag", "spruce budworm", "multidimensional scaling", "forestry", "agroforestry", "environmental science"], "species": ["piliostigma thonningii", "crossopteryx febrifuga"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010204081632653001, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, + {"paper": "W2072259226", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V67154222"], "venue_names": ["Oecologia", "Forest Science"], "author_ids": ["A1969605350", "A2228205367", "A2040106332"], "author_names": ["Jacques Gignoux", "Jean Clobert", "Jean-Claude Menaut"], "reference_ids": ["W2079163277", "W2099776577", "W2109039041", "W2041823209", "W2057766933", "W2316183618", "W2022203628", "W2325088155", "W2013328458", "W2082166300", "W1994971441", "W1963607554", "W2165983292", "W79514474", "W2314220502", "W2345568096", "W2897647290", "W36273518", "W2313857828", "W2334718928", "W1986137454", "W1992860716", "W2326747459", "W1974929440", "W2165045098", "W2080609605", "W1996631439", "W2317660683", "W1994621822", "W2082875980", "W2021317560"], "title": "Alternative fire resistance strategies in savanna trees.", "abstract": "bark properties (mainly thickness) are usually presented as the main explanation for tree survival in intense fires. savanna fires are mild, frequent, and supposed to affect tree recruitment rather than adult survival: trunk profile and growth rate of young trees between two successive fires can also affect survival. these factors and fire severity were measured on a sample of 20 trees near the recruitment stage of two savanna species chosen for their contrasted fire resistance strategies (crossopteryx febrifuga and piliostigma thonningii). crossopteryx has a higher intrinsic resistance to fire (bark properties) than piliostigma: a 20-mm-diameter stem of crossopteryx survives exposure to 650\u00b0c, while piliostigma needs a diameter of at least 40 mm to survive. crossopteryx has a thicker trunk than piliostigma: for two trees of the same height, the basal diameter of crossopteryx will be 1.6 times greater. piliostigma grows 2.26 times faster than crossopteryx between two successive fires. the two species have different fire resistance strategies: one relies on resistance of aboveground structures to fire, while the other relies on its ability to quickly re-build aboveground structures. crossopteryx is able to recruit in almost any fire conditions while piliostigma needs locally or temporarily milder fire conditions. in savannas, fire resistance is a complex property which cannot be assessed simply by measuring only one of its components, such as bark thickness. bark properties, trunk profile and growth rate define strategies of fire resistance. fire resistance may interact with competition: we suggest that differences in fire resistance strategies have important effects on the structure and dynamics of savanna ecosystems.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1117, "doi": "10.1093/FORESTSCIENCE/48.3.582", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["manage_environmental_disturbances", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/forestscience/article/48/3/582/4617191", "mag_terms": ["stand development", "silviculture", "tree canopy", "logging", "canopy", "snag", "spruce budworm", "multidimensional scaling", "forestry", "agroforestry", "environmental science"], "species": ["piliostigma thonningii", "crossopteryx febrifuga"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.010204081632653001, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W1970415219", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V116008648"], "venue_names": ["Phytoparasitica", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2146275888", "A2158295055", "A2123040546", "A2157009726", "A2143125306", "A2009185798"], "author_names": ["Nelson Zapata", "Marisol Vargas", "Pilar Medina", "Elisa Vi\u00f1uela", "Benjam\u00edn Rodr\u00edguez", "Alberto Fereres"], "reference_ids": ["W1998515573", "W2094732160", "W2788021067", "W2156898008", "W1987263096", "W2006569968", "W2023657795", "W2090337886", "W2147539661", "W2151904779", "W1571659442", "W1969406311", "W1537176080", "W2036356570", "W2072507274", "W2326096537", "W2613331347", "W2018585422", "W2138136589", "W2043165163", "W2133465603", "W1974193638", "W2085260609", "W2135512595", "W2171804185", "W1998061617", "W2946643291", "W602640455", "W1574172333", "W1967109056", "W2105628623", "W2965151978", "W2057256243", "W1998121141", "W2033817860", "W2079882745", "W2135771264", "W269155218", "W1974206037", "W2050717648", "W2163870177"], "title": "The activity of a selected extract of Drimys winteri bark and polygodial on settling and probing behavior of the lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri", "abstract": "an n-hexane extract and the sesquiterpene polygodial isolated from the bark of drimys winteri j.r. forster & g. forster (winteraceae) were tested to assess their ability to inhibit settling of the aphid nasonovia ribisnigri mosley on lettuce leaves; assessments were made using a choice and no-choice leaf-disk assay. the n-hexane extract and the polygodial both significantly inhibited settling in the choice and no-choice tests, but their application on lettuce leaves did not result in any aphid mortality. probing behavior of n. ribisnigri on polygodial-treated plants was assessed by means of the electrical penetration graph technique. polygodial interfered with aphid probing behavior by reducing the total probing time, the number of probes, and the number of intracellular punctures. aphids did not reach the sieve elements of polygodial-treated plants during the 2-h access period. both tested compounds have the potential to be used in the development of lettuce aphid control agents to reduce the risk of virus transmission.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1118, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.203.18.2757", "level1": ["assemble/break_down_structure", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["active_movement", "change_material_properties"], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/203/18/2757", "mag_terms": ["hydrostatic pressure", "hydrostatic skeleton", "lumbricus terrestris", "burrow", "oligochaeta", "peristalsis", "hydrostatic equilibrium", "earthworm", "geometry", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["aphids", "nasonovia ribisnigri", "lettuce aphid", "plants", "drimys winteri"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.018181818181818, 0.0, 0.018181818181818, 0.036363636363636, 0.018181818181818], "relative_relevancy": [0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W1990070823", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V33108253"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Bionic Engineering", "Acta Biomaterialia"], "author_ids": ["A2267807482", "A2690374002", "A2675872624", "A2636996393", "A3013171565"], "author_names": ["Matthias Z\u00e4hr", "Dennis Friedrich", "Tanja Y. Kloth", "Gerhard Dr. Goldmann", "Helmut Tributsch"], "reference_ids": ["W2008426788", "W2030978800", "W2072838757", "W2008246180", "W2072247064", "W2018091602", "W2039317251", "W2082309263", "W1981306644", "W2085031566", "W1965024955", "W2031364518"], "title": "Bionic photovoltaic panels bio-inspired by green leaves", "abstract": "in strong solar light, silicon solar panels can heat up by 70\u00b0c and, thereby, loose approximately one third of their efficiency for electricity generation. leaf structures of plants on the other hand, have developed a series of technological adaptations, which allow them to limit their temperature to 40\u201345\u00b0c in full sunlight, even if water evaporation is suppressed. this is accomplished by several strategies such as limitation of leaf size, optimization of aerodynamics in wind, limitation of absorbed solar energy only to the useful fraction of radiation and by efficient thermal emission. optical and infrared thermographic measurements under a solar simulator and in a streaming channel were used to investigate the corresponding properties of leaves and to identify suitable bionic model systems. experiments started with the serrated structure of ordinary green leaves distributed over typical twig structures and finally identified the australian palm tree licuala ramsayi as a more useful bionic model. it combines a large area for solar energy harvesting with optimized aerodynamic properties for cooling and is able to restructure itself as a protection against strong winds. the bionic models, which were constructed and built, are analyzed and discussed.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1119, "doi": "10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2010.02.009", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["manage_shear", "regulate_wear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S174270611000070X?via%3Dihub", "mag_terms": ["arthropod cuticle", "arthropod", "insect", "mineralization", "carapace", "chitin", "nereis", "transition metal", "botany", "materials science", "ecology"], "species": ["plants", "licuala ramsayi"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.019607843137254003, 0.019607843137254003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2133748768", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V58631098"], "venue_names": ["New Phytologist", "Science"], "author_ids": ["A2335434006"], "author_names": ["Geoffrey E. Burrows"], "reference_ids": ["W2001890909", "W2117634757", "W2014546368", "W2029256687", "W1970116101", "W2041823209", "W1998542294", "W1585693460", "W2056467107", "W2314133342", "W2042338037", "W2044093858", "W2054041068", "W1969435707", "W2073616081", "W2071966767", "W2133099543", "W1965254420", "W2466891250", "W2024431093", "W2026229583", "W1932242030", "W1891003846", "W2047376675", "W2055574375", "W2122081722", "W2040964368", "W2082875980", "W1514738235", "W2039089929", "W2171936088", "W33346797", "W2160116395", "W595446918", "W1979912096", "W1549219147", "W2108240859", "W2115820433", "W2946279399", "W2115405156", "W3035693098", "W403464894", "W1494183046", "W1981137218", "W2072985415", "W2331797520", "W12398973", "W2025701298", "W2114900556", "W2525644359", "W1976518031", "W1041273197", "W54742275", "W2143426369", "W2345568096"], "title": "Epicormic strand structure in Angophora, Eucalyptus and Lophostemon (Myrtaceae): implications for fire resistance and recovery", "abstract": "summary\r\n\u2022\u2002epicormic bud producing structures in the eucalypts, a large group of woody plants of considerable ecological, horticultural and silvicultural importance, are described here.\r\n\u2022\u2002the outer portion of epicormic strands excised from the bark of large diameter stems of 18 eucalyptus species, two angophora species and lophostemon confertus was examined anatomically in semithin sections.\r\n\u2022\u2002in the inner bark each eucalypt strand usually possessed 5\u201312 radially orientated strips of tissue of meristematic appearance. the meristem strips were c. 30\u201350\u00a0\u00b5m high, 70\u2013110\u00a0\u00b5m wide and 2000\u201310\u00a0000\u00a0\u00b5m long, with a lacuna above the meristem surface. few buds or bud primordia were associated with the strands and the strands appeared to have a reduced regenerative potential in the outer bark.\r\n\u2022\u2002in most angiosperm trees dormant epicormic buds are present in the outer bark, a position where they could be killed by fire. by contrast, in eucalypts the greatest epicormic bud initiation potential is at the level of the vascular cambium, which is protected by the maximum bark thickness. this might explain the pronounced ability of eucalypts to produce bole and branch epicormic shoots after moderate to intense fire.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1120, "doi": "10.1126/SCIENCE.1204245", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": ["prevent_degradation", "active_movement"], "level3": ["regulate_wear"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/333/6038/52", "mag_terms": ["trigonopterus", "weevil", "anatomy", "biology"], "species": ["plants", "lophostemon confertus", "angophora"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.016666666666666, 0.0, 0.016666666666666], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2137291783", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V173450624"], "venue_names": ["Journal of Morphology", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"], "author_ids": ["A2160081516"], "author_names": ["Stanislav N. Gorb"], "reference_ids": ["W2052848585", "W2324515356", "W2079705020", "W2074067375", "W2135691373", "W2071990277", "W1977708742", "W2321558693", "W2109401564", "W1979620757", "W1975406725", "W2085603894", "W2050866171", "W2082247675", "W1595185468", "W2000904893", "W2013515847", "W2023326237", "W2050870538", "W1484005446", "W2010101431", "W2332668606", "W2027416880", "W1984822381", "W1983730217", "W2478777214", "W2088523505", "W949399852", "W2090461129"], "title": "Ultrastructural architecture of the microtrichia of the insect cuticle.", "abstract": "the ultrastructure of the microtrichia (mt) of the insect cuticle was studied using scanning electron microscopy (sem). after dissolving the protein matrix of chitin-protein microfibrils with naoh, the orientation of the axial chitin fibers was three-dimensionally demonstrated. microfibrils of the outermost exocuticular lamella lie parallel to the slope of the cone surface of the mt and rotate slightly on the top of the mt. microfibrils of the external lamella of the transitional area between planar cuticle and conical cuticle of the mt corresponded to the shape of the surface within one lamella and preferred directions of mt's microfibrils in the successive lamella rotated. in the deeper layers of the cuticle, the rotation of both the microfibrils and successive lamella results in the twisted straw architecture of the microfibrils' composition within the mt. the deepest microfibrils that are located close to the axis of the mt form compact clusters of fibrils (1.0-1.5 \u03bcm length). the twisted-straw architecture of microfibrils in the mt is derived from principles of development of extracellular fibrous composites. it is suggested, however, that this architecture has an additional functional significance as a strategic design with particular mechanical properties. j. morphol. 234:1-10, 1997. \u00a9 1997 wiley-liss, inc.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1121, "doi": "10.1073/PNAS.1007808108", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community", "modify_size/shape/material_properties"], "level2": ["change_size/shape", "individual_benefit"], "level3": ["regulate_reproduction_or_growth"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/108/14/5516", "mag_terms": ["lilium", "petal", "shell", "edge", "laminar flow", "geometry", "mechanics", "biology", "differential growth", "functional morphology", "planform"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, {"paper": "W2092316977", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V156255550"], "venue_names": ["Advanced Engineering Materials", "IEEE/CPMT/SEMI 28th International Electronics Manufacturing Technology", "The Journal of Experimental Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2114585882", "A2566779106", "A368494828", "A2239152491", "A2111029979", "A2032205420", "A166990795"], "author_names": ["Sebastian Friedhelm Fischer", "Marc Thielen", "Ruth R. Loprang", "Robin Seidel", "Claudia Fleck", "Thomas Speck", "Andreas B\u00fchrig-Polaczek"], "reference_ids": ["W2048479916", "W2150028137", "W2012111167", "W1978486239", "W2009864493", "W2168464016", "W2015011771", "W2033647144"], "title": "Pummelos as Concept Generators for Biomimetically Inspired Low Weight Structures with Excellent Damping Properties", "abstract": "natural materials often exhibit excellent mechanical properties. an example of outstanding impact resistance is the pummelo fruit (citrus maxima) which can drop from heights of 10 m and more without showing significant outer damage. our data suggest that this impact resistance is due to the hierarchical organization of the fruit peel, called pericarp. the project presented in the current paper aims at transferring structural features from the pummelo pericarp to engineering materials, in our case metal foams, produced by the investment casting process. the transfer necessitates a detailed structural and mechanical analysis of the biological model on the one hand, and the identification and development of adequate materials and processes on the other hand. based on this analysis, engineering composite foam structures are developed and processed which show enhanced damping and impact properties. the modified investment casting process and the model alloy bi57sn43 proved to be excellent candidates to make these bio-inspired structures. mechanical testing of both the natural and the engineering structures has to consider the necessity to evaluate the impact of the different hierarchical features. therefore, specimens of largely varying sizes have to be tested and size effects cannot be ignored, especially as the engineering structures might be upscaled in comparison with the natural role model. all in all, the present results are very promising: the basis for a transfer of bio-inspired structural hierarchical levels has been set.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1122, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.202.4.377", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": ["manage_stress_strain"], "level3": ["prevent_fracture/rupture"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9914146/", "mag_terms": ["hoof", "volume fraction", "micromechanics", "material properties", "ultimate tensile strength", "keratin", "modulus", "matrix", "composite material", "materials science"], "species": ["pummelo", "citrus maxima"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.026315789473684, 0.0], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.0]}, {"paper": "W2020477100", "mesh_terms": ["Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Diptera", "Animals", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Bacteroides", "Bacteroides", "Diptera", "Drug Stability", "Enterococcus", "Enterococcus", "Escherichia coli", "Escherichia coli", "Larva", "Larva", "Methicillin Resistance", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Streptococcus pyogenes", "Streptococcus pyogenes"], "venue_ids": ["V207638786"], "venue_names": ["Medical and Veterinary Entomology", "Symbiosis", "Copeia", "Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology"], "author_ids": ["A2550154272", "A2017242050", "A2464227247"], "author_names": ["A. Kerridge", "Hilary M. Lappin-Scott", "Jamie R. Stevens"], "reference_ids": ["W2025852981", "W1984823135", "W2025644540", "W2060306551", "W2077052958", "W2039833078", "W1574912127", "W1976946230", "W1987091607", "W1990681378", "W2053174057", "W2069067735", "W2093730621", "W2072864857", "W2010383799", "W2060810412", "W2130219406", "W2119561917", "W2139959938", "W2178385611", "W1970621669", "W2233702158", "W2130974803", "W2327432898", "W2150226423"], "title": "Antibacterial properties of larval secretions of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata.", "abstract": "abstract.\u2002 the antibacterial properties of secretions aseptically collected from larvae of the greenbottle fly lucilia sericata (meigen) (diptera: calliphoridae) were examined. these investigations revealed the presence of small (<1\u00a0kda) antibacterial factor(s) within the larval secretions, active against a range of bacteria. these include the gram-positive staphylococcus aureus, both methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), streptococcus pyogenes and to a lesser extent the gram-negative pseudomonas aeruginosa. these secretions were shown to be highly stable as a freeze-dried preparation and, considering the activity against organisms typically associated with clinical infection, may be a source of novel antibiotic-like compounds that may be used for infection control and in the fight against mrsa.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1123, "doi": "10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19980815)281:6<582::AID-JEZ6>3.0.CO;2-J", "level1": ["sense_send_process_information", "manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy"], "level2": ["process_signals", "distribute_or_expel _resources", "sense_signals/environmental_cues"], "level3": ["respond_to_signals", "sense_touch_and_mechanical_forces", "sense_chemicals", "expel_solids"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9697323/", "mag_terms": ["nematocyst", "tentacle", "apical cytoplasm", "cnidocyte", "calcium induced calcium release", "ryanodine receptor", "chemoreceptor", "stimulation", "biophysics", "biochemistry", "biology"], "species": ["lucilia", "lucilia sericata", "pseudomonas aeruginosa", "streptococcus pyogenes", "bacteria", "staphylococcus aureus", "calliphoridae", "greenbottle fly", "diptera"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.025641025641025002, 0.025641025641025002, 0.025641025641025002, 0.025641025641025002, 0.025641025641025002, 0.07692307692307601, 0.025641025641025002, 0.0, 0.025641025641025002], "relative_relevancy": [0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 0.33333333333333304, 1.0, 0.33333333333333304, 0.0, 0.33333333333333304]}, - {"paper": "W2137035995", "mesh_terms": ["Alkanes", "Culicidae", "Heteroptera", "Oviposition", "Pheromones", "Alkanes", "Alkanes", "Alkanes", "Animals", "Culicidae", "Culicidae", "Heteroptera", "Heteroptera", "Oviposition", "Pheromones", "Pheromones", "Pheromones", "Predatory Behavior"], "venue_ids": ["V80967739"], "venue_names": ["Ecology Letters", "Tropics", "New Phytologist"], "author_ids": ["A138223412", "A2120335447", "A1059723948", "A2142818704", "A2115567374", "A851346959"], "author_names": ["Alon Silberbush", "Shai Markman", "Efraim Lewinsohn", "Einat Bar", "Joel E. Cohen", "Leon Blaustein"], "reference_ids": ["W2078224912", "W2165421422", "W2473923199", "W1490190106", "W2142399714", "W2168756573", "W2122236632", "W2131486174", "W2139633930", "W126353083", "W1495219028", "W2022192026", "W1978644928", "W2079366646", "W1969511825", "W1970845112", "W1979829357", "W2151206641", "W1984083820", "W2021679600", "W2173115435", "W1675300770", "W2230592412", "W1554617896", "W2050158679", "W2033873908", "W2069693884", "W2073457086", "W1895434291", "W2122059756", "W2065228852", "W1215684641", "W2029004685", "W2111355901", "W2136390377", "W2139771479", "W1579622821", "W2034745261", "W2149493979", "W2154907155", "W2151129530", "W3001777699", "W1983248332", "W2131077512", "W2089913138", "W2043111824"], "title": "Predator-released hydrocarbons repel oviposition by a mosquito", "abstract": "prey species commonly use predator-released kairomones (prks) to detect risk of predation, yet the chemical identity of prks remains elusive. chemical identification of prks will facilitate the study of predator\u2010prey interactions and the risk of predation, and when the prey are pests, will potentially provide environmentally friendly means of pest control. in temporary pools of the mediterranean and middle east, larvae of the mosquito culiseta longiareolata macquart are highly vulnerable to the common predatory backswimmer, notonecta maculata fabricius. we demonstrate that n. maculata releases two hydrocarbons, n-heneicosane and n-tricosane, which repel ovipositing females of c. longiareolata. in behavioural tests with environmentally relevant chemical concentrations in outdoor mesocosm experiments, the repellent effects of the two compounds were additive at the tested concentrations.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1124, "doi": "10.3759/TROPICS.7.93", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": ["group_benefit"], "level3": ["maintain_biodiversity", "compete_within/between_species"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tropics/7/1+2/7_1+2_93/_article", "mag_terms": ["biodiversity", "symbiosis", "myrmecophyte", "ecology", "biology", "new guinea"], "species": ["notonecta maculata", "notonecta", "culiseta longiareolata", "culiseta"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.023809523809523003, 0.023809523809523003, 0.023809523809523003, 0.023809523809523003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, + {"paper": "W2137035995", "mesh_terms": ["Alkanes", "Culicidae", "Heteroptera", "Oviposition", "Pheromones", "Alkanes", "Alkanes", "Alkanes", "Animals", "Culicidae", "Culicidae", "Heteroptera", "Heteroptera", "Oviposition", "Pheromones", "Pheromones", "Pheromones", "Predatory Behavior"], "venue_ids": ["V80967739"], "venue_names": ["Ecology Letters", "Tropics", "New Phytologist"], "author_ids": ["A138223412", "A2120335447", "A1059723948", "A2142818704", "A2115567374", "A851346959"], "author_names": ["Alon Silberbush", "Shai Markman", "Efraim Lewinsohn", "Einat Bar", "Joel E. Cohen", "Leon Blaustein"], "reference_ids": ["W2078224912", "W2165421422", "W2473923199", "W1490190106", "W2142399714", "W2168756573", "W2122236632", "W2131486174", "W2139633930", "W126353083", "W1495219028", "W2022192026", "W1978644928", "W2079366646", "W1969511825", "W1970845112", "W1979829357", "W2151206641", "W1984083820", "W2021679600", "W2173115435", "W1675300770", "W2230592412", "W1554617896", "W2050158679", "W2033873908", "W2069693884", "W2073457086", "W1895434291", "W2122059756", "W2065228852", "W1215684641", "W2029004685", "W2111355901", "W2136390377", "W2139771479", "W1579622821", "W2034745261", "W2149493979", "W2154907155", "W2151129530", "W3001777699", "W1983248332", "W2131077512", "W2089913138", "W2043111824"], "title": "Predator-released hydrocarbons repel oviposition by a mosquito", "abstract": "prey species commonly use predator-released kairomones (prks) to detect risk of predation, yet the chemical identity of prks remains elusive. chemical identification of prks will facilitate the study of predator\u2010prey interactions and the risk of predation, and when the prey are pests, will potentially provide environmentally friendly means of pest control. in temporary pools of the mediterranean and middle east, larvae of the mosquito culiseta longiareolata macquart are highly vulnerable to the common predatory backswimmer, notonecta maculata fabricius. we demonstrate that n. maculata releases two hydrocarbons, n-heneicosane and n-tricosane, which repel ovipositing females of c. longiareolata. in behavioural tests with environmentally relevant chemical concentrations in outdoor mesocosm experiments, the repellent effects of the two compounds were additive at the tested concentrations.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1124, "doi": "10.3759/TROPICS.7.93", "level1": ["sustain_ecological_community"], "level2": [], "level3": ["compete_within/between_species", "maintain_biodiversity"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tropics/7/1+2/7_1+2_93/_article", "mag_terms": ["biodiversity", "symbiosis", "myrmecophyte", "ecology", "biology", "new guinea"], "species": ["notonecta maculata", "notonecta", "culiseta longiareolata", "culiseta"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.023809523809523003, 0.023809523809523003, 0.023809523809523003, 0.023809523809523003], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2059616986", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V199286587"], "venue_names": ["Marine Mammal Science", "Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World", "The Biological Bulletin"], "author_ids": ["A2147639240", "A2428119385", "A2175823838", "A2176087970", "A344240792"], "author_names": ["Christopher D. Marshall", "G. D. Huth", "V. M. Edmonds", "D. L. Halin", "Roger L. Reep"], "reference_ids": ["W2142117301", "W1975431553", "W1986458038", "W2318535813", "W2342656377", "W2487102521", "W2040713547", "W2335212201", "W2103518758", "W2035122367", "W2002055067", "W2006710739", "W2126040754", "W2057072805", "W53158110", "W2040324368", "W2110388534", "W2331886928", "W1999341476", "W2060131782", "W1601977671", "W6620430"], "title": "PREHENSILE USE OF PERIORAL BRISTLES DURING FEEDING AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS OF THE FLORIDA MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS)", "abstract": "the use of perioral bristles (modified vibrissae) by 17 captive florida manatees and approximately 20 wild manatees was analyzed. captive manatees were fed six species of aquatic vegetation normally eaten in the wild (four freshwater species and two seagrasses). inanimate objects were placed in the holding tanks with manatees at lowry park zoological gardens (tampa, fl) to determine the degree to which perioral bristles were used in exploration and to define the range of manipulative behavior. in addition, behavioral observations were made on the use of perioral bristles during social interactions with conspecifics. observations were recorded using a hi8-format video camera. florida manatees possess an unusually large degree of fine motor control of the snout and perioral bristles. the large and robust perioral bristle fields of the upper lip were used in a prehensile manner during feeding. bristle use by manatees feeding on submerged vegetation differed from that seen during feeding on floating vegetation. other behavioral use of the perioral bristles shows variation depending upon the situation encountered. the degree of plasticity of perioral bristle use supports our hypothesis that the vibrissal-muscular complex of the florida manatee has evolved to increase the efficiency of grazing and browsing on aquatic vegetation and to fully maximize the potential of the manatee as a generalist feeder. the manipulative and sensitive nature of the manatee snout is likely a manifestation of a complex sensory and motor system which has evolved for marine mammal aquatic herbivores living in shallow turbid habitats.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1125, "doi": "10.2307/1542126", "level1": ["manage_mechanical_forces"], "level2": [], "level3": ["manage_stress/strain"], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/1542126", "mag_terms": ["drag", "tension", "flow show", "flow", "mechanics", "biology", "eupolymnia heterobranchia"], "species": ["tampa", "florida manatee", "manatees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.012345679012345002, 0.037037037037037, 0.074074074074074], "relative_relevancy": [0.16666666666666602, 0.5, 1.0]}, {"paper": "W2039367565", "mesh_terms": [], "venue_ids": ["V199286587"], "venue_names": ["Marine Mammal Science", "For the Love of Insects", "Integrative and Comparative Biology"], "author_ids": ["A2147639240", "A2491661416", "A344240792"], "author_names": ["Christopher D. Marshall", "L. A. Clark", "Roger L. Reep"], "reference_ids": ["W2142117301", "W1957051716", "W2460304735", "W2021036969", "W1975431553", "W2082952910", "W2028681951", "W2006710739", "W2067243719", "W2682498174", "W2042743286", "W2040713547", "W2059616986", "W791299675", "W2002686736"], "title": "THE MUSCULAR HYDROSTAT OF THE FLORIDA MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS): A FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGICAL MODEL OF PERIORAL BRISTLE USE", "abstract": "facial musculature was examined in the florida manatee, tricbecbus manatus latirostris, in order to develop a functional model of perioral bristle use. muscles identified include the m. levator nasolabialis, m. buccinatorius, m. maxillonasolabialis, m. centralis nasi, m. lateralis nasi, m. spbincter colli profundus pars oris, m. orbicularis oris, m. mandibularis, and m. mentalis. a new muscle, m. centralis nasi, has been named and is an integral part of perioral bristle movement. the snout of the florida manatee is capable of performing complex movements. the prehensile ability of florida manatees can be explained in the context of a muscular hydrostat as defined by kier and smith (1985). eversion of certain bristles in the upper lip occurs by shortening longitudinal, transverse, and semicircular muscles in combination with volume displacement due to compensatory changes in the shape of the snout. midline sweeping of these bristles is accomplished by the contraction of m. centralis nasi. eversion of bristles on the lower jaw is a result of shortening of m. mentalis. contraction of m. orbicularis oris pushes vegetation into the oral cavity. all observed movement patterns and uses of perioral bristles can be explained by variation of these sequences within the context of muscular hydrostat function.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1126, "doi": "10.1093/ICB/42.6.1127", "level1": ["attach"], "level2": [], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/42/6/1127/698299", "mag_terms": ["contact area", "functional design", "interlocking", "mechanical engineering", "biomechanics", "computer science"], "species": ["florida manatee", "manatees"], "absolute_relevancy": [0.022988505747126003, 0.011494252873563001], "relative_relevancy": [1.0, 0.5]}, {"paper": "W2133568756", "mesh_terms": ["Cyclohexanols", "Glucosides", "Rhodotorula", "Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid", "Cyclohexanols", "Cyclohexanols", "Fresh Water", "Glucosides", "Glucosides", "Rhodotorula", "Rhodotorula", "Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization", "Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet", "Water Microbiology"], "venue_ids": ["V80252601"], "venue_names": ["Yeast", "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "American Zoologist", "Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation", "Collagen: Structure and Mechanics"], "author_ids": ["A2106596119", "A2211557058", "A2050139788", "A2079616661"], "author_names": ["Ruben Sommaruga", "Diego Libkind", "Mar\u00eda van Broock", "Kenia Whitehead"], "reference_ids": ["W1566715549", "W2008168422", "W2087297147", "W2100849251", "W2506471165", "W2032704807", "W2169039330", "W2066347962", "W2518985848", "W1121950425", "W2053953851", "W2025254716", "W2140125281", "W2140963209", "W2061651031", "W2044303927", "W2133145773"], "title": "Mycosporine-glutaminol-glucoside, a UV-absorbing compound of two Rhodotorula yeast species", "abstract": "high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), alone or in combination with mass spectrometry (ms), was used to screen the basidiomycetous yeasts rhodotorula minuta and r. slooffiae isolated from lakes for the presence of uv-absorbing compounds. mycosporine-glutaminol-glucoside (maximum absorption, 310 nm), a uv-photoprotective mycosporine known in terrestrial fungi, was the major uvabsorbing compound found in these species. this is the first identification of a mycosporine in yeasts. the presence of this compound seems to be a promising chemotaxonomical marker for yeast systematics. copyright \uf6d9 2004 john wiley & sons, ltd.", "isOpenAccess": false, "fullDocLink": "", "petalID": 1127, "doi": "10.1242/JEB.00764", "level1": ["manipulate_solids_liquids_gases_energy", "move_on/through_solids_liquids_gases"], "level2": [], "level3": [], "isBiomimicry": "Y", "url": "https://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/2/211", "mag_terms": ["fascicle", "electromyography", "sonomicrometry", "strain", "treadmill", "tendon", "work", "intensity", "anatomy", "chemistry"], "species": [], "absolute_relevancy": [], "relative_relevancy": []}, diff --git a/great_expectations/plugins/custom_modules/__pycache__/expect_non_empty_unique.cpython-38.pyc b/great_expectations/plugins/custom_modules/__pycache__/expect_non_empty_unique.cpython-38.pyc index d1a5634..be06132 100644 Binary files a/great_expectations/plugins/custom_modules/__pycache__/expect_non_empty_unique.cpython-38.pyc and b/great_expectations/plugins/custom_modules/__pycache__/expect_non_empty_unique.cpython-38.pyc differ