diff --git a/.github/workflows/benchmark.yml b/.github/workflows/benchmark.yml
index 153a0657..db14daab 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/benchmark.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/benchmark.yml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: cmake
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache -D CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache -DENABLE_BENCHMARKS=ON ${{ matrix.flags }}  -G Ninja -S . -B .
+          cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache -D CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache -DENABLE_BENCHMARKS=ON -DENABLE_LOGGING=OFF ${{ matrix.flags }}  -G Ninja -S . -B .
       - name: build
         shell: bash
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index b6512ff7..50c3a41a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ jobs:
             cc: 'gcc-10'
             cxx: 'g++-10'
             flags: '-DENABLE_TRACING=OFF'
+          - os: 'ubuntu-22.04'
+            cc: 'gcc-10'
+            cxx: 'g++-10'
+            flags: '-DENABLE_TRACING=OFF -DENABLE_LOGGING=OFF'
           - os: 'ubuntu-22.04'
             cc: 'clang-15'
             cxx: 'clang++-15'
diff --git a/nautilus/src/nautilus/compiler/DumpHandler.cpp b/nautilus/src/nautilus/compiler/DumpHandler.cpp
index b2d2d85b..ebc1df86 100644
--- a/nautilus/src/nautilus/compiler/DumpHandler.cpp
+++ b/nautilus/src/nautilus/compiler/DumpHandler.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "nautilus/compiler/DumpHandler.hpp"
 #include "nautilus/common/File.hpp"
-#include "spdlog/fmt/fmt.h"
+#include "fmt/core.h"
 #include <filesystem>
 
 namespace nautilus::compiler {
diff --git a/nautilus/src/nautilus/logging.hpp b/nautilus/src/nautilus/logging.hpp
index 74eb2073..692ed2bf 100644
--- a/nautilus/src/nautilus/logging.hpp
+++ b/nautilus/src/nautilus/logging.hpp
@@ -1,25 +1,36 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <nautilus/config.hpp>
+#ifdef ENABLE_LOGGING
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+#endif
 
 namespace nautilus::log {
 template <typename... Args>
-void info(spdlog::format_string_t<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args) {
-	spdlog::info(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+void info([[maybe_unused]] const char* fmt, [[maybe_unused]]Args&&... args) {
+#ifdef ENABLE_LOGGING
+	spdlog::info("{}", fmt::format(fmt::runtime(fmt), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+#endif
 }
 
 template <typename... Args>
-void debug(spdlog::format_string_t<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args) {
-	spdlog::debug(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+void debug([[maybe_unused]] const char* fmt, [[maybe_unused]] Args&&... args) {
+#ifdef ENABLE_LOGGING
+	spdlog::debug("{}", fmt::format(fmt::runtime(fmt), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+#endif
 }
 
 template <typename... Args>
-void trace(spdlog::format_string_t<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args) {
-	spdlog::trace(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+void trace([[maybe_unused]] const char* fmt, [[maybe_unused]] Args&&... args) {
+#ifdef ENABLE_LOGGING
+	spdlog::trace("{}",fmt::format(fmt::runtime(fmt), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+#endif
 }
 
 template <typename... Args>
-void error(spdlog::format_string_t<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args) {
-	spdlog::debug(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+void error([[maybe_unused]] const char* fmt, [[maybe_unused]] Args&&... args) {
+#ifdef ENABLE_LOGGING
+	spdlog::error("{}", fmt::format(fmt::runtime(fmt), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+#endif
 }
 } // namespace nautilus::log
diff --git a/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/ExecutionTrace.cpp b/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/ExecutionTrace.cpp
index 201b0975..4cbb8c75 100644
--- a/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/ExecutionTrace.cpp
+++ b/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/ExecutionTrace.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ value_ref ExecutionTrace::addOperationWithResult(Snapshot& snapshot, Op& operati
 	return to.resultRef;
 }
 
-void ExecutionTrace::addCmpOperation(Snapshot& snapshot, nautilus::tracing::value_ref inputs) {
+void ExecutionTrace::addCmpOperation(Snapshot& snapshot, value_ref inputs) {
 	if (blocks.empty()) {
 		createBlock();
 	}
diff --git a/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/ExecutionTrace.hpp b/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/ExecutionTrace.hpp
index 77fef459..2e1b600d 100644
--- a/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/ExecutionTrace.hpp
+++ b/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/ExecutionTrace.hpp
@@ -127,10 +127,7 @@ class ExecutionTrace {
 	uint16_t lastValueRef = 0;
 	std::unordered_map<Snapshot, operation_identifier> globalTagMap;
 	std::unordered_map<Snapshot, operation_identifier> localTagMap;
-
 	operation_identifier getNextOperationIdentifier();
 };
 
 } // namespace nautilus::tracing
-
-
diff --git a/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/TraceContext.cpp b/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/TraceContext.cpp
index 88af1371..ff0b244e 100644
--- a/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/TraceContext.cpp
+++ b/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/TraceContext.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,17 @@
 #include "nautilus/logging.hpp"
 #include "symbolic_execution/SymbolicExecutionContext.hpp"
 #include "symbolic_execution/TraceTerminationException.hpp"
+#include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <cassert>
 
+namespace fmt {
+template <>
+struct formatter<nautilus::tracing::ExecutionTrace> : formatter<std::string_view> {
+	static auto format(const nautilus::tracing::ExecutionTrace& trace, format_context& ctx) -> format_context::iterator;
+};
+}
+
+
 namespace nautilus::tracing {
 
 static thread_local TraceContext* traceContext;
@@ -38,17 +47,7 @@ value_ref TraceContext::registerFunctionArgument(Type type, size_t index) {
 }
 
 void TraceContext::traceValueDestruction(nautilus::tracing::value_ref) {
-	/*if (symbolicExecutionContext->getCurrentMode() ==
-	SymbolicExecutionContext::MODE::FOLLOW) { auto currentOperation =
-	executionTrace->getCurrentOperation(); executionTrace->nextOperation();
-	    assert(currentOperation.op == FREE);
-	    return;
-	}*/
-	// auto op = Op::FREE;
-	// auto valueType = Type::v;
-	// auto tag = tagRecorder.createTag();
-	// executionTrace->addOperation(tag, varRefMap, op, valueType, 0, target);
-	return;
+	// currently yed not implemented
 }
 
 value_ref TraceContext::traceLoad(const value_ref& src, Type resultType) {
@@ -138,7 +137,6 @@ value_ref TraceContext::traceCall(const std::string& functionName, const std::st
 		auto currentOperation = executionTrace->getCurrentOperation();
 		executionTrace->nextOperation();
 		assert(currentOperation.op == CALL);
-		//   executionTrace->variableBitset[currentOperation.resultRef] = true;
 		return currentOperation.resultRef;
 	}
 
@@ -165,16 +163,6 @@ void TraceContext::traceAssignment(const value_ref& targetRef, const value_ref&
 		return;
 	}
 	auto tag = recordSnapshot();
-	/*
-	auto found = executionTrace->globalTagMap.find(tag);
-	if (found != executionTrace->globalTagMap.end()) {
-	    auto currentOp =
-	executionTrace->getBlock(found->second.blockIndex).operations[found->second.operationIndex];
-	    if(std::get<value_ref>(currentOp.input[0]) != sourceRef){
-	        executionTrace->addAssignmentOperation(tag, targetRef, sourceRef,
-	resultType); return;
-	    };
-	}*/
 	if (executionTrace->checkTag(tag)) {
 		executionTrace->addAssignmentOperation(tag, targetRef, sourceRef, resultType);
 		return;
@@ -292,7 +280,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<ExecutionTrace> TraceContext::trace(std::function<void()>& trace
 		try {
 			traceIteration = traceIteration + 1;
 			log::trace("Trace Iteration {}", traceIteration);
-			log::trace("{}", tc->executionTrace->toString());
+			log::trace("{}", *tc->executionTrace);
 			tc->symbolicExecutionContext->next();
 			tc->executionTrace->resetExecution();
 			TraceContext::get()->resume();
@@ -303,7 +291,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<ExecutionTrace> TraceContext::trace(std::function<void()>& trace
 	auto trace = std::move(tc->executionTrace);
 	terminate();
 	log::debug("Tracing Terminated with {} iterations", traceIteration);
-	log::trace("Final trace: {}", trace->toString());
+	log::trace("Final trace: {}", *trace);
 	return trace;
 }
 
@@ -353,3 +341,4 @@ Snapshot TraceContext::recordSnapshot() {
 }
 
 } // namespace nautilus::tracing
+
diff --git a/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/phases/SSACreationPhase.cpp b/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/phases/SSACreationPhase.cpp
index 95013d8f..8350a1a9 100644
--- a/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/phases/SSACreationPhase.cpp
+++ b/nautilus/src/nautilus/tracing/phases/SSACreationPhase.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 
 #include <nautilus/exceptions/RuntimeException.hpp>
-#include <nautilus/logging.hpp>
 #include <nautilus/tracing/ExecutionTrace.hpp>
 #include <nautilus/tracing/phases/SSACreationPhase.hpp>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include "fmt/core.h"
 
 namespace nautilus::tracing {
 
@@ -241,20 +241,6 @@ void SSACreationPhase::SSACreationPhaseContext::makeBlockArgumentsUnique() {
 	for (Block& block : trace->getBlocks()) {
 		std::unordered_map<uint16_t, uint16_t> blockArgumentMap;
 
-		// iterate over all arguments of this block and create new ValRefs if the
-		// argument ref is not local. for (uint64_t argIndex = 0; argIndex <
-		// block.arguments.size(); argIndex++) {
-		//    auto argRef = block.arguments[argIndex];
-		//    if (argRef.blockId != block.blockId) {
-		//        auto newLocalRef =
-		//                ValueRef(block.blockId, block.operations.size() +
-		//                blockArgumentMap.size() + 100,
-		//                         argRef.type);
-		//        blockArgumentMap[argRef] = newLocalRef;
-		//        block.arguments[argIndex] = newLocalRef;
-		//    }
-		//}
-
 		// set the new ValRefs to all depending on operations.
 		for (uint64_t i = 0; i < block.operations.size(); i++) {
 			auto& operation = block.operations[i];