---
You should now be logged into your amazon instance! You should see something like this:
ubuntu@ip-172-30-1-252:~$
this is the command prompt.
First, let's install software for short read quality assessment, trimming and python virtual environments:
sudo apt-get -y update && \ sudo apt-get -y install trimmomatic python-pip \ samtools zlib1g-dev ncurses-dev python-dev unzip \ python3.5-dev python3.5-venv make \ libc6-dev g++ zlib1g-dev
Now install FastQC:
wget -c http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/fastqc_v0.11.5.zip unzip fastqc_v0.11.5.zip cd FastQC chmod +x fastqc cd
Now, create a python 3.5 virtual environment and install software within:
python3.5 -m venv ~/py3 . ~/py3/bin/activate pip install -U pip pip install -U Cython pip install -U jupyter jupyter_client ipython pandas matplotlib scipy scikit-learn khmer pip install -U https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash/archive/master.zip
Let's also run a Jupyter Notebook. First, configure it a teensy bit more securely, and also have it run in the background:
jupyter notebook --generate-config -y cat >>~/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py <<EOF c = get_config() c.NotebookApp.ip = '*' c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False c.NotebookApp.password = u'sha1:5d813e5d59a7:b4e430cf6dbd1aad04838c6e9cf684f4d76e245c' c.NotebookApp.port = 8888 EOF
Now, run!
jupyter notebook &
and then run this in your browser:
ubuntu@xxx.amazonaws.com:8888/
When prompted for a password or token enter the password we give you in class.
We're going to be using a subset of data from Hu et al., 2016. This paper from the Banfield lab samples some relatively low diversity environments and finds a bunch of nearly complete genomes.
(See DATA.html for a list of the data sets we're using in this tutorial.)
We've loaded subsets of the data onto an Amazon location for you, to
make everything faster for today's work. We're going to put the
files on your computer locally under the directory ~/data:
mkdir ~/data
Next, let's grab part of the data set:
cd ~/data curl -O -L https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dib-training.ucdavis.edu/metagenomics-scripps-2016-10-12/SRR1976948_1.fastq.gz curl -O -L https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dib-training.ucdavis.edu/metagenomics-scripps-2016-10-12/SRR1976948_2.fastq.gz curl -O -L https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dib-training.ucdavis.edu/metagenomics-scripps-2016-10-12/SRR1977249_1.fastq.gz curl -O -L https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dib-training.ucdavis.edu/metagenomics-scripps-2016-10-12/SRR1977249_2.fastq.gz
Let's make sure we downloaded all of our data using md5sum.:
md5sum SRR1976948_1.fastq.gz SRR1976948_2.fastq.gz SRR1977249_1.fastq.gz SRR1977249_2.fastq.gz
You should see this:
37bc70919a21fccb134ff2fefcda03ce SRR1976948_1.fastq.gz 29919864e4650e633cc409688b9748e2 SRR1976948_2.fastq.gz ee25ae14f84308f972cebd42e55502dd SRR1977249_1.fastq.gz 84b15b4f5975cd7941e211336ff27993 SRR1977249_2.fastq.gz
Now if you type:
ls -l
you should see something like:
total 704320 -r--rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 169620631 Sep 21 01:50 SRR1976948_1.fastq.gz -r--rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 185636992 Sep 21 01:50 SRR1976948_2.fastq.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 177682886 Sep 21 03:26 SRR1977249_1.fastq.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 188269868 Sep 21 03:26 SRR1977249_2.fastq.gz
These are 1m read subsets of the original data, taken from the beginning of the file.
One problem with these files is that they are writeable - by default, UNIX makes things writeable by the file owner. This poses an issue with creating typos or errors in raw data. Let's fix that before we go on any further:
chmod u-w *
We'll talk about what these files are below.
First, make a working directory; this will be a place where you can futz around with a copy of the data without messing up your primary data:
mkdir ~/work cd ~/work
Now, make a "virtual copy" of the data in your working directory by linking it in --
ln -fs ~/data/* .
These are FASTQ files -- let's take a look at them:
less SRR1976948_1.fastq.gz
(use the spacebar to scroll down, and type 'q' to exit 'less')
Question:
- where does the filename come from?
- why are there 1 and 2 in the file names?
Links:
We're going to use FastQC to summarize the data. We already installed 'fastqc' on our computer for you.
Now, run FastQC on these files:
~/FastQC/fastqc SRR1976948_1.fastq.gz ~/FastQC/fastqc SRR1976948_2.fastq.gz ~/FastQC/fastqc SRR1977249_1.fastq.gz ~/FastQC/fastqc SRR1977249_2.fastq.gz
Now type 'ls':
ls -d *fastqc.zip*
to list the files, and you should see:
SRR1976948_1_fastqc.zip SRR1976948_2_fastqc.zip SRR1977249_1_fastqc.zip SRR1977249_1_fastqc.zip
Inside each of the fatqc directories you will find reports from the fastqc. You can download these files using your Jupyter Notebook console, if you like; or you can look at these copies of them:
Questions:
- What should you pay attention to in the FastQC report?
- Which is "better", file 1 or file 2? And why?
Links:
There are several caveats about FastQC - the main one is that it only calculates certain statistics (like duplicated sequences) for subsets of the data (e.g. duplicate sequences are only analyzed for the first
Now we're going to do some trimming! We'll be using Trimmomatic, which (as with fastqc) we've already installed via apt-get.
The first thing we'll need are the adapters to trim off:
curl -O -L http://dib-training.ucdavis.edu.s3.amazonaws.com/mRNAseq-semi-2015-03-04/TruSeq2-PE.fa
Now, to run Trimmomatic:
for filename in *_1.fastq.gz
do
#Use the program basename to remove _1.fastq.gz to generate the base
base=$(basename $filename _1.fastq.gz)
echo $base
TrimmomaticPE ${base}_1.fastq.gz \
${base}_2.fastq.gz \
${base}_1.qc.fq.gz ${base}_s1_se \
${base}_2.qc.fq.gz ${base}_s2_se \
ILLUMINACLIP:TruSeq2-PE.fa:2:40:15 \
LEADING:2 TRAILING:2 \
SLIDINGWINDOW:4:2 \
MINLEN:25
done
You should see output that looks like this:
... Input Read Pairs: 1000000 Both Surviving: 885734 (88.57%) Forward Only Surviving: 114262 (11.43%) Reverse Only Surviving: 4 (0.00%) Dropped: 0 (0.00%) TrimmomaticPE: Completed successfully ... Input Read Pairs: 1000000 Both Surviving: 918983 (91.90%) Forward Only Surviving: 81012 (8.10%) Reverse Only Surviving: 4 (0.00%) Dropped: 1 (0.00%) TrimmomaticPE: Completed successfully
Questions:
- How do you figure out what the parameters mean?
- How do you figure out what parameters to use?
- What adapters do you use?
- What version of Trimmomatic are we using here? (And FastQC?)
- Do you think parameters are different for RNAseq and genomic data sets?
- What's with these annoyingly long and complicated filenames?
- why are we running R1 and R2 together?
For a discussion of optimal trimming strategies, see MacManes, 2014 -- it's about RNAseq but similar arguments should apply to metagenome assembly.
Links:
Run FastQC again on the trimmed files:
~/FastQC/fastqc SRR1976948_1.qc.fq.gz ~/FastQC/fastqc SRR1976948_2.qc.fq.gz ~/FastQC/fastqc SRR1977249_1.qc.fq.gz ~/FastQC/fastqc SRR1977249_2.qc.fq.gz
And now view my copies of these files:
Let's take a look at the output files:
less SRR1976948_1.qc.fq.gz
(again, use spacebar to scroll, 'q' to exit less).
MultiQC aggregates results across many samples into a single report for easy comparison.
Install MultiQC within the py3 environment:
pip install git+https://github.com/ewels/MultiQC.git
Now, run Mulitqc on both the untrimmed and trimmed files within the work directory:
multiqc .
And now you should see output that looks like this:
[INFO ] multiqc : This is MultiQC v1.0 [INFO ] multiqc : Template : default [INFO ] multiqc : Searching '.' Searching 15 files.. [####################################] 100% [INFO ] fastqc : Found 4 reports [INFO ] multiqc : Compressing plot data [INFO ] multiqc : Report : multiqc_report.html [INFO ] multiqc : Data : multiqc_data [INFO ] multiqc : MultiQC complete
Now we can view the output file using Jupyter Notebook.
Questions:
- is the quality trimmed data "better" than before?
- Does it matter that you still have adapters!?
Optional: :doc:`kmer_trimming`
Next: :doc:`assemble`