Tools_and_Tool_Calling.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "-CVPAiNAy9MH"
   },
   "source": [
    "# Exploring Tools in LangChain"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "L1KvMtf54l0d"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Install OpenAI, and LangChain dependencies"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!pip install langchain==0.3.11\n",
    "!pip install langchain-openai==0.2.12\n",
    "!pip install langchain-community==0.3.11"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "TlfidBdQZRGj"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Install Search APIs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!pip install duckduckgo-search\n",
    "!pip install wikipedia\n",
    "# to highlight json\n",
    "!pip install rich"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'6.3.5'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import duckduckgo_search\n",
    "duckduckgo_search.__version__"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 4, 0)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import wikipedia\n",
    "wikipedia.__version__"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "H9c37cLnSrbg"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Enter Open AI API Key"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "cv3JzCEx_PAd"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from getpass import getpass\n",
    "\n",
    "OPENAI_KEY = getpass('Enter Open AI API Key: ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Enter Tavily Search API Key\n",
    "\n",
    "Get a free API key from [here](https://tavily.com/#api)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "mK-1WLzOrJdb",
    "outputId": "6e473bd4-02e8-459d-fd0e-0d06f1db4b58"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter Tavily Search API Key: ··········\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "TAVILY_API_KEY = getpass('Enter Tavily Search API Key: ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "1T0s0um5Svfa"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Setup Environment Variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "\n",
    "os.environ['OPENAI_API_KEY'] = OPENAI_KEY\n",
    "os.environ['TAVILY_API_KEY'] = TAVILY_API_KEY"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "howf-v0ARWbv"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Exploring the Wikipedia Tool\n",
    "\n",
    "Enables you to tap into the Wikipedia API to search wikipedia pages for information"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "q2CMhK9Rjk2t"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_community.tools import WikipediaQueryRun\n",
    "from langchain_community.utilities import WikipediaAPIWrapper\n",
    "\n",
    "wiki_api_wrapper = WikipediaAPIWrapper(top_k_results=2, doc_content_chars_max=8000)\n",
    "wiki_tool = WikipediaQueryRun(api_wrapper=wiki_api_wrapper, features=\"lxml\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 53
    },
    "id": "t1Ce8wbYodYO",
    "outputId": "96fdf780-d3a1-4648-a721-e36d53def917"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'A wrapper around Wikipedia. Useful for when you need to answer general questions about people, places, companies, facts, historical events, or other subjects. Input should be a search query.'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wiki_tool.description"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "d2MSVAh2osSE",
    "outputId": "85b05691-6218-40ad-af7f-b763a5885310"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'query': {'description': 'query to look up on wikipedia',\n",
       "  'title': 'Query',\n",
       "  'type': 'string'}}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wiki_tool.args"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "luhjlzeSkgUq",
    "outputId": "f21469e5-c552-4b59-fd98-83ffaaf5047b"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Page: New Delhi\n",
      "Summary: New Delhi ( , Hindi: [ˈnəiː ˈdɪlːiː], ISO: Naī Dillī) is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the Government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Sansad Bhavan, and the Supreme Court. New Delhi is a municipality within the NCT, administered by the NDMC, which covers mostly Lutyens' Delhi and a few adjacent areas. The municipal area is part of a larger administrative district, the New Delhi district.\n",
      "Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi, both are distinct entities, with the municipality and the New Delhi district forming a relatively small part within the megacity of Delhi. The National Capital Region is an even larger entity, comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in the two neighbouring states forming a continuously built-up area with it, including Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida, Meerut, YEIDA City, Gurgaon, and Faridabad.\n",
      "The foundation stone of New Delhi, south of central Delhi, was laid by George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor-General Irwin.\n",
      "\n",
      "Page: Parliament House, New Delhi\n",
      "Summary: Parliament House (ISO: Saṁsada Bhavana), in New Delhi is the seat of the Parliament of India. It houses the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, which are lower and upper houses respectively in India's bicameral parliament.\n",
      "It is located on Rafi Marg, which crosses the Central Vista and is surrounded by the Old Parliament House, Vijay Chowk, India Gate, National War Memorial, Vice President's Enclave, Hyderabad House, Secretariat Building, Prime Minister's Office and residence, ministerial buildings and other administrative units of the Indian government.\n",
      "As part of India's Central Vista Redevelopment Project, a new parliament building was constructed in New Delhi. It was inaugurated on 28 May 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The New Parliament House was first used for official business on 19 September 2023 during a Parliamentary Special Session. On the same day, Women's Reservations Bill, 2023 was introduced in the parliament.\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(wiki_tool.invoke({\"query\": \"New Delhi\"}))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "jglV7GRXjk5O",
    "outputId": "574d3d31-a5cd-4b7c-8b49-f8a462e400f6"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Page: Artificial intelligence\n",
      "Summary: Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems. It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. Such machines may be called AIs.\n",
      "Some high-profile applications of AI include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google Search); recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon, and Netflix); interacting via human speech (e.g., Google Assistant, Siri, and Alexa); autonomous vehicles (e.g., Waymo); generative and creative tools (e.g., ChatGPT, and AI art); and superhuman play and analysis in strategy games (e.g., chess and Go). However, many AI applications are not perceived as AI: \"A lot of cutting edge AI has filtered into general applications, often without being called AI because once something becomes useful enough and common enough it's not labeled AI anymore.\"\n",
      "The various subfields of AI research are centered around particular goals and the use of particular tools. The traditional goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception, and support for robotics. General intelligence—the ability to complete any task performable by a human on an at least equal level—is among the field's long-term goals. To reach these goals, AI researchers have adapted and integrated a wide range of techniques, including search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, operations research, and economics. AI also draws upon psychology, linguistics, philosophy, neuroscience, and other fields.\n",
      "Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and the field went through multiple cycles of optimism, followed by periods of disappointment and loss of funding, known as AI winter. Funding and interest vastly increased after 2012 when deep learning outperformed previous AI techniques. This growth accelerated further after 2017 with the transformer architecture, and by the early 2020s hundreds of billions of dollars were being invested in AI (known as the \"AI boom\"). The widespread use of AI in the 21st century exposed several unintended consequences and harms in the present and raised concerns about its risks and long-term effects in the future, prompting discussions about regulatory policies to ensure the safety and benefits of the technology.\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/home/santhosh/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py:389: GuessedAtParserWarning: No parser was explicitly specified, so I'm using the best available HTML parser for this system (\"lxml\"). This usually isn't a problem, but if you run this code on another system, or in a different virtual environment, it may use a different parser and behave differently.\n",
      "\n",
      "The code that caused this warning is on line 389 of the file /home/santhosh/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py. To get rid of this warning, pass the additional argument 'features=\"lxml\"' to the BeautifulSoup constructor.\n",
      "\n",
      "  lis = BeautifulSoup(html).find_all('li')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(wiki_tool.invoke({\"query\": \"AI\"}))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "LnfMeoXJVn-i"
   },
   "source": [
    " You can customize the default tool with its own name, description and so on as follows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "1tO5g9Q1jk7x"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain.agents import Tool\n",
    "\n",
    "wiki_tool_init = Tool(name=\"Wikipedia\",\n",
    "                      func=wiki_api_wrapper.run,\n",
    "                      description=\"useful when you need a detailed answer about encyclopaedic general knowledge\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 35
    },
    "id": "ZRTfVUuGo7ti",
    "outputId": "34e124b4-7fa5-46b5-f39d-adf60c0ae197"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'useful when you need a detailed answer about encyclopaedic general knowledge'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wiki_tool_init.description"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "TW0emMEIou-L",
    "outputId": "a82673d3-57e7-4af7-b9d5-e1d50f208d67"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'tool_input': {'type': 'string'}}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wiki_tool_init.args"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "kgAwdPrBjk-x",
    "outputId": "835c3355-317a-48f2-aa2c-4b813ee792fd"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Page: Artificial intelligence\n",
      "Summary: Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems. It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. Such machines may be called AIs.\n",
      "Some high-profile applications of AI include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google Search); recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon, and Netflix); interacting via human speech (e.g., Google Assistant, Siri, and Alexa); autonomous vehicles (e.g., Waymo); generative and creative tools (e.g., ChatGPT, and AI art); and superhuman play and analysis in strategy games (e.g., chess and Go). However, many AI applications are not perceived as AI: \"A lot of cutting edge AI has filtered into general applications, often without being called AI because once something becomes useful enough and common enough it's not labeled AI anymore.\"\n",
      "The various subfields of AI research are centered around particular goals and the use of particular tools. The traditional goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception, and support for robotics. General intelligence—the ability to complete any task performable by a human on an at least equal level—is among the field's long-term goals. To reach these goals, AI researchers have adapted and integrated a wide range of techniques, including search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, operations research, and economics. AI also draws upon psychology, linguistics, philosophy, neuroscience, and other fields.\n",
      "Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and the field went through multiple cycles of optimism, followed by periods of disappointment and loss of funding, known as AI winter. Funding and interest vastly increased after 2012 when deep learning outperformed previous AI techniques. This growth accelerated further after 2017 with the transformer architecture, and by the early 2020s hundreds of billions of dollars were being invested in AI (known as the \"AI boom\"). The widespread use of AI in the 21st century exposed several unintended consequences and harms in the present and raised concerns about its risks and long-term effects in the future, prompting discussions about regulatory policies to ensure the safety and benefits of the technology.\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/home/santhosh/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py:389: GuessedAtParserWarning: No parser was explicitly specified, so I'm using the best available HTML parser for this system (\"lxml\"). This usually isn't a problem, but if you run this code on another system, or in a different virtual environment, it may use a different parser and behave differently.\n",
      "\n",
      "The code that caused this warning is on line 389 of the file /home/santhosh/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py. To get rid of this warning, pass the additional argument 'features=\"lxml\"' to the BeautifulSoup constructor.\n",
      "\n",
      "  lis = BeautifulSoup(html).find_all('li')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(wiki_tool_init.invoke({\"tool_input\": \"AI\"}))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "cnQfnkQeV7Hp"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Exploring the Tavily Search Tool\n",
    "\n",
    "Tavily Search API is a search engine optimized for LLMs and RAG, aimed at efficient, quick and persistent search results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "UjWM95p5pB4k"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_community.tools.tavily_search import TavilySearchResults\n",
    "\n",
    "tavily_tool = TavilySearchResults(max_results=2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "WmawzibmjlC6",
    "outputId": "0dc06add-bc19-44e8-c72b-8811fb4a9ff9"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'query': {'description': 'search query to look up',\n",
       "  'title': 'Query',\n",
       "  'type': 'string'}}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tavily_tool.args"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 53
    },
    "id": "eERoFFoPjlGJ",
    "outputId": "e504d2a6-695a-4587-8010-a4fc212e6a01"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'A search engine optimized for comprehensive, accurate, and trusted results. Useful for when you need to answer questions about current events. Input should be a search query.'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tavily_tool.description"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "khqWQVcvrnG9",
    "outputId": "bbe49aad-34d8-4c4c-e123-f4427f470e67"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[{'url': 'https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Delhi',\n",
       "  'content': 'Where is New Delhi?\\nNew Delhi is situated in the north-central part of India on the west bank of the Yamuna River, adjacent to and just south of Old Delhi, the historic centre of Delhi, and within the Delhi national capital territory.\\n It is situated in the north-central part of the country on the west bank of the Yamuna River, adjacent to and just south of Delhi city (Old Delhi) and within the Delhi national capital territory.\\n The straight and diagonal pattern of the broad tree-lined avenues in New Delhi, with extensive green spaces and wide vistas, contrasts sharply with the crowded, narrow, and winding streets characteristic of Old Delhi. Construction began in 1912 at a site about 3 miles (5 km), south of the Delhi city centre, and the new capital was formally dedicated in 1931.\\n Recent News\\nWhat is New Delhi?\\nNew Delhi is the national capital of India.\\n'},\n",
       " {'url': 'https://facts.net/world/cities/32-facts-about-delhi/',\n",
       "  'content': \"A: Delhi is known for its vibrant markets like Chandni Chowk, Sarojini Nagar, Janpath, and Khan Market, where you can find everything from clothes and accessories to spices and handicrafts. Delhi's captivating history, vibrant culture, and iconic landmarks make it a must-visit destination for travelers. If you're curious to learn more about\"}]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results = tavily_tool.invoke(\"Tell me about New Delhi\")\n",
    "results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "ReJNMi5or6E9",
    "outputId": "f9ff10ab-d306-4739-917d-a74ec6a0e2ad"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[{'url': 'https://news.faharas.net/162273/bangalore-weather-and-aqi-today/',\n",
       "  'content': \"Bangalore Weather Today: Warm 19.26°C and AQI Insights for November 13, 2024! 10:34 Warriors Celebrate Klay Thompson’s Triumphant Return to Chase Center Against Mavericks 10:30 Unleashing Innovation: How Tech Giants are Transforming the Future of Industry 10:13 Kentucky Basketball Shocks No. 6 Duke Blue Devils with Epic Victory – 4 Key Takeaways! Bangalore Weather Today: Warm 19.26°C and AQI Insights for November 13, 2024! Bangalore's weather on November 13, 2024, is 26.21 °C with rain forecasted. Bangalore weather update on November 13, 2024, reveals a warm day ahead with a current temperature of 26.21 °C. Fast Answer: Today’s weather in Bangalore features a temperature of 26.21 °C, with rain expected. Bangalore’s weather today is characterized by a comfortable temperature and good air quality. In conclusion, today’s weather in Bangalore is warm, with rain expected.\"},\n",
       " {'url': 'https://www.heraldchronicle.com/news/national/election-2024-vance/image_68b82c2c-31fa-53f5-bb09-064592ed3beb.html',\n",
       "  'content': 'Sunny. High 86F. Winds SE at 5 to 10 mph..\\r\\n                                \\nClear skies. Low 62F. Winds light and variable.\\n Updated: August 23, 2024 @ 4:55 am\\n\\n\\n        \\n\\n        \\n            City C'}]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results = tavily_tool.invoke(\"What is the current weather in Bangalore? from weatherapi\")\n",
    "results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 159
    },
    "id": "n2rcyjZJsFZN",
    "outputId": "2534904e-e5ab-495b-f961-cf3a4d19fb2f"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Bangalore Weather Today: Warm 19.26°C and AQI Insights for November 13, 2024! 10:34 Warriors Celebrate Klay Thompson’s Triumphant Return to Chase Center Against Mavericks 10:30 Unleashing Innovation: How Tech Giants are Transforming the Future of Industry 10:13 Kentucky Basketball Shocks No. 6 Duke Blue Devils with Epic Victory – 4 Key Takeaways! Bangalore Weather Today: Warm 19.26°C and AQI Insights for November 13, 2024! Bangalore's weather on November 13, 2024, is 26.21 °C with rain forecasted. Bangalore weather update on November 13, 2024, reveals a warm day ahead with a current temperature of 26.21 °C. Fast Answer: Today’s weather in Bangalore features a temperature of 26.21 °C, with rain expected. Bangalore’s weather today is characterized by a comfortable temperature and good air quality. In conclusion, today’s weather in Bangalore is warm, with rain expected.\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results[0]['content']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 159
    },
    "id": "n2rcyjZJsFZN",
    "outputId": "2534904e-e5ab-495b-f961-cf3a4d19fb2f"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Bangalore Weather Today: Warm 19.26°C and AQI Insights for November 13, 2024! 10:34 Warriors Celebrate Klay Thompson’s Triumphant Return to Chase Center Against Mavericks 10:30 Unleashing Innovation: How Tech Giants are Transforming the Future of Industry 10:13 Kentucky Basketball Shocks No. 6 Duke Blue Devils with Epic Victory – 4 Key Takeaways! Bangalore Weather Today: Warm 19.26°C and AQI Insights for November 13, 2024! Bangalore's weather on November 13, 2024, is 26.21 °C with rain forecasted. Bangalore weather update on November 13, 2024, reveals a warm day ahead with a current temperature of 26.21 °C. Fast Answer: Today’s weather in Bangalore features a temperature of 26.21 °C, with rain expected. Bangalore’s weather today is characterized by a comfortable temperature and good air quality. In conclusion, today’s weather in Bangalore is warm, with rain expected.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(results[0]['content'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "collapsed": true,
    "id": "RWZSKFYsW-Yg",
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "outputId": "3eb3bf59-afac-4cdb-c582-ff7f4e01c78e"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "JSONDecodeError",
     "evalue": "Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mJSONDecodeError\u001b[0m                           Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/tmp/ipykernel_639278/3975866732.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<cell line: 0>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mimport\u001b[0m \u001b[0mjson\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mjson\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mloads\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mresults\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'content'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreplace\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'\\''\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'\\\"'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/json/__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mloads\u001b[0;34m(s, cls, object_hook, parse_float, parse_int, parse_constant, object_pairs_hook, **kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    344\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mparse_int\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparse_float\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mand\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    345\u001b[0m             parse_constant is None and object_pairs_hook is None and not kw):\n\u001b[0;32m--> 346\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_default_decoder\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdecode\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    347\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcls\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    348\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mcls\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mJSONDecoder\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/json/decoder.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdecode\u001b[0;34m(self, s, _w)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    335\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    336\u001b[0m         \"\"\"\n\u001b[0;32m--> 337\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mraw_decode\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0midx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    338\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    339\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m!=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/json/decoder.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mraw_decode\u001b[0;34m(self, s, idx)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    353\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mscan_once\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0midx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    354\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mStopIteration\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 355\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mJSONDecodeError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"Expecting value\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvalue\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfrom\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    356\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mJSONDecodeError\u001b[0m: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "json.loads(results[0]['content'].replace('\\'', '\\\"'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 788
    },
    "id": "K3VmfdPPbkRK",
    "outputId": "69f3489d-350b-4389-e086-068398c79f9b"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<pre style=\"white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"location\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"name\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Bangalore\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"region\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Karnataka\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"country\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"India\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"lat\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">12.98</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"lon\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">77.58</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"tz_id\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Asia/Kolkata\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"localtime_epoch\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1719703434</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"localtime\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"2024-06-30 4:53\"</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>,\n",
       "  <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"current\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"last_updated_epoch\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1719702900</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"last_updated\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"2024-06-30 04:45\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"temp_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">23.3</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"temp_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">73.9</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"is_day\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"condition\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"text\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Partly cloudy\"</span>,\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"icon\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/116.png\"</span>,\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"code\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1003</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_mph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">8.1</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_kph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">13.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_degree\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">240</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_dir\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"WSW\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"pressure_mb\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1012.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"pressure_in\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">29.88</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"precip_mm\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"precip_in\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"humidity\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">94</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"cloud\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">50</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"feelslike_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">25.4</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"feelslike_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">77.7</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"windchill_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">21.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"windchill_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">69.9</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"heatindex_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">24.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"heatindex_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">75.6</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"dewpoint_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">18.4</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"dewpoint_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">65.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"vis_km\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">6.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"vis_miles\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">3.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"uv\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"gust_mph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">15.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"gust_kph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">24.2</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>\n",
       "<span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>\n",
       "</pre>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "\u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1;34m\"location\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"name\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Bangalore\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"region\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Karnataka\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"country\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"India\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"lat\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m12.98\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"lon\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m77.58\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"tz_id\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Asia/Kolkata\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"localtime_epoch\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1719703434\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"localtime\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"2024-06-30 4:53\"\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m,\n",
       "  \u001b[1;34m\"current\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"last_updated_epoch\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1719702900\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"last_updated\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"2024-06-30 04:45\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"temp_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m23.3\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"temp_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m73.9\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"is_day\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"condition\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"text\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Partly cloudy\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"icon\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/116.png\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"code\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1003\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_mph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m8.1\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_kph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m13.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_degree\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m240\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_dir\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"WSW\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"pressure_mb\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1012.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"pressure_in\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m29.88\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"precip_mm\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"precip_in\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"humidity\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m94\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"cloud\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m50\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"feelslike_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m25.4\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"feelslike_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m77.7\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"windchill_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m21.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"windchill_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m69.9\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"heatindex_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m24.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"heatindex_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m75.6\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"dewpoint_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m18.4\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"dewpoint_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m65.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"vis_km\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m6.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"vis_miles\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m3.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"uv\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"gust_mph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m15.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"gust_kph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m24.2\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m\n",
       "\u001b[1m}\u001b[0m\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import rich\n",
    "\n",
    "rich.print_json(\n",
    "    results[0]['content'].replace('\\'', '\\\"')\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "rtRKAB7GWdSP",
    "outputId": "d179fcc9-4259-4276-e101-92c737d4af3f"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[{'url': 'https://phys.org/news/2024-04-reveals-topological-reversal-quantum.html',\n",
       "  'content': \"DOI: 10.1126/science.adg3848 Journal information: Science Journal information: Science Provided by ETH Zurich Explore further Facebook Twitter Email Feedback to editors 19 hours ago 0 Apr 17, 2024 0 Apr 17, 2024 0 Apr 17, 2024 0 Apr 17, 2024 0 3 minutes ago 3 minutes ago 3 minutes ago 13 minutes ago 4 hours ago 8 hours ago 12 hours ago 12 hours ago 12 hours ago 13 hours ago Relevant PhysicsForums posts 17 hours ago Apr 15, 2024  Apr 12, 2024 Apr 12, 2024 More from Quantum Physics Related Stories Mar 10, 2023 Aug 22, 2022 Aug 19, 2019 Jul 31, 2023 Mar 13, 2023 Nov 11, 2019 Recommended for you Apr 17, 2024  Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: fact-checked peer-reviewed publication trusted source proofread Research reveals a surprising topological reversal in quantum systems by Oliver Morsch, \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t ETH Zurich In principle, one shouldn't compare apples to oranges. Medical Xpress Medical research advances and health news Tech Xplore The latest engineering, electronics and technology advances Science\\xa0X The most comprehensive sci-tech news coverage on the web Newsletters Follow us Apr 16, 2024 Apr 16, 2024 Apr 15, 2024 Apr 15, 2024 Apr 15, 2024 Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. \"},\n",
       " {'url': 'https://www.hccommunityjournal.com/local-events/?_evDiscoveryPath=/event%2F106043281n-ian-tonroy',\n",
       "  'content': 'Sun and clouds mixed. High around 80F. Winds SE at 10 to 15 mph..\\r\\n                                \\nA few clouds. Low 56F. Winds ESE at 5 to 10 mph.\\n Updated: October 19, 2024 @ 1:43 pm\\nYour browser i'}]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results = tavily_tool.invoke(\"Get Current weather in Zurich, from weatherapi\")\n",
    "results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 788
    },
    "id": "hGPan3_RWsFo",
    "outputId": "80134fa6-31b0-44b9-950c-8ac39e70e22d"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<pre style=\"white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"location\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"name\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Zurich\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"region\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"country\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Switzerland\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"lat\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">47.37</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"lon\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">8.55</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"tz_id\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Europe/Zurich\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"localtime_epoch\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1719703487</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"localtime\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"2024-06-30 1:24\"</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>,\n",
       "  <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"current\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"last_updated_epoch\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1719702900</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"last_updated\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"2024-06-30 01:15\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"temp_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">21.3</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"temp_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">70.3</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"is_day\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"condition\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"text\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Light rain\"</span>,\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"icon\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/296.png\"</span>,\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"code\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1183</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_mph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">2.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_kph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">3.6</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_degree\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">245</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_dir\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"WSW\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"pressure_mb\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1010.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"pressure_in\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">29.83</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"precip_mm\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0.01</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"precip_in\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"humidity\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">78</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"cloud\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">75</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"feelslike_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">21.3</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"feelslike_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">70.3</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"windchill_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">16.8</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"windchill_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">62.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"heatindex_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">16.8</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"heatindex_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">62.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"dewpoint_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">16.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"dewpoint_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">61.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"vis_km\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">2.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"vis_miles\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"uv\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"gust_mph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">7.5</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"gust_kph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">12.1</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>\n",
       "<span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>\n",
       "</pre>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "\u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1;34m\"location\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"name\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Zurich\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"region\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"country\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Switzerland\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"lat\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m47.37\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"lon\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m8.55\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"tz_id\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Europe/Zurich\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"localtime_epoch\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1719703487\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"localtime\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"2024-06-30 1:24\"\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m,\n",
       "  \u001b[1;34m\"current\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"last_updated_epoch\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1719702900\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"last_updated\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"2024-06-30 01:15\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"temp_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m21.3\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"temp_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m70.3\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"is_day\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"condition\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"text\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Light rain\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"icon\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/296.png\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"code\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1183\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_mph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m2.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_kph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m3.6\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_degree\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m245\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_dir\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"WSW\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"pressure_mb\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1010.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"pressure_in\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m29.83\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"precip_mm\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0.01\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"precip_in\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"humidity\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m78\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"cloud\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m75\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"feelslike_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m21.3\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"feelslike_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m70.3\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"windchill_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m16.8\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"windchill_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m62.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"heatindex_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m16.8\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"heatindex_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m62.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"dewpoint_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m16.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"dewpoint_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m61.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"vis_km\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m2.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"vis_miles\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"uv\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"gust_mph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m7.5\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"gust_kph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m12.1\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m\n",
       "\u001b[1m}\u001b[0m\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "rich.print_json(\n",
    "    results[0]['content'].replace('\\'', '\\\"')\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "UnKivWlHZoL7"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Exploring the DuckDuckGo Search Tool\n",
    "\n",
    "Enables you to search for words, documents, images, videos, news, maps and text translation using the DuckDuckGo.com search engine."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "iiw3xNrEsPcr"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_community.utilities import DuckDuckGoSearchAPIWrapper\n",
    "from langchain_community.tools import DuckDuckGoSearchResults\n",
    "\n",
    "# we choose wt-wt to just do generic and not region specific search\n",
    "# check https://github.com/deedy5/duckduckgo_search?tab=readme-ov-file#regions for more details\n",
    "wrapper = DuckDuckGoSearchAPIWrapper(region=\"wt-wt\", max_results=2)\n",
    "ddgs_tool = DuckDuckGoSearchResults(api_wrapper=wrapper, source=\"news\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 319
    },
    "id": "2dnyqMiRwhFe",
    "outputId": "534f308d-4a35-4bd5-d226-57c7e3859c1f"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"snippet: In December 1911 King George V of Britain decreed that the capital of British India would be moved from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to Delhi. Construction began in 1912 at a site about 3 miles (5 km) south of the Delhi city centre, and the new capital was formally dedicated in 1931. The straight and diagonal pattern of the broad tree-lined avenues ..., title: New Delhi | History, Population, Map, & Facts | Britannica, link: https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Delhi, snippet: One of the country's largest urban agglomerations, Delhi sits astride (but primarily on the west bank of) the Yamuna River, a tributary of the Ganges (Ganga) River, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Himalayas.The national capital territory embraces Old and New Delhi and the surrounding metropolitan region, as well as adjacent rural areas. To the east the territory is bounded by the state ..., title: Delhi | History, Population, Map, & Facts | Britannica, link: https://www.britannica.com/place/Delhi, snippet: The Metro. New Delhi's metro system is air-conditioned (which, during the intense summer heat is a lifesaver), cheap, and reliable. Within just 20-30 minutes, you can get from the airport to the city center. Don't be afraid to use it during the day, even if you're a woman traveling alone., title: First time in New Delhi? How to survive (and have a good time), link: https://www.sunshineseeker.com/destinations/first-time-guide-delhi-india/, snippet: The sights and sounds of Old Delhi, once called Shahjahanabad, seems to revolve around the Jama Masjid. Built by Shah Jahan between 1650 and 1656, it is the largest mosque in India and a familiar sight in Hindi movies such as Delhi-6. Built on an elevated plinth, the mosque towers over the surrounding markets and old buildings in the neighbourhood., title: 20 places to visit in Delhi that are not tourist traps, link: https://www.cntraveller.in/story/places-to-visit-in-delhi/\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results = ddgs_tool.invoke(\"Tell me about New Delhi\")\n",
    "results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "IG_-OG86y7e-",
    "outputId": "1cd24342-8b0a-4627-9c74-723fb07622e3"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[\"snippet: In December 1911 King George V of Britain decreed that the capital of British India would be moved from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to Delhi. Construction began in 1912 at a site about 3 miles (5 km) south of the Delhi city centre, and the new capital was formally dedicated in 1931. The straight and diagonal pattern of the broad tree-lined avenues ..., title: New Delhi | History, Population, Map, & Facts | Britannica, link: https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Delhi, snippet: One of the country's largest urban agglomerations, Delhi sits astride (but primarily on the west bank of) the Yamuna River, a tributary of the Ganges (Ganga) River, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Himalayas.The national capital territory embraces Old and New Delhi and the surrounding metropolitan region, as well as adjacent rural areas. To the east the territory is bounded by the state ..., title: Delhi | History, Population, Map, & Facts | Britannica, link: https://www.britannica.com/place/Delhi, snippet: The Metro. New Delhi's metro system is air-conditioned (which, during the intense summer heat is a lifesaver), cheap, and reliable. Within just 20-30 minutes, you can get from the airport to the city center. Don't be afraid to use it during the day, even if you're a woman traveling alone., title: First time in New Delhi? How to survive (and have a good time), link: https://www.sunshineseeker.com/destinations/first-time-guide-delhi-india/, snippet: The sights and sounds of Old Delhi, once called Shahjahanabad, seems to revolve around the Jama Masjid. Built by Shah Jahan between 1650 and 1656, it is the largest mosque in India and a familiar sight in Hindi movies such as Delhi-6. Built on an elevated plinth, the mosque towers over the surrounding markets and old buildings in the neighbourhood., title: 20 places to visit in Delhi that are not tourist traps, link: https://www.cntraveller.in/story/places-to-visit-in-delhi/\"]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results = [doc.strip('[]') for doc in results.split('], [')]\n",
    "results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 177
    },
    "id": "Lm-9BVwCx2Aa",
    "outputId": "7d690552-88ab-44f6-ec61-87eaf468e377"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'snippet: Weather In Bangalore. The minimum temperature in Bangalore today is likely to hover around 19 degrees Celsius, while the maximum temperature might reach 28 degrees Celsius. The mercury level is expected to hover around 26 degrees Celsius throughout the day, with the wind speed around 5.3. The wind will move around 90 degrees with a gust speed ..., title: Bangalore Weather Today (Monday, Nov 18, 2024) - India Today, link: https://www.indiatoday.in/weather/bangalore-weather-forecast-today, snippet: Urban Meteorological Services for Bengaluru India Meteorological Department Ministry of Earth Sciences Government of India, title: Bengaluru | IMD Urban Meteorological Services, link: https://mausam.imd.gov.in/bengalurums/, snippet: Providing a local hourly Bengaluru weather forecast of rain, sun, wind, humidity and temperature. The Long-range 12 day forecast also includes detail for Bengaluru weather today. Live weather reports from Bengaluru weather stations and weather warnings that include risk of thunder, high UV index and forecast gales., title: Bengaluru Weather Forecast, link: https://www.weather-forecast.com/locations/Bangalore/forecasts/latest, snippet: Bengaluru Weather Forecasts. Weather Underground provides local & long-range weather forecasts, weatherreports, maps & tropical weather conditions for the Bengaluru area., title: Bengaluru, India Weather Conditions | Weather Underground, link: https://www.wunderground.com/weather/in/bengaluru'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results = ddgs_tool.invoke(\"What is the current weather in Bangalore\")\n",
    "results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "eadRdme90R_n",
    "outputId": "d02de95c-8fdc-4a78-c3ec-38eb5a60806f"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['snippet: Weather In Bangalore. The minimum temperature in Bangalore today is likely to hover around 19 degrees Celsius, while the maximum temperature might reach 28 degrees Celsius. The mercury level is expected to hover around 26 degrees Celsius throughout the day, with the wind speed around 5.3. The wind will move around 90 degrees with a gust speed ..., title: Bangalore Weather Today (Monday, Nov 18, 2024) - India Today, link: https://www.indiatoday.in/weather/bangalore-weather-forecast-today, snippet: Urban Meteorological Services for Bengaluru India Meteorological Department Ministry of Earth Sciences Government of India, title: Bengaluru | IMD Urban Meteorological Services, link: https://mausam.imd.gov.in/bengalurums/, snippet: Providing a local hourly Bengaluru weather forecast of rain, sun, wind, humidity and temperature. The Long-range 12 day forecast also includes detail for Bengaluru weather today. Live weather reports from Bengaluru weather stations and weather warnings that include risk of thunder, high UV index and forecast gales., title: Bengaluru Weather Forecast, link: https://www.weather-forecast.com/locations/Bangalore/forecasts/latest, snippet: Bengaluru Weather Forecasts. Weather Underground provides local & long-range weather forecasts, weatherreports, maps & tropical weather conditions for the Bengaluru area., title: Bengaluru, India Weather Conditions | Weather Underground, link: https://www.wunderground.com/weather/in/bengaluru']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results = [doc.strip('[]') for doc in results.split('], [')]\n",
    "results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "-GNP2J9Dd_nj"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Build your own tools in LangChain\n",
    "\n",
    "Tools are interfaces that an agent, chain, or LLM can use to interact with the world. They combine a few things:\n",
    "\n",
    "- The name of the tool\n",
    "- A description of what the tool is\n",
    "- JSON schema of what the inputs to the tool are\n",
    "- The function to call\n",
    "- Whether the result of a tool should be returned directly to the user\n",
    "\n",
    "It is useful to have all this information because this information can be used to build action-taking systems! The name, description, and JSON schema can be used to prompt the LLM so it knows how to specify what action to take, and then the function to call is equivalent to taking that action."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "JvPAmW62eLyE"
   },
   "source": [
    "We will start by building a simple tool which does some basic math"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "wa0mztbQ8Ae3",
    "outputId": "895162e5-909b-43c5-f6af-bfb1e4236382"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "multiply\n",
      "Multiply two numbers.\n",
      "{'a': {'title': 'A'}, 'b': {'title': 'B'}}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_core.tools import tool\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "@tool\n",
    "def multiply(a, b):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Multiply two numbers.\"\"\"\n",
    "    return a * b\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Let's inspect some of the attributes associated with the tool.\n",
    "print(multiply.name)\n",
    "print(multiply.description)\n",
    "print(multiply.args)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 121
    },
    "id": "tfP2TjeK8FsR",
    "outputId": "fe6ede63-8819-4def-e65c-4fac01ec78ce"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "langchain_core.tools.structured.StructuredTool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(multiply)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "EsOVBIvX8Agu",
    "outputId": "e35d2bf1-6a18-421c-97b4-93775887db9b"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "multiply.invoke({\"a\": 2, \"b\": 3})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "cC7o_Mv5-Grc",
    "outputId": "1381a7aa-3955-46d2-d04c-c3b0229ea917"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6.720000000000001"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "multiply.invoke({\"a\": 2.1, \"b\": 3.2})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 35
    },
    "id": "vN4tHdDa-Tm2",
    "outputId": "51337012-1fcd-41e6-82b1-6eddb4bfc911"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'abcabc'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "multiply.invoke({\"a\": 2, \"b\": 'abc'})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "XED8giGYeS_I"
   },
   "source": [
    "Let's now build a tool with data type enforcing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "9sKF2zqQ8Aih",
    "outputId": "be7f1da2-e74e-46eb-b903-8ccdbd674efe"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Calculator\n",
      "use to multiply numbers\n",
      "{'a': {'description': 'first number', 'title': 'A', 'type': 'number'}, 'b': {'description': 'second number', 'title': 'B', 'type': 'number'}}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from pydantic import BaseModel, Field\n",
    "from langchain_core.tools import StructuredTool\n",
    "\n",
    "class CalculatorInput(BaseModel):\n",
    "    a: float = Field(description=\"first number\")\n",
    "    b: float = Field(description=\"second number\")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def multiply(a: float, b: float) -> float:\n",
    "    \"\"\"Multiply two numbers.\"\"\"\n",
    "    return a * b\n",
    "\n",
    "# we could also use the @tool decorator from before\n",
    "calculator = StructuredTool.from_function(\n",
    "    func=multiply,\n",
    "    name=\"Calculator\",\n",
    "    description=\"use to multiply numbers\",\n",
    "    args_schema=CalculatorInput,\n",
    "    return_direct=True\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "# Let's inspect some of the attributes associated with the tool.\n",
    "print(calculator.name)\n",
    "print(calculator.description)\n",
    "print(calculator.args)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "H5taFxZg8Akc",
    "outputId": "5431cd37-7917-4fdc-fbc7-edf0dc8d7960"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "calculator.invoke({\"a\": 2, \"b\": 3})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 345
    },
    "id": "3PTl9ezG8Ans",
    "outputId": "7f785ab6-569d-436d-cd9d-d07847b3ade2"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValidationError",
     "evalue": "1 validation error for CalculatorInput\nb\n  Input should be a valid number, unable to parse string as a number [type=float_parsing, input_value='abc', input_type=str]\n    For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.9/v/float_parsing",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValidationError\u001b[0m                           Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/tmp/ipykernel_639278/3822437443.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<cell line: 0>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# this code will error out as abc is not a floating point number\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mcalculator\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minvoke\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m{\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"a\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\"b\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'abc'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m}\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/tools/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36minvoke\u001b[0;34m(self, input, config, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    482\u001b[0m     ) -> Any:\n\u001b[1;32m    483\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mtool_input\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_prep_run_args\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mconfig\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 484\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrun\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtool_input\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    485\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    486\u001b[0m     async def ainvoke(\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/tools/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrun\u001b[0;34m(self, tool_input, verbose, start_color, color, callbacks, tags, metadata, run_name, run_id, config, tool_call_id, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    687\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0merror_to_raise\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    688\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mrun_manager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mon_tool_error\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0merror_to_raise\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 689\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0merror_to_raise\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    690\u001b[0m         \u001b[0moutput\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_format_output\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcontent\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0martifact\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtool_call_id\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mname\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstatus\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    691\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mrun_manager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mon_tool_end\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0moutput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcolor\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcolor\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mname\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mname\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/tools/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrun\u001b[0;34m(self, tool_input, verbose, start_color, color, callbacks, tags, metadata, run_name, run_id, config, tool_call_id, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    649\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mcontext\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcopy_context\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    650\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mcontext\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrun\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_set_config_context\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mchild_config\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 651\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0mtool_args\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtool_kwargs\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_to_args_and_kwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtool_input\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    652\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0msignature\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_run\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mparameters\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"run_manager\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    653\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mtool_kwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"run_manager\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrun_manager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/tools/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_to_args_and_kwargs\u001b[0;34m(self, tool_input)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    572\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    573\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_to_args_and_kwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtool_input\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mUnion\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mstr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdict\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m->\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtuple\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtuple\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdict\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 574\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mtool_input\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_parse_input\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtool_input\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    575\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;31m# For backwards compatibility, if run_input is a string,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    576\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;31m# pass as a positional argument.\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/tools/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_parse_input\u001b[0;34m(self, tool_input)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    513\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0minput_args\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    514\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0missubclass\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput_args\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mBaseModel\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 515\u001b[0;31m                     \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0minput_args\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmodel_validate\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtool_input\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    516\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0mresult_dict\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmodel_dump\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    517\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0;32melif\u001b[0m \u001b[0missubclass\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput_args\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mBaseModelV1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic/main.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mmodel_validate\u001b[0;34m(cls, obj, strict, from_attributes, context)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    594\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;31m# `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    595\u001b[0m         \u001b[0m__tracebackhide__\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 596\u001b[0;31m         return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    597\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstrict\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mstrict\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfrom_attributes\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfrom_attributes\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcontext\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcontext\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    598\u001b[0m         )\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mValidationError\u001b[0m: 1 validation error for CalculatorInput\nb\n  Input should be a valid number, unable to parse string as a number [type=float_parsing, input_value='abc', input_type=str]\n    For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.9/v/float_parsing"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# this code will error out as abc is not a floating point number\n",
    "calculator.invoke({\"a\": 2, \"b\": 'abc'})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "bIOhB430gpW9"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Explore LLM tool calling with custom tools\n",
    "\n",
    "An agent is basically an LLM which has the capability to automatically call relevant functions to perform complex or tool-based tasks based on input human prompts.\n",
    "\n",
    "Tool calling also popularly known as function calling is the ability to reliably enable such LLMs to call external tools and APIs.\n",
    "\n",
    "We will create some custom tools here and try to see if the LLM can automatically call the right tools based on input prompts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "x72Vwtb68Aqz"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_community.tools.tavily_search import TavilySearchResults\n",
    "from langchain_core.tools import tool\n",
    "import rich\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "@tool\n",
    "def add(a: float, b: float) -> float:\n",
    "    \"\"\"Adds a and b.\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(a + b)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "@tool\n",
    "def multiply(a: float, b: float) -> float:\n",
    "    \"\"\"Multiplies a and b.\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(a * b)\n",
    "\n",
    "@tool\n",
    "def search_web(query: str) -> list:\n",
    "    \"\"\"Search the web for a query.\"\"\"\n",
    "    tavily_tool = TavilySearchResults(max_results=2)\n",
    "    results = tavily_tool.invoke(query)\n",
    "    for result in results:\n",
    "      print(result['content'])\n",
    "\n",
    "@tool\n",
    "def get_weather(query: str) -> list:\n",
    "    \"\"\"Search weatherapi to get the current weather.\"\"\"\n",
    "    if 'weather' not in query: # guides the search tool to use weatherapi\n",
    "      query = query + \" weather from weatherapi\"\n",
    "    tavily_tool = TavilySearchResults(max_results=1)\n",
    "    result = tavily_tool.invoke(query)\n",
    "    rich.print_json(result[0]['content'].replace('\\'', '\\\"'))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "tools = [add, multiply, search_web, get_weather]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "4Y26Ohn3P54j"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Tool calling for LLMs with native support for tool or function calling"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "1nACq0NgL5yM"
   },
   "source": [
    "Tool calling allows a model to respond to a given prompt by generating output that matches a user-defined schema. While the name implies that the model is performing some action, this is actually not the case! The model is coming up with the arguments to a tool, and actually running the tool (or not) is up to the user or agent defined by the user.\n",
    "\n",
    "Many LLM providers, including Anthropic, Cohere, Google, Mistral, OpenAI, and others, support variants of a tool calling feature. These features typically allow requests to the LLM to include available tools and their schemas, and for responses to include calls to these tools.\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "s0wCNpzCBvtS"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI\n",
    "\n",
    "chatgpt = ChatOpenAI(model=\"gpt-4o\", temperature=0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "rjKWxFNgB2t_"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "chatgpt_with_tools = chatgpt.bind_tools(tools)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "hJ271K_tB9K7"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# LLMs are still not perfect in tool calling so you might need to play around with the following prompt\n",
    "prompt = \"\"\"\n",
    "            Given only the tools at your disposal, mention tool calls for the following tasks:\n",
    "            Do not change the query given for any search tasks\n",
    "            1. What is 2.1 times 3.5\n",
    "            2. What is 11 + 29\n",
    "            3. What is the current weather in Greenland today\n",
    "            4. Can you tell me about Greenland and its capital\n",
    "         \"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "results = chatgpt_with_tools.invoke(prompt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "kLoZWknjCNlC",
    "outputId": "aec67cf0-17b4-4f6a-f9b2-51916f09e3e1"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "AIMessage(content='', additional_kwargs={'tool_calls': [{'id': 'call_CbpQqb8Cv1WkVCH3w8YdLTYQ', 'function': {'arguments': '{\"a\": 2.1, \"b\": 3.5}', 'name': 'multiply'}, 'type': 'function'}, {'id': 'call_CANWlFE27GD4ZI1W6UkCKJ2A', 'function': {'arguments': '{\"a\": 11, \"b\": 29}', 'name': 'add'}, 'type': 'function'}, {'id': 'call_8N8LyqfZl72KvRoqA7EOyYMm', 'function': {'arguments': '{\"query\": \"Greenland\"}', 'name': 'get_weather'}, 'type': 'function'}, {'id': 'call_bjSqKy7YOy3Qs1vSYDhNcAZe', 'function': {'arguments': '{\"query\": \"Greenland and its capital\"}', 'name': 'search_web'}, 'type': 'function'}], 'refusal': None}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 87, 'prompt_tokens': 199, 'total_tokens': 286, 'completion_tokens_details': {'accepted_prediction_tokens': 0, 'audio_tokens': 0, 'reasoning_tokens': 0, 'rejected_prediction_tokens': 0}, 'prompt_tokens_details': {'audio_tokens': 0, 'cached_tokens': 0}}, 'model_name': 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'system_fingerprint': 'fp_7f6be3efb0', 'finish_reason': 'tool_calls', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-2f210851-ee63-4158-a697-7bd6c8cbef6c-0', tool_calls=[{'name': 'multiply', 'args': {'a': 2.1, 'b': 3.5}, 'id': 'call_CbpQqb8Cv1WkVCH3w8YdLTYQ', 'type': 'tool_call'}, {'name': 'add', 'args': {'a': 11, 'b': 29}, 'id': 'call_CANWlFE27GD4ZI1W6UkCKJ2A', 'type': 'tool_call'}, {'name': 'get_weather', 'args': {'query': 'Greenland'}, 'id': 'call_8N8LyqfZl72KvRoqA7EOyYMm', 'type': 'tool_call'}, {'name': 'search_web', 'args': {'query': 'Greenland and its capital'}, 'id': 'call_bjSqKy7YOy3Qs1vSYDhNcAZe', 'type': 'tool_call'}], usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 199, 'output_tokens': 87, 'total_tokens': 286, 'input_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'cache_read': 0}, 'output_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'reasoning': 0}})"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "ckZz5pcpCQau",
    "outputId": "1e9a91bf-b1c5-4f2a-ac72-28c3218c8508"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[{'name': 'multiply',\n",
       "  'args': {'a': 2.1, 'b': 3.5},\n",
       "  'id': 'call_CbpQqb8Cv1WkVCH3w8YdLTYQ',\n",
       "  'type': 'tool_call'},\n",
       " {'name': 'add',\n",
       "  'args': {'a': 11, 'b': 29},\n",
       "  'id': 'call_CANWlFE27GD4ZI1W6UkCKJ2A',\n",
       "  'type': 'tool_call'},\n",
       " {'name': 'get_weather',\n",
       "  'args': {'query': 'Greenland'},\n",
       "  'id': 'call_8N8LyqfZl72KvRoqA7EOyYMm',\n",
       "  'type': 'tool_call'},\n",
       " {'name': 'search_web',\n",
       "  'args': {'query': 'Greenland and its capital'},\n",
       "  'id': 'call_bjSqKy7YOy3Qs1vSYDhNcAZe',\n",
       "  'type': 'tool_call'}]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "results.tool_calls"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 1000
    },
    "id": "POvGp_xZCpSg",
    "outputId": "70467fca-c0eb-4425-e121-665de828bc17"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Calling tool: multiply\n",
      "7.3500000000000005\n",
      "\n",
      "Calling tool: add\n",
      "40.0\n",
      "\n",
      "Calling tool: get_weather\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<pre style=\"white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"location\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"name\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Nuuk\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"region\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Vestgronland\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"country\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Greenland\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"lat\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">64.183</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"lon\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">-51.75</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"tz_id\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"America/Nuuk\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"localtime_epoch\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1732010362</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"localtime\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"2024-11-19 07:59\"</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>,\n",
       "  <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"current\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"last_updated_epoch\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1732009500</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"last_updated\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"2024-11-19 07:45\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"temp_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">-4.8</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"temp_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">23.4</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"is_day\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"condition\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"text\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Clear\"</span>,\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"icon\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/113.png\"</span>,\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"code\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1000</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_mph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">6.7</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_kph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">10.8</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_degree\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">52</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_dir\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"NE\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"pressure_mb\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1036.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"pressure_in\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">30.59</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"precip_mm\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"precip_in\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"humidity\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">49</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"cloud\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"feelslike_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">-9.3</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"feelslike_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">15.3</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"windchill_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">-8.9</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"windchill_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">15.9</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"heatindex_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">-4.5</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"heatindex_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">23.9</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"dewpoint_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">-13.9</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"dewpoint_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">7.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"vis_km\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">10.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"vis_miles\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">6.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"uv\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"gust_mph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">9.9</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"gust_kph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">15.9</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>\n",
       "<span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>\n",
       "</pre>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "\u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1;34m\"location\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"name\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Nuuk\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"region\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Vestgronland\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"country\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Greenland\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"lat\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m64.183\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"lon\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m-51.75\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"tz_id\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"America/Nuuk\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"localtime_epoch\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1732010362\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"localtime\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"2024-11-19 07:59\"\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m,\n",
       "  \u001b[1;34m\"current\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"last_updated_epoch\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1732009500\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"last_updated\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"2024-11-19 07:45\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"temp_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m-4.8\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"temp_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m23.4\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"is_day\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"condition\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"text\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Clear\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"icon\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/113.png\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"code\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1000\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_mph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m6.7\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_kph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m10.8\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_degree\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m52\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_dir\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"NE\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"pressure_mb\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1036.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"pressure_in\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m30.59\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"precip_mm\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"precip_in\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"humidity\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m49\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"cloud\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"feelslike_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m-9.3\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"feelslike_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m15.3\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"windchill_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m-8.9\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"windchill_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m15.9\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"heatindex_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m-4.5\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"heatindex_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m23.9\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"dewpoint_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m-13.9\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"dewpoint_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m7.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"vis_km\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m10.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"vis_miles\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m6.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"uv\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"gust_mph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m9.9\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"gust_kph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m15.9\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m\n",
       "\u001b[1m}\u001b[0m\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "Calling tool: search_web\n",
      "Nuuk (Greenlandic pronunciation: ⓘ; Danish: Nuuk, [1] formerly Godthåb [ˈkʌtˌhɔˀp]) [2] is the capital of and most populous city in Greenland, an autonomous territory in the Kingdom of Denmark.Nuuk is the seat of government and the territory's largest cultural and economic center. Nuuk is also the seat of government for the Sermersooq municipality.In January 2024, it had a population\n",
      "Nuuk, Greenland. Nuuk, capital and main port of Greenland, on the southwestern coast, near the mouth of the Godthåb Fjord, an inlet of the Davis Strait, and the mountain landmarks Sermitsiaq (\"Saddle Island\") and Hjortetakken (\"Deer Antlers\"). The modern town dates from 1721, when Hans Egede, a Norwegian missionary, founded a colony\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "toolkit = {\n",
    "    \"add\": add,\n",
    "    \"multiply\": multiply,\n",
    "    \"search_web\": search_web,\n",
    "    \"get_weather\": get_weather\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "for tool_call in results.tool_calls:\n",
    "    selected_tool = toolkit[tool_call[\"name\"].lower()]\n",
    "    print(f\"Calling tool: {tool_call['name']}\")\n",
    "    tool_output = selected_tool.invoke(tool_call[\"args\"])\n",
    "    print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "yJXO6NaNKVQk",
    "outputId": "a0a7b84f-c5e2-472b-a77c-6973a2b30ffb"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[StructuredTool(name='add', description='Adds a and b.', args_schema=<class 'langchain_core.utils.pydantic.add'>, func=<function add at 0x7c19a4f1a5c0>),\n",
       " StructuredTool(name='multiply', description='Multiplies a and b.', args_schema=<class 'langchain_core.utils.pydantic.multiply'>, func=<function multiply at 0x7c19a4fb7a60>),\n",
       " StructuredTool(name='search_web', description='Search the web for a query.', args_schema=<class 'langchain_core.utils.pydantic.search_web'>, func=<function search_web at 0x7c19a4fb7ba0>),\n",
       " StructuredTool(name='get_weather', description='Search weatherapi to get the current weather.', args_schema=<class 'langchain_core.utils.pydantic.get_weather'>, func=<function get_weather at 0x7c19a4fb7ec0>)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tools"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "_1Yc8d9MQDqa"
   },
   "source": [
    "### Tool calling for LLMs without native support for tool or function calling"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "yIXJC1-9RXnx"
   },
   "source": [
    "Some models like ChatGPT have been fine-tuned for tool calling and provide a dedicated API for tool calling. Generally, such models are better at tool calling than non-fine-tuned models, and are recommended for use cases that require tool calling.\n",
    "\n",
    "Here we will explore an alternative method to invoke tools if you're using a model that does not natively support tool calling (even though we use ChatGPT here which supports it, we will assume it could be any LLM which doesn't support tool calling).\n",
    "\n",
    "We'll do this by simply writing a prompt that will get the model to invoke the appropriate tools."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "xr2Wt-iuHEuw",
    "outputId": "682a6f13-45c3-44dd-f4dc-f7d89fc0b303"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "add(a: float, b: float) -> float - Adds a and b.\n",
      "multiply(a: float, b: float) -> float - Multiplies a and b.\n",
      "search_web(query: str) -> list - Search the web for a query.\n",
      "get_weather(query: str) -> list - Search weatherapi to get the current weather.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_core.output_parsers import JsonOutputParser\n",
    "from langchain_core.prompts import ChatPromptTemplate\n",
    "from langchain_core.tools import render_text_description\n",
    "\n",
    "rendered_tools = render_text_description(tools)\n",
    "print(rendered_tools)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "sO8AT_uiK3zV"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "system_prompt = f\"\"\"\\\n",
    "You are an assistant that has access to the following set of tools.\n",
    "Here are the names and descriptions for each tool:\n",
    "\n",
    "{rendered_tools}\n",
    "\n",
    "Given the user instructions, for each instruction do the following:\n",
    " - Return the name and input of the tool to use.\n",
    " - Return your response as a JSON blob with 'name' and 'arguments' keys.\n",
    " - The `arguments` should be a dictionary, with keys corresponding\n",
    "   to the argument names and the values corresponding to the requested values.\n",
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages(\n",
    "    [\n",
    "        (\"system\", system_prompt),\n",
    "        (\"user\", \"{input}\")\n",
    "    ]\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "aNq3a5B9HEy-"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "instructions = [\n",
    "                  {\"input\" : \"What is 2.1 times 3.5\"},\n",
    "                  {\"input\" : \"What is 11 + 29\"},\n",
    "                  {\"input\" : \"What is the current weather in Greenland\"},\n",
    "                  {\"input\" : \"Tell me about Greenland and its capital\" }\n",
    "               ]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "GJWWhI0NHE3J"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_core.output_parsers import JsonOutputParser\n",
    "\n",
    "chain = (prompt\n",
    "            |\n",
    "         chatgpt\n",
    "            |\n",
    "         JsonOutputParser()\n",
    "        )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "id": "a8O7pvViHE5l",
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "OutputParserException",
     "evalue": "Invalid json output: To provide you with the most accurate and up-to-date information about Greenland and its capital, I will perform a web search.\nFor troubleshooting, visit: https://python.langchain.com/docs/troubleshooting/errors/OUTPUT_PARSING_FAILURE",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mJSONDecodeError\u001b[0m                           Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/output_parsers/json.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mparse_result\u001b[0;34m(self, result, partial)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     82\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 83\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparse_json_markdown\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtext\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     84\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mJSONDecodeError\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/utils/json.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mparse_json_markdown\u001b[0;34m(json_string, parser)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    143\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mjson_str\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mjson_string\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmatch\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32melse\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmatch\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mgroup\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 144\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_parse_json\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mjson_str\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    145\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/utils/json.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_parse_json\u001b[0;34m(json_str, parser)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    159\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;31m# Parse the JSON string into a Python dictionary\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 160\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparser\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mjson_str\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    161\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/utils/json.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mparse_partial_json\u001b[0;34m(s, strict)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    117\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;31m# for the original string.\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 118\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mjson\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mloads\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstrict\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mstrict\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    119\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/json/__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mloads\u001b[0;34m(s, cls, object_hook, parse_float, parse_int, parse_constant, object_pairs_hook, **kw)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    358\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mkw\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'parse_constant'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparse_constant\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 359\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcls\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkw\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdecode\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/json/decoder.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdecode\u001b[0;34m(self, s, _w)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    336\u001b[0m         \"\"\"\n\u001b[0;32m--> 337\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mraw_decode\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0midx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    338\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_w\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/json/decoder.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mraw_decode\u001b[0;34m(self, s, idx)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    354\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mStopIteration\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 355\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mJSONDecodeError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"Expecting value\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvalue\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfrom\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    356\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mJSONDecodeError\u001b[0m: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)",
      "\nThe above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mOutputParserException\u001b[0m                     Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/tmp/ipykernel_639278/3400985064.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<cell line: 0>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mresponses\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mchain\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmap\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minvoke\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minstructions\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36minvoke\u001b[0;34m(self, input, config, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   5054\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mInput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mconfig\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mOptional\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mRunnableConfig\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mAny\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   5055\u001b[0m     ) -> list[Output]:\n\u001b[0;32m-> 5056\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_call_with_config\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_invoke\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mconfig\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   5057\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   5058\u001b[0m     async def _ainvoke(\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_call_with_config\u001b[0;34m(self, func, input, config, run_type, serialized, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1925\u001b[0m             output = cast(\n\u001b[1;32m   1926\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mOutput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1927\u001b[0;31m                 context.run(\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1928\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0mcall_func_with_variable_args\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m  \u001b[0;31m# type: ignore[arg-type]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1929\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m  \u001b[0;31m# type: ignore[arg-type]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/config.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mcall_func_with_variable_args\u001b[0;34m(func, input, config, run_manager, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    394\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrun_manager\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0maccepts_run_manager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    395\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"run_manager\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrun_manager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 396\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m  \u001b[0;31m# type: ignore[call-arg]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    397\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    398\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_invoke\u001b[0;34m(self, inputs, run_manager, config, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   5049\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mpatch_config\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mconfig\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcallbacks\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrun_manager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_child\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0minputs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   5050\u001b[0m         ]\n\u001b[0;32m-> 5051\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbound\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbatch\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minputs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mconfigs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   5052\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   5053\u001b[0m     def invoke(\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mbatch\u001b[0;34m(self, inputs, config, return_exceptions, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   3167\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   3168\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mi\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstep\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0menumerate\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msteps\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 3169\u001b[0;31m                     inputs = step.batch(\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   3170\u001b[0m                         \u001b[0minputs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   3171\u001b[0m                         [\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mbatch\u001b[0;34m(self, inputs, config, return_exceptions, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    789\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    790\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mwith\u001b[0m \u001b[0mget_executor_for_config\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mconfigs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0mexecutor\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 791\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcast\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mOutput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mexecutor\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmap\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minvoke\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0minputs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mconfigs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    792\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    793\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;34m@\u001b[0m\u001b[0moverload\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/concurrent/futures/_base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mresult_iterator\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    617\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0;31m# Careful not to keep a reference to the popped future\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    618\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtimeout\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 619\u001b[0;31m                         \u001b[0;32myield\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_result_or_cancel\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpop\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    620\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    621\u001b[0m                         \u001b[0;32myield\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_result_or_cancel\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpop\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mend_time\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtime\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmonotonic\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/concurrent/futures/_base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_result_or_cancel\u001b[0;34m(***failed resolving arguments***)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    315\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    316\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 317\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfut\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtimeout\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    318\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mfinally\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    319\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mfut\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcancel\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/concurrent/futures/_base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mresult\u001b[0;34m(self, timeout)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    454\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mCancelledError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    455\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0;32melif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_state\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0mFINISHED\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 456\u001b[0;31m                     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m__get_result\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    457\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    458\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mTimeoutError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/concurrent/futures/_base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__get_result\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    399\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_exception\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    400\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 401\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_exception\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    402\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mfinally\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    403\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0;31m# Break a reference cycle with the exception in self._exception\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/concurrent/futures/thread.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrun\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     56\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     57\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 58\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfn\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     59\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mBaseException\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0mexc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     60\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfuture\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mset_exception\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mexc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/config.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_wrapped_fn\u001b[0;34m(*args)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    525\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    526\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_wrapped_fn\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mAny\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m->\u001b[0m \u001b[0mT\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 527\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcontexts\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpop\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrun\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfn\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    528\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    529\u001b[0m         return super().map(\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36minvoke\u001b[0;34m(input, config)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    782\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    783\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 784\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minvoke\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mconfig\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    785\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    786\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;31m# If there's only one input, don't bother with the executor\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/output_parsers/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36minvoke\u001b[0;34m(self, input, config, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    191\u001b[0m     ) -> T:\n\u001b[1;32m    192\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mBaseMessage\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 193\u001b[0;31m             return self._call_with_config(\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    194\u001b[0m                 lambda inner_input: self.parse_result(\n\u001b[1;32m    195\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mChatGeneration\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmessage\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0minner_input\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_call_with_config\u001b[0;34m(self, func, input, config, run_type, serialized, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1925\u001b[0m             output = cast(\n\u001b[1;32m   1926\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mOutput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1927\u001b[0;31m                 context.run(\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1928\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0mcall_func_with_variable_args\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m  \u001b[0;31m# type: ignore[arg-type]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1929\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m  \u001b[0;31m# type: ignore[arg-type]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/runnables/config.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mcall_func_with_variable_args\u001b[0;34m(func, input, config, run_manager, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    394\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrun_manager\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0maccepts_run_manager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    395\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"run_manager\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrun_manager\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 396\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m  \u001b[0;31m# type: ignore[call-arg]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    397\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    398\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/output_parsers/base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<lambda>\u001b[0;34m(inner_input)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    192\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minput\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mBaseMessage\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    193\u001b[0m             return self._call_with_config(\n\u001b[0;32m--> 194\u001b[0;31m                 lambda inner_input: self.parse_result(\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    195\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mChatGeneration\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmessage\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0minner_input\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    196\u001b[0m                 ),\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/langchain_core/output_parsers/json.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mparse_result\u001b[0;34m(self, result, partial)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     84\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mJSONDecodeError\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     85\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34mf\"Invalid json output: {text}\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 86\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mOutputParserException\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mllm_output\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtext\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfrom\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     87\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     88\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mparse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtext\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m->\u001b[0m \u001b[0mAny\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mOutputParserException\u001b[0m: Invalid json output: To provide you with the most accurate and up-to-date information about Greenland and its capital, I will perform a web search.\nFor troubleshooting, visit: https://python.langchain.com/docs/troubleshooting/errors/OUTPUT_PARSING_FAILURE"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "responses = chain.map().invoke(instructions)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "4F7Cqo6yMGzU",
    "outputId": "d136d315-a0c2-4c4b-db3e-1f79c1f4b634"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[AIMessage(content='```json\\n{\\n  \"name\": \"multiply\",\\n  \"arguments\": {\\n    \"a\": 2.1,\\n    \"b\": 3.5\\n  }\\n}\\n```', additional_kwargs={'refusal': None}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 38, 'prompt_tokens': 186, 'total_tokens': 224, 'completion_tokens_details': {'accepted_prediction_tokens': 0, 'audio_tokens': 0, 'reasoning_tokens': 0, 'rejected_prediction_tokens': 0}, 'prompt_tokens_details': {'audio_tokens': 0, 'cached_tokens': 0}}, 'model_name': 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'system_fingerprint': 'fp_7f6be3efb0', 'finish_reason': 'stop', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-f62dbcb1-2de4-4f8e-a420-5bd63d2f3dc4-0', usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 186, 'output_tokens': 38, 'total_tokens': 224, 'input_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'cache_read': 0}, 'output_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'reasoning': 0}}),\n",
       " AIMessage(content='```json\\n{\\n  \"name\": \"add\",\\n  \"arguments\": {\\n    \"a\": 11,\\n    \"b\": 29\\n  }\\n}\\n```', additional_kwargs={'refusal': None}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 34, 'prompt_tokens': 182, 'total_tokens': 216, 'completion_tokens_details': {'accepted_prediction_tokens': 0, 'audio_tokens': 0, 'reasoning_tokens': 0, 'rejected_prediction_tokens': 0}, 'prompt_tokens_details': {'audio_tokens': 0, 'cached_tokens': 0}}, 'model_name': 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'system_fingerprint': 'fp_7f6be3efb0', 'finish_reason': 'stop', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-254dfd90-470f-41e4-b505-f9bbe008ed56-0', usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 182, 'output_tokens': 34, 'total_tokens': 216, 'input_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'cache_read': 0}, 'output_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'reasoning': 0}}),\n",
       " AIMessage(content='```json\\n{\\n  \"name\": \"get_weather\",\\n  \"arguments\": {\\n    \"query\": \"Greenland\"\\n  }\\n}\\n```', additional_kwargs={'refusal': None}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 29, 'prompt_tokens': 182, 'total_tokens': 211, 'completion_tokens_details': {'accepted_prediction_tokens': 0, 'audio_tokens': 0, 'reasoning_tokens': 0, 'rejected_prediction_tokens': 0}, 'prompt_tokens_details': {'audio_tokens': 0, 'cached_tokens': 0}}, 'model_name': 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'system_fingerprint': 'fp_7f6be3efb0', 'finish_reason': 'stop', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-cff236dc-40ef-49e9-9f43-2a82482c6963-0', usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 182, 'output_tokens': 29, 'total_tokens': 211, 'input_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'cache_read': 0}, 'output_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'reasoning': 0}}),\n",
       " AIMessage(content='To provide you with information about Greenland and its capital, I will perform a web search.', additional_kwargs={'refusal': None}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 18, 'prompt_tokens': 182, 'total_tokens': 200, 'completion_tokens_details': {'accepted_prediction_tokens': 0, 'audio_tokens': 0, 'reasoning_tokens': 0, 'rejected_prediction_tokens': 0}, 'prompt_tokens_details': {'audio_tokens': 0, 'cached_tokens': 0}}, 'model_name': 'gpt-4o-2024-08-06', 'system_fingerprint': 'fp_7f6be3efb0', 'finish_reason': 'stop', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-90d70081-8576-4c3e-bf3f-a0f14fb1c22d-0', usage_metadata={'input_tokens': 182, 'output_tokens': 18, 'total_tokens': 200, 'input_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'cache_read': 0}, 'output_token_details': {'audio': 0, 'reasoning': 0}})]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "responses"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 1000
    },
    "id": "rLsWGvOkM5Qe",
    "outputId": "5e4ce039-7e16-4836-ade3-6dd28ae50847",
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Calling tool: multiply\n",
      "7.3500000000000005\n",
      "\n",
      "Calling tool: add\n",
      "40.0\n",
      "\n",
      "Calling tool: get_weather\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<pre style=\"white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"location\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"name\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Nuuk\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"region\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Vestgronland\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"country\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Greenland\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"lat\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">64.18</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"lon\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">-51.75</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"tz_id\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"America/Nuuk\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"localtime_epoch\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1719706601</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"localtime\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"2024-06-29 23:16\"</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>,\n",
       "  <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"current\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"last_updated_epoch\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1719706500</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"last_updated\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"2024-06-29 23:15\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"temp_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">6.4</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"temp_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">43.5</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"is_day\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"condition\"</span>: <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">{</span>\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"text\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"Partly cloudy\"</span>,\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"icon\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/116.png\"</span>,\n",
       "      <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"code\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1003</span>\n",
       "    <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_mph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">24.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_kph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">38.9</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_degree\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">180</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"wind_dir\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008000; text-decoration-color: #008000\">\"S\"</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"pressure_mb\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1007.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"pressure_in\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">29.74</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"precip_mm\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"precip_in\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">0.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"humidity\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">70</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"cloud\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">75</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"feelslike_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">4.5</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"feelslike_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">40.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"windchill_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">2.4</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"windchill_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">36.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"heatindex_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">4.6</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"heatindex_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">40.3</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"dewpoint_c\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">1.8</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"dewpoint_f\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">35.2</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"vis_km\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">10.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"vis_miles\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">6.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"uv\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">2.0</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"gust_mph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">28.6</span>,\n",
       "    <span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration-color: #000080; font-weight: bold\">\"gust_kph\"</span>: <span style=\"color: #008080; text-decoration-color: #008080; font-weight: bold\">46.1</span>\n",
       "  <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>\n",
       "<span style=\"font-weight: bold\">}</span>\n",
       "</pre>\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "\u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1;34m\"location\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"name\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Nuuk\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"region\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Vestgronland\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"country\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Greenland\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"lat\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m64.18\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"lon\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m-51.75\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"tz_id\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"America/Nuuk\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"localtime_epoch\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1719706601\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"localtime\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"2024-06-29 23:16\"\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m,\n",
       "  \u001b[1;34m\"current\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"last_updated_epoch\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1719706500\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"last_updated\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"2024-06-29 23:15\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"temp_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m6.4\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"temp_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m43.5\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"is_day\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"condition\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1m{\u001b[0m\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"text\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"Partly cloudy\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"icon\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"//cdn.weatherapi.com/weather/64x64/night/116.png\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "      \u001b[1;34m\"code\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1003\u001b[0m\n",
       "    \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_mph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m24.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_kph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m38.9\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_degree\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m180\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"wind_dir\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[32m\"S\"\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"pressure_mb\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1007.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"pressure_in\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m29.74\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"precip_mm\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"precip_in\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m0.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"humidity\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m70\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"cloud\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m75\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"feelslike_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m4.5\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"feelslike_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m40.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"windchill_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m2.4\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"windchill_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m36.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"heatindex_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m4.6\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"heatindex_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m40.3\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"dewpoint_c\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m1.8\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"dewpoint_f\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m35.2\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"vis_km\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m10.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"vis_miles\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m6.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"uv\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m2.0\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"gust_mph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m28.6\u001b[0m,\n",
       "    \u001b[1;34m\"gust_kph\"\u001b[0m: \u001b[1;36m46.1\u001b[0m\n",
       "  \u001b[1m}\u001b[0m\n",
       "\u001b[1m}\u001b[0m\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "Calling tool: search_web\n",
      "Nuuk (Greenlandic pronunciation: ⓘ; Danish: Nuuk, formerly Godthåb [ˈkʌtˌhɔˀp]) is the capital of and most populous city in Greenland, an autonomous territory in the Kingdom of Denmark.Nuuk is the seat of government and the territory's largest cultural and economic center. The major cities from other countries closest to the capital are Iqaluit and St. John's in Canada and Reykjavík ...\n",
      "Like many aspects of the economy, this slowed dramatically in 2020 and into 2021, due to restrictions required as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;[82] one source describes it as being the \"biggest economic victim of the coronavirus\" (the overall economy did not suffer too severely as of mid-2020, thanks to the fisheries \"and a hefty subsidy from Copenhagen\").[83] Greenland's goal for returning tourism is to develop it \"right\" and to \"build a more sustainable tourism for the long run\".[84]\n",
      "Geography and climate\n",
      "Greenland is the world's largest non-continental island[85] and the third largest area in North America after Canada and the United States.[86] This glacier was discovered in 2002 to be shrinking rapidly, and by 2007 had completely melted away, leaving the exposed island.[97] The island was named Place of the Year by the Oxford Atlas of the World in 2007.[98] Ben Keene, the atlas's editor, commented:\n",
      "In the last two or three decades, global warming has reduced the size of glaciers throughout the Arctic and earlier this year, news sources confirmed what climate scientists already knew: water, not rock, lay beneath this ice bridge on the east coast of Greenland. To the west and southwest are Palaeozoic carbonatite complexes at Kangerlussuaq (Gardiner complex) and Safartoq, and basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks at Uiffaq on Disko Island, where there are masses of heavy native iron up to 25 t (28 short tons) in the basalts.[109]\n",
      "The paleontology of East Greenland is specially rich, with some of the early tetrapods[110] such as the Devonian Acanthostega and Ichthyostega, and unique triassic animals such as the phytosaur Mystriosuchus alleroq[111] and the dinosaurs Issi saaneq[112] and tracks.[113]\n",
      "Biodiversity\n",
      "Greenland is home to two ecoregions: Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra and Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra.[114] Other research has shown that higher snowfalls from the North Atlantic oscillation caused the interior of the ice cap to thicken by an average of 6 cm (2.4 in) each year between 1994 and 2005.[104]\n",
      "In July 2021, Greenland banned all new oil and gas exploration in its territory, with government officials stating that the environmental \"price of oil extraction is too high\".[105]\n",
      "In August 2021, rain fell on the summit of Greenland's ice cap for the first time in recorded history, which scientists attributed to the effects of climate change.[106][107]\n",
      "Geology\n",
      " It is between latitudes 59° and 83°N, and longitudes 11° and 74°W. Greenland is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Greenland Sea to the east, the North Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, the Davis Strait to the southwest, Baffin Bay to the west, the Nares Strait and Lincoln Sea to the northwest.\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "toolkit = {\n",
    "    \"add\": add,\n",
    "    \"multiply\": multiply,\n",
    "    \"search_web\": search_web,\n",
    "    \"get_weather\": get_weather\n",
    "}\n",
    "# sometimes get_weather may not get the right results from weatherapi\n",
    "# so just run it a few times in case you get an error, later we will use a direct weather api\n",
    "for tool_call in responses:\n",
    "    selected_tool = toolkit[tool_call[\"name\"].lower()]\n",
    "    print(f\"Calling tool: {tool_call['name']}\")\n",
    "    tool_output = selected_tool.invoke(tool_call[\"arguments\"])\n",
    "    print()"
   ]
  }
 ],
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