diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 611daea..6c2254f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: opam pin add num . --no-action
 
       # Check building with make
-      - run: opam exec -- make
+      - run: opam exec -- make PROFILE=dev
       - run: opam exec -- make test
       - run: opam exec -- make clean
 
diff --git a/Makefile.common b/Makefile.common
index 5bb2c86..fe1782b 100644
--- a/Makefile.common
+++ b/Makefile.common
@@ -21,3 +21,29 @@ else
 NATIVE_COMPILER = true
 endif
 endif
+
+# PROFILE=dev or PROFILE=release
+PROFILE ?= auto
+
+# Assume we're in release mode if there's no .git directory (means that an old
+# school installation from a tarball assumes release mode, but a Git clone
+# assumes development mode)
+ifeq "$(PROFILE)" "auto"
+# This file is included from a sub-directory, hence the ../
+ifeq "$(wildcard ../.git)" ""
+PROFILE = release
+else
+PROFILE = dev
+endif
+endif
+
+ifneq "$(filter-out release dev, $(PROFILE))$(word 2, $(PROFILE))" ""
+$(error The PROFILE variable must be one of auto, dev, or release)
+endif
+
+# Only use -warn-error in dev mode
+ifeq "$(PROFILE)" "dev"
+WARN_ERROR = -warn-error +A
+else
+WARN_ERROR =
+endif
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 80cc920..ca41537 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ More documentation on the functions provided in this library can be found in _Th
 
 Prerequisites: OCaml version 4.04 or newer.
 ```
-        make all
+        make all PROFILE=release
         make test
         make install
         make clean
diff --git a/dune b/dune
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7faf7cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dune
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+(rule (with-stdout-to warnings.sexp (echo
+; Add any warnings to this string (-warn-error +A is appended for the dev
+; profile)
+  "(-w +a-4-9-41-42-44-45-48)"
+)))
+
+(rule (with-stdout-to flags.sexp (echo
+; Add any compilation flags to this string
+  "(-safe-string -strict-sequence -strict-formats)"
+)))
+
+(env
+  (dev
+    (flags (:include warnings.sexp) -warn-error +A (:include flags.sexp)))
+  (release
+    (flags (:include warnings.sexp) (:include flags.sexp))))
diff --git a/num.opam b/num.opam
index 97e4ba2..16ddbba 100644
--- a/num.opam
+++ b/num.opam
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ homepage: "https://github.com/ocaml/num/"
 bug-reports: "https://github.com/ocaml/num/issues"
 dev-repo: "git+https://github.com/ocaml/num.git"
 build: [
-  [make "opam-legacy" {!ocaml:preinstalled & ocaml:version < "5.0.0~~"}
+  [make "PROFILE=release"
+        "opam-legacy" {!ocaml:preinstalled & ocaml:version < "5.0.0~~"}
         "opam-modern" {ocaml:preinstalled | ocaml:version >= "5.0.0~~"}]
   [make "test"] {with-test}
 ]
diff --git a/src/Makefile b/src/Makefile
index c7ab8c5..13e958c 100644
--- a/src/Makefile
+++ b/src/Makefile
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ else
 BNG_ARCH=$(ARCH)
 endif
 
-CAMLCFLAGS=-w +a-4-9-41-42-44-45-48 -warn-error +A -bin-annot -g \
+CAMLCFLAGS=-w +a-4-9-41-42-44-45-48 $(WARN_ERROR) -bin-annot -g \
           -safe-string -strict-sequence -strict-formats -I +compiler-libs
 CAMLOPTFLAGS=$(CAMLCFLAGS)
 ifeq "$(FLAMBDA)" "true"
diff --git a/src/dune b/src/dune
index cde1739..fc32f07 100644
--- a/src/dune
+++ b/src/dune
@@ -15,5 +15,4 @@
    (language c)
    (names nat_stubs bng)
    (extra_deps (glob_files *.c))
-   (flags "-DBNG_ARCH_%{architecture}"))
-  (flags -w +a-4-9-41-42-44-45-48 -warn-error +A -g -safe-string -strict-sequence -strict-formats))
+   (flags "-DBNG_ARCH_%{architecture}")))
diff --git a/test/dune b/test/dune
index 8d99b4a..ffa6235 100644
--- a/test/dune
+++ b/test/dune
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 (library
   (name test_lib)
   (modules test test_nats test_big_ints test_ratios test_nums test_io end_test)
-  (libraries num))
+  (libraries num)
+  (flags ))
 
 (executable
   (name driver)
diff --git a/toplevel/Makefile b/toplevel/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b786b7..0000000
--- a/toplevel/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-include ../Makefile.common
-
-CAMLCFLAGS=-I ../src -I +compiler-libs \
-           -w +a-4-9-41-42-44-45-48 -warn-error +A \
-           -safe-string -strict-sequence -strict-formats
-
-CMOS=num_top_printers.cmo num_top.cmo
-
-all: num_top.cma META
-
-num_top.cma: $(CMOS)
-	$(OCAMLC) $(CAMLCFLAGS) -a -o $@ $(CMOS)
-
-%.cmi: %.mli
-	$(OCAMLC) $(CAMLCFLAGS) -c $*.mli
-%.cmo: %.ml
-	$(OCAMLC) $(CAMLCFLAGS) -c $*.ml
-
-TOINSTALL=\
-  num_top.cma num_top.cmi num_top_printers.cmi
-
-META: META.in
-	echo 'version = "$(VERSION)"' > $@
-	cat META.in >> $@
-
-install:
-	$(OCAMLFIND) install num-top META $(TOINSTALL)
-	rm -f META
-
-uninstall:
-	$(OCAMLFIND) remove num-top
-
-clean:
-	rm -f *.cm[ioxta] *.cmx[as] *.cmti META
-
-depend:
-	$(OCAMLDEP) -slash *.mli *.ml > .depend
-
-include .depend
diff --git a/toplevel/dune b/toplevel/dune
index 745f0f0..ec23fcc 100644
--- a/toplevel/dune
+++ b/toplevel/dune
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
   (public_name num.top)
   (libraries num compiler-libs)
   (wrapped false)
-  (modes byte)
-  (flags -w +a-4-9-41-42-44-45-48 -warn-error +A -safe-string -strict-sequence -strict-formats))
+  (modes byte))
 
 (rule
   (with-stdout-to META.shim