From 2262a40ba5a53bf264584772b8b2a3d66bbfb71f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: octaeder <102688820+octaeder@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2024 20:01:18 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Update latex2e.html --- utilities/latex2e.html | 14734 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 7864 insertions(+), 6870 deletions(-) diff --git a/utilities/latex2e.html b/utilities/latex2e.html index 9671128a79..66433b37e2 100644 --- a/utilities/latex2e.html +++ b/utilities/latex2e.html @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ - + -LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (January 2023) +LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2024) - - + + @@ -66,12 +66,11 @@ kbd.kbd {font-style: oblique} kbd.key {font-style: normal} span.r {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal} -span.w-nolinebreak-text {white-space: nowrap} span:hover a.copiable-link {visibility: visible} td.printindex-index-entry {vertical-align: top} -td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top} +td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top; padding-left: 1em} th.entries-header-printindex {text-align:left} -th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left} +th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left; padding-left: 1em} ul.mark-bullet {list-style-type: disc} ul.toc-numbered-mark {list-style: none} BODY { @@ -109,31 +108,36 @@ + + + +

This is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX. See below for the Table of Contents. If you want a tutorial then please instead visit learnlatex.org or this list.

+href="https://www.learnlatex.org/">learnlatex.org or +see this long list.

This manual has two versions. One has separate web pages for each section or subsection. It's also available as a single web page and as -a pdf. Note that -there is also a separately-maintained French edition.

+a pdf. +Translations to French and Spanish are available at +https://ctan.org/pkg/latex2e-help-texinfo; they're maintained +separately.

This document is not official. It has not been reviewed by the -LaTeX maintainers. Our goal is to cover all (non-private) LaTeX -commands. Your comments and contributions, including bug reports, are -very welcome. See our project -page for more, including license information and -information on how you can -contribute to this manual -as well as -mirror it.

- +LaTeX maintainers. Our ultimate goal is to cover all (non-private) +LaTeX commands. Your comments and contributions, including bug +reports, are very welcome. See our project page for more, +including license +information and information on how you can contribute to this +manual as well as mirror it.

@@ -144,12 +148,50 @@

Next: , Up: (dir)   [Contents][Index]

-

LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual

+

LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual

This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of -January 2023) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system. +May 2024) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.

+
+

Short Table of Contents

+ +
+ +
+

Table of Contents

@@ -162,18 +204,24 @@

Table of Contents

  • 2.1 Starting and ending
  • 2.2 Output files
  • 2.3 TeX engines
    • -
  • 2.4 LaTeX command syntax
    • -
  • 2.5 Environment
    • -
  • 2.6 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
    • +
  • 2.4 Input text +
    • +
  • 2.5 LaTeX command syntax
    • +
  • 2.6 Environment syntax
    • +
  • 2.7 \DocumentMetadata: Producing tagged PDF output
    • +
  • 2.8 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
  • 3 Document classes
  • 4 Fonts @@ -218,7 +266,7 @@

    Table of Contents

  • 6.5 \subsubsection, \paragraph, \subparagraph
  • 6.6 \appendix
  • 6.7 \frontmatter, \mainmatter, \backmatter
    • -
  • 6.8 \@startsection, typesetting sectional unit headings
    • +
  • 6.8 \@startsection: Typesetting sectional unit headings
  • 7 Cross references
  • 10 Page breaking
  • 13 Counters
  • 16.3 Math functions
  • 16.4 Math accents
    • -
  • 16.5 Over- and Underlining
    • +
  • 16.5 Over- or under math
  • 16.6 Spacing in math mode
  • 19 Spaces
  • 19.6 Backslash-space, \
    • -
  • 19.7 ~
    • +
  • 19.7 ~, \nobreakspace
  • 19.8 \thinspace & \negthinspace
  • 19.9 \/
  • 19.10 \hrulefill & \dotfill
    • @@ -474,38 +544,38 @@

    Table of Contents

  • 20.6 lrbox
  • 20.7 \usebox
    • -
  • 21 Color +
  • 21 Graphics
    • -
  • 22 Graphics -
    • +
  • 22 Color +
  • 23 Special insertions
    • -
    -

    Short Table of Contents

    - -
    - -
    -

    Next: , Previous: , Up: LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual   [Contents][Index]

    -

    1 About this document

    +

    1 About this document

    This is an unofficial reference manual for the LaTeX2e document @@ -668,27 +700,28 @@

    1 About this document

    Do not send bug reports or anything else about this document to them. Instead, please send all comments to latexrefman@tug.org. +This is a public list; you can (un)subscribe, view the archives, etc., +at https://lists.tug.org/latexrefman.

    This document is a reference, not a tutorial. There is a vast array of other information available about LaTeX, at all levels. Here are a few introductions.

    -
    https://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr
    +
    https://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr

    Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation.

    -
    https://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc
    +
    https://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc

    Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math.

    -
    https://ctan.org/pkg/lshort
    +
    https://ctan.org/pkg/lshort

    A longer introduction to LaTeX, translated to many languages.

    https://tug.org/begin.html
    -

    Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX, with further -references. +

    Overview of getting started with TeX and LaTeX.

    @@ -701,7 +734,7 @@

    1 About this document

    Next: , Previous: , Up: LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual   [Contents][Index]

    -

    2 Overview of LaTeX

    +

    2 Overview of LaTeX

    @@ -721,11 +754,12 @@

    2 Overview of LaTeX

    UTF-8 (as of 2018). The commands specify, for example, how the text should be formatted.

    -

    LaTeX is implemented as a set of related so-called “macros” which -use Donald E. Knuth’s TeX typesetting program or one of its -derivatives, collectively known as “engines”. Thus, the user -produces output, typically PDF, by giving the input file to a TeX -engine. (The following sections describe all this in more detail.) +

    LaTeX is implemented as a set of so-called “macros” (a TeX +format) which use Donald E. Knuth’s TeX typesetting +program or one of its derivatives, collectively known as +“engines”. Thus, the user produces output, typically PDF, by giving +the input file to a TeX engine. The following sections describe +all this in more detail.

    The term LaTeX is also sometimes used to mean the language in which the input document is marked up, that is, to mean the set of commands @@ -744,9 +778,11 @@

    2 Overview of LaTeX

  • Starting and ending
  • Output files
  • TeX engines
    • -
  • LaTeX command syntax
    • -
  • Environment
    • -
  • CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
    • +
  • Input text
    • +
  • LaTeX command syntax
    • +
  • Environment syntax
    • +
  • \DocumentMetadata: Producing tagged PDF output
    • +
  • CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
    • @@ -754,14 +790,14 @@

    2 Overview of LaTeX

    Next: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    -

    2.1 Starting and ending

    +

    2.1 Starting and ending

    LaTeX files have a simple global structure, with a standard beginning -and ending. This is a small example. +and ending. Here is a small example: 

    \documentclass{article}
@@ -774,21 +810,22 @@ 
    2.1 Starting and ending
    
 \end{document} line.
 
    
 
-
    Here, the ‘article’ is the document class.  It is implemented
-in a file article.cls.  You can use any document class on your
-system.  A few document classes are defined by LaTeX itself, and vast
-array of others are widely available.  See Document classes.
+
    Here, the ‘article’ is the document class.  It is
+implemented in a file article.cls.  You can use any document
+class available on your system.  A few document classes are defined by
+LaTeX itself, and a vast array of others are available.
+See Document classes.
 
    
 
 
    You can include other LaTeX commands between the
 \documentclass and the \begin{document} commands.
 This area is called the preamble.
 
    
-
    The \begin{document}, \end{document} pair defines an
 
-environment; the ‘document’ environment (and no others) is
-required in all LaTeX documents (see document).  LaTeX make
-available to you many environments that are documented here
+
    The \begin{document} … \end{document} pair
+defines an environment; the ‘document’ environment (and no
+others) is required in all LaTeX documents (see document).
+LaTeX provides many environments that are documented here
 (see Environments).  Many more are available to you from external
 packages, most importantly those available at CTAN (see CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network).
 
    
@@ -803,19 +840,19 @@ 
    2.1 Starting and ending
    
 
    
 Next: , Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]
    -

    2.2 Output files

    +

    2.2 Output files

    LaTeX produces a main output file and at least two auxiliary files. The main output file’s name ends in either .dvi or .pdf.

    -
    .dvi
    -
    +
    -

    If LaTeX is invoked with the system command latex then it +.dvi

    +

    If LaTeX is invoked with the system command latex then it produces a DeVice Independent file, with extension .dvi. You can view this file with a command such as xdvi, or convert it to a PostScript .ps file with dvips or to a @@ -825,10 +862,10 @@

    2.2 Output files

    available (https://mirror.ctan.org/dviware).

    -
    .pdf
    -
    +
    -

    If LaTeX is invoked via the system command pdflatex, +.pdf

    +

    If LaTeX is invoked via the system command pdflatex, among other commands (see TeX engines), then the main output is a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. Typically this is a self-contained file, with all fonts and images included. @@ -839,20 +876,20 @@

    2.2 Output files

    LaTeX always produces at least two additional files.

    -
    .log
    -
    +
    -

    This transcript file contains summary information such as a list of +.log

    +

    This transcript file contains summary information such as a list of loaded packages. It also includes diagnostic messages and perhaps additional information for any errors.

    -
    .aux
    -
    +
    -

    Auxiliary information is used by LaTeX for things such as +.aux

    +

    Auxiliary information is used by LaTeX for things such as cross references. For example, the first time that LaTeX finds a forward reference—a cross reference to something that has not yet appeared in the source—it will appear in the output as a doubled @@ -885,9 +922,9 @@

    2.2 Output files

    -Next: , Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    +Next: , Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    -

    2.3 TeX engines

    +

    2.3 TeX engines

    @@ -900,8 +937,8 @@

    2.3 TeX engines

    -

    LaTeX is a large set of commands that is executed by a TeX -program (see Overview of LaTeX). Such a set of commands is called a +

    LaTeX is a large set of commands (macros) that is executed by a +TeX program (see Overview of LaTeX). Such a set of commands is called a format, and is embodied in a binary .fmt file, which can be read much more quickly than the corresponding TeX source.

    @@ -909,8 +946,8 @@

    2.3 TeX engines

    commonly available (see also Command line interface).

    -
    latex
    -
    pdflatex
    +
    latex
    +
    pdflatex
    @@ -929,10 +966,11 @@

    2.3 TeX engines

    In other TeX distributions, latex may invoke e-TeX rather than pdfTeX. In any case, the e-TeX extensions can be -assumed to be available in LaTeX. +assumed to be available in LaTeX, and a few extensions beyond +e-TeX, particularly for file manipulation.

    -
    lualatex
    +
    lualatex

    If LaTeX is invoked via the system command lualatex, the LuaTeX engine is run (https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex). This @@ -943,7 +981,7 @@

    2.3 TeX engines

    There is also dvilualatex to produce a .dvi file.

    -
    xelatex
    +
    xelatex
    @@ -960,8 +998,18 @@

    2.3 TeX engines

    useful for debugging.

    -
    platex
    -
    uplatex
    +
    hilatex
    +
    + + +

    If LaTeX is invoked via the system command hilatex, the +HiTeX engine is run (https://ctan.org/pkg/hitex). This +program produces its own format, named HINT, designed especially for +high-quality typesetting on mobile devices. +

    +
    +
    platex
    +
    uplatex

    These commands provide significant additional support for Japanese and other languages; the u variant supports Unicode. See https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex and https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex. @@ -969,16 +1017,16 @@

    2.3 TeX engines

    As of 2019, there is a companion -dev command and format for -all of the above: +all of the above, except hitex:

    -
    dvilualatex-dev
    -
    latex-dev
    -
    lualatex-dev
    -
    pdflatex-dev
    -
    platex-dev
    -
    uplatex-dev
    -
    xelatex-dev
    +
    dvilualatex-dev
    +
    latex-dev
    +
    lualatex-dev
    +
    pdflatex-dev
    +
    platex-dev
    +
    uplatex-dev
    +
    xelatex-dev

    These are candidates for an upcoming LaTeX release. The main @@ -1003,14 +1051,258 @@

    2.3 TeX engines

    + +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    +Next: , Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    +
    +

    2.4 Input text

    + +

    To a first approximation, most input characters in LaTeX print as +themselves. But there are exceptions, as discussed in the following +sections. +

    + + + +
    +
    +
    +

    +Next: , Up: Input text   [Contents][Index]

    +
    +

    2.4.1 Input encodings

    + + + + + +

    The input to TeX (or any computer program) ultimately consists of a +sequence of bytes. (Nowadays, a byte is almost universally an +eight-bit number, i.e., an integer between 0 and 255, inclusive.) The +input encoding defines how to interpret that sequence of bytes, and +thus how LaTeX behaves. +

    + +

    Today, by far the most common way to encode text is with UTF-8, a +so-called “Unicode Transformation Format” which specifies how to +transform a sequence of 8-bit bytes to Unicode code points, which are +defined independent of any particular representation. The Unicode +encoding defines code points for virtually all characters used +today in written text. +

    +

    When TeX was created, Unicode and UTF-8 did not exist and the 7-bit +ASCII encoding was by far the most widely used. So TeX does not +require Unicode for text input. UTF-8 is a superset of ASCII, so a +pure 7-bit ASCII document is also UTF-8. +

    +

    Since 2018, the default input encoding for LaTeX is UTF-8. +Some methods for handling documents written in some other encoding, +such as ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1), are explained in inputenc package. +

    +

    You can easily find more about all these topics in any introductory +computer text or online. For example, you might start at: +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode. +

    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    +Next: , Previous: , Up: Input text   [Contents][Index]

    +
    +

    2.4.2 Ligatures

    + + + +

    A ligature combines two or more letters (more generally, +characters) into a single glyph. For example, in Latin-based +typography, the two letters ‘f’ and ‘i’ are often combined +into the glyph ‘fi’. +

    +

    TeX supports ligatures automatically. To continue the example, if +the input has the word ‘fine’, written as four separate ASCII +characters, TeX will output the word ‘fine’ (with the default +fonts), with three typeset glyphs. +

    +

    In traditional TeX, the available ligatures, if any, are defined by +the current font. TeX also uses the ligature mechanism to produce +a few typographical characters which were not available in any +computer encoding when TeX was invented. In all, in the original +Computer Modern fonts, the following input character sequences are +defined to lead to ligatures: +

    + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    ‘ff’
    +

    ff (ff ligature, U+FB00) +

    +
    ‘fi’
    +

    fi (fi ligature, U+FB01) +

    +
    ‘fl’
    +

    fl (fl ligature, U+FB02) +

    +
    ‘ffi’
    +

    ffi (ffi ligature, U+FB03) +

    +
    ‘ffl’
    +

    ffl (ffl ligature, U+FB04) +

    +
    ‘``’
    +

    “ (left double quotation mark, U+201C) +

    +
    ‘''’
    +

    ” (right double quotation mark, U+201D) +

    +
    ‘--’
    +

    – (en-dash, U+2013) +

    +
    ‘---’
    +

    — (em-dash, U+2014) +

    +
    ‘!`’
    +

    !‘ (inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1) +

    +
    ‘?`’
    +

    ?‘ (inverted question mark, U+00BF) +

    +
    + +

    (For the f-ligatures above, the text in parentheses shows the +individual characters, so in the typeset output you can easily see the +difference between the ligature and the original character sequence.) +

    +

    Nowadays it’s usually possible to directly input the punctuation +characters as Unicode characters, and LaTeX supports that (see +previous section). But even today, it can still often be useful to +use the ASCII ligature input form; for example, the difference between +an en-dash and em-dash, as a single glyph, can be all but impossible +to discern, but the difference between two and three ASCII hyphen +characters is clear. Similarly with quotation marks, in some fonts. +

    +

    Thus, even the engines with native support for UTF-8, namely LuaTeX +and XeTeX, also support the ASCII ligature input sequences by +default, independent of the font used. They also need to do so for +compatibility. +

    + +

    By the way, the f-ligatures are also available in Unicode (the +“Alphabetic Presentation Forms” block starting at U+FB00), but it’s +almost never desirable to use them as input characters, since in +principle it should be up to the typesetter and the current font +whether to use ligatures. Also, in practice, using them will +typically cause searches to fail, that is, a search for the two +characters ‘fi’ will not be matched by the ligature ‘fi’ at +U+FB01. +

    + +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    +Previous: , Up: Input text   [Contents][Index]

    +
    +

    2.4.3 Special characters: \ { } % $ & _ ^ # ~

    + + + + + +

    Besides ligatures (see previous section), a few individual characters +have special meaning to LaTeX. They are called reserved +characters or special characters. Here they are: +

    +
    +
    +‘\’
    +

    Introduces a command name, as seen throughout this manual. +

    +
    +
    + + + + +‘{’
    +
    ‘}’
    +

    Delimits a required argument to a command or a level of grouping, as +seen throughout this manual. +

    +
    +
    +‘%’
    +

    Starts a comment: the ‘%’ and all remaining characters on the +current line are ignored. +

    +
    +
    +‘$’
    +

    Starts and ends math mode (see Math formulas). +

    +
    +
    +‘&’
    +

    Separates cells in a table (see tabular). +

    +
    +
    + + + +‘_’
    +
    ‘^’
    +

    Introduce a subscript or superscript, respectively, in math +(see Subscripts & superscripts); they produce an error outside +math mode. As a little-used special feature, two superscript +characters in a row can introduce special notation for an arbitrary +character. +

    +
    +
    + + +‘#’
    +

    Stands for arguments in a macro definition (see \newcommand & \renewcommand). +

    +
    +
    +‘~’
    +

    Produces a nonbreakable interword space (see ~, \nobreakspace). +

    +
    +
    + +

    See Printing special characters, for how to typeset these +characters when you need them literally. +

    +
    +

    -Next: , Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    +Next: , Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    -

    2.4 LaTeX command syntax

    +

    2.5 LaTeX command syntax

    @@ -1020,17 +1312,18 @@

    2.4 LaTeX command syntax

    character, \. The name itself then consists of either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter.

    -

    LaTeX commands names are case sensitive so that \pagebreak -differs from \Pagebreak (the latter is not a standard command). -Most command names are lowercase, but in any event you must enter all -commands in the same case as they are defined. +

    LaTeX commands names are case sensitive; for example, +\pagebreak differs from \Pagebreak (the latter is not a +standard command). Most command names are lowercase, but in any event +you must enter all commands in the same case as they are defined.

    A command may be followed by zero, one, or more arguments. These arguments may be either required or optional. Required arguments are contained in curly braces, {...}. Optional arguments are contained in square brackets, [...]. Generally, but not universally, if the command accepts an optional argument, it comes -first, before any required arguments. +first, before any required arguments; optional arguments could come +after required arguments, or both before and after.

    Inside of an optional argument, to use the character close square bracket (]) hide it inside curly braces, as @@ -1039,10 +1332,10 @@

    2.4 LaTeX command syntax

    the first character of the following text be an open square bracket, hide it inside curly braces.

    -

    LaTeX has the convention that some commands have a * form that -is related to the form without a *, such as \chapter and -\chapter*. The exact difference in behavior varies from command -to command. +

    LaTeX has the convention that some commands have a * form +that is closely related to the form without a *, such as +\chapter and \chapter*. The difference in behavior +varies from command to command.

    This manual describes all accepted options and *-forms for the commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a. bugs). @@ -1057,17 +1350,18 @@

    2.4 LaTeX command syntax

    As of the 2020-10-01 release of LaTeX, the expl3 and xparse packages are part of the LaTeX2e format. They provide a completely different underlying programming language -syntax. We won’t try to cover them in this document; see the related +syntax. We won’t try to cover that in this document; see the related package documentation and other LaTeX manuals.

    +
    -
    +

    -Next: , Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    +Next: , Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    -

    2.5 Environment

    +

    2.6 Environment syntax

    Synopsis:

    @@ -1104,19 +1398,67 @@

    2.5 Environment

    \begin{tabular}[t]{r|l}
-  ... rows of table ...
+  ... rows-of-table ...
 \end{tabular}
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    +Next: , Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    +
    +

    2.7 \DocumentMetadata: Producing tagged PDF output

    + + + + + + + +

    The \DocumentMetadata command was added to LaTeX in 2022. +It enables so-called “tagging” of the PDF output, aiding +accessibility of the PDF. It is supported best with LuaLaTeX; +pdfLaTeX and XeLaTeX are supported as well as possible +(see TeX engines). +

    +

    It is unlike nearly any other command in LaTeX in that it must +occur before the \documentclass command that starts a LaTeX +document proper (see \documentclass). Therefore it must be +called with \RequirePackage rather than \usepackage +(see \RequirePackage). +

    + + + + +

    This support is still in development, so we will not try to list all +the possible settings. Please see the +documentmetadata-support-doc document, part of the +latex-lab package (https://ctan.org/pkg/latex-lab). Here +is a simple example which enables most tagging currently implemented: +

    +
    +
    \DocumentMetadata{testphase={phase-III,firstaid}}
+\documentclass{article}
+...
+
    + +

    As you can see from the key name testphase, this is all still +in an experimental phase. The LaTeX developers strongly encourage +users to give it a try and report problems, so it can be improved. +

    +

    -Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    +Previous: , Up: Overview of LaTeX   [Contents][Index]

    -

    2.6 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network

    +

    2.8 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network

    @@ -1131,7 +1473,7 @@

    2.6 CTA a package that allows authors to format papers to that publisher’s specifications.

    -

    In addition to the massive holdings, the ctan.org web site +

    In addition to its massive holdings, the ctan.org web site offers features such as search by name or by functionality.

    @@ -1157,14 +1499,15 @@

    2.6 CTA

    Next: , Previous: , Up: LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual   [Contents][Index]

    -

    3 Document classes

    +

    3 Document classes

    - + -

    The document’s overall class is defined with this command, which is -normally the first command in a LaTeX source file. +

    The document’s overall class is defined with the \documentclass +command, which is normally the first command in a LaTeX source +file. 

    \documentclass[options]{class}
@@ -1176,8 +1519,8 @@ 
    3 Document classes
    
 
 
 
    The following document class names are built into LaTeX.
-(Many other document classes are available as separate packages;
-see Overview of LaTeX.)
+Many other document classes are available as separate packages
+(see Overview of LaTeX).
 
    
 
    
 
    article
    
@@ -1202,7 +1545,7 @@ 
    3 Document classes
    slides

    For slide presentations—rarely used nowadays. The -beamer package is perhaps the most prevalent +beamer package is perhaps the most prevalent replacement (https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer). See beamer template, for a small template for a beamer document.

    @@ -1215,16 +1558,16 @@

    3 Document classes

    -Next: , Up: Document classes   [Contents][Index]

    +Next: , Up: Document classes   [Contents][Index]

    -

    3.1 Document class options

    +

    3.1 Document class options

    @@ -1239,13 +1582,17 @@

    3.1 Document class options

    \documentclass[option1,option2,...]{class}
    +

    LaTeX automatically passes options specified for +\documentclass on to any other loaded classes that can handle +them. +

    Here is the list of the standard class options.

    All of the standard classes except slides accept the following -options for selecting the typeface size (default is 10pt): +options for selecting the typeface size; the default is 10pt: 

    10pt  11pt  12pt
@@ -1258,7 +1605,7 @@ 
    3.1 Document class options
    
 
 
    All of the standard classes accept these options for selecting the paper
-size (these show height by width):
+size (dimensions are listed height by width):
 
    
 
    
 
    a4paper
    
@@ -1293,14 +1640,12 @@ 
    3.1 Document class options
    When using one of the engines pdfLaTeX, LuaLaTeX, or XeLaTeX
 (see TeX engines), options other than letterpaper set
-the print area but you must also set the physical paper size.  One way
-to do that is to put \pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth and
-\pdfpageheight=\paperheight in your document’s preamble.
-
-
-
    
-
    The geometry package provides flexible ways of setting the print
-area and physical page size.
+the print area but you must also set the physical paper size. Usually,
+the geometry package is the best way to do that; it
+provides flexible ways of setting the print area and physical page size.
+Otherwise, setting the paper size is engine-dependent.  For example,
+with pdfLaTeX, you could include \pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth and
+\pdfpageheight=\paperheight in the preamble.
 
    
 
 
@@ -1313,34 +1658,34 @@ 
    3.1 Document class options
    Miscellaneous other options:
 
    
 
    
-
    draft
    
+
    draft
    
 
    final
    
 
    Mark (draft) or do not mark (final) overfull boxes with a
 black box in the margin; default is final.
 
    
 
    
-
    fleqn
    
-
    
+
    
 
-
    Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
+fleqn
    
+
    Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
 
    
 
    
-
    landscape
    
-
    
-
    Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
+
    
+landscape
    
+
    Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
 
    
 
    
-
    leqno
    
-
    
+
    
 
-
    Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side.
+leqno
    
+
    Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side.
 
    
 
    
-
    openbib
    
+
    openbib
    
 
    Use “open” bibliography format.
 
    
 
    
-
    titlepage
    
+
    titlepage
    
 
    notitlepage
    
 
    Specifies whether there is a separate page for the title information and
 for the abstract also, if there is one.  The default for the
@@ -1363,10 +1708,10 @@ 
    3.1 Document class options
    Typeset in one or two columns; default is onecolumn.
 
    
 
    
-
    oneside
    
+
    
+oneside
    
 
    twoside
    
-
    
-
    Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is oneside, except
+
    Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is oneside, except
 that in the book class the default is twoside.
 
    
 
    For one-sided printing, the text is centered on the page.  For two-sided
@@ -1391,43 +1736,54 @@ 
    3.1 Document class options
    -
    +

    -Next: , Previous: , Up: Document classes   [Contents][Index]

    +Next: , Previous: , Up: Document classes   [Contents][Index]

    -

    3.2 Additional packages

    +

    3.2 \usepackage: Additional packages

    - + -

    Load a package pkg, with the package options given in the comma-separated -list options, as here. +

    To load a package pkg, with the package options given in the +comma-separated list options:

    -
    \usepackage[options]{pkg}.
+
    \usepackage[options]{pkg}[mindate]

    To specify more than one package you can separate them with a comma, as in \usepackage{pkg1,pkg2,...}, or use multiple \usepackage commands.

    +

    If the mindate optional argument is given, LaTeX gives a +warning if the loaded package has an earlier date, i.e., is too old. +The mindate argument must be in the form YYYY/MM/DD. +More info on this: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/47743. +

    +

    \usepackage must be used in the document preamble, between the +\documentclass declaration and the \begin{document}. +Occasionally it is necessary to load packages before the +\documentclass; see \RequirePackage for that +(see \RequirePackage). +

    -

    Any options given in the \documentclass command that are unknown -to the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with -\usepackage. +

    Any options given in the global \documentclass command that are +unknown to the selected document class are passed on to the packages +loaded with \usepackage.

    -
    +

    -Previous: , Up: Document classes   [Contents][Index]

    +Previous: , Up: Document classes   [Contents][Index]

    -

    3.3 Class and package construction

    +

    3.3 Class and package creation

    @@ -1439,38 +1795,39 @@

    3.3 Class and package smcmemo.cls and begin your documents with \documentclass{smcmemo}.

    -

    What separates a package from a document class is that the commands in a -package are useful across classes while those in a document class are -specific to that class. Thus, a command to set page headers is for a -package while a command to make the page headers say Memo from the -SMC Math Department is for a class. -

    -

    Inside of a class or package file you can use the at-sign @ as a -character in command names without having to surround the code -containing that command with \makeatletter and -\makeatother. See \makeatletter & \makeatother. This allow -you to create commands that users will not accidentally redefine. -Another technique is to preface class- or package-specific commands with -some string to prevent your class or package from interfering with -others. For instance, the class smcmemo might have commands +

    What separates a package from a document class is that the commands in +a package are useful across classes while those in a document class +are specific to that class. Thus, a command to set page headers is +for a package while a command to make the page headers be +Memo from the SMC Math Department is for a class. +

    +

    Inside of a class or package definition you can use the at-sign +@ as a character in command names without having to surround +the code containing that command with \makeatletter and +\makeatother (see \makeatletter & \makeatother). This +allows you to create commands that users will not accidentally +redefine. +

    +

    It is also highly desirable to prefix class- or package-specific +commands with your package name or similar string, to prevent your +definitions from clashing with those from other packages. For +instance, the class smcmemo might have commands \smc@tolist, \smc@fromlist, etc.

    -

    -Next: , Up: Class and package construction   [Contents][Index]

    +Up: Class and package creation   [Contents][Index]

    -

    3.3.1 Class and package structure

    +

    3.3.1 Class and package structure

    @@ -1481,7 +1838,8 @@

    3.3.1 Class and packag

    A class file or package file typically has four parts. -

      +

      +
      1. In the identification part, the file says that it is a LaTeX package or class and describes itself, using the \NeedsTeXFormat and \ProvidesClass or \ProvidesPackage commands. @@ -1507,6 +1865,7 @@

        3.3.1 Class and packag fonts, and loading other files.

      +

      Here is a starting class file, which should be saved as stub.cls where LaTeX can find it, for example in the same directory as the .tex file. @@ -1518,482 +1877,69 @@

      3.3.1 Class and packag \ProcessOptions\relax \LoadClass{article}

    -

    It identifies itself, handles the class options via the default of passing them all to the article class, and then loads the article class to provide the basis for this class’s code.

    + + +

    For more, see the official guide for class and package writers, the -Class Guide, at -https://www.latex-project.org/help/documentation/clsguide.pdf (much -of the descriptions here derive from this document), or the tutorial -https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb26-3/tb84heff.pdf. +Class Guide, at https://ctan.org/pkg/clsguide (much of the +description here derives from this document), or the tutorial at +https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb26-3/tb84heff.pdf. +

    +

    See Class and package commands, for some of the commands +specifically intended for class and package writers.

    -
    +
    +
    +

    -Previous: , Up: Class and package construction   [Contents][Index]

    +Next: , Previous: , Up: LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual   [Contents][Index]

    -

    3.3.2 Class and package commands

    - - +

    4 Fonts

    + + + -

    These are the commands designed to help writers of classes or packages. +

    LaTeX comes with powerful font capacities. For one thing, its New +Font Selection Scheme allows you to work easily with the font families +in your document (for instance, see Font styles). And, +LaTeX documents can use most fonts that are available today, +including versions of Times Roman, Helvetica, Courier, etc. (Note, +though, that many fonts do not have support for mathematics.)

    -
    -
    \AtBeginDvi{specials}
    -

    Save in a box register things that are written to the .dvi file -at the beginning of the shipout of the first page of the document. +

    The first typeface in the TeX world was the Computer Modern family, +developed by Donald Knuth. It is the default for LaTeX documents and +is still the most widely used. But changing to another font often only +involves a few commands. For instance, putting the following in your +preamble gives you a Palatino-like font, which is handsome and more +readable online than many other fonts, while still allowing you to +typeset mathematics. (This example is from Michael Sharpe, +https://math.ucsd.edu/~msharpe/RcntFnts.pdf.)

    -
    -
    \AtEndOfClass{code}
    -
    \AtEndOfPackage{code}
    -
    -

    Hook to insert code to be executed when LaTeX finishes -processing the current class or package. You can use these hooks -multiple times; the code will be executed in the order that you -called it. See also \AtBeginDocument. +

    +
    \usepackage[osf]{newpxtext} % osf for text, not math
+\usepackage{cabin} % sans serif
+\usepackage[varqu,varl]{inconsolata} % sans serif typewriter
+\usepackage[bigdelims,vvarbb]{newpxmath} % bb from STIX
+\usepackage[cal=boondoxo]{mathalfa} % mathcal
+
    + +

    In addition, the xelatex or lualatex engines allow +you to use any fonts on your system that are in OpenType or TrueType +format (see TeX engines).

    -
    -
    \CheckCommand{cmd}[num][default]{definition}
    -
    \CheckCommand*{cmd}[num][default]{definition}
    -
    - -

    Like \newcommand (see \newcommand & \renewcommand) but does -not define cmd; instead it checks that the current definition of -cmd is exactly as given by definition and is or is not - -long as expected. A long command is a command that accepts -\par within an argument. The cmd command is expected to be -long with the unstarred version of \CheckCommand. Raises an -error when the check fails. This allows you to check before you start -redefining cmd yourself that no other package has already -redefined this command. -

    -
    -
    \ClassError{class name}{error text}{help text}
    -
    \ClassWarning{class name}{warning text}
    -
    \ClassWarningNoLine{class name}{warning text}
    -
    \ClassInfo{class name}{info text}
    -
    \ClassInfoNoLine{class name}{info text}
    -
    \PackageError{package name}{error text}{help text}
    -
    \PackageWarning{package name}{warning text}
    -
    \PackageWarningNoLine{package name}{warning text}
    -
    \PackageInfo{package name}{info text}
    -
    \PackageInfoNoLine{package name}{info text}
    -
    - - - - - - - - -

    Produce an error message, or warning or informational messages. -

    -

    For \ClassError and \PackageError the message is -error text, followed by TeX’s ? error prompt. If the -user then asks for help by typing h, they see the help -text. -

    -

    The four warning commands are similar except that they write -warning text on the screen with no error prompt. The four info -commands write info text only in the transcript file. The -NoLine versions do not show the number of the line generating the -message, while the other versions do show that number. -

    -

    To format the messages, including the help text: use -\protect to stop a command from expanding, get a line break with -\MessageBreak, and get a space with \space when a space -character does not allow it, like after a command. Note that LaTeX -appends a period to the messages. -

    -
    -
    \CurrentOption
    -

    Expands to the name of the currently-being-processed option. Can only -be used within the code argument of either \DeclareOption -or \DeclareOption*. -

    -
    -
    \DeclareOption{option}{code}
    -
    \DeclareOption*{code}
    -
    - - - - -

    Make an option available to a user to invoke in their -\documentclass command. For example, the smcmemo class -could have an option \documentclass[logo]{smcmemo} allowing -users to put the institutional logo on the first page. The class file -must contain \DeclareOption{logo}{code} (and later, -\ProcessOptions). -

    -

    If you request an option that has not been declared, by default this -will produce a warning like Unused global option(s): -[badoption]. Change this behavior with the starred version -\DeclareOption*{code}. For example, many classes -extend an existing class, using a command such as -\LoadClass{article}, and for passing extra options to the -underlying class use code such as this. -

    -
    -
    \DeclareOption*{%
-\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}%
-}
-
    - -

    Another example is that the class smcmemo may allow users to keep -lists of memo recipients in external files. Then the user could invoke -\documentclass[math]{smcmemo} and it will read the file -math.memo. This code handles the file if it exists and otherwise -passes the option to the article class. -

    -
    -
    \DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{\CurrentOption.memo}{}{%
-    \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}}
-
    - -
    -
    \DeclareRobustCommand{cmd}[num][default]{definition}
    -
    * \DeclareRobustCommand*{cmd}[num][default]{definition}
    -
    - -

    Like \newcommand and \newcommand* (see \newcommand & \renewcommand) but these declare a robust command, even if some code -within the definition is fragile. (For a discussion of robust and -fragile commands see \protect.) Use this command to define new -robust commands or to redefine existing commands and make them -robust. Unlike \newcommand these do not give an error if macro -cmd already exists; instead, a log message is put into the -transcript file if a command is redefined. -

    -

    Commands defined this way are a bit less efficient than those defined -using \newcommand so unless the command’s data is fragile and the -command is used within a moving argument, use \newcommand. -

    - - -

    The etoolbox package offers the commands -\newrobustcmd, \newrobustcmd*, as well as the commands -\renewrobustcmd, \renewrobustcmd*, and the commands -\providerobustcmd, and \providerobustcmd*. These are -similar to \newcommand, \newcommand*, -\renewcommand, \renewcommand*, \providecommand, and -\providecommand*, but define a robust cmd with two -advantages as compared to \DeclareRobustCommand: -

      -
    1. They use the low-level e-TeX protection mechanism rather than the -higher level LaTeX \protect mechanism, so they do not incur -the slight loss of performance mentioned above, and -
    2. They make the same distinction between \new…, -\renew…, and \provide…, as the standard -commands, so they do not just make a log message when you redefine -cmd that already exists, in that case you need to use either -\renew… or \provide… or you get an error. -
    - -
    -
    \IfFileExists{filename}{true code}{false code}
    -
    \InputIfFileExists{filename}{true code}{false code}
    -
    -

    Execute true code if LaTeX finds the file file -name or false code otherwise. In the first case it executing -true code and then inputs the file. Thus the command -

    -
    -
    \IfFileExists{img.pdf}{%
-  \includegraphics{img.pdf}}{\typeout{!! img.pdf not found}
-
    - -

    will include the graphic img.pdf if it is found and otherwise -give a warning. -

    -

    This command looks for the file in all search paths that LaTeX uses, -not only in the current directory. To look only in the current -directory do something like \IfFileExists{./filename}{true -code}{false code}. If you ask for a filename without a -.tex extension then LaTeX will first look for the file by -appending the .tex; for more on how LaTeX handles file -extensions see \input. -

    -
    -
    \LoadClass[options list]{class name}[release date]
    -
    \LoadClassWithOptions{class name}[release date]
    -
    -

    Load a class, as with \documentclass[options -list]{class name}[release info]. An example is -\LoadClass[twoside]{article}. -

    -

    The options list, if present, is a comma-separated list. The -release date is optional. If present it must have the form -YYYY/MM/DD. -

    -

    If you request a release date and the date of the package -installed on your system is earlier, then you get a warning on the -screen and in the log like this. -

    -
    -
    You have requested, on input line 4, version `2038/01/19' of
-document class article, but only version `2014/09/29 v1.4h
-Standard LaTeX document class' is available.
-
    - -

    The command version \LoadClassWithOptions uses the list of -options for the current class. This means it ignores any options passed -to it via \PassOptionsToClass. This is a convenience command -that lets you build classes on existing ones, such as the standard -article class, without having to track which options were passed. -

    -
    -
    \ExecuteOptions{options-list}
    -

    For each option option in the options-list, in order, this command -executes the command \ds@option. If this command is not -defined then that option is silently ignored. -

    -

    It can be used to provide a default option list before -\ProcessOptions. For example, if in a class file you want the -default to be 11pt fonts then you could specify -\ExecuteOptions{11pt}\ProcessOptions\relax. -

    -
    -
    \NeedsTeXFormat{format}[format date]
    -

    Specifies the format that this class must be run under. Often issued -as the first line of a class file, and most often used as: -\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}. When a document using that class is -processed, the format name given here must match the format that is -actually being run (including that the format string is case -sensitive). If it does not match then execution stops with an error -like ‘This file needs format `LaTeX2e' but this is `xxx'.’ -

    -

    To specify a version of the format that you know to have certain -features, include the optional format date on which those features -were implemented. If present it must be in the form YYYY/MM/DD. -If the format version installed on your system is earlier than -format date then you get a warning like this. -

    -
    -
    You have requested release `2038/01/20' of LaTeX, but only
-release `2016/02/01' is available.
-
    - -
    -
    \OptionNotUsed
    -

    Adds the current option to the list of unused options. Can only be used -within the code argument of either \DeclareOption or -\DeclareOption*. -

    - -
    -
    \PassOptionsToClass{option list}{class name}
    -
    \PassOptionsToPackage{option list}{package name}
    -
    -

    Adds the options in the comma-separated list option list to the -options used by any future \RequirePackage or \usepackage -command for package package name or the class class name. -

    -

    The reason for these commands is: you may load a package any number of -times with no options but if you want options then you may only supply -them when you first load the package. Loading a package with options -more than once will get you an error like Option clash for package -foo. (LaTeX throws an error even if there is no conflict between the -options.) -

    -

    If your own code is bringing in a package twice then you can collapse -that to once, for example replacing the two -\RequirePackage[landscape]{geometry} and -\RequirePackage[margins=1in]{geometry} with the single command -\RequirePackage[landscape,margins=1in]{geometry}. -

    -

    However, imagine that you are loading firstpkg and inside that -package it loads secondpkg, and you need the second package to be -loaded with option draft. Then before doing the first package -you must queue up the options for the second package, like this. -

    -
    -
    \PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{secondpkg}
-\RequirePackage{firstpkg}
-
    - -

    (If firstpkg.sty loads an option in conflict with what you want -then you may have to alter its source.) -

    -

    These commands are useful for general users as well as class and package -writers. For instance, suppose a user wants to load the graphicx -package with the option draft and also wants to use a class -foo that loads the graphicx package, but without that -option. The user could start their LaTeX file with -\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx}\documentclass{foo}. -

    -
    -
    \ProcessOptions
    -
    \ProcessOptions*\@options
    -
    -

    Execute the code for each option that the user has invoked. Include it -in the class file as \ProcessOptions\relax (because of the -existence of the starred command). -

    -

    Options come in two types. Local options have been specified for this -particular package in the options argument of -\PassOptionsToPackage{options}, -\usepackage[options], or -\RequirePackage[options]. Global options are those given -by the class user in \documentclass[options] (If an option -is specified both locally and globally then it is local.) -

    -

    When \ProcessOptions is called for a package pkg.sty, the -following happens: -

      -
    1. For each option option so far declared -with \DeclareOption, it looks to see if that option is either a -global or a local option for pkg. If so then it executes the -declared code. This is done in the order in which these options were -given in pkg.sty. -
    2. For each remaining local option, it executes the command -\ds@option if it has been defined somewhere (other than by -a \DeclareOption); otherwise, it executes the default option code -given in \DeclareOption*. If no default option code has been -declared then it gives an error message. This is done in the order in -which these options were specified. -
    - -

    When \ProcessOptions is called for a class it works in the same -way except that all options are local, and the default code for -\DeclareOption* is \OptionNotUsed rather than an error. -

    -

    The starred version \ProcessOptions* executes the -options in the order specified in the calling commands, rather than in -the order of declaration in the class or package. For a package this -means that the global options are processed first. -

    -
    -
    \ProvidesClass{class name}[release date brief additional information]
    -
    \ProvidesClass{class name}[release date]
    -
    \ProvidesPackage{package name}[release date brief additional information]
    -
    \ProvidesPackage{package name}[release date]
    -
    -

    Identifies the class or package, printing a message to the screen and -the log file. -

    -

    When you load a class or package, for example with -\documentclass{smcmemo} or \usepackage{test}, LaTeX -inputs a file. If the name of the file does not match the class or -package name declared in it then you get a warning. Thus, if you invoke -\documentclass{smcmemo}, and the file smcmemo.cls has -the statement \ProvidesClass{xxx} then you get a warning like -You have requested document class `smcmemo', but the document -class provides 'xxx'. This warning does not prevent LaTeX from -processing the rest of the class file normally. -

    -

    If you include the optional argument then you must include a date, -before any spaces, of the form YYYY/MM/DD. The rest of the -optional argument is free-form, although it traditionally identifies the -class, and is written to the screen during compilation and to the log -file. Thus, if your file smcmemo.cls contains the line -\ProvidesClass{smcmemo}[2008/06/01 v1.0 SMC memo class] and -your document’s first line is \documentclass{smcmemo} then you -will see Document Class: smcmemo 2008/06/01 v1.0 SMC memo class. -

    -

    The date in the optional argument allows class and package users to ask -to be warned if the version of the class or package is earlier than -release date. For instance, a user could enter -\documentclass{smcmemo}[2018/10/12] or -\usepackage{foo}[[2017/07/07]] to require a class or package -with certain features by specifying that it must be released no earlier -than the given date. (Although, in practice package users only rarely -include a date, and class users almost never do.) -

    -
    -
    \ProvidesFile{filename}[additional information]
    -

    Declare a file other than the main class and package files, such as -configuration files or font definition files. Put this command in that -file and you get in the log a string like File: test.config -2017/10/12 config file for test.cls for filename equal to -‘test.config’ and additional information equal to -‘2017/10/12 config file for test.cls’. -

    -
    -
    \RequirePackage[option list]{package name}[release date]
    -
    \RequirePackageWithOptions{package name}[release date]
    -
    -

    Load a package, like the command \usepackage (see Additional packages). The LaTeX development team strongly recommends use of -these commands over Plain TeX’s \input; see the Class -Guide. An example is -\RequirePackage[landscape,margin=1in]{geometry}. -

    -

    The option list, if present, is a comma-separated list. The -release date, if present, must have the form YYYY/MM/DD. If -the release date of the package as installed on your system is earlier -than release date then you get a warning like You have -requested, on input line 9, version `2017/07/03' of package jhtest, but -only version `2000/01/01' is available. -

    -

    The \RequirePackageWithOptions version uses the list of options -for the current class. This means it ignores any options passed to it -via \PassOptionsToClass. This is a convenience command to allow -easily building classes on existing ones without having to track which -options were passed. -

    -

    The difference between \usepackage and \RequirePackage is -small. The \usepackage command is intended for the document file -while \RequirePackage is intended for package and class files. -Thus, using \usepackage before the \documentclass command -causes LaTeX to give error like \usepackage before -\documentclass, but you can use \RequirePackage there. -

    -
    - - -
    -
    -
    - -
    -
    -

    -Next: , Previous: , Up: LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual   [Contents][Index]

    -
    -

    4 Fonts

    - - - - -

    LaTeX comes with powerful font capacities. For one thing, its New -Font Selection Scheme allows you to work easily with the font families -in your document (for instance, see Font styles). And, -LaTeX documents can use most fonts that are available today, -including versions of Times Roman, Helvetica, Courier, etc. (Note, -though, that many fonts do not have support for mathematics.) -

    -

    The first typeface in the TeX world was the Computer Modern family, -developed by Donald Knuth. It is the default for LaTeX documents and -is still the most widely used. But changing to another font often only -involves a few commands. For instance, putting the following in your -preamble gives you a Palatino-like font, which is handsome and more -readable online than many other fonts, while still allowing you to -typeset mathematics. (This example is from Michael Sharpe, -https://math.ucsd.edu/~msharpe/RcntFnts.pdf.) -

    -
    -
    \usepackage[osf]{newpxtext} % osf for text, not math
-\usepackage{cabin} % sans serif
-\usepackage[varqu,varl]{inconsolata} % sans serif typewriter
-\usepackage[bigdelims,vvarbb]{newpxmath} % bb from STIX
-\usepackage[cal=boondoxo]{mathalfa} % mathcal
-
    - -

    In addition, the xelatex or lualatex engines allow -you to use any fonts on your system that are in OpenType or TrueType -format (see TeX engines). -

    -

    The LaTeX Font Catalogue (https://tug.org/FontCatalogue) shows -font sample graphics and copy-and-pasteable source to use many fonts, -including many with support for mathematics. It aims to cover all Latin -alphabet free fonts available for easy use with LaTeX. +

    The LaTeX Font Catalogue (https://tug.org/FontCatalogue) shows +font sample graphics and copy-and-pasteable source to use many fonts, +including many with support for mathematics. It aims to cover all Latin +alphabet free fonts available for easy use with LaTeX.

    More information is also available from the TeX Users Group, at https://www.tug.org/fonts/. @@ -2012,7 +1958,7 @@

    4 Fonts

    Next: , Up: Fonts   [Contents][Index]

    -

    4.1 fontenc package

    +

    4.1 fontenc package

    @@ -2061,6 +2007,7 @@

    4.1 fontenc

    + @@ -2075,24 +2022,26 @@

    4.1 fontenc font_encodingenc.def. It also sets \encodingdefault to be the last encoding in the option list.

    -

    These are the common values for font_encoding. +

    These are the common values for font_encoding:

    -
    OT1
    -

    The original encoding for TeX. Limited to mostly English characters. +

    OT1
    +

    The original 7-bit encoding for TeX. Limited to mostly English characters.

    OMS, OML

    Math symbols and math letters encoding.

    -
    T1
    -

    TeX text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the Users -Group meeting where it was developed. Gives access to most European -accented characters. The most common option for this package. +

    +T1
    +

    TeX text extended. Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the +users group meeting where it was developed (1990). Gives access to +most European accented characters. The most common option for this +package.

    -
    TS1
    +
    TS1

    Text Companion encoding.

    @@ -2108,13 +2057,13 @@

    4.1 fontenc fonts before loading fontenc, to prevent the system from loading any T1 encoded fonts from the default.

    -

    The LaTeX team reserve encoding names starting with: ‘T’ for the -standard text encodings with 256 characters, ‘TS’ for symbols that -extend the corresponding T encodings, ‘X’ for test encodings, -‘M’ for standard math encodings with 256 characters, ‘A’ for -special applications, ‘OT’ for standard text encodings with 128 -characters, and ‘OM’ for standard math encodings with 128 -characters (‘O’ stands for ‘obsolete’). +

    The LaTeX team reserves encoding names starting with: ‘T’ for +the standard text encodings with 256 characters, ‘TS’ for symbols +that extend the corresponding T encodings, ‘X’ for test +encodings, ‘M’ for standard math encodings with 256 characters, +‘A’ for special applications, ‘OT’ for standard text +encodings with 128 characters, and ‘OM’ for standard math +encodings with 128 characters (‘O’ stands for ‘obsolete’).

    This package provides a number of commands, detailed below. Many of them are encoding-specific, so if you have defined a command that works @@ -2142,7 +2091,7 @@

    4.1 fontenc

    Next: , Up: fontenc package   [Contents][Index]

    -

    4.1.1 \DeclareFontEncoding

    +

    4.1.1 \DeclareFontEncoding

    @@ -2194,7 +2143,7 @@

    4.1.1