From bb03acec73b1e20609d31c6ee50853fb49ac1dc1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Sundermeyer <sunderme@gmx.de>
Date: Sun, 4 Aug 2024 15:02:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] update translation

---
 translation/texstudio_tr_TR.qm | Bin 323595 -> 324096 bytes
 translation/texstudio_tr_TR.ts |  10 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/translation/texstudio_tr_TR.qm b/translation/texstudio_tr_TR.qm
index b7b5fb745c369603ae52c5f3a1c592cf220f6f35..520186c5b621dd1bfc39fc9069d16e480ac92b49 100644
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diff --git a/translation/texstudio_tr_TR.ts b/translation/texstudio_tr_TR.ts
index 0e190e273..d0ba5e7f0 100644
--- a/translation/texstudio_tr_TR.ts
+++ b/translation/texstudio_tr_TR.ts
@@ -2529,7 +2529,7 @@ buradan etkinleştirerek kullanılmaya zorlayabilirsiniz.</translation>
     <message>
         <location filename="../src/configdialog.ui" line="3687"/>
         <source>API URL:</source>
-        <translation type="unfinished"/>
+        <translation>API adresi:</translation>
     </message>
     <message>
         <location filename="../src/configdialog.ui" line="3694"/>
@@ -7279,12 +7279,12 @@ Notlar:
     <message>
         <location filename="../src/qcodeedit/lib/qeditor.cpp" line="4779"/>
         <source>Move cursor to next block</source>
-        <translation type="unfinished"/>
+        <translation>İmleci sonraki bloğa taşı</translation>
     </message>
     <message>
         <location filename="../src/qcodeedit/lib/qeditor.cpp" line="4780"/>
         <source>Move cursor to previous block</source>
-        <translation type="unfinished"/>
+        <translation>İmleci önceki bloğa taşı</translation>
     </message>
     <message>
         <location filename="../src/qcodeedit/lib/qeditor.cpp" line="4784"/>
@@ -7354,12 +7354,12 @@ Notlar:
     <message>
         <location filename="../src/qcodeedit/lib/qeditor.cpp" line="4799"/>
         <source>Select to next block</source>
-        <translation type="unfinished"/>
+        <translation>Sonraki bloğa kadar seç</translation>
     </message>
     <message>
         <location filename="../src/qcodeedit/lib/qeditor.cpp" line="4800"/>
         <source>Select to previous block</source>
-        <translation type="unfinished"/>
+        <translation>Önceki bloğa kadar seç</translation>
     </message>
     <message>
         <location filename="../src/qcodeedit/lib/qeditor.cpp" line="4804"/>

From a99bc36f4a93017b19b785af1e7fb9b5cbf02e55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mbertucci47 <61854785+mbertucci47@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2024 11:13:03 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] Cwls (#3751)

* Update wheelchart.cwl

* Update hvlogos.cwl

* Update moreverb.cwl

* Update piton.cwl

* Update fdsymbol.cwl

* Update mathabx.cwl

* Update mercatormap.cwl

* Update relsize.cwl

* Update citation-style-language.cwl

* Update simpleicons.cwl

* Update tagpdf.cwl

* Update class-asmeconf.cwl

* Update pgfplotsthemebeamer.cwl

* Update fontscale.cwl

* Update mercatormap.cwl

* Add files via upload

* Update completion.qrc

* Update sf298.cwl
---
 completion.qrc                         |  3 ++
 completion/bib2qr.cwl                  | 22 +++++++++++
 completion/citation-style-language.cwl | 52 ++++++++++++++++---------
 completion/class-asmeconf.cwl          |  3 +-
 completion/fdsymbol.cwl                |  4 +-
 completion/fontscale.cwl               | 25 +++++-------
 completion/hvlogos.cwl                 |  2 +
 completion/mathabx.cwl                 |  2 +-
 completion/mercatormap.cwl             | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 completion/moreverb.cwl                |  5 +++
 completion/pgfplotsthemebeamer.cwl     |  5 +--
 completion/piton.cwl                   |  5 ++-
 completion/polyomino.cwl               | 16 ++++++++
 completion/relsize.cwl                 |  6 +--
 completion/sf298.cwl                   |  4 +-
 completion/sfmath.cwl                  | 22 +++++++++++
 completion/simpleicons.cwl             |  3 +-
 completion/tagpdf.cwl                  |  3 +-
 completion/wheelchart.cwl              |  4 +-
 19 files changed, 187 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 completion/bib2qr.cwl
 create mode 100644 completion/polyomino.cwl
 create mode 100644 completion/sfmath.cwl

diff --git a/completion.qrc b/completion.qrc
index 86b9765ff..062cd3645 100644
--- a/completion.qrc
+++ b/completion.qrc
@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@
 <file>completion/bfhletter.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/bfhmodule.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/bguq.cwl</file>
+<file>completion/bib2qr.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/bibcop.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/bibentry.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/biblatex2bibitem.cwl</file>
@@ -2860,6 +2861,7 @@
 <file>completion/polymers.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/polynom.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/polynomial.cwl</file>
+<file>completion/polyomino.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/polytable.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/poormanlog.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/popupmenu.cwl</file>
@@ -3287,6 +3289,7 @@
 <file>completion/setspaceenhanced.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/settobox.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/sf298.cwl</file>
+<file>completion/sfmath.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/sgame.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/sgamevar.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/shadethm.cwl</file>
diff --git a/completion/bib2qr.cwl b/completion/bib2qr.cwl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c8205c4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/completion/bib2qr.cwl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# bib2qr package
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/01 for v0.2
+
+#include:biblatex
+#include:ifthen
+#include:qrcode
+#include:xstring
+
+#keyvals:\usepackage/bib2qr#c
+doiurlbase=%<string%>
+qrdelimiter=%<sep code%>
+qrversion=%<version%>
+qrwidth=##L
+#endkeyvals
+
+\qrcite{bibid}#C
+\qrfullcite{bibid}#C
+\qrfullcite[option%keyvals]{bibid}#C
+
+#keyvals:\qrfullcite
+noindent
+#endkeyvals
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/completion/citation-style-language.cwl b/completion/citation-style-language.cwl
index 0d990b703..166791a03 100644
--- a/completion/citation-style-language.cwl
+++ b/completion/citation-style-language.cwl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # citation-style-language package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/06/11 for v0.5.0
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/02 for v0.6.0
 
 #include:filehook
 #include:url
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 #keyvals:\cslsetup,\usepackage/citation-style-language#c
 regression-test#true,false
 style=#american-chemical-society,american-medical-association,american-political-science-association,american-sociological-association,apa,chicago-author-date,chicago-fullnote-bibliography,chicago-note-bibliography,elsevier-harvard,harvard-cite-them-right,ieee,modern-humanities-research-association,modern-language-association,nature,vancouver
+bib-resource=%<resource%>
 locale=%<language code%>
+ref-section=#none,part,chapter,chapter+,section,section+,subsection,subsection+
 backref=#true,page,section,false
 bib-font=%<font commands%>
 bib-entry-page-break#true,false
@@ -90,29 +92,43 @@ heading=%<text%>
 title=%<text%>
 prenote=%<text%>
 postnote=%<text%>
-type=
-nottype=
-keyword=
-notkeyword=
-category=
-notcategory=
+type=%<entry type%>
+nottype=%<entry type%>
+keyword=%<keyword%>
+notkeyword=%<keyword%>
+category=%<category%>
+notcategory=%<category%>
 #endkeyvals
 
-\printbibheading
-\printbibheading[options%keyvals]
+\begin{refsection}
+\begin{refsection}[options%keyvals]
+\end{refsection}
+\newrefsection
+\newrefsection[options%keyvals]
+\endrefsection
 
-#keyvals:\printbibheading
-heading=%<text%>
-title=%<text%>
+#keyvals:\begin{refsection},\newrefsection
+style=%<style id%>
+bib-resource=%<resource%>
+locale=%<language code%>
 #endkeyvals
 
+\defbibheading{name}{code}#*
+\defbibheading{name}[title%text]{code}#*
+
 # not documented
-\addtocategory{category}{keys%plain}#*
+\addtocategory{category}{keys%plain}#S
 \backref{arg}#S
 \cslcitation{arg1}{arg2}#S
 \cslcite{arg1}{arg2}#S
-\DeclareBibliographyCategory{category}#*
-\defbibenvironment{name}{begdef}{enddef}{item code}#*
-\defbibheading{name}[title%text]{code}#*
-\defbibheading{name}{code}#*
-\defbibnote{name}{text}#*
+\csloptions{arg1}{arg2}#S
+\cslundefinedcite{arg}#S
+\DeclareBibliographyCategory{category}#S
+\defbibenvironment{name}{begdef}{enddef}{item code}#S
+\defbibnote{name}{text}#S
+\printbibheading#S
+\printbibheading[options%keyvals]#S
+#keyvals:\printbibheading
+heading=%<text%>
+title=%<text%>
+#endkeyvals
diff --git a/completion/class-asmeconf.cwl b/completion/class-asmeconf.cwl
index 424c0f574..2f8288e74 100644
--- a/completion/class-asmeconf.cwl
+++ b/completion/class-asmeconf.cwl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # asmeconf class
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/02/07 for v1.37
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/02 for v1.38
 
 #include:etoolbox
 #include:ifthen
@@ -2026,7 +2026,6 @@ SuppressWarning#true,false
 \JointFirstAuthor
 \keywordname#*
 \keywords{keywords}
-\LogNote{message%text}#*
 \MakeTitlePage#*
 \MyColorOption#*
 \nomenwidth#*
diff --git a/completion/fdsymbol.cwl b/completion/fdsymbol.cwl
index e8085f6e6..2a93001b5 100644
--- a/completion/fdsymbol.cwl
+++ b/completion/fdsymbol.cwl
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ opstyle=#serif,sans
 \arceq#m
 \Assert#*m
 \assert#m
-\awint,#m
+\awint#m
 \backcong#m
 \backneg#m
 \backprime#m
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ opstyle=#serif,sans
 \bigcurlyvee#m
 \bigcurlywedge#m
 \bigdoublevee#m
-\bigdoublewedge,#m
+\bigdoublewedge#m
 \bigoast#m
 \bigplus#m
 \bigsqcap#m
diff --git a/completion/fontscale.cwl b/completion/fontscale.cwl
index d2fc14c9c..7bf61f2cc 100644
--- a/completion/fontscale.cwl
+++ b/completion/fontscale.cwl
@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 # fontscale package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/03/08 for v1.0.0
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/05 for v2.0.0
 
 \fontscalesetup{keyvals}
+\fontscalesetup*{keyvals}
 
-#keyvals:\fontscalesetup
-reset
-reset=#initial,preamble
-ignore-order#true,false
+#keyvals:\fontscalesetup,\fontscalesetup*
 baselineskip-size-ratio=%<number%>
-typographic-scale=#classic-10pt,classic-11pt,classic-12pt,modular,musical
+typographic-scale=#classic-10pt,classic-11pt,classic-12pt,musical
 classic-10pt
 classic-11pt
 classic-12pt
-modular
 musical
-modular/ratio=%<number%>
+musical/base=##L
 musical/ratio=%<number%>
 musical/notes=%<integer%>
 tiny/scale=%<number%>
@@ -81,10 +78,8 @@ Huge=%<size%>/%<baselineskip%>
 \SetFontSize*{size}
 \ScaleFont{number}
 \SetFontSizeBaselineskip{size}{skip%l}
-\PrintFontParameters
-\PrintAllFontParameters
-\PrintSampleText
-\PrintSampleText[text]
-\PrintSampleText*
-\PrintSampleText*[text]
-\PrintFontSizeCommand
\ No newline at end of file
+\PrintFontSizeParameters
+\PrintAllFontSizeParameters
+\PrintSampleText{text}
+\PrintSampleText*{text}
+\PrintFontSizeCommand
diff --git a/completion/hvlogos.cwl b/completion/hvlogos.cwl
index 594862a1a..d1dddd33a 100644
--- a/completion/hvlogos.cwl
+++ b/completion/hvlogos.cwl
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@
 \WikipediA#n
 \XeLaTeX#n
 \XeTeX#n
+\xypic#n
 
 \AMS#*n
 \biblatex#*n
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@
 \tikzlogo#*n
 \Wikipedia#*n
 \wikipedia#*n
+\XYpic#*n
 
 \hvLaTeX[L-a kern]#*
 \hvLaTeX[L-a kern][La-TeX kern]#*
diff --git a/completion/mathabx.cwl b/completion/mathabx.cwl
index c60346dee..028ce88ba 100644
--- a/completion/mathabx.cwl
+++ b/completion/mathabx.cwl
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ mathx
 \wideddddot{arg}#m
 \varnot#m
 
-\mayadelimiters
+\mayadelimiters(%<delim1%>,%<delim2%>)
 \maya{number}
 \mayadigit{digit}
 \changenotsign#*
diff --git a/completion/mercatormap.cwl b/completion/mercatormap.cwl
index ad4086b77..ecae7a737 100644
--- a/completion/mercatormap.cwl
+++ b/completion/mercatormap.cwl
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 # mercatormap package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2/2/2022 for v1.02
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/05 for v1.2.0
 
 #include:graphicx
-#include:pdftexcmds
 #include:siunitx
 #include:tikz
 #include:tikzlibraryshadings
@@ -59,6 +58,7 @@ tile size=##L
 \mrcNPcs{name}
 \mrcNPlat{name}
 \mrcNPlon{name}
+\ifmrcNPexists{name}{true}{false}
 
 \ifmrcinmap{latitude}{longitude}{true}{false}
 \ifmrcNPinmap{name}{true}{false}
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ flex area fit
 flex area fit=##L
 pixel=%<pixel size%>
 dpi=%<dpi value%>
-source=#dummy,opentopomap,stamen terrain,stamen terrain-background,stamen terrain-labels,stamen terrain-lines,stamen toner,stamen toner-lite,stamen toner-hybrid,stamen toner-background,stamen toner-labels,stamen toner-lines,stamen watercolor,thunderforest opencyclemap,thunderforest transport,thunderforest landscape,thunderforest outdoors,thunderforest transport-dark,thunderforest spinal-map,thunderforest pioneer,thunderforest mobile-atlas,thunderforest neighbourhood,topplusopen web,topplusopen web grau,topplusopen p5,topplusopen p5 grau,topplusopen p10,topplusopen p10 grau,topplusopen p17.5,topplusopen p17.5 grau,topplusopen p25,topplusopen p25 grau,topplusopen p50,topplusopen p50 grau,topplusopen p100,topplusopen p100 grau,topplusopen p250,topplusopen p250 grau
+source=#dummy,opentopomap,thunderforest opencyclemap,thunderforest transport,thunderforest landscape,thunderforest outdoors,thunderforest atlas,thunderforest transport-dark,thunderforest spinal-map,thunderforest pioneer,thunderforest mobile-atlas,thunderforest neighbourhood,topplusopen web,topplusopen web grau,topplusopen web light,topplusopen web light grau,topplusopen p5,topplusopen p5 grau,topplusopen p10,topplusopen p10 grau,topplusopen p17.5,topplusopen p17.5 grau,topplusopen p25,topplusopen p25 grau,topplusopen p50,topplusopen p50 grau,topplusopen p100,topplusopen p100 grau,topplusopen p250,topplusopen p250 grau
 #endkeyvals
 
 \mrcsetapikey{name}{value}
@@ -304,6 +304,15 @@ node style={%<TikZ options%>}
 \mrcNPdraworthodrome{name1}{name2}
 \mrcNPdraworthodrome[TikZ options]{name1}{name2}
 
+\mrcNPfromOrthoFraction{name}{lat1}{lon1}{lat2}{lon2}{fraction}
+\mrcNPfromOrthoFraction{name}[\angle]{lat1}{lon1}{lat2}{lon2}{fraction}
+\mrcNPfromOrthoFractionNamed{name}{name1}{name2}{fraction}
+\mrcNPfromOrthoFractionNamed{name}[\angle]{name1}{name2}{fraction}
+\mrcNPfromOrthoDistance{name}{lat1}{lon1}{lat2}{lon2}{distance}
+\mrcNPfromOrthoDistance{name}[\angle]{lat1}{lon1}{lat2}{lon2}{distance}
+\mrcNPfromOrthoDistanceNamed{name}{name1}{name2}{distance}
+\mrcNPfromOrthoDistanceNamed{name}[\angle]{name1}{name2}{distance}
+
 \mrcprettyorthodistance{lat1}{lon1}{lat2}{lon2}
 \mrcNPprettyorthodistance{name1}{name2}
 \mrcstoreorthodistance{macro%cmd}{lat1}{lon1}{lat2}{lon2}#d
@@ -311,6 +320,45 @@ node style={%<TikZ options%>}
 \mrcNPprettyloxodistance{name1}{name2}
 \mrcstoreloxodistance{macro%cmd}{lat1}{lon1}{lat2}{lon2}#d
 
+### 10 Animations ###
+\begin{mrcAnimation}{options%keyvals}
+\end{mrcAnimation}
+
+#keyvals:\begin{mrcAnimation}#c
+start-position=%<latitude%>/%<longitude%>
+named-start-position=%<name%>
+final-position=%<latitude%>/%<longitude%>
+named-final-position=%<name%>
+position=%<latitude%>/%<longitude%>
+named-position=%<name%>
+frames=%<integer%>
+drop-first-frame#true,false
+drop-last-frame#true,false
+drop-no-frame
+scale-denominators=%<time and scale sequence%>
+common-scale-denominator=%<scale denominator%>
+timewarp=%<macro%>
+timewarp-identity
+timewarp-slow-start
+timewarp-slow-start=%<exponent%>
+timewarp-slow-final
+timewarp-slow-final=%<exponent%>
+timewarp-slow-start-final
+timewarp-slow-start-final=%<exponent%>
+#endkeyvals
+
+\mrcTimewarpIdentity#*
+\mrcTimewarpSlowStart#*
+\mrcTimewarpSlowFinal#*
+\mrcTimewarpSlowStartFinal#*
+
+\mrcAnimFrame
+\mrcAnimTime
+\mrcAnimScaleDenom
+\mrcAnimLatitude
+\mrcAnimLongitude
+\mrcAnimAngle
+
 # not documented
 \mermaplastfivesum{arg}#*
 \mrcpkgprefix#*
diff --git a/completion/moreverb.cwl b/completion/moreverb.cwl
index 6e6cc4474..88d89ad8c 100644
--- a/completion/moreverb.cwl
+++ b/completion/moreverb.cwl
@@ -12,8 +12,13 @@
 \begin{listing}{start line}#V
 \begin{listing}[interval]{start line}#V
 \end{listing}
+\begin{listing*}{start line}#V
+\begin{listing*}[interval]{start line}#V
+\end{listing*}
 \begin{listingcont}#V
 \end{listingcont}
+\begin{listingcont*}#V
+\end{listingcont*}
 \listinglabel#*
 \listinginput{start line}{file}
 \listinginput[interval]{start line}{file}
diff --git a/completion/pgfplotsthemebeamer.cwl b/completion/pgfplotsthemebeamer.cwl
index 423c67963..8a44a9790 100644
--- a/completion/pgfplotsthemebeamer.cwl
+++ b/completion/pgfplotsthemebeamer.cwl
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # pgfplotsthemebeamer package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/07/29 for v0.1
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/02 for v0.2
 
-#include:pgfopts
 #include:pgfplots
 
 #keyvals:\usepackage/pgfplotsthemebeamer#c
@@ -10,4 +9,4 @@ all
 
 #keyvals:\begin{axis}#c,\begin{loglogaxis}#c,\begin{semilogxaxis}#c,\begin{semilogyaxis}#c,\addplot#c,\addplot3#c,\addplot+#c,\pgfplotsset#c,\begin{groupplot}#c,\nextgroupplot#c,\begin{smithchart}#c,\begin{polaraxis}#c,\begin{ternaryaxis}#c
 beamercolors
-#endkeyvals
\ No newline at end of file
+#endkeyvals
diff --git a/completion/piton.cwl b/completion/piton.cwl
index f2d2bb937..06aa0a038 100644
--- a/completion/piton.cwl
+++ b/completion/piton.cwl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # piton package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/05/24 for v3.0b
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/07/30 for v3.1
 
 #include:l3keys2e
 #include:luatexbase
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ marker/include-lines
 comment-latex=%<string%>
 math-comments#true,false
 detected-commands={%<csname1,csname2,...%>}
+detected-beamer-commands={%<csname1,csname2,...%>}
+detected-beamer-environments={%<envname1,envname2,...%>}
 line-numbers/absolute
 marker={%<options%>}
 marker/beginning=%<spec%>
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ line-numbers/skip-empty-lines#true,false
 line-numbers/label-empty-lines#true,false
 line-numbers/resume
 line-numbers/sep=##L
+line-numbers/format=%<font commands%>
 splittable
 splittable=%<integer%>
 background-color=#%color
diff --git a/completion/polyomino.cwl b/completion/polyomino.cwl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b01c2933e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/completion/polyomino.cwl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# polyomino package
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/02 for v1.0
+
+#include:tikz
+
+\polyomino{polyomino spec}
+\polyomino[options%keyvals]{polyomino spec}
+
+#keyvals:\polyomino#c
+at=%<point%>
+empty cell=%<token list%>
+grid#true,false
+grid style={%<options%>}
+p={%<name%>}{%<options%>}
+row sep=%<token list%>
+#endkeyvals
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/completion/relsize.cwl b/completion/relsize.cwl
index 436116155..4dcdede7f 100644
--- a/completion/relsize.cwl
+++ b/completion/relsize.cwl
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 \textsmaller[number]{text}
 \textscale{scale factor}{text}
 
-\mathsmaller#m
-\mathlarger#m
+\mathsmaller{arg}#m
+\mathlarger{arg}#m
 
 \RSsmallest#*
 \RSlargest#*
-\RSpercentTolerance#*
\ No newline at end of file
+\RSpercentTolerance#*
diff --git a/completion/sf298.cwl b/completion/sf298.cwl
index 75164d40c..b14e3cbbe 100644
--- a/completion/sf298.cwl
+++ b/completion/sf298.cwl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include:multicol
 #include:fancyhdr
 
-#keyvals:\usepackage/captcont#c
+#keyvals:\usepackage/sf298#c
 config
 noconfig
 floatlongboxes
@@ -46,4 +46,4 @@ nofloatlongboxes
 \SupplementaryNotes{text}
 \TaskNumber{number}
 \Title{text}
-\WorkUnitNumber{number}
\ No newline at end of file
+\WorkUnitNumber{number}
diff --git a/completion/sfmath.cwl b/completion/sfmath.cwl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1bf0090c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/completion/sfmath.cwl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# sfmath package
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/01 for v0.8
+
+#keyvals:\usepackage/sfmath#c
+slantedGreek
+cm
+lm
+helvet
+cmbright
+tx
+px
+T1experimental
+AlphT1experimental
+mathrmOrig
+mathbfOrig
+mathitOrig
+mathsfOrig
+#endkeyvals
+
+\mathsl{text%plain}#m
+\upDelta#m
+\upOmega#m
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/completion/simpleicons.cwl b/completion/simpleicons.cwl
index 9f29b627d..130e7b940 100644
--- a/completion/simpleicons.cwl
+++ b/completion/simpleicons.cwl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # simpleicons package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/07/26 for v13.2.0
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/02 for v13.3.0
 
 #include:iftex
 
@@ -3144,6 +3144,7 @@ zenn
 zenodo
 zensar
 zerodha
+zerotier
 zerply
 zettlr
 zhihu
diff --git a/completion/tagpdf.cwl b/completion/tagpdf.cwl
index 29ea97549..1ed827beb 100644
--- a/completion/tagpdf.cwl
+++ b/completion/tagpdf.cwl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # tagpdf package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/06/02 for v0.99b
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/02 for v0.99d
 
 #include:pdfmanagement-testphase
 
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ disabledelayedshipout
 activate=%<tag%>
 activate/all#true,false
 activate/mc#true,false
+activate/softhyphen#true,false
 activate/spaces#true,false
 activate/struct#true,false
 activate/struct-dest#true,false
diff --git a/completion/wheelchart.cwl b/completion/wheelchart.cwl
index 597bb0448..193908d9c 100644
--- a/completion/wheelchart.cwl
+++ b/completion/wheelchart.cwl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # wheelchart package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/03/09 for v3.0
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/07/29 for v4.0
 
 #include:tikz
 #include:tikzlibrarycalc
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ arc data angle shift=%<degrees%>
 arc data dir=%<value%>
 arc data expand=%<type%>
 arc data line sep factor=%<factor%>
+arc data lines pos=%<factor%>
+arc data lines shift=%<value%>
 arc data pos=%<value%>
 arc data sep=%<value%>
 arc data style={%<TikZ keys%>}

From 93b4e67f0b317325ca3dcd2fe2b2ee8029bdfdf2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yann Salmon <ysalmon@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2024 19:13:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] =?UTF-8?q?Fixing=20single-instance=20not=20working?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20with=20Qt5=C2=A0=3F=20(#3747)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* culprit

* Workaround
---
 src/texstudio.cpp | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/texstudio.cpp b/src/texstudio.cpp
index d54e3f7af..ea30f2673 100644
--- a/src/texstudio.cpp
+++ b/src/texstudio.cpp
@@ -731,12 +731,15 @@ void Texstudio::setupDockWidgets()
     if(!dock){
         fileView=new QTreeView();
         fileExplorerModel = new QFileSystemModel(this);
-        fileExplorerModel->setRootPath(QDir::currentPath());
+		QString rootDir = QDir::currentPath();
+		if (rootDir == "/tmp")
+			rootDir = "/";
+        fileExplorerModel->setRootPath(rootDir);
         fileView->setModel(fileExplorerModel);
         fileView->setColumnHidden(1,true);
         fileView->setColumnHidden(2,true);
         fileView->setColumnHidden(3,true);
-        fileView->setRootIndex(fileExplorerModel->index(QDir::currentPath()));
+        fileView->setRootIndex(fileExplorerModel->index(rootDir));
         QAction *act=new QAction();
         act->setText(tr("Insert filename"));
         connect(act,&QAction::triggered,this,&Texstudio::insertFromExplorer);
@@ -1910,7 +1913,9 @@ void Texstudio::currentEditorChanged()
     // set dock file explorer to current file, root to root document folder
     LatexDocument *doc=edView->getDocument();
     QFileInfo fi=doc->getFileInfo();
-    const QString rootDir=fi.absoluteDir().path();
+    QString rootDir=fi.absoluteDir().path();
+	if (rootDir == "/tmp")
+		rootDir = "/";
     fileExplorerModel->setRootPath(rootDir);
     fileView->setRootIndex(fileExplorerModel->index(rootDir));
 }

From dde308e23af8550a8803320f8da1e8c63ec43c7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Sundermeyer <sunderme@gmx.de>
Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2024 21:09:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] use direct zlib build only on win

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 18 ++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index eb5e29439..1d08b36f5 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -198,14 +198,16 @@ else()
 		endif()
 	else()
                 message(STATUS "Using internal QuaZIP and internal zlib")
-                set(ZLIB_BUILD_EXAMPLES OFF)
-                set(SKIP_INSTALL_LIBRARIES ON)
-                add_subdirectory(src/zlib-1.3.1)
-                set(ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/src/zlib-1.3.1)
-                if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
-                    set(ZLIB_LIBRARY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/src/zlib-1.3.1/libzlibd.dll)
-                else()
-                    set(ZLIB_LIBRARY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/src/zlib-1.3.1/libzlib.dll)
+                if(WIN32)
+                    set(ZLIB_BUILD_EXAMPLES OFF)
+                    set(SKIP_INSTALL_LIBRARIES ON)
+                    add_subdirectory(src/zlib-1.3.1)
+                    set(ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/src/zlib-1.3.1)
+                    if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+                        set(ZLIB_LIBRARY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/src/zlib-1.3.1/libzlibd.dll)
+                    else()
+                        set(ZLIB_LIBRARY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/src/zlib-1.3.1/libzlib.dll)
+                    endif()
                 endif()
 		set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
   		set(QUAZIP_INSTALL OFF)

From d8fd0779f6f851389c53d4a3664bb46b3d10475a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yukai Chou <muzimuzhi@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 13:38:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] Skip codesign if required secret is not set (#3752)

---
 .github/workflows/cd.yml | 23 +++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/cd.yml b/.github/workflows/cd.yml
index d76b28ac6..3098c8b8b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cd.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cd.yml
@@ -72,9 +72,20 @@ jobs:
           echo "TXS_VERSION=${TXS_VERSION}">> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "GIT_VERSION=${GIT_VERSION}">> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       
+      - name: Detect if codesign
+        run: |
+          # Nonexistent context property evaluates to an empty string.
+          # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/writing-workflows/choosing-what-your-workflow-does/contexts#about-contexts
+          if [ -z "${{ secrets.SIGNPATH_API_TOKEN }}" ]; then
+            echo "IF_CODESIGN=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+            echo "::notice file=.github/workflows/cd.yml,title=Codesign skipped::Secret "SIGNPATH_API_TOKEN" not set."
+          else
+            echo "IF_CODESIGN=true" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          fi
+
       - name: Codesign binary
         id: sign_binary
-        if: true
+        if: env.IF_CODESIGN == 'true'
         uses: signpath/github-action-submit-signing-request@v0.4
         with:
           api-token: '${{ secrets.SIGNPATH_API_TOKEN }}'
@@ -91,6 +102,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: use signed binary
         id: use_signed_binary
+        if: env.IF_CODESIGN == 'true'
         run: |
           mv signed-artifacts/texstudio.exe build/texstudio.exe
 
@@ -122,7 +134,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Codesign
         id: sign
-        if: true
+        if: env.IF_CODESIGN == 'true'
         uses: signpath/github-action-submit-signing-request@v0.4
         with:
           api-token: '${{ secrets.SIGNPATH_API_TOKEN }}'
@@ -139,13 +151,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: copy signed installer
         id: copy_signed_binary
+        if: env.IF_CODESIGN == 'true'
         run: |
           cp signed-artifacts/texstudio-win-qt6-${{ steps.package.outputs.VERSION_NAME }}.exe texstudio-${{ steps.package.outputs.GIT_VERSION }}-win-qt6-signed.exe
     
 
       - name: Upload signed installer to GitHub Artifacts
         id: upload-artifact-signed
-        if: github.event_name == 'push'
+        if: env.IF_CODESIGN == 'true' && github.event_name == 'push'
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: texstudio-win-qt6-signed-exe
@@ -157,7 +170,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           name: release-win
           path: |
-            texstudio-${{ steps.package.outputs.GIT_VERSION }}-win-qt6-signed.exe
+            ${{ env.IF_CODESIGN == 'true'
+                && format('texstudio-{0}-win-qt6-signed.exe', steps.package.outputs.GIT_VERSION)
+                || '' }}
             texstudio-${{ steps.package.outputs.GIT_VERSION }}-win-portable-qt6.zip
 
 ###################################

From c70d392bd046bbafcc2ba5299cef9f809f92b676 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yukai Chou <muzimuzhi@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 14:30:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] Suppress Homebrew "already installed" warnings (#3753)

---
 .github/workflows/cd.yml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/cd.yml b/.github/workflows/cd.yml
index 3098c8b8b..b4c0dd4f7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cd.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cd.yml
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ jobs:
         wget https://github.com/sunderme/homebrew-qt6-modules/releases/download/${{ env.OSX_QT_VERSION }}/QuaZip-${{ env.OSX_QUAZIP_VERSION }}-Darwin.tar.xz
         sudo tar xvf ./QuaZip-${{ env.OSX_QUAZIP_VERSION }}-Darwin.tar.xz -C /usr/local --strip-components=1
         rm QuaZip-${{ env.OSX_QUAZIP_VERSION }}-Darwin.tar.xz
-        brew install cairo fontconfig freetype gettext jpeg libpng libtiff little-cms2 openjpeg
-        brew install ninja pkg-config
+        brew install --quiet cairo fontconfig freetype gettext jpeg libpng libtiff little-cms2 openjpeg
+        brew install --quiet ninja pkg-config
 
     - name: Configure
       run: |
@@ -371,8 +371,8 @@ jobs:
         wget https://github.com/sunderme/homebrew-qt6-modules/releases/download/${{ env.OSX_QT_VERSION }}/QuaZip-${{ env.OSX_QUAZIP_VERSION }}-Darwin-M1.tar.xz
         sudo tar xvf ./QuaZip-${{ env.OSX_QUAZIP_VERSION }}-Darwin-M1.tar.xz -C /usr/local --strip-components=1
         rm QuaZip-${{ env.OSX_QUAZIP_VERSION }}-Darwin-M1.tar.xz
-        brew install cairo fontconfig freetype gettext jpeg libpng libtiff little-cms2 openjpeg
-        brew install ninja pkg-config
+        brew install --quiet cairo fontconfig freetype gettext jpeg libpng libtiff little-cms2 openjpeg
+        brew install --quiet ninja pkg-config
 
     - name: Configure
       run: |

From 1b8ed0e3e0af39e81bb833715fd5761f28869c90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Sundermeyer <sunderme@gmx.de>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 18:46:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] folder symbol for darkmode

---
 images-ng/folder_R90_dm.svg | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 images.qrc                  |  1 +
 2 files changed, 57 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 images-ng/folder_R90_dm.svg

diff --git a/images-ng/folder_R90_dm.svg b/images-ng/folder_R90_dm.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e23e971b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/images-ng/folder_R90_dm.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
+
+<svg
+   width="90.708664"
+   height="90.708664"
+   viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+   version="1.1"
+   id="svg5"
+   inkscape:version="1.1.2 (0a00cf5339, 2022-02-04)"
+   sodipodi:docname="folder.svg"
+   xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
+   xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
+   xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+   xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+  <sodipodi:namedview
+     id="namedview7"
+     pagecolor="#ffffff"
+     bordercolor="#666666"
+     borderopacity="1.0"
+     inkscape:pageshadow="2"
+     inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
+     inkscape:pagecheckerboard="0"
+     inkscape:document-units="px"
+     showgrid="false"
+     units="px"
+     inkscape:zoom="10.476431"
+     inkscape:cx="82.470834"
+     inkscape:cy="41.092238"
+     inkscape:window-width="3840"
+     inkscape:window-height="2067"
+     inkscape:window-x="0"
+     inkscape:window-y="0"
+     inkscape:window-maximized="1"
+     inkscape:current-layer="layer1" />
+  <defs
+     id="defs2" />
+  <g
+     inkscape:label="Ebene 1"
+     inkscape:groupmode="layer"
+     transform="matrix(0,1,-1,0,24,0)"
+     id="layer1">
+    <path
+       style="fill:#606060;stroke:#ffffff;stroke-width:0.46499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;fill-opacity:1;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none"
+       d="m 3.0820659,21.093682 0.00292,-17.0489551 9.6676811,-0.063557 -0.04099,2.5079283 5.014673,-0.063565 -0.06749,1.8418635"
+       id="path923" />
+    <rect
+       style="fill:#606060;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#ffffff;stroke-width:0.46062;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;paint-order:stroke markers fill"
+       id="rect947"
+       width="17.039011"
+       height="13.048736"
+       x="7.7023964"
+       y="8.5450325"
+       transform="matrix(1,0,-0.2139659,0.97684113,0,0)" />
+  </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/images.qrc b/images.qrc
index a83d9f458..ff720e5a1 100644
--- a/images.qrc
+++ b/images.qrc
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
 <file>images-ng/extend.svg</file>
 <file>images-ng/focusedhand.svg</file>
 <file>images-ng/folder-cloud.svg</file>
+<file>images-ng/folder_R90_dm.svg</file>
 <file>images-ng/folder_R90.svg</file>
 <file>images-ng/folder.svg</file>
 <file>images-ng/font_emph48.svg</file>

From 2b796a1e0c5e97b6dacadb1d174ce16927ea2b73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Sundermeyer <sunderme@gmx.de>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 18:47:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] imprve folder symbol

---
 images-ng/folder_R90.svg | 7 -------
 1 file changed, 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/images-ng/folder_R90.svg b/images-ng/folder_R90.svg
index b02b619ec..6bef30147 100644
--- a/images-ng/folder_R90.svg
+++ b/images-ng/folder_R90.svg
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@
      inkscape:groupmode="layer"
      transform="matrix(0,1,-1,0,24,0)"
      id="layer1">
-    <rect
-       style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#ffffff;stroke-width:0.465;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;paint-order:stroke markers fill"
-       id="rect911"
-       width="24.060358"
-       height="24.11837"
-       x="0.024228496"
-       y="0.045454249" />
     <path
        style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.46499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;fill-opacity:0;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none"
        d="m 3.0820659,21.093682 0.00292,-17.0489551 9.6676811,-0.063557 -0.04099,2.5079283 5.014673,-0.063565 -0.06749,1.8418635"

From e0f6cd02e9e4814e85457a1ca5fcc2f46a40f3ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mbertucci47 <61854785+mbertucci47@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2024 23:57:42 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] Cwls (#3763)

* Update fancybox.cwl

* Update simpleicons.cwl

* Update magicwatermark.cwl

* Update grfext.cwl

* Update piton.cwl

* Update tablvar.cwl

* Update fontscale.cwl

* Add files via upload

* Update completion.qrc
---
 completion.qrc                |  6 ++++++
 completion/eqnalign.cwl       |  9 ++++++++
 completion/fancybox.cwl       |  2 ++
 completion/fillwith.cwl       | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 completion/fontscale.cwl      |  3 ++-
 completion/grfext.cwl         | 11 +++++++++-
 completion/har2nat.cwl        | 14 +++++++++++++
 completion/hypgotoe.cwl       | 10 +++++++++
 completion/magicwatermark.cwl | 30 ++-------------------------
 completion/mfb-oldstyle.cwl   | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 completion/piton.cwl          |  5 ++---
 completion/simpleicons.cwl    |  3 ++-
 completion/subeqnarray.cwl    |  9 ++++++++
 completion/tablvar.cwl        |  9 ++++++--
 14 files changed, 142 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 completion/eqnalign.cwl
 create mode 100644 completion/fillwith.cwl
 create mode 100644 completion/har2nat.cwl
 create mode 100644 completion/hypgotoe.cwl
 create mode 100644 completion/mfb-oldstyle.cwl
 create mode 100644 completion/subeqnarray.cwl

diff --git a/completion.qrc b/completion.qrc
index 062cd3645..8f321e28f 100644
--- a/completion.qrc
+++ b/completion.qrc
@@ -1412,6 +1412,7 @@
 <file>completion/eqexpl.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/eq-fetchbbl.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/eqlist.cwl</file>
+<file>completion/eqnalign.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/eqname.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/eqnarray.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/eqnnumwarn.cwl</file>
@@ -1549,6 +1550,7 @@
 <file>completion/filemod.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/filemod-expmin.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/filesdo.cwl</file>
+<file>completion/fillwith.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/finstrut.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/firamath-otf.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/FiraMono.cwl</file>
@@ -1792,6 +1794,7 @@
 <file>completion/hangulfontset.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/hanjacnt.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/hanzibox.cwl</file>
+<file>completion/har2nat.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/hardwrap.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/harmony.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/harpoon.cwl</file>
@@ -1876,6 +1879,7 @@
 <file>completion/hyperbar.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/hyperref.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/hyperxmp.cwl</file>
+<file>completion/hypgotoe.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/hyphenat.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/hyphsubst.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/ibarra.cwl</file>
@@ -2386,6 +2390,7 @@
 <file>completion/metre.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/metrix.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/metsymb.cwl</file>
+<file>completion/mfb-oldstyle.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/mfirstuc.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/mflogo.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/mfpic4ode.cwl</file>
@@ -3437,6 +3442,7 @@
 <file>completion/subdepth.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/subdocs.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/subeqn.cwl</file>
+<file>completion/subeqnarray.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/subfig.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/subfigmat.cwl</file>
 <file>completion/subfigure.cwl</file>
diff --git a/completion/eqnalign.cwl b/completion/eqnalign.cwl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f9f9509c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/completion/eqnalign.cwl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# eqnalign package
+# Matthew Bertucci for v1.0a
+
+#include:amsmath
+
+\begin{EQNarray}#S\math,array
+\end{EQNarray}#S
+\begin{EQNarray*}#S\math,array
+\end{EQNarray*}#S
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/completion/fancybox.cwl b/completion/fancybox.cwl
index 2a7e2034b..a4ba77fad 100644
--- a/completion/fancybox.cwl
+++ b/completion/fancybox.cwl
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ b
 \end{LandScape}#*
 \begin{Landscape}{paperwidth%l}{paperheight%l}{cmd}#*
 \end{Landscape}#*
+\begin{Landscape*}{paperwidth%l}{paperheight%l}{cmd}#*
+\end{Landscape*}#*
 \LandScape{cmd}#*
 \Landscape{paperwidth%l}{paperheight%l}{cmd}#*
 \Landscape*{paperwidth%l}{paperheight%l}{cmd}#*
diff --git a/completion/fillwith.cwl b/completion/fillwith.cwl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37e201b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/completion/fillwith.cwl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# fillwith package
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/13 for v0.3
+
+#include:svn-prov
+#include:xcolor
+
+\fillwith
+\fillwith[options%keyvals]
+\fillwith*
+\fillwith*[options%keyvals]
+\fillwithrules
+\fillwithrules[options%keyvals]
+\fillwithrules*
+\fillwithrules*[options%keyvals]
+\fillwithdottedlines
+\fillwithdottedlines[options%keyvals]
+\fillwithdottedlines*
+\fillwithdottedlines*[options%keyvals]
+\fillwithnolines
+\fillwithnolines[options%keyvals]
+\fillwithnolines*
+\fillwithnolines*[options%keyvals]
+\fillwithset{options%keyvals}
+
+#keyvals:\fillwith#c,\fillwith*#c,\fillwithrules#c,\fillwithrules*#c,\fillwithdottedlines#c,\fillwithdottedlines*#c,\fillwithnolines#c,\fillwithnolines*#c,\usepackage/fillwith#c,\fillwithset#c
+color=#%color
+dottedcolor=#%color
+#endkeyvals
+
+#keyvals:\fillwith#c,\fillwith*#c,\fillwithrules#c,\fillwithrules*#c,\fillwithdottedlines#c,\fillwithdottedlines*#c,\fillwithnolines#c,\fillwithnolines*#c,\fillwithset#c
+cont#true,false
+fillwith ht=%<number%>
+goal ht=##L
+no font=%<font commands%>
+#endkeyvals
+
+#keyvals:\fillwith#c,\fillwith*#c,\fillwithset#c
+style=#rule,dots,line,lines,rules
+#endkeyvals
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/completion/fontscale.cwl b/completion/fontscale.cwl
index 7bf61f2cc..ece135283 100644
--- a/completion/fontscale.cwl
+++ b/completion/fontscale.cwl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # fontscale package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/05 for v2.0.0
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/13 for v2.1.0
 
 \fontscalesetup{keyvals}
 \fontscalesetup*{keyvals}
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ Huge=%<size%>/%<baselineskip%>
 \CurrentFontScale
 \CurrentFontSize
 \CurrentFontBaselineskip
+\CurrentFontSizeCommand
 \SetFontStep{number}
 \SetFontStep*{number}
 \SetFontScale{number}
diff --git a/completion/grfext.cwl b/completion/grfext.cwl
index 2d6e3dd44..ee4de000d 100644
--- a/completion/grfext.cwl
+++ b/completion/grfext.cwl
@@ -9,4 +9,13 @@
 \PrependGraphicsExtensions{ext list}
 \PrependGraphicsExtensions*{ext list}
 \RemoveGraphicsExtensions{ext list}
-\PrintGraphicsExtensions
\ No newline at end of file
+\PrintGraphicsExtensions
+
+#keyvals:\includegraphics
+AppendGraphicsExtensions={%<ext-list%>}
+AppendGraphicsExtensions*={%<ext-list%>}
+PrependGraphicsExtensions={%<ext-list%>}
+PrependGraphicsExtensions*={%<ext-list%>}
+RemoveGraphicsExtensions={%<ext-list%>}
+PrintGraphicsExtensions
+#endkeyvals
diff --git a/completion/har2nat.cwl b/completion/har2nat.cwl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d7b34dd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/completion/har2nat.cwl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# har2nat package
+# Matthew Bertucci for v1.0
+
+#include:suffix
+#include:natbib
+
+\cite*{keylist}#c
+\citeaffixed{prefix}{keylist}#c
+\citeasnoun{keylist}#c
+\citeasnoun[postfix]{keylist}
+\citeasnoun*{keylist}#c
+\citename{keylist}#c
+\citename*{keylist}#c
+\citeyear*{keylist}#c
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/completion/hypgotoe.cwl b/completion/hypgotoe.cwl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6c0875af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/completion/hypgotoe.cwl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# hypgotoe package
+# Matthew Bertucci for v0.3
+
+#include:iftex
+#include:pdfescape
+#include:hyperref
+
+#keyvals:\hypersetup
+gotoebordercolor=#%color
+#endkeyvals
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/completion/magicwatermark.cwl b/completion/magicwatermark.cwl
index 571d9beab..9c5ac20c7 100644
--- a/completion/magicwatermark.cwl
+++ b/completion/magicwatermark.cwl
@@ -1,33 +1,7 @@
 # magicwatermark package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2022/06/18 for v1.0.0
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/09 for v1.2A
 
 #include:everypage-1x
 #include:tikz
 
-\PageSetup{content for watermark%text}
-\PageSetup[options%keyvals]{content for watermark%text}
-\PageSetup*{content for watermark%text}
-\Watermark
-\EvenPageSetup{content for watermark%text}
-\EvenPageSetup[options%keyvals]{content for watermark%text}
-\EvenPageSetup*{content for watermark%text}
-\EvenWatermark
-\OddPageSetup{content for watermark%text}
-\OddPageSetup[options%keyvals]{content for watermark%text}
-\OddPageSetup*{content for watermark%text}
-\OddWatermark
-\NewWatermark{watermark name}
-\MyPageSetup{watermark name}{content for watermark%text}
-\MyPageSetup[options%keyvals]{watermark name}{content for watermark%text}
-\MyWatermark{watermark name}
-\ClearWatermark{watermark list}
-
-#keyvals:\PageSetup,\EvenPageSetup,\OddPageSetup,\MyPageSetup
-scale=%<factor%>
-opacity=%<factor%>
-shift={(%<x,y%>)}
-color=#%color
-rotate=%<degrees%>
-align=#center,left,right
-showframe#true,false
-#endkeyvals
\ No newline at end of file
+\MagicWatermark{keyvals}
diff --git a/completion/mfb-oldstyle.cwl b/completion/mfb-oldstyle.cwl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b83f73e42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/completion/mfb-oldstyle.cwl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# mfb-oldstyle package
+# Matthew Bertucci for v1.0
+
+#include:xkeyval
+#include:ifthen
+#include:mweights
+#include:fontaxes
+
+#keyvals:\usepackage/mfb-oldstyle#c
+scale=%<factor%>
+lining
+oldstyle
+tabular
+proportional
+bold
+regular
+#endkeyvals
+
+\supfigures#S
+\sufigures
+\textsup{text}#S
+\textsu{text}
+\textsuperior{text}#S
+\inffigures#S
+\infigures
+\textinf{text}#S
+\textin{text}
+\textinferior{text}#S
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/completion/piton.cwl b/completion/piton.cwl
index 06aa0a038..bd621857a 100644
--- a/completion/piton.cwl
+++ b/completion/piton.cwl
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 # piton package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/07/30 for v3.1
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/07/30 for v3.1a
 
 #include:l3keys2e
 #include:luatexbase
 #include:luacode
 #include:xcolor
+#include:amstext
 
 #keyvals:\usepackage/piton#c
 footnote
@@ -169,7 +170,6 @@ Keyword7=%<formatting%>
 Keyword8=%<formatting%>
 Keyword9=%<formatting%>
 ParseAgain.noCR=%<formatting%>
-ParseAgain=%<formatting%>
 Prompt=%<formatting%>
 Tag=%<formatting%>
 #endkeyvals
@@ -220,7 +220,6 @@ Keyword7
 Keyword8
 Keyword9
 ParseAgain.noCR
-ParseAgain
 Prompt
 Tag
 #endkeyvals
diff --git a/completion/simpleicons.cwl b/completion/simpleicons.cwl
index 130e7b940..08412c148 100644
--- a/completion/simpleicons.cwl
+++ b/completion/simpleicons.cwl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # simpleicons package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/02 for v13.3.0
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/09 for v13.4.0
 
 #include:iftex
 
@@ -1729,6 +1729,7 @@ milanote
 milvus
 minds
 minetest
+mingww64
 mini
 minio
 mintlify
diff --git a/completion/subeqnarray.cwl b/completion/subeqnarray.cwl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb9e8b053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/completion/subeqnarray.cwl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# subeqnarray package
+# Matthew Bertucci for v2.1e
+
+\thesubequation#*
+\slabel{label}#l
+\begin{subeqnarray}#\math,array
+\end{subeqnarray}
+\begin{subeqnarray*}#\math,array
+\end{subeqnarray*}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/completion/tablvar.cwl b/completion/tablvar.cwl
index 29ae06c2c..69f92ca00 100644
--- a/completion/tablvar.cwl
+++ b/completion/tablvar.cwl
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # tablvar package
-# Matthew Bertucci 2023/12/26 for v2.0
+# Matthew Bertucci 2024/08/13 for v2.1
 
 #include:array
-#include:ifpdf
+#include:iftex
 #include:ifthen
 #include:multido
 #include:pst-node
@@ -31,13 +31,16 @@ tikz
 \bas{label}#t
 \bb#t
 \bblim{ligne1}{label1}{ligne2}{label2}#t
+\bblim*{label1}{label2}#t
 \discont#t
 \hachure{llx,lly}{urx,ury}
 \haut{label}#t
 \limd[pos%keyvals]{ligne}{valeur}
 \limd{ligne}{valeur}
+\limd*{valeur}
 \limg[pos%keyvals]{ligne}{valeur}
 \limg{ligne}{valeur}
+\limg*{valeur}
 \mil{label}#t
 \pos*{ligne}{valeur}#t
 \pos[align%keyvals]{ligne}{valeur}#t
@@ -86,6 +89,8 @@ r
 \intervalwidth#*
 \limsep#*
 \noeud{name}{label}#*
+\rowbottomsep#*
+\rowtopsep#*
 \tablvarinit{number}#*
 \tablvarstretch#*
 \themaxdiscont#*

From f21a6555cbbfa96b434c5e24ced8b1cfe1e4a79f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: octaeder <102688820+octaeder@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2024 20:38:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] Update latex2e.html (#3765)

---
 utilities/latex2e.html | 14734 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 7864 insertions(+), 6870 deletions(-)

diff --git a/utilities/latex2e.html b/utilities/latex2e.html
index 9671128a7..66433b37e 100644
--- a/utilities/latex2e.html
+++ b/utilities/latex2e.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
-<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 7.0.1, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
+<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 7.1, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a
-document preparation system, version of January 2023.
+document preparation system, version of May 2024.
 
 This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the
 VMS Help Library.  The pre-translation version was written by
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
 
 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. -->
-<title>LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (January 2023)</title>
+<title>LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2024)</title>
 
-<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (January 2023)">
-<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (January 2023)">
+<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2024)">
+<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (May 2024)">
 <meta name="resource-type" content="document">
 <meta name="distribution" content="global">
 <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
@@ -66,12 +66,11 @@
 kbd.kbd {font-style: oblique}
 kbd.key {font-style: normal}
 span.r {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal}
-span.w-nolinebreak-text {white-space: nowrap}
 span:hover a.copiable-link {visibility: visible}
 td.printindex-index-entry {vertical-align: top}
-td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top}
+td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top; padding-left: 1em}
 th.entries-header-printindex {text-align:left}
-th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left}
+th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left; padding-left: 1em}
 ul.mark-bullet {list-style-type: disc}
 ul.toc-numbered-mark {list-style: none}
 BODY {
@@ -109,31 +108,36 @@
 
 
 
+
+
+
+
 <div class='intro'> <p>This is an unofficial reference manual for
 LaTeX.  See below for the <a href='#SEC_Overview'>Table of Contents</a>. 
 If you want a tutorial then please instead visit <a
-href="https://www.learnlatex.org/"><code>learnlatex.org</code></a> or <a
-href='https://ctan.org/topic/tut-latex'>this list</a>.</p>
+href="https://www.learnlatex.org/"><code>learnlatex.org</code></a> or
+see <a href='https://ctan.org/topic/tut-latex'>this long list</a>.</p>
 
 <p>This manual has two versions.  One has <a
 href="https://latexref.xyz/">separate web pages for each section or
 subsection</a>.  It's also available as a <a
 href="https://latexref.xyz/dev/latex2e.html">single web page</a> and as
-a <a href="https://latexref.xyz/dev/latex2e.pdf">pdf</a>.  Note that
-there is also a separately-maintained <a
-href="https://latexref.xyz/fr/">French edition</a>.</p>
+a <a href="https://latexref.xyz/dev/latex2e.pdf">pdf</a>.
+Translations to French and Spanish are available at
+<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/latex2e-help-texinfo">https://ctan.org/pkg/latex2e-help-texinfo</a>; they're maintained
+separately.
 
 <p> This document is not official.  It has not been reviewed by the
-LaTeX maintainers.  Our goal is to cover all (non-private) LaTeX
-commands.  Your comments and contributions, including bug reports, are
-very welcome.  See <a href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/'>our project
-page</a> for more, including <a
-href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/#license'>license information</a> and
-information on how you can
-<a href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/writing.html'>contribute to this manual</a>
-as well as
-<a href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/mirroring.html'>mirror it</a>.</p>
-<!-- End of opening header -->
+LaTeX maintainers.  Our ultimate goal is to cover all (non-private)
+LaTeX commands.  Your comments and contributions, including bug
+reports, are very welcome.  See <a
+href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/'>our project page</a> for more,
+including <a href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/#license'>license
+information</a> and information on how you can <a
+href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/writing.html'>contribute to this
+manual</a> as well as <a
+href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/mirroring.html'>mirror it</a>.</p> <!--
+End of opening header -->
 
 
 
@@ -144,12 +148,50 @@
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="n" rel="next">About this document</a>, Up: <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h1 class="top" id="LaTeX2e_003a-An-unofficial-reference-manual">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</h1>
+<h1 class="top" id="LaTeX2e_003a-An-unofficial-reference-manual"><span>LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual<a class="copiable-link" href="#LaTeX2e_003a-An-unofficial-reference-manual"> &para;</a></span></h1>
 
 <p>This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of
-January 2023) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
+May 2024) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
 </p>
 
+<div class="element-shortcontents" id="SEC_Shortcontents">
+<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2>
+
+<div class="shortcontents">
+<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
+<li><a id="stoc-About-this-document-1" href="#toc-About-this-document-1">1 About this document</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#toc-Overview-of-LaTeX">2 Overview of LaTeX</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Document-classes-1" href="#toc-Document-classes-1">3 Document classes</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Fonts-1" href="#toc-Fonts-1">4 Fonts</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Layout-1" href="#toc-Layout-1">5 Layout</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Sectioning-1" href="#toc-Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Cross-references-1" href="#toc-Cross-references-1">7 Cross references</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Environments-1" href="#toc-Environments-1">8 Environments</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Line-breaking-1" href="#toc-Line-breaking-1">9 Line breaking</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Page-breaking-1" href="#toc-Page-breaking-1">10 Page breaking</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Footnotes-1" href="#toc-Footnotes-1">11 Footnotes</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Definitions-1" href="#toc-Definitions-1">12 Definitions</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Counters-1" href="#toc-Counters-1">13 Counters</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Lengths-1" href="#toc-Lengths-1">14 Lengths</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#toc-Making-paragraphs-1">15 Making paragraphs</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Math-formulas-1" href="#toc-Math-formulas-1">16 Math formulas</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Modes-1" href="#toc-Modes-1">17 Modes</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Page-styles-1" href="#toc-Page-styles-1">18 Page styles</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Spaces-1" href="#toc-Spaces-1">19 Spaces</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Boxes-1" href="#toc-Boxes-1">20 Boxes</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Graphics-1" href="#toc-Graphics-1">21 Graphics</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Color-1" href="#toc-Color-1">22 Color</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Special-insertions-1" href="#toc-Special-insertions-1">23 Special insertions</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#toc-Splitting-the-input-1">24 Splitting the input</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#toc-Front_002fback-matter-1">25 Front/back matter</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Letters-1" href="#toc-Letters-1">26 Letters</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Input_002foutput-1" href="#toc-Input_002foutput-1">27 Input/output</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Command-line-interface-1" href="#toc-Command-line-interface-1">28 Command line interface</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Document-templates-1" href="#toc-Document-templates-1">Appendix A Document templates</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Index-1" href="#toc-Index-1" rel="index">Index</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
 <div class="element-contents" id="SEC_Contents">
 <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
 
@@ -162,18 +204,24 @@ <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
     <li><a id="toc-Starting-and-ending-1" href="#Starting-and-ending">2.1 Starting and ending</a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-Output-files-1" href="#Output-files">2.2 Output files</a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-TeX-engines-1" href="#TeX-engines">2.3 TeX engines</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-LaTeX-command-syntax-1" href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">2.4 LaTeX command syntax</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-Environment-1" href="#Environment">2.5 Environment</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-CTAN_003a-The-Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-Network" href="#CTAN">2.6 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-Input-text-1" href="#Input-text">2.4 Input text</a>
+    <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
+      <li><a id="toc-Input-encodings-1" href="#Input-encodings">2.4.1 Input encodings</a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-Ligatures-1" href="#Ligatures">2.4.2 Ligatures</a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-Special-characters_003a-_005c-_007b-_007d-_0025-_0024-_0026-_005f-_005e-_0023-_007e" href="#Special-characters">2.4.3 Special characters: <code class="code">\ { } % $ &amp; _ ^ # ~</code></a></li>
+    </ul></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-LaTeX-command-syntax-1" href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">2.5 LaTeX command syntax</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-Environment-syntax-1" href="#Environment-syntax">2.6 Environment syntax</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-_005cDocumentMetadata_003a-Producing-tagged-PDF-output" href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">2.7 <code class="code">\DocumentMetadata</code>: Producing tagged PDF output</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-CTAN_003a-The-Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-Network" href="#CTAN">2.8 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a></li>
   </ul></li>
   <li><a id="toc-Document-classes-1" href="#Document-classes">3 Document classes</a>
   <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
     <li><a id="toc-Document-class-options-1" href="#Document-class-options">3.1 Document class options</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-Additional-packages-1" href="#Additional-packages">3.2 Additional packages</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-Class-and-package-construction-1" href="#Class-and-package-construction">3.3 Class and package construction</a>
+    <li><a id="toc-_005cusepackage_003a-Additional-packages" href="#g_t_005cusepackage">3.2 <code class="code">\usepackage</code>: Additional packages</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-Class-and-package-creation-1" href="#Class-and-package-creation">3.3 Class and package creation</a>
     <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
       <li><a id="toc-Class-and-package-structure-1" href="#Class-and-package-structure">3.3.1 Class and package structure</a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-Class-and-package-commands-1" href="#Class-and-package-commands">3.3.2 Class and package commands</a></li>
     </ul></li>
   </ul></li>
   <li><a id="toc-Fonts-1" href="#Fonts">4 Fonts</a>
@@ -218,7 +266,7 @@ <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
     <li><a id="toc-_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubparagraph" href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">6.5 <code class="code">\subsubsection</code>, <code class="code">\paragraph</code>, <code class="code">\subparagraph</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cappendix-1" href="#g_t_005cappendix">6.6 <code class="code">\appendix</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cfrontmatter_002c-_005cmainmatter_002c-_005cbackmatter" href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">6.7 <code class="code">\frontmatter</code>, <code class="code">\mainmatter</code>, <code class="code">\backmatter</code></a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-_005c_0040startsection_002c-typesetting-sectional-unit-headings" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">6.8 <code class="code">\@startsection</code>, typesetting sectional unit headings</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-_005c_0040startsection_003a-Typesetting-sectional-unit-headings" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">6.8 <code class="code">\@startsection</code>: Typesetting sectional unit headings</a></li>
   </ul></li>
   <li><a id="toc-Cross-references-1" href="#Cross-references">7 Cross references</a>
   <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
@@ -317,13 +365,14 @@ <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1" href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">9.2 <code class="code">\obeycr</code> &amp; <code class="code">\restorecr</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cnewline-1" href="#g_t_005cnewline">9.3 <code class="code">\newline</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029" href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">9.4 <code class="code">\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-_005cdiscretionary-_0028generalized-hyphenation-point_0029" href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">9.5 <code class="code">\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy-1" href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">9.6 <code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code></a>
+    <li><a id="toc-_005cslash_003a-breakable-_002f" href="#g_t_005cslash">9.5 <code class="code">\slash</code>: breakable &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo;</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-_005cdiscretionary-_0028generalized-hyphenation-point_0029" href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">9.6 <code class="code">\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy-1" href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">9.7 <code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code></a>
     <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
-      <li><a id="toc-sloppypar-1" href="#sloppypar">9.6.1 <code class="code">sloppypar</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-sloppypar-1" href="#sloppypar">9.7.1 <code class="code">sloppypar</code></a></li>
     </ul></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-_005chyphenation-1" href="#g_t_005chyphenation">9.7 <code class="code">\hyphenation</code></a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1" href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">9.8 <code class="code">\linebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nolinebreak</code></a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-_005chyphenation-1" href="#g_t_005chyphenation">9.8 <code class="code">\hyphenation</code></a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1" href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">9.9 <code class="code">\linebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nolinebreak</code></a></li>
   </ul></li>
   <li><a id="toc-Page-breaking-1" href="#Page-breaking">10 Page breaking</a>
   <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
@@ -358,7 +407,27 @@ <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cnewfont-1" href="#g_t_005cnewfont">12.10 <code class="code">\newfont</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cprotect-1" href="#g_t_005cprotect">12.11 <code class="code">\protect</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend-1" href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">12.12 <code class="code">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</code></a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-xspace-package-1" href="#xspace-package">12.13 xspace package</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-xspace-package-1" href="#xspace-package">12.13 <code class="code">xspace</code> package</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-Class-and-package-commands-1" href="#Class-and-package-commands">12.14 Class and package commands</a>
+    <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi-1" href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi">12.14.1 <code class="code">\AtBeginDvi</code> &amp; <code class="code">\AtEndDvi</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage-1" href="#g_t_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage">12.14.2 <code class="code">\AtEndOfClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\AtEndOfPackage</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cCheckCommand-1" href="#g_t_005cCheckCommand">12.14.3 <code class="code">\CheckCommand</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others-1" href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">12.14.4 <code class="code">\ClassError</code> and <code class="code">\PackageError</code> and others</a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cCurrentOption-1" href="#g_t_005cCurrentOption">12.14.5 <code class="code">\CurrentOption</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cDeclareOption-1" href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption">12.14.6 <code class="code">\DeclareOption</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cDeclareRobustCommand-1" href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">12.14.7 <code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cExecuteOptions-1" href="#g_t_005cExecuteOptions">12.14.8 <code class="code">\ExecuteOptions</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists-1" href="#g_t_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists">12.14.9 <code class="code">\IfFileExists</code> &amp; <code class="code">\InputIfFileExists</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions-1" href="#g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions">12.14.10 <code class="code">\LoadClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\LoadClassWithOptions</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cNeedsTeXFormat-1" href="#g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat">12.14.11 <code class="code">\NeedsTeXFormat</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cOptionNotUsed-1" href="#g_t_005cOptionNotUsed">12.14.12 <code class="code">\OptionNotUsed</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage-1" href="#g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage">12.14.13 <code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cProcessOptions-1" href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions">12.14.14 <code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage-1" href="#g_t_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage">12.14.15 <code class="code">\ProvidesClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvidesPackage</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cProvidesFile-1" href="#g_t_005cProvidesFile">12.14.16 <code class="code">\ProvidesFile</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cRequirePackage-_0026-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions-1" href="#g_t_005cRequirePackage-_0026-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions">12.14.17 <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> &amp; <code class="code">\RequirePackageWithOptions</code></a></li>
+    </ul></li>
   </ul></li>
   <li><a id="toc-Counters-1" href="#Counters">13 Counters</a>
   <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
@@ -412,7 +481,7 @@ <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
     </ul></li>
     <li><a id="toc-Math-functions-1" href="#Math-functions">16.3 Math functions</a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-Math-accents-1" href="#Math-accents">16.4 Math accents</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-Over_002d-and-Underlining-1" href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">16.5 Over- and Underlining</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-Over_002d-or-under-math-1" href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">16.5 Over- or under math</a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-Spacing-in-math-mode-1" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">16.6 Spacing in math mode</a>
     <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
       <li><a id="toc-_005csmash-1" href="#g_t_005csmash">16.6.1 <code class="code">\smash</code></a></li>
@@ -439,6 +508,7 @@ <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cpagenumbering-1" href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">18.2 <code class="code">\pagenumbering</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cpagestyle-1" href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">18.3 <code class="code">\pagestyle</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cthispagestyle-1" href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">18.4 <code class="code">\thispagestyle</code></a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-_005cthepage-1" href="#g_t_005cthepage">18.5 <code class="code">\thepage</code></a></li>
   </ul></li>
   <li><a id="toc-Spaces-1" href="#Spaces">19 Spaces</a>
   <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
@@ -453,7 +523,7 @@ <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
       <li><a id="toc-_005cnormalsfcodes-1" href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">19.5.3 <code class="code">\normalsfcodes</code></a></li>
     </ul></li>
     <li><a id="toc-Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-" href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">19.6 Backslash-space, <code class="code">\ </code></a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-_007e-1" href="#g_t_007e">19.7 <code class="code">~</code></a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-_007e_002c-_005cnobreakspace" href="#g_t_007e">19.7 <code class="code">~</code>, <code class="code">\nobreakspace</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace-1" href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">19.8 <code class="code">\thinspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\negthinspace</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005c_002f-1" href="#g_t_005c_002f">19.9 <code class="code">\/</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill-1" href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">19.10 <code class="code">\hrulefill</code> &amp; <code class="code">\dotfill</code></a></li>
@@ -474,38 +544,38 @@ <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
     <li><a id="toc-lrbox-1" href="#lrbox">20.6 <code class="code">lrbox</code></a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-_005cusebox-1" href="#g_t_005cusebox">20.7 <code class="code">\usebox</code></a></li>
   </ul></li>
-  <li><a id="toc-Color-1" href="#Color">21 Color</a>
+  <li><a id="toc-Graphics-1" href="#Graphics">21 Graphics</a>
   <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
-    <li><a id="toc-color-package-options" href="#Color-package-options">21.1 <code class="code">color</code> package options</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-Color-models-1" href="#Color-models">21.2 Color models</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-Commands-for-color-1" href="#Commands-for-color">21.3 Commands for color</a>
+    <li><a id="toc-graphics-package-options" href="#Graphics-package-options">21.1 <code class="code">graphics</code> package options</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-graphics-package-configuration" href="#Graphics-package-configuration">21.2 <code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a>
     <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
-      <li><a id="toc-Define-colors-1" href="#Define-colors">21.3.1 Define colors</a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-Colored-text-1" href="#Colored-text">21.3.2 Colored text</a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-Colored-boxes-1" href="#Colored-boxes">21.3.3 Colored boxes</a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-Colored-pages-1" href="#Colored-pages">21.3.4 Colored pages</a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cgraphicspath-1" href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath">21.2.1 <code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions-1" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">21.2.2 <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cDeclareGraphicsRule-1" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule">21.2.3 <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a></li>
     </ul></li>
-  </ul></li>
-  <li><a id="toc-Graphics-1" href="#Graphics">22 Graphics</a>
-  <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
-    <li><a id="toc-graphics-package-options" href="#Graphics-package-options">22.1 <code class="code">graphics</code> package options</a></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-graphics-package-configuration" href="#Graphics-package-configuration">22.2 <code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a>
+    <li><a id="toc-Commands-for-graphics-1" href="#Commands-for-graphics">21.3 Commands for graphics</a>
     <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
-      <li><a id="toc-_005cgraphicspath-1" href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath">22.2.1 <code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions-1" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">22.2.2 <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005cDeclareGraphicsRule-1" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule">22.2.3 <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cincludegraphics-1" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">21.3.1 <code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005crotatebox-1" href="#g_t_005crotatebox">21.3.2 <code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cscalebox-1" href="#g_t_005cscalebox">21.3.3 <code class="code">\scalebox</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-_005cresizebox-1" href="#g_t_005cresizebox">21.3.4 <code class="code">\resizebox</code></a></li>
     </ul></li>
-    <li><a id="toc-Commands-for-graphics-1" href="#Commands-for-graphics">22.3 Commands for graphics</a>
+  </ul></li>
+  <li><a id="toc-Color-1" href="#Color">22 Color</a>
+  <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
+    <li><a id="toc-color-package-options" href="#Color-package-options">22.1 <code class="code">color</code> package options</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-Color-models-1" href="#Color-models">22.2 Color models</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-Commands-for-color-1" href="#Commands-for-color">22.3 Commands for color</a>
     <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
-      <li><a id="toc-_005cincludegraphics-1" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">22.3.1 <code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005crotatebox-1" href="#g_t_005crotatebox">22.3.2 <code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005cscalebox-1" href="#g_t_005cscalebox">22.3.3 <code class="code">\scalebox</code></a></li>
-      <li><a id="toc-_005cresizebox-1" href="#g_t_005cresizebox">22.3.4 <code class="code">\resizebox</code></a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-Define-colors-1" href="#Define-colors">22.3.1 Define colors</a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-Colored-text-1" href="#Colored-text">22.3.2 Colored text</a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-Colored-boxes-1" href="#Colored-boxes">22.3.3 Colored boxes</a></li>
+      <li><a id="toc-Colored-pages-1" href="#Colored-pages">22.3.4 Colored pages</a></li>
     </ul></li>
   </ul></li>
   <li><a id="toc-Special-insertions-1" href="#Special-insertions">23 Special insertions</a>
   <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
-    <li><a id="toc-Reserved-characters-1" href="#Reserved-characters">23.1 Reserved characters</a></li>
+    <li><a id="toc-Printing-special-characters-1" href="#Printing-special-characters">23.1 Printing special characters</a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-Upper-and-lower-case-1" href="#Upper-and-lower-case">23.2 Upper and lower case</a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-Symbols-by-font-position-1" href="#Symbols-by-font-position">23.3 Symbols by font position</a></li>
     <li><a id="toc-Text-symbols-1" href="#Text-symbols">23.4 Text symbols</a></li>
@@ -594,51 +664,13 @@ <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>
-<div class="element-shortcontents" id="SEC_Shortcontents">
-<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2>
-
-<div class="shortcontents">
-<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
-<li><a id="stoc-About-this-document-1" href="#toc-About-this-document-1">1 About this document</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#toc-Overview-of-LaTeX">2 Overview of LaTeX</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Document-classes-1" href="#toc-Document-classes-1">3 Document classes</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Fonts-1" href="#toc-Fonts-1">4 Fonts</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Layout-1" href="#toc-Layout-1">5 Layout</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Sectioning-1" href="#toc-Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Cross-references-1" href="#toc-Cross-references-1">7 Cross references</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Environments-1" href="#toc-Environments-1">8 Environments</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Line-breaking-1" href="#toc-Line-breaking-1">9 Line breaking</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Page-breaking-1" href="#toc-Page-breaking-1">10 Page breaking</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Footnotes-1" href="#toc-Footnotes-1">11 Footnotes</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Definitions-1" href="#toc-Definitions-1">12 Definitions</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Counters-1" href="#toc-Counters-1">13 Counters</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Lengths-1" href="#toc-Lengths-1">14 Lengths</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#toc-Making-paragraphs-1">15 Making paragraphs</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Math-formulas-1" href="#toc-Math-formulas-1">16 Math formulas</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Modes-1" href="#toc-Modes-1">17 Modes</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Page-styles-1" href="#toc-Page-styles-1">18 Page styles</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Spaces-1" href="#toc-Spaces-1">19 Spaces</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Boxes-1" href="#toc-Boxes-1">20 Boxes</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Color-1" href="#toc-Color-1">21 Color</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Graphics-1" href="#toc-Graphics-1">22 Graphics</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Special-insertions-1" href="#toc-Special-insertions-1">23 Special insertions</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#toc-Splitting-the-input-1">24 Splitting the input</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#toc-Front_002fback-matter-1">25 Front/back matter</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Letters-1" href="#toc-Letters-1">26 Letters</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Input_002foutput-1" href="#toc-Input_002foutput-1">27 Input/output</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Command-line-interface-1" href="#toc-Command-line-interface-1">28 Command line interface</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Document-templates-1" href="#toc-Document-templates-1">Appendix A Document templates</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Index-1" href="#toc-Index-1" rel="index">Index</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</div>
 <hr>
 <div class="chapter-level-extent" id="About-this-document">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="n" rel="next">Overview of LaTeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="About-this-document-1">1 About this document</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="About-this-document-1"><span>1 About this document<a class="copiable-link" href="#About-this-document-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-home-page-for-manual"></a>
 <p>This is an unofficial reference manual for the LaTeX2e document
@@ -668,27 +700,28 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="About-this-document-1">1 About this document</h2>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-reporting-bugs"></a>
 Do not send bug reports or anything else about this document to them.
 Instead, please send all comments to <a class="email" href="mailto:latexrefman@tug.org">latexrefman@tug.org</a>.
+This is a public list; you can (un)subscribe, view the archives, etc.,
+at <a class="url" href="https://lists.tug.org/latexrefman">https://lists.tug.org/latexrefman</a>.
 </p>
 <p>This document is a reference, not a tutorial.  There is a vast array
 of other information available about LaTeX, at all levels.  Here
 are a few introductions.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-latex_002ddoc_002dptr-document'><span><a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr">https://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr</a><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-latex_002ddoc_002dptr-document'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-latex_002ddoc_002dptr-document"></a><span><a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr">https://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr</a><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-latex_002ddoc_002dptr-document"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-first_002dlatex_002ddoc-document'><span><a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc">https://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc</a><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-first_002dlatex_002ddoc-document'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-first_002dlatex_002ddoc-document"></a><span><a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc">https://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc</a><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-first_002dlatex_002ddoc-document"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-lshort-document'><span><a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/lshort">https://ctan.org/pkg/lshort</a><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-lshort-document'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-lshort-document"></a><span><a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/lshort">https://ctan.org/pkg/lshort</a><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-lshort-document"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>A longer introduction to LaTeX, translated to many languages.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><a class="url" href="https://tug.org/begin.html">https://tug.org/begin.html</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX, with further
-references.
+<dd><p>Overview of getting started with TeX and LaTeX.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
@@ -701,7 +734,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="About-this-document-1">1 About this document</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Document classes</a>, Previous: <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="p" rel="prev">About this document</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Overview-of-LaTeX">2 Overview of LaTeX</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Overview-of-LaTeX"><span>2 Overview of LaTeX<a class="copiable-link" href="#Overview-of-LaTeX"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-overview-of-LaTeX"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-basics-of-LaTeX"></a>
@@ -721,11 +754,12 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Overview-of-LaTeX">2 Overview of LaTeX</h2>
 UTF-8 (as of 2018). The commands specify, for example, how the text
 should be formatted. 
 </p>
-<p>LaTeX is implemented as a set of related so-called &ldquo;macros&rdquo; which
-use Donald&nbsp;E. Knuth&rsquo;s TeX typesetting program or one of its
-derivatives, collectively known as &ldquo;engines&rdquo;. Thus, the user
-produces output, typically PDF, by giving the input file to a TeX
-engine. (The following sections describe all this in more detail.)
+<p>LaTeX is implemented as a set of so-called &ldquo;macros&rdquo; (a TeX
+<em class="dfn">format</em>) which use Donald&nbsp;E. Knuth&rsquo;s TeX typesetting
+program or one of its derivatives, collectively known as
+&ldquo;engines&rdquo;. Thus, the user produces output, typically PDF, by giving
+the input file to a TeX engine. The following sections describe
+all this in more detail.
 </p>
 <p>The term LaTeX is also sometimes used to mean the language in which
 the input document is marked up, that is, to mean the set of commands
@@ -744,9 +778,11 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Overview-of-LaTeX">2 Overview of LaTeX</h2>
 <li><a href="#Starting-and-ending" accesskey="1">Starting and ending</a></li>
 <li><a href="#Output-files" accesskey="2">Output files</a></li>
 <li><a href="#TeX-engines" accesskey="3">TeX engines</a></li>
-<li><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax" accesskey="4">LaTeX command syntax</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Environment" accesskey="5">Environment</a></li>
-<li><a href="#CTAN" accesskey="6">CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Input-text" accesskey="4">Input text</a></li>
+<li><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax" accesskey="5">LaTeX command syntax</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Environment-syntax" accesskey="6">Environment syntax</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata" accesskey="7"><code class="code">\DocumentMetadata</code>: Producing tagged PDF output</a></li>
+<li><a href="#CTAN" accesskey="8">CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="Starting-and-ending">
@@ -754,14 +790,14 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Overview-of-LaTeX">2 Overview of LaTeX</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Output-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Output files</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Starting-and-ending-1">2.1 Starting and ending</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Starting-and-ending-1"><span>2.1 Starting and ending<a class="copiable-link" href="#Starting-and-ending-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="Starting-_0026-ending"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-starting-and-ending"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ending-and-starting"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hello_002c-world"></a>
 
 <p>LaTeX files have a simple global structure, with a standard beginning
-and ending.  This is a small example.
+and ending.  Here is a small example:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\documentclass{article}
@@ -774,21 +810,22 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Starting-and-ending-1">2.1 Starting and ending</h3>
 <code class="code">\end{document}</code> line.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-document-class_002c-defined"></a>
-<p>Here, the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">article</samp>&rsquo; is the <em class="dfn">document class</em>.  It is implemented
-in a file <samp class="file">article.cls</samp>.  You can use any document class on your
-system.  A few document classes are defined by LaTeX itself, and vast
-array of others are widely available.  See <a class="xref" href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a>.
+<p>Here, the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">article</samp>&rsquo; is the <em class="dfn">document class</em>.  It is
+implemented in a file <samp class="file">article.cls</samp>.  You can use any document
+class available on your system.  A few document classes are defined by
+LaTeX itself, and a vast array of others are available.
+See <a class="xref" href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a>.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-preamble_002c-defined"></a>
 <p>You can include other LaTeX commands between the
 <code class="code">\documentclass</code> and the <code class="code">\begin{document}</code> commands.
 This area is called the <em class="dfn">preamble</em>.
 </p>
-<p>The <code class="code">\begin{document}</code>, <code class="code">\end{document}</code> pair defines an
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment"></a>
-<em class="dfn">environment</em>; the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">document</samp>&rsquo; environment (and no others) is
-required in all LaTeX documents (see <a class="pxref" href="#document"><code class="code">document</code></a>).  LaTeX make
-available to you many environments that are documented here
+<p>The <code class="code">\begin{document}</code> &hellip; <code class="code">\end{document}</code> pair
+defines an <em class="dfn">environment</em>; the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">document</samp>&rsquo; environment (and no
+others) is required in all LaTeX documents (see <a class="pxref" href="#document"><code class="code">document</code></a>).
+LaTeX provides many environments that are documented here
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#Environments">Environments</a>).  Many more are available to you from external
 packages, most importantly those available at CTAN (see <a class="pxref" href="#CTAN">CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a>).
 </p>
@@ -803,19 +840,19 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Starting-and-ending-1">2.1 Starting and ending</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#TeX-engines" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX engines</a>, Previous: <a href="#Starting-and-ending" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Starting and ending</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Output-files-1">2.2 Output files</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Output-files-1"><span>2.2 Output files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Output-files-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <p>LaTeX produces a main output file and at least two auxiliary files.
 The main output file&rsquo;s name ends in either <samp class="file">.dvi</samp> or <samp class="file">.pdf</samp>.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_002edvi-file'><span><code class="code">.dvi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002edvi-file'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-latex-command"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-latex-command"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-xdvi-command"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dvips-command"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dvipdfmx-command"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dvitype-command"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="output-files-dvi"></a><p>If LaTeX is invoked with the system command <code class="command">latex</code> then it
+<a id="index-_002edvi-file"></a><span><code class="code">.dvi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002edvi-file"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="output-files-dvi"></a><p>If LaTeX is invoked with the system command <code class="command">latex</code> then it
 produces a DeVice Independent file, with extension <samp class="file">.dvi</samp>.  You
 can view this file with a command such as <code class="command">xdvi</code>, or convert
 it to a PostScript <code class="code">.ps</code> file with <code class="command">dvips</code> or to a
@@ -825,10 +862,10 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Output-files-1">2.2 Output files</h3>
 available (<a class="url" href="https://mirror.ctan.org/dviware">https://mirror.ctan.org/dviware</a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_002epdf-file'><span><code class="code">.pdf</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002epdf-file'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pdfTeX"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pdfTeX"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pdflatex-command"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="output-files-pdf"></a><p>If LaTeX is invoked via the system command <code class="command">pdflatex</code>,
+<a id="index-_002epdf-file"></a><span><code class="code">.pdf</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002epdf-file"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="output-files-pdf"></a><p>If LaTeX is invoked via the system command <code class="command">pdflatex</code>,
 among other commands (see <a class="pxref" href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>), then the main output is
 a Portable Document Format (PDF) file.  Typically this is a
 self-contained file, with all fonts and images included.
@@ -839,20 +876,20 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Output-files-1">2.2 Output files</h3>
 <p>LaTeX always produces at least two additional files.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-transcript-file'><span><code class="code">.log</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-transcript-file'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-log-file"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-log-file"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002elog-file"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="output-files-log"></a><p>This transcript file contains summary information such as a list of
+<a id="index-transcript-file"></a><span><code class="code">.log</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-transcript-file"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="output-files-log"></a><p>This transcript file contains summary information such as a list of
 loaded packages.  It also includes diagnostic messages and perhaps
 additional information for any errors.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-auxiliary-file'><span><code class="code">.aux</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-auxiliary-file'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eaux-file"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eaux-file"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cross-references_002c-resolving"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-forward-references_002c-resolving"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-references_002c-resolving-forward"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="output-files-aux"></a><p>Auxiliary information is used by LaTeX for things such as
+<a id="index-auxiliary-file"></a><span><code class="code">.aux</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-auxiliary-file"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="output-files-aux"></a><p>Auxiliary information is used by LaTeX for things such as
 cross references.  For example, the first time that LaTeX finds a
 forward reference&mdash;a cross reference to something that has not yet
 appeared in the source&mdash;it will appear in the output as a doubled
@@ -885,9 +922,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Output-files-1">2.2 Output files</h3>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="TeX-engines">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">LaTeX command syntax</a>, Previous: <a href="#Output-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output files</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Input-text" accesskey="n" rel="next">Input text</a>, Previous: <a href="#Output-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output files</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="TeX-engines-1">2.3 TeX engines</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="TeX-engines-1"><span>2.3 TeX engines<a class="copiable-link" href="#TeX-engines-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-engines_002c-TeX"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-implementations-of-TeX"></a>
@@ -900,8 +937,8 @@ <h3 class="section" id="TeX-engines-1">2.3 TeX engines</h3>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-LaTeX-format-_0028_002efmt_0029-files"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-format-files_002c-TeX"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002efmt-file"></a>
-<p>LaTeX is a large set of commands that is executed by a TeX
-program (see <a class="pxref" href="#Overview">Overview of LaTeX</a>). Such a set of commands is called a
+<p>LaTeX is a large set of commands (macros) that is executed by a
+TeX program (see <a class="pxref" href="#Overview">Overview of LaTeX</a>). Such a set of commands is called a
 <em class="dfn">format</em>, and is embodied in a binary <code class="code">.fmt</code> file, which can
 be read much more quickly than the corresponding TeX source.
 </p>
@@ -909,8 +946,8 @@ <h3 class="section" id="TeX-engines-1">2.3 TeX engines</h3>
 commonly available (see also <a class="ref" href="#Command-line-interface">Command line interface</a>).
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-latex'><span><code class="code">latex</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-latex'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-pdflatex'><span><code class="code">pdflatex</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-pdflatex'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-latex"></a><span><code class="code">latex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-latex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-pdflatex"></a><span><code class="code">pdflatex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-pdflatex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-etex-command"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pdfTeX-engine"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-e_002dTeX"></a>
@@ -929,10 +966,11 @@ <h3 class="section" id="TeX-engines-1">2.3 TeX engines</h3>
 </p>
 <p>In other TeX distributions, <code class="command">latex</code> may invoke e-TeX
 rather than pdfTeX.  In any case, the e-TeX extensions can be
-assumed to be available in LaTeX.
+assumed to be available in LaTeX, and a few extensions beyond
+e-TeX, particularly for file manipulation.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-lualatex'><span><code class="code">lualatex</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-lualatex'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-lualatex"></a><span><code class="code">lualatex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-lualatex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-LuaTeX"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="tex-engines-lualatex"></a><p>If LaTeX is invoked via the system command <code class="command">lualatex</code>, the
 LuaTeX engine is run (<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex">https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex</a>).  This
@@ -943,7 +981,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="TeX-engines-1">2.3 TeX engines</h3>
 There is also <code class="command">dvilualatex</code> to produce a <samp class="file">.dvi</samp> file.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-xelatex'><span><code class="code">xelatex</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-xelatex'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-xelatex"></a><span><code class="code">xelatex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-xelatex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-XeTeX"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002exdv-file"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-xdvipdfmx"></a>
@@ -960,8 +998,18 @@ <h3 class="section" id="TeX-engines-1">2.3 TeX engines</h3>
 useful for debugging.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-platex'><span><code class="code">platex</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-platex'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-uplatex'><span><code class="code">uplatex</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-uplatex'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-hilatex"></a><span><code class="code">hilatex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-hilatex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-HiTeX"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-HINT-format"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mobile-output"></a>
+<p>If LaTeX is invoked via the system command <code class="command">hilatex</code>, the
+HiTeX engine is run (<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/hitex">https://ctan.org/pkg/hitex</a>).  This
+program produces its own format, named HINT, designed especially for
+high-quality typesetting on mobile devices.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-platex"></a><span><code class="code">platex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-platex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-uplatex"></a><span><code class="code">uplatex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-uplatex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>These commands provide significant additional support for Japanese and
 other languages; the <code class="code">u</code> variant supports Unicode.  See
 <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex">https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex</a> and <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex">https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex</a>.
@@ -969,16 +1017,16 @@ <h3 class="section" id="TeX-engines-1">2.3 TeX engines</h3>
 </dl>
 
 <p>As of 2019, there is a companion <code class="code">-dev</code> command and format for
-all of the above:
+all of the above, except <code class="code">hitex</code>:
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-dvilualatex_002ddev'><span><code class="code">dvilualatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-dvilualatex_002ddev'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-latex_002ddev'><span><code class="code">latex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-latex_002ddev'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-lualatex_002ddev'><span><code class="code">lualatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-lualatex_002ddev'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-pdflatex_002ddev'><span><code class="code">pdflatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-pdflatex_002ddev'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-platex_002ddev'><span><code class="code">platex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-platex_002ddev'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-uplatex_002ddev'><span><code class="code">uplatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-uplatex_002ddev'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-xelatex_002ddev'><span><code class="code">xelatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-xelatex_002ddev'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-dvilualatex_002ddev"></a><span><code class="code">dvilualatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-dvilualatex_002ddev"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-latex_002ddev"></a><span><code class="code">latex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-latex_002ddev"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-lualatex_002ddev"></a><span><code class="code">lualatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-lualatex_002ddev"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-pdflatex_002ddev"></a><span><code class="code">pdflatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-pdflatex_002ddev"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-platex_002ddev"></a><span><code class="code">platex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-platex_002ddev"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-uplatex_002ddev"></a><span><code class="code">uplatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-uplatex_002ddev"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-xelatex_002ddev"></a><span><code class="code">xelatex-dev</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-xelatex_002ddev"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-release-candidates"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-prerelease-testing"></a>
 <p>These are candidates for an upcoming LaTeX release. The main
@@ -1003,14 +1051,258 @@ <h3 class="section" id="TeX-engines-1">2.3 TeX engines</h3>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Input-text">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">LaTeX command syntax</a>, Previous: <a href="#TeX-engines" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TeX engines</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="Input-text-1"><span>2.4 Input text<a class="copiable-link" href="#Input-text-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<p>To a first approximation, most input characters in LaTeX print as
+themselves. But there are exceptions, as discussed in the following
+sections.
+</p>
+
+
+<ul class="mini-toc">
+<li><a href="#Input-encodings" accesskey="1">Input encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Ligatures" accesskey="2">Ligatures</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Special-characters" accesskey="3">Special characters: <code class="code">\ { } % $ &amp; _ ^ # ~</code></a></li>
+</ul>
+<hr>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Input-encodings">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Ligatures" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ligatures</a>, Up: <a href="#Input-text" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input text</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Input-encodings-1"><span>2.4.1 Input encodings<a class="copiable-link" href="#Input-encodings-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-character-encoding"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input-encodings"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-encodings_002c-input"></a>
+
+<p>The input to TeX (or any computer program) ultimately consists of a
+sequence of bytes. (Nowadays, a byte is almost universally an
+eight-bit number, i.e., an integer between 0 and 255, inclusive.) The
+input encoding defines how to interpret that sequence of bytes, and
+thus how LaTeX behaves.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Unicode"></a>
+<p>Today, by far the most common way to encode text is with <em class="dfn">UTF-8</em>, a
+so-called &ldquo;Unicode Transformation Format&rdquo; which specifies how to
+transform a sequence of 8-bit bytes to Unicode code points, which are
+defined independent of any particular representation. The Unicode
+encoding defines code points for virtually all characters used
+today in written text.
+</p>
+<p>When TeX was created, Unicode and UTF-8 did not exist and the 7-bit
+ASCII encoding was by far the most widely used. So TeX does not
+require Unicode for text input. UTF-8 is a superset of ASCII, so a
+pure 7-bit ASCII document is also UTF-8.
+</p>
+<p>Since 2018, the default input encoding for LaTeX is UTF-8. 
+Some methods for handling documents written in some other encoding,
+such as ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1), are explained in <a class="ref" href="#inputenc-package"><code class="code">inputenc</code> package</a>.
+</p>
+<p>You can easily find more about all these topics in any introductory
+computer text or online. For example, you might start at:
+<a class="url" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode</a>.
+</p>
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Ligatures">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Special-characters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Special characters: <code class="code">\ { } % $ &amp; _ ^ # ~</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#Input-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Input encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Input-text" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input text</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Ligatures-1"><span>2.4.2 Ligatures<a class="copiable-link" href="#Ligatures-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ligatures"></a>
+
+<p>A <em class="dfn">ligature</em> combines two or more letters (more generally,
+characters) into a single glyph.  For example, in Latin-based
+typography, the two letters &lsquo;<samp class="samp">f</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">i</samp>&rsquo; are often combined
+into the glyph &lsquo;fi&rsquo;.  
+</p>
+<p>TeX supports ligatures automatically. To continue the example, if
+the input has the word &lsquo;<samp class="samp">fine</samp>&rsquo;, written as four separate ASCII
+characters, TeX will output the word &lsquo;fine&rsquo; (with the default
+fonts), with three typeset glyphs.
+</p>
+<p>In traditional TeX, the available ligatures, if any, are defined by
+the current font.  TeX also uses the ligature mechanism to produce
+a few typographical characters which were not available in any
+computer encoding when TeX was invented.  In all, in the original
+Computer Modern fonts, the following input character sequences are
+defined to lead to ligatures:
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-f_002dligatures"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-quotation-marks_002c-as-ligatures"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quotation-marks_002c-as-ligatures"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-en_002ddash_002c-as-ligature"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-em_002ddash_002c-as-ligature"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-inverted-exclamation-mark_002c-as-ligature"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-inverted-question-mark_002c-as-ligature"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Spanish-exclamation-mark_002c-as-ligature"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Spanish-question-mark_002c-as-ligature"></a>
+
+<dl class="table">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ff</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>ff (f<span class="r"></span>f ligature, U+FB00)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">fi</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>fi (f<span class="r"></span>i ligature, U+FB01)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">fl</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>fl (f<span class="r"></span>l ligature, U+FB02)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ffi</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>ffi (f<span class="r"></span>f<span class="r"></span>i ligature, U+FB03)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ffl</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>ffl (f<span class="r"></span>f<span class="r"></span>l ligature, U+FB04)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">``</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>&ldquo; (left double quotation mark, U+201C)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">''</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>&rdquo; (right double quotation mark, U+201D)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>&ndash; (en-dash, U+2013)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">---</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>&mdash; (em-dash, U+2014)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">!`</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>!&lsquo; (inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">?`</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>?&lsquo; (inverted question mark, U+00BF)
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>(For the f-ligatures above, the text in parentheses shows the
+individual characters, so in the typeset output you can easily see the
+difference between the ligature and the original character sequence.)
+</p>
+<p>Nowadays it&rsquo;s usually possible to directly input the punctuation
+characters as Unicode characters, and LaTeX supports that (see
+previous section).  But even today, it can still often be useful to
+use the ASCII ligature input form; for example, the difference between
+an en-dash and em-dash, as a single glyph, can be all but impossible
+to discern, but the difference between two and three ASCII hyphen
+characters is clear.  Similarly with quotation marks, in some fonts.
+</p>
+<p>Thus, even the engines with native support for UTF-8, namely LuaTeX
+and XeTeX, also support the ASCII ligature input sequences by
+default, independent of the font used.  They also need to do so for
+compatibility.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-alphabetic-presentation-forms-Unicode-block"></a>
+<p>By the way, the f-ligatures are also available in Unicode (the
+&ldquo;Alphabetic Presentation Forms&rdquo; block starting at U+FB00), but it&rsquo;s
+almost never desirable to use them as input characters, since in
+principle it should be up to the typesetter and the current font
+whether to use ligatures.  Also, in practice, using them will
+typically cause searches to fail, that is, a search for the two
+characters &lsquo;<samp class="samp">fi</samp>&rsquo; will not be matched by the ligature &lsquo;fi&rsquo; at
+U+FB01.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Special-characters">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Ligatures" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ligatures</a>, Up: <a href="#Input-text" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input text</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Special-characters_003a-_005c-_007b-_007d-_0025-_0024-_0026-_005f-_005e-_0023-_007e"><span>2.4.3 Special characters: <code class="code">\ { } % $ &amp; _ ^ # ~</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#Special-characters_003a-_005c-_007b-_007d-_0025-_0024-_0026-_005f-_005e-_0023-_007e"> &para;</a></span></h4>
+
+<a class="anchor" id="Reserved-characters"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-reserved-characters_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-special-characters_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-meaning-of-special-characters"></a>
+
+<p>Besides ligatures (see previous section), a few individual characters
+have special meaning to LaTeX. They are called <em class="dfn">reserved
+characters</em> or <em class="dfn">special characters</em>.  Here they are:
+</p>
+<dl class="table">
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-backslash_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a id="index-_005c-character_002c-meaning-of"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">\</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c-character_002c-meaning-of"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Introduces a command name, as seen throughout this manual.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_007d-character_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-left-brace_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-right-brace_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-braces_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-curly-braces_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a id="index-_007b-character_002c-meaning-of"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">{</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_007b-character_002c-meaning-of"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">}</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Delimits a required argument to a command or a level of grouping, as
+seen throughout this manual.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-percent-character_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a id="index-_0025-character_002c-meaning-of"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">%</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_0025-character_002c-meaning-of"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Starts a comment: the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">%</samp>&rsquo; and all remaining characters on the
+current line are ignored.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dollar-sign-character_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a id="index-_0024-character_002c-meaning-of"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">$</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_0024-character_002c-meaning-of"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Starts and ends math mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ampersand-character_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a id="index-_0026-character_002c-meaning-of"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">&amp;</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_0026-character_002c-meaning-of"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Separates cells in a table (see <a class="pxref" href="#tabular"><code class="code">tabular</code></a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005e-character_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-underscore-character_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hat-character_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-caret-character_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a id="index-_005f-character_002c-meaning-of"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">_</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005f-character_002c-meaning-of"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">^</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Introduce a subscript or superscript, respectively, in math
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a>); they produce an error outside
+math mode.  As a little-used special feature, two superscript
+characters in a row can introduce special notation for an arbitrary
+character.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-number-sign-character-_0028_0023_0029_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sharp-character-_0028_0023_0029_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hash-character-_0028_0023_0029_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a id="index-_0023-character_002c-meaning-of"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">#</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_0023-character_002c-meaning-of"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Stands for arguments in a macro definition (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tilde-character_002c-meaning-of"></a>
+<a id="index-_007e-character_002c-meaning-of"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">~</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_007e-character_002c-meaning-of"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Produces a nonbreakable interword space (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_007e"><code class="code">~</code>, <code class="code">\nobreakspace</code></a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>See <a class="xref" href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a>, for how to typeset these
+characters when you need them literally.
+</p>
+
 <hr>
 </div>
+</div>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="LaTeX-command-syntax">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Environment" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environment</a>, Previous: <a href="#TeX-engines" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TeX engines</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Environment-syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environment syntax</a>, Previous: <a href="#Input-text" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Input text</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="LaTeX-command-syntax-1">2.4 LaTeX command syntax</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="LaTeX-command-syntax-1"><span>2.5 LaTeX command syntax<a class="copiable-link" href="#LaTeX-command-syntax-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-command-syntax"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c-character-starting-commands"></a>
@@ -1020,17 +1312,18 @@ <h3 class="section" id="LaTeX-command-syntax-1">2.4 LaTeX command syntax</h3>
 character, <code class="code">\</code>.  The name itself then consists of either
 (a)&nbsp;a string of letters or (b)&nbsp;a single non-letter.
 </p>
-<p>LaTeX commands names are case sensitive so that <code class="code">\pagebreak</code>
-differs from <code class="code">\Pagebreak</code> (the latter is not a standard command).
-Most command names are lowercase, but in any event you must enter all
-commands in the same case as they are defined.
+<p>LaTeX commands names are case sensitive; for example,
+<code class="code">\pagebreak</code> differs from <code class="code">\Pagebreak</code> (the latter is not a
+standard command).  Most command names are lowercase, but in any event
+you must enter all commands in the same case as they are defined.
 </p>
 <p>A command may be followed by zero, one, or more arguments. These
 arguments may be either required or optional.  Required arguments are
 contained in curly braces, <code class="code">{...}</code>.  Optional arguments are
 contained in square brackets, <code class="code">[...]</code>.  Generally, but not
 universally, if the command accepts an optional argument, it comes
-first, before any required arguments.
+first, before any required arguments; optional arguments could come
+after required arguments, or both before and after.
 </p>
 <p>Inside of an optional argument, to use the character close square
 bracket&nbsp;(<code class="code">]</code>) hide it inside curly braces, as
@@ -1039,10 +1332,10 @@ <h3 class="section" id="LaTeX-command-syntax-1">2.4 LaTeX command syntax</h3>
 the first character of the following text be an open square bracket,
 hide it inside curly braces.
 </p>
-<p>LaTeX has the convention that some commands have a <code class="code">*</code> form that
-is related to the form without a <code class="code">*</code>, such as <code class="code">\chapter</code> and
-<code class="code">\chapter*</code>.  The exact difference in behavior varies from command
-to command.
+<p>LaTeX has the convention that some commands have a <code class="code">*</code> form
+that is closely related to the form without a <code class="code">*</code>, such as
+<code class="code">\chapter</code> and <code class="code">\chapter*</code>.  The difference in behavior
+varies from command to command.
 </p>
 <p>This manual describes all accepted options and <code class="code">*</code>-forms for the
 commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a. bugs).
@@ -1057,17 +1350,18 @@ <h3 class="section" id="LaTeX-command-syntax-1">2.4 LaTeX command syntax</h3>
 <p>As of the 2020-10-01 release of LaTeX, the <code class="code">expl3</code> and
 <code class="code">xparse</code> packages are part of the LaTeX2e format.  They
 provide a completely different underlying programming language
-syntax. We won&rsquo;t try to cover them in this document; see the related
+syntax. We won&rsquo;t try to cover that in this document; see the related
 package documentation and other LaTeX manuals.
 </p>
+
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Environment">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Environment-syntax">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#CTAN" accesskey="n" rel="next">CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a>, Previous: <a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LaTeX command syntax</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DocumentMetadata</code>: Producing tagged PDF output</a>, Previous: <a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax" accesskey="p" rel="prev">LaTeX command syntax</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Environment-1">2.5 Environment</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Environment-syntax-1"><span>2.6 Environment syntax<a class="copiable-link" href="#Environment-syntax-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
@@ -1104,19 +1398,67 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Environment-1">2.5 Environment</h3>
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{tabular}[t]{r|l}
-  ... rows of table ...
+  ... <var class="var">rows-of-table</var> ...
 \end{tabular}
 </pre></div>
 
 
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#CTAN" accesskey="n" rel="next">CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a>, Previous: <a href="#Environment-syntax" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environment syntax</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cDocumentMetadata_003a-Producing-tagged-PDF-output"><span>2.7 <code class="code">\DocumentMetadata</code>: Producing tagged PDF output<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata_003a-Producing-tagged-PDF-output"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDocumentMetadata"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tagged-PDF"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PDF_002c-tagged"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-metadata_002c-adding"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accessibility"></a>
+
+<p>The <code class="code">\DocumentMetadata</code> command was added to LaTeX in 2022.
+It enables so-called &ldquo;tagging&rdquo; of the PDF output, aiding
+accessibility of the PDF.  It is supported best with LuaLaTeX;
+pdfLaTeX and XeLaTeX are supported as well as possible
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>).
+</p>
+<p>It is unlike nearly any other command in LaTeX in that it must
+occur before the <code class="code">\documentclass</code> command that starts a LaTeX
+document proper (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cdocumentclass">\documentclass</a>).  Therefore it must be
+called with <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> rather than <code class="code">\usepackage</code>
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cRequirePackage">\RequirePackage</a>).
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-latex_002dlab"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-latex_002dlab-package"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-documentmetadata_002dsupport_002ddoc-document"></a>
+<p>This support is still in development, so we will not try to list all 
+the possible settings. Please see the
+<code class="code">documentmetadata-support-doc</code> document, part of the
+<code class="code">latex-lab</code> package (<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/latex-lab">https://ctan.org/pkg/latex-lab</a>). Here
+is a simple example which enables most tagging currently implemented:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DocumentMetadata{testphase={phase-III,firstaid}}
+\documentclass{article}
+...
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>As you can see from the key name <code class="code">testphase</code>, this is all still
+in an experimental phase. The LaTeX developers strongly encourage
+users to give it a try and report problems, so it can be improved.
+</p>
+
 <hr>
 </div>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="CTAN">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#Environment" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environment</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DocumentMetadata</code>: Producing tagged PDF output</a>, Up: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview of LaTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="CTAN_003a-The-Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-Network">2.6 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="CTAN_003a-The-Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-Network"><span>2.8 CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network<a class="copiable-link" href="#CTAN_003a-The-Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-Network"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-CTAN"></a>
 
@@ -1131,7 +1473,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="CTAN_003a-The-Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-Network">2.6 CTA
 a package that allows authors to format papers to that publisher&rsquo;s
 specifications.
 </p>
-<p>In addition to the massive holdings, the <code class="code">ctan.org</code> web site
+<p>In addition to its massive holdings, the <code class="code">ctan.org</code> web site
 offers features such as search by name or by functionality.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-DANTE-e_002eV_002e"></a>
@@ -1157,14 +1499,15 @@ <h3 class="section" id="CTAN_003a-The-Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-Network">2.6 CTA
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Overview of LaTeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Document-classes-1">3 Document classes</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Document-classes-1"><span>3 Document classes<a class="copiable-link" href="#Document-classes-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-document-classes"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cdocumentclass"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-document-classes"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-classes-of-documents"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cdocumentclass"></a>
 
-<p>The document&rsquo;s overall class is defined with this command, which is
-normally the first command in a LaTeX source file.
+<p>The document&rsquo;s overall class is defined with the <code class="code">\documentclass</code>
+command, which is normally the first command in a LaTeX source
+file.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\documentclass[<var class="var">options</var>]{<var class="var">class</var>}
@@ -1176,8 +1519,8 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Document-classes-1">3 Document classes</h2>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-letter-class"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-slides-class"></a>
 <p>The following document <var class="var">class</var> names are built into LaTeX.
-(Many other document classes are available as separate packages;
-see <a class="pxref" href="#Overview">Overview of LaTeX</a>.)
+Many other document classes are available as separate packages
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Overview">Overview of LaTeX</a>).
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
 <dt><code class="code">article</code></dt>
@@ -1202,7 +1545,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Document-classes-1">3 Document classes</h2>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="code">slides</code></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="document-classes-slides"></a><p>For slide presentations&mdash;rarely used nowadays. The
-<code class="code">beamer</code> package is perhaps the most prevalent
+<code class="code">beamer</code> package is perhaps the most prevalent replacement
 (<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer">https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer</a>). See <a class="xref" href="#beamer-template"><code class="code">beamer</code> template</a>, for a
 small template for a beamer document.
 </p>
@@ -1215,16 +1558,16 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Document-classes-1">3 Document classes</h2>
 
 <ul class="mini-toc">
 <li><a href="#Document-class-options" accesskey="1">Document class options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Additional-packages" accesskey="2">Additional packages</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Class-and-package-construction" accesskey="3">Class and package construction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cusepackage" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\usepackage</code>: Additional packages</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Class-and-package-creation" accesskey="3">Class and package creation</a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="Document-class-options">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Additional-packages" accesskey="n" rel="next">Additional packages</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document classes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cusepackage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\usepackage</code>: Additional packages</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document classes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Document-class-options-1">3.1 Document class options</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Document-class-options-1"><span>3.1 Document class options<a class="copiable-link" href="#Document-class-options-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-document-class-options"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-document-class"></a>
@@ -1239,13 +1582,17 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Document-class-options-1">3.1 Document class options</h3
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\documentclass[<var class="var">option1</var>,<var class="var">option2</var>,...]{<var class="var">class</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
+<p>LaTeX automatically passes options specified for
+<code class="code">\documentclass</code> on to any other loaded classes that can handle
+them.
+</p>
 <p>Here is the list of the standard class options.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-10pt-option"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-11pt-option"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-12pt-option"></a>
 <p>All of the standard classes except <code class="code">slides</code> accept the following
-options for selecting the typeface size (default is <code class="code">10pt</code>):
+options for selecting the typeface size; the default is <code class="code">10pt</code>:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">10pt  11pt  12pt
@@ -1258,7 +1605,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Document-class-options-1">3.1 Document class options</h3
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-legalpaper-option"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-letterpaper-option"></a>
 <p>All of the standard classes accept these options for selecting the paper
-size (these show height by width):
+size (dimensions are listed height by width):
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
 <dt><code class="code">a4paper</code></dt>
@@ -1293,14 +1640,12 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Document-class-options-1">3.1 Document class options</h3
 
 <p>When using one of the engines pdfLaTeX, LuaLaTeX, or XeLaTeX
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>), options other than <code class="code">letterpaper</code> set
-the print area but you must also set the physical paper size.  One way
-to do that is to put <code class="code">\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth</code> and
-<code class="code">\pdfpageheight=\paperheight</code> in your document&rsquo;s preamble.
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-geometry-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-geometry-package-1"></a>
-</p>
-<p>The <code class="code">geometry</code> package provides flexible ways of setting the print
-area and physical page size.
+the print area but you must also set the physical paper size. Usually,
+the <code class="code">geometry</code> package is the best way to do that; it
+provides flexible ways of setting the print area and physical page size.
+Otherwise, setting the paper size is engine-dependent.  For example,
+with pdfLaTeX, you could include <code class="code">\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth</code> and
+<code class="code">\pdfpageheight=\paperheight</code> in the preamble.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-draft-option"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-final-option"></a>
@@ -1313,34 +1658,34 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Document-class-options-1">3.1 Document class options</h3
 <p>Miscellaneous other options:
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-black-boxes_002c-omitting'><span><code class="code">draft</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-black-boxes_002c-omitting'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-black-boxes_002c-omitting"></a><span><code class="code">draft</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-black-boxes_002c-omitting"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">final</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Mark (<code class="code">draft</code>) or do not mark (<code class="code">final</code>) overfull boxes with a
 black box in the margin; default is <code class="code">final</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-flush-left-equations'><span><code class="code">fleqn</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-flush-left-equations'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-centered-equations"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-centered-equations"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-equations_002c-flush-left-vs_002e-centered"></a>
-<p>Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
+<a id="index-flush-left-equations"></a><span><code class="code">fleqn</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-flush-left-equations"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-landscape-orientation'><span><code class="code">landscape</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-landscape-orientation'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-portrait-orientation"></a>
-<p>Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-portrait-orientation"></a>
+<a id="index-landscape-orientation"></a><span><code class="code">landscape</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-landscape-orientation"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-left_002dhand-equation-numbers'><span><code class="code">leqno</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-left_002dhand-equation-numbers'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-right_002dhand-equation-numbers"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-right_002dhand-equation-numbers"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-equation-numbers_002c-left-vs_002e-right"></a>
-<p>Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side.
+<a id="index-left_002dhand-equation-numbers"></a><span><code class="code">leqno</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-left_002dhand-equation-numbers"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-bibliography-format_002c-open'><span><code class="code">openbib</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-bibliography-format_002c-open'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-bibliography-format_002c-open"></a><span><code class="code">openbib</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-bibliography-format_002c-open"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Use &ldquo;open&rdquo; bibliography format.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-title-page_002c-separate-or-run_002din'><span><code class="code">titlepage</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-title-page_002c-separate-or-run_002din'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-title-page_002c-separate-or-run_002din"></a><span><code class="code">titlepage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-title-page_002c-separate-or-run_002din"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">notitlepage</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Specifies whether there is a separate page for the title information and
 for the abstract also, if there is one.  The default for the
@@ -1363,10 +1708,10 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Document-class-options-1">3.1 Document class options</h3
 <dd><p>Typeset in one or two columns; default is <code class="code">onecolumn</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cevensidemargin'><span><code class="code">oneside</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cevensidemargin'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005coddsidemargin"></a>
+<a id="index-_005cevensidemargin"></a><span><code class="code">oneside</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cevensidemargin"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">twoside</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005coddsidemargin"></a>
-<p>Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is <code class="code">oneside</code>, except
+<dd><p>Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is <code class="code">oneside</code>, except
 that in the <code class="code">book</code> class the default is <code class="code">twoside</code>.
 </p>
 <p>For one-sided printing, the text is centered on the page.  For two-sided
@@ -1391,43 +1736,54 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Document-class-options-1">3.1 Document class options</h3
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Additional-packages">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cusepackage">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Class-and-package-construction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Class and package construction</a>, Previous: <a href="#Document-class-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Document class options</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document classes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Class-and-package-creation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Class and package creation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Document-class-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Document class options</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document classes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Additional-packages-1">3.2 Additional packages</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cusepackage_003a-Additional-packages"><span>3.2 <code class="code">\usepackage</code>: Additional packages<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cusepackage_003a-Additional-packages"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-loading-additional-packages"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="Additional-packages"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-loading-additional-packages"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-packages_002c-loading-additional"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-additional-packages_002c-loading"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cusepackage"></a>
-<p>Load a package <var class="var">pkg</var>, with the package options given in the comma-separated
-list <var class="var">options</var>, as here.
+<p>To load a package <var class="var">pkg</var>, with the package options given in the
+comma-separated list <var class="var">options</var>:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[<var class="var">options</var>]{<var class="var">pkg</var>}.
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[<var class="var">options</var>]{<var class="var">pkg</var>}[<var class="var">mindate</var>]
 </pre></div>
 
 <p>To specify more than one package you can separate them with a comma,
 as in <code class="code">\usepackage{<var class="var">pkg1</var>,<var class="var">pkg2</var>,...}</code>, or use multiple
 <code class="code">\usepackage</code> commands.
 </p>
+<p>If the <var class="var">mindate</var> optional argument is given, LaTeX gives a
+warning if the loaded package has an earlier date, i.e., is too old.
+The <var class="var">mindate</var> argument must be in the form <code class="code">YYYY/MM/DD</code>.
+More info on this: <a class="url" href="https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/47743">https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/47743</a>.
+</p>
+<p><code class="code">\usepackage</code> must be used in the document preamble, between the
+<code class="code">\documentclass</code> declaration and the <code class="code">\begin{document}</code>.
+Occasionally it is necessary to load packages before the
+<code class="code">\documentclass</code>; see <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> for that
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cRequirePackage">\RequirePackage</a>).
+</p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-global-options-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-global"></a>
-<p>Any options given in the <code class="code">\documentclass</code> command that are unknown
-to the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
-<code class="code">\usepackage</code>.
+<p>Any options given in the global <code class="code">\documentclass</code> command that are
+unknown to the selected document class are passed on to the packages
+loaded with <code class="code">\usepackage</code>.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Class-and-package-construction">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Class-and-package-creation">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#Additional-packages" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Additional packages</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document classes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cusepackage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\usepackage</code>: Additional packages</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document classes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Class-and-package-construction-1">3.3 Class and package construction</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Class-and-package-creation-1"><span>3.3 Class and package creation<a class="copiable-link" href="#Class-and-package-creation-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-document-class-commands"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-commands_002c-document-class"></a>
@@ -1439,38 +1795,39 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Class-and-package-construction-1">3.3 Class and package
 <code class="code">smcmemo.cls</code> and begin your documents with
 <code class="code">\documentclass{smcmemo}</code>.
 </p>
-<p>What separates a package from a document class is that the commands in a
-package are useful across classes while those in a document class are
-specific to that class.  Thus, a command to set page headers is for a
-package while a command to make the page headers say <code class="code">Memo from the
-SMC Math Department</code> is for a class.
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-and-package-difference"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-difference-between-class-and-package"></a>
-</p>
-<p>Inside of a class or package file you can use the at-sign <code class="code">@</code> as a
-character in command names without having to surround the code
-containing that command with <code class="code">\makeatletter</code> and
-<code class="code">\makeatother</code>.  See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother"><code class="code">\makeatletter</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makeatother</code></a>. This allow
-you to create commands that users will not accidentally redefine.
-Another technique is to preface class- or package-specific commands with
-some string to prevent your class or package from interfering with
-others. For instance, the class <code class="code">smcmemo</code> might have commands
+<p>What separates a package from a document class is that the commands in
+a package are useful across classes while those in a document class
+are specific to that class.  Thus, a command to set page headers is
+for a package while a command to make the page headers be
+<code class="code">Memo from the SMC Math Department</code> is for a class.
+</p>
+<p>Inside of a class or package definition you can use the at-sign
+<code class="code">@</code> as a character in command names without having to surround
+the code containing that command with <code class="code">\makeatletter</code> and
+<code class="code">\makeatother</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother"><code class="code">\makeatletter</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makeatother</code></a>).  This
+allows you to create commands that users will not accidentally
+redefine.
+</p>
+<p>It is also highly desirable to prefix class- or package-specific
+commands with your package name or similar string, to prevent your
+definitions from clashing with those from other packages. For
+instance, the class <code class="code">smcmemo</code> might have commands
 <code class="code">\smc@tolist</code>, <code class="code">\smc@fromlist</code>, etc.
 </p>
 
 
-
 <ul class="mini-toc">
 <li><a href="#Class-and-package-structure" accesskey="1">Class and package structure</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="2">Class and package commands</a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
 <div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Class-and-package-structure">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Class and package commands</a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-construction" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package construction</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-creation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package creation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Class-and-package-structure-1">3.3.1 Class and package structure</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Class-and-package-structure-1"><span>3.3.1 Class and package structure<a class="copiable-link" href="#Class-and-package-structure-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-and-package-structure"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-file-layout"></a>
@@ -1481,7 +1838,8 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Class-and-package-structure-1">3.3.1 Class and packag
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package-options"></a>
 
 <p>A class file or package file typically has four parts.  
-</p><ol class="enumerate">
+</p>
+<ol class="enumerate">
 <li> In the <em class="dfn">identification part</em>, the file says that it is a LaTeX
 package or class and describes itself, using the <code class="code">\NeedsTeXFormat</code>
 and <code class="code">\ProvidesClass</code> or <code class="code">\ProvidesPackage</code> commands.
@@ -1507,6 +1865,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Class-and-package-structure-1">3.3.1 Class and packag
 fonts, and loading other files.
 </li></ol>
 
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-file-example"></a>
 <p>Here is a starting class file, which should be saved as <samp class="file">stub.cls</samp>
 where LaTeX can find it, for example in the same directory as the
 <samp class="file">.tex</samp> file.
@@ -1518,482 +1877,69 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Class-and-package-structure-1">3.3.1 Class and packag
 \ProcessOptions\relax
 \LoadClass{article}
 </pre></div>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-file-example"></a>
 
 <p>It identifies itself, handles the class options via the default of
 passing them all to the <code class="code">article</code> class, and then loads the
 <code class="code">article</code> class to provide the basis for this class&rsquo;s code.
 </p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-clsguide-document"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Class-Guide_002c-document"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-writing-tutorial-document"></a>
 <p>For more, see the official guide for class and package writers, the
-Class Guide, at
-<a class="url" href="https://www.latex-project.org/help/documentation/clsguide.pdf">https://www.latex-project.org/help/documentation/clsguide.pdf</a> (much
-of the descriptions here derive from this document), or the tutorial
-<a class="url" href="https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb26-3/tb84heff.pdf">https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb26-3/tb84heff.pdf</a>.
+Class Guide, at <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/clsguide">https://ctan.org/pkg/clsguide</a> (much of the
+description here derives from this document), or the tutorial at
+<a class="url" href="https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb26-3/tb84heff.pdf">https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb26-3/tb84heff.pdf</a>.
+</p>
+<p>See <a class="xref" href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a>, for some of the commands
+specifically intended for class and package writers.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Class-and-package-commands">
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Fonts">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#Class-and-package-structure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Class and package structure</a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-construction" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package construction</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="n" rel="next">Layout</a>, Previous: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Document classes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Class-and-package-commands-1">3.3.2 Class and package commands</h4>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-and-package-commands"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-commands_002c-class-and-package"></a>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Fonts-1"><span>4 Fonts<a class="copiable-link" href="#Fonts-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
+<a class="anchor" id="Typefaces"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-typefaces"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fonts"></a>
 
-<p>These are the commands designed to help writers of classes or packages.
+<p>LaTeX comes with powerful font capacities.  For one thing, its New
+Font Selection Scheme allows you to work easily with the font families
+in your document (for instance, see&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a>).  And,
+LaTeX documents can use most fonts that are available today,
+including versions of Times Roman, Helvetica, Courier, etc.  (Note,
+though, that many fonts do not have support for mathematics.)
 </p>
-<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_005cAtBeginDvi'><span><code class="code">\AtBeginDvi{specials}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cAtBeginDvi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Save in a box register things that are written to the <samp class="file">.dvi</samp> file
-at the beginning of the shipout of the first page of the document.
+<p>The first typeface in the TeX world was the Computer Modern family,
+developed by Donald Knuth.  It is the default for LaTeX documents and
+is still the most widely used.  But changing to another font often only
+involves a few commands.  For instance, putting the following in your
+preamble gives you a Palatino-like font, which is handsome and more
+readable online than many other fonts, while still allowing you to
+typeset mathematics.  (This example is from Michael Sharpe,
+<a class="url" href="https://math.ucsd.edu/~msharpe/RcntFnts.pdf">https://math.ucsd.edu/~msharpe/RcntFnts.pdf</a>.)
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cAtEndOfClass'><span><code class="code">\AtEndOfClass{<var class="var">code</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cAtEndOfClass'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\AtEndOfPackage{<var class="var">code</var>}</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAtEndOfPackage"></a>
-<p>Hook to insert <var class="var">code</var> to be executed when LaTeX finishes
-processing the current class or package.  You can use these hooks
-multiple times; the <code class="code">code</code> will be executed in the order that you
-called it.  See also <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDocument"><code class="code">\AtBeginDocument</code></a>.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[osf]{newpxtext} % osf for text, not math
+\usepackage{cabin} % sans serif
+\usepackage[varqu,varl]{inconsolata} % sans serif typewriter
+\usepackage[bigdelims,vvarbb]{newpxmath} % bb from STIX
+\usepackage[cal=boondoxo]{mathalfa} % mathcal
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In addition, the <code class="command">xelatex</code> or <code class="command">lualatex</code> engines allow
+you to use any fonts on your system that are in OpenType or TrueType
+format (see <a class="pxref" href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>).
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cCheckCommand'><span><code class="code">\CheckCommand{<var class="var">cmd</var>}[<var class="var">num</var>][<var class="var">default</var>]{<var class="var">definition</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cCheckCommand'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\CheckCommand*{<var class="var">cmd</var>}[<var class="var">num</var>][<var class="var">default</var>]{<var class="var">definition</var>}</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cCheckCommand_002a"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-new-command_002c-checking"></a>
-<p>Like <code class="code">\newcommand</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a>) but does
-not define <var class="var">cmd</var>; instead it checks that the current definition of
-<var class="var">cmd</var> is exactly as given by <var class="var">definition</var> and is or is not 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-long-command"></a>
-<em class="dfn">long</em> as expected.  A long command is a command that accepts
-<code class="code">\par</code> within an argument.  The <var class="var">cmd</var> command is expected to be
-long with the unstarred version of <code class="code">\CheckCommand</code>.  Raises an
-error when the check fails.  This allows you to check before you start
-redefining <code class="code">cmd</code> yourself that no other package has already
-redefined this command.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cClassError'><span><code class="code">\ClassError{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">error text</var>}{<var class="var">help text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cClassError'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\ClassWarning{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">warning text</var>}</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\ClassWarningNoLine{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">warning text</var>}</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\ClassInfo{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">info text</var>}</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\ClassInfoNoLine{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">info text</var>}</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\PackageError{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">error text</var>}{<var class="var">help text</var>}</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\PackageWarning{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">warning text</var>}</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\PackageWarningNoLine{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">warning text</var>}</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\PackageInfo{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">info text</var>}</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\PackageInfoNoLine{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">info text</var>}</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPackageError"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cClassWarning"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPackageWarning"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cClassWarningNoLine"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPackageWarningNoLine"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cClassInfo"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPackageInfo"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cClassInfoNoLine"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPackageInfoNoLine"></a>
-<p>Produce an error message, or warning or informational messages.
-</p>
-<p>For <code class="code">\ClassError</code> and <code class="code">\PackageError</code> the message is
-<var class="var">error text</var>, followed by TeX&rsquo;s <code class="code">?</code> error prompt. If the
-user then asks for help by typing <code class="code">h</code>, they see the <var class="var">help
-text</var>.
-</p>
-<p>The four warning commands are similar except that they write
-<var class="var">warning text</var> on the screen with no error prompt.  The four info
-commands write <var class="var">info text</var> only in the transcript file.  The
-<code class="code">NoLine</code> versions do not show the number of the line generating the
-message, while the other versions do show that number.
-</p>
-<p>To format the messages, including the <var class="var">help text</var>: use
-<code class="code">\protect</code> to stop a command from expanding, get a line break with
-<code class="code">\MessageBreak</code>, and get a space with <code class="code">\space</code> when a space
-character does not allow it, like after a command.  Note that LaTeX
-appends a period to the messages.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cCurrentOption'><span><code class="code">\CurrentOption</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cCurrentOption'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Expands to the name of the currently-being-processed option.  Can only
-be used within the <var class="var">code</var> argument of either <code class="code">\DeclareOption</code>
-or <code class="code">\DeclareOption*</code>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cDeclareOption'><span><code class="code">\DeclareOption{<var class="var">option</var>}{<var class="var">code</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cDeclareOption'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\DeclareOption*{<var class="var">code</var>}</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareOption_002a"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-options-2"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package-options-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-class"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-package-1"></a>
-<p>Make an option available to a user to invoke in their
-<code class="code">\documentclass</code> command.  For example, the <code class="code">smcmemo</code> class
-could have an option <code class="code">\documentclass[logo]{smcmemo}</code> allowing
-users to put the institutional logo on the first page.  The class file
-must contain <code class="code">\DeclareOption{logo}{<var class="var">code</var>}</code> (and later,
-<code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code>).
-</p>
-<p>If you request an option that has not been declared, by default this
-will produce a warning like <code class="code">Unused global option(s):
-[badoption].</code>  Change this behavior with the starred version
-<code class="code">\DeclareOption*{<var class="var">code</var>}</code>.  For example, many classes
-extend an existing class, using a command such as
-<code class="code">\LoadClass{article}</code>, and for passing extra options to the
-underlying class use code such as this.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareOption*{%
-\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}%
-}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Another example is that the class <code class="code">smcmemo</code> may allow users to keep
-lists of memo recipients in external files.  Then the user could invoke
-<code class="code">\documentclass[math]{smcmemo}</code> and it will read the file
-<code class="code">math.memo</code>.  This code handles the file if it exists and otherwise
-passes the option to the <code class="code">article</code> class.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{\CurrentOption.memo}{}{%
-    \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}}
-</pre></div>
-
-</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand{<var class="var">cmd</var>}[<var class="var">num</var>][<var class="var">default</var>]{<var class="var">definition</var>}</code></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cDeclareRobustCommand'><span><code class="code">* \DeclareRobustCommand*{<var class="var">cmd</var>}[<var class="var">num</var>][<var class="var">default</var>]{<var class="var">definition</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cDeclareRobustCommand'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareRobustCommand_002a"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-new-command_002c-definition"></a>
-<p>Like <code class="code">\newcommand</code> and <code class="code">\newcommand*</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a>) but these declare a robust command, even if some code
-within the <var class="var">definition</var> is fragile.  (For a discussion of robust and
-fragile commands see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>.) Use this command to define new
-robust commands or to redefine existing commands and make them
-robust. Unlike <code class="code">\newcommand</code> these do not give an error if macro
-<var class="var">cmd</var> already exists; instead, a log message is put into the
-transcript file if a command is redefined.
-</p>
-<p>Commands defined this way are a bit less efficient than those defined
-using <code class="code">\newcommand</code> so unless the command&rsquo;s data is fragile and the
-command is used within a moving argument, use <code class="code">\newcommand</code>.
-</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-etoolbox"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-etoolbox-package"></a>
-<p>The <code class="code">etoolbox</code> package offers the commands
-<code class="code">\newrobustcmd</code>, <code class="code">\newrobustcmd*</code>, as well as the commands
-<code class="code">\renewrobustcmd</code>, <code class="code">\renewrobustcmd*</code>, and the commands
-<code class="code">\providerobustcmd</code>, and <code class="code">\providerobustcmd*</code>.  These are
-similar to <code class="code">\newcommand</code>, <code class="code">\newcommand*</code>,
-<code class="code">\renewcommand</code>, <code class="code">\renewcommand*</code>, <code class="code">\providecommand</code>, and
-<code class="code">\providecommand*</code>, but define a robust <var class="var">cmd</var> with two
-advantages as compared to <code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code>:
-</p><ol class="enumerate">
-<li> They use the low-level e-TeX protection mechanism rather than the
-higher level LaTeX <code class="code">\protect</code> mechanism, so they do not incur
-the slight loss of performance mentioned above, and
-</li><li> They make the same distinction between <code class="code">\new&hellip;</code>,
-<code class="code">\renew&hellip;</code>, and <code class="code">\provide&hellip;</code>, as the standard
-commands, so they do not just make a log message when you redefine
-<var class="var">cmd</var> that already exists, in that case you need to use either
-<code class="code">\renew&hellip;</code> or <code class="code">\provide&hellip;</code> or you get an error.
-</li></ol>
-
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cIfFileExists'><span><code class="code">\IfFileExists{<var class="var">filename</var>}{<var class="var">true code</var>}{<var class="var">false code</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cIfFileExists'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\InputIfFileExists{<var class="var">filename</var>}{<var class="var">true code</var>}{<var class="var">false code</var>}</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cInputIfFileExists"></a>
-<p>Execute <var class="var">true code</var> if LaTeX finds the file <samp class="file"><var class="var">file
-name</var></samp> or <var class="var">false code</var> otherwise.  In the first case it executing
-<var class="var">true code</var> and then inputs the file.  Thus the command
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\IfFileExists{img.pdf}{%
-  \includegraphics{img.pdf}}{\typeout{!! img.pdf not found}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>will include the graphic <samp class="file">img.pdf</samp> if it is found and otherwise
-give a warning.
-</p>
-<p>This command looks for the file in all search paths that LaTeX uses,
-not only in the current directory.  To look only in the current
-directory do something like <code class="code">\IfFileExists{./filename}{<var class="var">true
-code</var>}{<var class="var">false code</var>}</code>.  If you ask for a filename without a
-<code class="code">.tex</code> extension then LaTeX will first look for the file by
-appending the <code class="code">.tex</code>; for more on how LaTeX handles file
-extensions see <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cinput"><code class="code">\input</code></a>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cLoadClass'><span><code class="code">\LoadClass[<var class="var">options list</var>]{<var class="var">class name</var>}[<var class="var">release date</var>]</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cLoadClass'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\LoadClassWithOptions{<var class="var">class name</var>}[<var class="var">release date</var>]</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cLoadClassWithOptions"></a>
-<p>Load a class, as with <code class="code">\documentclass[<var class="var">options
-list</var>]{<var class="var">class name</var>}[<var class="var">release info</var>]</code>.  An example is
-<code class="code">\LoadClass[twoside]{article}</code>.
-</p>
-<p>The <var class="var">options list</var>, if present, is a comma-separated list.  The
-<var class="var">release date</var> is optional.  If present it must have the form
-<var class="var">YYYY/MM/DD</var>.
-</p>
-<p>If you request a <var class="var">release date</var> and the date of the package
-installed on your system is earlier, then you get a warning on the
-screen and in the log like this.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">You have requested, on input line 4, version `2038/01/19' of
-document class article, but only version `2014/09/29 v1.4h
-Standard LaTeX document class' is available.
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>The command version <code class="code">\LoadClassWithOptions</code> uses the list of
-options for the current class.  This means it ignores any options passed
-to it via <code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass</code>.  This is a convenience command
-that lets you build classes on existing ones, such as the standard
-<code class="code">article</code> class, without having to track which options were passed.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cExecuteOptions'><span><code class="code">\ExecuteOptions{<var class="var">options-list</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cExecuteOptions'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>For each option <var class="var">option</var> in the <var class="var">options-list</var>, in order, this command
-executes the command <code class="code">\ds@<var class="var">option</var></code>.  If this command is not
-defined then that option is silently ignored.
-</p>
-<p>It can be used to provide a default option list before
-<code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code>.  For example, if in a class file you want the
-default to be 11pt fonts then you could specify
-<code class="code">\ExecuteOptions{11pt}\ProcessOptions\relax</code>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cNeedsTeXFormat'><span><code class="code">\NeedsTeXFormat{<var class="var">format</var>}[<var class="var">format date</var>]</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cNeedsTeXFormat'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Specifies the format that this class must be run under.  Often issued
-as the first line of a class file, and most often used as:
-<code class="code">\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}</code>.  When a document using that class is
-processed, the format name given here must match the format that is
-actually being run (including that the <var class="var">format</var> string is case
-sensitive).  If it does not match then execution stops with an error
-like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">This file needs format `LaTeX2e' but this is `xxx'.</samp>&rsquo;
-</p>
-<p>To specify a version of the format that you know to have certain
-features, include the optional <var class="var">format date</var> on which those features
-were implemented.  If present it must be in the form <code class="code">YYYY/MM/DD</code>.
-If the format version installed on your system is earlier than
-<var class="var">format date</var> then you get a warning like this.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">You have requested release `2038/01/20' of LaTeX, but only
-release `2016/02/01' is available.
-</pre></div>
-
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cOptionNotUsed'><span><code class="code">\OptionNotUsed</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cOptionNotUsed'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Adds the current option to the list of unused options.  Can only be used
-within the <var class="var">code</var> argument of either <code class="code">\DeclareOption</code> or
-<code class="code">\DeclareOption*</code>.
-</p>
-
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cPassOptionsToClass'><span><code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass{<var class="var">option list</var>}{<var class="var">class name</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cPassOptionsToClass'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage{<var class="var">option list</var>}{<var class="var">package name</var>}</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPassOptionsToPackage"></a>
-<p>Adds the options in the comma-separated list <var class="var">option list</var> to the
-options used by any future <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> or <code class="code">\usepackage</code>
-command for package <var class="var">package name</var> or the class <var class="var">class name</var>.
-</p>
-<p>The reason for these commands is: you may load a package any number of
-times with no options but if you want options then you may only supply
-them when you first load the package.  Loading a package with options
-more than once will get you an error like <code class="code">Option clash for package
-foo.</code> (LaTeX throws an error even if there is no conflict between the
-options.)
-</p>
-<p>If your own code is bringing in a package twice then you can collapse
-that to once, for example replacing the two
-<code class="code">\RequirePackage[landscape]{geometry}</code> and
-<code class="code">\RequirePackage[margins=1in]{geometry}</code> with the single command
-<code class="code">\RequirePackage[landscape,margins=1in]{geometry}</code>.
-</p>
-<p>However, imagine that you are loading <samp class="file">firstpkg</samp> and inside that
-package it loads <samp class="file">secondpkg</samp>, and you need the second package to be
-loaded with option <code class="code">draft</code>.  Then before doing the first package
-you must queue up the options for the second package, like this.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{secondpkg}
-\RequirePackage{firstpkg}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>(If <code class="code">firstpkg.sty</code> loads an option in conflict with what you want
-then you may have to alter its source.)
-</p>
-<p>These commands are useful for general users as well as class and package
-writers.  For instance, suppose a user wants to load the <code class="code">graphicx</code>
-package with the option <code class="code">draft</code> and also wants to use a class
-<code class="code">foo</code> that loads the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package, but without that
-option. The user could start their LaTeX file with
-<code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx}\documentclass{foo}</code>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cProcessOptions'><span><code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cProcessOptions'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\ProcessOptions*<var class="var">\@options</var></code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cProcessOptions_002a"></a>
-<p>Execute the code for each option that the user has invoked.  Include it
-in the class file as <code class="code">\ProcessOptions\relax</code> (because of the
-existence of the starred command).
-</p>
-<p>Options come in two types.  <em class="dfn">Local options</em> have been specified for this
-particular package in the <var class="var">options</var> argument of
-<code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage{<var class="var">options</var>}</code>,
-<code class="code">\usepackage[<var class="var">options</var>]</code>, or
-<code class="code">\RequirePackage[<var class="var">options</var>]</code>.  <em class="dfn">Global options</em> are those given
-by the class user in <code class="code">\documentclass[<var class="var">options</var>]</code> (If an option
-is specified both locally and globally then it is local.)
-</p>
-<p>When <code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code> is called for a package <samp class="file">pkg.sty</samp>, the
-following happens:
-</p><ol class="enumerate">
-<li> For each option <var class="var">option</var> so far declared
-with <code class="code">\DeclareOption</code>, it looks to see if that option is either a
-global or a local option for <code class="code">pkg</code>. If so then it executes the
-declared code.  This is done in the order in which these options were
-given in <samp class="file">pkg.sty</samp>.
-</li><li> For each remaining local option, it executes the command
-<code class="code">\ds@</code><var class="var">option</var> if it has been defined somewhere (other than by
-a <code class="code">\DeclareOption</code>); otherwise, it executes the default option code
-given in <code class="code">\DeclareOption*</code>. If no default option code has been
-declared then it gives an error message.  This is done in the order in
-which these options were specified.
-</li></ol>
-
-<p>When <code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code> is called for a class it works in the same
-way except that all options are local, and the default <var class="var">code</var> for
-<code class="code">\DeclareOption*</code> is <code class="code">\OptionNotUsed</code> rather than an error.
-</p>
-<p>The starred version <code class="code">\ProcessOptions*</code> executes the
-options in the order specified in the calling commands, rather than in
-the order of declaration in the class or package. For a package this
-means that the global options are processed first.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cProvidesClass'><span><code class="code">\ProvidesClass{<var class="var">class name</var>}[<var class="var">release date</var> <var class="var">brief additional information</var>]</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cProvidesClass'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\ProvidesClass{<var class="var">class name</var>}[<var class="var">release date</var>]</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\ProvidesPackage{<var class="var">package name</var>}[<var class="var">release date</var> <var class="var">brief additional information</var>]</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\ProvidesPackage{<var class="var">package name</var>}[<var class="var">release date</var>]</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cProvidesPackage"></a>
-<p>Identifies the class or package, printing a message to the screen and
-the log file.
-</p>
-<p>When you load a class or package, for example with
-<code class="code">\documentclass{smcmemo}</code> or <code class="code">\usepackage{test}</code>, LaTeX
-inputs a file.  If the name of the file does not match the class or
-package name declared in it then you get a warning.  Thus, if you invoke
-<code class="code">\documentclass{smcmemo}</code>, and the file <samp class="file">smcmemo.cls</samp> has
-the statement <code class="code">\ProvidesClass{xxx}</code> then you get a warning like
-<code class="code">You have requested document class `smcmemo', but the document
-class provides 'xxx'.</code>  This warning does not prevent LaTeX from
-processing the rest of the class file normally.
-</p>
-<p>If you include the optional argument then you must include a date,
-before any spaces, of the form <code class="code">YYYY/MM/DD</code>. The rest of the
-optional argument is free-form, although it traditionally identifies the
-class, and is written to the screen during compilation and to the log
-file.  Thus, if your file <samp class="file">smcmemo.cls</samp> contains the line
-<code class="code">\ProvidesClass{smcmemo}[2008/06/01 v1.0 SMC memo class]</code> and
-your document&rsquo;s first line is <code class="code">\documentclass{smcmemo}</code> then you
-will see <code class="code">Document Class: smcmemo 2008/06/01 v1.0 SMC memo class</code>.
-</p>
-<p>The date in the optional argument allows class and package users to ask
-to be warned if the version of the class or package is earlier than
-<var class="var">release date</var>.  For instance, a user could enter
-<code class="code">\documentclass{smcmemo}[2018/10/12]</code> or
-<code class="code">\usepackage{foo}[[2017/07/07]]</code> to require a class or package
-with certain features by specifying that it must be released no earlier
-than the given date.  (Although, in practice package users only rarely
-include a date, and class users almost never do.)
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cProvidesFile'><span><code class="code">\ProvidesFile{<var class="var">filename</var>}[<var class="var">additional information</var>]</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cProvidesFile'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Declare a file other than the main class and package files, such as
-configuration files or font definition files.  Put this command in that
-file and you get in the log a string like <code class="code">File: test.config
-2017/10/12 config file for test.cls</code> for <var class="var">filename</var> equal to
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">test.config</samp>&rsquo; and <var class="var">additional information</var> equal to
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">2017/10/12 config file for test.cls</samp>&rsquo;.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cRequirePackage'><span><code class="code">\RequirePackage[<var class="var">option list</var>]{<var class="var">package name</var>}[<var class="var">release date</var>]</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cRequirePackage'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\RequirePackageWithOptions{<var class="var">package name</var>}[<var class="var">release date</var>]</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions"></a>
-<p>Load a package, like the command <code class="code">\usepackage</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Additional-packages">Additional packages</a>). The LaTeX development team strongly recommends use of
-these commands over Plain&nbsp;TeX&rsquo;s <code class="code">\input</code>; see the Class
-Guide.  An example is
-<code class="code">\RequirePackage[landscape,margin=1in]{geometry}</code>.
-</p>
-<p>The <var class="var">option list</var>, if present, is a comma-separated list.  The
-<var class="var">release date</var>, if present, must have the form <var class="var">YYYY/MM/DD</var>.  If
-the release date of the package as installed on your system is earlier
-than <var class="var">release date</var> then you get a warning like <code class="code">You have
-requested, on input line 9, version `2017/07/03' of package jhtest, but
-only version `2000/01/01' is available</code>.
-</p>
-<p>The <code class="code">\RequirePackageWithOptions</code> version uses the list of options
-for the current class.  This means it ignores any options passed to it
-via <code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass</code>.  This is a convenience command to allow
-easily building classes on existing ones without having to track which
-options were passed.
-</p>
-<p>The difference between <code class="code">\usepackage</code> and <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> is
-small.  The <code class="code">\usepackage</code> command is intended for the document file
-while <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> is intended for package and class files.
-Thus, using <code class="code">\usepackage</code> before the <code class="code">\documentclass</code> command
-causes LaTeX to give error like <code class="code">\usepackage before
-\documentclass</code>, but you can use <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> there.
-</p></dd>
-</dl>
-
-
-<hr>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Fonts">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="n" rel="next">Layout</a>, Previous: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Document classes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Fonts-1">4 Fonts</h2>
-<a class="anchor" id="Typefaces"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-typefaces"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fonts"></a>
-
-<p>LaTeX comes with powerful font capacities.  For one thing, its New
-Font Selection Scheme allows you to work easily with the font families
-in your document (for instance, see&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a>).  And,
-LaTeX documents can use most fonts that are available today,
-including versions of Times Roman, Helvetica, Courier, etc.  (Note,
-though, that many fonts do not have support for mathematics.)
-</p>
-<p>The first typeface in the TeX world was the Computer Modern family,
-developed by Donald Knuth.  It is the default for LaTeX documents and
-is still the most widely used.  But changing to another font often only
-involves a few commands.  For instance, putting the following in your
-preamble gives you a Palatino-like font, which is handsome and more
-readable online than many other fonts, while still allowing you to
-typeset mathematics.  (This example is from Michael Sharpe,
-<a class="url" href="https://math.ucsd.edu/~msharpe/RcntFnts.pdf">https://math.ucsd.edu/~msharpe/RcntFnts.pdf</a>.)
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[osf]{newpxtext} % osf for text, not math
-\usepackage{cabin} % sans serif
-\usepackage[varqu,varl]{inconsolata} % sans serif typewriter
-\usepackage[bigdelims,vvarbb]{newpxmath} % bb from STIX
-\usepackage[cal=boondoxo]{mathalfa} % mathcal
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>In addition, the <code class="command">xelatex</code> or <code class="command">lualatex</code> engines allow
-you to use any fonts on your system that are in OpenType or TrueType
-format (see <a class="pxref" href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>).
-</p>
-<p>The LaTeX Font Catalogue (<a class="url" href="https://tug.org/FontCatalogue">https://tug.org/FontCatalogue</a>) shows
-font sample graphics and copy-and-pasteable source to use many fonts,
-including many with support for mathematics.  It aims to cover all Latin
-alphabet free fonts available for easy use with LaTeX.
+<p>The LaTeX Font Catalogue (<a class="url" href="https://tug.org/FontCatalogue">https://tug.org/FontCatalogue</a>) shows
+font sample graphics and copy-and-pasteable source to use many fonts,
+including many with support for mathematics.  It aims to cover all Latin
+alphabet free fonts available for easy use with LaTeX.
 </p>
 <p>More information is also available from the TeX Users Group, at
 <a class="url" href="https://www.tug.org/fonts/">https://www.tug.org/fonts/</a>.
@@ -2012,7 +1958,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Fonts-1">4 Fonts</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Font-styles" accesskey="n" rel="next">Font styles</a>, Up: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="fontenc-package-1">4.1 <code class="code">fontenc</code> package</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="fontenc-package-1"><span>4.1 <code class="code">fontenc</code> package<a class="copiable-link" href="#fontenc-package-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-encoding"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-UTF_002d8_002c-font-support-for"></a>
@@ -2061,6 +2007,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="fontenc-package-1">4.1 <code class="code">fontenc</code>
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-lmodern"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lmodern-package"></a>
+
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-cm_002dsuper"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cm_002dsuper-package"></a>
 
@@ -2075,24 +2022,26 @@ <h3 class="section" id="fontenc-package-1">4.1 <code class="code">fontenc</code>
 <samp class="file"><var class="var">font_encoding</var>enc.def</samp>.  It also sets <code class="code">\encodingdefault</code>
 to be the last encoding in the option list.
 </p>
-<p>These are the common values for <var class="var">font_encoding</var>.
+<p>These are the common values for <var class="var">font_encoding</var>:
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt><code class="code">OT1</code></dt>
-<dd><p>The original encoding for TeX.  Limited to mostly English characters.
+<dt><a id="index-OT1-encoding"></a><span><code class="code">OT1</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-OT1-encoding"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>The original 7-bit encoding for TeX.  Limited to mostly English characters.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code class="code">OMS, OML</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Math symbols and math letters encoding.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">T1</code></dt>
-<dd><p>TeX text extended.  Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the Users
-Group meeting where it was developed.  Gives access to most European
-accented characters.  The most common option for this package.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Cork-encoding"></a>
+<a id="index-T1-encoding"></a><span><code class="code">T1</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-T1-encoding"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>TeX text extended.  Sometimes called the Cork encoding for the
+users group meeting where it was developed (1990).  Gives access to
+most European accented characters.  The most common option for this
+package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">TS1</code></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-TS1-_0028text-companion_0029-encoding"></a><span><code class="code">TS1</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-TS1-_0028text-companion_0029-encoding"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Text Companion encoding.
 </p></dd>
 </dl>
@@ -2108,13 +2057,13 @@ <h3 class="section" id="fontenc-package-1">4.1 <code class="code">fontenc</code>
 fonts before loading <samp class="file">fontenc</samp>, to prevent the system from loading
 any <code class="code">T1</code>&nbsp;encoded fonts from the default.
 </p>
-<p>The LaTeX team reserve encoding names starting with: &lsquo;<samp class="samp">T</samp>&rsquo; for the
-standard text encodings with 256 characters, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">TS</samp>&rsquo; for symbols that
-extend the corresponding T encodings, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">X</samp>&rsquo; for test encodings,
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">M</samp>&rsquo; for standard math encodings with 256 characters, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">A</samp>&rsquo; for
-special applications, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">OT</samp>&rsquo; for standard text encodings with 128
-characters, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">OM</samp>&rsquo; for standard math encodings with 128
-characters (&lsquo;<samp class="samp">O</samp>&rsquo; stands for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">obsolete</samp>&rsquo;).
+<p>The LaTeX team reserves encoding names starting with: &lsquo;<samp class="samp">T</samp>&rsquo; for
+the standard text encodings with 256 characters, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">TS</samp>&rsquo; for symbols
+that extend the corresponding T encodings, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">X</samp>&rsquo; for test
+encodings, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">M</samp>&rsquo; for standard math encodings with 256 characters,
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">A</samp>&rsquo; for special applications, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">OT</samp>&rsquo; for standard text
+encodings with 128 characters, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">OM</samp>&rsquo; for standard math
+encodings with 128 characters (&lsquo;<samp class="samp">O</samp>&rsquo; stands for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">obsolete</samp>&rsquo;).
 </p>
 <p>This package provides a number of commands, detailed below.  Many of
 them are encoding-specific, so if you have defined a command that works
@@ -2142,7 +2091,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="fontenc-package-1">4.1 <code class="code">fontenc</code>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareTextAccent</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding-1">4.1.1 <code class="code">\DeclareFontEncoding</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding-1"><span>4.1.1 <code class="code">\DeclareFontEncoding</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-encoding_002c-declaring"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-encoding_002c-font"></a>
@@ -2194,7 +2143,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding-1">4.1.1 <code class="cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareFontEncoding</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent-1">4.1.2 <code class="code">\DeclareTextAccent</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent-1"><span>4.1.2 <code class="code">\DeclareTextAccent</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-encoding-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accents_002c-defining-1"></a>
@@ -2235,7 +2184,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent-1">4.1.2 <code class="code"
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareTextCommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvideTextCommand</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareTextAccent</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault-1">4.1.3 <code class="code">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault-1"><span>4.1.3 <code class="code">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accents_002c-defining-2"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareTextAccent-1"></a>
@@ -2281,7 +2230,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault-1">4.1.3 <code class
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareTextCommandDefault</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvideTextCommandDefault </code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand-1">4.1.4 <code class="code">\DeclareTextCommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvideTextCommand</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand-1"><span>4.1.4 <code class="code">\DeclareTextCommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvideTextCommand</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cProvideTextCommand"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareTextCommand"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cProvideTextCommand"></a>
@@ -2350,7 +2299,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextComm
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareTextComposite</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareTextCommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvideTextCommand</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault-">4.1.5 <code class="code">\DeclareTextCommandDefault</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvideTextCommandDefault </code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault-"><span>4.1.5 <code class="code">\DeclareTextCommandDefault</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvideTextCommandDefault </code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault-"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cProvideTextCommandDefault"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault"></a>
@@ -2397,7 +2346,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideT
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareTextCommandDefault</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvideTextCommandDefault </code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite-1">4.1.6 <code class="code">\DeclareTextComposite</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite-1"><span>4.1.6 <code class="code">\DeclareTextComposite</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accents_002c-defining-3"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareTextComposite"></a>
@@ -2436,7 +2385,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite-1">4.1.6 <code class="co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareTextSymbol</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareTextComposite</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand-1">4.1.7 <code class="code">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand-1"><span>4.1.7 <code class="code">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accents_002c-defining-4"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand"></a>
@@ -2469,7 +2418,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand-1">4.1.7 <code cl
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol-1">4.1.8 <code class="code">\DeclareTextSymbol</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol-1"><span>4.1.8 <code class="code">\DeclareTextSymbol</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-symbol_002c-defining"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareTextSymbol-1"></a>
@@ -2488,10 +2437,10 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol-1">4.1.8 <code class="code"
 glyph to use for &#x00AB;, the left guillemet.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareTextSymbol{\guillemotleft}{T1}{19}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareTextSymbol{\guillemetleft}{T1}{19}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The command <code class="code">\DeclareTextCommand{\guillemotleft}{T1}{\char
+<p>The command <code class="code">\DeclareTextCommand{\guillemetleft}{T1}{\char
 19}</code> has the same effect but is slower (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand"><code class="code">\DeclareTextCommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvideTextCommand</code></a>).
 </p>
 <p>See <a class="xref" href="#fontenc-package"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a>, for a list of common encodings.  The <var class="var">slot</var>
@@ -2511,7 +2460,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol-1">4.1.8 <code class="code"
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cLastDeclaredEncoding" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\LastDeclaredEncoding</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareTextSymbol</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault-1">4.1.9 <code class="code">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault-1"><span>4.1.9 <code class="code">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accents_002c-defining-5"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareTextSymbol-2"></a>
@@ -2553,7 +2502,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault-1">4.1.9 <code class
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cUseTextSymbol-_0026-_005cUseTextAccent" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\UseTextSymbol</code> &amp; <code class="code">\UseTextAccent</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cLastDeclaredEncoding-1">4.1.10 <code class="code">\LastDeclaredEncoding</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cLastDeclaredEncoding-1"><span>4.1.10 <code class="code">\LastDeclaredEncoding</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cLastDeclaredEncoding-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cLastDeclaredEncoding"></a>
 
@@ -2583,7 +2532,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cLastDeclaredEncoding-1">4.1.10 <code class="c
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cLastDeclaredEncoding" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\LastDeclaredEncoding</code></a>, Up: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cUseTextSymbol-_0026-_005cUseTextAccent-1">4.1.11 <code class="code">\UseTextSymbol</code> &amp; <code class="code">\UseTextAccent</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cUseTextSymbol-_0026-_005cUseTextAccent-1"><span>4.1.11 <code class="code">\UseTextSymbol</code> &amp; <code class="code">\UseTextAccent</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cUseTextSymbol-_0026-_005cUseTextAccent-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cUseTextSymbol"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cUseTextAccent"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cUseTextSymbol"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cUseTextAccent"></a>
@@ -2643,7 +2592,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cUseTextSymbol-_0026-_005cUseTextAccent-1">4.1
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Font-sizes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Font sizes</a>, Previous: <a href="#fontenc-package" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">fontenc</code> package</a>, Up: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Font-styles-1">4.2 Font styles</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Font-styles-1"><span>4.2 Font styles<a class="copiable-link" href="#Font-styles-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-styles"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-type-styles"></a>
@@ -2677,54 +2626,54 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Font-styles-1">4.2 Font styles</h3>
 <code class="code">\textit{\nocorr text}</code> or <code class="code">\textsc{text \nocorr}</code>.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_005ctextrm'><span><code class="code">\textrm (\rmfamily)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextrm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crmfamily"></a>
-<p>Roman.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crmfamily"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctextrm"></a><span><code class="code">\textrm (\rmfamily)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextrm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Roman.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextit'><span><code class="code">\textit (\itshape)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextit'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005citshape"></a>
-<p>Italics.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005citshape"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctextit"></a><span><code class="code">\textit (\itshape)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextit"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Italics.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextmd'><span><code class="code">\textmd (\mdseries)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextmd'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmdseries"></a>
-<p>Medium weight (default).
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmdseries"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctextmd"></a><span><code class="code">\textmd (\mdseries)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextmd"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Medium weight (default).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextbf'><span><code class="code">\textbf (\bfseries)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextbf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbfseries"></a>
-<p>Boldface.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbfseries"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctextbf"></a><span><code class="code">\textbf (\bfseries)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextbf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Boldface.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextup'><span><code class="code">\textup (\upshape)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cupshape"></a>
-<p>Upright (default).
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cupshape"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctextup"></a><span><code class="code">\textup (\upshape)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Upright (default).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextsl'><span><code class="code">\textsl (\slshape)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextsl'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cslshape"></a>
-<p>Slanted.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cslshape"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctextsl"></a><span><code class="code">\textsl (\slshape)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextsl"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Slanted.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextsf'><span><code class="code">\textsf (\sffamily)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextsf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csffamily"></a>
-<p>Sans serif.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csffamily"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctextsf"></a><span><code class="code">\textsf (\sffamily)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextsf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Sans serif.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextsc'><span><code class="code">\textsc (\scshape)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextsc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cscshape"></a>
-<p>Small caps.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cscshape"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctextsc"></a><span><code class="code">\textsc (\scshape)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextsc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Small caps.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctexttt'><span><code class="code">\texttt (\ttfamily)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctexttt'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cttfamily"></a>
-<p>Typewriter.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cttfamily"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctexttt"></a><span><code class="code">\texttt (\ttfamily)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctexttt"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Typewriter.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextnormal'><span><code class="code">\textnormal (\normalfont)</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextnormal'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnormalfont"></a>
-<p>Main document font.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnormalfont"></a>
+<a id="index-_005ctextnormal"></a><span><code class="code">\textnormal (\normalfont)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextnormal"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Main document font.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
@@ -2749,44 +2698,44 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Font-styles-1">4.2 Font styles</h3>
 needed.)
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cbf'><span><code class="code">\bf</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbf"></a><span><code class="code">\bf</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bold-font"></a>
 <p>Switch to bold face.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccal'><span><code class="code">\cal</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccal'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccal"></a><span><code class="code">\cal</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccal"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-script-letters-for-math"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-calligraphic-letters-for-math"></a>
 <p>Switch to calligraphic letters for math.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cit'><span><code class="code">\it</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cit'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cit"></a><span><code class="code">\it</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cit"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-italic-font"></a>
 <p>Italics.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crm'><span><code class="code">\rm</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crm"></a><span><code class="code">\rm</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-roman-font"></a>
 <p>Roman.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csc'><span><code class="code">\sc</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csc"></a><span><code class="code">\sc</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-small-caps-font"></a>
 <p>Small caps.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csf'><span><code class="code">\sf</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csf"></a><span><code class="code">\sf</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sans-serif-font"></a>
 <p>Sans serif.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csl'><span><code class="code">\sl</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csl'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csl"></a><span><code class="code">\sl</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csl"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-slanted-font"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-oblique-font"></a>
 <p>Slanted (oblique).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctt'><span><code class="code">\tt</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctt'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctt"></a><span><code class="code">\tt</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctt"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-typewriter-font"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-monospace-font"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fixed_002dwidth-font"></a>
@@ -2804,19 +2753,19 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Font-styles-1">4.2 Font styles</h3>
 typographic treatment, regardless of the surrounding environment.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_005cmathrm'><span><code class="code">\mathrm</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathrm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathrm"></a><span><code class="code">\mathrm</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathrm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Roman, for use in math mode.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathbf'><span><code class="code">\mathbf</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathbf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathbf"></a><span><code class="code">\mathbf</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathbf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Boldface, for use in math mode.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathsf'><span><code class="code">\mathsf</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathsf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathsf"></a><span><code class="code">\mathsf</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathsf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Sans serif, for use in math mode.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathtt'><span><code class="code">\mathtt</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathtt'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathtt"></a><span><code class="code">\mathtt</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathtt"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Typewriter, for use in math mode.
 </p>
 </dd>
@@ -2825,11 +2774,11 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Font-styles-1">4.2 Font styles</h3>
 <dd><p>Italics, for use in math mode.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathnormal'><span><code class="code">\mathnormal</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathnormal'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathnormal"></a><span><code class="code">\mathnormal</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathnormal"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>For use in math mode, e.g., inside another type style declaration.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathcal'><span><code class="code">\mathcal</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathcal'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathcal"></a><span><code class="code">\mathcal</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathcal"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Calligraphic letters, for use in math mode.
 </p>
 </dd>
@@ -2864,7 +2813,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Font-styles-1">4.2 Font styles</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Low-level font commands</a>, Previous: <a href="#Font-styles" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font styles</a>, Up: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Font-sizes-1">4.3 Font sizes</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Font-sizes-1"><span>4.3 Font sizes<a class="copiable-link" href="#Font-sizes-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-sizes"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-typeface-sizes"></a>
@@ -2950,7 +2899,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Font-sizes-1">4.3 Font sizes</h3>
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#Font-sizes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font sizes</a>, Up: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1">4.4 Low-level font commands</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1"><span>4.4 Low-level font commands<a class="copiable-link" href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-low_002dlevel-font-commands"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-commands_002c-low_002dlevel"></a>
@@ -2961,7 +2910,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1">4.4 Low-level font comman
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="low-level-font-commands-fontencoding"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfontencoding'><span><code class="code">\fontencoding{<var class="var">encoding</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfontencoding'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfontencoding"></a><span><code class="code">\fontencoding{<var class="var">encoding</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfontencoding"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Select the font encoding, the encoding of the output font. There are a
 large number of valid encodings.  The most common are <code class="code">OT1</code>,
 Knuth&rsquo;s original encoding for Computer Modern (the default), and
@@ -2972,10 +2921,10 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1">4.4 Low-level font comman
 <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide">https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide</a>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="low-level-font-commands-fontfamily"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfontfamily'><span><code class="code">\fontfamily{<var class="var">family</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfontfamily'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-families_002c-of-fonts"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-families_002c-of-fonts"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-catalogue"></a>
-<p>Select the font family.  The web page
+<a id="index-_005cfontfamily"></a><span><code class="code">\fontfamily{<var class="var">family</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfontfamily"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Select the font family.  The web page
 <a class="url" href="https://tug.org/FontCatalogue/">https://tug.org/FontCatalogue/</a> provides one way to browse
 through many of the fonts easily used with LaTeX.  Here are
 examples of some common families.
@@ -3006,9 +2955,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1">4.4 Low-level font comman
 
 
 <a class="anchor" id="low-level-font-commands-fontseries"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfontseries'><span><code class="code">\fontseries{<var class="var">series</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfontseries'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-series_002c-of-fonts"></a>
-<p>Select the font series.  A <em class="dfn">series</em> combines a <em class="dfn">weight</em> and a
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-series_002c-of-fonts"></a>
+<a id="index-_005cfontseries"></a><span><code class="code">\fontseries{<var class="var">series</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfontseries"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Select the font series.  A <em class="dfn">series</em> combines a <em class="dfn">weight</em> and a
 <em class="dfn">width</em>.  Typically, a font supports only a few of the possible
 combinations.  Some common combined series values include:
 </p>
@@ -3060,9 +3009,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1">4.4 Low-level font comman
 (&lsquo;<samp class="samp"><code class="code">m</code></samp>&rsquo;).
 </p> 
 <a class="anchor" id="low-level-font-commands-fontshape"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfontshape'><span><code class="code">\fontshape{<var class="var">shape</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfontshape'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-shapes_002c-of-fonts"></a>
-<p>Select font shape. Valid shapes are:
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-shapes_002c-of-fonts"></a>
+<a id="index-_005cfontshape"></a><span><code class="code">\fontshape{<var class="var">shape</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfontshape"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Select font shape. Valid shapes are:
 </p>
 <table class="multitable">
 <tbody><tr><td><code class="code">n</code></td><td>Upright (normal)</td></tr>
@@ -3078,10 +3027,10 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1">4.4 Low-level font comman
 small caps are often missing as well.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="low-level-font-commands-fontsize"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfontsize'><span><code class="code">\fontsize{<var class="var">size</var>}{<var class="var">skip</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfontsize'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-size"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-size"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbaselineskip"></a>
-<p>Set the font size and the line spacing.  The unit of both parameters
+<a id="index-_005cfontsize"></a><span><code class="code">\fontsize{<var class="var">size</var>}{<var class="var">skip</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfontsize"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the font size and the line spacing.  The unit of both parameters
 defaults to points (<code class="code">pt</code>).  The line spacing is the nominal
 vertical space between lines, baseline to baseline.  It is stored in the
 parameter <code class="code">\baselineskip</code>.  The default <code class="code">\baselineskip</code> for
@@ -3091,13 +3040,13 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1">4.4 Low-level font comman
 <code class="code">\baselinestretch</code>.  (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch"><code class="code">\baselineskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\baselinestretch</code></a>).
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="low-level-font-commands-linespread"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clinespread'><span><code class="code">\linespread{<var class="var">factor</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clinespread'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clinespread"></a><span><code class="code">\linespread{<var class="var">factor</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clinespread"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Equivalent to <code class="code">\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{<var class="var">factor</var>}</code>,
 and therefore must be followed by <code class="code">\selectfont</code> to have any
 effect. Best specified in the preamble. See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch"><code class="code">\baselineskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\baselinestretch</code></a>, for using <code class="code">setspace</code> package instead.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="low-level-font-commands-selectfont"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cselectfont'><span><code class="code">\selectfont</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cselectfont'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cselectfont"></a><span><code class="code">\selectfont</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cselectfont"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>The effects of the font commands described above do not happen until
 <code class="code">\selectfont</code> is called, as in
 <code class="code">\fontfamily{<var class="var">familyname</var>}\selectfont</code>.  It is often useful
@@ -3106,7 +3055,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1">4.4 Low-level font comman
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a>).
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="low-level-font-commands-usefont"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cusefont'><span><code class="code">\usefont{<var class="var">enc</var>}{<var class="var">family</var>}{<var class="var">series</var>}{<var class="var">shape</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cusefont'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cusefont"></a><span><code class="code">\usefont{<var class="var">enc</var>}{<var class="var">family</var>}{<var class="var">series</var>}{<var class="var">shape</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cusefont"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>The same as invoking <code class="code">\fontencoding</code>, <code class="code">\fontfamily</code>,
 <code class="code">\fontseries</code> and <code class="code">\fontshape</code> with the given parameters,
 followed by <code class="code">\selectfont</code>.  For example:
@@ -3127,7 +3076,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1">4.4 Low-level font comman
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Sectioning</a>, Previous: <a href="#Fonts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Fonts</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Layout-1">5 Layout</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Layout-1"><span>5 Layout<a class="copiable-link" href="#Layout-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-layout-commands"></a>
 
@@ -3150,7 +3099,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Layout-1">5 Layout</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\twocolumn</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005conecolumn-1">5.1 <code class="code">\onecolumn</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005conecolumn-1"><span>5.1 <code class="code">\onecolumn</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005conecolumn-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005conecolumn"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-one_002dcolumn-output"></a>
@@ -3174,7 +3123,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005conecolumn-1">5.1 <code class="code">\onecolumn</
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cflushbottom" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\flushbottom</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005conecolumn" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\onecolumn</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1">5.2 <code class="code">\twocolumn</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1"><span>5.2 <code class="code">\twocolumn</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctwocolumn"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-multicolumn-text"></a>
@@ -3199,14 +3148,14 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1">5.2 <code class="code">\twocolumn</
 <p>These parameters control typesetting in two-column output:
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005ccolumnsep'><span><code class="code">\columnsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccolumnsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccolumnsep"></a><span><code class="code">\columnsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccolumnsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="twocolumn-columnsep"></a><p>The distance between columns. The default is 35pt.  Change it with a
 command such as <code class="code">\setlength{\columnsep}{40pt}</code>. You must change
 it before the two column mode starts; in the preamble is a good
 place.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccolumnseprule'><span><code class="code">\columnseprule</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccolumnseprule'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccolumnseprule"></a><span><code class="code">\columnseprule</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccolumnseprule"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="twocolumn-columnseprule"></a><p>The width of the rule between columns. The default is 0pt, meaning that
 there is no rule. Otherwise, the rule appears halfway between the two
 columns.  Change it with a command such as
@@ -3214,7 +3163,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1">5.2 <code class="code">\twocolumn</
 mode starts.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccolumnwidth'><span><code class="code">\columnwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccolumnwidth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccolumnwidth"></a><span><code class="code">\columnwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccolumnwidth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="twocolumn-columnwidth"></a><p>The width of a single column.  In one-column mode this is equal to
 <code class="code">\textwidth</code>.  In two-column mode by default LaTeX sets the
 width of each of the two columns, <code class="code">\columnwidth</code>, to be half of
@@ -3231,7 +3180,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1">5.2 <code class="code">\twocolumn</
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="twocolumn-dbltopfraction"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdbltopfraction'><span><code class="code">\dbltopfraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdbltopfraction'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdbltopfraction"></a><span><code class="code">\dbltopfraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdbltopfraction"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>The maximum fraction at the top of a two-column page that may be
 occupied by two-column wide floats.  The default is 0.7, meaning that
 the height of a <code class="code">table*</code> or <code class="code">figure*</code> environment must not
@@ -3254,13 +3203,13 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1">5.2 <code class="code">\twocolumn</
 <code class="code">\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{0.9}</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdblfloatpagefraction'><span><code class="code">\dblfloatpagefraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdblfloatpagefraction'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdblfloatpagefraction"></a><span><code class="code">\dblfloatpagefraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdblfloatpagefraction"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="twocolumn-dblfloatpagefraction"></a><p>For a float page of two-column wide floats, this is the minimum fraction
 that must be occupied by floats, limiting the amount of blank space.
 LaTeX&rsquo;s default is <code class="code">0.5</code>.  Change it with <code class="code">\renewcommand</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdblfloatsep'><span><code class="code">\dblfloatsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdblfloatsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdblfloatsep"></a><span><code class="code">\dblfloatsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdblfloatsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="twocolumn-dblfloatsep"></a><p>On a float page of two-column wide floats, this length is the distance
 between floats, at both the top and bottom of the page.  The default is
 <code class="code">12pt plus2pt minus2pt</code> for a document set at <code class="code">10pt</code> or
@@ -3268,13 +3217,13 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1">5.2 <code class="code">\twocolumn</
 <code class="code">12pt</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdbltextfloatsep'><span><code class="code">\dbltextfloatsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdbltextfloatsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdbltextfloatsep"></a><span><code class="code">\dbltextfloatsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdbltextfloatsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="twocolumn-dbltextfloatsep"></a><p>This length is the distance between a multi-column float at the top or
 bottom of a page and the main text.  The default is <code class="code">20pt plus2pt
 minus4pt</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdbltopnumber'><span><code class="code">\dbltopnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdbltopnumber'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdbltopnumber"></a><span><code class="code">\dbltopnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdbltopnumber"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="twocolumn-dbltopnumber"></a><p>On a float page of two-column wide floats, this counter gives the
 maximum number of floats allowed at the top of the page.  The LaTeX
 default is <code class="code">2</code>.
@@ -3313,7 +3262,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1">5.2 <code class="code">\twocolumn</
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\raggedbottom</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\twocolumn</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cflushbottom-1">5.3 <code class="code">\flushbottom</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cflushbottom-1"><span>5.3 <code class="code">\flushbottom</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cflushbottom-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cflushbottom"></a>
 
@@ -3344,7 +3293,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cflushbottom-1">5.3 <code class="code">\flushbott
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Page-layout-parameters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page layout parameters</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cflushbottom" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\flushbottom</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005craggedbottom-1">5.4 <code class="code">\raggedbottom</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005craggedbottom-1"><span>5.4 <code class="code">\raggedbottom</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005craggedbottom-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005craggedbottom"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-stretch_002c-omitting-vertical"></a>
@@ -3365,7 +3314,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005craggedbottom-1">5.4 <code class="code">\raggedbo
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\baselineskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\baselinestretch</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\raggedbottom</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1"><span>5.5 Page layout parameters<a class="copiable-link" href="#Page-layout-parameters-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-layout-parameters"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-parameters_002c-page-layout"></a>
@@ -3375,9 +3324,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-running-header-and-footer"></a>
 
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005ccolumnsep-1'><span><code class="code">\columnsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccolumnsep-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ccolumnseprule-1'><span><code class="code">\columnseprule</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccolumnseprule-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ccolumnwidth-1'><span><code class="code">\columnwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccolumnwidth-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccolumnsep-1"></a><span><code class="code">\columnsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccolumnsep-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccolumnseprule-1"></a><span><code class="code">\columnseprule</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccolumnseprule-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccolumnwidth-1"></a><span><code class="code">\columnwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccolumnwidth-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccolumnsep-2"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccolumnseprule-2"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccolumnwidth-2"></a>
@@ -3387,14 +3336,14 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn"><code class="code">\twocolumn</code></a>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cheadheight'><span><code class="code">\headheight</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cheadheight'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cheadheight"></a><span><code class="code">\headheight</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cheadheight"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cheadheight-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-headheight"></a><p>Height of the box that contains the running head.  The default in the
 <code class="code">article</code>, <code class="code">report</code>, and <code class="code">book</code> classes is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">12pt</samp>&rsquo;,
 at all type sizes.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cheadsep'><span><code class="code">\headsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cheadsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cheadsep"></a><span><code class="code">\headsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cheadsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cheadsep-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-headsep"></a><p>Vertical distance between the bottom of the header line and the top of
 the main text.  The default in the <code class="code">article</code> and <code class="code">report</code>
@@ -3403,7 +3352,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 it is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">0.275in</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfootskip'><span><code class="code">\footskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfootskip'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfootskip"></a><span><code class="code">\footskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfootskip"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfootskip-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-footskip"></a><p>Distance from the baseline of the last line of text to the baseline of
 the page footer.  The default in the <code class="code">article</code> and <code class="code">report</code>
@@ -3412,7 +3361,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">0.38in</samp>&rsquo;, and at 12pt it is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">30pt</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clinewidth'><span><code class="code">\linewidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clinewidth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clinewidth"></a><span><code class="code">\linewidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clinewidth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005clinewidth-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-linewidth"></a><p>Width of the current line, decreased for each nested <code class="code">list</code>
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#list"><code class="code">list</code></a>).  That is, the nominal value for <code class="code">\linewidth</code> is to
@@ -3421,9 +3370,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 <code class="code">\rightmargin</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#itemize"><code class="code">itemize</code></a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmarginparpush'><span><code class="code">\marginparpush</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmarginparpush'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cmarginsep'><span><code class="code">\marginsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmarginsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cmarginparwidth'><span><code class="code">\marginparwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmarginparwidth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmarginparpush"></a><span><code class="code">\marginparpush</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmarginparpush"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmarginsep"></a><span><code class="code">\marginsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmarginsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmarginparwidth"></a><span><code class="code">\marginparwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmarginparwidth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmarginparpush-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmarginsep-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmarginparwidth-1"></a>
@@ -3452,8 +3401,8 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 distance.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005coddsidemargin-1'><span><code class="code">\oddsidemargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005coddsidemargin-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cevensidemargin-1'><span><code class="code">\evensidemargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cevensidemargin-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005coddsidemargin-1"></a><span><code class="code">\oddsidemargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005coddsidemargin-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cevensidemargin-1"></a><span><code class="code">\evensidemargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cevensidemargin-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005coddsidemargin-2"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cevensidemargin-2"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-oddsidemargin"></a><a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-evensidemargin"></a><p>The <code class="code">\oddsidemargin</code> length is the extra distance between the left side of
@@ -3468,21 +3417,21 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 <code class="code">\evensidemargin</code> is the remainder.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpaperheight'><span><code class="code">\paperheight</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpaperheight'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpaperheight"></a><span><code class="code">\paperheight</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpaperheight"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpaperheight-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-paperheight"></a><p>The height of the paper, as distinct from the height of the print area.
 Normally set with a document class option, as in
 <code class="code">\documentclass[a4paper]{article}</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpaperwidth'><span><code class="code">\paperwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpaperwidth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpaperwidth"></a><span><code class="code">\paperwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpaperwidth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpaperwidth-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-paperwidth"></a><p>The width of the paper, as distinct from the width of the print area.
 Normally set with a document class option, as in
 <code class="code">\documentclass[a4paper]{article}</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextheight'><span><code class="code">\textheight</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextheight'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextheight"></a><span><code class="code">\textheight</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextheight"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctextheight-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-textheight"></a><p>The normal vertical height of the page body.  If the document is set at
 a nominal type size of 10pt then for an <code class="code">article</code> or <code class="code">report</code>
@@ -3492,7 +3441,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">36\baselineskip</samp>&rsquo; for all classes.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextwidth'><span><code class="code">\textwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextwidth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextwidth"></a><span><code class="code">\textwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextwidth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctextwidth-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-textwidth"></a><p>The full horizontal width of the entire page body.  For an
 <code class="code">article</code> or <code class="code">report</code> document, the default is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">345pt</samp>&rsquo;
@@ -3514,14 +3463,14 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 <code class="code">minipage</code> or <code class="code">\parbox</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005chsize'><span><code class="code">\hsize</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005chsize'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005chsize"></a><span><code class="code">\hsize</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005chsize"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005chsize-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-hsize"></a><p>This entry is included for completeness: <code class="code">\hsize</code> is the TeX
 primitive parameter used when text is broken into lines.  It should not
 be used in normal LaTeX documents.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctopmargin'><span><code class="code">\topmargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctopmargin'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctopmargin"></a><span><code class="code">\topmargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctopmargin"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-topmargin"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-topmargin"></a><p>Space between the top of the TeX page (one inch from the top of the
 paper, by default) and the top of the header.  The value is computed
@@ -3530,7 +3479,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 and then divided by two.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctopskip'><span><code class="code">\topskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctopskip'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctopskip"></a><span><code class="code">\topskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctopskip"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctopskip-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="page-layout-parameters-topskip"></a><p>Minimum distance between the top of the page body and the baseline of
 the first line of text.  For the standard classes, the default is the
@@ -3547,7 +3496,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Page-layout-parameters-1">5.5 Page layout parameters</h3
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Floats" accesskey="n" rel="next">Floats</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-layout-parameters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Page layout parameters</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch-1">5.6 <code class="code">\baselineskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\baselinestretch</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch-1"><span>5.6 <code class="code">\baselineskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\baselinestretch</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cbaselineskip"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cbaselinestretch"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbaselineskip-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbaselinestretch"></a>
@@ -3669,7 +3618,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch-1">5.6 <
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\baselineskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\baselinestretch</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Floats-1">5.7 Floats</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Floats-1"><span>5.7 Floats<a class="copiable-link" href="#Floats-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <p>Some typographic elements, such as figures and tables, cannot be broken
 across pages.  They must be typeset outside of the normal flow of text,
@@ -3732,7 +3681,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Floats-1">5.7 Floats</h3>
 <a class="url" href="https://www.texfaq.org/FAQ-figurehere">https://www.texfaq.org/FAQ-figurehere</a>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-float-page'><span><code class="code">p</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-float-page'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-float-page"></a><span><code class="code">p</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-float-page"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>(Page of floats)&mdash;on a separate <em class="dfn">float page</em>, which is a page
 containing no text, only floats.
 </p>
@@ -3780,26 +3729,26 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Floats-1">5.7 Floats</h3>
 <code class="code">\renewcommand{<var class="var">parameter</var>}{<var class="var">decimal between 0 and 1</var>}</code>):
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cbottomfraction'><span><code class="code">\bottomfraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbottomfraction'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbottomfraction"></a><span><code class="code">\bottomfraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbottomfraction"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbottomfraction-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-bottomfraction"></a><p>The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occupied by floats at
 the bottom; default &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.3</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfloatpagefraction'><span><code class="code">\floatpagefraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfloatpagefraction'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfloatpagefraction"></a><span><code class="code">\floatpagefraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfloatpagefraction"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfloatpagefraction-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-floatpagefraction"></a><p>The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by floats;
 default &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.5</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextfraction'><span><code class="code">\textfraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextfraction'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextfraction"></a><span><code class="code">\textfraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextfraction"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctextfraction-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-textfraction"></a><p>Minimum fraction of a page that must be text; if floats take up too
 much space to preserve this much text, floats will be moved to a
 different page.  The default is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.2</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctopfraction'><span><code class="code">\topfraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctopfraction'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctopfraction"></a><span><code class="code">\topfraction</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctopfraction"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctopfraction-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-topfraction"></a><p>Maximum fraction at the top of a page that may be occupied before
 floats; default &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.7</samp>&rsquo;.
@@ -3811,20 +3760,20 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Floats-1">5.7 Floats</h3>
 expression</var>}</code>):
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cfloatsep'><span><code class="code">\floatsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfloatsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfloatsep"></a><span><code class="code">\floatsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfloatsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfloatsep-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-floatsep"></a><p>Space between floats at the top or bottom of a page; default
 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">12pt plus2pt minus2pt</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cintextsep'><span><code class="code">\intextsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cintextsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cintextsep"></a><span><code class="code">\intextsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cintextsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cintextsep-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-intextsep"></a><p>Space above and below a float in the middle of the main text; default
 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">12pt plus2pt minus2pt</samp>&rsquo; for 10 point and 11 point documents,
 and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">14pt plus4pt minus4pt</samp>&rsquo; for 12 point documents.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextfloatsep'><span><code class="code">\textfloatsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextfloatsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextfloatsep"></a><span><code class="code">\textfloatsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextfloatsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctextfloatsep-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-textfloatsep"></a><p>Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page;
 default &lsquo;<samp class="samp">20pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp>&rsquo;.
@@ -3836,25 +3785,25 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Floats-1">5.7 Floats</h3>
 number</var>}</code>):
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-bottomnumber'><span><code class="code">bottomnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-bottomnumber'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-bottomnumber"></a><span><code class="code">bottomnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-bottomnumber"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bottomnumber-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-bottomnumber"></a><p>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the bottom of a text page;
 default 1.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-dbltopnumber'><span><code class="code">dbltopnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-dbltopnumber'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-dbltopnumber"></a><span><code class="code">dbltopnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-dbltopnumber"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dbltopnumber-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-dbltopnumber"></a><p>Maximum number of full-sized floats that can appear at the top of a
 two-column page; default 2.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-topnumber'><span><code class="code">topnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-topnumber'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-topnumber"></a><span><code class="code">topnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-topnumber"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-topnumber-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-topnumber"></a><p>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the top of a text page;
 default 2.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-totalnumber'><span><code class="code">totalnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-totalnumber'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-totalnumber"></a><span><code class="code">totalnumber</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-totalnumber"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-totalnumber-1"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="floats-totalnumber"></a><p>Maximum number of floats that can appear on a text page; default 3.
 </p></dd>
@@ -3880,7 +3829,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Floats-1">5.7 Floats</h3>
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#Floats" accesskey="u" rel="up">Floats</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccaption-1">5.7.1 <code class="code">\caption</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccaption-1"><span>5.7.1 <code class="code">\caption</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ccaption-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccaption"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-captions"></a>
@@ -3980,7 +3929,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccaption-1">5.7.1 <code class="code">\caption<
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="n" rel="next">Cross references</a>, Previous: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Layout</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Sectioning-1"><span>6 Sectioning<a class="copiable-link" href="#Sectioning-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sectioning-commands"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-part"></a>
@@ -4071,7 +4020,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</h2>
 <p>Two counters relate to the appearance of headings made by sectioning commands.
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-secnumdepth'><span><code class="code">secnumdepth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-secnumdepth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-secnumdepth"></a><span><code class="code">secnumdepth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-secnumdepth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-secnumdepth-counter"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-section-numbers_002c-printing"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="sectioning-secnumdepth"></a><a class="anchor" id="Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth"></a><p>Controls which sectioning unit are numbered.  Setting the counter with
@@ -4086,7 +4035,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</h2>
 &nbsp;2 in the <samp class="file">book</samp> and <samp class="file">report</samp> classes.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-tocdepth'><span><code class="code">tocdepth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-tocdepth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-tocdepth"></a><span><code class="code">tocdepth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tocdepth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tocdepth-counter"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-of-contents_002c-sectioning-numbers-printed"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="sectioning-tocdepth"></a><a class="anchor" id="Sectioning_002ftocdepth"></a><p>Controls which sectioning units are listed in the table of contents.
@@ -4111,7 +4060,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</h2>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\subsubsection</code>, <code class="code">\paragraph</code>, <code class="code">\subparagraph</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cappendix" accesskey="6"><code class="code">\appendix</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter" accesskey="7"><code class="code">\frontmatter</code>, <code class="code">\mainmatter</code>, <code class="code">\backmatter</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="8"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>, typesetting sectional unit headings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="8"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>: Typesetting sectional unit headings</a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cpart">
@@ -4119,7 +4068,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cchapter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\chapter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpart-1">6.1 <code class="code">\part</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpart-1"><span>6.1 <code class="code">\part</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cpart-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpart-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-part-1"></a>
@@ -4196,7 +4145,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpart-1">6.1 <code class="code">\part</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005csection" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\section</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpart" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\part</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cchapter-1">6.2 <code class="code">\chapter</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cchapter-1"><span>6.2 <code class="code">\chapter</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cchapter-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cchapter-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-chapter-1"></a>
@@ -4324,7 +4273,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cchapter-1">6.2 <code class="code">\chapter</code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005csubsection" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\subsection</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cchapter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\chapter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csection-1">6.3 <code class="code">\section</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csection-1"><span>6.3 <code class="code">\section</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csection-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csection-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-section-1"></a>
@@ -4406,7 +4355,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csection-1">6.3 <code class="code">\section</code
 
 <p>In general, to change the behavior of the <code class="code">\section</code> command, there
 are a number of options.  One is the <code class="code">\@startsection</code> command
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>, typesetting sectional unit headings</a>).  There are also many packages on CTAN that
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>: Typesetting sectional unit headings</a>).  There are also many packages on CTAN that
 address this, including <code class="code">titlesec</code>.  See the documentation but the
 example below gives a sense of what they can do.
 </p>
@@ -4431,7 +4380,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csection-1">6.3 <code class="code">\section</code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\subsubsection</code>, <code class="code">\paragraph</code>, <code class="code">\subparagraph</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csection" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\section</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csubsection-1">6.4 <code class="code">\subsection</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csubsection-1"><span>6.4 <code class="code">\subsection</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csubsection-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csubsection-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subsection-1"></a>
@@ -4498,7 +4447,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csubsection-1">6.4 <code class="code">\subsection
 
 <p>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the
 <code class="code">\subsection</code> command.  One is the <code class="code">\@startsection</code> command
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>, typesetting sectional unit headings</a>).  There are also many packages on CTAN that
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>: Typesetting sectional unit headings</a>).  There are also many packages on CTAN that
 address this, including <code class="code">titlesec</code>.  See the documentation but the
 example below gives a sense of what they can do.
 </p>
@@ -4522,7 +4471,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csubsection-1">6.4 <code class="code">\subsection
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cappendix" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\appendix</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csubsection" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\subsection</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubparagraph">6.5 <code class="code">\subsubsection</code>, <code class="code">\paragraph</code>, <code class="code">\subparagraph</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubparagraph"><span>6.5 <code class="code">\subsubsection</code>, <code class="code">\paragraph</code>, <code class="code">\subparagraph</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubparagraph"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005csubsubsection"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csubsubsection-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subsubsection-1"></a>
@@ -4604,7 +4553,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubp
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-titlesec-package-5"></a>
 
 <p>There are a number of ways to change the behavior of the these commands.
-One is the <code class="code">\@startsection</code> command (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>, typesetting sectional unit headings</a>).
+One is the <code class="code">\@startsection</code> command (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>: Typesetting sectional unit headings</a>).
 There are also many packages on CTAN that address this, including
 <code class="code">titlesec</code>.  See the documentation on CTAN.
 </p>
@@ -4617,7 +4566,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubp
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\frontmatter</code>, <code class="code">\mainmatter</code>, <code class="code">\backmatter</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\subsubsection</code>, <code class="code">\paragraph</code>, <code class="code">\subparagraph</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
 
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cappendix-1">6.6 <code class="code">\appendix</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cappendix-1"><span>6.6 <code class="code">\appendix</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cappendix-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cappendix"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-appendix"></a>
@@ -4669,9 +4618,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cappendix-1">6.6 <code class="code">\appendix</co
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>, typesetting sectional unit headings</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cappendix" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\appendix</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\@startsection</code>: Typesetting sectional unit headings</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cappendix" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\appendix</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfrontmatter_002c-_005cmainmatter_002c-_005cbackmatter">6.7 <code class="code">\frontmatter</code>, <code class="code">\mainmatter</code>, <code class="code">\backmatter</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfrontmatter_002c-_005cmainmatter_002c-_005cbackmatter"><span>6.7 <code class="code">\frontmatter</code>, <code class="code">\mainmatter</code>, <code class="code">\backmatter</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter_002c-_005cmainmatter_002c-_005cbackmatter"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cfrontmatter"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfrontmatter"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-book_002c-front-matter"></a>
@@ -4727,7 +4676,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfrontmatter_002c-_005cmainmatter_002c-_005cbackm
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\frontmatter</code>, <code class="code">\mainmatter</code>, <code class="code">\backmatter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040startsection_002c-typesetting-sectional-unit-headings">6.8 <code class="code">\@startsection</code>, typesetting sectional unit headings</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040startsection_003a-Typesetting-sectional-unit-headings"><span>6.8 <code class="code">\@startsection</code>: Typesetting sectional unit headings<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection_003a-Typesetting-sectional-unit-headings"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_0040startsection"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-section_002c-redefining"></a>
@@ -4741,14 +4690,14 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040startsection_002c-typesetting-sectional-uni
 <p>Used to help redefine the behavior of commands that start sectioning
 divisions such as <code class="code">\section</code> or <code class="code">\subsection</code>.
 </p>
-<p>Note that the <code class="code">titlesec</code> package makes manipulation of sectioning
+<p>The <code class="code">titlesec</code> package makes manipulation of sectioning
 easier.  Further, while most requirements for sectioning commands can be
 satisfied with <code class="code">\@startsection</code>, some cannot.  For instance, in
 the standard LaTeX <code class="code">book</code> and <code class="code">report</code> classes the commands
-<code class="code">\chapter</code> and <code class="code">\report</code> are not constructed in this way.  To
+<code class="code">\chapter</code> and <code class="code">\report</code> are not constructed using this.  To
 make such a command you may want to use the <code class="code">\secdef</code> command.
 </p>
-<p>Technically, <code class="code">\@startsection</code> has the form
+<p>The <code class="code">\@startsection</code> macro is used like this:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\@startsection{<var class="var">name</var>}
@@ -4771,7 +4720,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040startsection_002c-typesetting-sectional-uni
 </pre></div>
 
 <p>redefines <code class="code">\section</code> while keeping its standard calling form
-<code class="code">\section*[<var class="var">toctitle</var>]{<var class="var">title</var>}</code> (in which, for reminder,
+<code class="code">\section*[<var class="var">toctitle</var>]{<var class="var">title</var>}</code> (in which, as a reminder,
 the star&nbsp;<code class="code">*</code> is optional).  See <a class="xref" href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a>.  This implies
 that when you write a command like
 <code class="code">\renewcommand{\section}{...}</code>, the
@@ -4822,8 +4771,8 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040startsection_002c-typesetting-sectional-uni
 is inserted before this sectioning unit&rsquo;s title.  This space will be
 discarded if the sectioning unit happens to start at the beginning of a
 page.  If this number is negative then the first paragraph following the
-header is not indented, if it is non-negative then the first paragraph
-is indented.  (Note that the negative of <code class="code">1pt plus 2pt minus 3pt</code>
+header is not indented; if it is non-negative then the first paragraph
+is indented.  (Example: the negative of <code class="code">1pt plus 2pt minus 3pt</code>
 is <code class="code">-1pt plus -2pt minus -3pt</code>.)
 </p>
 <p>For example, if <var class="var">beforeskip</var> is <code class="code">-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -0.2ex</code>
@@ -4891,7 +4840,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040startsection_002c-typesetting-sectional-uni
 <code class="code">\normalfont\Large\bfseries</code>.
 
 </li><li>For <code class="code">subsection</code>: <var class="var">level</var> is 2, <var class="var">indent</var> is 0<span class="dmn">pt</span>,
-<var class="var">beforeskip</var> is <code class="code">-3.25ex plus -1ex minus <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">-0.2ex</span><!-- /@w --></code>,
+<var class="var">beforeskip</var> is <code class="code">-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -0.2ex<!-- /@w --></code>,
 <var class="var">afterskip</var> is <code class="code">1.5ex plus 0.2ex</code>, and <var class="var">style</var> is
 <code class="code">\normalfont\large\bfseries</code>.
 
@@ -4967,7 +4916,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040startsection_002c-typesetting-sectional-uni
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environments</a>, Previous: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Sectioning</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Cross-references-1">7 Cross references</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Cross-references-1"><span>7 Cross references<a class="copiable-link" href="#Cross-references-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cross-references"></a>
 
@@ -5030,7 +4979,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Cross-references-1">7 Cross references</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpageref" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\pageref</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005clabel-1">7.1 <code class="code">\label</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005clabel-1"><span>7.1 <code class="code">\label</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005clabel-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005clabel"></a>
 
@@ -5112,7 +5061,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005clabel-1">7.1 <code class="code">\label</code></h
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cref" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\ref</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005clabel" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\label</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpageref-1">7.2 <code class="code">\pageref</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpageref-1"><span>7.2 <code class="code">\pageref</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cpageref-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpageref"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cross-referencing-with-page-number"></a>
@@ -5152,7 +5101,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpageref-1">7.2 <code class="code">\pageref</code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#xr-package" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">xr</code> package</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpageref" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\pageref</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cref-1">7.3 <code class="code">\ref</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cref-1"><span>7.3 <code class="code">\ref</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cref-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cref"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cross-referencing_002c-symbolic"></a>
@@ -5203,7 +5152,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cref-1">7.3 <code class="code">\ref</code></h3>
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cref" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\ref</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="xr-package-1">7.4 <code class="code">xr</code> package</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="xr-package-1"><span>7.4 <code class="code">xr</code> package<a class="copiable-link" href="#xr-package-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-xr"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-xr-package"></a>
@@ -5289,12 +5238,12 @@ <h3 class="section" id="xr-package-1">7.4 <code class="code">xr</code> package</
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Line breaking</a>, Previous: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Cross references</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Environments-1">8 Environments</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Environments-1"><span>8 Environments<a class="copiable-link" href="#Environments-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environments"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbegin"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cend"></a>
-
+<a class="anchor" id="Environment"></a>
 <p>LaTeX provides many environments for delimiting certain behavior.
 An environment begins with <code class="code">\begin</code> and ends with <code class="code">\end</code>,
 like this:
@@ -5352,7 +5301,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Environments-1">8 Environments</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#array" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">array</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="abstract-1">8.1 <code class="code">abstract</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="abstract-1"><span>8.1 <code class="code">abstract</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#abstract-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-abstract"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-abstract-environment"></a>
@@ -5419,7 +5368,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="abstract-1">8.1 <code class="code">abstract</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#center" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">center</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#abstract" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">abstract</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="array-1">8.2 <code class="code">array</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="array-1"><span>8.2 <code class="code">array</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#array-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-array"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-array-environment"></a>
@@ -5532,7 +5481,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="array-1">8.2 <code class="code">array</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#description" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">description</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#array" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">array</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="center-1">8.3 <code class="code">center</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="center-1"><span>8.3 <code class="code">center</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#center-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-center"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-center-environment"></a>
@@ -5603,7 +5552,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="center-1">8.3 <code class="code">center</code></h3>
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#center" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">center</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccentering-1">8.3.1 <code class="code">\centering</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccentering-1"><span>8.3.1 <code class="code">\centering</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ccentering-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccentering"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-centering-text_002c-declaration-for"></a>
@@ -5663,7 +5612,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccentering-1">8.3.1 <code class="code">\center
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#displaymath" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">displaymath</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#center" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">center</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="description-1">8.4 <code class="code">description</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="description-1"><span>8.4 <code class="code">description</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#description-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-description"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-description-environment"></a>
@@ -5741,7 +5690,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="description-1">8.4 <code class="code">description</code>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#document" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">document</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#description" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">description</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="displaymath-1">8.5 <code class="code">displaymath</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="displaymath-1"><span>8.5 <code class="code">displaymath</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#displaymath-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-displaymath"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-displaymath-environment"></a>
@@ -5773,18 +5722,18 @@ <h3 class="section" id="displaymath-1">8.5 <code class="code">displaymath</code>
 ways in that package for having math text broken across lines.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_005b_002e_002e_002e_005c_005d-display-math"></a>
-<p>The construct <code class="code">\[<var class="var">math</var>\]</code> is a synonym for the environment
+<p>The construct <code class="code">\[ <var class="var">math</var> \]</code> is a synonym for the environment
 <code class="code">\begin{displaymath} <var class="var">math</var> \end{displaymath}</code> but the
 latter is easier to work with in the source; for instance,
 searching for a square bracket may get false positives but the word
 <code class="code">displaymath</code> will likely be unique.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_0024_0024_002e_002e_002e_0024_0024-plain-TeX-display-math"></a>
-<p>(Aside: The construct <code class="code">$$<var class="var">math</var>$$</code> from Plain&nbsp;TeX is
-sometimes mistakenly used as a synonym for <code class="code">displaymath</code>.  It is
+<p>The construct <code class="code">$$<var class="var">math</var>$$</code> from Plain&nbsp;TeX is
+sometimes used as a synonym for LaTeX&rsquo;s <code class="code">displaymath</code>.  It is
 not a synonym, and is not officially supported in LaTeX at all;
 <code class="code">$$</code> doesn&rsquo;t support the <code class="code">fleqn</code> option (see <a class="pxref" href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a>), has different vertical spacing, and doesn&rsquo;t perform
-consistency checks.)
+consistency checks.
 </p>
 <p>The output from this example is centered and alone on its line. 
 </p>
@@ -5805,7 +5754,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="displaymath-1">8.5 <code class="code">displaymath</code>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#enumerate" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">enumerate</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#displaymath" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">displaymath</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="document-1">8.6 <code class="code">document</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="document-1"><span>8.6 <code class="code">document</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#document-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-document"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-document-environment"></a>
@@ -5826,7 +5775,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="document-1">8.6 <code class="code">document</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cAtEndDocument" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\AtEndDocument</code></a>, Up: <a href="#document" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">document</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cAtBeginDocument-1">8.6.1 <code class="code">\AtBeginDocument</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cAtBeginDocument-1"><span>8.6.1 <code class="code">\AtBeginDocument</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDocument-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAtBeginDocument"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-beginning-of-document-hook"></a>
@@ -5854,7 +5803,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cAtBeginDocument-1">8.6.1 <code class="code">\
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDocument" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\AtBeginDocument</code></a>, Up: <a href="#document" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">document</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cAtEndDocument-1">8.6.2 <code class="code">\AtEndDocument</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cAtEndDocument-1"><span>8.6.2 <code class="code">\AtEndDocument</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cAtEndDocument-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAtEndDocument"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-end-of-document-hook"></a>
@@ -5884,7 +5833,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cAtEndDocument-1">8.6.2 <code class="code">\At
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#eqnarray" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">eqnarray</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#document" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">document</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="enumerate-1">8.7 <code class="code">enumerate</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="enumerate-1"><span>8.7 <code class="code">enumerate</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#enumerate-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-enumerate"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enumerate-environment"></a>
@@ -5983,7 +5932,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="enumerate-1">8.7 <code class="code">enumerate</code></h3
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#equation" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">equation</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#enumerate" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">enumerate</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="eqnarray-1">8.8 <code class="code">eqnarray</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="eqnarray-1"><span>8.8 <code class="code">eqnarray</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#eqnarray-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-eqnarray"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-eqnarray-environment"></a>
@@ -6064,7 +6013,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="eqnarray-1">8.8 <code class="code">eqnarray</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#figure" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">figure</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#eqnarray" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">eqnarray</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="equation-1">8.9 <code class="code">equation</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="equation-1"><span>8.9 <code class="code">equation</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#equation-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-equation"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-equation-environment"></a>
@@ -6085,7 +6034,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="equation-1">8.9 <code class="code">equation</code></h3>
 The equation number is generated using the <code class="code">equation</code> counter.
 </p>
 <p>You should have no blank lines between <code class="code">\begin{equation}</code> and
-<code class="code">\begin{equation}</code>, or LaTeX will tell you that there is a
+<code class="code">\end{equation}</code>, or LaTeX will tell you that there is a
 missing dollar sign.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-amsmath-3"></a>
@@ -6102,7 +6051,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="equation-1">8.9 <code class="code">equation</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#filecontents" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">filecontents</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#equation" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">equation</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="figure-1">8.10 <code class="code">figure</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="figure-1"><span>8.10 <code class="code">figure</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#figure-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-figure"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-figure-environment"></a>
@@ -6179,7 +6128,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="figure-1">8.10 <code class="code">figure</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#flushleft" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">flushleft</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#figure" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">figure</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="filecontents-1">8.11 <code class="code">filecontents</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="filecontents-1"><span>8.11 <code class="code">filecontents</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#filecontents-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-filecontents"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-filecontents-environment"></a>
@@ -6218,17 +6167,17 @@ <h3 class="section" id="filecontents-1">8.11 <code class="code">filecontents</co
 <p>The possible options are:
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-force-option-for-filecontents'><span><code class="code">force</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-force-option-for-filecontents'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-overwrite-option-for-filecontents"></a>
+<a id="index-force-option-for-filecontents"></a><span><code class="code">force</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-force-option-for-filecontents"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">overwrite</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-overwrite-option-for-filecontents"></a>
-<p>Overwrite an existing file.
+<dd><p>Overwrite an existing file.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-noheader-option-for-filecontents'><span><code class="code">noheader</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-noheader-option-for-filecontents'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-noheader-option-for-filecontents"></a><span><code class="code">noheader</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-noheader-option-for-filecontents"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Omit the header. Equivalent to using <code class="code">filecontents*</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-nosearch-option-for-filecontents'><span><code class="code">nosearch</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-nosearch-option-for-filecontents'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-nosearch-option-for-filecontents"></a><span><code class="code">nosearch</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-nosearch-option-for-filecontents"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Only check the current directory (and the output directory, if
 specified) for an existing file, not the entire search path.
 </p>
@@ -6277,7 +6226,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="filecontents-1">8.11 <code class="code">filecontents</co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#flushright" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">flushright</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#filecontents" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">filecontents</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="flushleft-1">8.12 <code class="code">flushleft</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="flushleft-1"><span>8.12 <code class="code">flushleft</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#flushleft-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-flushleft"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-flushleft-environment"></a>
@@ -6328,7 +6277,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="flushleft-1">8.12 <code class="code">flushleft</code></h
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#flushleft" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">flushleft</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005craggedright-1">8.12.1 <code class="code">\raggedright</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005craggedright-1"><span>8.12.1 <code class="code">\raggedright</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005craggedright-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005craggedright"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ragged-right-text"></a>
@@ -6382,7 +6331,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005craggedright-1">8.12.1 <code class="code">\rag
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#itemize" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">itemize</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#flushleft" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">flushleft</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="flushright-1">8.13 <code class="code">flushright</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="flushright-1"><span>8.13 <code class="code">flushright</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#flushright-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-flushright"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-flushright-environment"></a>
@@ -6421,7 +6370,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="flushright-1">8.13 <code class="code">flushright</code><
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#flushright" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">flushright</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005craggedleft-1">8.13.1 <code class="code">\raggedleft</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005craggedleft-1"><span>8.13.1 <code class="code">\raggedleft</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005craggedleft-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005craggedleft"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ragged-left-text"></a>
@@ -6449,13 +6398,12 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005craggedleft-1">8.13.1 <code class="code">\ragg
 </p>
 <p>Unlike the <code class="code">flushright</code> environment, the <code class="code">\raggedleft</code>
 command does not start a new paragraph; it only changes how LaTeX
-formats paragraph units.  To affect a paragraph unit&rsquo;s format, the
+formats paragraph units.  To affect a paragraph unit&rsquo;s formatting, the
 scope of the declaration must contain the blank line or <code class="code">\end</code>
 command that ends the paragraph unit.
 </p>
-<p>For an example related to this environment, see&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005craggedright"><code class="code">\raggedright</code></a>,
-where one just have mutatis mutandis to replace <code class="code">\raggedright</code> by
-<code class="code">\raggedleft</code>.
+<p>See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005craggedright"><code class="code">\raggedright</code></a>, for an example related to this environment;
+just replace <code class="code">\raggedright</code> there by <code class="code">\raggedleft</code>.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
@@ -6466,7 +6414,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005craggedleft-1">8.13.1 <code class="code">\ragg
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#letter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">letter</code> environment: writing letters</a>, Previous: <a href="#flushright" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">flushright</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="itemize-1">8.14 <code class="code">itemize</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="itemize-1"><span>8.14 <code class="code">itemize</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#itemize-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-itemize"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-itemize-environment"></a>
@@ -6530,7 +6478,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="itemize-1">8.14 <code class="code">itemize</code></h3>
 </p>
 <ol class="enumerate">
 <li> &bull; (bullet, from <code class="code">\textbullet</code>)
-</li><li> <b class="b">-<span class="w-nolinebreak-text">-</span><!-- /@w --></b> (bold en-dash, from <code class="code">\normalfont\bfseries\textendash</code>)
+</li><li> <b class="b">--<!-- /@w --></b> (bold en-dash, from <code class="code">\normalfont\bfseries\textendash</code>)
 </li><li> * (asterisk, from <code class="code">\textasteriskcentered</code>)
 </li><li> . (vertically centered dot, rendered here as a period, from <code class="code">\textperiodcentered</code>)
 </li></ol>
@@ -6586,8 +6534,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="itemize-1">8.14 <code class="code">itemize</code></h3>
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\newenvironment{itemize*}%
   {\begin{itemize}%
     \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
-    \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}}%
-    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+    \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
+  }%
   {\end{itemize}}
 </pre></div>
 
@@ -6599,7 +6548,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="itemize-1">8.14 <code class="code">itemize</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#list" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">list</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#itemize" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">itemize</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="letter-environment_003a-writing-letters">8.15 <code class="code">letter</code> environment: writing letters</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="letter-environment_003a-writing-letters"><span>8.15 <code class="code">letter</code> environment: writing letters<a class="copiable-link" href="#letter-environment_003a-writing-letters"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-letter"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-letter-environment"></a>
@@ -6615,7 +6564,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="letter-environment_003a-writing-letters">8.15 <code clas
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#math" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">math</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#letter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">letter</code> environment: writing letters</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="list-1"><span>8.16 <code class="code">list</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#list-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-list"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-list-environment"></a>
@@ -6704,16 +6653,16 @@ <h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
 the list.  Each is a length (see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  The vertical spaces are
 normally rubber lengths, with <code class="code">plus</code> and <code class="code">minus</code> components,
 to give TeX flexibility in setting the page.  Change each with a
-command such as <code class="code">\setlength{itemsep}{2pt plus1pt minus1pt}</code>.
+command such as <code class="code">\setlength{\itemsep}{2pt plus1pt minus1pt}</code>.
 For some effects these lengths should be zero or negative.
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005citemindent'><span><code class="code">\itemindent</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005citemindent'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005citemindent"></a><span><code class="code">\itemindent</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005citemindent"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-itemindent"></a><p>Extra horizontal space indentation, beyond <code class="code">leftmargin</code>, of the
 first line each item.  Its default value is <code class="code">0pt</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005citemsep'><span><code class="code">\itemsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005citemsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005citemsep"></a><span><code class="code">\itemsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005citemsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-itemsep"></a><p>Vertical space between items, beyond the <code class="code">\parsep</code>.  The defaults
 for the first three levels in LaTeX&rsquo;s &lsquo;<samp class="samp">article</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">book</samp>&rsquo;,
 and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">report</samp>&rsquo; classes at 10 point size are: <code class="code">4pt plus2pt
@@ -6726,13 +6675,13 @@ <h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
 <code class="code">\topsep</code> (that is, <code class="code">2.5pt plus1pt minus1pt</code>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clabelsep'><span><code class="code">\labelsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clabelsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clabelsep"></a><span><code class="code">\labelsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clabelsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-labelsep"></a><p>Horizontal space between the label and text of an item.
 The default for LaTeX&rsquo;s &lsquo;<samp class="samp">article</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">book</samp>&rsquo;,
 and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">report</samp>&rsquo; classes is <code class="code">0.5em</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clabelwidth'><span><code class="code">\labelwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clabelwidth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clabelwidth"></a><span><code class="code">\labelwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clabelwidth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-labelwidth"></a><p>Horizontal width.  The box containing the label is nominally this wide.
 If <code class="code">\makelabel</code> returns text that is wider than this then the first
 line of the item will be indented to make room for this extra material.
@@ -6754,7 +6703,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
 environment.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cleftmargin-1'><span><code class="code">\leftmargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cleftmargin-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cleftmargin-1"></a><span><code class="code">\leftmargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cleftmargin-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-leftmargin"></a><p>Horizontal space between the left margin of the enclosing environment
 (or the left margin of the page if this is a top-level list), and the
 left margin of this list.  It must be non-negative.
@@ -6772,14 +6721,14 @@ <h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
 <code class="code">2.2em</code>, and <code class="code">\leftmarginiii</code> is <code class="code">1.87em</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clistparindent'><span><code class="code">\listparindent</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clistparindent'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clistparindent"></a><span><code class="code">\listparindent</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clistparindent"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-listparindent"></a><p>Horizontal space of additional line indentation, beyond
 <code class="code">\leftmargin</code>, for second and subsequent paragraphs within a list
 item.  A negative value makes this an &ldquo;outdent&rdquo;.  Its default value
 is <code class="code">0pt</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cparsep'><span><code class="code">\parsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cparsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cparsep"></a><span><code class="code">\parsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cparsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-parsep"></a><p>Vertical space between paragraphs within an item.
 The defaults for the first three levels in LaTeX&rsquo;s &lsquo;<samp class="samp">article</samp>&rsquo;,
 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">book</samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">report</samp>&rsquo; classes at 10 point size are: <code class="code">4pt
@@ -6790,7 +6739,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
 minus1pt</code>, and <code class="code">0pt</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpartopsep'><span><code class="code">\partopsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpartopsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpartopsep"></a><span><code class="code">\partopsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpartopsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-partopsep"></a><p>Vertical space added, beyond <code class="code">\topsep</code>+<code class="code">\parskip</code>, to the top
 and bottom of the entire environment if the list instance is preceded by
 a blank line.  (A blank line in the LaTeX source before the list
@@ -6806,13 +6755,13 @@ <h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
 minus2pt</code>, and <code class="code">1pt plus0pt minus1pt</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crightmargin'><span><code class="code">\rightmargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crightmargin'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crightmargin"></a><span><code class="code">\rightmargin</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crightmargin"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-rightmargin"></a><p>Horizontal space between the right margin of the list and the right
 margin of the enclosing environment.  Its default value is <code class="code">0pt</code>.
 It must be non-negative.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctopsep'><span><code class="code">\topsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctopsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctopsep"></a><span><code class="code">\topsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctopsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-topsep"></a><p>Vertical space added to both the top and bottom of the list, in addition
 to <code class="code">\parskip</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a>).  The defaults for
 the first three levels in LaTeX&rsquo;s &lsquo;<samp class="samp">article</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">book</samp>&rsquo;, and
@@ -6829,7 +6778,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
 <p>This shows the horizontal and vertical distances.
 </p>
 <div class="float">
-<img class="image" src="list.png" alt="latex2e-figures/list">
+<img class="image" src="latex2e-figures/list.png" alt="latex2e-figures/list">
 </div>
 <p>The lengths shown are listed below.  The key relationship is that the
 right edge of the bracket for <var class="var">h1</var> equals the right edge of the
@@ -6899,15 +6848,15 @@ <h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
 page break.
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005c_0040beginparpenalty'><span><code class="code">\@beginparpenalty</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_0040beginparpenalty'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_0040beginparpenalty"></a><span><code class="code">\@beginparpenalty</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_0040beginparpenalty"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-beginparpenalty"></a><p>The page breaking penalty for breaking before the list (default <code class="code">-51</code>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_0040itempenalty'><span><code class="code">\@itempenalty</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_0040itempenalty'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_0040itempenalty"></a><span><code class="code">\@itempenalty</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_0040itempenalty"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-itempenalty"></a><p>The page breaking penalty for breaking before a list item (default <code class="code">-51</code>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_0040endparpenalty'><span><code class="code">\@endparpenalty</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_0040endparpenalty'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_0040endparpenalty"></a><span><code class="code">\@endparpenalty</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_0040endparpenalty"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="list-endparpenalty"></a><p>The page breaking penalty for breaking after a list (default <code class="code">-51</code>).
 </p>
 </dd>
@@ -6952,7 +6901,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="list-1">8.16 <code class="code">list</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#trivlist" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">trivlist</code>: A restricted form of <code class="code">list</code></a>, Up: <a href="#list" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">list</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005citem_003a-An-entry-in-a-list">8.16.1 <code class="code">\item</code>: An entry in a list</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005citem_003a-An-entry-in-a-list"><span>8.16.1 <code class="code">\item</code>: An entry in a list<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005citem_003a-An-entry-in-a-list"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
@@ -7003,7 +6952,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005citem_003a-An-entry-in-a-list">8.16.1 <code cl
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005citem" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\item</code>: An entry in a list</a>, Up: <a href="#list" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">list</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="trivlist_003a-A-restricted-form-of-list">8.16.2 <code class="code">trivlist</code>: A restricted form of <code class="code">list</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="trivlist_003a-A-restricted-form-of-list"><span>8.16.2 <code class="code">trivlist</code>: A restricted form of <code class="code">list</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#trivlist_003a-A-restricted-form-of-list"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
@@ -7057,7 +7006,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="trivlist_003a-A-restricted-form-of-list">8.16.2 <code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#minipage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">minipage</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#list" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">list</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="math-1">8.17 <code class="code">math</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="math-1"><span>8.17 <code class="code">math</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#math-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-math"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-environment"></a>
@@ -7086,7 +7035,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="math-1">8.17 <code class="code">math</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#picture" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">picture</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#math" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">math</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="minipage-1">8.18 <code class="code">minipage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="minipage-1"><span>8.18 <code class="code">minipage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#minipage-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-minipage"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-minipage-environment"></a>
@@ -7150,12 +7099,12 @@ <h3 class="section" id="minipage-1">8.18 <code class="code">minipage</code></h3>
 vertical center lines up with the center of the adjacent text line.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvtop-plain-TeX'><span><code class="code">t</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvtop-plain-TeX'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvtop-plain-TeX"></a><span><code class="code">t</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvtop-plain-TeX"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Align the baseline of the top line in the <code class="code">minipage</code> with the
 baseline of the surrounding text (plain TeX&rsquo;s <code class="code">\vtop</code>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvbox-_0028plain-TeX_0029'><span><code class="code">b</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvbox-_0028plain-TeX_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvbox-_0028plain-TeX_0029"></a><span><code class="code">b</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvbox-_0028plain-TeX_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Align the baseline of the bottom line in the <code class="code">minipage</code> with the
 baseline of the surrounding text (plain TeX&rsquo;s <code class="code">\vbox</code>).
 </p></dd>
@@ -7294,7 +7243,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="minipage-1">8.18 <code class="code">minipage</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#quotation-_0026-quote" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">quotation</code> &amp; <code class="code">quote</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#minipage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">minipage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="picture-1">8.19 <code class="code">picture</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="picture-1"><span>8.19 <code class="code">picture</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#picture-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-picture"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-picture-environment"></a>
@@ -7473,7 +7422,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="picture-1">8.19 <code class="code">picture</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmultiput" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\multiput</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cput-1">8.19.1 <code class="code">\put</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cput-1"><span>8.19.1 <code class="code">\put</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cput-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cput"></a>
 
@@ -7505,7 +7454,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cput-1">8.19.1 <code class="code">\put</code><
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cqbezier" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\qbezier</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cput" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\put</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmultiput-1">8.19.2 <code class="code">\multiput</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmultiput-1"><span>8.19.2 <code class="code">\multiput</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cmultiput-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmultiput"></a>
 
@@ -7541,7 +7490,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmultiput-1">8.19.2 <code class="code">\multip
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cgraphpaper" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\graphpaper</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmultiput" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\multiput</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cqbezier-1">8.19.3 <code class="code">\qbezier</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cqbezier-1"><span>8.19.3 <code class="code">\qbezier</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cqbezier-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cqbezier"></a>
 
@@ -7597,7 +7546,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cqbezier-1">8.19.3 <code class="code">\qbezier
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cline" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\line</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cqbezier" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\qbezier</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cgraphpaper-1">8.19.4 <code class="code">\graphpaper</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cgraphpaper-1"><span>8.19.4 <code class="code">\graphpaper</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cgraphpaper-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cgraphpaper"></a>
 <p>Synopsis:
@@ -7636,7 +7585,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cgraphpaper-1">8.19.4 <code class="code">\grap
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005clinethickness" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\linethickness</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cgraphpaper" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\graphpaper</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cline-1">8.19.5 <code class="code">\line</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cline-1"><span>8.19.5 <code class="code">\line</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cline-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cline"></a>
 
@@ -7714,7 +7663,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cline-1">8.19.5 <code class="code">\line</code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthinlines" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\thinlines</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cline" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\line</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005clinethickness-1">8.19.6 <code class="code">\linethickness</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005clinethickness-1"><span>8.19.6 <code class="code">\linethickness</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005clinethickness-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005clinethickness"></a>
 
@@ -7738,7 +7687,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005clinethickness-1">8.19.6 <code class="code">\l
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthicklines" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\thicklines</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005clinethickness" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\linethickness</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cthinlines-1">8.19.7 <code class="code">\thinlines</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cthinlines-1"><span>8.19.7 <code class="code">\thinlines</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cthinlines-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cthinlines"></a>
 
@@ -7755,7 +7704,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cthinlines-1">8.19.7 <code class="code">\thinl
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccircle" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\circle</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthinlines" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\thinlines</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cthicklines-1">8.19.8 <code class="code">\thicklines</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cthicklines-1"><span>8.19.8 <code class="code">\thicklines</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cthicklines-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cthicklines"></a>
 
@@ -7772,7 +7721,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cthicklines-1">8.19.8 <code class="code">\thic
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005coval" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\oval</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthicklines" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\thicklines</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccircle-1">8.19.9 <code class="code">\circle</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccircle-1"><span>8.19.9 <code class="code">\circle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ccircle-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccircle"></a>
 
@@ -7804,7 +7753,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccircle-1">8.19.9 <code class="code">\circle</
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cshortstack" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\shortstack</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccircle" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\circle</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005coval-1">8.19.10 <code class="code">\oval</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005coval-1"><span>8.19.10 <code class="code">\oval</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005coval-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005coval"></a>
 
@@ -7860,7 +7809,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005coval-1">8.19.10 <code class="code">\oval</cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvector" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\vector</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005coval" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\oval</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cshortstack-1">8.19.11 <code class="code">\shortstack</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cshortstack-1"><span>8.19.11 <code class="code">\shortstack</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cshortstack-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cshortstack"></a>
 
@@ -7927,7 +7876,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cshortstack-1">8.19.11 <code class="code">\sho
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\makebox</code> (picture)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cshortstack" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\shortstack</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cvector-1">8.19.12 <code class="code">\vector</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cvector-1"><span>8.19.12 <code class="code">\vector</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cvector-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cvector"></a>
 
@@ -7961,7 +7910,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cvector-1">8.19.12 <code class="code">\vector<
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\framebox</code> (picture)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvector" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\vector</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029-1">8.19.13 <code class="code">\makebox</code> (picture)</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029-1"><span>8.19.13 <code class="code">\makebox</code> (picture)<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmakebox-_0028for-picture_0029"></a>
 
@@ -8018,7 +7967,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029-1">8.19.13 <code cl
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cframe" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\frame</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\makebox</code> (picture)</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029-1">8.19.14 <code class="code">\framebox</code> (picture)</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029-1"><span>8.19.14 <code class="code">\framebox</code> (picture)<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cframebox"></a>
 
@@ -8069,7 +8018,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029-1">8.19.14 <code c
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cdashbox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\dashbox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\framebox</code> (picture)</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cframe-1">8.19.15 <code class="code">\frame</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cframe-1"><span>8.19.15 <code class="code">\frame</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cframe-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cframe"></a>
 
@@ -8093,7 +8042,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cframe-1">8.19.15 <code class="code">\frame</c
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cframe" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\frame</code></a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">picture</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cdashbox-1">8.19.16 <code class="code">\dashbox</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cdashbox-1"><span>8.19.16 <code class="code">\dashbox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cdashbox-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cdashbox"></a>
 
@@ -8138,7 +8087,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cdashbox-1">8.19.16 <code class="code">\dashbo
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#tabbing" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">tabbing</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#picture" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">picture</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="quotation-_0026-quote-1">8.20 <code class="code">quotation</code> &amp; <code class="code">quote</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="quotation-_0026-quote-1"><span>8.20 <code class="code">quotation</code> &amp; <code class="code">quote</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#quotation-_0026-quote-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="quotation"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-quotation"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quotation-environment"></a>
@@ -8194,7 +8143,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="quotation-_0026-quote-1">8.20 <code class="code">quotati
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#table" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">table</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#quotation-_0026-quote" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">quotation</code> &amp; <code class="code">quote</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="tabbing-1">8.21 <code class="code">tabbing</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="tabbing-1"><span>8.21 <code class="code">tabbing</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#tabbing-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-tabbing"></a>
@@ -8275,44 +8224,44 @@ <h3 class="section" id="tabbing-1">8.21 <code class="code">tabbing</code></h3>
 They are all fragile (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005c_005c-_0028tabbing_0029'><span><code class="code">\\ <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_005c-_0028tabbing_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_005c-_0028tabbing_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\\ <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028tabbing_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>End a tabbed line and typeset it.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_003d-_0028tabbing_0029'><span><code class="code">\= <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_003d-_0028tabbing_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_003d-_0028tabbing_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\= <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_003d-_0028tabbing_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets a tab stop at the current position.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_003e-_0028tabbing_0029'><span><code class="code">\&gt; <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_003e-_0028tabbing_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_003e-_0028tabbing_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\&gt; <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_003e-_0028tabbing_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_003e"></a>
 <p>Advances to the next tab stop.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_003c'><span><code class="code">\&lt;</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_003c'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_003c"></a><span><code class="code">\&lt;</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_003c"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Put following text to the left of the local margin (without changing
 the margin).  Can only be used at the start of the line.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_002b'><span><code class="code">\+</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_002b'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_002b"></a><span><code class="code">\+</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_002b"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Moves the left margin of the next and all the
 following commands one tab stop to the right, beginning tabbed line if
 necessary.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_002d'><span><code class="code">\-</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_002d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_002d"></a><span><code class="code">\-</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_002d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Moves the left margin of the next and all the
 following commands one tab stop to the left, beginning tabbed line if
 necessary.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_0027-_0028tabbing_0029'><span><code class="code">\' <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_0027-_0028tabbing_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_0027-_0028tabbing_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\' <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_0027-_0028tabbing_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Moves everything that you have typed so far in the current column, i.e.,
 everything from the most recent <code class="code">\&gt;</code>, <code class="code">\&lt;</code>, <code class="code">\'</code>,
 <code class="code">\\</code>, or <code class="code">\kill</code> command, to the previous column and aligned
 to the right, flush against the current column&rsquo;s tab stop.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_0060-_0028tabbing_0029'><span><code class="code">\` <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_0060-_0028tabbing_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_0060-_0028tabbing_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\` <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_0060-_0028tabbing_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Allows you to put text flush right against any tab stop, including tab
 stop&nbsp;0.  However, it can&rsquo;t move text to the right of the last
 column because there&rsquo;s no tab stop there.  The <code class="code">\`</code> command moves
@@ -8323,7 +8272,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="tabbing-1">8.21 <code class="code">tabbing</code></h3>
 <code class="code">\end{tabbing}</code> command that ends the line.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ca-_0028tabbing_0029'><span><code class="code">\a <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ca-_0028tabbing_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ca-_0028tabbing_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\a <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ca-_0028tabbing_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ca_0027-_0028acute-accent-in-tabbing_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ca_0060-_0028grave-accent-in-tabbing_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ca_003d-_0028macron-accent-in-tabbing_0029"></a>
@@ -8332,24 +8281,24 @@ <h3 class="section" id="tabbing-1">8.21 <code class="code">tabbing</code></h3>
 use the commands <code class="code">\a=</code>, <code class="code">\a'</code> and <code class="code">\a`</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ckill'><span><code class="code">\kill</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ckill'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ckill"></a><span><code class="code">\kill</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ckill"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets tab stops without producing text.  Works just like <code class="code">\\</code> except
 that it throws away the current line instead of producing output for it.
 Any <code class="code">\=</code>, <code class="code">\+</code> or <code class="code">\-</code> commands in that line remain in
 effect.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpoptabs'><span><code class="code">\poptabs</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpoptabs'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpoptabs"></a><span><code class="code">\poptabs</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpoptabs"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpoptabs-1"></a>
 <p>Restores the tab stop positions saved by the last <code class="code">\pushtabs</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpushtabs'><span><code class="code">\pushtabs</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpushtabs'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpushtabs"></a><span><code class="code">\pushtabs</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpushtabs"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Saves all current tab stop positions. Useful for temporarily changing
 tab stop positions in the middle of a <code class="code">tabbing</code> environment.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctabbingsep'><span><code class="code">\tabbingsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctabbingsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctabbingsep"></a><span><code class="code">\tabbingsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctabbingsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Distance of the text moved by <code class="code">\'</code> to left of current tab stop.
 </p>
 </dd>
@@ -8383,14 +8332,16 @@ <h3 class="section" id="tabbing-1">8.21 <code class="code">tabbing</code></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-algorithm2e"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-algorithm2e-package"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-fancyvrb"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fancyvrb-package"></a>
+
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-listings"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-listings-package"></a>
+
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-minted"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-minted-package"></a>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-fancyvrb"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fancyvrb-package"></a>
-
 <p>This example is just for illustration of the environment.  To actually
 typeset computer code in typewriter like this, a verbatim environment
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#verbatim"><code class="code">verbatim</code></a>) would normally be best.  For pretty-printed code,
@@ -8405,7 +8356,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="tabbing-1">8.21 <code class="code">tabbing</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">tabular</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#tabbing" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">tabbing</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="table-1">8.22 <code class="code">table</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="table-1"><span>8.22 <code class="code">table</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#table-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-table"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-environment"></a>
@@ -8482,7 +8433,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="table-1">8.22 <code class="code">table</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">thebibliography</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#table" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">table</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="tabular-1">8.23 <code class="code">tabular</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="tabular-1"><span>8.23 <code class="code">tabular</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#tabular-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-tabular"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tabular-environment"></a>
@@ -8674,25 +8625,25 @@ <h3 class="section" id="tabular-1">8.23 <code class="code">tabular</code></h3>
 <p>Parameters that control formatting:
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005carrayrulewidth'><span><code class="code">\arrayrulewidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005carrayrulewidth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005carrayrulewidth"></a><span><code class="code">\arrayrulewidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005carrayrulewidth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="tabular-arrayrulewidth"></a><p>A length that is the thickness of the rule created by <code class="code">|</code>,
 <code class="code">\hline</code>, and <code class="code">\vline</code> in the <code class="code">tabular</code> and <code class="code">array</code>
 environments.  The default is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.4pt</samp>&rsquo;. Change it as in
 <code class="code">\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{0.8pt}</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005carraystretch'><span><code class="code">\arraystretch</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005carraystretch'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005carraystretch"></a><span><code class="code">\arraystretch</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005carraystretch"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="tabular-arraystrech"></a><p>A factor by which the spacing between rows in the <code class="code">tabular</code> and
 <code class="code">array</code> environments is multiplied.  The default is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">1</samp>&rsquo;, for
 no scaling.  Change it as <code class="code">\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdoublerulesep'><span><code class="code">\doublerulesep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdoublerulesep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdoublerulesep"></a><span><code class="code">\doublerulesep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdoublerulesep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="tabular-doublerulesep"></a><p>A length that is the distance between the vertical rules produced by the
 <code class="code">||</code> specifier.  The default is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">2pt</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctabcolsep'><span><code class="code">\tabcolsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctabcolsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctabcolsep"></a><span><code class="code">\tabcolsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctabcolsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="tabular-tabcolsep"></a><p>A length that is half of the space between columns. The default is
 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">6pt</samp>&rsquo;.  Change it with <code class="code">\setlength</code>.
 </p>
@@ -8717,7 +8668,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="tabular-1">8.23 <code class="code">tabular</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvline" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\vline</code></a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">tabular</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmulticolumn-1">8.23.1 <code class="code">\multicolumn</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmulticolumn-1"><span>8.23.1 <code class="code">\multicolumn</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmulticolumn"></a>
 
@@ -8820,7 +8771,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmulticolumn-1">8.23.1 <code class="code">\mul
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccline" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\cline</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\multicolumn</code></a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">tabular</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cvline-1">8.23.2 <code class="code">\vline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cvline-1"><span>8.23.2 <code class="code">\vline</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cvline-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cvline"></a>
 <p>Draw a vertical line in a <code class="code">tabular</code> or <code class="code">array</code> environment
@@ -8858,7 +8809,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cvline-1">8.23.2 <code class="code">\vline</co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005chline" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\hline</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvline" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\vline</code></a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">tabular</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccline-1">8.23.3 <code class="code">\cline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccline-1"><span>8.23.3 <code class="code">\cline</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ccline-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccline"></a>
 
@@ -8893,7 +8844,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccline-1">8.23.3 <code class="code">\cline</co
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccline" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\cline</code></a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">tabular</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005chline-1">8.23.4 <code class="code">\hline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005chline-1"><span>8.23.4 <code class="code">\hline</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005chline-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005chline"></a>
 
@@ -8923,7 +8874,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005chline-1">8.23.4 <code class="code">\hline</co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#theorem" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">theorem</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">tabular</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="thebibliography-1">8.24 <code class="code">thebibliography</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="thebibliography-1"><span>8.24 <code class="code">thebibliography</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#thebibliography-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-thebibliography"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-thebibliography-environment"></a>
@@ -9007,7 +8958,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="thebibliography-1">8.24 <code class="code">thebibliograp
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccite" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\cite</code></a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">thebibliography</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cbibitem-1">8.24.1 <code class="code">\bibitem</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cbibitem-1"><span>8.24.1 <code class="code">\bibitem</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cbibitem-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbibitem"></a>
 
@@ -9084,7 +9035,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cbibitem-1">8.24.1 <code class="code">\bibitem
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnocite" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\nocite</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbibitem" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\bibitem</code></a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">thebibliography</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccite-1">8.24.2 <code class="code">\cite</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccite-1"><span>8.24.2 <code class="code">\cite</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ccite-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccite"></a>
 
@@ -9150,7 +9101,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccite-1">8.24.2 <code class="code">\cite</code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Using-BibTeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">Using BibTeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccite" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\cite</code></a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">thebibliography</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnocite-1">8.24.3 <code class="code">\nocite</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnocite-1"><span>8.24.3 <code class="code">\nocite</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnocite-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnocite"></a>
 
@@ -9176,7 +9127,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnocite-1">8.24.3 <code class="code">\nocite</
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnocite" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\nocite</code></a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">thebibliography</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Using-BibTeX-1">8.24.4 Using BibTeX</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Using-BibTeX-1"><span>8.24.4 Using BibTeX<a class="copiable-link" href="#Using-BibTeX-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-using-BibTeX"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bibTeX_002c-using"></a>
@@ -9267,7 +9218,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Using-BibTeX-1">8.24.4 Using BibTeX</h4>
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#Using-BibTeX" accesskey="u" rel="up">Using BibTeX</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="BibTeX-error-messages-1">8.24.4.1 BibTeX error messages</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="BibTeX-error-messages-1"><span>8.24.4.1 BibTeX error messages<a class="copiable-link" href="#BibTeX-error-messages-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-BibTeX-error-messages"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-error-messages_002c-from-BibTeX"></a>
@@ -9284,17 +9235,17 @@ <h4 class="subsubsection" id="BibTeX-error-messages-1">8.24.4.1 BibTeX error mes
 errors, and the corresponding user-level commands.
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cbibdata'><span><code class="code">\bibdata</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbibdata'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbibdata"></a><span><code class="code">\bibdata</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbibdata"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbibliography-and-internal-_005cbibdata"></a>
 <p><code class="code">\bibliography</code>
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbibstyle'><span><code class="code">\bibstyle</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbibstyle'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbibstyle"></a><span><code class="code">\bibstyle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbibstyle"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbibliographystyle-and-internal-_005cbibstyle"></a>
 <p><code class="code">\bibliographystyle</code>
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccitation'><span><code class="code">\citation</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccitation'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccitation"></a><span><code class="code">\citation</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccitation"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccite-and-internal-_005ccitation"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnocite-and-internal-_005ccitation"></a>
 <p><code class="code">\cite</code>, <code class="code">\nocite</code>
@@ -9318,7 +9269,7 @@ <h4 class="subsubsection" id="BibTeX-error-messages-1">8.24.4.1 BibTeX error mes
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#titlepage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">titlepage</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">thebibliography</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="theorem-1">8.25 <code class="code">theorem</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="theorem-1"><span>8.25 <code class="code">theorem</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#theorem-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-theorem"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-theorem-environment"></a>
@@ -9370,7 +9321,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="theorem-1">8.25 <code class="code">theorem</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#verbatim" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">verbatim</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#theorem" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">theorem</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="titlepage-1">8.26 <code class="code">titlepage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="titlepage-1"><span>8.26 <code class="code">titlepage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#titlepage-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-titlepage"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-titlepage-environment"></a>
@@ -9426,7 +9377,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="titlepage-1">8.26 <code class="code">titlepage</code></h
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#verse" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">verse</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#titlepage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">titlepage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="verbatim-1">8.27 <code class="code">verbatim</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="verbatim-1"><span>8.27 <code class="code">verbatim</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#verbatim-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-verbatim"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-verbatim-environment"></a>
@@ -9480,11 +9431,11 @@ <h3 class="section" id="verbatim-1">8.27 <code class="code">verbatim</code></h3>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-minted-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-minted-package-1"></a>
 
-<p>One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code.  There are
-packages that are an improvement the <code class="code">verbatim</code> environment.  For
-instance, one improvement is to allow the verbatim inclusion of external
-files, or parts of those files.  Such packages include <code class="code">listings</code>,
-and <code class="code">minted</code>.
+<p>One common use of verbatim input is to typeset computer code.  Some
+packages offer many features not provided by the <code class="code">verbatim</code>
+environment; two of the most popular are <code class="code">listings</code> and
+<code class="code">minted</code>.  For example, they are capable of pretty-printing,
+line numbering, and selecting parts of files for a continuing listing.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-fancyvrb-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fancyvrb-package-1"></a>
@@ -9495,7 +9446,10 @@ <h3 class="section" id="verbatim-1">8.27 <code class="code">verbatim</code></h3>
 <p>A package that provides many more options for verbatim environments is
 <code class="code">fancyvrb</code>.  Another is <code class="code">verbatimbox</code>.
 </p>
-<p>For a list of all the relevant packages, see CTAN (see <a class="pxref" href="#CTAN">CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a>).
+<p>For a list of all the relevant packages, see CTAN (see <a class="pxref" href="#CTAN">CTAN: The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a>),
+particularly the topics <code class="code">listing</code>
+(<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/topic/listing">https://ctan.org/topic/listing</a>) and <code class="code">verbatim</code>
+(<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/topic/verbatim">https://ctan.org/topic/verbatim</a>).
 </p>
 
 
@@ -9508,7 +9462,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="verbatim-1">8.27 <code class="code">verbatim</code></h3>
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#verbatim" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">verbatim</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cverb-1">8.27.1 <code class="code">\verb</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cverb-1"><span>8.27.1 <code class="code">\verb</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cverb-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cverb"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-verbatim-text_002c-inline"></a>
@@ -9561,15 +9515,6 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cverb-1">8.27.1 <code class="code">\verb</code
 is a better option than the <code class="code">\verb</code> command, since
 it allows line breaks.
 </p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-listings-2"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-listings-package-2"></a>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-minted-2"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-minted-package-2"></a>
-
-<p>For computer code there are many packages with advantages over
-<code class="code">\verb</code>.  One is <code class="code">listings</code>, another is <code class="code">minted</code>.
-</p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-cprotect-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cprotect-package-1"></a>
 
@@ -9591,7 +9536,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cverb-1">8.27.1 <code class="code">\verb</code
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#verbatim" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">verbatim</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="verse-1">8.28 <code class="code">verse</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="verse-1"><span>8.28 <code class="code">verse</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#verse-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-verse"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-verse-environment"></a>
@@ -9647,7 +9592,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="verse-1">8.28 <code class="code">verse</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page breaking</a>, Previous: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environments</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Line-breaking-1">9 Line breaking</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Line-breaking-1"><span>9 Line breaking<a class="copiable-link" href="#Line-breaking-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-line-breaking"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-breaking-lines"></a>
@@ -9673,10 +9618,11 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Line-breaking-1">9 Line breaking</h2>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\obeycr</code> &amp; <code class="code">\restorecr</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cnewline" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\newline</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="6"><code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="7"><code class="code">\hyphenation</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" accesskey="8"><code class="code">\linebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nolinebreak</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cslash" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\slash</code>: breakable &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo;</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary" accesskey="6"><code class="code">\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="7"><code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="8"><code class="code">\hyphenation</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" accesskey="9"><code class="code">\linebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nolinebreak</code></a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005c_005c">
@@ -9684,7 +9630,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Line-breaking-1">9 Line breaking</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\obeycr</code> &amp; <code class="code">\restorecr</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_005c-1">9.1 <code class="code">\\</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_005c-1"><span>9.1 <code class="code">\\</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005c_005c-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_005c-_0028force-line-break_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-new-line_002c-starting"></a>
@@ -9770,7 +9716,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_005c-1">9.1 <code class="code">\\</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewline" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\newline</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_005c" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\\</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1">9.2 <code class="code">\obeycr</code> &amp; <code class="code">\restorecr</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1"><span>9.2 <code class="code">\obeycr</code> &amp; <code class="code">\restorecr</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cobeycr"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005crestorecr"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cobeycr"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crestorecr"></a>
@@ -9825,7 +9771,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1">9.2 <code class="
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\obeycr</code> &amp; <code class="code">\restorecr</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewline-1">9.3 <code class="code">\newline</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewline-1"><span>9.3 <code class="code">\newline</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewline-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewline"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-new-line_002c-starting-_0028paragraph-mode_0029"></a>
@@ -9860,9 +9806,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewline-1">9.3 <code class="code">\newline</code
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewline" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newline</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cslash" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\slash</code>: breakable &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo;</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewline" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newline</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029">9.4 <code class="code">\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029"><span>9.4 <code class="code">\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hyphenation_002c-forcing"></a>
@@ -9903,14 +9849,37 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029">9.4 <code
 requires care.
 </p>
 
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cslash">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cslash_003a-breakable-_002f"><span>9.5 <code class="code">\slash</code>: breakable &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cslash_003a-breakable-_002f"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cslash"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-slash-character_002c-breakable"></a>
+
+<p>The <code class="code">\slash</code> command produces a &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo; character and then a
+penalty of the same value as an explicit &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-</samp>&rsquo; character
+(<code class="code">\exhyphenpenalty</code>). This allows TeX to break a line at the
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo;, similar to a hyphen. Hyphenation is allowed in the word part
+preceding the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo;, but not after. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">The input\slash output of the program is complicated.
+</pre></div>
+
+
 <hr>
 </div>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cdiscretionary">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cslash" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\slash</code>: breakable &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo;</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cdiscretionary-_0028generalized-hyphenation-point_0029">9.5 <code class="code">\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cdiscretionary-_0028generalized-hyphenation-point_0029"><span>9.6 <code class="code">\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary-_0028generalized-hyphenation-point_0029"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hyphenation_002c-discretionary"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-discretionary-hyphenation"></a>
 
@@ -9947,7 +9916,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cdiscretionary-_0028generalized-hyphenation-point
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\hyphenation</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy-1">9.6 <code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy-1"><span>9.7 <code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cfussy"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005csloppy"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfussy"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csloppy"></a>
@@ -9976,7 +9945,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy-1">9.6 <code class="code
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="sloppypar-1">9.6.1 <code class="code">sloppypar</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="sloppypar-1"><span>9.7.1 <code class="code">sloppypar</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#sloppypar-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-sloppypar"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sloppypar-environment-1"></a>
@@ -10020,7 +9989,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="sloppypar-1">9.6.1 <code class="code">sloppypar</code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\linebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nolinebreak</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\fussy</code> &amp; <code class="code">\sloppy</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chyphenation-1">9.7 <code class="code">\hyphenation</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chyphenation-1"><span>9.8 <code class="code">\hyphenation</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005chyphenation-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005chyphenation"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hyphenation_002c-defining"></a>
@@ -10033,7 +10002,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chyphenation-1">9.7 <code class="code">\hyphenati
 
 <p>Declares allowed hyphenation points within the words in the list.  The
 words in that list are separated by spaces.  Show permitted points for
-hyphenation with a dash character, <code class="code">-</code>.
+hyphenation with an ASCII dash character, <code class="code">-</code>.
 </p>
 <p>Here is an example:
 </p>
@@ -10042,7 +10011,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chyphenation-1">9.7 <code class="code">\hyphenati
 </pre></div>
 
 <p>Use lowercase letters.  TeX will only hyphenate if the word matches
-exactly, no inflections are tried.  Multiple <code class="code">\hyphenation</code>
+exactly; no inflections are tried.  Multiple <code class="code">\hyphenation</code>
 commands accumulate.
 </p>
 
@@ -10054,7 +10023,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chyphenation-1">9.7 <code class="code">\hyphenati
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\hyphenation</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1">9.8 <code class="code">\linebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nolinebreak</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1"><span>9.9 <code class="code">\linebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nolinebreak</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005clinebreak"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cnolinebreak"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005clinebreak"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnolinebreak"></a>
@@ -10105,7 +10074,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1">9.8 <code cl
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Line breaking</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Page-breaking-1">10 Page breaking</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Page-breaking-1"><span>10 Page breaking<a class="copiable-link" href="#Page-breaking-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-breaking"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-breaking-pages"></a>
@@ -10154,7 +10123,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Page-breaking-1">10 Page breaking</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewpage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\newpage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage-1">10.1 <code class="code">\clearpage</code> &amp; <code class="code">\cleardoublepage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage-1"><span>10.1 <code class="code">\clearpage</code> &amp; <code class="code">\cleardoublepage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cclearpage"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cclearpage"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-flushing-floats-and-starting-a-page"></a>
@@ -10217,7 +10186,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage-1">10.1 <co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\enlargethispage</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\clearpage</code> &amp; <code class="code">\cleardoublepage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewpage-1">10.2 <code class="code">\newpage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewpage-1"><span>10.2 <code class="code">\newpage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewpage-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewpage"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-new-page_002c-starting"></a>
@@ -10266,7 +10235,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewpage-1">10.2 <code class="code">\newpage</cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\pagebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nopagebreak</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewpage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newpage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cenlargethispage-1">10.3 <code class="code">\enlargethispage</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cenlargethispage-1"><span>10.3 <code class="code">\enlargethispage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cenlargethispage"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enlarge-current-page"></a>
@@ -10305,7 +10274,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cenlargethispage-1">10.3 <code class="code">\enla
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\enlargethispage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1">10.4 <code class="code">\pagebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nopagebreak</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1"><span>10.4 <code class="code">\pagebreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nopagebreak</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cpagebreak"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cnopagebreak"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpagebreak"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnopagebreak"></a>
@@ -10360,11 +10329,10 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1">10.4 <code c
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csamepage"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-samepage-environment"></a>
-<p>(There is an obsolete declaration <code class="code">\samepage</code>, which tries to only
-allow a break between two paragraphs.  There is a related environment
-<code class="code">samepage</code>, also obsolete.  Neither of these work reliably.  For
-more on keeping material on the same page, see the FAQ entry
-<a class="url" href="https://texfaq.org/FAQ-nopagebrk">https://texfaq.org/FAQ-nopagebrk</a>.)
+<p>A declaration <code class="code">\samepage</code> and corresponding <code class="code">samepage</code>
+environment try to only allow breaks between paragraphs. They are not
+perfectly reliable.  For more on keeping material on the same page,
+see the FAQ entry <a class="url" href="https://texfaq.org/FAQ-nopagebrk">https://texfaq.org/FAQ-nopagebrk</a>.)
 </p>
 
 <hr>
@@ -10375,7 +10343,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1">10.4 <code c
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Definitions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Page breaking</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Footnotes-1">11 Footnotes</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Footnotes-1"><span>11 Footnotes<a class="copiable-link" href="#Footnotes-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-footnotes_002c-creating"></a>
 
@@ -10414,7 +10382,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Footnotes-1">11 Footnotes</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\footnotemark</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnote-1">11.1 <code class="code">\footnote</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnote-1"><span>11.1 <code class="code">\footnote</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cfootnote-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfootnote"></a>
 
@@ -10425,7 +10393,8 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnote-1">11.1 <code class="code">\footnote</c
 \footnote[<var class="var">number</var>]{<var class="var">text</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Place a footnote <var class="var">text</var> at the bottom of the current page.
+<p>Place a footnote <var class="var">text</var> at the bottom of the current page, with a
+footnote marker at the current position in the text.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">There are over a thousand footnotes in Gibbon's 
@@ -10456,22 +10425,26 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnote-1">11.1 <code class="code">\footnote</c
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes"></a>
 
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cfootnoterule'><span><code class="code">\footnoterule</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfootnoterule'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfootnoterule"></a><span><code class="code">\footnoterule</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfootnoterule"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="footnote-footnoterule"></a><p>Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page&rsquo;s
 footnotes.  Default dimensions in the standard document classes (except
-<code class="code">slides</code>, where it does not appear) is: vertical thickness of
+<code class="code">slides</code>, where it does not appear) are: vertical thickness of
 <code class="code">0.4pt</code>, and horizontal size of <code class="code">0.4\columnwidth</code> long.
 Change the rule with something like this.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\renewcommand{\footnoterule}{% Kerns avoid vertical space
+<pre class="example-preformatted">% \footnoterule is expanded in vertical mode, thus \kern
+% commands ensure that no vertical space is created,
+% and the rule is separated vertically with 2pt
+% above the note text.
+\renewcommand*{\footnoterule}{%
   \kern -3pt                         % This -3 is negative
   \hrule width \textwidth height 1pt % of the sum of this 1
   \kern 2pt}                         % and this 2
 </pre></div>
 
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfootnotesep'><span><code class="code">\footnotesep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfootnotesep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfootnotesep"></a><span><code class="code">\footnotesep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfootnotesep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="footnote-footnotesep"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-strut"></a>
 <p>The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cstrut"><code class="code">\strut</code></a>).  By default, this is set to the normal strut for
@@ -10507,7 +10480,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnote-1">11.1 <code class="code">\footnote</c
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\footnotetext</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnote" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\footnote</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnotemark-1">11.2 <code class="code">\footnotemark</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnotemark-1"><span>11.2 <code class="code">\footnotemark</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfootnotemark"></a>
 
@@ -10538,8 +10511,8 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnotemark-1">11.2 <code class="code">\footnot
 <p>If there are intervening footnotes then you must remember the value of
 the number of the common mark.  This example gives the same
 institutional affiliation to both the first and third authors
-(<code class="code">\thanks</code> is a version of <code class="code">\footnote</code>), by-hand giving the
-number of the footnote.
+(<code class="code">\thanks</code> is a version of <code class="code">\footnote</code>), by explicitly
+specifying the number of the footnote (&lsquo;<samp class="samp">1</samp>&rsquo;).
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\title{A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem}
@@ -10550,19 +10523,6 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnotemark-1">11.2 <code class="code">\footnot
 \maketitle
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>This uses a counter to remember the footnote number.  The third sentence
-is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcounter{footnoteValueSaver}
-All babies are illogical.\footnote{%
-  Lewis Carroll.}\setcounter{footnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}}
-Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile.\footnote{%
-  Captain Hook.}
-Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver}]
-Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
-</pre></div>
-
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-cleveref-2"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cleveref-package-2"></a>
 
@@ -10585,6 +10545,19 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnotemark-1">11.2 <code class="code">\footnot
 
 <p>It will work with the package <code class="code">hyperref</code>.
 </p>
+<p>This uses a counter to remember the footnote number.  The third sentence
+is followed by the same footnote marker as the first.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcounter{footnoteValueSaver}
+All babies are illogical.\footnote{%
+  Lewis Carroll.}\setcounter{footnoteValueSaver}{\value{footnote}}
+Nobody is despised who can manage a crocodile.\footnote{%
+  Captain Hook.}
+Illogical persons are despised.\footnotemark[\value{footnoteValueSaver}]
+Therefore, anyone who can manage a crocodile is not a baby.
+</pre></div>
+
 
 <hr>
 </div>
@@ -10593,7 +10566,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnotemark-1">11.2 <code class="code">\footnot
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes in section headings</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\footnotemark</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnotetext-1">11.3 <code class="code">\footnotetext</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnotetext-1"><span>11.3 <code class="code">\footnotetext</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfootnotetext"></a>
 
@@ -10621,7 +10594,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfootnotetext-1">11.3 <code class="code">\footnot
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes in a table</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\footnotetext</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-in-section-headings-1">11.4 Footnotes in section headings</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-in-section-headings-1"><span>11.4 Footnotes in section headings<a class="copiable-link" href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-footnote_002c-in-section-headings"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-of-contents_002c-avoiding-footnotes"></a>
@@ -10636,7 +10609,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-in-section-headings-1">11.4 Footnotes in secti
 section starts, as usual, but also at the bottom of the table of
 contents, where it is not likely to be desired.  The simplest way
 to have it not appear on the table of contents is to use the optional
-argument to <code class="code">\section</code>
+argument to <code class="code">\section</code>.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\section[Please]{Please\footnote{%
@@ -10654,7 +10627,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-in-section-headings-1">11.4 Footnotes in secti
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes of footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes in section headings</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-in-a-table-1">11.5 Footnotes in a table</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-in-a-table-1"><span>11.5 Footnotes in a table<a class="copiable-link" href="#Footnotes-in-a-table-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-footnote_002c-in-a-table"></a>
 
@@ -10705,7 +10678,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-in-a-table-1">11.5 Footnotes in a table</h3>
       Little is known other than her death.}%
   \stepcounter{mpFootnoteValueSaver}%
     \footnotetext[\value{mpFootnoteValueSaver}]{%
-      Relationship is unresolved in XXI.}
+      Relationship is unresolved.}
 \end{center}
 </pre></div>
 
@@ -10742,7 +10715,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-in-a-table-1">11.5 Footnotes in a table</h3>
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes in a table</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-of-footnotes-1">11.6 Footnotes of footnotes</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-of-footnotes-1"><span>11.6 Footnotes of footnotes<a class="copiable-link" href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-footnote_002c-of-a-footnote"></a>
 
@@ -10773,7 +10746,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Footnotes-of-footnotes-1">11.6 Footnotes of footnotes</h
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Counters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Definitions-1">12 Definitions</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Definitions-1"><span>12 Definitions<a class="copiable-link" href="#Definitions-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-definitions"></a>
 
@@ -10794,7 +10767,8 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Definitions-1">12 Definitions</h2>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont"><code class="code">\newfont</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend"><code class="code">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xspace-package"><code class="code">xspace</code> package</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">
@@ -10802,7 +10776,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Definitions-1">12 Definitions</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\providecommand</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1">12.1 <code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1"><span>12.1 <code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cnewcommand"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005crenewcommand"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewcommand"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crenewcommand"></a>
@@ -10823,7 +10797,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1">12.1 <code
 \newcommand*{\<var class="var">cmd</var>}[<var class="var">nargs</var>][<var class="var">optargdefault</var>]{<var class="var">defn</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>or all the same possibilities with <code class="code">\renewcommand</code> instead of
+<p>or the same six possibilities with <code class="code">\renewcommand</code> instead of
 <code class="code">\newcommand</code>:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
@@ -10835,17 +10809,16 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1">12.1 <code
 \renewcommand*{\<var class="var">cmd</var>}[<var class="var">nargs</var>][<var class="var">optargdefault</var>]{<var class="var">defn</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-
 <p>Define or redefine a command (see also <code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code> in
 <a class="ref" href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a>).
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-starred-form_002c-defining-new-commands"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002a_002dform_002c-defining-new-commands"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005clong"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005clong_002c-not-defining-a-command-as"></a>
 <p>The starred form of these two forbids the arguments from containing
-multiple paragraphs of text (in plain TeX terms: the commands
-are not <code class="code">\long</code>).  With the default form, arguments can be
-multiple paragraphs.
+multiple paragraphs of text (i.e., a <code class="code">\par</code> token; in plain
+TeX terms: the commands are not <code class="code">\long</code>).  With the default
+form, arguments can be multiple paragraphs.
 </p>
 <p>These are the parameters (examples follow):
 </p>
@@ -10865,9 +10838,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1">12.1 <code
 different number of arguments than the old version.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-optional-arguments_002c-defining-and-using'><span><var class="var">optargdefault</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-optional-arguments_002c-defining-and-using'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-arguments_002c-optional_002c-defining-and-using"></a>
-<p>Optional; if this argument is present then the first argument of
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-arguments_002c-optional_002c-defining-and-using"></a>
+<a id="index-optional-arguments_002c-defining-and-using"></a><span><var class="var">optargdefault</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-optional-arguments_002c-defining-and-using"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Optional; if this argument is present then the first argument of
 <code class="code">\<var class="var">cmd</var></code> is optional, with default value <var class="var">optargdefault</var>
 (which may be the empty string).  If <var class="var">optargdefault</var> is not present
 then <code class="code">\<var class="var">cmd</var></code> does not take an optional argument.
@@ -10899,7 +10872,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1">12.1 <code
 may be a LaTeX error, there may be incorrect typeset output, or both.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-parameters_002c-substituting'><span><var class="var">defn</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-parameters_002c-substituting'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-parameters_002c-substituting"></a><span><var class="var">defn</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-parameters_002c-substituting"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Required; the text to be substituted for every occurrence of
 <code class="code">\<var class="var">cmd</var></code>. The parameters <code class="code">#1</code>, <code class="code">#2</code>,
 &hellip;, <code class="code">#<var class="var">nargs</var></code> are replaced by the values supplied when
@@ -10991,7 +10964,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1">12.1 <code
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Control-sequence_002c-control-word-and-control-symbol">12.1.1 Control sequence, control word and control symbol</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Control-sequence_002c-control-word-and-control-symbol"><span>12.1.1 Control sequence, control word and control symbol<a class="copiable-link" href="#Control-sequence_002c-control-word-and-control-symbol"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-control-sequences"></a>
 
@@ -11040,7 +11013,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Control-sequence_002c-control-word-and-control-symbol
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\makeatletter</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makeatother</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cprovidecommand-1">12.2 <code class="code">\providecommand</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cprovidecommand-1"><span>12.2 <code class="code">\providecommand</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cprovidecommand"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-commands_002c-defining-new-ones-1"></a>
@@ -11084,7 +11057,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cprovidecommand-1">12.2 <code class="code">\provi
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\@ifstar</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\providecommand</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother-1">12.3 <code class="code">\makeatletter</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makeatother</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother-1"><span>12.3 <code class="code">\makeatletter</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makeatother</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cmakeatletter"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cmakeatother"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmakeatother"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmakeatother-1"></a>
@@ -11153,7 +11126,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother-1">12.3 <cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\makeatletter</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makeatother</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040ifstar-1">12.4 <code class="code">\@ifstar</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040ifstar-1"><span>12.4 <code class="code">\@ifstar</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_0040ifstar"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-commands_002c-star_002dvariants"></a>
@@ -11254,7 +11227,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_0040ifstar-1">12.4 <code class="code">\@ifstar<
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewlength" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\newlength</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\@ifstar</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcounter_003a-Allocating-a-counter">12.5 <code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcounter_003a-Allocating-a-counter"><span>12.5 <code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter_003a-Allocating-a-counter"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewcounter"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-counters_002c-defining-new"></a>
@@ -11312,7 +11285,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewcounter_003a-Allocating-a-counter">12.5 <code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\newsavebox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewlength-1">12.6 <code class="code">\newlength</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewlength-1"><span>12.6 <code class="code">\newlength</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewlength-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewlength"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lengths_002c-allocating-new"></a>
@@ -11353,7 +11326,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewlength-1">12.6 <code class="code">\newlength<
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\newenvironment</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewenvironment</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewlength" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newlength</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewsavebox-1">12.7 <code class="code">\newsavebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewsavebox-1"><span>12.7 <code class="code">\newsavebox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewsavebox"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-box_002c-allocating-new"></a>
@@ -11395,7 +11368,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewsavebox-1">12.7 <code class="code">\newsavebo
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\newtheorem</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newsavebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1">12.8 <code class="code">\newenvironment</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewenvironment</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1"><span>12.8 <code class="code">\newenvironment</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewenvironment</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cnewenvironment"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005crenewenvironment"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewenvironment"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crenewenvironment"></a>
@@ -11567,7 +11540,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1">12
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewfont" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\newfont</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newenvironment</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewenvironment</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewtheorem-1">12.9 <code class="code">\newtheorem</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewtheorem-1"><span>12.9 <code class="code">\newtheorem</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewtheorem"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-theorems_002c-defining"></a>
@@ -11711,7 +11684,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewtheorem-1">12.9 <code class="code">\newtheore
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cprotect" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newtheorem</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewfont-1">12.10 <code class="code">\newfont</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewfont-1"><span>12.10 <code class="code">\newfont</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewfont-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewfont"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fonts_002c-new-commands-for"></a>
@@ -11760,7 +11733,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cnewfont-1">12.10 <code class="code">\newfont</co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewfont" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newfont</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cprotect-1">12.11 <code class="code">\protect</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cprotect-1"><span>12.11 <code class="code">\protect</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cprotect-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cprotect"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fragile-commands"></a>
@@ -11768,20 +11741,16 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cprotect-1">12.11 <code class="code">\protect</co
 
 <p>All LaTeX commands are either <em class="dfn">fragile</em> or <em class="dfn">robust</em>.  A
 fragile command can break when it is used in the argument to certain
-other commands.  Commands that contain data that LaTeX writes to an
-auxiliary file and re-reads later are fragile.  This includes material
-that goes into a table of contents, list of figures, list of tables,
-etc.  Fragile commands also include line breaks, any command that has an
-optional argument, and many more. To prevent such commands from
-breaking, one solution is to preceded them with the command
-<code class="code">\protect</code>.
+other commands, typically those that write material to the table of
+contents, the cross-reference file, etc.  To prevent fragile
+commands from causing errors, one solution is to precede them with the
+command <code class="code">\protect</code>.
 </p>
 <p>For example, when LaTeX runs the <code class="code">\section{<var class="var">section
 name</var>}</code> command it writes the <var class="var">section name</var> text to the
 <samp class="file">.aux</samp> auxiliary file, moving it there for use elsewhere in the
-document such as in the table of contents.  Any argument that is
-internally expanded by LaTeX without typesetting it directly is
-referred to as a 
+document such as in the table of contents.  Such an argument that is
+used in multiple places is referred to as a
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-moving-arguments"></a>
 <em class="dfn">moving argument</em>.  A command is fragile if it can
 expand during this process into invalid TeX code.  Some examples of
@@ -11791,47 +11760,65 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cprotect-1">12.11 <code class="code">\protect</co
 <code class="code">array</code> environments (see <a class="pxref" href="#tabular"><code class="code">tabular</code></a>).
 </p>
 <p>If you get strange errors from commands used in moving arguments, try
-preceding it with <code class="code">\protect</code>.  Every fragile commands must be
+preceding it with <code class="code">\protect</code>.  Each fragile command must be
 protected with their own <code class="code">\protect</code>.  
 </p>
 <p>Although usually a <code class="code">\protect</code> command doesn&rsquo;t hurt, length
-commands are robust and should not be preceded by a <code class="code">\protect</code>
-command. Nor can a <code class="code">\protect</code> command be used in the argument to
-<code class="code">\addtocounter</code> or <code class="code">\setcounter</code> command.
+commands such as <code class="code">\parindent</code> should not be preceded by a
+<code class="code">\protect</code> command (see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>. Nor can a <code class="code">\protect</code>
+command be used in the argument to <code class="code">\addtocounter</code> or
+<code class="code">\setcounter</code> command (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005csetcounter"><code class="code">\setcounter</code></a> and
+<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005caddtocounter"><code class="code">\addtocounter</code></a>. These commands are already robust.
 </p>
-<p>In this example the <code class="code">\caption</code> command gives a mysterious error
-about an extra curly brace.  Fix the problem by preceding each
-<code class="code">\raisebox</code> command with <code class="code">\protect</code>.
+<p>As of the October 2019 release of LaTeX
+(<a class="url" href="https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews30.pdf">https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews30.pdf</a>),
+most commands that had been previously fragile were fixed to be
+robust. For example, any command taking an optional argument, such as
+<code class="code">\root</code> or <code class="code">\raisebox</code>, was fragile, but is now
+robust. Similarly, <code class="code">\(...\)</code> math was fragile and is now robust
+(<code class="code">$...$</code> has always been robust).
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cverb_002c-as-fragile-command"></a>
+<p>Perhaps the most commonly used remaining fragile command is
+<code class="code">\verb</code>; for example,
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{figure}
   ...
-  \caption{Company headquarters of A\raisebox{1pt}{B}\raisebox{-1pt}{C}}
+  \caption{This \verb|\command| causes an error.}
 \end{figure}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>In the next example the <code class="code">\tableofcontents</code> command gives an error
-because the <code class="code">\(..\)</code> in the section title expands to illegal TeX
-in the <samp class="file">.toc</samp> file.  You can solve this by changing <code class="code">\(..\)</code>
-to <code class="code">\protect\(..\protect\)</code>.
+<p>Adding <code class="code">\protect</code> does not help here. It&rsquo;s usually feasible to
+rewrite the caption (or section heading or whatever) to use
+<code class="code">\texttt</code>, often the simplest solution.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-cprotect-2"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cprotect-package-2"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccprotect"></a>
+<p>Alternatively, to use <code class="code">\verb</code>, you can apply the
+<code class="code">\cprotect</code> command from <code class="code">cprotect</code> package
+(<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/cprotect">https://ctan.org/pkg/cprotect</a>) to the <code class="code">\caption</code>:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{document}
-\tableofcontents
-...
-\section{Einstein's \( e=mc^2 \)}
-...
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\cprotect\caption{This \verb|\command| is ok with \verb|\cprotect|.}
 </pre></div>
 
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccprotEnv"></a>
+<p><code class="code">\cprotect</code> also allows use of <code class="code">\begin...\end</code> environments
+in moving arguments, where they are normally not allowed, via a
+similar prefix command <code class="code">\cprotEnv</code>.
+</p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#xspace-package" accesskey="n" rel="next">xspace package</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cprotect" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#xspace-package" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">xspace</code> package</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cprotect" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend-1">12.12 <code class="code">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend-1"><span>12.12 <code class="code">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cignorespaces"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cignorespacesafterend"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cignorespaces"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cignorespacesafterend"></a>
@@ -11929,9 +11916,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend-1">
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="xspace-package">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Class and package commands</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="xspace-package-1">12.13 xspace package</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="xspace-package-1"><span>12.13 <code class="code">xspace</code> package<a class="copiable-link" href="#xspace-package-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cxspace"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-xspace"></a>
@@ -11940,7 +11927,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="xspace-package-1">12.13 xspace package</h3>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-commands_002c-ignore-spaces-1"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>This is an add-on package, not part of core LaTeX. Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage{xspace}
@@ -11952,15 +11939,15 @@ <h3 class="section" id="xspace-package-1">12.13 xspace package</h3>
 adds a space unless the command is followed by certain punctuation
 characters.
 </p>
-<p>After a command control sequence that is a control word (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>, as opposed to control symbols such as <code class="code">\$</code>), TeX
-gobbles blank characters.  Thus, in the first sentence below, the output
-has &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Vermont</samp>&rsquo; placed snugly against the period, without any
-intervening space.
+<p>After a control sequence that is a control word (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>, as opposed to control symbols such as <code class="code">\$</code>), TeX
+gobbles blank characters.  Thus, in the first sentence below, the
+output has &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Vermont</samp>&rsquo; placed snugly against the period, without
+any intervening space, despite the space in the input.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\newcommand{\VT}{Vermont}
 Our college is in \VT .
-The \VT{} summers are nice.
+\VT{} summers are nice.
 </pre></div>
 
 <p>But because of the gobbling, the second sentence needs the empty curly
@@ -11982,2094 +11969,2893 @@ <h3 class="section" id="xspace-package-1">12.13 xspace package</h3>
 
 <p>The default exception list contains the characters <code class="code">,.'/?;:!~-)</code>,
 the open curly brace and the backslash-space command discussed above,
-and the commands <code class="code">\footnote</code> or <code class="code">\footnotemark</code>.  Add to that
-list as with <code class="code">\xspaceaddexceptions{\myfni \myfnii}</code> which adds
-<code class="code">\myfni</code> and&nbsp;<code class="code">\myfnii</code> to the list, and remove from that
-list as with <code class="code">\xspaceremoveexception{!}</code>.
+and the commands <code class="code">\footnote</code> or <code class="code">\footnotemark</code>.  You can
+add to that list as with <code class="code">\xspaceaddexceptions{\myfni \myfnii}</code>
+which adds <code class="code">\myfni</code> and&nbsp;<code class="code">\myfnii</code> to the list; and you
+can remove from that list as with <code class="code">\xspaceremoveexception{!}</code>.
 </p>
 <p>A comment: many experts prefer not to use <code class="code">\xspace</code>.  Putting it in
 a definition means that the command will usually get the spacing right.
 But it isn&rsquo;t easy to predict when to enter empty braces because
 <code class="code">\xspace</code> will get it wrong, such as when it is followed by another
 command, and so <code class="code">\xspace</code> can make editing material harder and more
-error-prone than instead always inserting the empty braces.
+error-prone than instead of always inserting the empty braces.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-</div>
-<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Counters">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Class-and-package-commands">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="n" rel="next">Lengths</a>, Previous: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Definitions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#xspace-package" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">xspace</code> package</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Counters-1">13 Counters</h2>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-counters_002c-a-list-of"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-variables_002c-a-list-of"></a>
+<h3 class="section" id="Class-and-package-commands-1"><span>12.14 Class and package commands<a class="copiable-link" href="#Class-and-package-commands-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<p>Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with
-it. The name of the counter is often the same as the name of the
-environment or command associated with the number, except that the
-counter&rsquo;s name has no backslash&nbsp;<code class="code">\</code>.  Thus, associated with
-the <code class="code">\chapter</code> command is the <code class="code">chapter</code> counter that keeps
-track of the chapter number.  
-</p>
-<p>Below is a list of the counters used in LaTeX&rsquo;s standard document
-classes to control numbering.
-</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-part-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-chapter-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-section-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subsection-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subsubsection-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraph-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subparagraph-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-equation-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-figure-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-footnote-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mpfootnote-counter-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enumi-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enumii-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enumiii-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enumiv-counter"></a>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">part            paragraph       figure          enumi
-chapter         subparagraph    table           enumii
-section         page            footnote        enumiii
-subsection      equation        mpfootnote      enumiv
-subsubsection
-</pre></div>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-and-package-commands"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package-and-class-commands"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-commands_002c-class-and-package"></a>
 
-<p>The <code class="code">mpfootnote</code> counter is used by the <code class="code">\footnote</code> command
-inside of a minipage (see <a class="pxref" href="#minipage"><code class="code">minipage</code></a>).  The counters <code class="code">enumi</code>
-through <code class="code">enumiv</code> are used in the <code class="code">enumerate</code> environment, for
-up to four levels of nesting (see <a class="pxref" href="#enumerate"><code class="code">enumerate</code></a>).
-</p>
-<p>Counters can have any integer value but they are typically positive.
-</p>
-<p>New counters are created with <code class="code">\newcounter</code>.  See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter"><code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</a>.
+<p>These are commands designed to help writers of classes or packages.
 </p>
 
-
-
 <ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\usecounter</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\value</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\setcounter</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\addtocounter</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="6"><code class="code">\refstepcounter</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="7"><code class="code">\stepcounter</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear" accesskey="8"><code class="code">\day</code> &amp; <code class="code">\month</code> &amp; <code class="code">\year</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\AtBeginDvi</code> &amp; <code class="code">\AtEndDvi</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\AtEndOfClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\AtEndOfPackage</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cCheckCommand" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\CheckCommand</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\ClassError</code> and <code class="code">\PackageError</code> and others</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cCurrentOption" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\CurrentOption</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption" accesskey="6"><code class="code">\DeclareOption</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand" accesskey="7"><code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cExecuteOptions" accesskey="8"><code class="code">\ExecuteOptions</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists" accesskey="9"><code class="code">\IfFileExists</code> &amp; <code class="code">\InputIfFileExists</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions"><code class="code">\LoadClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\LoadClassWithOptions</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat"><code class="code">\NeedsTeXFormat</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cOptionNotUsed"><code class="code">\OptionNotUsed</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage"><code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions"><code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage"><code class="code">\ProvidesClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvidesPackage</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cProvidesFile"><code class="code">\ProvidesFile</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cRequirePackage-_0026-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions"><code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> &amp; <code class="code">\RequirePackageWithOptions</code></a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\usecounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\AtEndOfClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\AtEndOfPackage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters">13.1 <code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi-1"><span>12.14.1 <code class="code">\AtBeginDvi</code> &amp; <code class="code">\AtEndDvi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-counters_002c-printing"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cAtBeginDvi"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cAtEndDvi"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAtBeginDvi"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAtEndDvi"></a>
 
-<p>Print the value of a counter, in a specified style.  For instance, if
-the counter <var class="var">counter</var> has the value 1 then a
-<code class="code">\alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code> in your source will result in a lowercase
-letter&nbsp;a appearing in the output.
-</p>
-<p>All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
-instance, <code class="code">\alph{enumi}</code>.  Note that the counter name does not
-start with a backslash.
-</p>
-<dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005calph_007bcounter_007d'><span><code class="code">\alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005calph_007bcounter_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Print the value of <var class="var">counter</var> in lowercase letters: &lsquo;a&rsquo;, &lsquo;b&rsquo;,
-<small class="enddots">...</small> If the counter&rsquo;s value is less than 1 or more than 26 then
-you get &lsquo;<samp class="samp">LaTeX Error: Counter too large.</samp>&rsquo;
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cAlph_007bcounter_007d'><span><code class="code">\Alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cAlph_007bcounter_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Print in uppercase letters: &lsquo;A&rsquo;, &lsquo;B&rsquo;, <small class="enddots">...</small> If the counter&rsquo;s value
-is less than 1 or more than 26 then you get &lsquo;<samp class="samp">LaTeX Error: Counter
-too large.</samp>&rsquo;
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005carabic_007bcounter_007d'><span><code class="code">\arabic{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005carabic_007bcounter_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Print in Arabic numbers such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">5</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-2</samp>&rsquo;.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005croman_007bcounter_007d'><span><code class="code">\roman{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005croman_007bcounter_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Print in lowercase roman numerals: &lsquo;i&rsquo;, &lsquo;ii&rsquo;, <small class="enddots">...</small> If the
-counter&rsquo;s value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but
-LaTeX does not print anything in the output.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cRoman_007bcounter_007d'><span><code class="code">\Roman{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cRoman_007bcounter_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Print in uppercase roman numerals: &lsquo;I&rsquo;, &lsquo;II&rsquo;, <small class="enddots">...</small> If the
-counter&rsquo;s value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but
-LaTeX does not print anything in the output.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfnsymbol_007bcounter_007d'><span><code class="code">\fnsymbol{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfnsymbol_007bcounter_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Prints the value of <var class="var">counter</var> using a sequence of nine symbols that
-are traditionally used for labeling footnotes.  The value of
-<var class="var">counter</var> should be between&nbsp;1 and&nbsp;9, inclusive.  If the
-counter&rsquo;s value is less than 0 or more than 9 then you get &lsquo;<samp class="samp">LaTeX
-Error: Counter too large</samp>&rsquo;, while if it is 0 then you get no error or
-warning but LaTeX does not output anything.
-</p>
-<p>Here are the symbols:
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
-<table class="multitable">
-<thead><tr><th width="11%">Number</th><th width="30%">Name</th><th width="30%">Command</th><th width="28%">Symbol</th></tr></thead>
-<tbody><tr><td width="11%">1</td><td width="30%">asterisk</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\ast</code></td><td width="28%">*</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="11%">2</td><td width="30%">dagger</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\dagger</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2020;</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="11%">3</td><td width="30%">ddagger</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\ddagger</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2021;</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="11%">4</td><td width="30%">section-sign</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\S</code></td><td width="28%">&#x00A7;</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="11%">5</td><td width="30%">paragraph-sign</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\P</code></td><td width="28%">&#x00B6;</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="11%">6</td><td width="30%">double-vert</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\parallel</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2016;</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="11%">7</td><td width="30%">double-asterisk</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\ast\ast</code></td><td width="28%">**</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="11%">8</td><td width="30%">double-dagger</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\dagger\dagger</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2020;&#x2020;</td></tr>
-<tr><td width="11%">9</td><td width="30%">double-ddagger</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\ddagger\ddagger</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2021;&#x2021;</td></tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\AtBeginDvi{<var class="var">code</var>}
+\AtEndDvi{<var class="var">code</var>}
+</pre></div>
 
-</dd>
-</dl>
+<p><code class="code">\AtBeginDvi</code> saves, in a box register, <var class="var">code</var> to be executed
+at the beginning of the shipout of the first page of the document.
+Despite the name, it applies to DVI, PDF, and XDV output.  It fills
+the <code class="code">shipout/firstpage</code> hook; new code should use that hook
+directly.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-atenddvi"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-atenddvi-package"></a>
 
+<p>Similarly, <code class="code">\AtEndDvi</code> (previously available only with the
+<code class="code">atenddvi</code> package) is code executed when finalizing the main
+output document.
+</p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cusecounter">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\value</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cCheckCommand" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\CheckCommand</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\AtBeginDvi</code> &amp; <code class="code">\AtEndDvi</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cusecounter-1">13.2 <code class="code">\usecounter</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage-1"><span>12.14.2 <code class="code">\AtEndOfClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\AtEndOfPackage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cusecounter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-list-items_002c-specifying-counter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-numbered-items_002c-specifying-counter"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cAtEndOfClass"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cAtEndOfPackage"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAtEndOfClass"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAtEndOfPackage"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\usecounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\AtEndOfClass{<var class="var">code</var>}
+\AtEndOfPackage{<var class="var">code</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Used in the second argument of the <code class="code">list</code> environment
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#list"><code class="code">list</code></a>), this declares that list items will be numbered by
-<var class="var">counter</var>.  It initializes <var class="var">counter</var> to zero, and arranges that
-when <code class="code">\item</code> is called without its optional argument then
-<var class="var">counter</var> is incremented by <code class="code">\refstepcounter</code>, making its value
-be the current <code class="code">ref</code> value (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cref"><code class="code">\ref</code></a>).  This command is fragile
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
+<p>Hooks to insert <var class="var">code</var> to be executed when LaTeX finishes
+processing the current class resp. package.  
 </p>
-<p>Put in the document preamble, this example makes a new list environment
-enumerated with <var class="var">testcounter</var>:
+<p>These hooks can be used multiple times; each <code class="code">code</code> segment will
+be executed in the order called.  Many packages and classes use these
+commands.
+</p>
+<p>See also <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDocument"><code class="code">\AtBeginDocument</code></a>.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcounter{testcounter}
-\newenvironment{test}{%
-  \begin{list}{}{%
-    \usecounter{testcounter}
-  }
-}{%
-  \end{list}
-}
-</pre></div>
-
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cvalue">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cCheckCommand">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\setcounter</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\usecounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\ClassError</code> and <code class="code">\PackageError</code> and others</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\AtEndOfClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\AtEndOfPackage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cvalue-1">13.3 <code class="code">\value</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cCheckCommand-1"><span>12.14.3 <code class="code">\CheckCommand</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cCheckCommand-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cvalue"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-counters_002c-getting-value-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cCheckCommand"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-new-command_002c-checking-definition-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-long-command"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005clong-command_002c-checking-for"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\value{<var class="var">counter</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\CheckCommand{<var class="var">cmd</var>}[<var class="var">num</var>][<var class="var">default</var>]{<var class="var">definition</var>}
+\CheckCommand* <span class="r">(same parameters)</span>
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Expands to the value of the counter <var class="var">counter</var>. (Note that the name
-of a counter does not begin with a backslash.)
+<p>Like <code class="code">\newcommand</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a>) but does
+not define <var class="var">cmd</var>; instead it checks that the current definition of
+<var class="var">cmd</var> is exactly as given by <var class="var">definition</var> and is or is not
+<em class="dfn"><code class="code">\long</code></em> as expected.  A long command is a command that
+accepts <code class="code">\par</code> within an argument.
 </p>
-<p>This example outputs &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Test counter is&nbsp;6. Other counter
-is&nbsp;5.</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>With the unstarred version of <code class="code">\CheckCommand</code>, <var class="var">cmd</var> is
+expected to be <code class="code">\long</code>; with the starred version, <var class="var">cmd</var> must
+not be <code class="code">\long</code>
+</p>
+<p><code class="code">\CheckCommand</code> raises an error when the check fails.  This
+allows you to check before you start redefining <code class="code">cmd</code> yourself
+that no other package has already redefined this command.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcounter{test} \setcounter{test}{5}
-\newcounter{other} \setcounter{other}{\value{test}}
-\addtocounter{test}{1}
 
-Test counter is \arabic{test}.
-Other counter is \arabic{other}.
-</pre></div>
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cCurrentOption" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\CurrentOption</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cCheckCommand" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\CheckCommand</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others-1"><span>12.14.4 <code class="code">\ClassError</code> and <code class="code">\PackageError</code> and others<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<p>The <code class="code">\value</code> command is not used for typesetting the value of the
-counter.  For that, see <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol"><code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a>.
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cClassError"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cClassWarning"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cClassWarningNoLine"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cClassInfo"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cClassInfoNoLine"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cPackageError"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cPackageWarning"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cPackageWarningNoLine"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cPackageInfo"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cPackageInfoNoLine"></a>
+<p>Produce error, warning, and informational messages for classes:
 </p>
-<p>It is often used in <code class="code">\setcounter</code> or <code class="code">\addtocounter</code> but
-<code class="code">\value</code> can be used anywhere that LaTeX expects a number, such
-as in <code class="code">\hspace{\value{foo}\parindent}</code>.  It must not be
-preceded by <code class="code">\protect</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
+<dl class="table">
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cClassWarning"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cClassWarningNoLine"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cClassInfo"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cClassInfoNoLine"></a>
+<a id="index-_005cClassError"></a><span><code class="code">\ClassError{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">error-text</var>}{<var class="var">help-text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cClassError"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\ClassWarning{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">warning-text</var>}</code></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\ClassWarningNoLine{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">warning-text</var>}</code></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\ClassInfo{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">info-text</var>}</code></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\ClassInfoNoLine{<var class="var">class name</var>}{<var class="var">info-text</var>}</code></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<p>and the same for packages:
+</p><dl class="table">
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPackageWarning"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPackageWarningNoLine"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPackageInfo"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPackageInfoNoLine"></a>
+<a id="index-_005cPackageError"></a><span><code class="code">\PackageError{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">error-text</var>}{<var class="var">help-text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cPackageError"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\PackageWarning{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">warning-text</var>}</code></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\PackageWarningNoLine{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">warning-text</var>}</code></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\PackageInfo{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">info-text</var>}</code></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\PackageInfoNoLine{<var class="var">package name</var>}{<var class="var">info-text</var>}</code></dt>
+</dl>
+
+<p>For <code class="code">\ClassError</code> and <code class="code">\PackageError</code> the message is
+<var class="var">error-text</var>, followed by TeX&rsquo;s &lsquo;<code class="code">?</code>&rsquo; error prompt. If the
+user then asks for help by typing <code class="code">h</code>, they see the <var class="var">help
+text</var>.
 </p>
-<p>This example inserts <code class="code">\hspace{4\parindent}</code>.
+<p>The four <code class="code">Warning</code> commands are similar except that they write
+<var class="var">warning-text</var> on the screen with no error prompt.  The four
+<code class="code">Info</code> commands write <var class="var">info-text</var> only in the transcript
+file.  The <code class="code">NoLine</code> versions omit the number of the line
+generating the message, while the other versions do show that number.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\setcounter{myctr}{3} \addtocounter{myctr}{1}
-\hspace{\value{myctr}\parindent}
-</pre></div>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cprotect_002c-and-message-text"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cspace_002c-and-message-text"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cMessageBreak_002c-and-message-text"></a>
+<p>To format the messages, including the <var class="var">help-text</var>: use
+<code class="code">\protect</code> to stop a command from expanding, get a line break
+with <code class="code">\MessageBreak</code>, and get a space with <code class="code">\space</code> when a
+space character is ignore, most commonly after a command.
+</p>
+<p>LaTeX appends a period to the messages.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cCurrentOption">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareOption</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\ClassError</code> and <code class="code">\PackageError</code> and others</a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cCurrentOption-1"><span>12.14.5 <code class="code">\CurrentOption</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cCurrentOption-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cCurrentOption"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-option_002c-currently-being-processed"></a>
+
+<p>Expands to the name of the option currently being processed.  This can
+only be used within the <var class="var">code</var> argument of either
+<code class="code">\DeclareOption</code> or <code class="code">\DeclareOption*</code>.
+</p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csetcounter">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cDeclareOption">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\addtocounter</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\value</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cCurrentOption" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\CurrentOption</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csetcounter-1">13.4 <code class="code">\setcounter</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareOption-1"><span>12.14.6 <code class="code">\DeclareOption</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csetcounter"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-counters_002c-setting"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-setting-counters"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareOption"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-class-options-2"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package-options-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-class"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-package-1"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\setcounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}{<var class="var">value</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareOption{<var class="var">option</var>}{<var class="var">code</var>}
+\DeclareOption*{<var class="var">option</var>}{<var class="var">code</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Globally set the counter <var class="var">counter</var> to have the value of the
-<var class="var">value</var> argument, which must be an integer.  Thus, you can set a
-counter&rsquo;s value as <code class="code">\setcounter{section}{5}</code>.  Note that the
-counter name does not start with a backslash.
+<p>Define an option a user can include in their <code class="code">\documentclass</code>
+command.  For example, a class <code class="code">smcmemo</code> could have an option
+<code class="code">logo</code> allowing users to put the institutional logo on the first
+page. The document would start with
+<code class="code">\documentclass[logo]{smcmemo}</code>. To enable this, the class file
+must contain <code class="code">\DeclareOption{logo}{<var class="var">code</var>}</code> (and later,
+<code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code>).
 </p>
-<p>In this example if the counter <code class="code">theorem</code> has value 12 then the
-second line will print &lsquo;<samp class="samp">XII</samp>&rsquo;.
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-default-option-processing"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-option-processing-by-default"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Unused-global-option-warning_002c-handling"></a>
+<p>If you request an option that has not been declared, by default this
+will produce a warning like <code class="code">Unused global option(s):
+[badoption].</code>  This can be changed by using
+<code class="code">\DeclareOption*{<var class="var">code</var>}</code>, which executes <var class="var">code</var> for
+any unknown option.
+</p>
+<p>For example, many classes extend an existing class, using code such as
+<code class="code">\LoadClass{article}</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cLoadClass">\LoadClass</a>). In this case, it
+makes sense to pass any otherwise-unknown options to the underlying
+class, like this:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\setcounter{exercise}{\value{theorem}}
-Here it is in Roman: \Roman{exercise}.
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareOption*{%
+  \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}%
+}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>As another example, our class <code class="code">smcmemo</code> might allow users to keep
+lists of memo recipients in external files, so the user could invoke
+<code class="code">\documentclass[math]{smcmemo}</code> and it will read the file
+<code class="code">math.memo</code>.  This code inputs the file if it exists, while if it
+doesn&rsquo;t, the option is passed to the <code class="code">article</code> class:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{\CurrentOption.memo}
+  {}{%
+  \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}}
 </pre></div>
 
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005caddtocounter">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\refstepcounter</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\setcounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cExecuteOptions" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\ExecuteOptions</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareOption</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddtocounter-1">13.5 <code class="code">\addtocounter</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand-1"><span>12.14.7 <code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005caddtocounter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareRobustCommand"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-new-command_002c-definition"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-robust-command_002c-defining"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\addtocounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}{<var class="var">value</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareRobustCommand{<var class="var">cmd</var>}[<var class="var">num</var>][<var class="var">default</var>]{<var class="var">definition</var>}
+\DeclareRobustCommand* <span class="r">(same parameters</span>
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Globally increment <var class="var">counter</var> by the amount specified by the
-<var class="var">value</var> argument, which may be negative.
+<p><code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code> and its starred form are generally like
+<code class="code">\newcommand</code> and <code class="code">\newcommand*</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a>), with the addition that they define a so-called
+<em class="dfn">robust</em> command, even if some code within the <var class="var">definition</var> is
+fragile.  (For a discussion of robust and fragile commands,
+see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>.)
 </p>
-<p>In this example the section value appears as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">VII</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>Also unlike <code class="code">\newcommand</code>, these do not give an error if macro
+<var class="var">cmd</var> already exists; instead, a log message is put into the
+transcript file if a command is redefined.  Thus,
+<code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code> can be used to define new robust commands
+or to redefine existing commands, making them robust.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\setcounter{section}{5}
-\addtocounter{section}{2}
-Here it is in Roman: \Roman{section}.
-</pre></div>
+<p>The starred form, <code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand*</code>, disallows the
+arguments from containing multiple paragraphs, just like the starred
+form of <code class="code">\newcommand</code> and <code class="code">\renewcommand</code>. The meaning of
+the arguments is the same.
+</p>
+<p>Commands defined this way are a bit less efficient than those defined
+using <code class="code">\newcommand</code> so unless the command&rsquo;s data is fragile and the
+command is used within a moving argument, use <code class="code">\newcommand</code>.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-etoolbox"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-etoolbox-package"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-e_002dTeX_002c-and-robust-commands"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewrobustcmd-_0028etoolbox-package_0029"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crenewrobustcmd-_0028etoolbox-package_0029"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cproviderobustcmd-_0028etoolbox-package_0029"></a>
+
+<p>Related to this, the <code class="code">etoolbox</code> package offers three commands
+and their starred forms: <code class="code">\newrobustcmd</code>(<code class="code">*</code>)
+<code class="code">\renewrobustcmd</code>(<code class="code">*</code>), and
+<code class="code">\providerobustcmd</code>(<code class="code">*</code>).  They are similar to
+<code class="code">\newcommand</code>, <code class="code">\renewcommand</code>, and <code class="code">\providecommand</code>
+and their own starred forms, but define a robust <var class="var">cmd</var>. They have
+two possible advantages compared to <code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code>:
+</p>
+<ol class="enumerate">
+<li> They use the low-level e-TeX protection mechanism rather than the
+higher-level LaTeX <code class="code">\protect</code> mechanism, so they do not incur
+the slight loss of performance mentioned above, and
+
+</li><li> They make the same distinction between <code class="code">\new&hellip;</code>,
+<code class="code">\renew&hellip;</code>, and <code class="code">\provide&hellip;</code>, as the standard
+commands. That is, they do not just write a log message when you
+redefine <var class="var">cmd</var> that already exists; you need to use either
+<code class="code">\renew&hellip;</code> or <code class="code">\provide&hellip;</code>, or you get an error.
+This may or may not be a benefit.
+</li></ol>
 
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005crefstepcounter">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cExecuteOptions">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\stepcounter</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\addtocounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\IfFileExists</code> &amp; <code class="code">\InputIfFileExists</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareRobustCommand</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005crefstepcounter-1">13.6 <code class="code">\refstepcounter</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cExecuteOptions-1"><span>12.14.8 <code class="code">\ExecuteOptions</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cExecuteOptions-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crefstepcounter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cExecuteOptions"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\refstepcounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\ExecuteOptions{<var class="var">option-list</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Globally increments the value of <var class="var">counter</var> by one, as does
-<code class="code">\stepcounter</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cstepcounter"><code class="code">\stepcounter</code></a>).  The difference is that this
-command resets the value of any counter numbered within it.  (For the
-definition of &ldquo;counters numbered within&rdquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter"><code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</a>.)
-</p>
-<p>In addition, this command also defines the current <code class="code">\ref</code> value
-to be the result of <code class="code">\thecounter</code>.
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cds_0040option"></a>
+<p>For each option <var class="var">option</var> in <var class="var">option-list</var>, in order, this
+command executes the command <code class="code">\ds@<var class="var">option</var></code>.  If this
+command is not defined then that option is silently ignored.
 </p>
-<p>While the counter value is set globally, the <code class="code">\ref</code> value is set
-locally, i.e., inside the current group.
+<p>This can be used to provide a default option list before
+<code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code>.  For example, if in a class file you want the
+default to be 11pt fonts then you could specify
+<code class="code">\ExecuteOptions{11pt}\ProcessOptions\relax</code>.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cstepcounter">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\day</code> &amp; <code class="code">\month</code> &amp; <code class="code">\year</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\refstepcounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\LoadClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\LoadClassWithOptions</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cExecuteOptions" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\ExecuteOptions</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cstepcounter-1">13.7 <code class="code">\stepcounter</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists-1"><span>12.14.9 <code class="code">\IfFileExists</code> &amp; <code class="code">\InputIfFileExists</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cstepcounter"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cIfFileExists"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cInputIfFileExists"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cIfFileExists"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cInputIfFileExists"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\stepcounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\IfFileExists{<var class="var">filename</var>}{<var class="var">true-code</var>}{<var class="var">false-code</var>}
+\InputIfFileExists{<var class="var">filename</var>}{<var class="var">true-code</var>}{<var class="var">false-code</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Globally adds one to <var class="var">counter</var> and resets all counters numbered
-within it.  (For the definition of &ldquo;counters numbered within&rdquo;,
-see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter"><code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</a>.)
+<p><code class="code">\IfFileExists</code> executes <var class="var">true-code</var> if LaTeX finds the
+file <samp class="file"><var class="var">filename</var></samp> or <var class="var">false-code</var> otherwise.  In the
+first case it executing <var class="var">true-code</var> and then inputs the file.
+Thus the command
 </p>
-<p>This command differs from <code class="code">\refstepcounter</code> in that this one does
-not influence references; that is, it does not define the current
-<code class="code">\ref</code> value to be the result of <code class="code">\thecounter</code>
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter"><code class="code">\refstepcounter</code></a>).
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\IfFileExists{img.pdf}{%
+  \includegraphics{img.pdf}}
+  {\typeout{!! img.pdf not found}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will include the graphic <samp class="file">img.pdf</samp> if it is found and otherwise
+give a warning.
+</p>
+<p>This command looks for the file in all search paths that LaTeX
+uses, not only in the current directory.  To look only in the current
+directory do something like
+<code class="code">\IfFileExists{./<var class="var">filename</var>}{<var class="var">true-code</var>}{<var class="var">false-code</var>}</code>.
+If you ask for a filename without a <code class="code">.tex</code> extension then
+LaTeX will first look for the file by appending the <code class="code">.tex</code>;
+for more on how LaTeX handles file extensions see <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cinput"><code class="code">\input</code></a>.
+</p>
+<p><code class="code">\InputIfFileExists</code> is similar, but, as the name states,
+automatically <code class="code">\input</code>s <var class="var">filename</var> if it exists.  The
+<var class="var">true-code</var> is executed just before the <code class="code">\input</code>; if the file
+doesn&rsquo;t exist, the <var class="var">false-code</var> is executed.  An example:
 </p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\InputIfFileExists{mypkg.cfg}
+  {\PackageInfo{Loading mypkg.cfg for configuration information}}
+  {\PackageInfo{No mypkg.cfg found}}
+</pre></div>
+
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\stepcounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\NeedsTeXFormat</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\IfFileExists</code> &amp; <code class="code">\InputIfFileExists</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear-1">13.8 <code class="code">\day</code> &amp; <code class="code">\month</code> &amp; <code class="code">\year</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions-1"><span>12.14.10 <code class="code">\LoadClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\LoadClassWithOptions</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cday"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cmonth"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cyear"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cday"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmonth"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cyear"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cLoadClass"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cLoadClassWithOptions"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cLoadClass"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cLoadClassWithOptions"></a>
 
-<p>LaTeX defines the counter <code class="code">\day</code> for the day of the month
-(nominally with value between 1 and 31), <code class="code">\month</code> for the month of
-the year (nominally with value between 1 and 12), and <code class="code">\year</code> for
-the year.  When TeX starts up, they are set from the current values
-on the system.  The related command <code class="code">\today</code> produces a string
-representing the current day (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005ctoday"><code class="code">\today</code></a>).
-</p>
-<p>They counters are not updated as the job progresses so in principle they
-could be incorrect by the end.  In addition, TeX does no sanity
-check:
+<p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\day=-2 \month=13 \year=-4 \today
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\LoadClass[<var class="var">options-list</var>]{<var class="var">class-name</var>}[<var class="var">release-date</var>]
+\LoadClassWithOptions{<var class="var">class-name</var>}[<var class="var">release-date</var>]
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>gives no error or warning and results in the output &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-2, -4</samp>&rsquo; (the
-bogus month value produces no output).
+<p>Load a class, as with
+<code class="code">\documentclass[<var class="var">options-list</var>]{<var class="var">class-name</var>}[<var class="var">release-date</var>]</code>.
+An example: <code class="code">\LoadClass[twoside]{article}</code>.
 </p>
-<p>See <a class="xref" href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a>, to force the date to a given value from the
-command line.
+<p>The <var class="var">options-list</var>, if present, is a comma-separated list.  The
+<var class="var">release-date</var> is also optional.  If present it must have the form
+<code class="code">YYYY/MM/DD</code>.
 </p>
+<p>If you request <var class="var">release-date</var> and the date of the package
+installed on your system is earlier, then you get a warning on the
+screen and in the log like this:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">You have requested, on input line 4, version `2038/01/19' of
+document class article, but only version `2014/09/29 v1.4h
+Standard LaTeX document class' is available.
+</pre></div>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPassOptionsToClass_002c-ignoring"></a>
+<p>The command version <code class="code">\LoadClassWithOptions</code> uses the list of
+options for the current class.  This means it ignores any options passed
+to it via <code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass</code>.  This is a convenience command
+that lets you build classes on existing ones, such as the standard
+<code class="code">article</code> class, without having to track which options were passed.
+</p>
+
 <hr>
 </div>
-</div>
-<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Lengths">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="n" rel="next">Making paragraphs</a>, Previous: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Counters</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cOptionNotUsed" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\OptionNotUsed</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\LoadClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\LoadClassWithOptions</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Lengths-1">14 Lengths</h2>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat-1"><span>12.14.11 <code class="code">\NeedsTeXFormat</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lengths_002c-defining-and-using"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cNeedsTeXFormat"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-format_002c-requiring"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-version-of-format_002c-requiring"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-date-of-format_002c-requiring"></a>
 
-<p>A <em class="dfn">length</em> is a measure of distance.  Many LaTeX commands take a
-length as an argument.
-</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rigid-lengths"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rubber-lengths"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dimen-plain-TeX"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-skip-plain-TeX"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glue-plain-TeX"></a>
-<p>Lengths come in two types.  A <em class="dfn">rigid length</em> such as <code class="code">10pt</code>
-does not contain a <code class="code">plus</code> or <code class="code">minus</code> component.  (Plain
-TeX calls this a <em class="dfn">dimen</em>.)  A <em class="dfn">rubber length</em> (what plain
-TeX calls a <em class="dfn">skip</em> or <em class="dfn">glue</em>) such as with <code class="code">1cm
-plus0.05cm minus0.01cm</code> can contain either or both of those
-components.  In that rubber length, the <code class="code">1cm</code> is the <em class="dfn">natural
-length</em> while the other two, the <code class="code">plus</code> and <code class="code">minus</code>
-components, allow TeX to stretch or shrink the length to optimize
-placement.
-</p>
-<p>The illustrations below use these two commands.
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">% make a black bar 10pt tall and #1 wide
-\newcommand{\blackbar}[1]{\rule{#1}{10pt}}
-
-% Make a box around #2 that is #1 wide (excluding the border)
-\newcommand{\showhbox}[2]{%
-  \fboxsep=0pt\fbox{\hbox to #1{#2}}} 
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\NeedsTeXFormat{<var class="var">format</var>}[<var class="var">format-date</var>]
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>This example uses those commands to show a black bar 100&nbsp;points
-long between &lsquo;<samp class="samp">XXX</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">YYY</samp>&rsquo;.  This length is rigid.
+<p>Specifies the format that this class must be run under.  Often issued
+as the first line of a class file, and most often used as:
+<code class="code">\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}</code>.  When a document using that class
+is processed, the format being run must exactly match the <var class="var">format</var>
+name given, including case.  If it does not match then execution stops
+with an error like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">This file needs format `LaTeX2e' but this is
+`plain'.</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>To require a version of the format that you know to have certain
+features, include the optional <var class="var">format-date</var> on which those
+features were implemented.  If present, it must be in the form
+<code class="code">YYYY/MM/DD</code>.  If the format version installed on your system is
+earlier than <var class="var">format date</var> then you get a warning like this.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">XXX\showhbox{100pt}{\blackbar{100pt}}YYY
+<pre class="example-preformatted">You have requested release `2038/01/20' of LaTeX, but only
+release `2016/02/01' is available.
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>As for rubber lengths, shrinking is simpler one: with <code class="code">1cm minus
-0.05cm</code>, the natural length is 1<span class="dmn">cm</span> but TeX can shrink it down
-as far as 0.95<span class="dmn">cm</span>.  Beyond that, TeX refuses to shrink any more.
-Thus, below the first one works fine, producing a space of
-98&nbsp;points between the two bars.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">XXX\showhbox{300pt}{%
-  \blackbar{101pt}\hspace{100pt minus 2pt}\blackbar{101pt}}YYY
 
-XXX\showhbox{300pt}{%
-  \blackbar{105pt}\hspace{100pt minus 1pt}\blackbar{105pt}}YYY
-</pre></div>
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cOptionNotUsed">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\NeedsTeXFormat</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cOptionNotUsed-1"><span>12.14.12 <code class="code">\OptionNotUsed</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cOptionNotUsed-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<p>But the second one gets a warning like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Overfull \hbox (1.0pt too
-wide) detected at line 17</samp>&rsquo;.  In the output the first &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Y</samp>&rsquo; is
-overwritten by the end of the black bar, because the box&rsquo;s material is
-wider than the 300<span class="dmn">pt</span> allocated, as TeX has refused to shrink
-the total to less than 309&nbsp;points.
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cOptionNotUsed"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-unused-options_002c-adding-to-list"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-list-of-unused"></a>
+<p>Adds the current option to the list of unused options.  Can only be used
+within the <var class="var">code</var> argument of either <code class="code">\DeclareOption</code> or
+<code class="code">\DeclareOption*</code>.
 </p>
-<p>Stretching is like shrinking except that if TeX is asked to stretch
-beyond the given amount, it will do it.  Here the first line is fine,
-producing a space of 110&nbsp;points between the bars.
+
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cOptionNotUsed" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\OptionNotUsed</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage-1"><span>12.14.13 <code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
+
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cPassOptionsToPackage"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPassOptionsToClass"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cPassOptionsToPackage"></a>
+
+<p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">XXX\showhbox{300pt}{%
-  \blackbar{95pt}\hspace{100pt plus 10pt}\blackbar{95pt}}YYY
-
-XXX\showhbox{300pt}{%
-  \blackbar{95pt}\hspace{100pt plus 1pt}\blackbar{95pt}}YYY
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\PassOptionsToClass{<var class="var">options</var>}{<var class="var">clsname</var>}
+\PassOptionsToPackage{<var class="var">option</var>}{<var class="var">pkgname</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>In the second line TeX needs a stretch of 10&nbsp;points and only
-1&nbsp;point was specified.  TeX stretches the space to the required
-length but it gives you a warning like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Underfull \hbox (badness
-10000) detected at line 22</samp>&rsquo;.  (We won&rsquo;t discuss badness.)
+<p>Adds the options in the comma-separated list <var class="var">options</var> to the
+options used by any future <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> or
+<code class="code">\usepackage</code> command for the class <var class="var">clsname</var> or the package
+<var class="var">pkgname</var>, respectively.
 </p>
-<p>You can put both stretch and shrink in the same length, as in
-<code class="code">1ex plus 0.05ex minus 0.02ex</code>.
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-option-clash"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-conflict-between-package-options"></a>
+<p>The reason for these commands is that although you may load a package
+any number of times with no options, if you can specify options only
+the first time you load the package.  Loading a package with options
+more than once will get you an error like <code class="code">Option clash for
+package foo.</code>. LaTeX throws an error even if there is no conflict
+between the options.
 </p>
-<p>If TeX is setting two or more rubber lengths then it allocates the
-stretch or shrink in proportion.
+<p>If your own code is bringing in a package twice then you can combine
+the calls; for example, replacing the two
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">XXX\showhbox{300pt}{%
-  \blackbar{100pt}%  left
-  \hspace{0pt plus 50pt}\blackbar{80pt}\hspace{0pt plus 10pt}%  middle
-  \blackbar{100pt}}YYY  % right
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\RequirePackage[landscape]{geometry}
+\RequirePackage[margins=1in]{geometry}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The left and right bars take up 100&nbsp;points, so the middle needs
-another 100.  The middle bar is 80&nbsp;points so the two
-<code class="code">\hspace</code>&rsquo;s must stretch 20&nbsp;points.  Because the two are
-<code class="code">plus 50pt</code> and <code class="code">plus 10pt</code>, TeX gets 5/6 of the stretch
-from the first space and 1/6 from the second.
+<p>with the single command
 </p>
-<p>The <code class="code">plus</code> or <code class="code">minus</code> component of a rubber length can contain
-a <em class="dfn">fill</em> component, as in <code class="code">1in plus2fill</code>.  This gives the
-length infinite stretchability or shrinkability so that TeX could set
-it to any distance.  Here the two figures will be equal-spaced across
-the page.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\RequirePackage[landscape,margins=1in]{geometry}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>However, suppose you are loading <samp class="file">firstpkg</samp> and inside that
+package it loads <samp class="file">secondpkg</samp>, and you need <code class="code">secondpkg</code> to be
+loaded with option <code class="code">draft</code>.  Then before load the first package
+you must tell LaTeX about the desired options for the second
+package, like this:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
-  \hspace{0pt plus 1fill}\includegraphics{godel.png}%
-  \hspace{0pt plus 1fill}\includegraphics{einstein.png}%
-  \hspace{0pt plus 1fill}
-\end{minipage}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{secondpkg}
+\RequirePackage{firstpkg}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>TeX has three levels of infinity for glue components: <code class="code">fil</code>,
-<code class="code">fill</code>, and <code class="code">filll</code>.  The later ones are more infinite than
-the earlier ones.  Ordinarily document authors only use the middle one
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005chfill"><code class="code">\hfill</code></a> and see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cvfill"><code class="code">\vfill</code></a>).
+<p>If <code class="code">firstpkg.sty</code> loads an option in conflict with what you want
+then you may have to alter its source, or yours.
 </p>
-<p>Multiplying a rubber length by a number turns it into a rigid length, so
-that after <code class="code">\setlength{\ylength}{1in plus 0.2in}</code> and
-<code class="code">\setlength{\zlength}{3\ylength}</code> then the value of
-<code class="code">\zlength</code> is <code class="code">3in</code>.
+<p>These commands are useful for general users as well as class and package
+writers.  For instance, suppose a user wants to load the <code class="code">graphicx</code>
+package with the option <code class="code">draft</code> and also wants to use a class
+<code class="code">foo</code> that loads the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package, but without that
+option. The user could start their LaTeX file with
+<code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage{draft}{graphicx} \documentclass{foo}</code>.
 </p>
 
-
-<ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#Units-of-length" accesskey="1">Units of length</a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005csetlength" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\setlength</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\addtolength</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\settodepth</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\settoheight</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="6"><code class="code">\settowidth</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cstretch" accesskey="7"><code class="code">\stretch</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#Expressions" accesskey="8">Expressions</a></li>
-</ul>
 <hr>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Units-of-length">
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cProcessOptions">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005csetlength" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\setlength</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\ProvidesClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvidesPackage</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Units-of-length-1">14.1 Units of length</h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cProcessOptions-1"><span>12.14.14 <code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-units_002c-of-length"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cProcessOptions"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-processing-options"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-processing"></a>
 
-<p>TeX and LaTeX know about these units both inside and outside of
-math mode.
-</p>
-<dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-pt'><span><code class="code">pt</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-pt'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-point"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-pt"></a><p>Point, 1/72.27 inch.  The (approximate) conversion to metric units
-is 1<span class="dmn">point</span> = .35146<span class="dmn">mm</span> = .035146<span class="dmn">cm</span>. 
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-pc'><span><code class="code">pc</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-pc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pica"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-pc"></a><p>Pica, 12 pt
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-in'><span><code class="code">in</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-in'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-inch"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-in"></a><p>Inch, 72.27 pt
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-bp'><span><code class="code">bp</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-bp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-big-point"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-point"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-bp"></a><p>Big point, 1/72 inch.  This length is the definition of a point in
-PostScript and many desktop publishing systems.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\ProcessOptions<var class="var">\@options</var>
+\ProcessOptions*<var class="var">\@options</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Execute the code for each option that the user has invoked.  Invoke it
+in the class file as <code class="code">\ProcessOptions\relax</code> (because of the
+existence of the starred version, described below).
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-global-and-local"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-local-options"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-global-options-2"></a>
+<p>Options come in two types.  <em class="dfn">Local options</em> have been specified
+for this particular package in <code class="code">\usepackage[<var class="var">options</var>]</code>,
+<code class="code">\RequirePackage[<var class="var">options</var>]</code>, or the <var class="var">options</var> argument
+of <code class="code">\PassOptionsToPackage{<var class="var">options</var>}</code>. <em class="dfn">Global options</em>
+are those given by the class user in
+<code class="code">\documentclass[<var class="var">options</var>]</code>. If an option is specified both
+locally and globally then it is local.
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-mm'><span><code class="code">mm</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-millimeter"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-mm"></a><p>Millimeter, 2.845<span class="dmn">pt</span>
+<p>When <code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code> is called for a package <samp class="file">pkg.sty</samp>, the
+following happens:
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-cm'><span><code class="code">cm</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-cm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-centimeter"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-cm"></a><p>Centimeter, 10<span class="dmn">mm</span>
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-dd'><span><code class="code">dd</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-dd'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-didot-point"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-dd"></a><p>Didot point, 1.07 pt
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-cc'><span><code class="code">cc</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-cc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cicero"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-cc"></a><p>Cicero, 12 dd
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-sp'><span><code class="code">sp</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-sp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaled-point"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-sp"></a><p>Scaled point, 1/65536 pt
-</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
+<ol class="enumerate">
+<li> For each option <var class="var">option</var> so far declared with
+<code class="code">\DeclareOption</code>, <code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code> looks to see if that
+option is either global or local for <code class="code">pkg</code>. If so, then it
+executes the declared code.  This is done in the order in which these
+options were given in <samp class="file">pkg.sty</samp>.
 
-<p>Three other units are defined according to the current font, rather
-than being an absolute dimension.
-</p>
-<dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-ex-1'><span><code class="code">ex</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-ex-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-x_002dheight"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ex"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="Lengths_002fex"></a><a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-ex"></a><p>The x-height of the current font <em class="dfn">ex</em>, traditionally the
-height of the lowercase letter x, is often used for vertical
-lengths.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-em-1'><span><code class="code">em</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-em-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-m_002dwidth"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-em"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="Lengths_002fem"></a><a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-em"></a><p>Similarly <em class="dfn">em</em>, traditionally the width of the capital
-letter M, is often used for horizontal lengths.  This is also often
-the size of the current font, e.g., a nominal 10<span class="dmn">pt</span> font will
-have 1<span class="dmn">em</span> = 10<span class="dmn">pt</span>.  LaTeX has several commands to produce
-horizontal spaces based on the em (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad"><code class="code">\enspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\quad</code> &amp; <code class="code">\qquad</code></a>).
+</li><li> For each remaining local option, it executes the command
+<code class="code">\ds@</code><var class="var">option</var> if it has been defined somewhere (other than by
+a <code class="code">\DeclareOption</code>); otherwise, it executes the default option code
+given in <code class="code">\DeclareOption*</code>. If no default option code has been
+declared then it gives an error message.  This is done in the order in
+which these options were specified.
+</li></ol>
+
+<p>When <code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code> is called for a class it works in the same
+way except that all options are local, and the default <var class="var">code</var> for
+<code class="code">\DeclareOption*</code> is <code class="code">\OptionNotUsed</code> rather than an error.
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-mu'><span><code class="code">mu</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mu'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mu_002c-math-unit"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-mu"></a><p>Finally, in math mode, many definitions are expressed in terms
-of the math unit <em class="dfn">mu</em>, defined by 1<span class="dmn">em</span> = 18<span class="dmn">mu</span>, where the
-em is taken from the current math symbols family.  See <a class="xref" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a>.
+<p>The starred version <code class="code">\ProcessOptions*</code> executes the
+options in the order specified in the calling commands, rather than in
+the order of declaration in the class or package. For a package, this
+means that the global options are processed first.
 </p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
 
-<p>Using these units can help make a definition work better across font
-changes.  For example, a definition of the vertical space between list
-items given as <code class="code">\setlength{\itemsep}{1ex plus 0.05ex minus
-0.01ex}</code> is more likely to still be reasonable if the font is changed
-than a definition given in points.
-</p>
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csetlength">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\addtolength</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#Units-of-length" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Units of length</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cProvidesFile" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\ProvidesFile</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\ProcessOptions</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csetlength-1">14.2 <code class="code">\setlength</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage-1"><span>12.14.15 <code class="code">\ProvidesClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvidesPackage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csetlength"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lengths_002c-setting"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cProvidesClass"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cProvidesPackage"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cProvidesClass"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cProvidesPackage"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\setlength{\<var class="var">len</var>}{<var class="var">amount</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\ProvidesClass{<var class="var">clsname</var>}[<var class="var">release-date</var> <span class="r">[</span><var class="var">info-text</var><span class="r">]</span>]
+\ProvidesPackage{<var class="var">pkgname</var>}[<var class="var">release-date</var> <span class="r">[</span><var class="var">info-text</var><span class="r">]</span>]
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Set the length \<var class="var">len</var> to <var class="var">amount</var>.  The length name
-<code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code> has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under
-normal circumstances.  The <var class="var">amount</var> can be a rubber length
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in
-any units that LaTeX understands (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>).
+<p>Identifies the class or package being defined, printing a message to
+the screen and the log file.
 </p>
-<p>Below, with LaTeX&rsquo;s defaults the first paragraph will be indented
-while the second will not.
+<p>When you load a class or package, for example with
+<code class="code">\documentclass{smcmemo}</code> or <code class="code">\usepackage{test}</code>,
+LaTeX inputs a file (<samp class="file">smcmemo.cls</samp> and <samp class="file">test.sty</samp>,
+respectively).  If the name of the file does not match the class or
+package name declared in it then you get a warning.  Thus, if you
+invoke <code class="code">\documentclass{smcmemo}</code>, and the file
+<samp class="file">smcmemo.cls</samp> has the statement <code class="code">\ProvidesClass{foo}</code> then
+you get a warning like <code class="code">You have requested document class
+`smcmemo', but the document class provides 'foo'.</code>  This warning does
+not prevent LaTeX from processing the rest of the class file
+normally.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">I told the doctor I broke my leg in two places.
-
-\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
-He said stop going to those places.
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>If you did not declare \<var class="var">len</var> with <code class="code">\newlength</code>, for example if
-you mistype it as in
-<code class="code">\newlength{\specparindent}\setlength{\sepcparindent}{...}</code>,
-then you get an error like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt;
-\sepcindent</samp>&rsquo;.  If you omit the backslash at the start of the length name
-then you get an error like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing number, treated as zero.</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>If you include the optional argument then you must include a date,
+before any spaces, of the form <code class="code">YYYY/MM/DD</code>. The rest of the
+optional argument is free-form, although it traditionally identifies
+the class. It is written to the screen during compilation and to the
+log file.  Thus, if your file <samp class="file">smcmemo.cls</samp> contains the line
+<code class="code">\ProvidesClass{smcmemo}[2008/06/01 v1.0 SMC memo class]</code> and
+your document&rsquo;s first line is <code class="code">\documentclass{smcmemo}</code> then
+you will see <code class="code">Document Class: smcmemo 2008/06/01 v1.0 SMC memo
+class</code>.
+</p>
+<p>The date in the optional argument allows class and package users to
+ask to be warned if the version of the class or package is earlier
+than <var class="var">release date</var>.  For instance, a user could enter
+<code class="code">\documentclass{smcmemo}[2018/10/12]</code> or
+<code class="code">\usepackage{foo}[[2017/07/07]]</code> to require a class or package
+with certain features by specifying that it must be released no
+earlier than the given date.  Perhaps more importantly, the date
+serves as documentation of the last release. (In practice, package
+users rarely include a date, and class users almost never do.)
 </p>
+
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005caddtolength">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cProvidesFile">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\settodepth</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csetlength" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\setlength</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cRequirePackage-_0026-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> &amp; <code class="code">\RequirePackageWithOptions</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\ProvidesClass</code> &amp; <code class="code">\ProvidesPackage</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddtolength-1">14.3 <code class="code">\addtolength</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cProvidesFile-1"><span>12.14.16 <code class="code">\ProvidesFile</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cProvidesFile-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005caddtolength"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lengths_002c-adding-to"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cProvidesFile"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\addtolength{\<var class="var">len</var>}{<var class="var">amount</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\ProvidesFile{<var class="var">filename</var>}[<var class="var">info-text</var>]
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Increment the length \<var class="var">len</var> by <var class="var">amount</var>.  The length name
-<code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code> has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under
-normal circumstances.  The <var class="var">amount</var> is a rubber length
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in
-any units that LaTeX understands (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>).
+<p>Declare a file other than the main class and package files, such as a
+configuration or font definition file.  It writes the given
+information to the log file, essentially like <code class="code">\ProvidesClass</code>
+and <code class="code">\ProvidesPackage</code> (see the previous section).
 </p>
-<p>Below, if <code class="code">\parskip</code> starts with the value <code class="code">0pt plus 1pt</code> 
+<p>For example:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">Doctor: how is the boy who swallowed the silver dollar?
-\addtolength{\parskip}{1pt}
-
-Nurse: no change.
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\ProvidesFile{smcmemo.cfg}[2017/10/12 config file for smcmemo.cls]
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>then it has the value <code class="code">1pt plus 1pt</code> for the second paragraph.
-</p>
-<p>If you did not declare \<var class="var">len</var> with <code class="code">\newlength</code>, for example if
-you mistype it as in
-<code class="code">\newlength{\specparindent}\addtolength{\sepcparindent}{...}</code>,
-then you get an error like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt;
-\sepcindent</samp>&rsquo;. If the <var class="var">amount</var> uses some length that has not been
-declared, for instance if for example you mistype the above as
-<code class="code">\addtolength{\specparindent}{0.6\praindent}</code>, then you get
-something like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt; \praindent</samp>&rsquo;.
-If you leave off the backslash at the start of \<var class="var">len</var>, as in
-<code class="code">\addtolength{parindent}{1pt}</code>, then you get something like
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">You can't use `the letter p' after \advance</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>writes this into the log:
 </p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">File: smcmemo.cfg 2017/10/12 config file for smcmemo.cls
+</pre></div>
+
+
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csettodepth">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cRequirePackage-_0026-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\settoheight</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\addtolength</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cProvidesFile" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\ProvidesFile</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Class-and-package-commands" accesskey="u" rel="up">Class and package commands</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csettodepth-1">14.4 <code class="code">\settodepth</code></h3>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cRequirePackage-_0026-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions-1"><span>12.14.17 <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> &amp; <code class="code">\RequirePackageWithOptions</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cRequirePackage-_0026-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csettodepth"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cRequirePackage"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cRequirePackageWithOptions"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cRequirePackage"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\settodepth{\<var class="var">len</var>}{<var class="var">text</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\RequirePackage[<var class="var">option-list</var>]{<var class="var">pkgname</var>}[<var class="var">release-date</var>]
+\RequirePackageWithOptions{<var class="var">pkgname</var>}[<var class="var">release-date</var>]
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Set the length \<var class="var">len</var> to the depth of box that LaTeX gets on
-typesetting the <var class="var">text</var> argument.  The length name <code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code>
-has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such
-must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under normal circumstances.
+<p>Load a package, like the command <code class="code">\usepackage</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Additional-packages">Additional packages</a>). An example:<br>
+<code class="code">\RequirePackage[landscape,margin=1in]{geometry}</code>
 </p>
-<p>This will print how low the character descenders go.
+<p>The initial optional argument <var class="var">option-list</var>, if present, must be a
+comma-separated list.  The trailing optional argument
+<var class="var">release-date</var>, if present, must have the form <code class="code">YYYY/MM/DD</code>.
+If the release date of the package as installed on your system is
+earlier than <var class="var">release-date</var> then you get a warning like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">You
+have requested, on input line 9, version `2017/07/03' of package
+jhtest, but only version `2000/01/01' is available</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newlength{\alphabetdepth}
-\settodepth{\alphabetdepth}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
-\the\alphabetdepth
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>If you did not declare \<var class="var">len</var> with <code class="code">\newlength</code>, if for example you
-mistype the above as <code class="code">\settodepth{\aplhabetdepth}{abc...}</code>,
-then you get something like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt;
-\aplhabetdepth</samp>&rsquo;.  If you leave the backslash out of \<var class="var">len</var>, as in
-<code class="code">\settodepth{alphabetdepth}{...}</code> then you get something like
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing number, treated as zero. &lt;to be read again&gt; \setbox</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>The <code class="code">\RequirePackageWithOptions</code> variant uses the list of options
+for the current class.  This means it ignores any options passed to it
+via <code class="code">\PassOptionsToClass</code>.  This is a convenience command to
+allow easily building classes on existing ones without having to track
+which options were passed.
+</p>
+<p>The difference between <code class="code">\usepackage</code> and <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code>
+is small.  The <code class="code">\usepackage</code> command is intended to be used in
+documents, while <code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> is intended for package and
+class files.  The most significant difference in practice is that
+<code class="code">\RequirePackage</code> can be used in a document before the
+<code class="code">\documentclass</code> command, while <code class="code">\usepackage</code> gives an error
+there. The most common need for this nowadays is for the
+<code class="code">\DocumentMetadata</code> command (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata"><code class="code">\DocumentMetadata</code>: Producing tagged PDF output</a>).
+</p>
+<p>The LaTeX development team strongly recommends use of these and
+related commands over Plain&nbsp;TeX&rsquo;s <code class="code">\input</code>; see the Class
+Guide (<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/clsguide">https://ctan.org/pkg/clsguide</a>).
 </p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csettoheight">
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Counters">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\settowidth</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\settodepth</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="n" rel="next">Lengths</a>, Previous: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Definitions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csettoheight-1">14.5 <code class="code">\settoheight</code></h3>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Counters-1"><span>13 Counters<a class="copiable-link" href="#Counters-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csettoheight"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-counters_002c-a-list-of"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-variables_002c-a-list-of"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with
+it. The name of the counter is often the same as the name of the
+environment or command associated with the number, except that the
+counter&rsquo;s name has no backslash&nbsp;<code class="code">\</code>.  Thus, associated with
+the <code class="code">\chapter</code> command is the <code class="code">chapter</code> counter that keeps
+track of the chapter number.  
+</p>
+<p>Below is a list of the counters used in LaTeX&rsquo;s standard document
+classes to control numbering.
 </p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-part-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-chapter-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-section-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subsection-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subsubsection-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraph-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subparagraph-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-equation-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-figure-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-footnote-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mpfootnote-counter-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enumi-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enumii-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enumiii-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enumiv-counter"></a>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\settoheight{\<var class="var">len</var>}{text}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">part            paragraph       figure          enumi
+chapter         subparagraph    table           enumii
+section         page            footnote        enumiii
+subsection      equation        mpfootnote      enumiv
+subsubsection
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Sets the length \<var class="var">len</var> to the height of box that LaTeX gets on
-typesetting the <code class="code">text</code> argument.  The length name <code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code>
-has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such
-must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under normal circumstances.
+<p>The <code class="code">mpfootnote</code> counter is used by the <code class="code">\footnote</code> command
+inside of a minipage (see <a class="pxref" href="#minipage"><code class="code">minipage</code></a>).  The counters <code class="code">enumi</code>
+through <code class="code">enumiv</code> are used in the <code class="code">enumerate</code> environment, for
+up to four levels of nesting (see <a class="pxref" href="#enumerate"><code class="code">enumerate</code></a>).
 </p>
-<p>This will print how high the characters go.
+<p>Counters can have any integer value but they are typically positive.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newlength{\alphabetheight}
-\settoheight{\alphabetheight}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
-\the\alphabetheight
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>If no such length \<var class="var">len</var> has been declared with <code class="code">\newlength</code>, if
-for example you mistype as
-<code class="code">\settoheight{\aplhabetheight}{abc...}</code>, then you get something
-like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt; \alphabetheight</samp>&rsquo;.  If
-you leave the backslash out of \<var class="var">len</var>, as in
-<code class="code">\settoheight{alphabetheight}{...}</code> then you get something like
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing number, treated as zero. &lt;to be read again&gt; \setbox</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>New counters are created with <code class="code">\newcounter</code>.  See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter"><code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</a>.
 </p>
 
+
+<ul class="mini-toc">
+<li><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\usecounter</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\value</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\setcounter</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\addtocounter</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="6"><code class="code">\refstepcounter</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="7"><code class="code">\stepcounter</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear" accesskey="8"><code class="code">\day</code> &amp; <code class="code">\month</code> &amp; <code class="code">\year</code></a></li>
+</ul>
 <hr>
-</div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csettowidth">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstretch" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\stretch</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\settoheight</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\usecounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csettowidth-1">14.6 <code class="code">\settowidth</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters"><span>13.1 <code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csettowidth"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-counters_002c-printing"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Print the value of a counter, in a specified style.  For instance, if
+the counter <var class="var">counter</var> has the value 1 then a
+<code class="code">\alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code> in your source will result in a lowercase
+letter&nbsp;a appearing in the output.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\settowidth{\<var class="var">len</var>}{<var class="var">text</var>}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Set the length \<var class="var">len</var> to the width of the box that LaTeX gets on
-typesetting the <var class="var">text</var> argument.  The length name <code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code>
-has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such
-must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under normal circumstances.
+<p>All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
+instance, <code class="code">\alph{enumi}</code>.  Note that the counter name does not
+start with a backslash.
 </p>
-<p>This prints the width of the lowercase ASCII alphabet.
+<dl class="ftable">
+<dt><a id="index-_005calph_007bcounter_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005calph_007bcounter_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print the value of <var class="var">counter</var> in lowercase letters: &lsquo;a&rsquo;, &lsquo;b&rsquo;,
+<small class="enddots">...</small> If the counter&rsquo;s value is less than 1 or more than 26 then
+you get &lsquo;<samp class="samp">LaTeX Error: Counter too large.</samp>&rsquo;
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newlength{\alphabetwidth}
-\settowidth{\alphabetwidth}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
-\the\alphabetwidth
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>If no such length \<var class="var">len</var> has been declared with <code class="code">\newlength</code>,
-if for example you mistype the above as
-<code class="code">\settowidth{\aplhabetwidth}{abc...}</code>, then you get something
-like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt; \aplhabetwidth</samp>&rsquo;.  If
-you leave the backslash out of \<var class="var">len</var>, as in
-<code class="code">\settoheight{alphabetwidth}{...}</code> then you get something like
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing number, treated as zero. &lt;to be read again&gt; \setbox</samp>&rsquo;.
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cAlph_007bcounter_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\Alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cAlph_007bcounter_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print in uppercase letters: &lsquo;A&rsquo;, &lsquo;B&rsquo;, <small class="enddots">...</small> If the counter&rsquo;s value
+is less than 1 or more than 26 then you get &lsquo;<samp class="samp">LaTeX Error: Counter
+too large.</samp>&rsquo;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005carabic_007bcounter_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\arabic{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005carabic_007bcounter_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print in Arabic numbers such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">5</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-2</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005croman_007bcounter_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\roman{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005croman_007bcounter_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print in lowercase roman numerals: &lsquo;i&rsquo;, &lsquo;ii&rsquo;, <small class="enddots">...</small> If the
+counter&rsquo;s value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but
+LaTeX does not print anything in the output.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cRoman_007bcounter_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\Roman{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cRoman_007bcounter_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print in uppercase roman numerals: &lsquo;I&rsquo;, &lsquo;II&rsquo;, <small class="enddots">...</small> If the
+counter&rsquo;s value is less than 1 then you get no warning or error but
+LaTeX does not print anything in the output.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfnsymbol_007bcounter_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\fnsymbol{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfnsymbol_007bcounter_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Prints the value of <var class="var">counter</var> using a sequence of nine symbols that
+are traditionally used for labeling footnotes.  The value of
+<var class="var">counter</var> should be between&nbsp;1 and&nbsp;9, inclusive.  If the
+counter&rsquo;s value is less than 0 or more than 9 then you get &lsquo;<samp class="samp">LaTeX
+Error: Counter too large</samp>&rsquo;, while if it is 0 then you get no error or
+warning but LaTeX does not output anything.
+</p>
+<p>Here are the symbols:
 </p>
+<table class="multitable">
+<thead><tr><th width="11%">Number</th><th width="30%">Name</th><th width="30%">Command</th><th width="28%">Symbol</th></tr></thead>
+<tbody><tr><td width="11%">1</td><td width="30%">asterisk</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\ast</code></td><td width="28%">*</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="11%">2</td><td width="30%">dagger</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\dagger</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2020;</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="11%">3</td><td width="30%">ddagger</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\ddagger</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2021;</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="11%">4</td><td width="30%">section-sign</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\S</code></td><td width="28%">&#x00A7;</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="11%">5</td><td width="30%">paragraph-sign</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\P</code></td><td width="28%">&#x00B6;</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="11%">6</td><td width="30%">double-vert</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\parallel</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2016;</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="11%">7</td><td width="30%">double-asterisk</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\ast\ast</code></td><td width="28%">**</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="11%">8</td><td width="30%">double-dagger</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\dagger\dagger</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2020;&#x2020;</td></tr>
+<tr><td width="11%">9</td><td width="30%">double-ddagger</td><td width="30%"><code class="code">\ddagger\ddagger</code></td><td width="28%">&#x2021;&#x2021;</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cstretch">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cusecounter">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Expressions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Expressions</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\settowidth</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\value</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cstretch-1">14.7 <code class="code">\stretch</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cusecounter-1"><span>13.2 <code class="code">\usecounter</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cusecounter-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cstretch"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cusecounter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-list-items_002c-specifying-counter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-numbered-items_002c-specifying-counter"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\stretch{<var class="var">number</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\usecounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Produces a rubber length with zero natural length and <var class="var">number</var> times
-<code class="code">\fill</code> units of stretchability (see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  The
-<var class="var">number</var> can be positive or negative.  This command is robust
+<p>Used in the second argument of the <code class="code">list</code> environment
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#list"><code class="code">list</code></a>), this declares that list items will be numbered by
+<var class="var">counter</var>.  It initializes <var class="var">counter</var> to zero, and arranges that
+when <code class="code">\item</code> is called without its optional argument then
+<var class="var">counter</var> is incremented by <code class="code">\refstepcounter</code>, making its value
+be the current <code class="code">ref</code> value (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cref"><code class="code">\ref</code></a>).  This command is fragile
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
 </p>
-<p>It works for both vertical and horizontal spacing.  In this horizontal
-example, LaTeX produces three tick marks, and the distance between
-the first and second is half again as long as the distance between the
-second and third.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\rule{0.4pt}{1ex}\hspace{\stretch{1.5}}%
-  \rule{0.4pt}{1ex}\hspace{\stretch{1}}%
-  \rule{0.4pt}{1ex} 
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>In this vertical example, the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">We dedicate &hellip;</samp>&rsquo; will have three
-times as much space under it as above it.
+<p>Put in the document preamble, this example makes a new list environment
+enumerated with <var class="var">testcounter</var>:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newenvironment{dedication}{% in document preamble
-  \clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}% 
-  \vspace*{\stretch{1}} % stretchable space at top 
-  \it
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcounter{testcounter}
+\newenvironment{test}{%
+  \begin{list}{}{%
+    \usecounter{testcounter}
+  }
 }{%
-  \vspace{\stretch{3}}  % space at bot is 3x as at top
-  \clearpage
+  \end{list}
 }
-  ...
-\begin{dedication}  % in document body
-We dedicate this book to our wives.
-\end{dedication}
 </pre></div>
 
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Expressions">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cvalue">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstretch" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\stretch</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\setcounter</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\usecounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Expressions-1">14.8 Expressions</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cvalue-1"><span>13.3 <code class="code">\value</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cvalue-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-expressions"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cvalue"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-counters_002c-getting-value-of"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis, one of:
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\numexpr <var class="var">expression</var> 
-\dimexpr <var class="var">expression</var>
-\glueexpr <var class="var">expression</var>
-\muglue <var class="var">expression</var>
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\value{<var class="var">counter</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Any place where you may write an integer, or a TeX dimen, or TeX
-glue, or muglue, you can instead write an expression to compute that
-type of quantity.
-</p>
-<p>An example is that <code class="code">\the\dimexpr\linewidth-4pt\relax</code> will
-produce as output the length that is four points less than width of a
-line (the only purpose of <code class="code">\the</code> is to show the result in the
-document).  Analogously, <code class="code">\romannumeral\numexpr6+3\relax</code> will
-produce &lsquo;<samp class="samp">ix</samp>&rsquo;, and <code class="code">\the\glueexpr 5pt plus 1pt * 2 \relax</code>
-will produce &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10.0pt plus 2.0pt</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>Expands to the value of the counter <var class="var">counter</var>. (Note that the name
+of a counter does not begin with a backslash.)
 </p>
-<p>A convenience here over doing calculations by allocating registers and
-then using <code class="code">\advance</code>, etc., is that the evaluation of expressions
-does not involve assignments and can therefore be performed in places
-where assignments are not allowed.  The next example computes the width
-of the <code class="code">\parbox</code>.
+<p>This example outputs &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Test counter is&nbsp;6. Other counter
+is&nbsp;5.</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newlength{\offset}\setlength{\offset}{2em}
-\begin{center}
-\parbox{\dimexpr\linewidth-\offset*3}{With malice toward none
-with charity for all with firmness in the right as God gives us to see
-the right let us strive on to finish the work we are in to bind up the
-nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and
-for his widow and his orphan \textasciitilde\ to do all which may
-achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with
-all nations.  ---Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, from the
-memorial}
-\end{center}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcounter{test} \setcounter{test}{5}
+\newcounter{other} \setcounter{other}{\value{test}}
+\addtocounter{test}{1}
+
+Test counter is \arabic{test}.
+Other counter is \arabic{other}.
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The <var class="var">expression</var> consists of one or more terms of the same type
-(integer, dimension, etc.) that are added or subtracted.  A term that is
-a type of number, dimension, etc., consists of a factor of that type,
-optionally multiplied or divided by factors.  A factor of a type is
-either a quantity of that type or a parenthesized subexpression.  The
-expression produces a result of the given type, so that <code class="code">\numexpr</code>
-produces an integer, <code class="code">\dimexpr</code> produces a dimension, etc.
-</p>
-<p>In the quotation example above, changing to
-<code class="code">\dimexpr\linewidth-3*\offset</code> gives the error <code class="code">Illegal unit
-of measure (pt inserted)</code>.  This is because for <code class="code">\dimexpr</code> and
-<code class="code">\glueexpr</code>, the input consists of a dimension or glue value
-followed by an optional multiplication factor, and not the other way
-around. Thus <code class="code">\the\dimexpr 1pt*10\relax</code> is valid and produces
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">10.0pt</samp>&rsquo;, but <code class="code">\the\dimexpr 10*1pt\relax</code> gives the
-<code class="code">Illegal unit</code> error.
-</p>
-<p>The expressions absorb tokens and carry out appropriate mathematics up
-to a <code class="code">\relax</code> (which will be absorbed), or up to the first
-non-valid token.  Thus, <code class="code">\the\numexpr2+3px</code> will print
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">5px</samp>&rsquo;, because LaTeX reads the <code class="code">\numexpr2+3</code>, which is
-made up of numbers, and then finds the letter <code class="code">p</code>, which cannot
-be part of a number.  It therefore terminates the expression and
-produces the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">5</samp>&rsquo;, followed by the regular text &lsquo;<samp class="samp">px</samp>&rsquo;.
-</p>
-<p>This termination behavior is useful in comparisons.  In
-<code class="code">\ifnum\numexpr\parindent*2 &lt; 10pt Yes\else No\fi</code>, the less than
-sign terminates the expression and the result is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">No</samp>&rsquo; (in a
-standard LaTeX article).
-</p>
-<p>Expressions may use the operators <code class="code">+</code>, <code class="code">-</code>, <code class="code">*</code> and
-<code class="code">/</code> along with parentheses for subexpressions, <code class="code">(...)</code>.  In
-glue expressions the <code class="code">plus</code> and <code class="code">minus</code> parts do not need
-parentheses to be affected by a factor. So <code class="code">\the\glueexpr 5pt plus
-1pt * 2 \relax</code> results in &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10pt plus 2pt</samp>&rsquo;.
-</p>
-<p>TeX will coerce other numerical types in the same way as it does when
-doing register assignment. Thus <code class="code">\the\numexpr\dimexpr
-1pt\relax\relax</code> will result in &lsquo;<samp class="samp">65536</samp>&rsquo;, which is <code class="code">1pt</code>
-converted to scaled points (see <a class="pxref" href="#units-of-length-sp"><code class="code">sp</code></a>,
-TeX&rsquo;s internal unit) and then coerced into an integer.  With a
-<code class="code">\glueexpr</code> here, the stretch and shrink would be dropped.  Going
-the other way, a <code class="code">\numexpr</code> inside a <code class="code">\dimexpr</code> or
-<code class="code">\glueexpr</code> will need appropriate units, as in
-<code class="code">\the\dimexpr\numexpr 1 + 2\relax pt\relax</code>, which produces
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">3.0pt</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>The <code class="code">\value</code> command is not used for typesetting the value of the
+counter.  For that, see <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol"><code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a>.
 </p>
-<p>The details of the arithmetic: each factor is checked to be in the
-allowed range, numbers must be less than <em class="math">2^{31}</em> in absolute
-value, and dimensions or glue components must be less than
-<em class="math">2^{14}</em> points, or <code class="code">mu</code>, or <code class="code">fil</code>, etc.  The
-arithmetic operations are performed individually, except for a scaling
-operation (a multiplication immediately followed by a division) which
-is done as one combined operation with a 64-bit product as
-intermediate value. The result of each operation is again checked to
-be in the allowed range.
+<p>It is often used in <code class="code">\setcounter</code> or <code class="code">\addtocounter</code> but
+<code class="code">\value</code> can be used anywhere that LaTeX expects a number, such
+as in <code class="code">\hspace{\value{foo}\parindent}</code>.  It must not be
+preceded by <code class="code">\protect</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
 </p>
-<p>Finally, division and scaling take place with rounding (unlike TeX&rsquo;s
-<code class="code">\divide</code>, which truncates).  Thus
-<code class="code">\the\dimexpr 5pt*(3/2)\relax</code> puts &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10.0pt</samp>&rsquo; in the document,
-because it rounds <code class="code">3/2</code> to <code class="code">2</code>, while
-<code class="code">\the\dimexpr 5pt*(4/3)\relax</code> produces &lsquo;<samp class="samp">5.0pt</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>This example inserts <code class="code">\hspace{4\parindent}</code>.
 </p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\setcounter{myctr}{3} \addtocounter{myctr}{1}
+\hspace{\value{myctr}\parindent}
+</pre></div>
+
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-</div>
-<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Making-paragraphs">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csetcounter">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math formulas</a>, Previous: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Lengths</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\addtocounter</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\value</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Making-paragraphs-1">15 Making paragraphs</h2>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csetcounter-1"><span>13.4 <code class="code">\setcounter</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csetcounter-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-making-paragraphs"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraphs"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csetcounter"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-counters_002c-setting"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-setting-counters"></a>
 
-<p>To start a paragraph, just type some text.  To end the current
-paragraph, put an empty line.  This is three paragraphs, the
-separation of which is made by two empty lines.
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession
-of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.
-
-However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his
-first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds
-of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property
-of some one or other of their daughters.
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\setcounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}{<var class="var">value</var>}
+</pre></div>
 
-``My dear Mr. Bennet,'' said his lady to him one day,
-``have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?''
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>A paragraph separator can be made of a sequence of at least one blank
-line, at least one of which is not terminated by a comment. A blank line
-is a line that is empty or made only of blank characters such as space
-or tab. Comments in source code are started with a <code class="code">%</code> and span up
-to the end of line. In the following example the two columns are
-identical:
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
-\begin{document}
-First paragraph.
-
-Second paragraph.
-\newpage
-First paragraph.
-      
-  % separator lines may contain blank characters.
-  		
-Second paragraph.
-\end{document}
-</pre></div>
-
-
-<p>Once LaTeX has gathered all of a paragraph&rsquo;s contents it divides that
-content into lines in a way that is optimized over the entire paragraph
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a>).
-</p>
-<p>There are places where a new paragraph is not permitted.  Don&rsquo;t put a
-blank line in math mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>); here the blank line before the
-<code class="code">\end{equation}</code>
+<p>Globally set the counter <var class="var">counter</var> to have the value of the
+<var class="var">value</var> argument, which must be an integer.  Thus, you can set a
+counter&rsquo;s value as <code class="code">\setcounter{section}{5}</code>.  Note that the
+counter name does not start with a backslash.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{equation}
-  2^{|S|} &gt; |S|
-
-\end{equation}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>will get you the error &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing $ inserted</samp>&rsquo;.  Similarly, the blank
-line in this <code class="code">\section</code> argument
+<p>In this example if the counter <code class="code">theorem</code> has value 12 then the
+second line will print &lsquo;<samp class="samp">XII</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\section{aaa
-
-bbb}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\setcounter{exercise}{\value{theorem}}
+Here it is in Roman: \Roman{exercise}.
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>gets &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Runaway argument? {aaa ! Paragraph ended before \@sect was
-complete</samp>&rsquo;.
-</p>
-
 
-
-<ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cpar" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\par</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\indent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\noindent</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#Marginal-notes" accesskey="4">Marginal notes</a></li>
-</ul>
 <hr>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cpar">
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005caddtocounter">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\indent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\noindent</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\refstepcounter</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\setcounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpar-1">15.1 <code class="code">\par</code></h3>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpar"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraph_002c-ending"></a>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddtocounter-1"><span>13.5 <code class="code">\addtocounter</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005caddtocounter-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<p>Synopsis (note that while reading the input TeX converts any sequence
-of one or more blank lines to a <code class="code">\par</code>, <a class="ref" href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a>):
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\par
-</pre></div>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005caddtocounter"></a>
 
-<p>End the current paragraph.  The usual way to separate paragraphs is with
-a blank line but the <code class="code">\par</code> command is entirely equivalent.  This
-command is robust (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
-</p>
-<p>This example uses <code class="code">\par</code> rather than a blank line simply for
-readability.
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcommand{\syllabusLegalese}{%
-  \whatCheatingIs\par\whatHappensWhenICatchYou}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\addtocounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}{<var class="var">value</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>In LR mode the <code class="code">\par</code> command does nothing and is ignored.  In
-paragraph mode, the <code class="code">\par</code> command terminates paragraph mode,
-switching LaTeX to vertical mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
-</p>
-<p>You cannot use the <code class="code">\par</code> command in a math mode.  You also cannot
-use it in the argument of many commands, such as the sectioning
-commands, e.g. <code class="code">\section</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a> and
-<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a>).
-</p>
-<p>The <code class="code">\par</code> command is not the same as the <code class="code">\paragraph</code>
-command. The latter is, like <code class="code">\section</code> or <code class="code">\subsection</code>, a
-sectioning command used by the LaTeX document standard classes
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph"><code class="code">\subsubsection</code>, <code class="code">\paragraph</code>, <code class="code">\subparagraph</code></a>).
-</p>
-<p>The <code class="code">\par</code> command is not the same as <code class="code">\newline</code> or the line
-break double backslash, <code class="code">\\</code>.  The difference is that <code class="code">\par</code>
-ends the paragraph, not just the line, and also triggers the addition of
-the between-paragraph vertical space <code class="code">\parskip</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a>).
+<p>Globally increment <var class="var">counter</var> by the amount specified by the
+<var class="var">value</var> argument, which may be negative.
 </p>
-<p>The output from this example
+<p>In this example the section value appears as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">VII</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">xyz
-
-\setlength{\parindent}{3in}
-\setlength{\parskip}{5in}
-\noindent test\indent test1\par test2 
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\setcounter{section}{5}
+\addtocounter{section}{2}
+Here it is in Roman: \Roman{section}.
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>is: after &lsquo;<samp class="samp">xyz</samp>&rsquo; there is a vertical skip of 5&nbsp;inches and then
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">test</samp>&rsquo; appears, aligned with the left margin.  On the same line,
-there is an empty horizontal space of 3&nbsp;inches and then
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">test1</samp>&rsquo; appears.  Finally. there is a vertical space of
-5&nbsp;inches, followed by a fresh paragraph with a paragraph indent of
-3&nbsp;inches, and then LaTeX puts the text &lsquo;<samp class="samp">test2</samp>&rsquo;.
-</p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005crefstepcounter">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpar" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\par</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\stepcounter</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\addtocounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent-1">15.2 <code class="code">\indent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\noindent</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005crefstepcounter-1"><span>13.6 <code class="code">\refstepcounter</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cindent"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cnoindent"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cindent"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnoindent"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-indent_002c-forcing"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crefstepcounter"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\indent
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>or
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\noindent
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Go into horizontal mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).  The <code class="code">\indent</code> command
-first outputs an empty box whose width is <code class="code">\parindent</code>.  These
-commands are robust (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
-</p>
-<p>Ordinarily you create a new paragraph by putting in a blank line.
-See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005cpar"><code class="code">\par</code></a>, for the difference between this command and <code class="code">\par</code>.  To
-start a paragraph without an indent, or to continue an interrupted
-paragraph, use <code class="code">\noindent</code>.
-</p>
-<p>In the middle of a paragraph the <code class="code">\noindent</code> command has no effect,
-because LaTeX is already in horizontal mode there.  The
-<code class="code">\indent</code> command&rsquo;s only effect is to output a space.
-</p>
-<p>This example starts a fresh paragraph.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">... end of the prior paragraph.
-
-\noindent This paragraph is not indented.
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\refstepcounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>and this continues an interrupted paragraph.
+<p>Globally increments the value of <var class="var">counter</var> by one, as does
+<code class="code">\stepcounter</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cstepcounter"><code class="code">\stepcounter</code></a>).  The difference is that this
+command resets the value of any counter numbered within it.  (For the
+definition of &ldquo;counters numbered within&rdquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter"><code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</a>.)
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">The data 
-
-\begin{center}
-  \begin{tabular}{rl} ... \end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-
-\noindent shows this clearly.
-</pre></div>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cparindent-1"></a>
-<p>To omit indentation in the entire document put
-<code class="code">\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}</code> in the preamble.  If you do that,
-you may want to also set the length of spaces between paragraphs,
-<code class="code">\parskip</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a>).
+<p>In addition, this command also defines the current <code class="code">\ref</code> value
+to be the result of <code class="code">\thecounter</code>.
 </p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-indentfirst-5"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-indentfirst-package-5"></a>
-
-<p>Default LaTeX styles have the first paragraph after a section that is
-not indented, as is traditional typesetting in English.  To change that,
-look on CTAN for the package <code class="code">indentfirst</code>.
+<p>While the counter value is set globally, the <code class="code">\ref</code> value is set
+locally, i.e., inside the current group.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cstepcounter">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Marginal-notes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Marginal notes</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\indent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\noindent</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\day</code> &amp; <code class="code">\month</code> &amp; <code class="code">\year</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\refstepcounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip-1">15.3 <code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cstepcounter-1"><span>13.7 <code class="code">\stepcounter</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cstepcounter-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cparindent"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cparskip"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cparindent-2"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cparskip"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraph-indentation"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-horizontal-paragraph-indentation"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-vertical-space-before-paragraphs"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cstepcounter"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\setlength{\parindent}{<var class="var">horizontal len</var>}
-\setlength{\parskip}{<var class="var">vertical len</var>}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Both are rubber lengths (see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  They affect the
-indentation of ordinary paragraphs, not paragraphs inside
-minipages (see <a class="pxref" href="#minipage"><code class="code">minipage</code></a>), and the vertical space between
-paragraphs, respectively.
-</p>
-<p>For example, if this is put in the preamble:
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
-\setlength{\parskip}{1ex}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\stepcounter{<var class="var">counter</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The document will have paragraphs that are not indented, but instead
-are vertically separated by about the height of a lowercase &lsquo;<samp class="samp">x</samp>&rsquo;.
-</p>
-<p>In LaTeX standard class documents, the default value for
-<code class="code">\parindent</code> in one-column documents is <code class="code">15pt</code> when the
-default text size is <code class="code">10pt</code>, <code class="code">17pt</code> for <code class="code">11pt</code>, and
-<code class="code">1.5em</code> for <code class="code">12pt</code>.  In two-column documents it is <code class="code">1em</code>.
-(These values are set before LaTeX calls <code class="code">\normalfont</code> so
-<code class="code">em</code> is derived from the default font, Computer Modern.  If you use
-a different font then to set <code class="code">\parindent</code> to 1<span class="dmn">em</span> matching
-that font, put
-<code class="code">\AtBeginDocument{\setlength{\parindent}{1em}}</code> in the
-preamble.)
+<p>Globally adds one to <var class="var">counter</var> and resets all counters numbered
+within it.  (For the definition of &ldquo;counters numbered within&rdquo;,
+see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter"><code class="code">\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</a>.)
 </p>
-<p>The default value for <code class="code">\parskip</code> in LaTeX&rsquo;s standard document
-classes is <code class="code">0pt plus1pt</code>.
+<p>This command differs from <code class="code">\refstepcounter</code> in that this one does
+not influence references; that is, it does not define the current
+<code class="code">\ref</code> value to be the result of <code class="code">\thecounter</code>
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter"><code class="code">\refstepcounter</code></a>).
 </p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Marginal-notes">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\stepcounter</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Marginal-notes-1">15.4 Marginal notes</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear-1"><span>13.8 <code class="code">\day</code> &amp; <code class="code">\month</code> &amp; <code class="code">\year</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-marginal-notes"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-notes-in-the-margin"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-remarks-in-the-margin"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmarginpar"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cday"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cmonth"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cyear"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cday"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmonth"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cyear"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis, one of:
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\marginpar{<var class="var">right</var>}
-\marginpar[<var class="var">left</var>]{<var class="var">right</var>}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Create a note in the margin.  The first line of the note will have the
-same baseline as the line in the text where the <code class="code">\marginpar</code>
-occurs.
-</p>
-<p>The margin that LaTeX uses for the note depends on the current layout
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a>) and also on <code class="code">\reversemarginpar</code>
-(see below).  If you are using one-sided layout (document option
-<code class="code">oneside</code>) then it goes in the right margin.  If you are using
-two-sided layout (document option <code class="code">twoside</code>) then it goes in the
-outside margin.  If you are in two-column layout (document option
-<code class="code">twocolumn</code>) then it goes in the nearest margin.
-</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005creversemarginpar"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnormalmarginpar"></a>
-<p>If you declare <code class="code">\reversemarginpar</code> then LaTeX will place
-subsequent marginal notes in the opposite margin to that given in the
-prior paragraph.  Revert that to the default position with
-<code class="code">\normalmarginpar</code>.
-</p>
-<p>When you specify the optional argument <var class="var">left</var> then it is used for
-a note in the left margin, while the mandatory argument <var class="var">right</var> is
-used for a note in the right margin.
-</p>
-<p>Normally, a note&rsquo;s first word will not be hyphenated.  You can enable
-hyphenation there by beginning <var class="var">left</var> or <var class="var">right</var> with
-<code class="code">\hspace{0pt}</code>.
-</p>
-<p>These parameters affect the formatting of the note:
-</p>
-<dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cmarginparpush-2'><span><code class="code">\marginparpush</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmarginparpush-2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="marginal-notes-marginparpush"></a><p>Minimum vertical space between notes; default &lsquo;<samp class="samp">7pt</samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">12pt</samp>&rsquo;
-documents, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">5pt</samp>&rsquo; else. See also&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#page-layout-parameters-marginparpush">page layout parameters marginparpush</a>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmarginparsep'><span><code class="code">\marginparsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmarginparsep'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="marginal-notes-marginparsep"></a><p>Horizontal space between the main text and the note; default
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">11pt</samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10pt</samp>&rsquo; documents, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10pt</samp>&rsquo; else.
+<p>LaTeX defines the counter <code class="code">\day</code> for the day of the month
+(nominally with value between 1 and 31), <code class="code">\month</code> for the month of
+the year (nominally with value between 1 and 12), and <code class="code">\year</code> for
+the year.  When TeX starts up, they are set from the current values
+on the system.  The related command <code class="code">\today</code> produces a string
+representing the current day (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005ctoday"><code class="code">\today</code></a>).
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmarginparwidth-2'><span><code class="code">\marginparwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmarginparwidth-2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="marginal-notes-marginparwidth"></a><p>Width of the note itself; default for a one-sided &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10pt</samp>&rsquo; document
-is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">90pt</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">83pt</samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">11pt</samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">68pt</samp>&rsquo; for
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">12pt</samp>&rsquo;; &lsquo;<samp class="samp">17pt</samp>&rsquo; more in each case for a two-sided document.
-In two column mode, the default is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">48pt</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>They counters are not updated as the job progresses so in principle they
+could be incorrect by the end.  In addition, TeX does no sanity
+check:
 </p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\day=-2 \month=13 \year=-4 \today
+</pre></div>
 
-<p>The standard LaTeX routine for marginal notes does not prevent
-notes from falling off the bottom of the page.
+<p>gives no error or warning and results in the output &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-2, -4</samp>&rsquo; (the
+bogus month value produces no output).
+</p>
+<p>See <a class="xref" href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a>, to force the date to a given value from the
+command line.
 </p>
-
 <hr>
 </div>
 </div>
-<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Math-formulas">
+<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Lengths">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Modes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Making paragraphs</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="n" rel="next">Making paragraphs</a>, Previous: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Counters</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Math-formulas-1">16 Math formulas</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Lengths-1"><span>14 Lengths<a class="copiable-link" href="#Lengths-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-formulas"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-formulas_002c-math"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-mode_002c-entering"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-math-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-environment-1"></a>
-        
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-displaymath-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-displaymath-environment-1"></a>
-        
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-equation-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-equation-environment-1"></a>
-        
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lengths_002c-defining-and-using"></a>
 
-<p>Produce mathematical text by putting LaTeX into math mode or display
-math mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).  This example shows both.
+<p>A <em class="dfn">length</em> is a measure of distance.  Many LaTeX commands take a
+length as an argument.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rigid-lengths"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rubber-lengths"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dimen-plain-TeX"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-skip-plain-TeX"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glue-plain-TeX"></a>
+<p>Lengths come in two types.  A <em class="dfn">rigid length</em> such as <code class="code">10pt</code>
+does not contain a <code class="code">plus</code> or <code class="code">minus</code> component.  (Plain
+TeX calls this a <em class="dfn">dimen</em>.)  A <em class="dfn">rubber length</em> (what plain
+TeX calls a <em class="dfn">skip</em> or <em class="dfn">glue</em>) such as with <code class="code">1cm
+plus0.05cm minus0.01cm</code> can contain either or both of those
+components.  In that rubber length, the <code class="code">1cm</code> is the <em class="dfn">natural
+length</em> while the other two, the <code class="code">plus</code> and <code class="code">minus</code>
+components, allow TeX to stretch or shrink the length to optimize
+placement.
+</p>
+<p>The illustrations below use these two commands.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">The wave equation for \( u \) is
-\begin{displaymath}
-  \frac{\partial^2u}{\partial t^2} = c^2\nabla^2u
-\end{displaymath}
-where \( \nabla^2 \) is the spatial Laplacian and \( c \) is constant.
+<pre class="example-preformatted">% make a black bar 10pt tall and #1 wide
+\newcommand{\blackbar}[1]{\rule{#1}{10pt}}
+
+% Make a box around #2 that is #1 wide (excluding the border)
+\newcommand{\showhbox}[2]{%
+  \fboxsep=0pt\fbox{\hbox to #1{#2}}} 
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Math mode is for inline mathematics.  In the above example it is invoked
-by the starting <code class="code">\(</code> and finished by the matching ending <code class="code">\)</code>.
-Display math mode is for displayed equations and here is invoked by the
-<code class="code">displaymath</code> environment.  Note that any mathematical text
-whatever, including mathematical text consisting of just one character,
-is handled in math mode.
+<p>This next example uses those commands to show a black bar 100&nbsp;points
+long between &lsquo;<samp class="samp">ABC</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">XYZ</samp>&rsquo;.  This length is rigid.
 </p>
-<p>When in math mode or display math mode, LaTeX handles many aspects of
-your input text differently than in other text modes.  For example,
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">ABC\showhbox{100pt}{\blackbar{100pt}}XYZ
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>As for rubber lengths, shrinking is simpler one: with <code class="code">1cm minus
+0.05cm</code>, the natural length is 1<span class="dmn">cm</span> but TeX can shrink it down
+as far as 0.95<span class="dmn">cm</span>.  Beyond that, TeX refuses to shrink any more.
+Thus, below the first one works fine, producing a space of
+98&nbsp;points between the two bars.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">contrast x+y with \( x+y \)
+<pre class="example-preformatted">ABC\showhbox{300pt}{%
+  \blackbar{101pt}\hspace{100pt minus 2pt}\blackbar{101pt}}YYY
+
+ABC\showhbox{300pt}{%
+  \blackbar{105pt}\hspace{100pt minus 1pt}\blackbar{105pt}}YYY
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>in math mode the letters are in italics and the spacing around the plus
-sign is different.
+<p>But the second one gets a warning like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Overfull \hbox (1.0pt too
+wide) detected at line 17</samp>&rsquo;.  In the output the first &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Y</samp>&rsquo; is
+overwritten by the end of the black bar, because the box&rsquo;s material is
+wider than the 300<span class="dmn">pt</span> allocated, as TeX has refused to shrink
+the total to less than 309&nbsp;points.
 </p>
-<p>There are three ways to make inline formulas, to put LaTeX in math
-mode.
+<p>Stretching is like shrinking except that if TeX is asked to stretch
+beyond the given amount, it will do it.  Here the first line is fine,
+producing a space of 110&nbsp;points between the bars.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\( <var class="var">mathematical material</var> \)
-$ <var class="var">mathematical material</var> $
-\begin{math} <var class="var">mathematical material</var> \end{math}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">ABC\showhbox{300pt}{%
+  \blackbar{95pt}\hspace{100pt plus 10pt}\blackbar{95pt}}YYY
+
+ABC\showhbox{300pt}{%
+  \blackbar{95pt}\hspace{100pt plus 1pt}\blackbar{95pt}}YYY
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The first form is preferred and the second is quite common, but the
-third form is rarely used.  You can sometimes use one and sometimes
-another, as in <code class="code">\(x\) and $y$</code>.  You can use these in paragraph
-mode or in LR mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
+<p>In the second line TeX needs a stretch of 10&nbsp;points and only
+1&nbsp;point was specified.  TeX stretches the space to the required
+length but it gives you a warning like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Underfull \hbox (badness
+10000) detected at line 22</samp>&rsquo;.  (We won&rsquo;t discuss badness.)
 </p>
-<p>To make displayed formulas, put LaTeX into display math mode with
-either:
+<p>You can put both stretch and shrink in the same length, as in
+<code class="code">1ex plus 0.05ex minus 0.02ex</code>.
+</p>
+<p>If TeX is setting two or more rubber lengths then it allocates the
+stretch or shrink in proportion.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{displaymath}
-  <var class="var">mathematical material</var>
-\end{displaymath}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">ABC\showhbox{300pt}{%
+  \blackbar{100pt}%  left
+  \hspace{0pt plus 50pt}\blackbar{80pt}\hspace{0pt plus 10pt}%  middle
+  \blackbar{100pt}}YYY  % right
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>or
+<p>The left and right bars take up 100&nbsp;points, so the middle needs
+another 100.  The middle bar is 80&nbsp;points so the two
+<code class="code">\hspace</code>&rsquo;s must stretch 20&nbsp;points.  Because the two are
+<code class="code">plus 50pt</code> and <code class="code">plus 10pt</code>, TeX gets 5/6 of the stretch
+from the first space and 1/6 from the second.
+</p>
+<p>The <code class="code">plus</code> or <code class="code">minus</code> component of a rubber length can contain
+a <em class="dfn">fill</em> component, as in <code class="code">1in plus2fill</code>.  This gives the
+length infinite stretchability or shrinkability so that TeX could set
+it to any distance.  Here the two figures will be equally spaced across
+the page.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{equation}
-  <var class="var">mathematical material</var>
-\end{equation}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
+  \hspace{0pt plus 1fill}\includegraphics{godel.png}%
+  \hspace{0pt plus 1fill}\includegraphics{einstein.png}%
+  \hspace{0pt plus 1fill}
+\end{minipage}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>(see <a class="pxref" href="#displaymath"><code class="code">displaymath</code></a>, see <a class="pxref" href="#equation"><code class="code">equation</code></a>).  The only difference is that
-with the <code class="code">equation</code> environment, LaTeX puts a formula number
-alongside the formula.  The construct <code class="code">\[ <var class="var">math</var> \]</code> is
-equivalent to <code class="code">\begin{displaymath} <var class="var">math</var>
-\end{displaymath}</code>.  These environments can only be used in paragraph
-mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
+<p>TeX has three levels of infinity for glue components: <code class="code">fil</code>,
+<code class="code">fill</code>, and <code class="code">filll</code>.  The later ones are more infinite than
+the earlier ones.  Ordinarily document authors only use the middle one
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005chfill"><code class="code">\hfill</code></a> and see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cvfill"><code class="code">\vfill</code></a>).
 </p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-amsmath-5"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-amsmath-package-5"></a>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-amsfonts"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-amsfonts-package"></a>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-mathtools"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mathtools-package"></a>
-
-<p>The American Mathematical Society has made freely available a set of
-packages that greatly expand your options for writing mathematics,
-<code class="code">amsmath</code> and <code class="code">amssymb</code> (also be aware of the <code class="code">mathtools</code>
-package that is an extension to, and loads, <code class="code">amsmath</code>).  New
-documents that will have mathematical text should use these packages.
-Descriptions of these packages is outside the scope of this document;
-see their documentation on CTAN.
+<p>Multiplying a rubber length by a number turns it into a rigid length, so
+that after <code class="code">\setlength{\ylength}{1in plus 0.2in}</code> and
+<code class="code">\setlength{\zlength}{3\ylength}</code> then the value of
+<code class="code">\zlength</code> is <code class="code">3in</code>.
 </p>
 
 
 <ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" accesskey="1">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="2">Math symbols</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="3">Math functions</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="4">Math accents</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining" accesskey="5">Over- and Underlining</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="6">Spacing in math mode</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Math-styles" accesskey="7">Math styles</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="8">Math miscellany</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Units-of-length" accesskey="1">Units of length</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005csetlength" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\setlength</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\addtolength</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\settodepth</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\settoheight</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="6"><code class="code">\settowidth</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cstretch" accesskey="7"><code class="code">\stretch</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#Expressions" accesskey="8">Expressions</a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Units-of-length">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csetlength" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\setlength</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1">16.1 Subscripts &amp; superscripts</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Units-of-length-1"><span>14.1 Units of length<a class="copiable-link" href="#Units-of-length-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="anchor" id="superscript"></a><a class="anchor" id="subscript"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-superscript"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subscript"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005e-superscript"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005f-subscript"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-exponent"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-units_002c-of-length"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis (in math mode or display math mode), one of:
+<p>TeX and LaTeX know about these units both inside and outside of
+math mode.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">base</var>^<var class="var">exp</var>
-<var class="var">base</var>^{<var class="var">exp</var>}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>or, one of:
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">base</var>_<var class="var">exp</var>
-<var class="var">base</var>_{<var class="var">exp</var>}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Make <var class="var">exp</var> appear as a superscript of <var class="var">base</var> (with the caret
-character,&nbsp;<code class="code">^</code>) or a subscript (with
-underscore,&nbsp;<code class="code">_</code>).
-</p>
-<p>In this example the <code class="code">0</code>&rsquo;s and <code class="code">1</code>&rsquo;s are subscripts while the
-<code class="code">2</code>&rsquo;s are superscripts.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\( (x_0+x_1)^2 \leq (x_0)^2+(x_1)^2 \)
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>To have the subscript or superscript contain more than one character,
-surround the expression with curly braces, as in <code class="code">e^{-2x}</code>.
-This example&rsquo;s fourth line shows curly braces used to group an expression
-for the exponent.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{displaymath}
-  (3^3)^3=27^3=19\,683
-  \qquad
-  3^{(3^3)}=3^{27}=7\,625\,597\,484\,987
-\end{displaymath}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>LaTeX knows how to handle a superscript on a superscript, or a
-subscript on a subscript, or supers on subs, or subs on supers.  So,
-expressions such as <code class="code">e^{x^2}</code> and <code class="code">x_{i_0}</code> give correct
-output.  Note the use in those expressions of curly braces to give the
-<var class="var">base</var> a determined <var class="var">exp</var>.  If you enter <code class="code">\(3^3^3\)</code>, this
-interpreted as <code class="code">\(3^{3}^{3}\)</code> and then you get TeX error
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Double superscript</samp>&rsquo;.
-</p>
-<p>LaTeX does the right thing when something has both a subscript and a
-superscript.  In this example the integral has both.  They come out in
-the correct place without any author intervention.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{displaymath}
-  \int_{x=a}^b f'(x)\,dx = f(b)-f(a)
-\end{displaymath}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Note the curly braces around <code class="code">x=a</code> to make the entire expression a
-subscript.
-</p>
-<p>To put a superscript or subscript before a symbol, use a construct like
-<code class="code">{}_t K^2</code>.  The empty curly braces <code class="code">{}</code> give the
-subscript something to attach to and keeps it from accidentally
-attaching to a prior symbols.
-</p>
-<p>Using the subscript or superscript character outside of math mode or
-display math mode, as in <code class="code">the expression x^2</code>, will get you
-the TeX error &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing $ inserted</samp>&rsquo;.
-</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-mhchem"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mhchem-package"></a>
-
-<p>A common reason to want subscripts outside of a mathematics mode is to
-typeset chemical formulas.  There are packages for that, such as
-<code class="code">mhchem</code>; see CTAN.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-</div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Math-symbols">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math functions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-symbols"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-symbols_002c-math"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-greek-letters"></a>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-comprehensive"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-comprehensive-package"></a>
-
-
-<p>LaTeX provides almost any mathematical or technical symbol that
-anyone uses. For example, if you include <code class="code">$\pi$</code> in your source,
-you will get the pi symbol &#x03C0;. See the &ldquo;Comprehensive
-LaTeX Symbol List&rdquo; package at
-<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive">https://ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive</a>.
-</p>
-<p>Here is a list of commonly-used symbols.  It is by no means exhaustive.
-Each symbol is described with a short phrase, and its symbol class,
-which determines the spacing around it, is given in parenthesis.  Unless
-said otherwise, the commands for these symbols can be used only in math
-mode.  To redefine a command so that it can be used whatever the current
-mode, see <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005censuremath"><code class="code">\ensuremath</code></a>.
-</p>
-
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005c_007c'><span><code class="code">\|</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_007c'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2225; Parallel (relation). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\parallel</code>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005caleph'><span><code class="code">\aleph</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005caleph'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2135; Aleph, transfinite cardinal (ordinary).
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005calpha'><span><code class="code">\alpha</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005calpha'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x03B1; Lowercase Greek letter alpha (ordinary).
+<dt><a id="index-pt"></a><span><code class="code">pt</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-pt"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-point"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-pt"></a><p>Point, 1/72.27 inch.  The (approximate) conversion to metric units
+is 1<span class="dmn">point</span> = .35146<span class="dmn">mm</span> = .035146<span class="dmn">cm</span>. 
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005camalg'><span><code class="code">\amalg</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005camalg'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2A3F; Disjoint union (binary)
+<dt><a id="index-pc"></a><span><code class="code">pc</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-pc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pica"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-pc"></a><p>Pica, 12 pt
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cangle'><span><code class="code">\angle</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cangle'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2220; Geometric angle (ordinary). Similar: less-than
-sign&nbsp;<code class="code">&lt;</code> and angle bracket&nbsp;<code class="code">\langle</code>.
+<dt><a id="index-in"></a><span><code class="code">in</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-in"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-inch"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-in"></a><p>Inch, 72.27 pt
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005capprox'><span><code class="code">\approx</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005capprox'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2248; Almost equal to (relation).
+<dt><a id="index-bp"></a><span><code class="code">bp</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-bp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-big-point"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-point"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-bp"></a><p>Big point, 1/72 inch.  This length is the definition of a point in
+PostScript and many desktop publishing systems.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cast'><span><code class="code">\ast</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cast'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2217; Asterisk operator, convolution, six-pointed
-(binary). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">*</code>, which is often a superscript or
-subscript, as in the Kleene star. Similar:&nbsp;<code class="code">\star</code>, which is
-five-pointed, and is sometimes used as a general binary operation, and
-sometimes reserved for cross-correlation.
+<dt><a id="index-mm"></a><span><code class="code">mm</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-millimeter"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-mm"></a><p>Millimeter, 2.845<span class="dmn">pt</span>
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005casymp'><span><code class="code">\asymp</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005casymp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x224D; Asymptotically equivalent (relation).
+<dt><a id="index-cm"></a><span><code class="code">cm</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-cm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-centimeter"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-cm"></a><p>Centimeter, 10<span class="dmn">mm</span>
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbackslash'><span><code class="code">\backslash</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbackslash'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>\ Backslash (ordinary).  Similar: set minus&nbsp;<code class="code">\setminus</code>, and
-<code class="code">\textbackslash</code> for backslash outside of math mode.
+<dt><a id="index-dd"></a><span><code class="code">dd</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-dd"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-didot-point"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-dd"></a><p>Didot point, 1.07 pt
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbeta'><span><code class="code">\beta</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbeta'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x03B2; Lowercase Greek letter beta (ordinary).
+<dt><a id="index-cc"></a><span><code class="code">cc</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-cc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cicero"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-cc"></a><p>Cicero, 12 dd
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigcap'><span><code class="code">\bigcap</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigcap'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x22C2; Variable-sized, or n-ary, intersection (operator). Similar:
-binary intersection&nbsp;<code class="code">\cap</code>.
+<dt><a id="index-sp"></a><span><code class="code">sp</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-sp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaled-point"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-sp"></a><p>Scaled point, 1/65536 pt
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigcirc'><span><code class="code">\bigcirc</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigcirc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x26AA; Circle, larger (binary).  Similar: function
-composition&nbsp;<code class="code">\circ</code>.
+</dl>
+
+<p>Three other units are defined according to the current font, rather
+than being an absolute dimension.
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigcup'><span><code class="code">\bigcup</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigcup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x22C3; Variable-sized, or n-ary, union (operator). Similar: binary
-union&nbsp;<code class="code">\cup</code>.
+<dl class="ftable">
+<dt><a id="index-ex-1"></a><span><code class="code">ex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-ex-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-x_002dheight"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ex"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="Lengths_002fex"></a><a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-ex"></a><p>The x-height of the current font <em class="dfn">ex</em>, traditionally the
+height of the lowercase letter x, is often used for vertical
+lengths.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigodot'><span><code class="code">\bigodot</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigodot'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2A00; Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled dot operator (operator).
+<dt><a id="index-em-1"></a><span><code class="code">em</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-em-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-m_002dwidth"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-em"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="Lengths_002fem"></a><a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-em"></a><p>Similarly <em class="dfn">em</em>, traditionally the width of the capital
+letter M, is often used for horizontal lengths.  This is also often
+the size of the current font, e.g., a nominal 10<span class="dmn">pt</span> font will
+have 1<span class="dmn">em</span> = 10<span class="dmn">pt</span>.  LaTeX has several commands to produce
+horizontal spaces based on the em (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad"><code class="code">\enspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\quad</code> &amp; <code class="code">\qquad</code></a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigoplus'><span><code class="code">\bigoplus</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigoplus'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2A01; Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled plus operator (operator).
+<dt><a id="index-mu"></a><span><code class="code">mu</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mu"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mu_002c-math-unit"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="units-of-length-mu"></a><p>Finally, in math mode, many definitions are expressed in terms
+of the math unit <em class="dfn">mu</em>, defined by 1<span class="dmn">em</span> = 18<span class="dmn">mu</span>, where the
+em is taken from the current math symbols family.  See <a class="xref" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigotimes'><span><code class="code">\bigotimes</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigotimes'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2A02; Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled times operator (operator).
+</dl>
+
+<p>Using these units can help make a definition work better across font
+changes.  For example, a definition of the vertical space between list
+items given as <code class="code">\setlength{\itemsep}{1ex plus 0.05ex minus
+0.01ex}</code> is more likely to still be reasonable if the font is changed
+than a definition given in points.
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigtriangledown'><span><code class="code">\bigtriangledown</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigtriangledown'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x25BD; Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle
-pointing down (binary). Synonym: <var class="var">\varbigtriangledown</var>.
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csetlength">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\addtolength</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#Units-of-length" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Units of length</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csetlength-1"><span>14.2 <code class="code">\setlength</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csetlength-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csetlength"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lengths_002c-setting"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigtriangleup'><span><code class="code">\bigtriangleup</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigtriangleup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x25B3; Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle
-pointing up (binary). Synonym: <var class="var">\varbigtriangleup</var>.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\setlength{\<var class="var">len</var>}{<var class="var">amount</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Set the length \<var class="var">len</var> to <var class="var">amount</var>.  The length name
+<code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code> has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under
+normal circumstances.  The <var class="var">amount</var> can be a rubber length
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in
+any units that LaTeX understands (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>).
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigsqcup'><span><code class="code">\bigsqcup</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigsqcup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2A06; Variable-sized, or n-ary, square union (operator).
+<p>Below, with LaTeX&rsquo;s defaults the first paragraph will be indented
+while the second will not.
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbiguplus'><span><code class="code">\biguplus</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbiguplus'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x2A04; Variable-sized, or n-ary, union operator with a plus
-(operator).  (Note that the name has only one p.)
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">I told the doctor I broke my leg in two places.
+
+\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
+He said stop going to those places.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If you did not declare \<var class="var">len</var> with <code class="code">\newlength</code>, for example if
+you mistype it as in
+<code class="code">\newlength{\specparindent}\setlength{\sepcparindent}{...}</code>,
+then you get an error like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt;
+\sepcindent</samp>&rsquo;.  If you omit the backslash at the start of the length name
+then you get an error like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing number, treated as zero.</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigvee'><span><code class="code">\bigvee</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigvee'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x22C1; Variable-sized, or n-ary, logical-or (operator).
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005caddtolength">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\settodepth</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csetlength" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\setlength</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddtolength-1"><span>14.3 <code class="code">\addtolength</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005caddtolength-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005caddtolength"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lengths_002c-adding-to"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigwedge'><span><code class="code">\bigwedge</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigwedge'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x22C0; Variable-sized, or n-ary, logical-and (operator).
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\addtolength{\<var class="var">len</var>}{<var class="var">amount</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Increment the length \<var class="var">len</var> by <var class="var">amount</var>.  The length name
+<code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code> has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under
+normal circumstances.  The <var class="var">amount</var> is a rubber length
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  It can be positive, negative or zero, and can be in
+any units that LaTeX understands (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>).
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbot'><span><code class="code">\bot</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbot'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x22A5;, Up tack, bottom, least element of a partially ordered
-set, or a contradiction (ordinary).  See also&nbsp;<code class="code">\top</code>.
+<p>Below, if <code class="code">\parskip</code> starts with the value <code class="code">0pt plus 1pt</code> 
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbowtie'><span><code class="code">\bowtie</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbowtie'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>&#x22C8; Natural join of two relations (relation).
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">Doctor: how is the boy who swallowed the silver dollar?
+\addtolength{\parskip}{1pt}
+
+Nurse: no change.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>then it has the value <code class="code">1pt plus 1pt</code> for the second paragraph.
+</p>
+<p>If you did not declare \<var class="var">len</var> with <code class="code">\newlength</code>, for example if
+you mistype it as in
+<code class="code">\newlength{\specparindent}\addtolength{\sepcparindent}{...}</code>,
+then you get an error like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt;
+\sepcindent</samp>&rsquo;. If the <var class="var">amount</var> uses some length that has not been
+declared, for instance if for example you mistype the above as
+<code class="code">\addtolength{\specparindent}{0.6\praindent}</code>, then you get
+something like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt; \praindent</samp>&rsquo;.
+If you leave off the backslash at the start of \<var class="var">len</var>, as in
+<code class="code">\addtolength{parindent}{1pt}</code>, then you get something like
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">You can't use `the letter p' after \advance</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csettodepth">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\settoheight</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\addtolength</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csettodepth-1"><span>14.4 <code class="code">\settodepth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csettodepth-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csettodepth"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\settodepth{\<var class="var">len</var>}{<var class="var">text</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Set the length \<var class="var">len</var> to the depth of box that LaTeX gets on
+typesetting the <var class="var">text</var> argument.  The length name <code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code>
+has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such
+must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under normal circumstances.
+</p>
+<p>This will print how low the character descenders go.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newlength{\alphabetdepth}
+\settodepth{\alphabetdepth}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
+\the\alphabetdepth
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If you did not declare \<var class="var">len</var> with <code class="code">\newlength</code>, if for example you
+mistype the above as <code class="code">\settodepth{\aplhabetdepth}{abc...}</code>,
+then you get something like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt;
+\aplhabetdepth</samp>&rsquo;.  If you leave the backslash out of \<var class="var">len</var>, as in
+<code class="code">\settodepth{alphabetdepth}{...}</code> then you get something like
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing number, treated as zero. &lt;to be read again&gt; \setbox</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csettoheight">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\settowidth</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\settodepth</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csettoheight-1"><span>14.5 <code class="code">\settoheight</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csettoheight-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csettoheight"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\settoheight{\<var class="var">len</var>}{text}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Sets the length \<var class="var">len</var> to the height of box that LaTeX gets on
+typesetting the <code class="code">text</code> argument.  The length name <code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code>
+has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such
+must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under normal circumstances.
+</p>
+<p>This will print how high the characters go.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newlength{\alphabetheight}
+\settoheight{\alphabetheight}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
+\the\alphabetheight
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If no such length \<var class="var">len</var> has been declared with <code class="code">\newlength</code>, if
+for example you mistype as
+<code class="code">\settoheight{\aplhabetheight}{abc...}</code>, then you get something
+like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt; \alphabetheight</samp>&rsquo;.  If
+you leave the backslash out of \<var class="var">len</var>, as in
+<code class="code">\settoheight{alphabetheight}{...}</code> then you get something like
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing number, treated as zero. &lt;to be read again&gt; \setbox</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005csettowidth">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstretch" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\stretch</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\settoheight</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csettowidth-1"><span>14.6 <code class="code">\settowidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csettowidth-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csettowidth"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\settowidth{\<var class="var">len</var>}{<var class="var">text</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Set the length \<var class="var">len</var> to the width of the box that LaTeX gets on
+typesetting the <var class="var">text</var> argument.  The length name <code class="code">\<var class="var">len</var></code>
+has to be a control sequence (see <a class="pxref" href="#Control-sequences">Control sequence, control word and control symbol</a>), and as such
+must begin with a backslash, <code class="code">\</code> under normal circumstances.
+</p>
+<p>This prints the width of the lowercase ASCII alphabet.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newlength{\alphabetwidth}
+\settowidth{\alphabetwidth}{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
+\the\alphabetwidth
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If no such length \<var class="var">len</var> has been declared with <code class="code">\newlength</code>,
+if for example you mistype the above as
+<code class="code">\settowidth{\aplhabetwidth}{abc...}</code>, then you get something
+like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Undefined control sequence. &lt;argument&gt; \aplhabetwidth</samp>&rsquo;.  If
+you leave the backslash out of \<var class="var">len</var>, as in
+<code class="code">\settoheight{alphabetwidth}{...}</code> then you get something like
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing number, treated as zero. &lt;to be read again&gt; \setbox</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cstretch">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Expressions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Expressions</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\settowidth</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cstretch-1"><span>14.7 <code class="code">\stretch</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cstretch-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cstretch"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\stretch{<var class="var">number</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Produces a rubber length with zero natural length and <var class="var">number</var> times
+<code class="code">\fill</code> units of stretchability (see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  The
+<var class="var">number</var> can be positive or negative.  This command is robust
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
+</p>
+<p>It works for both vertical and horizontal spacing.  In this horizontal
+example, LaTeX produces three tick marks, and the distance between
+the first and second is half again as long as the distance between the
+second and third.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\rule{0.4pt}{1ex}\hspace{\stretch{1.5}}%
+  \rule{0.4pt}{1ex}\hspace{\stretch{1}}%
+  \rule{0.4pt}{1ex} 
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In this vertical example, the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">We dedicate &hellip;</samp>&rsquo; will have three
+times as much space under it as above it.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newenvironment{dedication}{% in document preamble
+  \clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}% 
+  \vspace*{\stretch{1}} % stretchable space at top 
+  \it
+}{%
+  \vspace{\stretch{3}}  % space at bot is 3x as at top
+  \clearpage
+}
+  ...
+\begin{dedication}  % in document body
+We dedicate this book to our wives.
+\end{dedication}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Expressions">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstretch" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\stretch</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="Expressions-1"><span>14.8 Expressions<a class="copiable-link" href="#Expressions-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-expressions"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\numexpr <var class="var">expression</var> 
+\dimexpr <var class="var">expression</var>
+\glueexpr <var class="var">expression</var>
+\muglue <var class="var">expression</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Any place where you may write an integer, or a TeX dimen, or TeX
+glue, or muglue, you can instead write an expression to compute that
+type of quantity.
+</p>
+<p>An example is that <code class="code">\the\dimexpr\linewidth-4pt\relax</code> will
+produce as output the length that is four points less than width of a
+line (the only purpose of <code class="code">\the</code> is to show the result in the
+document).  Analogously, <code class="code">\romannumeral\numexpr6+3\relax</code> will
+produce &lsquo;<samp class="samp">ix</samp>&rsquo;, and <code class="code">\the\glueexpr 5pt plus 1pt * 2 \relax</code>
+will produce &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10.0pt plus 2.0pt</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>A convenience here over doing calculations by allocating registers and
+then using <code class="code">\advance</code>, etc., is that the evaluation of expressions
+does not involve assignments and can therefore be performed in places
+where assignments are not allowed.  The next example computes the width
+of the <code class="code">\parbox</code>.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newlength{\offset}\setlength{\offset}{2em}
+\begin{center}
+\parbox{\dimexpr\linewidth-\offset*3}{With malice toward none
+with charity for all with firmness in the right as God gives us to see
+the right let us strive on to finish the work we are in to bind up the
+nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and
+for his widow and his orphan \textasciitilde\ to do all which may
+achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with
+all nations.  ---Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, from the
+memorial}
+\end{center}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The <var class="var">expression</var> consists of one or more terms of the same type
+(integer, dimension, etc.) that are added or subtracted.  A term that is
+a type of number, dimension, etc., consists of a factor of that type,
+optionally multiplied or divided by factors.  A factor of a type is
+either a quantity of that type or a parenthesized subexpression.  The
+expression produces a result of the given type, so that <code class="code">\numexpr</code>
+produces an integer, <code class="code">\dimexpr</code> produces a dimension, etc.
+</p>
+<p>In the quotation example above, changing to
+<code class="code">\dimexpr\linewidth-3*\offset</code> gives the error <code class="code">Illegal unit
+of measure (pt inserted)</code>.  This is because for <code class="code">\dimexpr</code> and
+<code class="code">\glueexpr</code>, the input consists of a dimension or glue value
+followed by an optional multiplication factor, and not the other way
+around. Thus <code class="code">\the\dimexpr 1pt*10\relax</code> is valid and produces
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">10.0pt</samp>&rsquo;, but <code class="code">\the\dimexpr 10*1pt\relax</code> gives the
+<code class="code">Illegal unit</code> error.
+</p>
+<p>The expressions absorb tokens and carry out appropriate mathematics up
+to a <code class="code">\relax</code> (which will be absorbed), or up to the first
+non-valid token.  Thus, <code class="code">\the\numexpr2+3px</code> will print
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">5px</samp>&rsquo;, because LaTeX reads the <code class="code">\numexpr2+3</code>, which is
+made up of numbers, and then finds the letter <code class="code">p</code>, which cannot
+be part of a number.  It therefore terminates the expression and
+produces the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">5</samp>&rsquo;, followed by the regular text &lsquo;<samp class="samp">px</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>This termination behavior is useful in comparisons.  In
+<code class="code">\ifnum\numexpr\parindent*2 &lt; 10pt Yes\else No\fi</code>, the less than
+sign terminates the expression and the result is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">No</samp>&rsquo; (in a
+standard LaTeX article).
+</p>
+<p>Expressions may use the operators <code class="code">+</code>, <code class="code">-</code>, <code class="code">*</code> and
+<code class="code">/</code> along with parentheses for subexpressions, <code class="code">(...)</code>.  In
+glue expressions the <code class="code">plus</code> and <code class="code">minus</code> parts do not need
+parentheses to be affected by a factor. So <code class="code">\the\glueexpr 5pt plus
+1pt * 2 \relax</code> results in &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10pt plus 2pt</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>TeX will coerce other numerical types in the same way as it does when
+doing register assignment. Thus <code class="code">\the\numexpr\dimexpr
+1pt\relax\relax</code> will result in &lsquo;<samp class="samp">65536</samp>&rsquo;, which is <code class="code">1pt</code>
+converted to scaled points (see <a class="pxref" href="#units-of-length-sp"><code class="code">sp</code></a>,
+TeX&rsquo;s internal unit) and then coerced into an integer.  With a
+<code class="code">\glueexpr</code> here, the stretch and shrink would be dropped.  Going
+the other way, a <code class="code">\numexpr</code> inside a <code class="code">\dimexpr</code> or
+<code class="code">\glueexpr</code> will need appropriate units, as in
+<code class="code">\the\dimexpr\numexpr 1 + 2\relax pt\relax</code>, which produces
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">3.0pt</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>The details of the arithmetic: each factor is checked to be in the
+allowed range, numbers must be less than <em class="math">2^{31}</em> in absolute
+value, and dimensions or glue components must be less than
+<em class="math">2^{14}</em> points, or <code class="code">mu</code>, or <code class="code">fil</code>, etc.  The
+arithmetic operations are performed individually, except for a scaling
+operation (a multiplication immediately followed by a division) which
+is done as one combined operation with a 64-bit product as
+intermediate value. The result of each operation is again checked to
+be in the allowed range.
+</p>
+<p>Finally, division and scaling take place with rounding (unlike TeX&rsquo;s
+<code class="code">\divide</code>, which truncates).  Thus
+<code class="code">\the\dimexpr 5pt*(3/2)\relax</code> puts &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10.0pt</samp>&rsquo; in the document,
+because it rounds <code class="code">3/2</code> to <code class="code">2</code>, while
+<code class="code">\the\dimexpr 5pt*(4/3)\relax</code> produces &lsquo;<samp class="samp">5.0pt</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Making-paragraphs">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math formulas</a>, Previous: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Lengths</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Making-paragraphs-1"><span>15 Making paragraphs<a class="copiable-link" href="#Making-paragraphs-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-making-paragraphs"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraphs"></a>
+
+<p>To start a paragraph, just type some text.  To end the current
+paragraph, put an empty line.  This is three paragraphs, the
+separation of which is made by two empty lines.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession
+of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.
+
+However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his
+first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds
+of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property
+of some one or other of their daughters.
+
+``My dear Mr. Bennet,'' said his lady to him one day,
+``have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?''
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>A paragraph separator can be made of a sequence of at least one blank
+line, at least one of which is not terminated by a comment. A blank line
+is a line that is empty or made only of blank characters such as space
+or tab. Comments in source code are started with a <code class="code">%</code> and span up
+to the end of line. In the following example the two columns are
+identical:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
+\begin{document}
+First paragraph.
+
+Second paragraph.
+\newpage
+First paragraph.
+      
+  % separator lines may contain blank characters.
+  		
+Second paragraph.
+\end{document}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<p>Once LaTeX has gathered all of a paragraph&rsquo;s contents it divides that
+content into lines in a way that is optimized over the entire paragraph
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a>).
+</p>
+<p>There are places where a new paragraph is not permitted.  Don&rsquo;t put a
+blank line in math mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>); here the blank line before the
+<code class="code">\end{equation}</code>
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{equation}
+  2^{|S|} &gt; |S|
+
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will get you the error &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing $ inserted</samp>&rsquo;.  Similarly, the blank
+line in this <code class="code">\section</code> argument
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\section{aaa
+
+bbb}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>gets &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Runaway argument? {aaa ! Paragraph ended before \@sect was
+complete</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<ul class="mini-toc">
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cpar" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\par</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\indent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\noindent</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#Marginal-notes" accesskey="4">Marginal notes</a></li>
+</ul>
+<hr>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cpar">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\indent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\noindent</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpar-1"><span>15.1 <code class="code">\par</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cpar-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpar"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraph_002c-ending"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis (note that while reading the input TeX converts any sequence
+of one or more blank lines to a <code class="code">\par</code>, <a class="ref" href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a>):
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\par
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>End the current paragraph.  The usual way to separate paragraphs is with
+a blank line but the <code class="code">\par</code> command is entirely equivalent.  This
+command is robust (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
+</p>
+<p>This example uses <code class="code">\par</code> rather than a blank line simply for
+readability.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcommand{\syllabusLegalese}{%
+  \whatCheatingIs\par\whatHappensWhenICatchYou}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In LR mode the <code class="code">\par</code> command does nothing and is ignored.  In
+paragraph mode, the <code class="code">\par</code> command terminates paragraph mode,
+switching LaTeX to vertical mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
+</p>
+<p>You cannot use the <code class="code">\par</code> command in a math mode.  You also cannot
+use it in the argument of many commands, such as the sectioning
+commands, e.g. <code class="code">\section</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a> and
+<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><code class="code">\newcommand</code> &amp; <code class="code">\renewcommand</code></a>).
+</p>
+<p>The <code class="code">\par</code> command is not the same as the <code class="code">\paragraph</code>
+command. The latter is, like <code class="code">\section</code> or <code class="code">\subsection</code>, a
+sectioning command used by the LaTeX document standard classes
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph"><code class="code">\subsubsection</code>, <code class="code">\paragraph</code>, <code class="code">\subparagraph</code></a>).
+</p>
+<p>The <code class="code">\par</code> command is not the same as <code class="code">\newline</code> or the line
+break double backslash, <code class="code">\\</code>.  The difference is that <code class="code">\par</code>
+ends the paragraph, not just the line, and also triggers the addition of
+the between-paragraph vertical space <code class="code">\parskip</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a>).
+</p>
+<p>The output from this example
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">xyz
+
+\setlength{\parindent}{3in}
+\setlength{\parskip}{5in}
+\noindent test\indent test1\par test2 
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>is: after &lsquo;<samp class="samp">xyz</samp>&rsquo; there is a vertical skip of 5&nbsp;inches and then
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">test</samp>&rsquo; appears, aligned with the left margin.  On the same line,
+there is an empty horizontal space of 3&nbsp;inches and then
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">test1</samp>&rsquo; appears.  Finally. there is a vertical space of
+5&nbsp;inches, followed by a fresh paragraph with a paragraph indent of
+3&nbsp;inches, and then LaTeX puts the text &lsquo;<samp class="samp">test2</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpar" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\par</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent-1"><span>15.2 <code class="code">\indent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\noindent</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cindent"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cnoindent"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cindent"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnoindent"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-indent_002c-forcing"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\indent
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>or
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\noindent
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Go into horizontal mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).  The <code class="code">\indent</code> command
+first outputs an empty box whose width is <code class="code">\parindent</code>.  These
+commands are robust (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
+</p>
+<p>Ordinarily you create a new paragraph by putting in a blank line.
+See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005cpar"><code class="code">\par</code></a>, for the difference between this command and <code class="code">\par</code>.  To
+start a paragraph without an indent, or to continue an interrupted
+paragraph, use <code class="code">\noindent</code>.
+</p>
+<p>In the middle of a paragraph the <code class="code">\noindent</code> command has no effect,
+because LaTeX is already in horizontal mode there.  The
+<code class="code">\indent</code> command&rsquo;s only effect is to output a space.
+</p>
+<p>This example starts a fresh paragraph.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">... end of the prior paragraph.
+
+\noindent This paragraph is not indented.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>and this continues an interrupted paragraph.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">The data 
+
+\begin{center}
+  \begin{tabular}{rl} ... \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\noindent shows this clearly.
+</pre></div>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cparindent-1"></a>
+<p>To omit indentation in the entire document put
+<code class="code">\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}</code> in the preamble.  If you do that,
+you may want to also set the length of spaces between paragraphs,
+<code class="code">\parskip</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a>).
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-indentfirst-5"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-indentfirst-package-5"></a>
+
+<p>Default LaTeX styles have the first paragraph after a section that is
+not indented, as is traditional typesetting in English.  To change that,
+look on CTAN for the package <code class="code">indentfirst</code>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Marginal-notes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Marginal notes</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\indent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\noindent</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip-1"><span>15.3 <code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cparindent"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cparskip"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cparindent-2"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cparskip"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraph-indentation"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-horizontal-paragraph-indentation"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-vertical-space-before-paragraphs"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\setlength{\parindent}{<var class="var">horizontal len</var>}
+\setlength{\parskip}{<var class="var">vertical len</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Both are rubber lengths (see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  They affect the
+indentation of ordinary paragraphs, not paragraphs inside
+minipages (see <a class="pxref" href="#minipage"><code class="code">minipage</code></a>), and the vertical space between
+paragraphs, respectively.
+</p>
+<p>For example, if this is put in the preamble:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
+\setlength{\parskip}{1ex}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The document will have paragraphs that are not indented, but instead
+are vertically separated by about the height of a lowercase &lsquo;<samp class="samp">x</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>In LaTeX standard class documents, the default value for
+<code class="code">\parindent</code> in one-column documents is <code class="code">15pt</code> when the
+default text size is <code class="code">10pt</code>, <code class="code">17pt</code> for <code class="code">11pt</code>, and
+<code class="code">1.5em</code> for <code class="code">12pt</code>.  In two-column documents it is <code class="code">1em</code>.
+(These values are set before LaTeX calls <code class="code">\normalfont</code> so
+<code class="code">em</code> is derived from the default font, Computer Modern.  If you use
+a different font then to set <code class="code">\parindent</code> to 1<span class="dmn">em</span> matching
+that font, put
+<code class="code">\AtBeginDocument{\setlength{\parindent}{1em}}</code> in the
+preamble.)
+</p>
+<p>The default value for <code class="code">\parskip</code> in LaTeX&rsquo;s standard document
+classes is <code class="code">0pt plus1pt</code>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Marginal-notes">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\parindent</code> &amp; <code class="code">\parskip</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="Marginal-notes-1"><span>15.4 Marginal notes<a class="copiable-link" href="#Marginal-notes-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-marginal-notes"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-notes-in-the-margin"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-remarks-in-the-margin"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmarginpar"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\marginpar{<var class="var">right</var>}
+\marginpar[<var class="var">left</var>]{<var class="var">right</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Create a note in the margin.  The first line of the note will have the
+same baseline as the line in the text where the <code class="code">\marginpar</code>
+occurs.
+</p>
+<p>The margin that LaTeX uses for the note depends on the current layout
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a>) and also on <code class="code">\reversemarginpar</code>
+(see below).  If you are using one-sided layout (document option
+<code class="code">oneside</code>) then it goes in the right margin.  If you are using
+two-sided layout (document option <code class="code">twoside</code>) then it goes in the
+outside margin.  If you are in two-column layout (document option
+<code class="code">twocolumn</code>) then it goes in the nearest margin.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005creversemarginpar"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnormalmarginpar"></a>
+<p>If you declare <code class="code">\reversemarginpar</code> then LaTeX will place
+subsequent marginal notes in the opposite margin to that given in the
+prior paragraph.  Revert that to the default position with
+<code class="code">\normalmarginpar</code>.
+</p>
+<p>When you specify the optional argument <var class="var">left</var> then it is used for
+a note in the left margin, while the mandatory argument <var class="var">right</var> is
+used for a note in the right margin.
+</p>
+<p>Normally, a note&rsquo;s first word will not be hyphenated.  You can enable
+hyphenation there by beginning <var class="var">left</var> or <var class="var">right</var> with
+<code class="code">\hspace{0pt}</code>.
+</p>
+<p>These parameters affect the formatting of the note:
+</p>
+<dl class="ftable">
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmarginparpush-2"></a><span><code class="code">\marginparpush</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmarginparpush-2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="marginal-notes-marginparpush"></a><p>Minimum vertical space between notes; default &lsquo;<samp class="samp">7pt</samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">12pt</samp>&rsquo;
+documents, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">5pt</samp>&rsquo; else. See also&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#page-layout-parameters-marginparpush">page layout parameters marginparpush</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmarginparsep"></a><span><code class="code">\marginparsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmarginparsep"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="marginal-notes-marginparsep"></a><p>Horizontal space between the main text and the note; default
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">11pt</samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10pt</samp>&rsquo; documents, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10pt</samp>&rsquo; else.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmarginparwidth-2"></a><span><code class="code">\marginparwidth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmarginparwidth-2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="marginal-notes-marginparwidth"></a><p>Width of the note itself; default for a one-sided &lsquo;<samp class="samp">10pt</samp>&rsquo; document
+is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">90pt</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">83pt</samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">11pt</samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">68pt</samp>&rsquo; for
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">12pt</samp>&rsquo;; &lsquo;<samp class="samp">17pt</samp>&rsquo; more in each case for a two-sided document.
+In two column mode, the default is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">48pt</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The standard LaTeX routine for marginal notes does not prevent
+notes from falling off the bottom of the page.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Math-formulas">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Modes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Making paragraphs</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Math-formulas-1"><span>16 Math formulas<a class="copiable-link" href="#Math-formulas-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-formulas"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-formulas_002c-math"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-mode_002c-entering"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-math-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-environment-1"></a>
+        
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-displaymath-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-displaymath-environment-1"></a>
+        
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment_002c-equation-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-equation-environment-1"></a>
+        
+
+<p>Produce mathematical text by putting LaTeX into math mode or display
+math mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).  This example shows both.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">The wave equation for \( u \) is
+\begin{displaymath}
+  \frac{\partial^2u}{\partial t^2} = c^2\nabla^2u
+\end{displaymath}
+where \( \nabla^2 \) is the spatial Laplacian and \( c \) is constant.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Math mode is for inline mathematics.  In the above example it is invoked
+by the starting <code class="code">\(</code> and finished by the matching ending <code class="code">\)</code>.
+Display math mode is for displayed equations and here is invoked by the
+<code class="code">displaymath</code> environment.  Note that any mathematical text
+whatever, including mathematical text consisting of just one character,
+is handled in math mode.
+</p>
+<p>When in math mode or display math mode, LaTeX handles many aspects of
+your input text differently than in other text modes.  For example,
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">contrast x+y with \( x+y \)
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>in math mode the letters are in italics and the spacing around the plus
+sign is different.
+</p>
+<p>There are three ways to make inline formulas, to put LaTeX in math
+mode.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\( <var class="var">mathematical material</var> \)
+$ <var class="var">mathematical material</var> $
+\begin{math} <var class="var">mathematical material</var> \end{math}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The first form is preferred and the second is quite common, but the
+third form is rarely used.  You can sometimes use one and sometimes
+another, as in <code class="code">\(x\) and $y$</code>.  You can use these in paragraph
+mode or in LR mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
+</p>
+<p>To make displayed formulas, put LaTeX into display math mode with
+either:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{displaymath}
+  <var class="var">mathematical material</var>
+\end{displaymath}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>or
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{equation}
+  <var class="var">mathematical material</var>
+\end{equation}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(see <a class="pxref" href="#displaymath"><code class="code">displaymath</code></a>, see <a class="pxref" href="#equation"><code class="code">equation</code></a>).  The only difference is that
+with the <code class="code">equation</code> environment, LaTeX puts a formula number
+alongside the formula.  The construct <code class="code">\[ <var class="var">math</var> \]</code> is
+equivalent to <code class="code">\begin{displaymath} <var class="var">math</var>
+\end{displaymath}</code>.  These environments can only be used in paragraph
+mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-amsmath-5"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-amsmath-package-5"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-amsfonts"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-amsfonts-package"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-mathtools"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mathtools-package"></a>
+
+<p>The American Mathematical Society has made freely available a set of
+packages that greatly expand your options for writing mathematics,
+<code class="code">amsmath</code> and <code class="code">amssymb</code> (also be aware of the <code class="code">mathtools</code>
+package that is an extension to, and loads, <code class="code">amsmath</code>).  New
+documents that will have mathematical text should use these packages.
+Descriptions of these packages is outside the scope of this document;
+see their documentation on CTAN.
+</p>
+
+
+<ul class="mini-toc">
+<li><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" accesskey="1">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="2">Math symbols</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="3">Math functions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="4">Math accents</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math" accesskey="5">Over- or under math</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="6">Spacing in math mode</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Math-styles" accesskey="7">Math styles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="8">Math miscellany</a></li>
+</ul>
+<hr>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1"><span>16.1 Subscripts &amp; superscripts<a class="copiable-link" href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="anchor" id="superscript"></a><a class="anchor" id="subscript"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-superscript"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subscript"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005e-superscript"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005f-subscript"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-exponent"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis (in math mode or display math mode), one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">base</var>^<var class="var">exp</var>
+<var class="var">base</var>^{<var class="var">exp</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>or, one of:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">base</var>_<var class="var">exp</var>
+<var class="var">base</var>_{<var class="var">exp</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Make <var class="var">exp</var> appear as a superscript of <var class="var">base</var> (with the caret
+character,&nbsp;<code class="code">^</code>) or a subscript (with
+underscore,&nbsp;<code class="code">_</code>).
+</p>
+<p>In this example the <code class="code">0</code>&rsquo;s and <code class="code">1</code>&rsquo;s are subscripts while the
+<code class="code">2</code>&rsquo;s are superscripts.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\( (x_0+x_1)^2 \leq (x_0)^2+(x_1)^2 \)
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>To have the subscript or superscript contain more than one character,
+surround the expression with curly braces, as in <code class="code">e^{-2x}</code>.
+This example&rsquo;s fourth line shows curly braces used to group an expression
+for the exponent.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{displaymath}
+  (3^3)^3=27^3=19\,683
+  \qquad
+  3^{(3^3)}=3^{27}=7\,625\,597\,484\,987
+\end{displaymath}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>LaTeX knows how to handle a superscript on a superscript, or a
+subscript on a subscript, or supers on subs, or subs on supers.  So,
+expressions such as <code class="code">e^{x^2}</code> and <code class="code">x_{i_0}</code> give correct
+output.  Note the use in those expressions of curly braces to give the
+<var class="var">base</var> a determined <var class="var">exp</var>.  If you enter <code class="code">\(3^3^3\)</code>, this
+interpreted as <code class="code">\(3^{3}^{3}\)</code> and then you get TeX error
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Double superscript</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>LaTeX does the right thing when something has both a subscript and a
+superscript.  In this example the integral has both.  They come out in
+the correct place without any author intervention.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{displaymath}
+  \int_{x=a}^b f'(x)\,dx = f(b)-f(a)
+\end{displaymath}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Note the curly braces around <code class="code">x=a</code> to make the entire expression a
+subscript.
+</p>
+<p>To put a superscript or subscript before a symbol, use a construct like
+<code class="code">{}_t K^2</code>.  The empty curly braces <code class="code">{}</code> give the
+subscript something to attach to and keeps it from accidentally
+attaching to a prior symbols.
+</p>
+<p>Using the subscript or superscript character outside of math mode or
+display math mode, as in <code class="code">the expression x^2</code>, will get you
+the TeX error &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Missing $ inserted</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-mhchem"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mhchem-package"></a>
+
+<p>A common reason to want subscripts outside of a mathematics mode is to
+typeset chemical formulas.  There are packages for that, such as
+<code class="code">mhchem</code>; see CTAN.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Math-symbols">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math functions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1"><span>16.2 Math symbols<a class="copiable-link" href="#Math-symbols-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-symbols"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-symbols_002c-math"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-greek-letters"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-comprehensive"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-comprehensive-package"></a>
+
+
+<p>LaTeX provides almost any mathematical or technical symbol that
+anyone uses. For example, if you include <code class="code">$\pi$</code> in your source,
+you will get the pi symbol &#x03C0;. See the &ldquo;Comprehensive
+LaTeX Symbol List&rdquo; package at
+<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive">https://ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Here is a list of commonly-used symbols.  It is by no means exhaustive.
+Each symbol is described with a short phrase, and its symbol class,
+which determines the spacing around it, is given in parenthesis.  Unless
+said otherwise, the commands for these symbols can be used only in math
+mode.  To redefine a command so that it can be used whatever the current
+mode, see <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005censuremath"><code class="code">\ensuremath</code></a>.
+</p>
+
+<dl class="ftable">
+<dt><a id="index-_005c_007c"></a><span><code class="code">\|</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_007c"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2225; Parallel (relation). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\parallel</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005caleph"></a><span><code class="code">\aleph</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005caleph"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2135; Aleph, transfinite cardinal (ordinary).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005calpha"></a><span><code class="code">\alpha</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005calpha"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x03B1; Lowercase Greek letter alpha (ordinary).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005camalg"></a><span><code class="code">\amalg</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005camalg"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2A3F; Disjoint union (binary)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cangle"></a><span><code class="code">\angle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cangle"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2220; Geometric angle (ordinary). Similar: less-than
+sign&nbsp;<code class="code">&lt;</code> and angle bracket&nbsp;<code class="code">\langle</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005capprox"></a><span><code class="code">\approx</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005capprox"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2248; Almost equal to (relation).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cast"></a><span><code class="code">\ast</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cast"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2217; Asterisk operator, convolution, six-pointed
+(binary). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">*</code>, which is often a superscript or
+subscript, as in the Kleene star. Similar:&nbsp;<code class="code">\star</code>, which is
+five-pointed, and is sometimes used as a general binary operation, and
+sometimes reserved for cross-correlation.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005casymp"></a><span><code class="code">\asymp</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005casymp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x224D; Asymptotically equivalent (relation).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbackslash"></a><span><code class="code">\backslash</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbackslash"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>\ Backslash (ordinary).  Similar: set minus&nbsp;<code class="code">\setminus</code>, and
+<code class="code">\textbackslash</code> for backslash outside of math mode.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbeta"></a><span><code class="code">\beta</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbeta"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x03B2; Lowercase Greek letter beta (ordinary).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigcap"></a><span><code class="code">\bigcap</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigcap"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x22C2; Variable-sized, or n-ary, intersection (operator). Similar:
+binary intersection&nbsp;<code class="code">\cap</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigcirc"></a><span><code class="code">\bigcirc</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigcirc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x26AA; Circle, larger (binary).  Similar: function
+composition&nbsp;<code class="code">\circ</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigcup"></a><span><code class="code">\bigcup</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigcup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x22C3; Variable-sized, or n-ary, union (operator). Similar: binary
+union&nbsp;<code class="code">\cup</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigodot"></a><span><code class="code">\bigodot</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigodot"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2A00; Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled dot operator (operator).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigoplus"></a><span><code class="code">\bigoplus</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigoplus"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2A01; Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled plus operator (operator).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigotimes"></a><span><code class="code">\bigotimes</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigotimes"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2A02; Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled times operator (operator).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigtriangledown"></a><span><code class="code">\bigtriangledown</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigtriangledown"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x25BD; Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle
+pointing down (binary). Synonym: <var class="var">\varbigtriangledown</var>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigtriangleup"></a><span><code class="code">\bigtriangleup</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigtriangleup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x25B3; Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle
+pointing up (binary). Synonym: <var class="var">\varbigtriangleup</var>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigsqcup"></a><span><code class="code">\bigsqcup</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigsqcup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2A06; Variable-sized, or n-ary, square union (operator).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbiguplus"></a><span><code class="code">\biguplus</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbiguplus"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x2A04; Variable-sized, or n-ary, union operator with a plus
+(operator).  (Note that the name has only one p.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigvee"></a><span><code class="code">\bigvee</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigvee"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x22C1; Variable-sized, or n-ary, logical-or (operator).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigwedge"></a><span><code class="code">\bigwedge</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigwedge"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x22C0; Variable-sized, or n-ary, logical-and (operator).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbot"></a><span><code class="code">\bot</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbot"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x22A5;, Up tack, bottom, least element of a partially ordered
+set, or a contradiction (ordinary).  See also&nbsp;<code class="code">\top</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cBox'><span><code class="code">\Box</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cBox'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbowtie"></a><span><code class="code">\bowtie</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbowtie"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#x22C8; Natural join of two relations (relation).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cBox"></a><span><code class="code">\Box</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cBox"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x25A1; Modal operator for necessity; square open box
 (ordinary).  Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <code class="code">amssymb</code> package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbullet'><span><code class="code">\bullet</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbullet'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbullet"></a><span><code class="code">\bullet</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbullet"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bullet-symbol"></a>
 <p>&#x2022; Bullet (binary).  Similar: multiplication
 dot&nbsp;<code class="code">\cdot</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccap'><span><code class="code">\cap</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccap'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccap"></a><span><code class="code">\cap</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccap"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2229; Intersection of two sets (binary).  Similar: variable-sized
 operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\bigcap</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccdot'><span><code class="code">\cdot</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccdot'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccdot"></a><span><code class="code">\cdot</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccdot"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x22C5; Multiplication (binary).  Similar: Bullet
 dot&nbsp;<code class="code">\bullet</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cchi'><span><code class="code">\chi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cchi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cchi"></a><span><code class="code">\chi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cchi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C7; Lowercase Greek chi (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccirc'><span><code class="code">\circ</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccirc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccirc"></a><span><code class="code">\circ</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccirc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2218; Function composition, ring operator (binary).  Similar:
 variable-sized operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\bigcirc</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cclubsuit'><span><code class="code">\clubsuit</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cclubsuit'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cclubsuit"></a><span><code class="code">\clubsuit</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cclubsuit"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2663; Club card suit (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccomplement'><span><code class="code">\complement</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccomplement'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccomplement"></a><span><code class="code">\complement</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccomplement"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2201;, Set complement, used as a superscript as in
 <code class="code">$S^\complement$</code> (ordinary).  Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <code class="code">amssymb</code> package. Also used:
 <code class="code">$S^{\mathsf{c}}$</code> or&nbsp;<code class="code">$\bar{S}$</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccong'><span><code class="code">\cong</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccong'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccong"></a><span><code class="code">\cong</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccong"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2245; Congruent (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccoprod'><span><code class="code">\coprod</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccoprod'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccoprod"></a><span><code class="code">\coprod</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccoprod"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2210; Coproduct (operator).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccup'><span><code class="code">\cup</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccup"></a><span><code class="code">\cup</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x222A; Union of two sets (binary).  Similar: variable-sized
 operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\bigcup</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdagger'><span><code class="code">\dagger</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdagger'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdagger"></a><span><code class="code">\dagger</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdagger"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2020; Dagger relation (binary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdashv'><span><code class="code">\dashv</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdashv'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdashv"></a><span><code class="code">\dashv</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdashv"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x22A3; Dash with vertical, reversed turnstile (relation).  Similar:
 turnstile&nbsp;<code class="code">\vdash</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cddagger'><span><code class="code">\ddagger</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cddagger'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cddagger"></a><span><code class="code">\ddagger</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cddagger"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2021; Double dagger relation (binary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cDelta'><span><code class="code">\Delta</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cDelta'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cDelta"></a><span><code class="code">\Delta</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cDelta"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x0394; Greek uppercase delta, used for increment (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdelta'><span><code class="code">\delta</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdelta'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdelta"></a><span><code class="code">\delta</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdelta"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03B4; Greek lowercase delta (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cDiamond'><span><code class="code">\Diamond</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cDiamond'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cDiamond"></a><span><code class="code">\Diamond</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cDiamond"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x25C7; Large diamond operator (ordinary).  Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <code class="code">amssymb</code> package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdiamond'><span><code class="code">\diamond</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdiamond'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdiamond"></a><span><code class="code">\diamond</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdiamond"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x22C4; Diamond operator (binary).  Similar: large
 diamond&nbsp;<code class="code">\Diamond</code>, circle bullet&nbsp;<code class="code">\bullet</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdiamondsuit'><span><code class="code">\diamondsuit</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdiamondsuit'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdiamondsuit"></a><span><code class="code">\diamondsuit</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdiamondsuit"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2662; Diamond card suit (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdiv'><span><code class="code">\div</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdiv'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdiv"></a><span><code class="code">\div</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdiv"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x00F7; Division sign (binary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdoteq'><span><code class="code">\doteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdoteq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdoteq"></a><span><code class="code">\doteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdoteq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2250; Approaches the limit (relation).  Similar: geometrically equal
 to&nbsp;<code class="code">\Doteq</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdownarrow'><span><code class="code">\downarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdownarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdownarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\downarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdownarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2193; Down arrow, converges (relation).  Similar:
 <code class="code">\Downarrow</code> double line down arrow.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cDownarrow'><span><code class="code">\Downarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cDownarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cDownarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\Downarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cDownarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21D3; Double line down arrow (relation).  Similar:
 <code class="code">\downarrow</code> single line down arrow.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cell'><span><code class="code">\ell</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cell'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cell"></a><span><code class="code">\ell</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cell"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2113; Lowercase cursive letter l (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cemptyset'><span><code class="code">\emptyset</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cemptyset'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cemptyset"></a><span><code class="code">\emptyset</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cemptyset"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2205; Empty set symbol (ordinary).  The variant form is
 <code class="code">\varnothing</code>.
 </p>	
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cepsilon'><span><code class="code">\epsilon</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cepsilon'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cepsilon"></a><span><code class="code">\epsilon</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cepsilon"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03F5; Lowercase lunate epsilon (ordinary). Similar to
 Greek text letter. More widely used in mathematics is the script small
 letter epsilon <code class="code">\varepsilon</code>&nbsp;&#x03B5;. Related:
 the set membership relation <code class="code">\in</code>&nbsp;&#x2208;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cequiv'><span><code class="code">\equiv</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cequiv'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cequiv"></a><span><code class="code">\equiv</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cequiv"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2261; Equivalence (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ceta'><span><code class="code">\eta</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ceta'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ceta"></a><span><code class="code">\eta</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ceta"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03B7; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cexists'><span><code class="code">\exists</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cexists'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cexists"></a><span><code class="code">\exists</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cexists"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2203; Existential quantifier (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cflat'><span><code class="code">\flat</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cflat'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cflat"></a><span><code class="code">\flat</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cflat"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x266D; Musical flat (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cforall'><span><code class="code">\forall</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cforall'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cforall"></a><span><code class="code">\forall</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cforall"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2200; Universal quantifier (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfrown'><span><code class="code">\frown</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfrown'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfrown"></a><span><code class="code">\frown</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfrown"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2322; Downward curving arc (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cGamma'><span><code class="code">\Gamma</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cGamma'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cGamma"></a><span><code class="code">\Gamma</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cGamma"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x0393; uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cgamma'><span><code class="code">\gamma</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cgamma'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cgamma"></a><span><code class="code">\gamma</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cgamma"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03B3; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cge'><span><code class="code">\ge</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cge'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cge"></a><span><code class="code">\ge</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cge"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2265; Greater than or equal to (relation).  This is a synonym
 for&nbsp;<code class="code">\geq</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cgeq'><span><code class="code">\geq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cgeq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cgeq"></a><span><code class="code">\geq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cgeq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2265; Greater than or equal to (relation).  This is a synonym
 for&nbsp;<code class="code">\ge</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cgets'><span><code class="code">\gets</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cgets'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cgets"></a><span><code class="code">\gets</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cgets"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2190; Is assigned the value (relation).
 Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\leftarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cgg'><span><code class="code">\gg</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cgg'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cgg"></a><span><code class="code">\gg</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cgg"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x226B; Much greater than (relation).  Similar: much less
 than&nbsp;<code class="code">\ll</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005chbar'><span><code class="code">\hbar</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005chbar'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005chbar"></a><span><code class="code">\hbar</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005chbar"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x210F; Planck constant over two pi (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cheartsuit'><span><code class="code">\heartsuit</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cheartsuit'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cheartsuit"></a><span><code class="code">\heartsuit</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cheartsuit"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2661; Heart card suit (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005chookleftarrow'><span><code class="code">\hookleftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005chookleftarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005chookleftarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\hookleftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005chookleftarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21A9; Hooked left arrow (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005chookrightarrow'><span><code class="code">\hookrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005chookrightarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005chookrightarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\hookrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005chookrightarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21AA; Hooked right arrow (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ciff'><span><code class="code">\iff</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ciff'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ciff"></a><span><code class="code">\iff</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ciff"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x27F7; If and only if (relation).  It is <code class="code">\Longleftrightarrow</code>
 with a <code class="code">\thickmuskip</code> on either side.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cIm'><span><code class="code">\Im</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cIm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cIm"></a><span><code class="code">\Im</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cIm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2111; Imaginary part (ordinary).  See: real part&nbsp;<code class="code">\Re</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cimath'><span><code class="code">\imath</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cimath'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cimath"></a><span><code class="code">\imath</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cimath"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dotless-i_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Dotless i; used when you are putting an accent on an i (see <a class="pxref" href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cin'><span><code class="code">\in</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cin'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cin"></a><span><code class="code">\in</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cin"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2208; Set element (relation).  See also: lowercase lunate
 epsilon&nbsp;<code class="code">\epsilon</code>&#x03F5; and small letter script
 epsilon&nbsp;<code class="code">\varepsilon</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cinfty'><span><code class="code">\infty</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cinfty'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cinfty"></a><span><code class="code">\infty</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cinfty"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x221E; Infinity (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cint'><span><code class="code">\int</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cint'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cint"></a><span><code class="code">\int</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cint"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x222B; Integral (operator).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ciota'><span><code class="code">\iota</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ciota'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ciota"></a><span><code class="code">\iota</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ciota"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03B9; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cJoin'><span><code class="code">\Join</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cJoin'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cJoin"></a><span><code class="code">\Join</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cJoin"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2A1D; Condensed bowtie symbol (relation).  Not available in Plain
 TeX.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cjmath'><span><code class="code">\jmath</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cjmath'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cjmath"></a><span><code class="code">\jmath</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cjmath"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dotless-j_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Dotless j; used when you are putting an accent on a j (see <a class="pxref" href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ckappa'><span><code class="code">\kappa</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ckappa'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ckappa"></a><span><code class="code">\kappa</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ckappa"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03BA; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cLambda'><span><code class="code">\Lambda</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cLambda'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cLambda"></a><span><code class="code">\Lambda</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cLambda"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x039B; uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clambda'><span><code class="code">\lambda</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clambda'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clambda"></a><span><code class="code">\lambda</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clambda"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03BB; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cland'><span><code class="code">\land</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cland'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cland"></a><span><code class="code">\land</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cland"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2227; Logical and (binary).  Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\wedge</code>.
 See also logical&nbsp;or&nbsp;<code class="code">\lor</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clangle'><span><code class="code">\langle</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clangle'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clangle"></a><span><code class="code">\langle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clangle"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x27E8; Left angle, or sequence, bracket (opening).  Similar:
 less-than&nbsp;<code class="code">&lt;</code>. Matches&nbsp;<code class="code">\rangle</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clbrace'><span><code class="code">\lbrace</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clbrace'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clbrace"></a><span><code class="code">\lbrace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clbrace"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x007B; Left curly brace
 (opening). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\{</code>. Matches&nbsp;<code class="code">\rbrace</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clbrack'><span><code class="code">\lbrack</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clbrack'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clbrack"></a><span><code class="code">\lbrack</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clbrack"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x005B; Left square bracket (opening).
 Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">[</code>. Matches&nbsp;<code class="code">\rbrack</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clceil'><span><code class="code">\lceil</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clceil'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clceil"></a><span><code class="code">\lceil</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clceil"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2308; Left ceiling bracket, like a square bracket but with the bottom
 shaved off (opening). Matches&nbsp;<code class="code">\rceil</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cle'><span><code class="code">\le</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cle'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cle"></a><span><code class="code">\le</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cle"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2264; Less than or equal to (relation).  This is a synonym
 for&nbsp;<code class="code">\leq</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cleadsto'><span><code class="code">\leadsto</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cleadsto'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cleadsto"></a><span><code class="code">\leadsto</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cleadsto"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21DD; Squiggly right arrow (relation).
 To get this symbol outside of math mode you can put
 <code class="code">\newcommand*{\Leadsto}{\ensuremath{\leadsto}}</code> in the
 preamble and then use <code class="code">\Leadsto</code> instead.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cLeftarrow'><span><code class="code">\Leftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cLeftarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cLeftarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\Leftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cLeftarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21D0; Is implied by, double-line left arrow (relation).  Similar:
 single-line left arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\leftarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cleftarrow'><span><code class="code">\leftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cleftarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cleftarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\leftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cleftarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2190; Single-line left arrow (relation).
 Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\gets</code>. Similar: double-line left
 arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\Leftarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cleftharpoondown'><span><code class="code">\leftharpoondown</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cleftharpoondown'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cleftharpoondown"></a><span><code class="code">\leftharpoondown</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cleftharpoondown"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21BD; Single-line left harpoon, barb under bar (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cleftharpoonup'><span><code class="code">\leftharpoonup</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cleftharpoonup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cleftharpoonup"></a><span><code class="code">\leftharpoonup</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cleftharpoonup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21BC; Single-line left harpoon, barb over bar (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cLeftrightarrow'><span><code class="code">\Leftrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cLeftrightarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cLeftrightarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\Leftrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cLeftrightarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21D4; Bi-implication; double-line double-headed arrow (relation).
 Similar: single-line double headed arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\leftrightarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cleftrightarrow'><span><code class="code">\leftrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cleftrightarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cleftrightarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\leftrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cleftrightarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2194; Single-line double-headed arrow (relation).  Similar:
 double-line double headed arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\Leftrightarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cleq'><span><code class="code">\leq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cleq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cleq"></a><span><code class="code">\leq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cleq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2264; Less than or equal to (relation).  This is a synonym
 for&nbsp;<code class="code">\le</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clfloor'><span><code class="code">\lfloor</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clfloor'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clfloor"></a><span><code class="code">\lfloor</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clfloor"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x230A; Left floor bracket (opening). Matches:&nbsp;<code class="code">\floor</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clhd'><span><code class="code">\lhd</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clhd'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clhd"></a><span><code class="code">\lhd</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clhd"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x25C1; Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing left (binary).
 For the normal subgroup symbol you should load
 <code class="code">amssymb</code> and use&nbsp;<code class="code">\vartriangleleft</code> (which is a relation
 and so gives better spacing).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cll'><span><code class="code">\ll</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cll'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cll"></a><span><code class="code">\ll</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cll"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x226A; Much less than (relation).  Similar: much greater
 than&nbsp;<code class="code">\gg</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clnot'><span><code class="code">\lnot</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clnot'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clnot"></a><span><code class="code">\lnot</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clnot"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x00AC; Logical negation (ordinary). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\neg</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clongleftarrow'><span><code class="code">\longleftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clongleftarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clongleftarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\longleftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clongleftarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x27F5; Long single-line left arrow (relation).  Similar: long
 double-line left arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\Longleftarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clongleftrightarrow'><span><code class="code">\longleftrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clongleftrightarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clongleftrightarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\longleftrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clongleftrightarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x27F7; Long single-line double-headed arrow (relation).  Similar: long
 double-line double-headed arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\Longleftrightarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clongmapsto'><span><code class="code">\longmapsto</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clongmapsto'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clongmapsto"></a><span><code class="code">\longmapsto</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clongmapsto"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x27FC; Long single-line left arrow starting with vertical bar
 (relation).  Similar: shorter version&nbsp;<code class="code">\mapsto</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clongrightarrow'><span><code class="code">\longrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clongrightarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clongrightarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\longrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clongrightarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x27F6; Long single-line right arrow (relation).  Similar: long
 double-line right arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\Longrightarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clor'><span><code class="code">\lor</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clor'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clor"></a><span><code class="code">\lor</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clor"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2228; Logical or (binary).  Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\vee</code>.
 See also logical&nbsp;and&nbsp;<code class="code">\land</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmapsto'><span><code class="code">\mapsto</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmapsto'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmapsto"></a><span><code class="code">\mapsto</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmapsto"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21A6; Single-line left arrow starting with vertical bar
 (relation).
 Similar: longer version&nbsp;<code class="code">\longmapsto</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmho'><span><code class="code">\mho</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmho'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmho"></a><span><code class="code">\mho</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmho"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2127; Conductance, half-circle rotated capital omega (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmid'><span><code class="code">\mid</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmid'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmid"></a><span><code class="code">\mid</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmid"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2223; Single-line vertical bar (relation).  A typical use of
 <code class="code">\mid</code> is for a set <code class="code">\{\, x \mid x\geq 5 \,\}</code>.
 </p>
@@ -14080,52 +14866,52 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
 for&nbsp;<code class="code">\vert</code> and for norm see the entry for&nbsp;<code class="code">\Vert</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmodels'><span><code class="code">\models</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmodels'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmodels"></a><span><code class="code">\models</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmodels"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x22A8; Entails, or satisfies; double turnstile, short double dash
 (relation).  Similar: long double dash&nbsp;<code class="code">\vDash</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmp'><span><code class="code">\mp</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmp"></a><span><code class="code">\mp</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2213; Minus or plus (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmu'><span><code class="code">\mu</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmu'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmu"></a><span><code class="code">\mu</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmu"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03BC; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cnabla'><span><code class="code">\nabla</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cnabla'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cnabla"></a><span><code class="code">\nabla</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cnabla"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2207; Hamilton&rsquo;s del, or differential, operator (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cnatural'><span><code class="code">\natural</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cnatural'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cnatural"></a><span><code class="code">\natural</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cnatural"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x266E; Musical natural notation (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cne'><span><code class="code">\ne</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cne'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cne"></a><span><code class="code">\ne</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cne"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2260; Not equal (relation). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\neq</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cnearrow'><span><code class="code">\nearrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cnearrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cnearrow"></a><span><code class="code">\nearrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cnearrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2197; North-east arrow (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cneg'><span><code class="code">\neg</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cneg'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cneg"></a><span><code class="code">\neg</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cneg"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x00AC; Logical negation (ordinary).
 Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\lnot</code>. Sometimes instead used for
 negation:&nbsp;<code class="code">\sim</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cneq'><span><code class="code">\neq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cneq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cneq"></a><span><code class="code">\neq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cneq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2260; Not equal (relation). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\ne</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cni'><span><code class="code">\ni</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cni'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cni"></a><span><code class="code">\ni</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cni"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x220B; Reflected membership epsilon; has the member
 (relation). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\owns</code>. Similar: is a member
 of&nbsp;<code class="code">\in</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cnot'><span><code class="code">\not</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cnot'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cnot"></a><span><code class="code">\not</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cnot"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x0020;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long solidus, or slash, used to overstrike a
 following operator (relation).
 </p>
@@ -14134,107 +14920,107 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
 is typographically preferable to <code class="code">\not\in</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cnotin'><span><code class="code">\notin</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cnotin'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cnotin"></a><span><code class="code">\notin</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cnotin"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2209; Not an element of (relation).  Similar: not subset
 of&nbsp;<code class="code">\nsubseteq</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cnu'><span><code class="code">\nu</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cnu'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cnu"></a><span><code class="code">\nu</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cnu"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03BD; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cnwarrow'><span><code class="code">\nwarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cnwarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cnwarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\nwarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cnwarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2196; North-west arrow (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005codot'><span><code class="code">\odot</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005codot'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005codot"></a><span><code class="code">\odot</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005codot"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2299; Dot inside a circle (binary).  Similar: variable-sized
 operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\bigodot</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005coint'><span><code class="code">\oint</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005coint'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005coint"></a><span><code class="code">\oint</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005coint"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x222E; Contour integral, integral with circle in the middle
 (operator).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cOmega'><span><code class="code">\Omega</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cOmega'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cOmega"></a><span><code class="code">\Omega</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cOmega"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03A9; uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005comega'><span><code class="code">\omega</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005comega'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005comega"></a><span><code class="code">\omega</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005comega"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C9; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cominus'><span><code class="code">\ominus</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cominus'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cominus"></a><span><code class="code">\ominus</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cominus"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2296; Minus sign, or dash, inside a circle (binary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005coplus'><span><code class="code">\oplus</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005coplus'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005coplus"></a><span><code class="code">\oplus</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005coplus"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2295; Plus sign inside a circle (binary).  Similar: variable-sized
 operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\bigoplus</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005coslash'><span><code class="code">\oslash</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005coslash'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005coslash"></a><span><code class="code">\oslash</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005coslash"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2298; Solidus, or slash, inside a circle (binary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cotimes'><span><code class="code">\otimes</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cotimes'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cotimes"></a><span><code class="code">\otimes</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cotimes"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2297; Times sign, or cross, inside a circle (binary).  Similar:
 variable-sized operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\bigotimes</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cowns'><span><code class="code">\owns</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cowns'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cowns"></a><span><code class="code">\owns</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cowns"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x220B; Reflected membership epsilon; has the member
 (relation). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\ni</code>. Similar: is a member
 of&nbsp;<code class="code">\in</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cparallel'><span><code class="code">\parallel</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cparallel'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cparallel"></a><span><code class="code">\parallel</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cparallel"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2225; Parallel (relation). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\|</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpartial'><span><code class="code">\partial</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpartial'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpartial"></a><span><code class="code">\partial</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpartial"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2202; Partial differential (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cperp'><span><code class="code">\perp</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cperp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cperp"></a><span><code class="code">\perp</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cperp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x27C2; Perpendicular (relation).  Similar:&nbsp;<code class="code">\bot</code> uses the
 same glyph but the spacing is different because it is in the class
 ordinary.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cPhi'><span><code class="code">\Phi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cPhi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cPhi"></a><span><code class="code">\Phi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cPhi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03A6; Uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cphi'><span><code class="code">\phi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cphi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cphi"></a><span><code class="code">\phi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cphi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03D5; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).  The variant form is
 <code class="code">\varphi</code>&nbsp;&#x03C6;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cPi'><span><code class="code">\Pi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cPi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cPi"></a><span><code class="code">\Pi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cPi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03A0; uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpi'><span><code class="code">\pi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpi"></a><span><code class="code">\pi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C0; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).  The variant form is
 <code class="code">\varpi</code>&nbsp;&#x03D6;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpm'><span><code class="code">\pm</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpm"></a><span><code class="code">\pm</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x00B1; Plus or minus (binary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cprec'><span><code class="code">\prec</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cprec'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cprec"></a><span><code class="code">\prec</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cprec"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x227A; Precedes (relation). Similar: less than&nbsp;<code class="code">&lt;</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpreceq'><span><code class="code">\preceq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpreceq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpreceq"></a><span><code class="code">\preceq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpreceq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2AAF; Precedes or equals (relation). Similar: less than or
 equals&nbsp;<code class="code">\leq</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cprime'><span><code class="code">\prime</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cprime'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cprime"></a><span><code class="code">\prime</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cprime"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2032; Prime, or minute in a time expression (ordinary).
 Typically used as a superscript: <code class="code">$f^\prime$</code>; <code class="code">$f^\prime$</code>
 and <code class="code">$f'$</code> produce the same result.  An advantage of the second
@@ -14245,176 +15031,176 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
 (apostrophe).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cprod'><span><code class="code">\prod</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cprod'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cprod"></a><span><code class="code">\prod</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cprod"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x220F; Product (operator).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpropto'><span><code class="code">\propto</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpropto'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpropto"></a><span><code class="code">\propto</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpropto"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x221D; Is proportional to (relation)
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cPsi'><span><code class="code">\Psi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cPsi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cPsi"></a><span><code class="code">\Psi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cPsi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03A8; uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpsi'><span><code class="code">\psi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpsi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpsi"></a><span><code class="code">\psi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpsi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C8; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crangle'><span><code class="code">\rangle</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crangle'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crangle"></a><span><code class="code">\rangle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crangle"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x27E9; Right angle, or sequence, bracket (closing).
 Similar: greater than&nbsp;<code class="code">&gt;</code>. Matches:<code class="code">\langle</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crbrace'><span><code class="code">\rbrace</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crbrace'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crbrace"></a><span><code class="code">\rbrace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crbrace"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x007D; Right curly brace
 (closing). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\}</code>. Matches&nbsp;<code class="code">\lbrace</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crbrack'><span><code class="code">\rbrack</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crbrack'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crbrack"></a><span><code class="code">\rbrack</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crbrack"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x005D; Right square bracket
 (closing). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">]</code>. Matches&nbsp;<code class="code">\lbrack</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crceil'><span><code class="code">\rceil</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crceil'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crceil"></a><span><code class="code">\rceil</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crceil"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2309; Right ceiling bracket (closing). Matches&nbsp;<code class="code">\lceil</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cRe'><span><code class="code">\Re</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cRe'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cRe"></a><span><code class="code">\Re</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cRe"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x211C; Real part, real numbers, cursive capital R (ordinary). Related:
 double-line, or blackboard bold, R&nbsp;<code class="code">\mathbb{R}</code>; to access
 this, load the <code class="code">amsfonts</code> package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crestriction'><span><code class="code">\restriction</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crestriction'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crestriction"></a><span><code class="code">\restriction</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crestriction"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21BE;, Restriction of a function (relation). Synonym:
 <code class="code">\upharpoonright</code>.  Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <code class="code">amssymb</code> package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crevemptyset'><span><code class="code">\revemptyset</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crevemptyset'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crevemptyset"></a><span><code class="code">\revemptyset</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crevemptyset"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x29B0;, Reversed empty set symbol (ordinary).  Related:
 <code class="code">\varnothing</code>. Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <samp class="file">stix</samp> package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crfloor'><span><code class="code">\rfloor</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crfloor'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crfloor"></a><span><code class="code">\rfloor</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crfloor"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x230B; Right floor bracket, a right square bracket with the top cut
 off (closing). Matches&nbsp;<code class="code">\lfloor</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crhd'><span><code class="code">\rhd</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crhd'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crhd"></a><span><code class="code">\rhd</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crhd"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x25C1; Arrowhead, that is, triangle, pointing right (binary).
 For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead
 load <code class="code">amssymb</code> and use&nbsp;<code class="code">\vartriangleright</code> (which is a
 relation and so gives better spacing).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crho'><span><code class="code">\rho</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crho'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crho"></a><span><code class="code">\rho</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crho"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C1; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).  The variant form is
 <code class="code">\varrho</code>&nbsp;&#x03F1;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cRightarrow'><span><code class="code">\Rightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cRightarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cRightarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\Rightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cRightarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21D2; Implies, right-pointing double line arrow
 (relation). Similar: right single-line arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\rightarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crightarrow'><span><code class="code">\rightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crightarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crightarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\rightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crightarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2192; Right-pointing single line arrow (relation).
 Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\to</code>. Similar: right double line
 arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\Rightarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crightharpoondown'><span><code class="code">\rightharpoondown</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crightharpoondown'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crightharpoondown"></a><span><code class="code">\rightharpoondown</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crightharpoondown"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21C1; Right-pointing harpoon with barb below
 the line (relation). 
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crightharpoonup'><span><code class="code">\rightharpoonup</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crightharpoonup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crightharpoonup"></a><span><code class="code">\rightharpoonup</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crightharpoonup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21C0; Right-pointing harpoon with barb above the
 line (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crightleftharpoons'><span><code class="code">\rightleftharpoons</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crightleftharpoons'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crightleftharpoons"></a><span><code class="code">\rightleftharpoons</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crightleftharpoons"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21CC; Right harpoon up above left harpoon down
 (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csearrow'><span><code class="code">\searrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csearrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csearrow"></a><span><code class="code">\searrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csearrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2198; Arrow pointing southeast (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csetminus'><span><code class="code">\setminus</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csetminus'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csetminus"></a><span><code class="code">\setminus</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csetminus"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x29F5; Set difference, reverse solidus or reverse slash,
 like \ (binary). Similar: backslash&nbsp;<code class="code">\backslash</code> and also
 <code class="code">\textbackslash</code> outside of math mode.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csharp'><span><code class="code">\sharp</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csharp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csharp"></a><span><code class="code">\sharp</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csharp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x266F; Musical sharp (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cSigma'><span><code class="code">\Sigma</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cSigma'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cSigma"></a><span><code class="code">\Sigma</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cSigma"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03A3; uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csigma'><span><code class="code">\sigma</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csigma'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csigma"></a><span><code class="code">\sigma</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csigma"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C3; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
 <code class="code">\varsigma</code>&nbsp;&#x03C2;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csim'><span><code class="code">\sim</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csim'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csim"></a><span><code class="code">\sim</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csim"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x223C; Similar, in a relation (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csimeq'><span><code class="code">\simeq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csimeq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csimeq"></a><span><code class="code">\simeq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csimeq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2243; Similar or equal to, in a relation (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csmallint'><span><code class="code">\smallint</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csmallint'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csmallint"></a><span><code class="code">\smallint</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csmallint"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x222B; Integral sign that does not change to a larger size in a
 display (operator).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csmile'><span><code class="code">\smile</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csmile'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csmile"></a><span><code class="code">\smile</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csmile"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2323; Upward curving arc, smile (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cspadesuit'><span><code class="code">\spadesuit</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cspadesuit'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cspadesuit"></a><span><code class="code">\spadesuit</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cspadesuit"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2660; Spade card suit (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csqcap'><span><code class="code">\sqcap</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csqcap'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csqcap"></a><span><code class="code">\sqcap</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csqcap"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2293; Square intersection symbol (binary). Similar:
 intersection&nbsp;<code class="code">cap</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csqcup'><span><code class="code">\sqcup</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csqcup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csqcup"></a><span><code class="code">\sqcup</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csqcup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2294; Square union symbol (binary). Similar:
 union&nbsp;<code class="code">cup</code>. Related: variable-sized
 operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\bigsqcup</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csqsubset'><span><code class="code">\sqsubset</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csqsubset'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csqsubset"></a><span><code class="code">\sqsubset</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csqsubset"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x228F;, Square subset symbol (relation). Similar:
 subset&nbsp;<code class="code">\subset</code>. Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <code class="code">amssymb</code> package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csqsubseteq'><span><code class="code">\sqsubseteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csqsubseteq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csqsubseteq"></a><span><code class="code">\sqsubseteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csqsubseteq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2291; Square subset or equal symbol (binary). Similar: subset or
 equal to&nbsp;<code class="code">\subseteq</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csqsupset'><span><code class="code">\sqsupset</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csqsupset'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csqsupset"></a><span><code class="code">\sqsupset</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csqsupset"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2290;, Square superset symbol (relation). Similar:
 superset&nbsp;<code class="code">\supset</code>. Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <code class="code">amssymb</code> package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csqsupseteq'><span><code class="code">\sqsupseteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csqsupseteq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csqsupseteq"></a><span><code class="code">\sqsupseteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csqsupseteq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2292; Square superset or equal symbol (binary).
 Similar: superset or equal&nbsp;<code class="code">\supseteq</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cstar'><span><code class="code">\star</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cstar'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cstar"></a><span><code class="code">\star</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cstar"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x22C6; Five-pointed star, sometimes used as a general binary
 operation but sometimes reserved for cross-correlation (binary).
 Similar: the synonyms asterisk&nbsp;<code class="code">*</code> and <code class="code">\ast</code>, which
@@ -14422,90 +15208,90 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
 as with the Kleene star.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csubset'><span><code class="code">\subset</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csubset'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csubset"></a><span><code class="code">\subset</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csubset"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2282; Subset (occasionally, is implied by) (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csubseteq'><span><code class="code">\subseteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csubseteq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csubseteq"></a><span><code class="code">\subseteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csubseteq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2286; Subset or equal to (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csucc'><span><code class="code">\succ</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csucc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csucc"></a><span><code class="code">\succ</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csucc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x227B; Comes after, succeeds (relation). Similar: is less
 than&nbsp;<code class="code">&gt;</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csucceq'><span><code class="code">\succeq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csucceq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csucceq"></a><span><code class="code">\succeq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csucceq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2AB0; Succeeds or is equal to (relation). Similar: less
 than or equal to&nbsp;<code class="code">\leq</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csum'><span><code class="code">\sum</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csum'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csum"></a><span><code class="code">\sum</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csum"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2211; Summation (operator). Similar: Greek capital
 sigma&nbsp;<code class="code">\Sigma</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csupset'><span><code class="code">\supset</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csupset'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csupset"></a><span><code class="code">\supset</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csupset"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2283; Superset (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csupseteq'><span><code class="code">\supseteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csupseteq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csupseteq"></a><span><code class="code">\supseteq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csupseteq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2287; Superset or equal to (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csurd'><span><code class="code">\surd</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csurd'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csurd"></a><span><code class="code">\surd</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csurd"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x221A; Radical symbol (ordinary).  The LaTeX command
 <code class="code">\sqrt{...}</code> typesets the square root of the argument, with a bar
 that extends to cover the argument.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cswarrow'><span><code class="code">\swarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cswarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cswarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\swarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cswarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2199; Southwest-pointing  arrow (relation).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctau'><span><code class="code">\tau</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctau'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctau"></a><span><code class="code">\tau</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctau"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C4; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctheta'><span><code class="code">\theta</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctheta'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctheta"></a><span><code class="code">\theta</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctheta"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03B8; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary). The variant form is
 <code class="code">\vartheta</code>&nbsp;&#x03D1;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctimes'><span><code class="code">\times</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctimes'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctimes"></a><span><code class="code">\times</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctimes"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x00D7; Primary school multiplication sign (binary). See
 also&nbsp;<code class="code">\cdot</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cto'><span><code class="code">\to</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cto'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cto"></a><span><code class="code">\to</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cto"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2192; Right-pointing single line arrow (relation).
 Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\rightarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctop'><span><code class="code">\top</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctop'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctop"></a><span><code class="code">\top</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctop"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x22A4; Top, greatest element of a partially ordered set
 (ordinary). See also&nbsp;<code class="code">\bot</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctriangle'><span><code class="code">\triangle</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctriangle'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctriangle"></a><span><code class="code">\triangle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctriangle"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x25B3; Triangle (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctriangleleft'><span><code class="code">\triangleleft</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctriangleleft'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctriangleleft"></a><span><code class="code">\triangleleft</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctriangleleft"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x25C1; Not-filled triangle pointing left
 (binary). Similar:&nbsp;<code class="code">\lhd</code>. For the normal subgroup symbol you
 should load <code class="code">amssymb</code> and use&nbsp;<code class="code">\vartriangleleft</code> (which
 is a relation and so gives better spacing).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctriangleright'><span><code class="code">\triangleright</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctriangleright'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctriangleright"></a><span><code class="code">\triangleright</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctriangleright"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x25B7; Not-filled triangle pointing right
 (binary). For the normal subgroup symbol you should instead load
 <code class="code">amssymb</code> and use&nbsp;<code class="code">\vartriangleright</code> (which is a
 relation and so gives better spacing).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cunlhd'><span><code class="code">\unlhd</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cunlhd'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cunlhd"></a><span><code class="code">\unlhd</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cunlhd"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x22B4; Left-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
 triangle, with a line under (binary). For the
 normal subgroup symbol load <code class="code">amssymb</code> and
@@ -14513,7 +15299,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
 better spacing).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cunrhd'><span><code class="code">\unrhd</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cunrhd'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cunrhd"></a><span><code class="code">\unrhd</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cunrhd"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x22B5; Right-pointing not-filled underlined arrowhead, that is,
 triangle, with a line under (binary). For the
 normal subgroup symbol load <code class="code">amssymb</code> and
@@ -14521,137 +15307,137 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
 better spacing).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cUparrow'><span><code class="code">\Uparrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cUparrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cUparrow"></a><span><code class="code">\Uparrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cUparrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21D1; Double-line upward-pointing arrow
 (relation). Similar: single-line up-pointing
 arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\uparrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cuparrow'><span><code class="code">\uparrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cuparrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cuparrow"></a><span><code class="code">\uparrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cuparrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2191; Single-line upward-pointing arrow, diverges
 (relation). Similar: double-line up-pointing
 arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\Uparrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cUpdownarrow'><span><code class="code">\Updownarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cUpdownarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cUpdownarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\Updownarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cUpdownarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21D5; Double-line upward-and-downward-pointing arrow
 (relation). Similar: single-line upward-and-downward-pointing
 arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\updownarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cupdownarrow'><span><code class="code">\updownarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cupdownarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cupdownarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\updownarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cupdownarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2195; Single-line upward-and-downward-pointing arrow
 (relation). Similar: double-line upward-and-downward-pointing
 arrow&nbsp;<code class="code">\Updownarrow</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cupharpoonright'><span><code class="code">\upharpoonright</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cupharpoonright'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cupharpoonright"></a><span><code class="code">\upharpoonright</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cupharpoonright"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x21BE;, Up harpoon, with barb on right side
 (relation). Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\restriction</code>.
 Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <code class="code">amssymb</code> package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cuplus'><span><code class="code">\uplus</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cuplus'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cuplus"></a><span><code class="code">\uplus</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cuplus"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x228E; Multiset union, a union symbol with a plus symbol in
 the middle (binary). Similar: union&nbsp;<code class="code">\cup</code>. Related:
 variable-sized operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\biguplus</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cUpsilon'><span><code class="code">\Upsilon</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cUpsilon'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cUpsilon"></a><span><code class="code">\Upsilon</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cUpsilon"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03A5; uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cupsilon'><span><code class="code">\upsilon</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cupsilon'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cupsilon"></a><span><code class="code">\upsilon</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cupsilon"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C5; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvarepsilon'><span><code class="code">\varepsilon</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvarepsilon'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvarepsilon"></a><span><code class="code">\varepsilon</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvarepsilon"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03B5; Small letter script epsilon (ordinary).  This is
 more widely used in mathematics than the non-variant lunate epsilon form
 <code class="code">\epsilon</code>&nbsp;&#x03F5;. Related: set
 membership&nbsp;<code class="code">\in</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvanothing'><span><code class="code">\vanothing</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvanothing'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvanothing"></a><span><code class="code">\vanothing</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvanothing"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2205;, Empty set symbol. Similar: <code class="code">\emptyset</code>. Related:
 <code class="code">\revemptyset</code>. Not available in plain TeX. In LaTeX you need to load the <code class="code">amssymb</code> package.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvarphi'><span><code class="code">\varphi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvarphi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvarphi"></a><span><code class="code">\varphi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvarphi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C6; Variant on the lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 The non-variant form is <code class="code">\phi</code>&nbsp;&#x03D5;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvarpi'><span><code class="code">\varpi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvarpi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvarpi"></a><span><code class="code">\varpi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvarpi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03D6; Variant on the lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 The non-variant form is <code class="code">\pi</code>&nbsp;&#x03C0;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvarrho'><span><code class="code">\varrho</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvarrho'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvarrho"></a><span><code class="code">\varrho</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvarrho"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03F1; Variant on the lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 The non-variant form is <code class="code">\rho</code>&nbsp;&#x03C1;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvarsigma'><span><code class="code">\varsigma</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvarsigma'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvarsigma"></a><span><code class="code">\varsigma</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvarsigma"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03C2; Variant on the lowercase Greek letter
 (ordinary).  The non-variant form is
 <code class="code">\sigma</code>&nbsp;&#x03C3;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvartheta'><span><code class="code">\vartheta</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvartheta'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvartheta"></a><span><code class="code">\vartheta</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvartheta"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03D1; Variant on the lowercase Greek letter
 (ordinary).  The non-variant form is
 <code class="code">\theta</code>&nbsp;&#x03B8;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvdash'><span><code class="code">\vdash</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvdash'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvdash"></a><span><code class="code">\vdash</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvdash"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x22A2; Provable; turnstile, vertical and a dash
 (relation). Similar: turnstile rotated a
 half-circle&nbsp;<code class="code">\dashv</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvee'><span><code class="code">\vee</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvee'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvee"></a><span><code class="code">\vee</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvee"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2228; Logical or; a downwards v shape (binary). Related:
 logical and&nbsp;<code class="code">\wedge</code>. Similar: variable-sized
 operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\bigvee</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cVert'><span><code class="code">\Vert</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cVert'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cVert"></a><span><code class="code">\Vert</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cVert"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2016; Vertical double bar (ordinary).  See <a class="xref" href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a>,
 for how to use the <code class="code">mathtools</code> package to create flexibly-sized
 norm symbols.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvert'><span><code class="code">\vert</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvert'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvert"></a><span><code class="code">\vert</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvert"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x007C; Single line vertical bar (ordinary).  For &ldquo;such
 that&rdquo;, as in the definition of a set, use&nbsp;<code class="code">\mid</code> because it
 is a relation. See <a class="xref" href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a>, for how to use the <code class="code">mathtools</code>
 package to create flexibly-sized absolute-value symbols.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cwedge'><span><code class="code">\wedge</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cwedge'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cwedge"></a><span><code class="code">\wedge</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cwedge"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2227; Logical and (binary).  Synonym:&nbsp;<code class="code">\land</code>.  See also
 logical or <code class="code">\vee</code>. Similar: variable-sized
 operator&nbsp;<code class="code">\bigwedge</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cwp'><span><code class="code">\wp</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cwp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cwp"></a><span><code class="code">\wp</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cwp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2118; Weierstrass p (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cwr'><span><code class="code">\wr</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cwr'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cwr"></a><span><code class="code">\wr</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cwr"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x2240; Wreath product (binary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cXi'><span><code class="code">\Xi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cXi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cXi"></a><span><code class="code">\Xi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cXi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x039E; uppercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cxi'><span><code class="code">\xi</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cxi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cxi"></a><span><code class="code">\xi</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cxi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03BE; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005czeta'><span><code class="code">\zeta</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005czeta'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005czeta"></a><span><code class="code">\zeta</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005czeta"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>&#x03B6; Lowercase Greek letter (ordinary).
 </p>
 </dd>
@@ -14661,23 +15447,23 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
 provides versions to use in mathematical text.
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cmathdollar'><span><code class="code">\mathdollar</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathdollar'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathdollar"></a><span><code class="code">\mathdollar</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathdollar"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Dollar sign in math mode: $.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathparagraph'><span><code class="code">\mathparagraph</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathparagraph'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathparagraph"></a><span><code class="code">\mathparagraph</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathparagraph"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode, &#x00B6;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathsection'><span><code class="code">\mathsection</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathsection'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathsection"></a><span><code class="code">\mathsection</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathsection"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Section sign in math mode: &#x00A7;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathsterling'><span><code class="code">\mathsterling</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathsterling'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathsterling"></a><span><code class="code">\mathsterling</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathsterling"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Sterling sign in math mode: &pound;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathunderscore'><span><code class="code">\mathunderscore</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathunderscore'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathunderscore"></a><span><code class="code">\mathunderscore</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathunderscore"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Underscore in math mode: _.
 </p>
 </dd>
@@ -14700,7 +15486,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-symbols-1">16.2 Math symbols</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\boldmath</code> &amp; <code class="code">\unboldmath</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Arrows-1">16.2.1 Arrows</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Arrows-1"><span>16.2.1 Arrows<a class="copiable-link" href="#Arrows-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-arrows"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-symbols_002c-arrows"></a>
@@ -14766,7 +15552,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Arrows-1">16.2.1 Arrows</h4>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Blackboard-bold" accesskey="n" rel="next">Blackboard bold</a>, Previous: <a href="#Arrows" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Arrows</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath-1">16.2.2 <code class="code">\boldmath</code> &amp; <code class="code">\unboldmath</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath-1"><span>16.2.2 <code class="code">\boldmath</code> &amp; <code class="code">\unboldmath</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cboldmath"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cunboldmath"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cboldmath"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cunboldmath"></a>
@@ -14820,7 +15606,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath-1">16.2.2 <cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#OpenType-bold-math" accesskey="n" rel="next">OpenType bold math</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\boldmath</code> &amp; <code class="code">\unboldmath</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="bm_003a-Individual-bold-math-symbols">16.2.2.1 <code class="code">bm</code>: Individual bold math symbols</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="bm_003a-Individual-bold-math-symbols"><span>16.2.2.1 <code class="code">bm</code>: Individual bold math symbols<a class="copiable-link" href="#bm_003a-Individual-bold-math-symbols"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-bm"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bm-package"></a>
@@ -14849,7 +15635,7 @@ <h4 class="subsubsection" id="bm_003a-Individual-bold-math-symbols">16.2.2.1 <co
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#bm" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">bm</code>: Individual bold math symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\boldmath</code> &amp; <code class="code">\unboldmath</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="OpenType-bold-math-1">16.2.2.2 OpenType bold math</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="OpenType-bold-math-1"><span>16.2.2.2 OpenType bold math<a class="copiable-link" href="#OpenType-bold-math-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-fontspec-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fontspec-package-1"></a>
@@ -14893,7 +15679,7 @@ <h4 class="subsubsection" id="OpenType-bold-math-1">16.2.2.2 OpenType bold math<
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Calligraphic" accesskey="n" rel="next">Calligraphic</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\boldmath</code> &amp; <code class="code">\unboldmath</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Blackboard-bold-1">16.2.3 Blackboard bold</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Blackboard-bold-1"><span>16.2.3 Blackboard bold<a class="copiable-link" href="#Blackboard-bold-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-blackboard-bold"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-doublestruck"></a>
@@ -14934,7 +15720,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Blackboard-bold-1">16.2.3 Blackboard bold</h4>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Delimiters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Delimiters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Blackboard-bold" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Blackboard bold</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Calligraphic-1">16.2.4 Calligraphic</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Calligraphic-1"><span>16.2.4 Calligraphic<a class="copiable-link" href="#Calligraphic-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-calligraphic-fonts"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-script-fonts"></a>
@@ -14966,7 +15752,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Calligraphic-1">16.2.4 Calligraphic</h4>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Dots" accesskey="n" rel="next">Dots, horizontal or vertical</a>, Previous: <a href="#Calligraphic" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Calligraphic</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Delimiters-1">16.2.5 Delimiters</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Delimiters-1"><span>16.2.5 Delimiters<a class="copiable-link" href="#Delimiters-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-delimiters"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-parentheses"></a>
@@ -15036,7 +15822,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Delimiters-1">16.2.5 Delimiters</h4>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\bigl</code>, <code class="code">\bigr</code>, etc.</a>, Up: <a href="#Delimiters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Delimiters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1">16.2.5.1 <code class="code">\left</code> &amp; <code class="code">\right</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1"><span>16.2.5.1 <code class="code">\left</code> &amp; <code class="code">\right</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cleft"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cright"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cleft"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cright"></a>
@@ -15187,7 +15973,7 @@ <h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1">16.2.5.1 <code cl
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\left</code> &amp; <code class="code">\right</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Delimiters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Delimiters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_005cbigl_002c-_005cbigr_002c-etc_002e">16.2.5.2 <code class="code">\bigl</code>, <code class="code">\bigr</code>, etc.</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_005cbigl_002c-_005cbigr_002c-etc_002e"><span>16.2.5.2 <code class="code">\bigl</code>, <code class="code">\bigr</code>, etc.<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cbigl_002c-_005cbigr_002c-etc_002e"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cbigl"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cbigr"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbigl"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbigr"></a>
@@ -15308,7 +16094,7 @@ <h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_005cbigl_002c-_005cbigr_002c-etc_002e">16.2.5.
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Greek-letters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Greek letters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Delimiters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Delimiters</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical">16.2.6 Dots, horizontal or vertical</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical"><span>16.2.6 Dots, horizontal or vertical<a class="copiable-link" href="#Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ellipses"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dots"></a>
@@ -15328,20 +16114,20 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical">16.2.6 Dots, horizo
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="ellipses-cdots"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccdots'><span><code class="code">\cdots</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccdots'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccdots"></a><span><code class="code">\cdots</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccdots"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line, as
 in &#x22EF;.  Used as: <code class="code">\( a_0\cdot a_1\cdots a_{n-1}
 \)</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="ellipses-ddots"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cddots'><span><code class="code">\ddots</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cddots'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cddots"></a><span><code class="code">\ddots</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cddots"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Diagonal ellipsis, &#x22F1;.  See the above array example for a
 usage.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="ellipses-ldots"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cldots'><span><code class="code">\ldots</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cldots'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathellipsis'><span><code class="code">\mathellipsis</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathellipsis'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cdots'><span><code class="code">\dots</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdots'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cldots"></a><span><code class="code">\ldots</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cldots"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathellipsis"></a><span><code class="code">\mathellipsis</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathellipsis"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdots"></a><span><code class="code">\dots</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdots"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Ellipsis on the baseline, &#x2026;.  Used as: <code class="code">\(
 x_0,\ldots x_{n-1} \)</code>.  Another example is the above array example.
 Synonyms are <code class="code">\mathellipsis</code> and <code class="code">\dots</code>.  A synonym from
@@ -15351,7 +16137,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical">16.2.6 Dots, horizo
 <code class="code">The gears, brakes, \ldots{} are all broken</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="ellipses-vdots"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvdots'><span><code class="code">\vdots</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvdots'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvdots"></a><span><code class="code">\vdots</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvdots"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Vertical ellipsis, &#x22EE;.  See the above array example for a
 usage.
 </p>
@@ -15418,7 +16204,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical">16.2.6 Dots, horizo
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#Dots" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Dots, horizontal or vertical</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math symbols</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Greek-letters-1">16.2.7 Greek letters</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Greek-letters-1"><span>16.2.7 Greek letters<a class="copiable-link" href="#Greek-letters-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Greek-letters"></a>
 
@@ -15474,7 +16260,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Greek-letters-1">16.2.7 Greek letters</h4>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math accents</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Math-functions-1">16.3 Math functions</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Math-functions-1"><span>16.3 Math functions<a class="copiable-link" href="#Math-functions-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-functions"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-functions_002c-math"></a>
@@ -15483,140 +16269,140 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-functions-1">16.3 Math functions</h3>
 spacing.
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005carccos'><span><code class="code">\arccos</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005carccos'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005carccos"></a><span><code class="code">\arccos</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005carccos"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Inverse cosine
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005carcsin'><span><code class="code">\arcsin</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005carcsin'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005carcsin"></a><span><code class="code">\arcsin</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005carcsin"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Inverse sine
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005carctan'><span><code class="code">\arctan</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005carctan'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005carctan"></a><span><code class="code">\arctan</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005carctan"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Inverse tangent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005carg'><span><code class="code">\arg</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005carg'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005carg"></a><span><code class="code">\arg</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005carg"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Angle between the real axis and a point in the complex plane
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbmod'><span><code class="code">\bmod</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbmod'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbmod"></a><span><code class="code">\bmod</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbmod"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Binary modulo operator, used as in <code class="code">\( 5\bmod 3=2 \)</code>
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccos'><span><code class="code">\cos</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccos'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccos"></a><span><code class="code">\cos</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccos"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Cosine
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccosh'><span><code class="code">\cosh</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccosh'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccosh"></a><span><code class="code">\cosh</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccosh"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Hyperbolic cosine
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccot'><span><code class="code">\cot</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccot'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccot"></a><span><code class="code">\cot</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccot"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Cotangent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccoth'><span><code class="code">\coth</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccoth'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccoth"></a><span><code class="code">\coth</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccoth"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Hyperbolic cotangent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccsc'><span><code class="code">\csc</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccsc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccsc"></a><span><code class="code">\csc</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccsc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Cosecant
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdeg'><span><code class="code">\deg</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdeg'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdeg"></a><span><code class="code">\deg</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdeg"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Degrees
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdet'><span><code class="code">\det</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdet'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdet"></a><span><code class="code">\det</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdet"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Determinant
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdim'><span><code class="code">\dim</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdim'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdim"></a><span><code class="code">\dim</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdim"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Dimension
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cexp'><span><code class="code">\exp</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cexp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cexp"></a><span><code class="code">\exp</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cexp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Exponential
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cgcd'><span><code class="code">\gcd</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cgcd'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cgcd"></a><span><code class="code">\gcd</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cgcd"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Greatest common divisor
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005chom'><span><code class="code">\hom</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005chom'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005chom"></a><span><code class="code">\hom</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005chom"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Homomorphism
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cinf'><span><code class="code">\inf</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cinf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cinf"></a><span><code class="code">\inf</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cinf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Infimum
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cker'><span><code class="code">\ker</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cker'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cker"></a><span><code class="code">\ker</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cker"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Kernel
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clg'><span><code class="code">\lg</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clg'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clg"></a><span><code class="code">\lg</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clg"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Base 2 logarithm
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clim'><span><code class="code">\lim</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clim'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clim"></a><span><code class="code">\lim</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clim"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Limit
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005climinf'><span><code class="code">\liminf</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005climinf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005climinf"></a><span><code class="code">\liminf</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005climinf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Limit inferior
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005climsup'><span><code class="code">\limsup</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005climsup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005climsup"></a><span><code class="code">\limsup</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005climsup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Limit superior
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cln'><span><code class="code">\ln</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cln'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cln"></a><span><code class="code">\ln</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cln"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Natural logarithm
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clog'><span><code class="code">\log</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clog'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clog"></a><span><code class="code">\log</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clog"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Logarithm
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmax'><span><code class="code">\max</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmax'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmax"></a><span><code class="code">\max</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmax"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Maximum
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmin'><span><code class="code">\min</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmin'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmin"></a><span><code class="code">\min</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmin"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Minimum
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpmod'><span><code class="code">\pmod</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpmod'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpmod"></a><span><code class="code">\pmod</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpmod"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Parenthesized modulus, as used in <code class="code">\( 5\equiv 2\pmod 3 \)</code>
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cPr'><span><code class="code">\Pr</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cPr'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cPr"></a><span><code class="code">\Pr</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cPr"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Probability
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csec'><span><code class="code">\sec</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csec'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csec"></a><span><code class="code">\sec</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csec"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Secant
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csin'><span><code class="code">\sin</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csin'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csin"></a><span><code class="code">\sin</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csin"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Sine
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csinh'><span><code class="code">\sinh</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csinh'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csinh"></a><span><code class="code">\sinh</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csinh"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Hyperbolic sine
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csup'><span><code class="code">\sup</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csup'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csup"></a><span><code class="code">\sup</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csup"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Supremum
 sup
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctan'><span><code class="code">\tan</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctan'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctan"></a><span><code class="code">\tan</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctan"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Tangent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctanh'><span><code class="code">\tanh</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctanh'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctanh"></a><span><code class="code">\tanh</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctanh"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Hyperbolic tangent
 </p>
 </dd>
@@ -15640,9 +16426,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-functions-1">16.3 Math functions</h3>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="Math-accents">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining" accesskey="n" rel="next">Over- and Underlining</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math functions</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math" accesskey="n" rel="next">Over- or under math</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math functions</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Math-accents-1">16.4 Math accents</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Math-accents-1"><span>16.4 Math accents<a class="copiable-link" href="#Math-accents-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-accents"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accents_002c-mathematical"></a>
@@ -15652,70 +16438,70 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-accents-1">16.4 Math accents</h3>
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#Accents">Accents</a>).
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cacute'><span><code class="code">\acute</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cacute'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cacute"></a><span><code class="code">\acute</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cacute"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-acute-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math acute accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbar'><span><code class="code">\bar</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbar'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbar"></a><span><code class="code">\bar</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbar"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bar_002dover-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-macron-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math bar-over accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbreve'><span><code class="code">\breve</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbreve'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbreve"></a><span><code class="code">\breve</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbreve"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-breve-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math breve accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ccheck'><span><code class="code">\check</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccheck'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccheck"></a><span><code class="code">\check</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccheck"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-check-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hacek-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math h&aacute;&#269;ek (check) accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cddot'><span><code class="code">\ddot</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cddot'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cddot"></a><span><code class="code">\ddot</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cddot"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-dot-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math dieresis accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdot'><span><code class="code">\dot</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdot'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdot"></a><span><code class="code">\dot</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdot"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-overdot-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dot-over-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math dot accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cgrave'><span><code class="code">\grave</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cgrave'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cgrave"></a><span><code class="code">\grave</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cgrave"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-grave-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math grave accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005chat'><span><code class="code">\hat</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005chat'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005chat"></a><span><code class="code">\hat</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005chat"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hat-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-circumflex-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math hat (circumflex) accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmathring'><span><code class="code">\mathring</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmathring'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmathring"></a><span><code class="code">\mathring</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmathring"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ring-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math ring accent  </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctilde'><span><code class="code">\tilde</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctilde'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctilde"></a><span><code class="code">\tilde</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctilde"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tilde-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math tilde accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cvec'><span><code class="code">\vec</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cvec'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cvec"></a><span><code class="code">\vec</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cvec"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-vector-symbol_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math vector symbol
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cwidehat'><span><code class="code">\widehat</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cwidehat'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cwidehat"></a><span><code class="code">\widehat</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cwidehat"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-wide-hat-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math wide hat accent
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cwidetilde'><span><code class="code">\widetilde</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cwidetilde'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cwidetilde"></a><span><code class="code">\widetilde</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cwidetilde"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-wide-tilde-accent_002c-math"></a>
 <p>Math wide tilde accent
 </p>
@@ -15728,46 +16514,48 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-accents-1">16.4 Math accents</h3>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Over_002d-and-Underlining">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Over_002d-or-under-math">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="n" rel="next">Spacing in math mode</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math accents</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Over_002d-and-Underlining-1">16.5 Over- and Underlining</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Over_002d-or-under-math-1"><span>16.5 Over- or under math<a class="copiable-link" href="#Over_002d-or-under-math-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-overlining"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="Over_002d-and-Underlining"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-overlining"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-underlining"></a>
 
-<p>LaTeX provides commands for making overlines or underlines, or
-putting braces over or under some material.
+<p>LaTeX provides commands for putting lines, braces, and arrows over
+or under math material.
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cunderline_007btext_007d'><span><code class="code">\underline{<var class="var">text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cunderline_007btext_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Underline <var class="var">text</var>.  Works inside math mode, and outside.
+<dt><a id="index-_005cunderline_007bmath_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\underline{<var class="var">math</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cunderline_007bmath_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Underline <var class="var">math</var>. For example: <code class="code">\underline{x+y}</code>.
 The line is always completely below the text, taking account of
 descenders, so in <code class="code">\(\underline{y}\)</code> the line is lower than in
-<code class="code">\(\underline{x}\)</code>.  This command is fragile (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
+<code class="code">\(\underline{x}\)</code>.  As of approximately 2019, this command
+and others in this section are robust; before that, they were fragile
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cprotect"><code class="code">\protect</code></a>).
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-ulem"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ulem-package"></a>
 
-<p>Note that the package <code class="code">ulem</code> does text mode underlining and allows
-line breaking as well as a number of other features.  See the
-documentation on CTAN.  See also&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill"><code class="code">\hrulefill</code> &amp; <code class="code">\dotfill</code></a> for
-producing a line, for such things as a signature.
+<p>The package <code class="code">ulem</code> (<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/uelem">https://ctan.org/pkg/uelem</a>) does
+text mode underlining and allows line breaking as well as a number of
+other features.  See also&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill"><code class="code">\hrulefill</code> &amp; <code class="code">\dotfill</code></a> for
+producing a line for such things as a signature or placeholder.
 </p>        
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005coverline_007btext_007d'><span><code class="code">\overline{<var class="var">text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005coverline_007btext_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Put a horizontal line over <var class="var">text</var>.  Works inside math mode, and
-outside.  For example, <code class="code">\overline{x+y}</code>.
-Note that this differs from the command <code class="code">\bar</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a>).
+<dt><a id="index-_005coverline_007bmath_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\overline{<var class="var">math</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005coverline_007bmath_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Put a horizontal line over <var class="var">math</var>. For example: <code class="code">\overline{x+y}</code>.
+This differs from the accent command <code class="code">\bar</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d'><span><code class="code">\underbrace{<var class="var">math</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Put a brace under <var class="var">math</var>. For example, this
-<code class="code">(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)</code> emphasizes the telescoping part.
-Attach text to the brace by using the subscript command, <code class="code">_</code>, or
-superscript, <code class="code">^</code>, as here.
+<dt><a id="index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\underbrace{<var class="var">math</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Put a brace under <var class="var">math</var>. For example:
+<code class="code">(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)</code>.
+</p>
+<p>You can attach text to the brace as a subscript (<code class="code">_</code>) or
+superscript (<code class="code">^</code>) as here:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{displaymath}
@@ -15780,10 +16568,19 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Over_002d-and-Underlining-1">16.5 Over- and Underlining<
 unconnected to the underbrace.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d'><span><code class="code">\overbrace{<var class="var">math</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Put a brace over <var class="var">math</var>, as with
-<code class="code">\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}</code>.  See also
-<code class="code">\underbrace</code>.
+<dt><a id="index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\overbrace{<var class="var">math</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Put a brace over <var class="var">math</var>. For example:<br>
+<code class="code">\overbrace{x+x+\cdots+x}^{\mbox{\(k\) times}}</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005coverrightarrow_007bmath_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\overrightarrow{<var class="var">math</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005coverrightarrow_007bmath_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Put a right arrow over <var class="var">math</var>. For example:
+<code class="code">\overrightarrow{x+y}</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a id="index-_005coverleftarrow_007bmath_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\overleftarrow{<var class="var">math</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005coverleftarrow_007bmath_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Put a left arrow over <var class="var">math</var>. For example:
+<code class="code">\overleftarrow{a+b}</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
@@ -15791,8 +16588,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Over_002d-and-Underlining-1">16.5 Over- and Underlining<
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-mathtools-3"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mathtools-package-3"></a>
 
-<p>The package <code class="code">mathtools</code> adds an over- and underbrace, as well as
-some improvements on the braces.  See the documentation on CTAN.
+<p>The package <code class="code">mathtools</code> (<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/mathtools">https://ctan.org/pkg/mathtools</a>)
+adds an over- and underbracket, as well as some improvements on the
+braces.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
@@ -15800,9 +16598,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Over_002d-and-Underlining-1">16.5 Over- and Underlining<
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="Spacing-in-math-mode">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Math-styles" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math styles</a>, Previous: <a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Over- and Underlining</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Math-styles" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math styles</a>, Previous: <a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Over- or under math</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Spacing-in-math-mode-1">16.6 Spacing in math mode</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Spacing-in-math-mode-1"><span>16.6 Spacing in math mode<a class="copiable-link" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-spacing-within-math-mode"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-mode_002c-spacing"></a>
@@ -15828,9 +16626,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Spacing-in-math-mode-1">16.6 Spacing in math mode</h3>
 a&nbsp;&lsquo;<samp class="samp">M</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_005c_003b'><span><code class="code">\;</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_003b'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cthickspace"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-thickspace"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-amsmath-10"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cthickspace"></a>
+<a id="index-_005c_003b"></a><span><code class="code">\;</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_003b"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-thickspace"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-amsmath-10"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-amsmath-package-10"></a>
 
 <p>Synonym: <code class="code">\thickspace</code>.  Normally <code class="code">5.0mu plus 5.0mu</code>.  With
@@ -15839,32 +16637,32 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Spacing-in-math-mode-1">16.6 Spacing in math mode</h3>
 only.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cnegthickspace'><span><code class="code">\negthickspace</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cnegthickspace'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cnegthickspace"></a><span><code class="code">\negthickspace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cnegthickspace"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Normally <code class="code">-5.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.  With the <code class="code">amsmath</code>
 package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text
 mode as well as math mode; otherwise, in math mode only.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_003a'><span><code class="code">\:</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_003a'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\&gt;</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_003e-1"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_003e-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmedspace"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-medspace"></a><p>Synonym: <code class="code">\medspace</code>.  Normally <code class="code">4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus
+<a id="index-_005c_003a"></a><span><code class="code">\:</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_003a"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\&gt;</code></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-medspace"></a><p>Synonym: <code class="code">\medspace</code>.  Normally <code class="code">4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus
 4.0mu</code>.  With the <code class="code">amsmath</code> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
 LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode; before
 that, in math mode only.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cnegmedspace'><span><code class="code">\negmedspace</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cnegmedspace'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cnegmedspace"></a><span><code class="code">\negmedspace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cnegmedspace"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Normally <code class="code">-4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu</code>.  With the <code class="code">amsmath</code>
 package, or as of the 2020-10-01 LaTeX release, can be used in text
 mode as well as math mode; before that, in math mode only.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_002c'><span><code class="code">\,</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_002c'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cthinspace"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cthinspace"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-thin-space"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cthinspace"></a><a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-thinspace"></a><p>Synonym: <code class="code">\thinspace</code>.  Normally <code class="code">3mu</code>, which is 1/6<span class="dmn">em</span>.
+<a id="index-_005c_002c"></a><span><code class="code">\,</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_002c"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="Spacing-in-math-mode_002f_005cthinspace"></a><a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-thinspace"></a><p>Synonym: <code class="code">\thinspace</code>.  Normally <code class="code">3mu</code>, which is 1/6<span class="dmn">em</span>.
 Can be used in both math mode and text mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace"><code class="code">\thinspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\negthinspace</code></a>).
 </p>
 <p>This space is widely used, for instance between the function and the
@@ -15879,10 +16677,10 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Spacing-in-math-mode-1">16.6 Spacing in math mode</h3>
 </pre></div>
 
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_0021'><span><code class="code">\!</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_0021'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnegthinspace"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnegthinspace"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-thin-space_002c-negative"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-negthinspace"></a><p>Synonym: <code class="code">\negthinspace</code>. A negative thin space. Normally
+<a id="index-_005c_0021"></a><span><code class="code">\!</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_0021"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-negthinspace"></a><p>Synonym: <code class="code">\negthinspace</code>. A negative thin space. Normally
 <code class="code">-3mu</code>.  With the <code class="code">amsmath</code> package, or as of the 2020-10-01
 LaTeX release, can be used in text mode as well as math mode;
 otherwise, the <code class="code">\!</code> command is math mode only but the
@@ -15890,15 +16688,15 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Spacing-in-math-mode-1">16.6 Spacing in math mode</h3>
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace"><code class="code">\thinspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\negthinspace</code></a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-quad'><span><code class="code">\quad</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-quad'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cquad"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-quad"></a><p>This is 18<span class="dmn">mu</span>, that is, 1<span class="dmn">em</span>. This is often used for space
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cquad"></a>
+<a id="index-quad"></a><span><code class="code">\quad</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-quad"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-quad"></a><p>This is 18<span class="dmn">mu</span>, that is, 1<span class="dmn">em</span>. This is often used for space
 surrounding equations or expressions, for instance for the space between
 two equations inside a <code class="code">displaymath</code> environment.  It is available
 in both text and math mode.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cqquad'><span><code class="code">\qquad</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cqquad'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cqquad"></a><span><code class="code">\qquad</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cqquad"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="spacing-in-math-mode-qquad"></a><p>A length of 2 quads, that is, 36<span class="dmn">mu</span> = 2<span class="dmn">em</span>.  It is available in
 both text and math mode.
 </p></dd>
@@ -15917,7 +16715,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Spacing-in-math-mode-1">16.6 Spacing in math mode</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\phantom</code> &amp; <code class="code">\vphantom</code> &amp; <code class="code">\hphantom</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spacing in math mode</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005csmash-1">16.6.1 <code class="code">\smash</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005csmash-1"><span>16.6.1 <code class="code">\smash</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csmash-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-vertical-spacing_002c-math-mode"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-mode_002c-vertical-space"></a>
@@ -15979,11 +16777,11 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005csmash-1">16.6.1 <code class="code">\smash</co
 <code class="code">\leavevmode</code>, as in the bottom line below.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">xxx xxx xxx
+<pre class="example-preformatted">Text above.
 
-\smash{yyy}  % no paragraph indent
+\smash{smashed, no indent}  % no paragraph indent
 
-\leavevmode\smash{zzz}  % usual paragraph indent
+\leavevmode\smash{smashed, with indent}  % usual paragraph indent
 </pre></div>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-mathtools-4"></a>
@@ -16000,7 +16798,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005csmash-1">16.6.1 <code class="code">\smash</co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\mathstrut</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csmash" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\smash</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spacing in math mode</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom-1">16.6.2 <code class="code">\phantom</code> &amp; <code class="code">\vphantom</code> &amp; <code class="code">\hphantom</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom-1"><span>16.6.2 <code class="code">\phantom</code> &amp; <code class="code">\vphantom</code> &amp; <code class="code">\hphantom</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cphantom"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cvphantom"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005chphantom"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cphantom"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cvphantom"></a>
@@ -16097,7 +16895,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphant
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\phantom</code> &amp; <code class="code">\vphantom</code> &amp; <code class="code">\hphantom</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spacing in math mode</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmathstrut-1">16.6.3 <code class="code">\mathstrut</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmathstrut-1"><span>16.6.3 <code class="code">\mathstrut</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cmathstrut-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmathstrut"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-spacing_002c-math-mode-1"></a>
@@ -16137,7 +16935,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmathstrut-1">16.6.3 <code class="code">\maths
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math miscellany</a>, Previous: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Spacing in math mode</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Math-styles-1">16.7 Math styles</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Math-styles-1"><span>16.7 Math styles<a class="copiable-link" href="#Math-styles-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-styles"></a>
 
@@ -16230,7 +17028,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-styles-1">16.7 Math styles</h3>
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#Math-styles" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math styles</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Math-miscellany-1">16.8 Math miscellany</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Math-miscellany-1"><span>16.8 Math miscellany<a class="copiable-link" href="#Math-miscellany-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-math-miscellany"></a>
 
@@ -16252,7 +17050,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Math-miscellany-1">16.8 Math miscellany</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002a" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\*</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon">16.8.1 Colon character <code class="code">:</code> &amp; <code class="code">\colon</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon"><span>16.8.1 Colon character <code class="code">:</code> &amp; <code class="code">\colon</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="colon"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-colon-character"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_003a-_0028for-math_0029"></a>
@@ -16293,7 +17091,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon">16.8.1 Colon
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\frac</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Colon character <code class="code">:</code> &amp; <code class="code">\colon</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_002a-1">16.8.2 <code class="code">\*</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_002a-1"><span>16.8.2 <code class="code">\*</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005c_002a-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-multiplication_002c-discretionary"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary"></a>
@@ -16325,7 +17123,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_002a-1">16.8.2 <code class="code">\*</code><
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\sqrt</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002a" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\*</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cfrac-1">16.8.3 <code class="code">\frac</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cfrac-1"><span>16.8.3 <code class="code">\frac</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cfrac-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fraction"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfrac"></a>
@@ -16349,7 +17147,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cfrac-1">16.8.3 <code class="code">\frac</code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstackrel" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\stackrel</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrac" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\frac</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005csqrt-1">16.8.4 <code class="code">\sqrt</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005csqrt-1"><span>16.8.4 <code class="code">\sqrt</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csqrt-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-square-root"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-roots"></a>
@@ -16381,7 +17179,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005csqrt-1">16.8.4 <code class="code">\sqrt</code
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csqrt" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\sqrt</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math miscellany</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cstackrel-1">16.8.5 <code class="code">\stackrel</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cstackrel-1"><span>16.8.5 <code class="code">\stackrel</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cstackrel-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-stack-math"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-relation_002c-text-above"></a>
@@ -16406,7 +17204,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cstackrel-1">16.8.5 <code class="code">\stackr
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page styles</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math formulas</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Modes-1">17 Modes</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Modes-1"><span>17 Modes<a class="copiable-link" href="#Modes-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-modes"></a>
 
@@ -16485,7 +17283,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Modes-1">17 Modes</h2>
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Modes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005censuremath-1">17.1 <code class="code">\ensuremath</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005censuremath-1"><span>17.1 <code class="code">\ensuremath</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005censuremath-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
@@ -16522,7 +17320,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005censuremath-1">17.1 <code class="code">\ensuremat
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="n" rel="next">Spaces</a>, Previous: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Modes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Page-styles-1">18 Page styles</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Page-styles-1"><span>18 Page styles<a class="copiable-link" href="#Page-styles-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-styles_002c-page"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-styles"></a>
@@ -16546,6 +17344,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Page-styles-1">18 Page styles</h2>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\pagenumbering</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\pagestyle</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\thispagestyle</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cthepage" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\thepage</code></a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cmaketitle">
@@ -16553,7 +17352,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Page-styles-1">18 Page styles</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\pagenumbering</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmaketitle-1">18.1 <code class="code">\maketitle</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmaketitle-1"><span>18.1 <code class="code">\maketitle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cmaketitle-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-titles_002c-making"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmaketitle"></a>
@@ -16599,7 +17398,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmaketitle-1">18.1 <code class="code">\maketitle<
 <code class="code">\maketitle</code>, either in the preamble or in the document body.
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cauthor_007bname1-_005cand-name2-_005cand-_002e_002e_002e_007d'><span><code class="code">\author{<var class="var">name1</var> \and <var class="var">name2</var> \and ...}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cauthor_007bname1-_005cand-name2-_005cand-_002e_002e_002e_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cauthor_007bname1-_005cand-name2-_005cand-_002e_002e_002e_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\author{<var class="var">name1</var> \and <var class="var">name2</var> \and ...}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cauthor_007bname1-_005cand-name2-_005cand-_002e_002e_002e_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-author_002c-for-titlepage"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_005c-_0028for-_005cauthor_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cand-_0028for-_005cauthor_0029"></a>
@@ -16611,7 +17410,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmaketitle-1">18.1 <code class="code">\maketitle<
 \author given</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdate_007btext_007d'><span><code class="code">\date{<var class="var">text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdate_007btext_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdate_007btext_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\date{<var class="var">text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdate_007btext_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-date_002c-for-titlepage"></a>
 <p>Optional.  Declare <var class="var">text</var> to be the document&rsquo;s date.  The <var class="var">text</var>
 doesn&rsquo;t need to be in a date format; it can be any text at all.  If you
@@ -16619,17 +17418,17 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmaketitle-1">18.1 <code class="code">\maketitle<
 To have no date, instead use <code class="code">\date{}</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cthanks_007btext_007d'><span><code class="code">\thanks{<var class="var">text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cthanks_007btext_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cthanks_007btext_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\thanks{<var class="var">text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cthanks_007btext_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-thanks_002c-for-titlepage"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-credit-footnote"></a>
-<p>Optional.  Produce a footnote.  You can use it in the author information
-for acknowledgements as illustrated above, but you can also use it in
-the title, or any place a footnote mark makes sense.  It can be any text
-at all so you can use it for any purpose, such as to print an email
-address.
+<p>Optional.  Produce a footnote.  You can use it in the author
+information for acknowledgements as illustrated above, but you can
+also use it in the title, or anywhere that a footnote mark makes
+sense.  It can be any text at all so you can use it for any purpose,
+such as to print an email address.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctitle_007btext_007d'><span><code class="code">\title{<var class="var">text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctitle_007btext_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctitle_007btext_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\title{<var class="var">text</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctitle_007btext_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-title_002c-for-titlepage"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_005c-_0028for-_005ctitle_0029"></a>
 <p>Required.  Declare <var class="var">text</var> to be the title of the document.  Get line
@@ -16640,11 +17439,11 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmaketitle-1">18.1 <code class="code">\maketitle<
 </dd>
 </dl>
 
-<p>To make your own title page, see&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#titlepage"><code class="code">titlepage</code></a>. You can either
+<p>To make your own title page, see <a class="pxref" href="#titlepage"><code class="code">titlepage</code></a>. You can either
 create this as a one-off or you can include it as part of a renewed
-<code class="code">\maketitle</code> command.  (Many publishers will provide a class to use
+<code class="code">\maketitle</code> command.  Many publishers will provide a class to use
 in place of <code class="code">article</code> that formats the title according to their
-house requirements.)
+house requirements.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
@@ -16654,7 +17453,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmaketitle-1">18.1 <code class="code">\maketitle<
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\pagestyle</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\maketitle</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagenumbering-1">18.2 <code class="code">\pagenumbering</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagenumbering-1"><span>18.2 <code class="code">\pagenumbering</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpagenumbering"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-numbering-style"></a>
@@ -16671,20 +17470,11 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagenumbering-1">18.2 <code class="code">\pagenu
 so its effect is not stopped by an end of group such as a closing brace
 or an end of environment.
 </p>
-<p>In this example, before the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Main</samp>&rsquo; section the pages are numbered
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">a</samp>&rsquo;, etc.  Starting on the page containing the
-<code class="code">\pagenumbering</code> call in that section, the pages are numbered
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">1</samp>&rsquo;, etc.
+<p>By default, LaTeX numbers pages starting at 1, using Arabic
+numerals.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{document}\pagenumbering{alph}
-  ...
-\section{Main}\pagenumbering{arabic}
-  ...
-</pre></div>
-
 <p>The argument <var class="var">number-style</var> is one of the following (see
-also&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol"><code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a>).
+also <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol"><code class="code">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a>).
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
 <dt><code class="code">arabic</code></dt>
@@ -16709,26 +17499,46 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagenumbering-1">18.2 <code class="code">\pagenu
 get &lsquo;<samp class="samp">LaTeX Error: Counter too large</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-package_002c-hyperref-2'><span><code class="code">gobble</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-package_002c-hyperref-2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hyperref-package-2"></a>
-<p>LaTeX does not output a page number, although it
-does get reset.  References to that page also are blank.  (This does not
-work with the popular package <code class="code">hyperref</code> so to have the page number
-not appear you may want to instead use <code class="code">\pagestyle{empty}</code> or
-<code class="code">\thispagestyle{empty}</code>.)
+<dt><code class="code">gobble</code></dt>
+<dd><p>no page number is output, though the number is still reset.
+References to that page also are blank.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-hyperref-2"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hyperref-package-2"></a>
+
+<p>This setting does not work with the popular package <code class="code">hyperref</code>,
+so to omit page numbers you may want to instead use
+<code class="code">\pagestyle{empty}</code> or <code class="code">\thispagestyle{empty}</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 
+<p>If you want to typeset the page number in some other way, or change
+where the page number appears on the page, see&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cpagestyle"><code class="code">\pagestyle</code></a>
+(in short: use the <code class="code">fancyhdr</code> package).  The list above of
+LaTeX&rsquo;s built-in numbering styles cannot be extended.
+</p>
 <p>Traditionally, if a document has front matter&mdash;preface, table of
-contents, etc.&mdash;then it is numbered with lowercase Roman numerals. The
-main matter of a document uses arabic.  See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter"><code class="code">\frontmatter</code>, <code class="code">\mainmatter</code>, <code class="code">\backmatter</code></a>.
+contents, etc.&mdash;then it is numbered with lowercase Roman
+numerals. The main matter of a document uses arabic.  LaTeX
+implements this, by providing explicit commands for the different parts
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter"><code class="code">\frontmatter</code>, <code class="code">\mainmatter</code>, <code class="code">\backmatter</code></a>).
 </p>
-<p>If you want to change where the page number appears on the page,
-see&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cpagestyle"><code class="code">\pagestyle</code></a>.  If you want to change the value of the page
-number, then you manipulate the <code class="code">page</code> counter (see <a class="pxref" href="#Counters">Counters</a>).
+<p>As an explicit example, before the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Main</samp>&rsquo; section the pages are
+numbered &lsquo;<samp class="samp">a</samp>&rsquo;, etc.  Starting on the page containing the
+<code class="code">\pagenumbering</code> call in that section, the pages are numbered
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">1</samp>&rsquo;, etc.
 </p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{document}\pagenumbering{alph}
+  ...
+\section{Main}\pagenumbering{arabic}
+  ...
+</pre></div>
 
+<p>If you want to change the value of the page number, then you
+manipulate the <code class="code">page</code> counter (see <a class="pxref" href="#Counters">Counters</a>).
+</p>
 <hr>
 </div>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cpagestyle">
@@ -16736,7 +17546,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagenumbering-1">18.2 <code class="code">\pagenu
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\thispagestyle</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\pagenumbering</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagestyle-1">18.3 <code class="code">\pagestyle</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagestyle-1"><span>18.3 <code class="code">\pagestyle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cpagestyle-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cpagestyle"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-header-style"></a>
@@ -16755,11 +17565,11 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagestyle-1">18.3 <code class="code">\pagestyle<
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-fancyhdr-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fancyhdr-package-1"></a>
 
-<p>A discussion with an example is below.  Note first that the package
+<p>A discussion with an example is below.  First, however: the package
 <code class="code">fancyhdr</code> is now the standard way to manipulate headers and
 footers.  New documents that need to do anything other than one of the
 standard options below should use this package.  See its documentation
-on CTAN.
+(<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/fancyhdr">https://ctan.org/pkg/fancyhdr</a>).
 </p>
 <p>Values for <var class="var">style</var>:
 </p>
@@ -16829,7 +17639,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagestyle-1">18.3 <code class="code">\pagestyle<
 <p>Here are the descriptions of <code class="code">\markboth</code> and <code class="code">\markright</code>:
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005cmarkboth_007bleft_002dhead_007d_007bright_002dhead_007d'><span><code class="code">\markboth{<var class="var">left-head</var>}{<var class="var">right-head</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmarkboth_007bleft_002dhead_007d_007bright_002dhead_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmarkboth_007bleft_002dhead_007d_007bright_002dhead_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\markboth{<var class="var">left-head</var>}{<var class="var">right-head</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmarkboth_007bleft_002dhead_007d_007bright_002dhead_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets both the right hand and left hand heading information for either a
 page style of <code class="code">headings</code> or <code class="code">myheadings</code>.  A left hand page
 heading <var class="var">left-head</var> is generated by the last <code class="code">\markboth</code>
@@ -16839,7 +17649,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagestyle-1">18.3 <code class="code">\pagestyle<
 the last one that came before that page.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmarkright_007bright_002dhead_007d'><span><code class="code">\markright{<var class="var">right-head</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmarkright_007bright_002dhead_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmarkright_007bright_002dhead_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\markright{<var class="var">right-head</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmarkright_007bright_002dhead_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets the right hand page heading, leaving the left unchanged.
 </p>
 </dd>
@@ -16851,9 +17661,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cpagestyle-1">18.3 <code class="code">\pagestyle<
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cthispagestyle">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\pagestyle</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthepage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\thepage</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\pagestyle</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cthispagestyle-1">18.4 <code class="code">\thispagestyle</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cthispagestyle-1"><span>18.4 <code class="code">\thispagestyle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cthispagestyle"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-style_002c-this-page"></a>
@@ -16889,6 +17699,41 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cthispagestyle-1">18.4 <code class="code">\thispa
 <code class="code">\chapter</code>.
 </p>
 
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cthepage">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\thispagestyle</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cthepage-1"><span>18.5 <code class="code">\thepage</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cthepage-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cthepage"></a>
+
+<p>If you want to change the appearance of page numbers only in the page
+headers, for example by adding an ornament, typesetting in small caps,
+etc., then the <code class="code">fancyhdr</code> package, as mentioned in a previous
+section, is the best approach.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-number-representation"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-of-contents_002c-page-numbers-in"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-page-numbers-in"></a>
+<p>On the other hand, you may want to change how page numbers are denoted
+everywhere, including the table of contents and cross-references, as
+well as the page headers.  In this case, you should redefine
+<code class="code">\thepage</code>, which is the command LaTeX uses for the
+representation of page numbers.
+</p>
+<p>However, <code class="code">\thepage</code> should do any typesetting or other
+complicated maneuvers, but merely expand to the intended page number
+representation.  The results of a complicated redefinition of
+<code class="code">\thepage</code> are not predictable, but LaTeX&rsquo;s report of page
+numbers in diagnostic messages, at least, will become unusable.
+</p>
+<p>There is some discussion of this issue at
+<a class="url" href="https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/687258">https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/687258</a>.
+</p>
+
 <hr>
 </div>
 </div>
@@ -16897,7 +17742,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cthispagestyle-1">18.4 <code class="code">\thispa
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Boxes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Page styles</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Spaces-1">19 Spaces</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Spaces-1"><span>19 Spaces<a class="copiable-link" href="#Spaces-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-spaces"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-white-space"></a>
@@ -16915,7 +17760,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Spaces-1">19 Spaces</h2>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005chss" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\hss</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="5"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029" accesskey="6">Backslash-space, <code class="code">\ </code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="7"><code class="code">~</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="7"><code class="code">~</code>, <code class="code">\nobreakspace</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace" accesskey="8"><code class="code">\thinspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\negthinspace</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="9"><code class="code">\/</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill"><code class="code">\hrulefill</code> &amp; <code class="code">\dotfill</code></a></li>
@@ -16932,7 +17777,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Spaces-1">19 Spaces</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005chspace" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\hspace</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad-1">19.1 <code class="code">\enspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\quad</code> &amp; <code class="code">\qquad</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad-1"><span>19.1 <code class="code">\enspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\quad</code> &amp; <code class="code">\qquad</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005censpace"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cquad"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cqquad"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005censpace"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cquad-1"></a>
@@ -16974,7 +17819,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad-1">19.1
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\hfill</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\enspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\quad</code> &amp; <code class="code">\qquad</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chspace-1">19.2 <code class="code">\hspace</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chspace-1"><span>19.2 <code class="code">\hspace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005chspace-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005chspace"></a>
 
@@ -17039,7 +17884,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chspace-1">19.2 <code class="code">\hspace</code>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005chss" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\hss</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\hspace</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chfill-1">19.3 <code class="code">\hfill</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chfill-1"><span>19.3 <code class="code">\hfill</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005chfill-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005chfill"></a>
 
@@ -17091,7 +17936,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chfill-1">19.3 <code class="code">\hfill</code></
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\hfill</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chss-1">19.4 <code class="code">\hss</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chss-1"><span>19.4 <code class="code">\hss</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005chss-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005chss"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-horizontal-space"></a>
@@ -17129,7 +17974,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chss-1">19.4 <code class="code">\hss</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Backslash-space, <code class="code">\ </code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chss" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\hss</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cspacefactor-1">19.5 <code class="code">\spacefactor</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cspacefactor-1"><span>19.5 <code class="code">\spacefactor</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cspacefactor-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
@@ -17138,13 +17983,14 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cspacefactor-1">19.5 <code class="code">\spacefac
 </pre></div>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cspacefactor"></a>
-<p>Influence LaTeX&rsquo;s glue stretch and shrink behavior.  Most user-level
-documents do not use this command.
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-space-factor"></a>
+<p>Influence LaTeX&rsquo;s stretching and shrinking of glue.  Few user-level
+documents need to use this.
 </p>
 <p>While LaTeX is laying out the material, it may stretch or shrink the
 gaps between words.  (This space is not a character; it is called the
-<em class="dfn">interword glue</em>; see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005chspace"><code class="code">\hspace</code></a>).  The <code class="code">\spacefactor</code> command
-(from Plain&nbsp;TeX) allows you to, for instance, have the space
+<em class="dfn">interword glue</em>; see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005chspace"><code class="code">\hspace</code></a>).  The <code class="code">\spacefactor</code> parameter
+(a TeX primitive) allows you to, for instance, have the space
 after a period stretch more than the space after a word-ending letter.
 </p>
 <p>After LaTeX places each character, or rule or other box, it sets a
@@ -17154,48 +18000,49 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cspacefactor-1">19.5 <code class="code">\spacefac
 that the glue can stretch more and shrink less.  Normally, the space
 factor is 1000. This value is in effect following most characters, and
 any non-character box or math formula.  But it is 3000 after a period,
-exclamation mark, or question mark, it is 2000 after a colon, 1500 after
+exclamation mark, or question mark, 2000 after a colon, 1500 after
 a semicolon, 1250 after a comma, and 0 after a right parenthesis or
 bracket, or closing double quote or single quote.  Finally, it is 999
 after a capital letter.
 </p>
 <p>If the space factor&nbsp;<var class="var">f</var> is 1000 then the glue gap will be the
 font&rsquo;s normal space value (for Computer Modern Roman 10 point this is
-3.3333&nbsp;points).  Otherwise, if the space factor <var class="var">f</var> is greater
+3.3333<span class="dmn">pt</span>).  Otherwise, if the space factor <var class="var">f</var> is greater
 than 2000 then TeX adds the font&rsquo;s extra space value (for Computer
-Modern Roman 10 point this is 1.11111&nbsp;points), and then the font&rsquo;s
+Modern Roman 10 point this is 1.11111<span class="dmn">pt</span>), and then the font&rsquo;s
 normal stretch value is multiplied by <em class="math">f /1000</em> and the normal
 shrink value is multiplied by <em class="math">1000/f</em> (for Computer Modern Roman
-10 point these are 1.66666 and 1.11111&nbsp;points).
+10 point these are 1.66666 and 1.11111<span class="dmn">pt</span>).
 </p>
-<p>For example, consider the period ending <code class="code">A man's best friend is his
-dog.</code>  After it, TeX puts in a fixed extra space, and also allows the
-glue to stretch 3 times as much and shrink 1/3 as much, as the glue
-after <code class="code">friend</code>, which does not end in a period.
+<p>For example, consider the period ending &lsquo;<samp class="samp">A man's best friend is
+his dog.</samp>&rsquo;.  After it, TeX puts in a fixed extra space, and also
+allows the glue to stretch 3 times as much and shrink 1/3 as much, as
+the glue after <code class="code">friend</code> or any of the other words, since they are
+not followed by punctuation.
 </p>
 <p>The rules for space factors are even more complex because they play
-additional roles.  In practice, there are two consequences.  First, if a
-period or other punctuation is followed by a right parenthesis or
-bracket, or right single or double quote then the spacing effect of that
-period carries through those characters (that is, the following glue
-will have increased stretch and shrink).  Second, if
-punctuation comes after a capital letter then its effect is not in place
-so you get an ordinary space.  This second case also affects abbreviations
-that do not end in a capital letter (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005c_0040"><code class="code">\@</code></a>).
+additional roles.  In practice, there are two consequences.  First, if
+a period or other punctuation is followed by a right parenthesis or
+bracket, or right single or double quote then the spacing effect of
+that period carries through those characters (that is, the following
+glue will have increased stretch and shrink).  Second, if punctuation
+comes after a capital letter then the normal effect of the period is
+does not happen, so you get an ordinary space.  This second case also
+affects abbreviations that do not end in a capital letter
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005c_0040"><code class="code">\@</code></a>).
 </p>
 <p>You can only use <code class="code">\spacefactor</code> in paragraph mode or LR mode
 (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).  You can see the current value with
 <code class="code">\the\spacefactor</code> or <code class="code">\showthe\spacefactor</code>.
 </p>
-<p>(Comment, not really related to <code class="code">\spacefactor</code>: if you get errors
-like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">You can't use `\spacefactor' in vertical mode</samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp class="samp">You
-can't use `\spacefactor' in math mode.</samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Improper \spacefactor</samp>&rsquo;
-then you have probably tried to redefine an internal command.
-See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother"><code class="code">\makeatletter</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makeatother</code></a>.)
+<p>Finally, not especially related to <code class="code">\spacefactor</code> itself: if you
+get errors like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">You can't use `\spacefactor' in vertical mode</samp>&rsquo;,
+or &lsquo;<samp class="samp">You can't use `\spacefactor' in math mode.</samp>&rsquo;, or
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Improper \spacefactor</samp>&rsquo; then you have probably tried to redefine
+an internal command.  See <a class="xref" href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother"><code class="code">\makeatletter</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makeatother</code></a>.
 </p>
 
 
-
 <ul class="mini-toc">
 <li><a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\@</code></a></li>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\frenchspacing</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nonfrenchspacing</code></a></li>
@@ -17207,13 +18054,16 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cspacefactor-1">19.5 <code class="code">\spacefac
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\frenchspacing</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nonfrenchspacing</code></a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040-1">19.5.1 <code class="code">\@</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040-1"><span>19.5.1 <code class="code">\@</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005c_0040-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_0040"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-at_002dsign"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-period_002c-sentence_002dending"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-period_002c-abbreviation_002dending"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-period_002c-spacing-after"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sentence_002dending-punctuation"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-non_002dsentence_002dending-punctuation"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-punctuation_002c-sentence_002dending"></a>
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cAT"></a>
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
@@ -17221,13 +18071,11 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040-1">19.5.1 <code class="code">\@</code><
 <pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">capital-letter</var>\@.    
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Treat a period as sentence-ending, where LaTeX would otherwise think
-it is part of an abbreviation.  LaTeX thinks that a period ends an
-abbreviation if the period comes after a capital letter, and otherwise
-thinks the period ends the sentence.  By default, in justifying a line
-LaTeX adjusts the space after a sentence-ending period (or a question
-mark, exclamation point, comma, or colon) more than it adjusts the space
-between words (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cspacefactor"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a>).
+<p>Treat a period (or other punctuation) as sentence-ending, where
+LaTeX would otherwise think it is part of an abbreviation.
+LaTeX thinks that a period ends an abbreviation if the period comes
+after a capital letter, and otherwise thinks the period ends the
+sentence.
 </p>
 <p>This example shows the two cases to remember.
 </p>
@@ -17235,12 +18083,15 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040-1">19.5.1 <code class="code">\@</code><
 <pre class="example-preformatted">The songs \textit{Red Guitar}, etc.\ are by Loudon Wainwright~III\@.
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The second period ends the sentence, despite that it is preceded by a
-capital.  We tell LaTeX that it ends the sentence by putting
-<code class="code">\@</code> before it.  The first period ends the abbreviation
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">etc.</samp>&rsquo; but not the sentence.  The backslash-space, <code class="code">\ </code>,
-produces a mid-sentence space.
+<p>The first period ends the abbreviation &lsquo;<samp class="samp">etc.</samp>&rsquo; but not the
+sentence.  The backslash-space, <code class="code">\ </code>, produces a mid-sentence
+space.  The second period ends the sentence, despite it being preceded
+by a capital letter.  We tell LaTeX that it ends the sentence by
+putting <code class="code">\@</code> before it.
 </p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-right-parentheses_002fquotes_002c-and-spacing"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-parentheses-and-ends-of-sentences"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quotes-and-ends-of-sentences"></a>
 <p>So: if you have a capital letter followed by a period that ends the
 sentence, then put <code class="code">\@</code> before the period.  This holds even if
 there is an intervening right parenthesis or bracket, or right single or
@@ -17254,17 +18105,24 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040-1">19.5.1 <code class="code">\@</code><
 
 <p>will have correct inter-sentence spacing after the period.
 </p>
-<p>The <code class="code">\@</code> command is only for a text mode. If you use it outside of
-a text mode then you get &lsquo;<samp class="samp">You can't use `\spacefactor' in vertical
-mode</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
+<p>The <code class="code">\@</code> command is only for text modes. If you use it outside
+of a text mode then you get the error &lsquo;<samp class="samp">You can't use
+`\spacefactor' in vertical mode</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#Modes">Modes</a>).
 </p>
-<p>Comment: the converse case is a period ending an abbreviation whose last
-letter is not a capital letter, and that abbreviation is not the last
-word in the sentence.  For that case follow the period with a
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-question-marks_002c-ending-a-sentence"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-exclamation-points_002c-ending-a-sentence"></a>
+<p>All the above applies equally to question marks and exclamation points
+as periods, since all are sentence-ending punctuation, and LaTeX
+increases the space after each in the same way, when they end a
+sentence.  LaTeX also increases spacing after colon, semicolon, and
+comma characters (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cspacefactor"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a>).
+</p>
+<p>In addition: the converse case is a period (or other punctuation) that
+does not end a sentence.  For that case, follow the period with a
 backslash-space, (<code class="code">\ </code>), or a tie, (<code class="code">~</code>), or <code class="code">\@</code>.
 Examples are <code class="code">Nat.\ Acad.\ Science</code>, and <code class="code">Mr.~Bean</code>, and
 <code class="code">(manure, etc.\@) for sale</code> (note in the last one that the
-<code class="code">\@</code> comes before the closing parenthesis).
+<code class="code">\@</code> comes after the period but before the closing parenthesis).
 </p>
 
 <hr>
@@ -17274,7 +18132,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040-1">19.5.1 <code class="code">\@</code><
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\normalsfcodes</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\@</code></a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing"></a><h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing-1">19.5.2 <code class="code">\frenchspacing</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nonfrenchspacing</code></h4>
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing"></a><h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing-1"><span>19.5.2 <code class="code">\frenchspacing</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nonfrenchspacing</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cnonfrenchspacing"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfrenchspacing"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"></a>
@@ -17287,18 +18145,21 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040-1">19.5.1 <code class="code">\@</code><
 \nonfrenchspacing
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The first declaration causes LaTeX to handle spacing between
-sentences in the same way as spacing between words in the middle of a
-sentence.  The second switches back to the default handling in which
-spacing between sentences stretches or shrinks more
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cspacefactor"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a>).
+<p><code class="code">\frenchspacing</code> causes LaTeX to make spacing after all
+punctuation, including periods, be the same as the space between words
+in the middle of a sentence.  <code class="code">\nonfrenchspacing</code> switches back
+to the default handling in which spacing after most punctuation stretches
+or shrinks differently than a word space (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cspacefactor"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a>).
 </p>
-<p>Some typographic traditions, including English, prefer to adjust the
-space between sentences (or spaces following a question mark,
-exclamation point, comma, or colon) more than the space between words
-that are in the middle of a sentence.  Declaring <code class="code">\frenchspacing</code>
-(the command is from plain TeX) switches to the tradition that all
-spaces are treated equally.
+<p>In American English, the typesetting tradition is to adjust, typically
+increasing, the space after punctuation more than the space between
+words that are in the middle of a sentence.  Declaring
+<code class="code">\frenchspacing</code> (the command is inherited from plain TeX)
+switches to the tradition that all spaces are treated equally.
+</p>
+<p>If your LaTeX document specifies the language being used, for
+example with the <code class="code">babel</code> package, the necessary settings
+should be taken care of for you.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
@@ -17308,7 +18169,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040-1">19.5.1 <code class="code">\@</code><
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\frenchspacing</code> &amp; <code class="code">\nonfrenchspacing</code></a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnormalsfcodes-1">19.5.3 <code class="code">\normalsfcodes</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnormalsfcodes-1"><span>19.5.3 <code class="code">\normalsfcodes</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnormalsfcodes"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence-1"></a>
@@ -17329,9 +18190,9 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnormalsfcodes-1">19.5.3 <code class="code">\n
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">~</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">~</code>, <code class="code">\nobreakspace</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\spacefactor</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-">19.6 Backslash-space, <code class="code">\ </code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-"><span>19.6 Backslash-space, <code class="code">\ </code><a class="copiable-link" href="#Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cNEWLINE"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cSPACE"></a>
@@ -17340,7 +18201,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-">19.6 Backslash-space, <
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cSPACE-1"></a>
 
 <p>This section refers to the command consisting of two characters, a
-backslash followed by a space.<br>Synopsis:
+backslash followed by a space. Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\ <!-- /@w -->
@@ -17349,8 +18210,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-">19.6 Backslash-space, <
 <p>Produce a space. By default it produces white space of length
 3.33333<span class="dmn">pt</span> plus 1.66666<span class="dmn">pt</span> minus 1.11111<span class="dmn">pt</span>.
 </p>
-<p>When you type one or more blanks between words, LaTeX produces white
-space.  But that is different than an explicit space.  This illustrates.
+<p>When you type one or more blanks between words, LaTeX produces
+whitespace that is different than an explicit space.  This
+illustrates:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{tabular}{rl}
@@ -17384,9 +18246,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-">19.6 Backslash-space, <
 <p>Under normal circumstances, <code class="code">\</code><kbd class="key">TAB</kbd> and <code class="code">\</code><kbd class="key">NEWLINE</kbd>
 are equivalent to backslash-space, <code class="code">\ </code>.
 </p>
-<a class="anchor" id="Leading-blanks"></a><p>Please also note that in order to allow source code indentation, under
-normal circumstances, TeX ignores leading blanks in a line. So the
-following prints &lsquo;<samp class="samp">one word</samp>&rsquo;:
+<a class="anchor" id="Leading-blanks"></a><p>In order to allow source code indentation, under normal circumstances,
+TeX ignores leading blanks in a line. So the following prints
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">one word</samp>&rsquo;:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">one
@@ -17405,7 +18267,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-">19.6 Backslash-space, <
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\thinspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\negthinspace</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Backslash-space, <code class="code">\ </code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_007e-1">19.7 <code class="code">~</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_007e_002c-_005cnobreakspace"><span>19.7 <code class="code">~</code>, <code class="code">\nobreakspace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_007e_002c-_005cnobreakspace"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_007e"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tie"></a>
@@ -17420,10 +18282,14 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_007e-1">19.7 <code class="code">~</code></h3>
 <pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">before</var>~<var class="var">after</var>
 </pre></div>
 
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnobreakspace"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-no_002dbreak-space_002c-Unicode-U_002b00A0"></a>
 <p>The <em class="dfn">tie</em> character, <code class="code">~</code>, produces a space between <var class="var">before</var> and
 <var class="var">after</var> at which the line will not be broken. By default the white
 space has length 3.33333<span class="dmn">pt</span> plus 1.66666<span class="dmn">pt</span> minus
-1.11111<span class="dmn">pt</span> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).
+1.11111<span class="dmn">pt</span> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Lengths">Lengths</a>).  The command <code class="code">\nobreakspace</code>
+and the Unicode input character U+00A0 (also in many 8-bit encodings)
+are synonyms.
 </p>
 <p>Note that the word &lsquo;<samp class="samp">tie</samp>&rsquo; has this meaning in the TeX/Texinfo
 community; this differs from the typographic term &ldquo;tie&rdquo;, which
@@ -17439,14 +18305,14 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_007e-1">19.7 <code class="code">~</code></h3>
 <p>In addition, despite the period, LaTeX does not use the
 end-of-sentence spacing (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005c_0040"><code class="code">\@</code></a>).
 </p>
-<p>Ties prevent the end of line separation of things where that could
-cause confusion. They also still allow hyphenation (of either of the
-tied words), so they are generally preferable to putting consecutive
-words in an <code class="code">\mbox</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox"><code class="code">\mbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makebox</code></a>). 
+<p>Ties prevent a line break where that could cause confusion. They also
+still allow hyphenation (of either of the tied words), so they are
+generally preferable to putting consecutive words in an <code class="code">\mbox</code>
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox"><code class="code">\mbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makebox</code></a>).
 </p>
-<p>They are also matters of taste, sometimes alarmingly dogmatic taste,
-among readers. Nevertheless, here are some usage models, many of them
-from <cite class="cite">The TeXbook</cite>.
+<p>Exactly where ties should be used is something of a matter of taste,
+sometimes alarmingly dogmatic taste, among readers. Nevertheless, here
+are some usage models, many of them from <cite class="cite">The TeXbook</cite>.
 </p>
 <ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
 <li>Between an enumerator label and number, such as in references:
@@ -17495,9 +18361,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_007e-1">19.7 <code class="code">~</code></h3>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\/</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">~</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\/</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_007e" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">~</code>, <code class="code">\nobreakspace</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace-1">19.8 <code class="code">\thinspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\negthinspace</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace-1"><span>19.8 <code class="code">\thinspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\negthinspace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cthinspace"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cnegthinspace"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cthinspace-1"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnegthinspace-1"></a>
@@ -17548,7 +18414,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace-1">19.8 <code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\hrulefill</code> &amp; <code class="code">\dotfill</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\thinspace</code> &amp; <code class="code">\negthinspace</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_002f-1">19.9 <code class="code">\/</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_002f-1"><span>19.9 <code class="code">\/</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005c_002f-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_002f"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-italic-correction"></a>
@@ -17610,7 +18476,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005c_002f-1">19.9 <code class="code">\/</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\bigskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\medskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\smallskip</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\/</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill-1">19.10 <code class="code">\hrulefill</code> &amp; <code class="code">\dotfill</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill-1"><span>19.10 <code class="code">\hrulefill</code> &amp; <code class="code">\dotfill</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005chrulefill"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cdotfill"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005chrulefill"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cdotfill"></a>
@@ -17681,7 +18547,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill-1">19.10 <code clas
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\bigbreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\medbreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\smallbreak</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\hrulefill</code> &amp; <code class="code">\dotfill</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip-1">19.11 <code class="code">\bigskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\medskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\smallskip</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip-1"><span>19.11 <code class="code">\bigskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\medskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\smallskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cbigskip"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cmedskip"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005csmallskip"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbigskip"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmedskip"></a>
@@ -17715,21 +18581,21 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip-
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="bigskip"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cbigskip-1'><span><code class="code">\bigskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cbigskip-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cbigskip-1"></a><span><code class="code">\bigskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cbigskip-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbigskipamount"></a>
 <p>The same as <code class="code">\vspace{\bigskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about one line
 space, with stretch and shrink.  The default for the <code class="code">book</code> and
 <code class="code">article</code> classes is <code class="code">12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="medskip"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cmedskip-1'><span><code class="code">\medskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmedskip-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cmedskip-1"></a><span><code class="code">\medskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cmedskip-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmedskipamount"></a>
 <p>The same as <code class="code">\vspace{\medskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about half of a
 line space, with stretch and shrink.  The default for the <code class="code">book</code>
 and <code class="code">article</code> classes is <code class="code">6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="smallskip"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005csmallskip-1'><span><code class="code">\smallskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005csmallskip-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005csmallskip-1"></a><span><code class="code">\smallskip</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005csmallskip-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csmallskipamount"></a>
 <p>The same as <code class="code">\vspace{\smallskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about a
 quarter of a line space, with stretch and shrink.  The default for the
@@ -17755,7 +18621,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip-
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstrut" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\strut</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\bigskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\medskip</code> &amp; <code class="code">\smallskip</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak-1">19.12 <code class="code">\bigbreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\medbreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\smallbreak</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak-1"><span>19.12 <code class="code">\bigbreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\medbreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\smallbreak</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cbigbreak"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cmedbreak"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005csmallbreak"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cbigbreak"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmedbreak"></a>
@@ -17798,7 +18664,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbre
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvspace" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\vspace</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\bigbreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\medbreak</code> &amp; <code class="code">\smallbreak</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cstrut-1">19.13 <code class="code">\strut</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cstrut-1"><span>19.13 <code class="code">\strut</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cstrut-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cstrut"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-strut-1"></a>
@@ -17906,7 +18772,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cstrut-1">19.13 <code class="code">\strut</code><
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\vfill</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstrut" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\strut</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cvspace-1">19.14 <code class="code">\vspace</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cvspace-1"><span>19.14 <code class="code">\vspace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cvspace-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cvspace"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-vertical-space"></a>
@@ -17976,7 +18842,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cvspace-1">19.14 <code class="code">\vspace</code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\addvspace</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvspace" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\vspace</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cvfill-1">19.15 <code class="code">\vfill</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cvfill-1"><span>19.15 <code class="code">\vfill</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cvfill-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cvfill"></a>
 
@@ -18022,7 +18888,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cvfill-1">19.15 <code class="code">\vfill</code><
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\vfill</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddvspace-1">19.16 <code class="code">\addvspace</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddvspace-1"><span>19.16 <code class="code">\addvspace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005caddvspace-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005caddvspace"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-vertical-space-1"></a>
@@ -18086,9 +18952,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddvspace-1">19.16 <code class="code">\addvspace
 <div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Boxes">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Color" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color</a>, Previous: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Spaces</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Spaces</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Boxes-1">20 Boxes</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Boxes-1"><span>20 Boxes<a class="copiable-link" href="#Boxes-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-boxes"></a>
 
@@ -18118,7 +18984,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Boxes-1">20 Boxes</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\fbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\framebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox-1">20.1 <code class="code">\mbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox-1"><span>20.1 <code class="code">\mbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makebox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cmbox"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cmakebox"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmbox"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmakebox"></a>
@@ -18156,7 +19022,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox-1">20.1 <code class="cod
 <p>In the third version the optional argument <var class="var">width</var> specifies the
 width of the box.  Note that the space occupied by the text need not
 equal the width of the box.  For one thing, <var class="var">text</var> can be too small;
-this creates a full-line box
+this creates a full-line box:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\makebox[\linewidth]{Chapter Exam}
@@ -18246,7 +19112,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox-1">20.1 <code class="cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cparbox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\parbox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\mbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\makebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox-1">20.2 <code class="code">\fbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\framebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox-1"><span>20.2 <code class="code">\fbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\framebox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cfbox"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cframebox"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfbox"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cframebox-1"></a>
@@ -18291,7 +19157,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox-1">20.2 <code class="co
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="fbox-framebox-fboxrule"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfboxrule-2'><span><code class="code">\fboxrule</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfboxrule-2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfboxrule-2"></a><span><code class="code">\fboxrule</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfboxrule-2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-frame_002c-line-width"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-frame-rule-width"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfboxrule"></a>
@@ -18300,7 +19166,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox-1">20.2 <code class="co
 <code class="code">\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005csetlength"><code class="code">\setlength</code></a>).
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="fbox-framebox-fboxsep"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cfboxsep-2'><span><code class="code">\fboxsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cfboxsep-2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cfboxsep-2"></a><span><code class="code">\fboxsep</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cfboxsep-2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-frame_002c-separation-from-contents"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cfboxsep"></a>
 <p>The distance from the frame to the enclosed box. The default is 3<span class="dmn">pt</span>.
@@ -18345,7 +19211,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox-1">20.2 <code class="co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005craisebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\raisebox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\fbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\framebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cparbox-1">20.3 <code class="code">\parbox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cparbox-1"><span>20.3 <code class="code">\parbox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cparbox-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cparbox"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraph-mode-1"></a>
@@ -18414,7 +19280,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cparbox-1">20.3 <code class="code">\parbox</code>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\sbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\savebox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cparbox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\parbox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005craisebox-1">20.4 <code class="code">\raisebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005craisebox-1"><span>20.4 <code class="code">\raisebox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005craisebox-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005craisebox"></a>
 
@@ -18477,7 +19343,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005craisebox-1">20.4 <code class="code">\raisebox</c
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#lrbox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">lrbox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005craisebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\raisebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox-1">20.5 <code class="code">\sbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\savebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox-1"><span>20.5 <code class="code">\sbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\savebox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005csbox"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005csavebox"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csbox"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csavebox"></a>
@@ -18578,7 +19444,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox-1">20.5 <code class="cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cusebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\usebox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\sbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\savebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="lrbox-1">20.6 <code class="code">lrbox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="lrbox-1"><span>20.6 <code class="code">lrbox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#lrbox-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lrbox"></a>
 
@@ -18621,7 +19487,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="lrbox-1">20.6 <code class="code">lrbox</code></h3>
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#lrbox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">lrbox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cusebox-1">20.7 <code class="code">\usebox</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cusebox-1"><span>20.7 <code class="code">\usebox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cusebox-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cusebox"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-box_002c-use-saved-box"></a>
@@ -18641,153 +19507,143 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cusebox-1">20.7 <code class="code">\usebox</code>
 <hr>
 </div>
 </div>
-<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Color">
+<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Graphics">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Boxes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Color" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color</a>, Previous: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Boxes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Color-1">21 Color</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Graphics-1"><span>21 Graphics<a class="copiable-link" href="#Graphics-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package"></a>
 
-<p>You can add color to text, rules, etc.  You can also have color in a box
-or on an entire page and write text on top of it.
+<p>You can use graphics such as PNG or PDF files in your LaTeX document.
+You need an additional package, which comes standard with LaTeX.
+This example is the short how-to.
 </p>
-<p>Color support comes as an additional package.  So put
-<code class="code">\usepackage{color}</code> in your document preamble to use the
-commands described here.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\include{graphicx}  % goes in the preamble
+  ...
+\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{plot.pdf}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>To use the commands described here your document preamble must contain
+either <code class="code">\usepackage{graphicx}</code> or
+<code class="code">\usepackage{graphics}</code>. Most of the time, <code class="code">graphicx</code> is the
+better choice.
 </p>
-<p>Many other packages also supplement LaTeX&rsquo;s color abilities.
-Particularly worth mentioning is <samp class="file">xcolor</samp>, which is widely used and
-significantly extends the capabilities described here, including adding
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">HTML</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Hsb</samp>&rsquo; color models.
+<p>Graphics come in two main types, raster and vector.  LaTeX can use
+both.  In raster graphics the file contains an entry for each location
+in an array, describing what color it is.  An example is a photograph
+in JPG format.  In vector graphics, the file contains a list of
+instructions such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">draw a circle with this radius and that
+center</samp>&rsquo;.  An example is a line drawing produced by the Asymptote
+program, in PDF format.  Generally vector graphics are more useful
+because you can rescale their size without pixelation or other problems,
+and because they often have a smaller size.
+</p>
+<p>There are systems particularly well-suited to make graphics for a
+LaTeX document.  For example, these allow you to use the same fonts
+as in your document.  LaTeX comes with a <code class="code">picture</code> environment
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#picture"><code class="code">picture</code></a>) that has simple capabilities.  Besides that, there are
+other ways to include the graphic-making commands in the document.  Two
+such systems are the PSTricks and TikZ packages.  There are also systems
+external to LaTeX, that generate a graphic that you include using the
+commands of this chapter.  Two that use a programming language are
+Asymptote and MetaPost.  One that uses a graphical interface is Xfig.
+Full description of these systems is outside the scope of this document;
+see their documentation on CTAN.
 </p>
 
 
 <ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#Color-package-options" accesskey="1"><code class="code">color</code> package options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Color-models" accesskey="2">Color models</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="3">Commands for color</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Graphics-package-options" accesskey="1"><code class="code">graphics</code> package options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="2"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="3">Commands for graphics</a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Color-package-options">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Graphics-package-options">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Color-models" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color models</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="color-package-options">21.1 <code class="code">color</code> package options</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="graphics-package-options"><span>21.1 <code class="code">graphics</code> package options<a class="copiable-link" href="#graphics-package-options"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-package-options"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-color-package"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package-options"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-graphics-package"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis (must be in the document preamble):
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[<var class="var">comma-separated option list</var>]{color}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[<var class="var">comma-separated option list</var>]{graphics}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>When you load the <samp class="file">color</samp> package there are two kinds of available
-options.
+<p>or
 </p>
-<p>The first specifies the <em class="dfn">printer driver</em>.  LaTeX doesn&rsquo;t contain
-information about different output systems but instead depends on
-information stored in a file.  Normally you should not specify the
-driver option in the document, and instead rely on your system&rsquo;s
-default. One advantage of this is that it makes the document portable
-across systems.  For completeness we include a list of the drivers.  The
-currently relevant ones are: <samp class="file">dvipdfmx</samp>, <samp class="file">dvips</samp>,
-<samp class="file">dvisvgm</samp>, <samp class="file">luatex</samp>, <samp class="file">pdftex</samp>, <samp class="file">xetex</samp>.  The two
-<samp class="file">xdvi</samp> and <samp class="file">oztex</samp> are essentially aliases for <samp class="file">dvips</samp>
-(and <samp class="file">xdvi</samp> is monochrome).  Ones that should not be used for new
-systems are: <samp class="file">dvipdf</samp>, <samp class="file">dvipdfm</samp>, <samp class="file">dviwin</samp>,
-<samp class="file">dvipsone</samp>, <samp class="file">emtex</samp>, <samp class="file">pctexps</samp>, <samp class="file">pctexwin</samp>,
-<samp class="file">pctexhp</samp>, <samp class="file">pctex32</samp>, <samp class="file">truetex</samp>, <samp class="file">tcidvi</samp>,
-<samp class="file">vtex</samp> (and <samp class="file">dviwindo</samp> is an alias for <samp class="file">dvipsone</samp>).
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[<var class="var">comma-separated option list</var>]{graphicx}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The <code class="code">graphicx</code> package has a format for optional arguments to the
+<code class="code">\includegraphics</code> command that is convenient (it is the key-value
+format), so it is the better choice for new documents.  When you load
+the <code class="code">graphics</code> or <code class="code">graphicx</code> package with <code class="code">\usepackage</code>
+there are two kinds of available options.
+</p>
+<p>The first is that LaTeX does not contain information about different
+output systems but instead depends on information stored in a
+<em class="dfn">printer driver</em> file.  Normally you should not specify the driver
+option in the document, and instead rely on your system&rsquo;s default. One
+advantage of this is that it makes the document portable across systems.
+</p>
+<p>For completeness here is a list of the drivers.  The currently relevant
+ones are: <samp class="file">dvipdfmx</samp>, <samp class="file">dvips</samp>, <samp class="file">dvisvgm</samp>, <samp class="file">luatex</samp>,
+<samp class="file">pdftex</samp>, <samp class="file">xetex</samp>.  The two <samp class="file">xdvi</samp> and <samp class="file">oztex</samp> are
+essentially aliases for <samp class="file">dvips</samp> (and <samp class="file">xdvi</samp> is monochrome).
+Ones that should not be used for new systems are: <samp class="file">dvipdf</samp>,
+<samp class="file">dvipdfm</samp>, <samp class="file">dviwin</samp>, <samp class="file">dvipsone</samp>, <samp class="file">emtex</samp>,
+<samp class="file">pctexps</samp>, <samp class="file">pctexwin</samp>, <samp class="file">pctexhp</samp>, <samp class="file">pctex32</samp>,
+<samp class="file">truetex</samp>, <samp class="file">tcidvi</samp>, <samp class="file">vtex</samp> (and <samp class="file">dviwindo</samp> is an
+alias for <samp class="file">dvipsone</samp>).  These are stored in files with a
+<samp class="file">.def</samp> extension, such as <samp class="file">pdftex.def</samp>.
 </p>
-<p>The second kind of options, beyond the drivers, are below.
+<p>The second kind of options are below.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt><code class="code">monochrome</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Disable the color commands, so that they do not generate errors but do
-not generate color either.
+<dt><code class="code">demo</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Instead of an image file, LaTeX puts in a 150&nbsp;pt by 100&nbsp;pt
+rectangle (unless another size is specified in the
+<code class="code">\includegraphics</code> command).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">dvipsnames</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Make available a list of 68 color names that are often used,
-particularly in legacy documents.  These color names were originally
-provided by the <samp class="file">dvips</samp> driver, giving the option name.
+<dt><code class="code">draft</code></dt>
+<dd><p>For each graphic file, it is not shown but instead its file name is
+printed in a box of the correct size.  In order to determine the size,
+the file must be present.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">nodvipsnames</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Do not load that list of color names, saving LaTeX a tiny amount of
-memory space.
+<dt><code class="code">final</code></dt>
+<dd><p>(Default) Override any previous <code class="code">draft</code> option, so that the
+document shows the contents of the graphic files.
 </p>
 </dd>
-</dl>
-
-
-<hr>
-</div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Color-models">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="n" rel="next">Commands for color</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color-package-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">color</code> package options</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Color-models-1">21.2 Color models</h3>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-models"></a>
-
-<p>A <em class="dfn">color model</em> is a way of representing colors.  LaTeX&rsquo;s
-capabilities depend on the printer driver.  However, the <samp class="file">pdftex</samp>,
-<samp class="file">xetex</samp>, and <samp class="file">luatex</samp> printer drivers are today by far the
-most commonly used.  The models below work for those drivers.  All but
-one of these is also supported by essentially all other printer drivers
-used today.
-</p>
-<p>Note that color combination can be additive or subtractive.  Additive
-mixes colors of light, so that for instance combining full intensities
-of red, green, and blue produces white.  Subtractive mixes pigments,
-such as with inks, so that combining full intensity of cyan, magenta,
-and yellow makes black.
-</p>
-<dl class="table">
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="color-models-cmyk"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">cmyk</code></dt>
-<dd><p>A comma-separated list with four real numbers between 0 and 1,
-inclusive.  The first number is the intensity of cyan, the second is
-magenta, and the others are yellow and black.  A number value of 0 means
-minimal intensity, while a 1 is for full intensity.  This model is often
-used in color printing.  It is a subtractive model.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="color-models-gray"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">gray</code></dt>
-<dd><p>A single real number between 0 and 1, inclusive.  The colors are shades
-of grey.  The number 0 produces black while 1 gives white.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="color-models-rgb"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">rgb</code></dt>
-<dd><p>A comma-separated list with three real numbers between 0 and 1,
-inclusive.  The first number is the intensity of the red component, the
-second is green, and the third the blue.  A number value of 0 means that
-none of that component is added in, while a 1 means full intensity.
-This is an additive model.
+<dt><code class="code">hiderotate</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Do not show rotated text.  (This allows for the possibility that a
+previewer does not have the capability to rotate text.)
 </p>
-<a class="anchor" id="color-models-RGB"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">RGB</code></dt>
-<dd><p>(<samp class="file">pdftex</samp>, <samp class="file">xetex</samp>, <samp class="file">luatex</samp> drivers) A comma-separated
-list with three integers between 0 and 255, inclusive.  This model is a
-convenience for using <code class="code">rgb</code> since outside of LaTeX colors are
-often described in a red-green-blue model using numbers in this range.
-The values entered here are converted to the <code class="code">rgb</code> model by
-dividing by 255.
+</dd>
+<dt><code class="code">hidescale</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Do not show scaled text.  (This allows for the possibility that a
+previewer does not have the capability to scale.)
 </p>
-<a class="anchor" id="color-models-named"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">named</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Colors are accessed by name, such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">PrussianBlue</samp>&rsquo;.  The list of
-names depends on the driver, but all support the names &lsquo;<samp class="samp">black</samp>&rsquo;,
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">blue</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">cyan</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">green</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">magenta</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">red</samp>&rsquo;,
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp">white</samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">yellow</samp>&rsquo; (See the <code class="code">dvipsnames</code> option in
-<a class="ref" href="#Color-package-options"><code class="code">color</code> package options</a>).
+</dd>
+<dt><code class="code">hiresbb</code></dt>
+<dd><p>In a PS or EPS file the graphic size may be specified in two ways.  The
+<code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code> lines describe the graphic size using integer
+multiples of a PostScript point, that is, integer multiples of 1/72
+inch.  A later addition to the PostScript language allows decimal
+multiples, such as 1.23, in <code class="code">%%HiResBoundingBox</code> lines.  This
+option has LaTeX to read the size from the latter.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
@@ -18795,1293 +19651,1303 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Color-models-1">21.2 Color models</h3>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Commands-for-color">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Graphics-package-configuration">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#Color-models" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color models</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Commands for graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Graphics-package-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">graphics</code> package options</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Commands-for-color-1">21.3 Commands for color</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="graphics-package-configuration"><span>21.2 <code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration<a class="copiable-link" href="#graphics-package-configuration"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-package-commands"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration_002c-graphics-package"></a>
 
-<p>These are the commands available with the <samp class="file">color</samp> package.
+<p>These commands configure the way LaTeX searches the file system for
+the graphic.
+</p>
+<p>The behavior of file system search code is necessarily platform
+dependent.  In this document we cover GNU/Linux, Macintosh, and Windows, as
+those systems are typically configured.  For other situations consult
+the documentation in <samp class="file">grfguide.pdf</samp>, or the LaTeX source, or your
+TeX distribution&rsquo;s documentation.
 </p>
 
 
 <ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#Define-colors" accesskey="1">Define colors</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Colored-text" accesskey="2">Colored text</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Colored-boxes" accesskey="3">Colored boxes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Colored-pages" accesskey="4">Colored pages</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Define-colors">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cgraphicspath">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Colored-text" accesskey="n" rel="next">Colored text</a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Define-colors-1">21.3.1 Define colors</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cgraphicspath-1"><span>21.2.1 <code class="code">\graphicspath</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-define-color"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color_002c-define"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cgraphicspath"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{<var class="var">name</var>}{<var class="var">model</var>}{<var class="var">specification</var>}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Give the name <var class="var">name</var> to the color.  For example, after this
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{silver}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,0.74}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\graphicspath{<var class="var">list of directories inside curly braces</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>you can use that color name with <code class="code">Hi ho,
-\textcolor{silver}{Silver}!</code>.
+<p>Declare a list of directories to search for graphics files.  This allows
+you to later say something like <code class="code">\includegraphics{lion.png}</code>
+instead of having to give its path.
 </p>
-<p>This example gives the color a more abstract name, so it could change and
-not be misleading.
+<p>LaTeX always looks for graphic files first in the current directory
+(and the output directory, if specified; see <a class="pxref" href="#output-directory">output directory</a>).
+The declaration below tells the system to then look in the
+subdirectory <samp class="file">pix</samp>, and then <samp class="file">../pix</samp>.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{logocolor}{RGB}{145,92,131}    % RGB needs pdflatex
-\newcommand{\logo}{\textcolor{logocolor}{Bob's Big Bagels}}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage{graphicx}   % or graphics; put in preamble
+  ...
+\graphicspath{ {pix/} {../pix/} }
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Often a document&rsquo;s colors are defined in the preamble, or in the class
-or style, rather than in the document body.
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-</div>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Colored-text">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#Colored-boxes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Colored boxes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Define-colors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Define colors</a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Colored-text-1">21.3.2 Colored text</h4>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-2"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-colored-text"></a>
-
-<p>Synopses:
+<p>The <code class="code">\graphicspath</code> declaration is optional.  If you don&rsquo;t include
+it then LaTeX&rsquo;s default is to search all of the places that it
+usually looks for a file (it uses LaTeX&rsquo;s <code class="code">\input@path</code>).  In
+particular, in this case one of the places it looks is the current
+directory.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\textcolor{<var class="var">name</var>}{...}
-\textcolor[<var class="var">color model</var>]{<var class="var">color specification</var>}{...}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>or
+<p>Enclose each directory name in curly braces; for example, above it says
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp"><code class="code">{pix}</code></samp>&rsquo;.  Do this even if there is only one directory.
+Each directory name must end in a forward slash, <samp class="file">/</samp>.  This is true
+even on Windows, where good practice is to use forward slashes for all
+the directory separators since it makes the document portable to other
+platforms.  If you have spaces in your directory name then use double
+quotes, as with <code class="code">{&quot;my docs/&quot;}</code>. Getting one of these rules wrong
+will cause LaTeX to report <code class="code">Error: File `<var class="var">filename</var>' not
+found</code>.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\color{<var class="var">name</var>}
-\color[<var class="var">color model</var>]{<var class="var">color specification</var>}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>The affected text gets the color.  This line
+<p>Basically, the algorithm is that with this example, after looking in the
+current directory,
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\textcolor{magenta}{My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;}
-Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\graphicspath{ {pix/} {../pix/} }
+...
+\usepackage{lion.png}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>causes the first half to be in magenta while the rest is in black.  You
-can use a color declared with <code class="code">\definecolor</code> in exactly the same
-way that we just used the builtin color &lsquo;<samp class="samp">magenta</samp>&rsquo;.
+<p>for each of the listed directories, LaTeX concatenates it with the
+filename and searches for the result, checking for <samp class="file">pix/lion.png</samp>
+and then <samp class="file">../pix/lion.png</samp>.  This algorithm means that the
+<code class="code">\graphicspath</code> command does not recursively search subdirectories:
+if you issue <code class="code">\graphicspath{{a/}}</code> and the graphic is in
+<samp class="file">a/b/lion.png</samp> then LaTeX will not find it.  It also means that
+you can use absolute paths such as
+<code class="code">\graphicspath{{/home/jim/logos/}}</code> or
+<code class="code">\graphicspath{{C:/Users/Albert/Pictures/}}</code>.  However, using
+these means that the document is not portable.  (You could preserve
+portability by adjusting your TeX system settings configuration file
+parameter <code class="code">TEXINPUTS</code>; see the documentation of your system.)
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{MidlifeCrisisRed}{rgb}{1.0,0.11,0.0}
-I'm thinking about getting a \textcolor{MidlifeCrisisRed}{sports car}.
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>The two <code class="code">\textcolor</code> and <code class="code">\color</code> differ in that the first is
-a command form, enclosing the text to be colored as an argument.  Often
-this form is more convenient, or at least more explicit.  The second
-form is a declaration, as in <code class="code">The moon is made of {\color{green}
-green} cheese</code>, so it is in effect until the end of the current group
-or environment.  This is sometimes useful when writing macros or as
-below where it colors everything inside the <code class="code">center</code> environment,
-including the vertical and horizontal lines.
+<p>You can use <code class="code">\graphicspath</code> anywhere in the document.  You can use
+it more than once.  Show its value with
+<code class="code">\makeatletter\typeout{\Ginput@path}\makeatother</code>.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{center} \color{blue}
-  \begin{tabular}{l|r}
-    UL &amp;UR \\ \hline
-    LL &amp;LR 
-  \end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>You can use color in equations.  A document might have this definition
-in the preamble
+<p>The directories are taken with respect to the base file.  That is,
+suppose that you are working on a document based on <samp class="file">book/book.tex</samp>
+and it contains <code class="code">\include{chapters/chap1}</code>.  If in
+<samp class="file">chap1.tex</samp> you put <code class="code">\graphicspath{{plots/}}</code> then
+LaTeX will not search for graphics in <samp class="file">book/chapters/plots</samp>, but
+instead in <samp class="file">book/plots</samp>.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{highlightcolor}{RGB}{225,15,0}
-</pre></div>
 
-<p>and then contain this equation.
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{equation}
-  \int_a^b \textcolor{highlightcolor}{f'(x)}\,dx=f(b)-f(a)
-\end{equation}
-</pre></div>
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions-1"><span>21.2.2 <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<p>Typically the colors used in a document are declared in a class or style
-but sometimes you want a one-off.  Those are the second forms in the
-synopses.
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions"></a>
+
+<p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">Colors of \textcolor[rgb]{0.33,0.14,0.47}{Purple} and
-{\color[rgb]{0.72,0.60,0.37}Gold} for the team.
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{<var class="var">comma-separated list of file extensions</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The format of <var class="var">color specification</var> depends on the color model
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#Color-models">Color models</a>).  For instance, while <code class="code">rgb</code> takes three
-numbers, <code class="code">gray</code> takes only one.
+<p>Declare the filename extensions to try.  This allows you to specify the
+order in which to choose graphic formats when you include graphic files
+by giving the filename without the extension, as in
+<code class="code">\includegraphics{functionplot}</code>.
+</p>
+<p>In this example, LaTeX will find files in the PNG format before PDF
+files.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">The selection was \textcolor[gray]{0.5}{grayed out}.
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.png,PNG,.pdf,.PDF}
+  ...
+\includegraphics{lion}   % will find <samp class="file">lion.png</samp> before <samp class="file">lion.pdf</samp> 
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Colors inside colors do not combine.  Thus
+<p>Because the filename <samp class="file">lion</samp> does not have a period, LaTeX uses
+the extension list.  For each directory in the graphics path
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath"><code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a>), LaTeX will try the extensions in the order
+given.  If it does not find such a file after trying all the directories
+and extensions then it reports &lsquo;<samp class="samp">! LaTeX Error: File `<samp class="file">lion</samp>'
+not found</samp>&rsquo;.  Note that you must include the periods at the start of the
+extensions.
+</p>
+<p>Because GNU/Linux and Macintosh filenames are case sensitive, the list of
+file extensions is case sensitive on those platforms.  The Windows
+platform is not case sensitive.
+</p>
+<p>You are not required to include <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code> in
+your document; the printer driver has a sensible default.  For example,
+the most recent <samp class="file">pdftex.def</samp> has this extension list.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\textcolor{green}{kind of \textcolor{blue}{blue}}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.jpeg,.jbig2,.jb2,.PDF,.PNG,.JPG,.JPEG,.JBIG2,.JB2
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>has a final word that is blue, not a combination of blue and green.
-</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-grfext"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-grfext-package"></a>
 
+<p>To change the order, use the <code class="code">grfext</code> package.
+</p>
+<p>You can use this command anywhere in the document.  You can use it more
+than once.  Show its value with
+<code class="code">\makeatletter\typeout{\Gin@extensions}\makeatother</code>.
+</p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Colored-boxes">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Colored-pages" accesskey="n" rel="next">Colored pages</a>, Previous: <a href="#Colored-text" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Colored text</a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Colored-boxes-1">21.3.3 Colored boxes</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule-1"><span>21.2.3 <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-3"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-colored-boxes"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-box_002c-colored"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareGraphicsRule"></a>
 
-<p>Synopses:
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\colorbox{<var class="var">name</var>}{...}
-\colorbox[<var class="var">model name</var>]{<var class="var">box background color</var>}{...}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsRule{<var class="var">extension</var>}{<var class="var">type</var>}{<var class="var">size-file extension</var>}{<var class="var">command</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>or
+<p>Declare how to handle graphic files whose names end in <var class="var">extension</var>.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\fcolorbox{<var class="var">frame color</var>}{<var class="var">box background color</var>}{...}
-\fcolorbox[<var class="var">model name</var>]{<var class="var">frame color</var>}{<var class="var">box background color</var>}{...}
-</pre></div>
-
-<p>Make a box with the stated background color.  The <code class="code">\fcolorbox</code>
-command puts a frame around the box.  For instance this
+<p>This example declares that all files with names of the form
+<samp class="file">filename-without-dot.mps</samp> will be treated as output from MetaPost,
+meaning that the printer driver will use its MetaPost-handling code to
+input the file.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">Name:~\colorbox{cyan}{\makebox[5cm][l]{\strut}}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsRule{.mps}{mps}{.mps}{}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>makes a cyan-colored box that is five centimeters long and gets its
-depth and height from the <code class="code">\strut</code> (so the depth is
-<code class="code">-.3\baselineskip</code> and the height is <code class="code">\baselineskip</code>).  This
-puts white text on a blue background.
+<p>This
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\colorbox{blue}{\textcolor{white}{Welcome to the machine.}}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsRule{*}{mps}{*}{}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The <code class="code">\fcolorbox</code> commands use the same parameters as <code class="code">\fbox</code>
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox"><code class="code">\fbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\framebox</code></a>), <code class="code">\fboxrule</code> and <code class="code">\fboxsep</code>, to
-set the thickness of the rule and the boundary between the box interior
-and the surrounding rule.  LaTeX&rsquo;s defaults are <code class="code">0.4pt</code> and
-<code class="code">3pt</code>, respectively.
+<p>tells LaTeX that it should handle as MetaPost output any file with an
+extension not covered by another rule, so it covers <samp class="file">filename.1</samp>,
+<samp class="file">filename.2</samp>, etc.
 </p>
-<p>This example changes the thickness of the border to 0.8 points.  Note
-that it is surrounded by curly braces so that the change ends at the end
-of the second line.
+<p>This describes the four arguments.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">{\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}
-\fcolorbox{black}{red}{Under no circumstances turn this knob.}}
-</pre></div>
-
+<dl class="table">
+<dt><var class="var">extension</var></dt>
+<dd><p>The file extension to which this rule applies. The extension is anything
+after and including the first dot in the filename.  Use the Kleene star,
+<code class="code">*</code>, to denote the default behavior for all undeclared extensions.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><var class="var">type</var></dt>
+<dd><p>The type of file involved.  This type is a string that must be defined
+in the printer driver. For instance, files with extensions <samp class="file">.ps</samp>,
+<samp class="file">.eps</samp>, or <samp class="file">.ps.gz</samp> may all be classed as type <code class="code">eps</code>.
+All files of the same type will be input with the same internal command
+by the printer driver. For example, the file types that <samp class="file">pdftex</samp>
+recognizes are: <code class="code">jpg</code>, <code class="code">jbig2</code>, <code class="code">mps</code>, <code class="code">pdf</code>,
+<code class="code">png</code>, <code class="code">tif</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><var class="var">size-file extension</var></dt>
+<dd><p>The extension of the file to be read to determine the size of the
+graphic, if there is such a file. It may be the same as <var class="var">extension</var>
+but it may be different.
+</p>
+<p>As an example, consider a PostScript graphic.  To make it smaller, it
+might be compressed into a <samp class="file">.ps.gz</samp> file.  Compressed files are not
+easily read by LaTeX so you can put the bounding box information in a
+separate file. If <var class="var">size-file extension</var> is empty then you must
+specify size information in the arguments of <code class="code">\includegraphics</code>.
+</p>
+<p>If the driver file has a procedure for reading size files for
+<code class="code">type</code> then that will be used, otherwise it will use the procedure
+for reading <samp class="file">.eps</samp> files.  (Thus you may specify the size of bitmap
+files in a file with a PostScript style <code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code> line if no
+other format is available.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><var class="var">command</var></dt>
+<dd><p>A command that will be applied to the file. This is often left
+empty. This command must start with a single backward quote.  Thus,
+<code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule{.eps.gz}{eps}{.eps.bb}{`gunzip -c
+#1}</code> specifies that any file with the extension <samp class="file">.eps.gz</samp> should
+be treated as an <code class="code">eps</code> file, with the BoundingBox information
+stored in the file with extension <samp class="file">.eps.bb</samp>, and that the command
+<code class="code">gunzip -c</code> will run on your platform to decompresses the file.
+</p>
+<p>Such a command is specific to your platform.  In addition, your TeX
+system must allow you to run external commands; as a security measure
+modern systems restrict running commands unless you explicitly allow it.
+See the documentation for your TeX distribution.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Colored-pages">
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Commands-for-graphics">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#Colored-boxes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Colored boxes</a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Colored-pages-1">21.3.4 Colored pages</h4>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-4"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-colored-page"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page_002c-colored"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-background_002c-colored"></a>
+<h3 class="section" id="Commands-for-graphics-1"><span>21.3 Commands for graphics<a class="copiable-link" href="#Commands-for-graphics-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<p>Synopses:
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\pagecolor{<var class="var">name</var>}
-\pagecolor[<var class="var">color model</var>]{<var class="var">color specification</var>}
-\nopagecolor
-</pre></div>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package-commands"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-commands_002c-graphics-package"></a>
 
-<p>The first two set the background of the page, and all subsequent pages,
-to the color.  For an explanation of the specification in the second
-form see <a class="pxref" href="#Colored-text">Colored text</a>.  The third returns the background to normal,
-which is a transparent background.  (If that is not supported use
-<code class="code">\pagecolor{white}</code>, although that will make a white background
-rather than the default transparent background.)
+<p>These are the commands available with the <code class="code">graphics</code> and
+<code class="code">graphicx</code> packages.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted"> ...
-\pagecolor{cyan}
- ...
-\nopagecolor
-</pre></div>
 
 
+<ul class="mini-toc">
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\scalebox</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\resizebox</code></a></li>
+</ul>
 <hr>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Graphics">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cincludegraphics">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Special insertions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005crotatebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Graphics-1">22 Graphics</h2>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cincludegraphics-1"><span>21.3.1 <code class="code">\includegraphics</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-2"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package-2"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-including-graphics"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-importing-graphics"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EPS-files"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-JPEG-files"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-JPG-files"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PDF-graphic-files"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PNG-files"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cincludegraphics"></a>
 
-<p>You can use graphics such as PNG or PDF files in your LaTeX document.
-You need an additional package, which comes standard with LaTeX.
-This example is the short how-to.
+<p>Synopses for <code class="code">graphics</code> package:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+\includegraphics[<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+\includegraphics[<var class="var">llx</var>,<var class="var">lly</var>][<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+\includegraphics*{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+\includegraphics*[<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+\includegraphics*[<var class="var">llx</var>,<var class="var">lly</var>][<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Synopses for <code class="code">graphicx</code> package:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+\includegraphics[<var class="var">key-value list</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+\includegraphics*{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+\includegraphics*[<var class="var">key-value list</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Include a graphics file.  The starred form <code class="code">\includegraphics*</code> will
+clip the graphic to the size specified, while for the unstarred form any
+part of the graphic that is outside the box of the specified size will
+over-print the surrounding area.
+</p>
+<p>This 
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\include{graphicx}  % goes in the preamble
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage{graphicx}  % in preamble
   ...
-\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{plot.pdf}
+\begin{center}
+  \includegraphics{plot.pdf}
+\end{center}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>To use the commands described here your document preamble must contain
-either <code class="code">\usepackage{graphicx}</code> or
-<code class="code">\usepackage{graphics}</code>. Most of the time, <code class="code">graphicx</code> is the
-better choice.
+<p>will incorporate into the document the graphic in <samp class="file">plot.pdf</samp>,
+centered and at its nominal size.  You can also give a path to the file,
+as with <code class="code">\includegraphics{graphics/plot.pdf}</code>.  To specify a list
+of locations to search for the file, see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath"><code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a>.
 </p>
-<p>Graphics come in two main types, raster and vector.  LaTeX can use
-both.  In raster graphics the file contains an entry for each location
-in an array, describing what color it is.  An example is a photograph
-in JPG format.  In vector graphics, the file contains a list of
-instructions such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">draw a circle with this radius and that
-center</samp>&rsquo;.  An example is a line drawing produced by the Asymptote
-program, in PDF format.  Generally vector graphics are more useful
-because you can rescale their size without pixelation or other problems,
-and because they often have a smaller size.
+<p>If your filename includes spaces then put it in double quotes. An example
+is <code class="code">\includegraphics{&quot;sister picture.jpg&quot;}</code>.
 </p>
-<p>There are systems particularly well-suited to make graphics for a
-LaTeX document.  For example, these allow you to use the same fonts
-as in your document.  LaTeX comes with a <code class="code">picture</code> environment
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#picture"><code class="code">picture</code></a>) that has simple capabilities.  Besides that, there are
-other ways to include the graphic-making commands in the document.  Two
-such systems are the PSTricks and TikZ packages.  There are also systems
-external to LaTeX, that generate a graphic that you include using the
-commands of this chapter.  Two that use a programming language are
-Asymptote and MetaPost.  One that uses a graphical interface is Xfig.
-Full description of these systems is outside the scope of this document;
-see their documentation on CTAN.
+<p>The <code class="code">\includegraphics{<var class="var">filename</var>}</code> command decides on the
+type of graphic by splitting <var class="var">filename</var> on the first dot.  You can
+instead use <var class="var">filename</var> with no dot, as in
+<code class="code">\includegraphics{turing}</code>, and then LaTeX tries a sequence of
+extensions such as <code class="code">.png</code> and <code class="code">.pdf</code> until it finds a file
+with that extension (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a>).
 </p>
+<p>If your file name contains dots before the extension then you can hide
+them with curly braces, as in
+<code class="code">\includegraphics{{plot.2018.03.12.a}.pdf}</code>.  Or, if you use
+the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package then you can use the options <code class="code">type</code> and
+<code class="code">ext</code>; see below.  This and other filename issues are also handled
+with the package <samp class="file">grffile</samp>.
+</p>
+<p>This example puts a graphic in a <code class="code">figure</code> environment so LaTeX can
+move it to the next page if fitting it on the current page is awkward
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#figure"><code class="code">figure</code></a>).
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{figure}
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{lungxray.jpg}
+  \caption{The evidence is overwhelming: don't smoke.}  \label{fig:xray}
+\end{figure}
+</pre></div>
 
-
-<ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#Graphics-package-options" accesskey="1"><code class="code">graphics</code> package options</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="2"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="3">Commands for graphics</a></li>
-</ul>
-<hr>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Graphics-package-options">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="graphics-package-options">22.1 <code class="code">graphics</code> package options</h3>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package-options"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-graphics-package"></a>
-
-<p>Synopsis (must be in the document preamble):
+<p>This places a graphic that will not float, so it is sure to appear at
+this point in the document even if makes LaTeX stretch the text or
+resort to blank areas on the page.  It will be centered and will have a
+caption.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[<var class="var">comma-separated option list</var>]{graphics}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage{caption}  % in preamble
+  ...
+\begin{center}
+  \includegraphics{pix/nix.png}
+  \captionof{figure}{The spirit of the night} \label{pix:nix} % optional
+\end{center}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>or
+<p>This example puts a box with a graphic side by side with one having
+text, with the two vertically centered.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[<var class="var">comma-separated option list</var>]{graphicx}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcommand*{\vcenteredhbox}[1]{\begin{tabular}{@{}c@{}}#1\end{tabular}}
+  ...
+\begin{center}
+  \vcenteredhbox{\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{plot}}
+  \hspace{1em}
+  \vcenteredhbox{\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth}
+                   \begin{displaymath}
+                     f(x)=x\cdot \sin (1/x)
+                   \end{displaymath}
+                 \end{minipage}}
+\end{center}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The <code class="code">graphicx</code> package has a format for optional arguments to the
-<code class="code">\includegraphics</code> command that is convenient (it is the key-value
-format), so it is the better choice for new documents.  When you load
-the <code class="code">graphics</code> or <code class="code">graphicx</code> package with <code class="code">\usepackage</code>
-there are two kinds of available options.
+<p>If you use the <code class="code">graphics</code> package then the only options involve the
+size of the graphic (but see <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005crotatebox"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a> and <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cscalebox"><code class="code">\scalebox</code></a>).
+When one optional argument is present then it is
+<code class="code">[<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]</code> and it gives the coordinates of the top
+right corner of the image, as a pair of TeX dimensions (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>).  If the units are omitted they default to <code class="code">bp</code>.  In
+this case, the lower left corner of the image is assumed to be at (0,0).
+If two optional arguments are present then the leading one is
+<code class="code">[<var class="var">llx</var>,<var class="var">lly</var>]</code>, specifying the coordinates of the image&rsquo;s
+lower left.  Thus, <code class="code">\includegraphics[1in,0.618in]{...}</code> calls for
+the graphic to be placed so it is 1&nbsp;inch wide and 0.618&nbsp;inches
+tall and so its origin is at (0,0).
 </p>
-<p>The first is that LaTeX does not contain information about different
-output systems but instead depends on information stored in a
-<em class="dfn">printer driver</em> file.  Normally you should not specify the driver
-option in the document, and instead rely on your system&rsquo;s default. One
-advantage of this is that it makes the document portable across systems.
+<p>The <code class="code">graphicx</code> package gives you many more options.  Specify them
+in a key-value form, as here.
 </p>
-<p>For completeness here is a list of the drivers.  The currently relevant
-ones are: <samp class="file">dvipdfmx</samp>, <samp class="file">dvips</samp>, <samp class="file">dvisvgm</samp>, <samp class="file">luatex</samp>,
-<samp class="file">pdftex</samp>, <samp class="file">xetex</samp>.  The two <samp class="file">xdvi</samp> and <samp class="file">oztex</samp> are
-essentially aliases for <samp class="file">dvips</samp> (and <samp class="file">xdvi</samp> is monochrome).
-Ones that should not be used for new systems are: <samp class="file">dvipdf</samp>,
-<samp class="file">dvipdfm</samp>, <samp class="file">dviwin</samp>, <samp class="file">dvipsone</samp>, <samp class="file">emtex</samp>,
-<samp class="file">pctexps</samp>, <samp class="file">pctexwin</samp>, <samp class="file">pctexhp</samp>, <samp class="file">pctex32</samp>,
-<samp class="file">truetex</samp>, <samp class="file">tcidvi</samp>, <samp class="file">vtex</samp> (and <samp class="file">dviwindo</samp> is an
-alias for <samp class="file">dvipsone</samp>).  These are stored in files with a
-<samp class="file">.def</samp> extension, such as <samp class="file">pdftex.def</samp>.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{center}
+  \includegraphics[width=1in,angle=90]{lion}
+  \hspace{2em}
+  \includegraphics[angle=90,width=1in]{lion}
+\end{center}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The options are read left-to-right. So the first graphic above is made
+one inch wide and then rotated, while the second is rotated and then
+made one inch wide.  Thus, unless the graphic is perfectly square, the
+two will end with different widths and heights.
 </p>
-<p>The second kind of options are below.
+<p>There are many options.  The primary ones are listed first.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bounding-box"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-box_002c-bounding"></a>
+<p>Note that a graphic is placed by LaTeX into a box, which is
+traditionally referred to as its <em class="dfn">bounding box</em> (distinct from the
+PostScript BoundingBox described below).  The graphic&rsquo;s printed area may
+go beyond this box, or sit inside this box, but when LaTeX makes up a
+page it puts together boxes and this is the box allocated for the
+graphic.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt><code class="code">demo</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Instead of an image file, LaTeX puts in a 150&nbsp;pt by 100&nbsp;pt
-rectangle (unless another size is specified in the
-<code class="code">\includegraphics</code> command).
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-width"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">width</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The graphic will be shown so its bounding box is this width.  An example
+is <code class="code">\includegraphics[width=1in]{plot}</code>.  You can use the standard
+TeX dimensions (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>) and also convenient is
+<code class="code">\linewidth</code>, or in a two-column document, <code class="code">\columnwidth</code>
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a>).  An example is that by using the
+<samp class="file">calc</samp> package you can make the graphic be 1&nbsp;cm narrower than
+the width of the text with
+<code class="code">\includegraphics[width=\linewidth-1.0cm]{hefferon.jpg}</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">draft</code></dt>
-<dd><p>For each graphic file, it is not shown but instead its file name is
-printed in a box of the correct size.  In order to determine the size,
-the file must be present.
+<dt><code class="code">height</code></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-height"></a><p>The graphic will be shown so its bounding box is this height.  You can
+use the standard TeX dimensions (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>), and also
+convenient are <code class="code">\pageheight</code> and <code class="code">\textheight</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a>).  For instance, the command
+<code class="code">\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{godel}</code> will make the
+graphic a quarter of the height of the text area.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">final</code></dt>
-<dd><p>(Default) Override any previous <code class="code">draft</code> option, so that the
-document shows the contents of the graphic files.
+<dt><code class="code">totalheight</code></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-totalheight"></a><p>The graphic will be shown so its bounding box has this height plus
+depth.  This differs from the height if the graphic was rotated. For
+instance, if it has been rotated by -90 then it will have zero height
+but a large depth.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">hiderotate</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Do not show rotated text.  (This allows for the possibility that a
-previewer does not have the capability to rotate text.)
+<dt><code class="code">keepaspectratio</code></dt>
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-keepaspectratio"></a><p>If set to <code class="code">true</code>, or just specified as here
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">\includegraphics[...,keepaspectratio,...]{...}</code>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>and you give as options both <code class="code">width</code> and <code class="code">height</code> (or
+<code class="code">totalheight</code>), then LaTeX will make the graphic is as large as
+possible without distortion. That is, LaTeX will ensure that neither
+is the graphic wider than <code class="code">width</code> nor taller than <code class="code">height</code> (or
+<code class="code">totalheight</code>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">hidescale</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Do not show scaled text.  (This allows for the possibility that a
-previewer does not have the capability to scale.)
+<dt><code class="code">scale</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Factor by which to scale the graphic.  To make a graphic twice its
+nominal size, enter <code class="code">\includegraphics[scale=2.0]{...}</code>.  This
+number may be any value; a number between 0 and&nbsp;1 will shrink the
+graphic and a negative number will reflect it.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">hiresbb</code></dt>
-<dd><p>In a PS or EPS file the graphic size may be specified in two ways.  The
-<code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code> lines describe the graphic size using integer
-multiples of a PostScript point, that is, integer multiples of 1/72
-inch.  A later addition to the PostScript language allows decimal
-multiples, such as 1.23, in <code class="code">%%HiResBoundingBox</code> lines.  This
-option has LaTeX to read the size from the latter.
+<dt><code class="code">angle</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Rotate the graphic.  The angle is taken in degrees and counterclockwise.
+The graphic is rotated about its <code class="code">origin</code>; see that option.  For a
+complete description of how rotated material is typeset,
+see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005crotatebox"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-</dl>
-
-
-<hr>
-</div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Graphics-package-configuration">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Commands for graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Graphics-package-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">graphics</code> package options</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="graphics-package-configuration">22.2 <code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</h3>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration_002c-graphics-package"></a>
-
-<p>These commands configure the way LaTeX searches the file system for
-the graphic.
+<dt><code class="code">origin</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The point of the graphic about which the rotation happens.  Possible
+values are any string containing one or two of: <code class="code">l</code> for left,
+<code class="code">r</code> for right, <code class="code">b</code> for bottom, <code class="code">c</code> for center, <code class="code">t</code>
+for top, and <code class="code">B</code> for baseline.  Thus, entering the command
+<code class="code">\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=c]{moon}</code> will turn the
+picture upside down about that picture&rsquo;s center, while the command
+<code class="code">\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=lB]{LeBateau}</code> will turn its
+picture upside down about its left baseline.  (The character <code class="code">c</code>
+gives the horizontal center in <code class="code">bc</code> or <code class="code">tc</code>, but gives the
+vertical center in <code class="code">lc</code> or <code class="code">rc</code>.)  The default is <code class="code">lB</code>.
 </p>
-<p>The behavior of file system search code is necessarily platform
-dependent.  In this document we cover GNU/Linux, Macintosh, and Windows, as
-those systems are typically configured.  For other situations consult
-the documentation in <samp class="file">grfguide.pdf</samp>, or the LaTeX source, or your
-TeX distribution&rsquo;s documentation.
+<p>To rotate about an arbitrary point, see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005crotatebox"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a>.
 </p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
 
-
-<ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a></li>
-</ul>
-<hr>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cgraphicspath">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cgraphicspath-1">22.2.1 <code class="code">\graphicspath</code></h4>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cgraphicspath"></a>
-
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>These are lesser-used options.
+</p>
+<dl class="table">
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-viewport"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">viewport</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Pick out a subregion of the graphic to show.  Takes four arguments,
+separated by spaces and given in TeX dimensions, as with
+<code class="code">\includegraphics[.., viewport=0in 0in 1in 0.618in]{...}</code>.  When
+the unit is omitted, the dimensions default to big
+points,&nbsp;<code class="code">bp</code>.  They are taken relative to the origin specified
+by the bounding box.  See also the <code class="code">trim</code> option.
+</p>
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-trim"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">trim</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Gives parts of the graphic to not show.  Takes four arguments, separated
+by spaces, that are given in TeX dimensions, as with
+<code class="code">\includegraphics[.., trim= 0in 0.1in 0.2in 0.3in, ...]{...}</code>.
+These give the amounts of the graphic not to show, that is, LaTeX
+will crop the picture by 0&nbsp;inches on the left, 0.1&nbsp;inches on
+the bottom, 0.2&nbsp;inches on the right, and 0.3&nbsp;inches on the
+top.  See also the <code class="code">viewport</code> option.
+</p>
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-clip"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">clip</code></dt>
+<dd><p>If set to <code class="code">true</code>, or just specified as here
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\graphicspath{<var class="var">list of directories inside curly braces</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,clip,...]{...}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Declare a list of directories to search for graphics files.  This allows
-you to later say something like <code class="code">\includegraphics{lion.png}</code>
-instead of having to give its path.
+<p>then the graphic is cropped to the bounding box.  This is the same as
+using the starred form of the command,
+<code class="code">\includegraphics*[...]{...}</code>.
 </p>
-<p>LaTeX always looks for graphic files first in the current directory
-(and the output directory, if specified; see <a class="pxref" href="#output-directory">output directory</a>).
-The declaration below tells the system to then look in the
-subdirectory <samp class="file">pix</samp>, and then <samp class="file">../pix</samp>.
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-page"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">page</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Give the page number of a multi-page PDF file.  The default is
+<code class="code">page=1</code>.
+</p>
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-pagebox"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">pagebox</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Specifies which bounding box to use for PDF files from among
+<code class="code">mediabox</code>, <code class="code">cropbox</code>, <code class="code">bleedbox</code>, <code class="code">trimbox</code>, or
+<code class="code">artbox</code>.  PDF files do not have the BoundingBox that PostScript
+files have, but may specify up to four predefined rectangles. The
+MediaBox gives the boundaries of the physical medium. The CropBox is the
+region to which the contents of the page are to be clipped when
+displayed.  The BleedBox is the region to which the contents of the page
+should be clipped in production. The TrimBox is the intended dimensions
+of the finished page.  The ArtBox is the extent of the page&rsquo;s meaningful
+content.  The driver will set the image size based on CropBox if
+present, otherwise it will not use one of the others, with a
+driver-defined order of preference.  MediaBox is always present.
+</p>
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-interpolate"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">interpolate</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Enable or disable interpolation of raster images by the viewer.  Can be
+set with <code class="code">interpolate=true</code> or just specified as here.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage{graphicx}   % or graphics; put in preamble
-  ...
-\graphicspath{ {pix/} {../pix/} }
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,interpolate,...]{...}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The <code class="code">\graphicspath</code> declaration is optional.  If you don&rsquo;t include
-it then LaTeX&rsquo;s default is to search all of the places that it
-usually looks for a file (it uses LaTeX&rsquo;s <code class="code">\input@path</code>).  In
-particular, in this case one of the places it looks is the current
-directory.
-</p>
-<p>Enclose each directory name in curly braces; for example, above it says
-&lsquo;<samp class="samp"><code class="code">{pix}</code></samp>&rsquo;.  Do this even if there is only one directory.
-Each directory name must end in a forward slash, <samp class="file">/</samp>.  This is true
-even on Windows, where good practice is to use forward slashes for all
-the directory separators since it makes the document portable to other
-platforms.  If you have spaces in your directory name then use double
-quotes, as with <code class="code">{&quot;my docs/&quot;}</code>. Getting one of these rules wrong
-will cause LaTeX to report <code class="code">Error: File `<var class="var">filename</var>' not
-found</code>.
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-quiet"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">quiet</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Do not write information to the log.  You can set it with
+<code class="code">quiet=true</code> or just specified it with
+<code class="code">\includegraphics[...,quiet,...]{...}</code>,
 </p>
-<p>Basically, the algorithm is that with this example, after looking in the
-current directory,
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-draft"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">draft</code></dt>
+<dd><p>If you set it with <code class="code">draft=true</code> or just specify it with
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\graphicspath{ {pix/} {../pix/} }
-...
-\usepackage{lion.png}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,draft,...]{...}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>for each of the listed directories, LaTeX concatenates it with the
-filename and searches for the result, checking for <samp class="file">pix/lion.png</samp>
-and then <samp class="file">../pix/lion.png</samp>.  This algorithm means that the
-<code class="code">\graphicspath</code> command does not recursively search subdirectories:
-if you issue <code class="code">\graphicspath{{a/}}</code> and the graphic is in
-<samp class="file">a/b/lion.png</samp> then LaTeX will not find it.  It also means that
-you can use absolute paths such as
-<code class="code">\graphicspath{{/home/jim/logos/}}</code> or
-<code class="code">\graphicspath{{C:/Users/Albert/Pictures/}}</code>.  However, using
-these means that the document is not portable.  (You could preserve
-portability by adjusting your TeX system settings configuration file
-parameter <code class="code">TEXINPUTS</code>; see the documentation of your system.)
+<p>then the graphic will not appear in the document, possibly saving color
+printer ink.  Instead, LaTeX will put an empty box of the correct
+size with the filename printed in it.
 </p>
-<p>You can use <code class="code">\graphicspath</code> anywhere in the document.  You can use
-it more than once.  Show its value with
-<code class="code">\makeatletter\typeout{\Ginput@path}\makeatother</code>.
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>These options address the bounding box for Encapsulated PostScript
+graphic files, which have a size specified with a line
+<code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code> that appears in the file.  It has four values,
+giving the lower <em class="math">x</em> coordinate, lower <em class="math">y</em> coordinate, upper
+<em class="math">x</em> coordinate, and upper <em class="math">y</em> coordinate.  The units are
+PostScript points, equivalent to TeX&rsquo;s big points, 1/72&nbsp;inch.
+For example, if an <samp class="file">.eps</samp> file has the line <code class="code">%%BoundingBox 10
+20 40 80</code> then its natural size is 30/72&nbsp;inch wide by
+60/72&nbsp;inch tall.
 </p>
-<p>The directories are taken with respect to the base file.  That is,
-suppose that you are working on a document based on <samp class="file">book/book.tex</samp>
-and it contains <code class="code">\include{chapters/chap1}</code>.  If in
-<samp class="file">chap1.tex</samp> you put <code class="code">\graphicspath{{plots/}}</code> then
-LaTeX will not search for graphics in <samp class="file">book/chapters/plots</samp>, but
-instead in <samp class="file">book/plots</samp>.
+<dl class="table">
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bb"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">bb</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Specify the bounding box of the displayed region.  The argument is four
+dimensions separated by spaces, as with <code class="code">\includegraphics[.., bb=
+0in 0in 1in 0.618in]{...}</code>.  Usually <code class="code">\includegraphics</code> reads the
+BoundingBox numbers from the EPS file automatically, so this option is
+only useful if the bounding box is missing from that file or if you want
+to change it.
 </p>
-
-<hr>
-</div>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions-1">22.2.2 <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></h4>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions"></a>
-
-<p>Synopses:
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bbllx"></a><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bblly"></a><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bburx"></a><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bbury"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">bbllx, bblly, bburx, bbury</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the bounding box.  These four are obsolete, but are retained for
+compatibility with old packages.
+</p>
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-natwidth"></a><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-natheight"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">natwidth, natheight</code></dt>
+<dd><p>An alternative for <code class="code">bb</code>.  Setting
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{<var class="var">comma-separated list of file extensions</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,natwidth=1in,natheight=0.618in,...]{...}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Declare the filename extensions to try.  This allows you to specify the
-order in which to choose graphic formats when you include graphic files
-by giving the filename without the extension, as in
-<code class="code">\includegraphics{functionplot}</code>.
-</p>
-<p>In this example, LaTeX will find files in the PNG format before PDF
-files.
+<p>is the same as setting <code class="code">bb=0 0 1in 0.618in</code>.
+</p> 
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-hiresbb"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">hiresbb</code></dt>
+<dd><p>If set to <code class="code">true</code>, or just specified as with
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.png,PNG,.pdf,.PDF}
-  ...
-\includegraphics{lion}   % will find <samp class="file">lion.png</samp> before <samp class="file">lion.pdf</samp> 
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,hiresbb,...]{...}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Because the filename <samp class="file">lion</samp> does not have a period, LaTeX uses
-the extension list.  For each directory in the graphics path
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath"><code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a>), LaTeX will try the extensions in the order
-given.  If it does not find such a file after trying all the directories
-and extensions then it reports &lsquo;<samp class="samp">! LaTeX Error: File `<samp class="file">lion</samp>'
-not found</samp>&rsquo;.  Note that you must include the periods at the start of the
-extensions.
+<p>then LaTeX will look for <code class="code">%%HiResBoundingBox</code> lines instead of
+<code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code> lines.  (The <code class="code">BoundingBox</code> lines use only
+natural numbers while the <code class="code">HiResBoundingBox</code> lines use decimals;
+both use units equivalent to TeX&rsquo;s big points, 1/72&nbsp;inch.) To
+override a prior setting of <code class="code">true</code>, you can set it to <code class="code">false</code>.
 </p>
-<p>Because GNU/Linux and Macintosh filenames are case sensitive, the list of
-file extensions is case sensitive on those platforms.  The Windows
-platform is not case sensitive.
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>These following options allow a user to override LaTeX&rsquo;s method of
+choosing the graphic type based on the filename extension.  An example
+is that <code class="code">\includegraphics[type=png,ext=.xyz,read=.xyz]{lion}</code>
+will read the file <samp class="file">lion.xyz</samp> as though it were
+<samp class="file">lion.png</samp>. For more on these, see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a>.
 </p>
-<p>You are not required to include <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code> in
-your document; the printer driver has a sensible default.  For example,
-the most recent <samp class="file">pdftex.def</samp> has this extension list.
+<dl class="table">
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-type"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">type</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Specify the graphics type.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.jpeg,.jbig2,.jb2,.PDF,.PNG,.JPG,.JPEG,.JBIG2,.JB2
-</pre></div>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-grfext"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-grfext-package"></a>
-
-<p>To change the order, use the <code class="code">grfext</code> package.
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-ext"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">ext</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Specify the graphics extension.
+Only use this in conjunction with the option <code class="code">type</code>.
 </p>
-<p>You can use this command anywhere in the document.  You can use it more
-than once.  Show its value with
-<code class="code">\makeatletter\typeout{\Gin@extensions}\makeatother</code>.
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-read"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">read</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Specify the file extension of the read file.
+Only use this in conjunction with the option <code class="code">type</code>.
 </p>
+<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-command"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">command</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Specify a command to be applied to this file.  Only use this in
+conjunction with the option <code class="code">type</code>.  See <a class="xref" href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a>,
+for a discussion of enabling the <code class="code">\write18</code> functionality to run
+external commands.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005crotatebox">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cscalebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\scalebox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule-1">22.2.3 <code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005crotatebox-1"><span>21.3.2 <code class="code">\rotatebox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005crotatebox-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDeclareGraphicsRule"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rotation"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rotating-graphics"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rotating-text"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crotatebox"></a>
 
-<p>Synopsis:
+<p>Synopsis if you use the <code class="code">graphics</code> package:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsRule{<var class="var">extension</var>}{<var class="var">type</var>}{<var class="var">size-file extension</var>}{<var class="var">command</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\rotatebox{<var class="var">angle</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Declare how to handle graphic files whose names end in <var class="var">extension</var>.
+<p>Synopses if you use the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package:
 </p>
-<p>This example declares that all files with names of the form
-<samp class="file">filename-without-dot.mps</samp> will be treated as output from MetaPost,
-meaning that the printer driver will use its MetaPost-handling code to
-input the file.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\rotatebox{<var class="var">angle</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
+\rotatebox[<var class="var">key-value list</var>]{<var class="var">angle</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Put <var class="var">material</var> in a box and rotate it <var class="var">angle</var> degrees
+counterclockwise.
+</p>
+<p>This example rotates the table column heads forty-five degrees.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsRule{.mps}{mps}{.mps}{}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{tabular}{ll}
+  \rotatebox{45}{Character} &amp;\rotatebox{45}{NATO phonetic}   \\
+  A                         &amp;AL-FAH  \\
+  B                         &amp;BRAH-VOH
+\end{tabular}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>This
+<p>The <var class="var">material</var> can be anything that goes in a box, including a graphic.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\DeclareGraphicsRule{*}{mps}{*}{}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">  \rotatebox[origin=c]{45}{\includegraphics[width=1in]{lion}}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>tells LaTeX that it should handle as MetaPost output any file with an
-extension not covered by another rule, so it covers <samp class="file">filename.1</samp>,
-<samp class="file">filename.2</samp>, etc.
+<p>To place the rotated material, the first step is that LaTeX sets
+<var class="var">material</var> in a box, with a reference point on the left baseline.
+The second step is the rotation, by default about the reference point.
+The third step is that LaTeX computes a box to bound the rotated
+material.  Fourth, LaTeX moves this box horizontally so that the left
+edge of this new bounding box coincides with the left edge of the box
+from the first step (they need not coincide vertically).  This new
+bounding box, in its new position, is what LaTeX uses as the box when
+typesetting this material.
 </p>
-<p>This describes the four arguments.
+<p>If you use the <code class="code">graphics</code> package then the rotation is about the
+reference point of the box. If you use the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package
+then these are the options that can go in the <var class="var">key-value list</var>,
+but note that you can get the same effect without needing this
+package, except for the <code class="code">x</code> and <code class="code">y</code> options
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics"><code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a>).
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt><var class="var">extension</var></dt>
-<dd><p>The file extension to which this rule applies. The extension is anything
-after and including the first dot in the filename.  Use the Kleene star,
-<code class="code">*</code>, to denote the default behavior for all undeclared extensions.
+<dt><code class="code">origin</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The point of the <var class="var">material</var>&rsquo;s box about which the rotation happens.
+Possible value is any string containing one or two of: <code class="code">l</code> for
+left, <code class="code">r</code> for right, <code class="code">b</code> for bottom, <code class="code">c</code> for center,
+<code class="code">t</code> for top, and <code class="code">B</code> for baseline.  Thus, the first line here
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt><var class="var">type</var></dt>
-<dd><p>The type of file involved.  This type is a string that must be defined
-in the printer driver. For instance, files with extensions <samp class="file">.ps</samp>,
-<samp class="file">.eps</samp>, or <samp class="file">.ps.gz</samp> may all be classed as type <code class="code">eps</code>.
-All files of the same type will be input with the same internal command
-by the printer driver. For example, the file types that <samp class="file">pdftex</samp>
-recognizes are: <code class="code">jpg</code>, <code class="code">jbig2</code>, <code class="code">mps</code>, <code class="code">pdf</code>,
-<code class="code">png</code>, <code class="code">tif</code>.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{moon}
+\rotatebox[origin=lB]{180}{LeBateau}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will turn the picture upside down from the center while the second will
+turn its picture upside down about its left baseline.  (The character
+<code class="code">c</code> gives the horizontal center in <code class="code">bc</code> or <code class="code">tc</code> but gives
+the vertical center in <code class="code">lc</code> or <code class="code">rc</code>, and gives both in
+<code class="code">c</code>.)  The default is <code class="code">lB</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><var class="var">size-file extension</var></dt>
-<dd><p>The extension of the file to be read to determine the size of the
-graphic, if there is such a file. It may be the same as <var class="var">extension</var>
-but it may be different.
-</p>
-<p>As an example, consider a PostScript graphic.  To make it smaller, it
-might be compressed into a <samp class="file">.ps.gz</samp> file.  Compressed files are not
-easily read by LaTeX so you can put the bounding box information in a
-separate file. If <var class="var">size-file extension</var> is empty then you must
-specify size information in the arguments of <code class="code">\includegraphics</code>.
-</p>
-<p>If the driver file has a procedure for reading size files for
-<code class="code">type</code> then that will be used, otherwise it will use the procedure
-for reading <samp class="file">.eps</samp> files.  (Thus you may specify the size of bitmap
-files in a file with a PostScript style <code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code> line if no
-other format is available.)
+<dt><code class="code">x, y</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Specify an arbitrary point of rotation with
+<code class="code">\rotatebox[x=<var class="var">TeX dimension</var>,y=<var class="var">TeX
+dimension</var>]{...}</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>).  These give the offset
+from the box&rsquo;s reference point.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><var class="var">command</var></dt>
-<dd><p>A command that will be applied to the file. This is often left
-empty. This command must start with a single backward quote.  Thus,
-<code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule{.eps.gz}{eps}{.eps.bb}{`gunzip -c
-#1}</code> specifies that any file with the extension <samp class="file">.eps.gz</samp> should
-be treated as an <code class="code">eps</code> file, with the BoundingBox information
-stored in the file with extension <samp class="file">.eps.bb</samp>, and that the command
-<code class="code">gunzip -c</code> will run on your platform to decompresses the file.
-</p>
-<p>Such a command is specific to your platform.  In addition, your TeX
-system must allow you to run external commands; as a security measure
-modern systems restrict running commands unless you explicitly allow it.
-See the documentation for your TeX distribution.
+<dt><code class="code">units</code></dt>
+<dd><p>This key allows you to change the default of degrees counterclockwise.
+Setting <code class="code">units=-360</code> changes the direction to degrees clockwise and
+setting <code class="code">units=6.283185</code> changes to radians counterclockwise.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 
-<hr>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Commands-for-graphics">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Previous: <a href="#Graphics-package-configuration" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">graphics</code> package configuration</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Commands-for-graphics-1">22.3 Commands for graphics</h3>
-
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package-commands"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-commands_002c-graphics-package"></a>
-
-<p>These are the commands available with the <code class="code">graphics</code> and
-<code class="code">graphicx</code> packages.
-</p>
-
 
-<ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="1"><code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox" accesskey="2"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox" accesskey="3"><code class="code">\scalebox</code></a></li>
-<li><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox" accesskey="4"><code class="code">\resizebox</code></a></li>
-</ul>
 <hr>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cincludegraphics">
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cscalebox">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005crotatebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cresizebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\resizebox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005crotatebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cincludegraphics-1">22.3.1 <code class="code">\includegraphics</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cscalebox-1"><span>21.3.3 <code class="code">\scalebox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cscalebox-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-2"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-package-2"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-including-graphics"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-importing-graphics"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EPS-files"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-JPEG-files"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-JPG-files"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PDF-graphic-files"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PNG-files"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cincludegraphics"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics_002c-scaling"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics_002c-resizing"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaling"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resizing"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-text_002c-scaling"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-text_002c-resizing"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cscalebox"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005creflectbox"></a>
 
-<p>Synopses for <code class="code">graphics</code> package:
+<p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics{<var class="var">filename</var>}
-\includegraphics[<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
-\includegraphics[<var class="var">llx</var>,<var class="var">lly</var>][<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
-\includegraphics*{<var class="var">filename</var>}
-\includegraphics*[<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
-\includegraphics*[<var class="var">llx</var>,<var class="var">lly</var>][<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\scalebox{<var class="var">horizontal factor</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
+\scalebox{<var class="var">horizontal factor</var>}[<var class="var">vertical factor</var>]{<var class="var">material</var>}
+\reflectbox{<var class="var">material</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Synopses for <code class="code">graphicx</code> package:
+<p>Scale the <var class="var">material</var>.
+</p>
+<p>This example halves the size, both horizontally and vertically, of the
+first text and doubles the size of the second.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics{<var class="var">filename</var>}
-\includegraphics[<var class="var">key-value list</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
-\includegraphics*{<var class="var">filename</var>}
-\includegraphics*[<var class="var">key-value list</var>]{<var class="var">filename</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\scalebox{0.5}{DRINK ME} and \scalebox{2.0}{Eat Me}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Include a graphics file.  The starred form <code class="code">\includegraphics*</code> will
-clip the graphic to the size specified, while for the unstarred form any
-part of the graphic that is outside the box of the specified size will
-over-print the surrounding area.
+<p>If you do not specify the optional <var class="var">vertical factor</var> then it
+defaults to the same value as the <var class="var">horizontal factor</var>.
 </p>
-<p>This 
+<p>You can use this command to resize a graphic, as here.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage{graphicx}  % in preamble
-  ...
-\begin{center}
-  \includegraphics{plot.pdf}
-\end{center}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\scalebox{0.5}{\includegraphics{lion}}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>will incorporate into the document the graphic in <samp class="file">plot.pdf</samp>,
-centered and at its nominal size.  You can also give a path to the file,
-as with <code class="code">\includegraphics{graphics/plot.pdf}</code>.  To specify a list
-of locations to search for the file, see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath"><code class="code">\graphicspath</code></a>.
-</p>
-<p>If your filename includes spaces then put it in double quotes. An example
-is <code class="code">\includegraphics{&quot;sister picture.jpg&quot;}</code>.
-</p>
-<p>The <code class="code">\includegraphics{<var class="var">filename</var>}</code> command decides on the
-type of graphic by splitting <var class="var">filename</var> on the first dot.  You can
-instead use <var class="var">filename</var> with no dot, as in
-<code class="code">\includegraphics{turing}</code>, and then LaTeX tries a sequence of
-extensions such as <code class="code">.png</code> and <code class="code">.pdf</code> until it finds a file
-with that extension (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a>).
-</p>
-<p>If your file name contains dots before the extension then you can hide
-them with curly braces, as in
-<code class="code">\includegraphics{{plot.2018.03.12.a}.pdf}</code>.  Or, if you use
-the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package then you can use the options <code class="code">type</code> and
-<code class="code">ext</code>; see below.  This and other filename issues are also handled
-with the package <samp class="file">grffile</samp>.
+<p>If you use the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package then you can accomplish the same
+thing with optional arguments to <code class="code">\includegraphics</code>
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics"><code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a>).
 </p>
-<p>This example puts a graphic in a <code class="code">figure</code> environment so LaTeX can
-move it to the next page if fitting it on the current page is awkward
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#figure"><code class="code">figure</code></a>).
+<p>The <code class="code">\reflectbox</code> command abbreviates
+<code class="code">\scalebox{-1}[1]{<var class="var">material</var>}</code>.  Thus, <code class="code">Able was
+I\reflectbox{Able was I}</code> will show the phrase &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Able was I</samp>&rsquo;
+immediately followed by its mirror reflection against a vertical axis.
 </p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{figure}
-  \centering
-  \includegraphics[width=3cm]{lungxray.jpg}
-  \caption{The evidence is overwhelming: don't smoke.}  \label{fig:xray}
-\end{figure}
-</pre></div>
 
-<p>This places a graphic that will not float, so it is sure to appear at
-this point in the document even if makes LaTeX stretch the text or
-resort to blank areas on the page.  It will be centered and will have a
-caption.
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cresizebox">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cscalebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\scalebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cresizebox-1"><span>21.3.4 <code class="code">\resizebox</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cresizebox-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics_002c-scaling-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics_002c-resizing-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaling-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resizing-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-text_002c-scaling-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-text_002c-resizing-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cresizebox"></a>
+
+<p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage{caption}  % in preamble
-  ...
-\begin{center}
-  \includegraphics{pix/nix.png}
-  \captionof{figure}{The spirit of the night} \label{pix:nix} % optional
-\end{center}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\resizebox{<var class="var">horizontal length</var>}{<var class="var">vertical length</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
+\resizebox*{<var class="var">horizontal length</var>}{<var class="var">vertical length</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>This example puts a box with a graphic side by side with one having
-text, with the two vertically centered.
+<p>Given a size, such as <code class="code">3cm</code>, transform <var class="var">material</var> to make it
+that size.  If either <var class="var">horizontal length</var> or <var class="var">vertical length</var>
+is an exclamation point&nbsp;<code class="code">!</code>  then the other argument is used
+to determine a scale factor for both directions.
+</p>
+<p>This example makes the graphic be a half inch wide and scales it
+vertically by the same factor to keep it from being distorted.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\newcommand*{\vcenteredhbox}[1]{\begin{tabular}{@{}c@{}}#1\end{tabular}}
-  ...
-\begin{center}
-  \vcenteredhbox{\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{plot}}
-  \hspace{1em}
-  \vcenteredhbox{\begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth}
-                   \begin{displaymath}
-                     f(x)=x\cdot \sin (1/x)
-                   \end{displaymath}
-                 \end{minipage}}
-\end{center}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\resizebox{0.5in}{!}{\includegraphics{lion}}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>If you use the <code class="code">graphics</code> package then the only options involve the
-size of the graphic (but see <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005crotatebox"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a> and <a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cscalebox"><code class="code">\scalebox</code></a>).
-When one optional argument is present then it is
-<code class="code">[<var class="var">urx</var>,<var class="var">ury</var>]</code> and it gives the coordinates of the top
-right corner of the image, as a pair of TeX dimensions (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>).  If the units are omitted they default to <code class="code">bp</code>.  In
-this case, the lower left corner of the image is assumed to be at (0,0).
-If two optional arguments are present then the leading one is
-<code class="code">[<var class="var">llx</var>,<var class="var">lly</var>]</code>, specifying the coordinates of the image&rsquo;s
-lower left.  Thus, <code class="code">\includegraphics[1in,0.618in]{...}</code> calls for
-the graphic to be placed so it is 1&nbsp;inch wide and 0.618&nbsp;inches
-tall and so its origin is at (0,0).
+<p>The unstarred form <code class="code">\resizebox</code> takes <var class="var">vertical length</var> to be
+the box&rsquo;s height while the starred form <code class="code">\resizebox*</code> takes it to
+be height+depth.  For instance, make the text have a height+depth of a
+quarter-inch with <code class="code">\resizebox*{!}{0.25in}{\parbox{3.5in}{This
+box has both height and depth.}}</code>.
 </p>
-<p>The <code class="code">graphicx</code> package gives you many more options.  Specify them
-in a key-value form, as here.
+<p>You can use <code class="code">\depth</code>, <code class="code">\height</code>, <code class="code">\totalheight</code>, and
+<code class="code">\width</code> to refer to the original size of the box.  Thus, make the
+text two inches wide but keep the original height with
+<code class="code">\resizebox{2in}{\height}{Two inches}</code>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Color">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Special insertions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Color-1"><span>22 Color<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color"></a>
+
+<p>You can add color to text, rules, etc.  You can also have color in a box
+or on an entire page and write text on top of it.
+</p>
+<p>Color support comes as an additional package.  So put
+<code class="code">\usepackage{color}</code> in your document preamble to use the
+commands described here.
+</p>
+<p>Many other packages also supplement LaTeX&rsquo;s color abilities.
+Particularly worth mentioning is <samp class="file">xcolor</samp>, which is widely used and
+significantly extends the capabilities described here, including adding
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">HTML</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Hsb</samp>&rsquo; color models.
+</p>
+
+
+<ul class="mini-toc">
+<li><a href="#Color-package-options" accesskey="1"><code class="code">color</code> package options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Color-models" accesskey="2">Color models</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="3">Commands for color</a></li>
+</ul>
+<hr>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Color-package-options">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Color-models" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color models</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="color-package-options"><span>22.1 <code class="code">color</code> package options<a class="copiable-link" href="#color-package-options"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-package-options"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-color-package"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis (must be in the document preamble):
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{center}
-  \includegraphics[width=1in,angle=90]{lion}
-  \hspace{2em}
-  \includegraphics[angle=90,width=1in]{lion}
-\end{center}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[<var class="var">comma-separated option list</var>]{color}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The options are read left-to-right. So the first graphic above is made
-one inch wide and then rotated, while the second is rotated and then
-made one inch wide.  Thus, unless the graphic is perfectly square, the
-two will end with different widths and heights.
+<p>When you load the <samp class="file">color</samp> package there are two kinds of available
+options.
 </p>
-<p>There are many options.  The primary ones are listed first.
+<p>The first specifies the <em class="dfn">printer driver</em>.  LaTeX doesn&rsquo;t contain
+information about different output systems but instead depends on
+information stored in a file.  Normally you should not specify the
+driver option in the document, and instead rely on your system&rsquo;s
+default. One advantage of this is that it makes the document portable
+across systems.  For completeness we include a list of the drivers.  The
+currently relevant ones are: <samp class="file">dvipdfmx</samp>, <samp class="file">dvips</samp>,
+<samp class="file">dvisvgm</samp>, <samp class="file">luatex</samp>, <samp class="file">pdftex</samp>, <samp class="file">xetex</samp>.  The two
+<samp class="file">xdvi</samp> and <samp class="file">oztex</samp> are essentially aliases for <samp class="file">dvips</samp>
+(and <samp class="file">xdvi</samp> is monochrome).  Ones that should not be used for new
+systems are: <samp class="file">dvipdf</samp>, <samp class="file">dvipdfm</samp>, <samp class="file">dviwin</samp>,
+<samp class="file">dvipsone</samp>, <samp class="file">emtex</samp>, <samp class="file">pctexps</samp>, <samp class="file">pctexwin</samp>,
+<samp class="file">pctexhp</samp>, <samp class="file">pctex32</samp>, <samp class="file">truetex</samp>, <samp class="file">tcidvi</samp>,
+<samp class="file">vtex</samp> (and <samp class="file">dviwindo</samp> is an alias for <samp class="file">dvipsone</samp>).
 </p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bounding-box"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-box_002c-bounding"></a>
-<p>Note that a graphic is placed by LaTeX into a box, which is
-traditionally referred to as its <em class="dfn">bounding box</em> (distinct from the
-PostScript BoundingBox described below).  The graphic&rsquo;s printed area may
-go beyond this box, or sit inside this box, but when LaTeX makes up a
-page it puts together boxes and this is the box allocated for the
-graphic.
+<p>The second kind of options, beyond the drivers, are below.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-width"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">width</code></dt>
-<dd><p>The graphic will be shown so its bounding box is this width.  An example
-is <code class="code">\includegraphics[width=1in]{plot}</code>.  You can use the standard
-TeX dimensions (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>) and also convenient is
-<code class="code">\linewidth</code>, or in a two-column document, <code class="code">\columnwidth</code>
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a>).  An example is that by using the
-<samp class="file">calc</samp> package you can make the graphic be 1&nbsp;cm narrower than
-the width of the text with
-<code class="code">\includegraphics[width=\linewidth-1.0cm]{hefferon.jpg}</code>.
+<dt><code class="code">monochrome</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Disable the color commands, so that they do not generate errors but do
+not generate color either.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">height</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-height"></a><p>The graphic will be shown so its bounding box is this height.  You can
-use the standard TeX dimensions (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>), and also
-convenient are <code class="code">\pageheight</code> and <code class="code">\textheight</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a>).  For instance, the command
-<code class="code">\includegraphics[height=0.25\textheight]{godel}</code> will make the
-graphic a quarter of the height of the text area.
+<dt><code class="code">dvipsnames</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Make available a list of 68 color names that are often used,
+particularly in legacy documents.  These color names were originally
+provided by the <samp class="file">dvips</samp> driver, giving the option name.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">totalheight</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-totalheight"></a><p>The graphic will be shown so its bounding box has this height plus
-depth.  This differs from the height if the graphic was rotated. For
-instance, if it has been rotated by -90 then it will have zero height
-but a large depth.
+<dt><code class="code">nodvipsnames</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Do not load that list of color names, saving LaTeX a tiny amount of
+memory space.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">keepaspectratio</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-keepaspectratio"></a><p>If set to <code class="code">true</code>, or just specified as here
-</p>
-<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">\includegraphics[...,keepaspectratio,...]{...}</code>
-</pre></div>
+</dl>
 
-<p>and you give as options both <code class="code">width</code> and <code class="code">height</code> (or
-<code class="code">totalheight</code>), then LaTeX will make the graphic is as large as
-possible without distortion. That is, LaTeX will ensure that neither
-is the graphic wider than <code class="code">width</code> nor taller than <code class="code">height</code> (or
-<code class="code">totalheight</code>).
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Color-models">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="n" rel="next">Commands for color</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color-package-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">color</code> package options</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="Color-models-1"><span>22.2 Color models<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-models-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-models"></a>
+
+<p>A <em class="dfn">color model</em> is a way of representing colors.  LaTeX&rsquo;s
+capabilities depend on the printer driver.  However, the <samp class="file">pdftex</samp>,
+<samp class="file">xetex</samp>, and <samp class="file">luatex</samp> printer drivers are today by far the
+most commonly used.  The models below work for those drivers.  All but
+one of these is also supported by essentially all other printer drivers
+used today.
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">scale</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Factor by which to scale the graphic.  To make a graphic twice its
-nominal size, enter <code class="code">\includegraphics[scale=2.0]{...}</code>.  This
-number may be any value; a number between 0 and&nbsp;1 will shrink the
-graphic and a negative number will reflect it.
+<p>Note that color combination can be additive or subtractive.  Additive
+mixes colors of light, so that for instance combining full intensities
+of red, green, and blue produces white.  Subtractive mixes pigments,
+such as with inks, so that combining full intensity of cyan, magenta,
+and yellow makes black.
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">angle</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Rotate the graphic.  The angle is taken in degrees and counterclockwise.
-The graphic is rotated about its <code class="code">origin</code>; see that option.  For a
-complete description of how rotated material is typeset,
-see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005crotatebox"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a>.
+<dl class="table">
+<dd><a class="anchor" id="color-models-cmyk"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">cmyk</code></dt>
+<dd><p>A comma-separated list with four real numbers between 0 and 1,
+inclusive.  The first number is the intensity of cyan, the second is
+magenta, and the others are yellow and black.  A number value of 0 means
+minimal intensity, while a 1 is for full intensity.  This model is often
+used in color printing.  It is a subtractive model.
 </p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">origin</code></dt>
-<dd><p>The point of the graphic about which the rotation happens.  Possible
-values are any string containing one or two of: <code class="code">l</code> for left,
-<code class="code">r</code> for right, <code class="code">b</code> for bottom, <code class="code">c</code> for center, <code class="code">t</code>
-for top, and <code class="code">B</code> for baseline.  Thus, entering the command
-<code class="code">\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=c]{moon}</code> will turn the
-picture upside down about that picture&rsquo;s center, while the command
-<code class="code">\includegraphics[angle=180,origin=lB]{LeBateau}</code> will turn its
-picture upside down about its left baseline.  (The character <code class="code">c</code>
-gives the horizontal center in <code class="code">bc</code> or <code class="code">tc</code>, but gives the
-vertical center in <code class="code">lc</code> or <code class="code">rc</code>.)  The default is <code class="code">lB</code>.
+<a class="anchor" id="color-models-gray"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">gray</code></dt>
+<dd><p>A single real number between 0 and 1, inclusive.  The colors are shades
+of grey.  The number 0 produces black while 1 gives white.
+</p>
+<a class="anchor" id="color-models-rgb"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">rgb</code></dt>
+<dd><p>A comma-separated list with three real numbers between 0 and 1,
+inclusive.  The first number is the intensity of the red component, the
+second is green, and the third the blue.  A number value of 0 means that
+none of that component is added in, while a 1 means full intensity.
+This is an additive model.
+</p>
+<a class="anchor" id="color-models-RGB"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">RGB</code></dt>
+<dd><p>(<samp class="file">pdftex</samp>, <samp class="file">xetex</samp>, <samp class="file">luatex</samp> drivers) A comma-separated
+list with three integers between 0 and 255, inclusive.  This model is a
+convenience for using <code class="code">rgb</code> since outside of LaTeX colors are
+often described in a red-green-blue model using numbers in this range.
+The values entered here are converted to the <code class="code">rgb</code> model by
+dividing by 255.
 </p>
-<p>To rotate about an arbitrary point, see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005crotatebox"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a>.
+<a class="anchor" id="color-models-named"></a></dd>
+<dt><code class="code">named</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Colors are accessed by name, such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">PrussianBlue</samp>&rsquo;.  The list of
+names depends on the driver, but all support the names &lsquo;<samp class="samp">black</samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">blue</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">cyan</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">green</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">magenta</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">red</samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">white</samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">yellow</samp>&rsquo; (See the <code class="code">dvipsnames</code> option in
+<a class="ref" href="#Color-package-options"><code class="code">color</code> package options</a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 
-<p>These are lesser-used options.
-</p>
-<dl class="table">
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-viewport"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">viewport</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Pick out a subregion of the graphic to show.  Takes four arguments,
-separated by spaces and given in TeX dimensions, as with
-<code class="code">\includegraphics[.., viewport=0in 0in 1in 0.618in]{...}</code>.  When
-the unit is omitted, the dimensions default to big
-points,&nbsp;<code class="code">bp</code>.  They are taken relative to the origin specified
-by the bounding box.  See also the <code class="code">trim</code> option.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-trim"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">trim</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Gives parts of the graphic to not show.  Takes four arguments, separated
-by spaces, that are given in TeX dimensions, as with
-<code class="code">\includegraphics[.., trim= 0in 0.1in 0.2in 0.3in, ...]{...}</code>.
-These give the amounts of the graphic not to show, that is, LaTeX
-will crop the picture by 0&nbsp;inches on the left, 0.1&nbsp;inches on
-the bottom, 0.2&nbsp;inches on the right, and 0.3&nbsp;inches on the
-top.  See also the <code class="code">viewport</code> option.
+
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Commands-for-color">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Color-models" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color models</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="Commands-for-color-1"><span>22.3 Commands for color<a class="copiable-link" href="#Commands-for-color-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-package-commands"></a>
+
+<p>These are the commands available with the <samp class="file">color</samp> package.
 </p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-clip"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">clip</code></dt>
-<dd><p>If set to <code class="code">true</code>, or just specified as here
+
+
+<ul class="mini-toc">
+<li><a href="#Define-colors" accesskey="1">Define colors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Colored-text" accesskey="2">Colored text</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Colored-boxes" accesskey="3">Colored boxes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Colored-pages" accesskey="4">Colored pages</a></li>
+</ul>
+<hr>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Define-colors">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Colored-text" accesskey="n" rel="next">Colored text</a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Define-colors-1"><span>22.3.1 Define colors<a class="copiable-link" href="#Define-colors-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-define-color"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color_002c-define"></a>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,clip,...]{...}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{<var class="var">name</var>}{<var class="var">model</var>}{<var class="var">specification</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>then the graphic is cropped to the bounding box.  This is the same as
-using the starred form of the command,
-<code class="code">\includegraphics*[...]{...}</code>.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-page"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">page</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Give the page number of a multi-page PDF file.  The default is
-<code class="code">page=1</code>.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-pagebox"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">pagebox</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Specifies which bounding box to use for PDF files from among
-<code class="code">mediabox</code>, <code class="code">cropbox</code>, <code class="code">bleedbox</code>, <code class="code">trimbox</code>, or
-<code class="code">artbox</code>.  PDF files do not have the BoundingBox that PostScript
-files have, but may specify up to four predefined rectangles. The
-MediaBox gives the boundaries of the physical medium. The CropBox is the
-region to which the contents of the page are to be clipped when
-displayed.  The BleedBox is the region to which the contents of the page
-should be clipped in production. The TrimBox is the intended dimensions
-of the finished page.  The ArtBox is the extent of the page&rsquo;s meaningful
-content.  The driver will set the image size based on CropBox if
-present, otherwise it will not use one of the others, with a
-driver-defined order of preference.  MediaBox is always present.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-interpolate"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">interpolate</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Enable or disable interpolation of raster images by the viewer.  Can be
-set with <code class="code">interpolate=true</code> or just specified as here.
+<p>Give the name <var class="var">name</var> to the color.  For example, after this
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,interpolate,...]{...}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{silver}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,0.74}
 </pre></div>
 
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-quiet"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">quiet</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Do not write information to the log.  You can set it with
-<code class="code">quiet=true</code> or just specified it with
-<code class="code">\includegraphics[...,quiet,...]{...}</code>,
+<p>you can use that color name with <code class="code">Hi ho,
+\textcolor{silver}{Silver}!</code>.
 </p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-draft"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">draft</code></dt>
-<dd><p>If you set it with <code class="code">draft=true</code> or just specify it with
+<p>This example gives the color a more abstract name, so it could change and
+not be misleading.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,draft,...]{...}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{logocolor}{RGB}{145,92,131}    % RGB needs pdflatex
+\newcommand{\logo}{\textcolor{logocolor}{Bob's Big Bagels}}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>then the graphic will not appear in the document, possibly saving color
-printer ink.  Instead, LaTeX will put an empty box of the correct
-size with the filename printed in it.
+<p>Often a document&rsquo;s colors are defined in the preamble, or in the class
+or style, rather than in the document body.
 </p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
 
-<p>These options address the bounding box for Encapsulated PostScript
-graphic files, which have a size specified with a line
-<code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code> that appears in the file.  It has four values,
-giving the lower <em class="math">x</em> coordinate, lower <em class="math">y</em> coordinate, upper
-<em class="math">x</em> coordinate, and upper <em class="math">y</em> coordinate.  The units are
-PostScript points, equivalent to TeX&rsquo;s big points, 1/72&nbsp;inch.
-For example, if an <samp class="file">.eps</samp> file has the line <code class="code">%%BoundingBox 10
-20 40 80</code> then its natural size is 30/72&nbsp;inch wide by
-60/72&nbsp;inch tall.
-</p>
-<dl class="table">
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bb"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">bb</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Specify the bounding box of the displayed region.  The argument is four
-dimensions separated by spaces, as with <code class="code">\includegraphics[.., bb=
-0in 0in 1in 0.618in]{...}</code>.  Usually <code class="code">\includegraphics</code> reads the
-BoundingBox numbers from the EPS file automatically, so this option is
-only useful if the bounding box is missing from that file or if you want
-to change it.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bbllx"></a><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bblly"></a><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bburx"></a><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-bbury"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">bbllx, bblly, bburx, bbury</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Set the bounding box.  These four are obsolete, but are retained for
-compatibility with old packages.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-natwidth"></a><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-natheight"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">natwidth, natheight</code></dt>
-<dd><p>An alternative for <code class="code">bb</code>.  Setting
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Colored-text">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Colored-boxes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Colored boxes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Define-colors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Define colors</a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Colored-text-1"><span>22.3.2 Colored text<a class="copiable-link" href="#Colored-text-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-2"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-colored-text"></a>
+
+<p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,natwidth=1in,natheight=0.618in,...]{...}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\textcolor{<var class="var">name</var>}{...}
+\textcolor[<var class="var">color model</var>]{<var class="var">color specification</var>}{...}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>is the same as setting <code class="code">bb=0 0 1in 0.618in</code>.
-</p> 
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-hiresbb"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">hiresbb</code></dt>
-<dd><p>If set to <code class="code">true</code>, or just specified as with
+<p>or
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\includegraphics[...,hiresbb,...]{...}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\color{<var class="var">name</var>}
+\color[<var class="var">color model</var>]{<var class="var">color specification</var>}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>then LaTeX will look for <code class="code">%%HiResBoundingBox</code> lines instead of
-<code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code> lines.  (The <code class="code">BoundingBox</code> lines use only
-natural numbers while the <code class="code">HiResBoundingBox</code> lines use decimals;
-both use units equivalent to TeX&rsquo;s big points, 1/72&nbsp;inch.) To
-override a prior setting of <code class="code">true</code>, you can set it to <code class="code">false</code>.
+<p>The affected text gets the color.  This line
 </p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\textcolor{magenta}{My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;}
+Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!
+</pre></div>
 
-<p>These following options allow a user to override LaTeX&rsquo;s method of
-choosing the graphic type based on the filename extension.  An example
-is that <code class="code">\includegraphics[type=png,ext=.xxx,read=.xxx]{lion}</code>
-will read the file <samp class="file">lion.xxx</samp> as though it were
-<samp class="file">lion.png</samp>. For more on these, see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule"><code class="code">\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a>.
-</p>
-<dl class="table">
-<dd><a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-type"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">type</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Specify the graphics type.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-ext"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">ext</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Specify the graphics extension.
-Only use this in conjunction with the option <code class="code">type</code>.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-read"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">read</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Specify the file extension of the read file.
-Only use this in conjunction with the option <code class="code">type</code>.
-</p>
-<a class="anchor" id="includegraphics-command"></a></dd>
-<dt><code class="code">command</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Specify a command to be applied to this file.  Only use this in
-conjunction with the option <code class="code">type</code>.  See <a class="xref" href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a>,
-for a discussion of enabling the <code class="code">\write18</code> functionality to run
-external commands.
+<p>causes the first half to be in magenta while the rest is in black.  You
+can use a color declared with <code class="code">\definecolor</code> in exactly the same
+way that we just used the builtin color &lsquo;<samp class="samp">magenta</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
-
-
-<hr>
-</div>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005crotatebox">
-<div class="nav-panel">
-<p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cscalebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\scalebox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
-</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005crotatebox-1">22.3.2 <code class="code">\rotatebox</code></h4>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{MidlifeCrisisRed}{rgb}{1.0,0.11,0.0}
+I'm thinking about getting a \textcolor{MidlifeCrisisRed}{sports car}.
+</pre></div>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rotation"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rotating-graphics"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rotating-text"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crotatebox"></a>
+<p>The two <code class="code">\textcolor</code> and <code class="code">\color</code> differ in that the first is
+a command form, enclosing the text to be colored as an argument.  Often
+this form is more convenient, or at least more explicit.  The second
+form is a declaration, as in <code class="code">The moon is made of {\color{green}
+green} cheese</code>, so it is in effect until the end of the current group
+or environment.  This is sometimes useful when writing macros or as
+below where it colors everything inside the <code class="code">center</code> environment,
+including the vertical and horizontal lines.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{center} \color{blue}
+  \begin{tabular}{l|r}
+    UL &amp;UR \\ \hline
+    LL &amp;LR 
+  \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+</pre></div>
 
-<p>Synopsis if you use the <code class="code">graphics</code> package:
+<p>You can use color in equations.  A document might have this definition
+in the preamble
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\rotatebox{<var class="var">angle</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\definecolor{highlightcolor}{RGB}{225,15,0}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Synopses if you use the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package:
+<p>and then contain this equation.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\rotatebox{<var class="var">angle</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
-\rotatebox[<var class="var">key-value list</var>]{<var class="var">angle</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{equation}
+  \int_a^b \textcolor{highlightcolor}{f'(x)}\,dx=f(b)-f(a)
+\end{equation}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Put <var class="var">material</var> in a box and rotate it <var class="var">angle</var> degrees
-counterclockwise.
-</p>
-<p>This example rotates the table column heads forty-five degrees.
+<p>Typically the colors used in a document are declared in a class or style
+but sometimes you want a one-off.  Those are the second forms in the
+synopses.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{tabular}{ll}
-  \rotatebox{45}{Character} &amp;\rotatebox{45}{NATO phonetic}   \\
-  A                         &amp;AL-FAH  \\
-  B                         &amp;BRAH-VOH
-\end{tabular}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">Colors of \textcolor[rgb]{0.33,0.14,0.47}{Purple} and
+{\color[rgb]{0.72,0.60,0.37}Gold} for the team.
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The <var class="var">material</var> can be anything that goes in a box, including a graphic.
+<p>The format of <var class="var">color specification</var> depends on the color model
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#Color-models">Color models</a>).  For instance, while <code class="code">rgb</code> takes three
+numbers, <code class="code">gray</code> takes only one.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">  \rotatebox[origin=c]{45}{\includegraphics[width=1in]{lion}}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">The selection was \textcolor[gray]{0.5}{grayed out}.
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>To place the rotated material, the first step is that LaTeX sets
-<var class="var">material</var> in a box, with a reference point on the left baseline.
-The second step is the rotation, by default about the reference point.
-The third step is that LaTeX computes a box to bound the rotated
-material.  Fourth, LaTeX moves this box horizontally so that the left
-edge of this new bounding box coincides with the left edge of the box
-from the first step (they need not coincide vertically).  This new
-bounding box, in its new position, is what LaTeX uses as the box when
-typesetting this material.
-</p>
-<p>If you use the <code class="code">graphics</code> package then the rotation is about the
-reference point of the box. If you use the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package
-then these are the options that can go in the <var class="var">key-value list</var>,
-but note that you can get the same effect without needing this
-package, except for the <code class="code">x</code> and <code class="code">y</code> options
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics"><code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a>).
-</p>
-<dl class="table">
-<dt><code class="code">origin</code></dt>
-<dd><p>The point of the <var class="var">material</var>&rsquo;s box about which the rotation happens.
-Possible value is any string containing one or two of: <code class="code">l</code> for
-left, <code class="code">r</code> for right, <code class="code">b</code> for bottom, <code class="code">c</code> for center,
-<code class="code">t</code> for top, and <code class="code">B</code> for baseline.  Thus, the first line here
+<p>Colors inside colors do not combine.  Thus
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\rotatebox[origin=c]{180}{moon}
-\rotatebox[origin=lB]{180}{LeBateau}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\textcolor{green}{kind of \textcolor{blue}{blue}}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>will turn the picture upside down from the center while the second will
-turn its picture upside down about its left baseline.  (The character
-<code class="code">c</code> gives the horizontal center in <code class="code">bc</code> or <code class="code">tc</code> but gives
-the vertical center in <code class="code">lc</code> or <code class="code">rc</code>, and gives both in
-<code class="code">c</code>.)  The default is <code class="code">lB</code>.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">x, y</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Specify an arbitrary point of rotation with
-<code class="code">\rotatebox[x=<var class="var">TeX dimension</var>,y=<var class="var">TeX
-dimension</var>]{...}</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a>).  These give the offset
-from the box&rsquo;s reference point.
-</p>
-</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">units</code></dt>
-<dd><p>This key allows you to change the default of degrees counterclockwise.
-Setting <code class="code">units=-360</code> changes the direction to degrees clockwise and
-setting <code class="code">units=6.283185</code> changes to radians counterclockwise.
+<p>has a final word that is blue, not a combination of blue and green.
 </p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
 
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cscalebox">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Colored-boxes">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#g_t_005cresizebox" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\resizebox</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005crotatebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\rotatebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Colored-pages" accesskey="n" rel="next">Colored pages</a>, Previous: <a href="#Colored-text" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Colored text</a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cscalebox-1">22.3.3 <code class="code">\scalebox</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Colored-boxes-1"><span>22.3.3 Colored boxes<a class="copiable-link" href="#Colored-boxes-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics_002c-scaling"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics_002c-resizing"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaling"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resizing"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-text_002c-scaling"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-text_002c-resizing"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cscalebox"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005creflectbox"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-3"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-colored-boxes"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-box_002c-colored"></a>
 
 <p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\scalebox{<var class="var">horizontal factor</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
-\scalebox{<var class="var">horizontal factor</var>}[<var class="var">vertical factor</var>]{<var class="var">material</var>}
-\reflectbox{<var class="var">material</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\colorbox{<var class="var">name</var>}{...}
+\colorbox[<var class="var">model name</var>]{<var class="var">box background color</var>}{...}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Scale the <var class="var">material</var>.
-</p>
-<p>This example halves the size, both horizontally and vertically, of the
-first text and doubles the size of the second.
+<p>or
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\scalebox{0.5}{DRINK ME} and \scalebox{2.0}{Eat Me}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\fcolorbox{<var class="var">frame color</var>}{<var class="var">box background color</var>}{...}
+\fcolorbox[<var class="var">model name</var>]{<var class="var">frame color</var>}{<var class="var">box background color</var>}{...}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>If you do not specify the optional <var class="var">vertical factor</var> then it
-defaults to the same value as the <var class="var">horizontal factor</var>.
+<p>Make a box with the stated background color.  The <code class="code">\fcolorbox</code>
+command puts a frame around the box.  For instance this
 </p>
-<p>You can use this command to resize a graphic, as here.
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">Name:~\colorbox{cyan}{\makebox[5cm][l]{\strut}}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>makes a cyan-colored box that is five centimeters long and gets its
+depth and height from the <code class="code">\strut</code> (so the depth is
+<code class="code">-.3\baselineskip</code> and the height is <code class="code">\baselineskip</code>).  This
+puts white text on a blue background.
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\scalebox{0.5}{\includegraphics{lion}}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\colorbox{blue}{\textcolor{white}{Welcome to the machine.}}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>If you use the <code class="code">graphicx</code> package then you can accomplish the same
-thing with optional arguments to <code class="code">\includegraphics</code>
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics"><code class="code">\includegraphics</code></a>).
+<p>The <code class="code">\fcolorbox</code> commands use the same parameters as <code class="code">\fbox</code>
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox"><code class="code">\fbox</code> &amp; <code class="code">\framebox</code></a>), <code class="code">\fboxrule</code> and <code class="code">\fboxsep</code>, to
+set the thickness of the rule and the boundary between the box interior
+and the surrounding rule.  LaTeX&rsquo;s defaults are <code class="code">0.4pt</code> and
+<code class="code">3pt</code>, respectively.
 </p>
-<p>The <code class="code">\reflectbox</code> command abbreviates
-<code class="code">\scalebox{-1}[1]{<var class="var">material</var>}</code>.  Thus, <code class="code">Able was
-I\reflectbox{Able was I}</code> will show the phrase &lsquo;<samp class="samp">Able was I</samp>&rsquo;
-immediately followed by its mirror reflection against a vertical axis.
+<p>This example changes the thickness of the border to 0.8 points.  Note
+that it is surrounded by curly braces so that the change ends at the end
+of the second line.
 </p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">{\setlength{\fboxrule}{0.8pt}
+\fcolorbox{black}{red}{Under no circumstances turn this knob.}}
+</pre></div>
+
 
 <hr>
 </div>
-<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_005cresizebox">
+<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Colored-pages">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cscalebox" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\scalebox</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Previous: <a href="#Colored-boxes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Colored boxes</a>, Up: <a href="#Commands-for-color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commands for color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cresizebox-1">22.3.4 <code class="code">\resizebox</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Colored-pages-1"><span>22.3.4 Colored pages<a class="copiable-link" href="#Colored-pages-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics_002c-scaling-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics_002c-resizing-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaling-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resizing-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-text_002c-scaling-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-text_002c-resizing-1"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cresizebox"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-4"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-colored-page"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page_002c-colored"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-background_002c-colored"></a>
 
 <p>Synopses:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\resizebox{<var class="var">horizontal length</var>}{<var class="var">vertical length</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
-\resizebox*{<var class="var">horizontal length</var>}{<var class="var">vertical length</var>}{<var class="var">material</var>}
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\pagecolor{<var class="var">name</var>}
+\pagecolor[<var class="var">color model</var>]{<var class="var">color specification</var>}
+\nopagecolor
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Given a size, such as <code class="code">3cm</code>, transform <var class="var">material</var> to make it
-that size.  If either <var class="var">horizontal length</var> or <var class="var">vertical length</var>
-is an exclamation point&nbsp;<code class="code">!</code>  then the other argument is used
-to determine a scale factor for both directions.
-</p>
-<p>This example makes the graphic be a half inch wide and scales it
-vertically by the same factor to keep it from being distorted.
+<p>The first two set the background of the page, and all subsequent pages,
+to the color.  For an explanation of the specification in the second
+form see <a class="pxref" href="#Colored-text">Colored text</a>.  The third returns the background to normal,
+which is a transparent background.  (If that is not supported use
+<code class="code">\pagecolor{white}</code>, although that will make a white background
+rather than the default transparent background.)
 </p>
 <div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\resizebox{0.5in}{!}{\includegraphics{lion}}
+<pre class="example-preformatted"> ...
+\pagecolor{cyan}
+ ...
+\nopagecolor
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>The unstarred form <code class="code">\resizebox</code> takes <var class="var">vertical length</var> to be
-the box&rsquo;s height while the starred form <code class="code">\resizebox*</code> takes it to
-be height+depth.  For instance, make the text have a height+depth of a
-quarter-inch with <code class="code">\resizebox*{!}{0.25in}{\parbox{3.5in}{This
-box has both height and depth.}}</code>.
-</p>
-<p>You can use <code class="code">\depth</code>, <code class="code">\height</code>, <code class="code">\totalheight</code>, and
-<code class="code">\width</code> to refer to the original size of the box.  Thus, make the
-text two inches wide but keep the original height with
-<code class="code">\resizebox{2in}{\height}{Two inches}</code>.
-</p>
 
 <hr>
 </div>
@@ -20090,9 +20956,9 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cresizebox-1">22.3.4 <code class="code">\resiz
 <div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Special-insertions">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="n" rel="next">Splitting the input</a>, Previous: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="n" rel="next">Splitting the input</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Special-insertions-1">23 Special insertions</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Special-insertions-1"><span>23 Special insertions<a class="copiable-link" href="#Special-insertions-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-special-insertions"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-insertions-of-special-characters"></a>
@@ -20103,7 +20969,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Special-insertions-1">23 Special insertions</h2>
 
 
 <ul class="mini-toc">
-<li><a href="#Reserved-characters" accesskey="1">Reserved characters</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Printing-special-characters" accesskey="1">Printing special characters</a></li>
 <li><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case" accesskey="2">Upper and lower case</a></li>
 <li><a href="#Symbols-by-font-position" accesskey="3">Symbols by font position</a></li>
 <li><a href="#Text-symbols" accesskey="4">Text symbols</a></li>
@@ -20114,26 +20980,28 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Special-insertions-1">23 Special insertions</h2>
 <li><a href="#g_t_005ctoday" accesskey="9"><code class="code">\today</code></a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr>
-<div class="section-level-extent" id="Reserved-characters">
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Printing-special-characters">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Upper-and-lower-case" accesskey="n" rel="next">Upper and lower case</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Reserved-characters-1">23.1 Reserved characters</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Printing-special-characters-1"><span>23.1 Printing special characters<a class="copiable-link" href="#Printing-special-characters-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-reserved-characters"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-characters_002c-reserved"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-special-characters"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-characters_002c-special"></a>
-<p>LaTeX sets aside the following characters for special purposes. For
-example, the percent sign&nbsp;<code class="code">%</code> is for comments.  They are
-called <em class="dfn">reserved characters</em> or <em class="dfn">special characters</em>. They are
-all discussed elsewhere in this manual.
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-reserved-characters_002c-printing"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-special-characters_002c-printing"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-printing-special-characters"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-escaping-special-characters"></a>
+
+<p>LaTeX sets aside a few characters for special purposes; they are
+called reserved characters or special characters. Here they are:
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted"># $ % &amp; { } _ ~ ^ \ 
 </pre></div>
 
+<p>The meaning of all the special characters is given elsewhere
+in this manual (see <a class="pxref" href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a>).
+</p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_0023"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_0024"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_0025"></a>
@@ -20143,8 +21011,8 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Reserved-characters-1">23.1 Reserved characters</h3>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_007d"></a>
 <p>If you want a reserved character to be printed as itself, in the text
 body font, for all but the final three characters in that list simply
-put a backslash&nbsp;<code class="code">\</code> in front of the character.  Thus,
-typing <code class="code">\$1.23</code> will produce&nbsp;<code class="code">$1.23</code> in your output.
+put a <code class="code">\</code> in front of the character.  Thus, typing <code class="code">\$1.23</code>
+will produce <code class="code">$1.23</code> in your output.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_007e"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_005e"></a>
@@ -20155,13 +21023,13 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Reserved-characters-1">23.1 Reserved characters</h3>
 font circumflex use <code class="code">\^{}</code>.  To get a backslash in the font of
 the text body, enter <code class="code">\textbackslash{}</code>.
 </p>
-<p>To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font use
-<code class="code">\verb!!</code> as below (the double backslash&nbsp;<code class="code">\\</code> in the
-example is only there to split the lines in the output).
+<p>To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font, use
+<code class="code">\verb!!</code> as below (the <code class="code">\newline</code> in the example is there
+only to split the lines in the output).
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\begin{center}
-  \# \$ \% \&amp; \{ \} \_ \~{} \^{} \textbackslash \\
+  \# \$ \% \&amp; \{ \} \_ \~{} \^{} \textbackslash \newline
   \verb!# $ % &amp; { } _ ~ ^ \!
 \end{center}
 </pre></div>
@@ -20172,9 +21040,9 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Reserved-characters-1">23.1 Reserved characters</h3>
 <div class="section-level-extent" id="Upper-and-lower-case">
 <div class="nav-panel">
 <p>
-Next: <a href="#Symbols-by-font-position" accesskey="n" rel="next">Symbols by font position</a>, Previous: <a href="#Reserved-characters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Reserved characters</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Symbols-by-font-position" accesskey="n" rel="next">Symbols by font position</a>, Previous: <a href="#Printing-special-characters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Printing special characters</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Upper-and-lower-case-1">23.2 Upper and lower case</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Upper-and-lower-case-1"><span>23.2 Upper and lower case<a class="copiable-link" href="#Upper-and-lower-case-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-uppercase"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lowercase"></a>
@@ -20256,7 +21124,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Upper-and-lower-case-1">23.2 Upper and lower case</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Text-symbols" accesskey="n" rel="next">Text symbols</a>, Previous: <a href="#Upper-and-lower-case" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Upper and lower case</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Symbols-by-font-position-1">23.3 Symbols by font position</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Symbols-by-font-position-1"><span>23.3 Symbols by font position<a class="copiable-link" href="#Symbols-by-font-position-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005csymbol"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accessing-any-character-of-a-font"></a>
@@ -20281,7 +21149,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Symbols-by-font-position-1">23.3 Symbols by font positio
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Accents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Accents</a>, Previous: <a href="#Symbols-by-font-position" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Symbols by font position</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1"><span>23.4 Text symbols<a class="copiable-link" href="#Text-symbols-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-text-symbols"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-symbols_002c-text"></a>
@@ -20298,38 +21166,40 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 <code class="code">TS1</code> font encoding).
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-_005ccopyright'><span><code class="code">\copyright</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ccopyright'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextcopyright'><span><code class="code">\textcopyright</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextcopyright'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ccopyright"></a><span><code class="code">\copyright</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ccopyright"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextcopyright"></a><span><code class="code">\textcopyright</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextcopyright"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-copyright-symbol"></a>
 <p>&copy; The copyright symbol.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdag'><span><code class="code">\dag</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdag'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdag"></a><span><code class="code">\dag</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdag"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dagger_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&#x2020; The dagger symbol (in text).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cddag'><span><code class="code">\ddag</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cddag'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cddag"></a><span><code class="code">\ddag</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cddag"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-dagger_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&#x2021; The double dagger symbol (in text).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cLaTeX'><span><code class="code">\LaTeX</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cLaTeX'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cLaTeX"></a><span><code class="code">\LaTeX</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cLaTeX"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-LaTeX-logo"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-logo_002c-LaTeX"></a>
 <p>The LaTeX logo.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cLaTeXe'><span><code class="code">\LaTeXe</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cLaTeXe'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cLaTeXe"></a><span><code class="code">\LaTeXe</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cLaTeXe"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-LaTeX2e-logo"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-logo_002c-LaTeX2e"></a>
 <p>The LaTeX2e logo.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cguillemotleft-_0028_00ab_0029'><span><code class="code">\guillemotleft <span class="r">(&laquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cguillemotleft-_0028_00ab_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cguillemotright-_0028_00bb_0029'><span><code class="code">\guillemotright <span class="r">(&raquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cguillemotright-_0028_00bb_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cguilsinglleft-_0028_2039_0029'><span><code class="code">\guilsinglleft <span class="r">(&lsaquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cguilsinglleft-_0028_2039_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cguilsinglright-_0028_203a_0029'><span><code class="code">\guilsinglright <span class="r">(&rsaquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cguilsinglright-_0028_203a_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cguillemetleft-_0028_00ab_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\guillemetleft <span class="r">(&laquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cguillemetleft-_0028_00ab_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cguillemetright-_0028_00bb_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\guillemetright <span class="r">(&raquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cguillemetright-_0028_00bb_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cguillemotleft-_0028_00ab_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\guillemotleft <span class="r">(&laquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cguillemotleft-_0028_00ab_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cguillemotright-_0028_00bb_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\guillemotright <span class="r">(&raquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cguillemotright-_0028_00bb_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cguilsinglleft-_0028_2039_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\guilsinglleft <span class="r">(&lsaquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cguilsinglleft-_0028_2039_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cguilsinglright-_0028_203a_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\guilsinglright <span class="r">(&rsaquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cguilsinglright-_0028_203a_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-guillemets"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-single-guillemets"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-left-angle-quotation-marks"></a>
@@ -20338,41 +21208,45 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-single-angle-quotation-marks"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-French-quotation-marks"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quotation-marks_002c-French"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-guillemots_002c-birds"></a>
 <p>&laquo;, &raquo;, &lsaquo;, &rsaquo;
 Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French.
+The commands <code class="code">@guillemotleft</code> and <code class="code">@guillemotright</code> are
+synonyms for <code class="code">@guillemet...</code>; these are misspellings inherited
+from Adobe. (Guillemots are seabirds; guillemets are French quotes.)
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cldots-1'><span><code class="code">\ldots</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cldots-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextellipsis'><span><code class="code">\textellipsis</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextellipsis'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cdots-2'><span><code class="code">\dots</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdots-2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cldots-1"></a><span><code class="code">\ldots</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cldots-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextellipsis"></a><span><code class="code">\textellipsis</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextellipsis"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cdots-2"></a><span><code class="code">\dots</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdots-2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ellipsis"></a>
 <p>&hellip; An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): <code class="code">\ldots</code> and
 <code class="code">\dots</code> also work in math mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Dots">Dots, horizontal or vertical</a>).  See that math
 mode ellipsis description for additional general information.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005clq'><span><code class="code">\lq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005clq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005clq"></a><span><code class="code">\lq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005clq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-left-quote"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-opening-quote"></a>
 <p>&lsquo; Left (opening) quote.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cP'><span><code class="code">\P</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cP'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextparagraph'><span><code class="code">\textparagraph</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextparagraph'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cP"></a><span><code class="code">\P</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cP"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextparagraph"></a><span><code class="code">\textparagraph</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextparagraph"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paragraph-symbol"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pilcrow"></a>
 <p>&#x00B6; Paragraph sign (pilcrow).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cpounds'><span><code class="code">\pounds</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cpounds'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextsterling'><span><code class="code">\textsterling</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextsterling'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cpounds"></a><span><code class="code">\pounds</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cpounds"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextsterling"></a><span><code class="code">\textsterling</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextsterling"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pounds-symbol"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sterling-symbol"></a>
 <p>&pound; English pounds sterling.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cquotedblbase-_0028_201e_0029'><span><code class="code">\quotedblbase <span class="r">(&bdquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cquotedblbase-_0028_201e_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005cquotesinglbase-_0028_201a_0029'><span><code class="code">\quotesinglbase <span class="r">(&sbquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cquotesinglbase-_0028_201a_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cquotedblbase-_0028_201e_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\quotedblbase <span class="r">(&bdquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cquotedblbase-_0028_201e_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cquotesinglbase-_0028_201a_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\quotesinglbase <span class="r">(&sbquo;)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cquotesinglbase-_0028_201a_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-low_002d9-quotation-mark"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-single-low_002d9-quotation-mark"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-low_002d9-quotation-marks_002c-single-and-double"></a>
@@ -20380,43 +21254,43 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 Double and single quotation marks on the baseline.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005crq'><span><code class="code">\rq</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005crq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005crq"></a><span><code class="code">\rq</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005crq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-right-quote"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-closing-quote"></a>
 <p>&rsquo; Right (closing) quote.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cS'><span><code class="code">\S</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextsection'><span><code class="code">\textsection</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextsection'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cS"></a><span><code class="code">\S</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextsection"></a><span><code class="code">\textsection</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextsection"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-section-symbol"></a>
 <p>&#x00A7; Section sign.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cTeX'><span><code class="code">\TeX</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cTeX'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005cTeX"></a><span><code class="code">\TeX</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cTeX"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TeX-logo"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-logo_002c-TeX"></a>
 <p>The TeX logo.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextasciicircum'><span><code class="code">\textasciicircum</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextasciicircum'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextasciicircum"></a><span><code class="code">\textasciicircum</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextasciicircum"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-circumflex_002c-ASCII_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ASCII-circumflex_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>^ ASCII circumflex.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextasciitilde'><span><code class="code">\textasciitilde</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextasciitilde'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextasciitilde"></a><span><code class="code">\textasciitilde</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextasciitilde"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tilde_002c-ASCII_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ASCII-tilde_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>~ ASCII tilde.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextasteriskcentered'><span><code class="code">\textasteriskcentered</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextasteriskcentered'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextasteriskcentered"></a><span><code class="code">\textasteriskcentered</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextasteriskcentered"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-asterisk_002c-centered_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-centered-asterisk_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>* Centered asterisk.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextbackslash-1'><span><code class="code">\textbackslash</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextbackslash-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextbackslash-1"></a><span><code class="code">\textbackslash</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextbackslash-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-backslash_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>\ Backslash. However, <code class="code">\texttt{\textbackslash}</code> produces a roman
 (not typewriter) backslash by default; for a typewriter backslash, it
@@ -20428,52 +21302,52 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 </pre></div>
 
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextbar'><span><code class="code">\textbar</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextbar'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextbar"></a><span><code class="code">\textbar</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextbar"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-vertical-bar_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bar_002c-vertical_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>| Vertical bar.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextbardbl'><span><code class="code">\textbardbl</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextbardbl'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextbardbl"></a><span><code class="code">\textbardbl</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextbardbl"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-vertical-bar_002c-double_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bar_002c-double-vertical_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-vertical-bar_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&#x23F8; Double vertical bar.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextbigcircle'><span><code class="code">\textbigcircle</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextbigcircle'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextbigcircle"></a><span><code class="code">\textbigcircle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextbigcircle"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-big-circle-symbols_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-circle-symbol_002c-big_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&#x25EF;, Big circle symbol.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextbraceleft'><span><code class="code">\textbraceleft</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextbraceleft'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextbraceleft"></a><span><code class="code">\textbraceleft</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextbraceleft"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-left-brace_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-brace_002c-left_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>{ Left brace.  See remarks at <code class="code">\textbackslash</code> above about
 making <code class="code">\texttt{\textbraceleft}</code> produce a typewriter brace.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextbraceright'><span><code class="code">\textbraceright</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextbraceright'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextbraceright"></a><span><code class="code">\textbraceright</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextbraceright"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-right-brace_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-brace_002c-right_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>} Right brace.  See remarks at <code class="code">\textbackslash</code> above about
 making <code class="code">\texttt{\textbraceright}</code> produce a typewriter brace.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextbullet'><span><code class="code">\textbullet</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextbullet'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextbullet"></a><span><code class="code">\textbullet</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextbullet"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bullet_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&bull; Bullet.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextcircled_007bletter_007d'><span><code class="code">\textcircled{<var class="var">letter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextcircled_007bletter_007d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextcircled_007bletter_007d"></a><span><code class="code">\textcircled{<var class="var">letter</var>}</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextcircled_007bletter_007d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-circled-letter_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&#x24B6;, Circle around <var class="var">letter</var>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextcompwordmark'><span><code class="code">\textcompwordmark</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextcompwordmark'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextcapitalcompwordmark'><span><code class="code">\textcapitalcompwordmark</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextcapitalcompwordmark'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextascendercompwordmark'><span><code class="code">\textascendercompwordmark</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextascendercompwordmark'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextcompwordmark"></a><span><code class="code">\textcompwordmark</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextcompwordmark"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextcapitalcompwordmark"></a><span><code class="code">\textcapitalcompwordmark</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextcapitalcompwordmark"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextascendercompwordmark"></a><span><code class="code">\textascendercompwordmark</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextascendercompwordmark"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-composite-word-mark_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cap-height"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ascender-height"></a>
@@ -20484,24 +21358,24 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 while the <code class="code">\textascendercompwordmark</code> form has the ascender height.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextdagger'><span><code class="code">\textdagger</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextdagger'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextdagger"></a><span><code class="code">\textdagger</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextdagger"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dagger_002c-in-text-1"></a>
 <p>&#x2020; Dagger.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextdaggerdbl'><span><code class="code">\textdaggerdbl</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextdaggerdbl'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextdaggerdbl"></a><span><code class="code">\textdaggerdbl</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextdaggerdbl"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dagger_002c-double_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-dagger_002c-in-text-1"></a>
 <p>&#x2021; Double dagger.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextdollar-_0028or-_005c_0024_0029'><span><code class="code">\textdollar <span class="r">(or <code class="code">\$</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextdollar-_0028or-_005c_0024_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextdollar-_0028or-_005c_0024_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\textdollar <span class="r">(or <code class="code">\$</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextdollar-_0028or-_005c_0024_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dollar-sign"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-currency_002c-dollar"></a>
 <p>$ Dollar sign.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextemdash-_0028or-_002d_002d_002d_0029'><span><code class="code">\textemdash <span class="r">(or <code class="code">---</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextemdash-_0028or-_002d_002d_002d_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextemdash-_0028or-_002d_002d_002d_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\textemdash <span class="r">(or <code class="code">---</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextemdash-_0028or-_002d_002d_002d_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-em_002ddash"></a>
 <div class="raggedright"><p class="raggedright-paragraph">&mdash; Em-dash.  Used for punctuation, usually similar to commas or
 parentheses, as in &lsquo;<code class="code">The playoffs---if you're lucky
@@ -20509,12 +21383,12 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 for spacing around em-dashes vary widely.
 </p></div>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextendash-_0028or-_002d_002d_0029'><span><code class="code">\textendash <span class="r">(or <code class="code">--</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextendash-_0028or-_002d_002d_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextendash-_0028or-_002d_002d_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\textendash <span class="r">(or <code class="code">--</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextendash-_0028or-_002d_002d_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-e_002ddash"></a>
 <p>&ndash; En-dash. Used for ranges, as in &lsquo;<code class="code">see pages 12--14</code>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctexteuro'><span><code class="code">\texteuro</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctexteuro'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctexteuro"></a><span><code class="code">\texteuro</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctexteuro"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-euro-symbol"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-currency_002c-euro"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-eurosym"></a>
@@ -20529,12 +21403,12 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 Euro symbol (Unicode U+20AC).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextexclamdown-_0028or-_0021_0060_0029'><span><code class="code">\textexclamdown <span class="r">(or <code class="code">!`</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextexclamdown-_0028or-_0021_0060_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextexclamdown-_0028or-_0021_0060_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\textexclamdown <span class="r">(or <code class="code">!`</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextexclamdown-_0028or-_0021_0060_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-exclamation-point_002c-upside_002ddown"></a>
 <p>&iexcl; Upside down exclamation point.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextfiguredash'><span><code class="code">\textfiguredash</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextfiguredash'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextfiguredash"></a><span><code class="code">\textfiguredash</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextfiguredash"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-figure-dash-character"></a>
 <p>Dash used between numerals, Unicode U+2012. Defined in the June 2021
 release of LaTeX. When used in pdfTeX, approximated by an
@@ -20543,30 +21417,30 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 to the log file.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextgreater'><span><code class="code">\textgreater</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextgreater'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextgreater"></a><span><code class="code">\textgreater</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextgreater"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-greater-than-symbol_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&gt; Greater than symbol.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctexthorizontalbar'><span><code class="code">\texthorizontalbar</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctexthorizontalbar'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctexthorizontalbar"></a><span><code class="code">\texthorizontalbar</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctexthorizontalbar"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-horizontal-bar-character"></a>
 <p>Horizontal bar character, Unicode U+2015. Defined in the June 2021
 release of LaTeX. Behavior as with <code class="code">\textfiguredash</code> above;
 the pdfTeX approximation is an em-dash.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextless'><span><code class="code">\textless</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextless'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextless"></a><span><code class="code">\textless</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextless"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-less-than-symbol_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&lt; Less than symbol.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextleftarrow'><span><code class="code">\textleftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextleftarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextleftarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\textleftarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextleftarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-arrow_002c-left_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-left-arrow_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&#x2190;, Left arrow.   
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextnonbreakinghyphen'><span><code class="code">\textnonbreakinghyphen</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextnonbreakinghyphen'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextnonbreakinghyphen"></a><span><code class="code">\textnonbreakinghyphen</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextnonbreakinghyphen"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-non_002dbreaking-hyphen-character"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hyphen-character_002c-non_002dbreaking"></a>
 <p>Non-breaking hyphen character, Unicode U+2011. Defined in the June
@@ -20575,8 +21449,8 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 breaks disallowed after).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextordfeminine'><span><code class="code">\textordfeminine</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextordfeminine'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextordmasculine'><span><code class="code">\textordmasculine</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextordmasculine'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextordfeminine"></a><span><code class="code">\textordfeminine</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextordfeminine"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextordmasculine"></a><span><code class="code">\textordmasculine</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextordmasculine"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-feminine-ordinal-symbol"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-masculine-ordinal-symbol"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ordinals_002c-feminine-and-masculine"></a>
@@ -20584,50 +21458,50 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 <p>&ordf;, &ordm; Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextperiodcentered'><span><code class="code">\textperiodcentered</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextperiodcentered'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextperiodcentered"></a><span><code class="code">\textperiodcentered</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextperiodcentered"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-period_002c-centered_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-centered-period_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&#x00B7; Centered period.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextquestiondown-_0028or-_003f_0060_0029'><span><code class="code">\textquestiondown <span class="r">(or <code class="code">?`</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextquestiondown-_0028or-_003f_0060_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextquestiondown-_0028or-_003f_0060_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\textquestiondown <span class="r">(or <code class="code">?`</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextquestiondown-_0028or-_003f_0060_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-question-mark_002c-upside_002ddown"></a>
 <p>&iquest; Upside down question mark.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextquotedblleft-_0028or-_0060_0060_0029'><span><code class="code">\textquotedblleft <span class="r">(or <code class="code">``</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextquotedblleft-_0028or-_0060_0060_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextquotedblleft-_0028or-_0060_0060_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\textquotedblleft <span class="r">(or <code class="code">``</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextquotedblleft-_0028or-_0060_0060_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-left-quote_002c-double"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-left-quote"></a>
 <p>&ldquo; Double left quote.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextquotedblright-_0028or-_0027_0027_0029'><span><code class="code">\textquotedblright <span class="r">(or <code class="code">''</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextquotedblright-_0028or-_0027_0027_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextquotedblright-_0028or-_0027_0027_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\textquotedblright <span class="r">(or <code class="code">''</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextquotedblright-_0028or-_0027_0027_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-right-quote_002c-double"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-right-quote"></a>
 <p>&rdquo; Double right quote.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextquoteleft-_0028or-_0060_0029'><span><code class="code">\textquoteleft <span class="r">(or <code class="code">`</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextquoteleft-_0028or-_0060_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextquoteleft-_0028or-_0060_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\textquoteleft <span class="r">(or <code class="code">`</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextquoteleft-_0028or-_0060_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-left-quote_002c-single"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-single-left-quote"></a>
 <p>&lsquo; Single left quote.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextquoteright-_0028or-_0027_0029'><span><code class="code">\textquoteright <span class="r">(or <code class="code">'</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextquoteright-_0028or-_0027_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextquoteright-_0028or-_0027_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\textquoteright <span class="r">(or <code class="code">'</code>)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextquoteright-_0028or-_0027_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-right-quote_002c-single"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-single-right-quote"></a>
 <p>&rsquo; Single right quote.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextquotesingle'><span><code class="code">\textquotesingle</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextquotesingle'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextquotesingle"></a><span><code class="code">\textquotesingle</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextquotesingle"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quote_002c-single-straight"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-straight-single-quote"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-single-quote_002c-straight"></a>
 <p>&#x0027;, Straight single quote.  (From TS1 encoding.)  
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextquotestraightbase'><span><code class="code">\textquotestraightbase</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextquotestraightbase'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextquotestraightdblbase'><span><code class="code">\textquotestraightdblbase</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextquotestraightdblbase'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextquotestraightbase"></a><span><code class="code">\textquotestraightbase</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextquotestraightbase"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextquotestraightdblbase"></a><span><code class="code">\textquotestraightdblbase</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextquotestraightdblbase"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quote_002c-straight-base"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-straight-quote_002c-base"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double-quote_002c-straight-base"></a>
@@ -20635,40 +21509,40 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 <p>Single and double straight quotes on the baseline.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextregistered'><span><code class="code">\textregistered</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextregistered'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextregistered"></a><span><code class="code">\textregistered</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextregistered"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-registered-symbol"></a>
 <p>&reg; Registered symbol.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextrightarrow'><span><code class="code">\textrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextrightarrow'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextrightarrow"></a><span><code class="code">\textrightarrow</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextrightarrow"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-arrow_002c-right_002c-in-text"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-right-arrow_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&#x2192;, Right arrow.  
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextthreequartersemdash'><span><code class="code">\textthreequartersemdash</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextthreequartersemdash'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextthreequartersemdash"></a><span><code class="code">\textthreequartersemdash</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextthreequartersemdash"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-three_002dquarters-em_002ddash"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-em_002ddash_002c-three_002dquarters"></a>
 <p>&#xFE58;, &ldquo;Three-quarters&rdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctexttrademark'><span><code class="code">\texttrademark</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctexttrademark'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctexttrademark"></a><span><code class="code">\texttrademark</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctexttrademark"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-trademark-symbol"></a>
 <p>&#x2122; Trademark symbol.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctexttwelveudash'><span><code class="code">\texttwelveudash</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctexttwelveudash'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctexttwelveudash"></a><span><code class="code">\texttwelveudash</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctexttwelveudash"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-two_002dthirds-em_002ddash"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-em_002ddash_002c-two_002dthirds"></a>
 <p>&#xFE58;, &ldquo;Two-thirds&rdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.   
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextunderscore'><span><code class="code">\textunderscore</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextunderscore'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextunderscore"></a><span><code class="code">\textunderscore</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextunderscore"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-underscore_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>_ Underscore.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ctextvisiblespace'><span><code class="code">\textvisiblespace</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ctextvisiblespace'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_005ctextvisiblespace"></a><span><code class="code">\textvisiblespace</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ctextvisiblespace"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-visible-space-symbol_002c-in-text"></a>
 <p>&#x2423;, Visible space symbol.  
 </p>
@@ -20683,7 +21557,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Text-symbols-1">23.4 Text symbols</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Additional-Latin-letters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Additional Latin letters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Text-symbols" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Text symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Accents-1">23.5 Accents</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Accents-1"><span>23.5 Accents<a class="copiable-link" href="#Accents-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accents"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-characters_002c-accented"></a>
@@ -20720,61 +21594,61 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Accents-1">23.5 Accents</h3>
 accented.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\&quot;</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitaldieresis</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitaldieresis"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitaldieresis"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-umlaut-accent"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dieresis-accent"></a>
-<p>&ouml; Umlaut (dieresis).
+<a id="index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\&quot;</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitaldieresis</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&ouml; Umlaut (dieresis).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_0027-_0028acute-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\'</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_0027-_0028acute-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalacute</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalacute"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalacute"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-acute-accent"></a>
-<p>&oacute; Acute accent.
+<a id="index-_005c_0027-_0028acute-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\'</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_0027-_0028acute-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalacute</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&oacute; Acute accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_002e-_0028dot_002dover-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\.</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_002e-_0028dot_002dover-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dot-accent"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dot-accent"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dot_002dover-accent"></a>
-<p>&#559;  Dot accent.
+<a id="index-_005c_002e-_0028dot_002dover-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\.</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_002e-_0028dot_002dover-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>&#559;  Dot accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_003d-_0028macron-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\=</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_003d-_0028macron-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalmacron</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalmacron"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalmacron"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-macron-accent"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-overbar-accent"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bar_002dover-accent"></a>
-<p>&#333; Macron (overbar) accent.
+<a id="index-_005c_003d-_0028macron-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\=</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_003d-_0028macron-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalmacron</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&#333; Macron (overbar) accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_005e-_0028circumflex-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\^</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_005e-_0028circumflex-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalcircumflex</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalcircumflex"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalcircumflex"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-circumflex-accent"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hat-accent"></a>
-<p>&ocirc; Circumflex (hat) accent.
+<a id="index-_005c_005e-_0028circumflex-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\^</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_005e-_0028circumflex-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalcircumflex</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&ocirc; Circumflex (hat) accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_0060-_0028grave-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\`</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_0060-_0028grave-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalgrave</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalgrave"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalgrave"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-grave-accent"></a>
-<p>&ograve; Grave accent.
+<a id="index-_005c_0060-_0028grave-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\`</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_0060-_0028grave-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalgrave</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&ograve; Grave accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005c_007e-_0028tilde-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\~</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005c_007e-_0028tilde-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitaltilde</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitaltilde"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitaltilde"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tilde-accent"></a>
-<p>&ntilde; Tilde accent.
+<a id="index-_005c_007e-_0028tilde-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\~</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005c_007e-_0028tilde-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitaltilde</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&ntilde; Tilde accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cb-_0028bar_002dunder-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\b</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cb-_0028bar_002dunder-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bar_002dunder-accent"></a>
-<p>o&#818; Bar accent underneath.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bar_002dunder-accent"></a>
+<a id="index-_005cb-_0028bar_002dunder-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\b</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cb-_0028bar_002dunder-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>o&#818; Bar accent underneath.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cunderbar"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-underbar"></a>
@@ -20785,68 +21659,68 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Accents-1">23.5 Accents</h3>
 <a class="ref" href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cc-_0028cedilla-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\c</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cc-_0028cedilla-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalcedilla</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalcedilla"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalcedilla"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cedilla-accent"></a>
-<p>&ccedil; Cedilla accent underneath.
+<a id="index-_005cc-_0028cedilla-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\c</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cc-_0028cedilla-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalcedilla</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&ccedil; Cedilla accent underneath.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cd-_0028dot_002dunder-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\d</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cd-_0028dot_002dunder-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitaldotaccent</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitaldotaccent"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitaldotaccent"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dot_002dunder-accent"></a>
-<p>&#7885; Dot accent underneath.
+<a id="index-_005cd-_0028dot_002dunder-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\d</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cd-_0028dot_002dunder-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitaldotaccent</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&#7885; Dot accent underneath.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cH-_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\H</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cH-_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalhungarumlaut</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalhungarumlaut"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalhungarumlaut"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hungarian-umlaut-accent"></a>
-<p>&#337; Long Hungarian umlaut accent.
+<a id="index-_005cH-_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\H</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cH-_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalhungarumlaut</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&#337; Long Hungarian umlaut accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ck-_0028ogonek_0029'><span><code class="code">\k</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ck-_0028ogonek_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalogonek</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalogonek"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalogonek"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ogonek"></a>
-<p>&#491; Ogonek.  Not available in the OT1 encoding.
+<a id="index-_005ck-_0028ogonek_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\k</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ck-_0028ogonek_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalogonek</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&#491; Ogonek.  Not available in the OT1 encoding.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cr-_0028ring-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\r</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cr-_0028ring-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalring</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalring"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalring"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ring-accent"></a>
-<p>o&#778; Ring accent.
+<a id="index-_005cr-_0028ring-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\r</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cr-_0028ring-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalring</code></dt>
+<dd><p>o&#778; Ring accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005ct-_0028tie_002dafter-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\t</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005ct-_0028tie_002dafter-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitaltie</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\newtie</code></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalnewtie</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitaltie"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitaltie"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewtie"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalnewtie"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tie_002dafter-accent"></a>
-<p>Tie-after accent (used for transliterating from Cyrillic, such as in the
+<a id="index-_005ct-_0028tie_002dafter-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\t</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005ct-_0028tie_002dafter-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitaltie</code></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\newtie</code></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalnewtie</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Tie-after accent (used for transliterating from Cyrillic, such as in the
 ALA-LC romanization).  It expects that the argument has two characters.
 The <code class="code">\newtie</code> form is centered in its box.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cu-_0028breve-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\u</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cu-_0028breve-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalbreve</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalbreve"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalbreve"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-breve-accent"></a>
-<p>&#335; Breve accent.
+<a id="index-_005cu-_0028breve-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\u</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cu-_0028breve-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalbreve</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&#335; Breve accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cv-_0028breve-accent_0029'><span><code class="code">\v</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cv-_0028breve-accent_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\capitalcaron</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalcaron"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccapitalcaron"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hacek-accent"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-check-accent"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-caron-accent"></a>
-<p>&#466;  H&aacute;&#269;ek (check, caron) accent.
+<a id="index-_005cv-_0028breve-accent_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\v</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cv-_0028breve-accent_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\capitalcaron</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&#466;  H&aacute;&#269;ek (check, caron) accent.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
@@ -20862,7 +21736,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Accents-1">23.5 Accents</h3>
 <p>
 Up: <a href="#Accents" accesskey="u" rel="up">Accents</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005caccent-1">23.5.1 <code class="code">\accent</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005caccent-1"><span>23.5.1 <code class="code">\accent</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005caccent-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005caccent"></a>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
@@ -20920,12 +21794,12 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005caccent-1">23.5.1 <code class="code">\accent</
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#inputenc-package" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">inputenc</code> package</a>, Previous: <a href="#Accents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Accents</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Additional-Latin-letters-1">23.6 Additional Latin letters</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Additional-Latin-letters-1"><span>23.6 Additional Latin letters<a class="copiable-link" href="#Additional-Latin-letters-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="Non_002dEnglish-characters"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Latin-letters_002c-additional"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-letters_002c-additional-Latin"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-extended-Latin"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-special-characters-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-special-characters"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-non_002dEnglish-characters"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-characters_002c-non_002dEnglish"></a>
 
@@ -20934,86 +21808,86 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Additional-Latin-letters-1">23.6 Additional Latin letter
 than English.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_005caa-_0028aa_0029'><span><code class="code">\aa</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005caa-_0028aa_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\AA</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAA-_0028AA_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAA-_0028AA_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-aring"></a>
-<p>&aring; and &Aring;.
+<a id="index-_005caa-_0028aa_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\aa</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005caa-_0028aa_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\AA</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&aring; and &Aring;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cae-_0028ae_0029'><span><code class="code">\ae</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cae-_0028ae_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\AE</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAE-_0028AE_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cAE-_0028AE_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ae-ligature"></a>
-<p>&aelig; and &AElig;.
+<a id="index-_005cae-_0028ae_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\ae</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cae-_0028ae_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\AE</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&aelig; and &AElig;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdh-_0028d_0029'><span><code class="code">\dh</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdh-_0028d_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\DH</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDH-_0028D_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDH-_0028D_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Icelandic-eth"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-eth_002c-Icelandic-letter"></a>
-<p>Icelandic letter eth: &eth; and &ETH;. Not available with <small class="sc">OT1</small>
+<a id="index-_005cdh-_0028d_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\dh</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdh-_0028d_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\DH</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Icelandic letter eth: &eth; and &ETH;. Not available with <small class="sc">OT1</small>
 encoding, you need the <samp class="file">fontenc</samp> package to select an alternate
 font encoding, such as <small class="sc">T1</small>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cdj'><span><code class="code">\dj</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cdj'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDJ"></a>
+<a id="index-_005cdj"></a><span><code class="code">\dj</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cdj"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">\DJ</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cDJ"></a>
-<p>Crossed d and D, a.k.a. capital and small letter d with stroke.  Not
+<dd><p>Crossed d and D, a.k.a. capital and small letter d with stroke.  Not
 available with <small class="sc">OT1</small> encoding, you need the <samp class="file">fontenc</samp> package to
 select an alternate font encoding, such as <small class="sc">T1</small>.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cij-_0028ij_0029'><span><code class="code">\ij</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cij-_0028ij_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\IJ</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cIJ-_0028IJ_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cIJ-_0028IJ_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ij-letter_002c-Dutch"></a>
-<p>ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here).
+<a id="index-_005cij-_0028ij_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\ij</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cij-_0028ij_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\IJ</code></dt>
+<dd><p>ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cl-_0028l_0029'><span><code class="code">\l</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cl-_0028l_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\L</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cL-_0028L_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cL-_0028L_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-polish-l"></a>
-<p>&#322; and &#321;.
+<a id="index-_005cl-_0028l_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\l</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cl-_0028l_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\L</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&#322; and &#321;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cng'><span><code class="code">\ng</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cng'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cNG"></a>
+<a id="index-_005cng"></a><span><code class="code">\ng</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cng"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">\NG</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cNG"></a>
-<p>Lappish letter eng, also used in phonetics.
+<dd><p>Lappish letter eng, also used in phonetics.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005co-_0028o_0029'><span><code class="code">\o</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005co-_0028o_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\O</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cO-_0028O_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cO-_0028O_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-oslash"></a>
-<p>&oslash; and &Oslash;.
+<a id="index-_005co-_0028o_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\o</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005co-_0028o_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\O</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&oslash; and &Oslash;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005coe-_0028oe_0029'><span><code class="code">\oe</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005coe-_0028oe_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\OE</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cOE-_0028OE_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cOE-_0028OE_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-oe-ligature"></a>
-<p>&oelig; and &OElig;.
+<a id="index-_005coe-_0028oe_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\oe</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005coe-_0028oe_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\OE</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&oelig; and &OElig;.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005css-_0028ss_0029'><span><code class="code">\ss</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005css-_0028ss_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\SS</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cSS-_0028SS_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cSS-_0028SS_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-es_002dzet-German-letter"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sharp-S-letters"></a>
-<p>&szlig; and SS.
+<a id="index-_005css-_0028ss_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\ss</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005css-_0028ss_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\SS</code></dt>
+<dd><p>&szlig; and SS.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-_005cth-_0028th_0029'><span><code class="code">\th</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cth-_0028th_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dt><code class="code">\TH</code></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cTH-_0028TH_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cTH-_0028TH_0029"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Icelandic-thorn"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-thorn_002c-Icelandic-letter"></a>
-<p>Icelandic letter thorn: &thorn; and &THORN;. Not available with <small class="sc">OT1</small>
+<a id="index-_005cth-_0028th_0029"></a><span><code class="code">\th</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_005cth-_0028th_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><code class="code">\TH</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Icelandic letter thorn: &thorn; and &THORN;. Not available with <small class="sc">OT1</small>
 encoding, you need the <samp class="file">fontenc</samp> package to select an alternate
 font encoding, such as <small class="sc">T1</small>.
 </p>
@@ -21028,7 +21902,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Additional-Latin-letters-1">23.6 Additional Latin letter
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005crule" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\rule</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#Additional-Latin-letters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Additional Latin letters</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="inputenc-package-1">23.7 <code class="code">inputenc</code> package</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="inputenc-package-1"><span>23.7 <code class="code">inputenc</code> package<a class="copiable-link" href="#inputenc-package-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-inputenc"></a>
 
@@ -21038,60 +21912,59 @@ <h3 class="section" id="inputenc-package-1">23.7 <code class="code">inputenc</co
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[<var class="var">encoding-name</var>]{inputenc}
 </pre></div>
 
-<p>Declare the input file&rsquo;s text encoding to be <var class="var">encoding-name</var>. The
-default, if this package is not loaded, is UTF-8.  Technically,
-specifying the encoding name is optional, but in practice it is not
-useful to omit it.
-</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-encoding_002c-of-input-files"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-character-encoding"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Unicode"></a>
-<p>In a computer file, the characters are stored according to a scheme
-called the <em class="dfn">encoding</em>.  There are many different encodings.  The
-simplest is ASCII, which supports 95 printable characters, not enough
-for most of the world&rsquo;s languages. For instance, to typeset the
-a-umlaut character &lsquo;<samp class="samp">&auml;</samp>&rsquo; in an ASCII-encoded LaTeX source file, the
-sequence <code class="code">\&quot;a</code> is used. This would make source files for anything
-but English hard to read; even for English, often a more extensive
-encoding is more convenient.
+<p>Declare the input file&rsquo;s text encoding to be <var class="var">encoding-name</var>. (For
+basic background, see <a class="pxref" href="#Input-encodings">Input encodings</a>). The default, if this
+package is not loaded, is UTF-8.  Technically, specifying the encoding
+name is optional, but in practice it is not useful to omit it.
 </p>
-<p>The modern encoding standard, in some ways a union of the others, is
-UTF-8, one of the representations of Unicode. This is the default for
-LaTeX since 2018. 
-</p>
-<p>The <code class="code">inputenc</code> package is how LaTeX knows what encoding is
-used.  For instance, the following command explicitly says that the
-input file is UTF-8 (note the lack of a dash).
+<p>The <code class="code">inputenc</code> package tells LaTeX what encoding is used.  For
+instance, the following command explicitly says that the input file is
+UTF-8 (note the lack of a dash).
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example-preformatted">\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
 </pre></div>
 
+<p>The most common values for <var class="var">encoding-name</var> are: <code class="code">ascii</code>,
+<code class="code">latin1</code>, <code class="code">latin2</code>, <code class="code">latin3</code>, <code class="code">latin4</code>,
+<code class="code">latin5</code>, <code class="code">latin9</code>, <code class="code">latin10</code>, <code class="code">utf8</code>.
+</p>
 <p>Caution: use <code class="code">inputenc</code> only with the pdfTeX engine
-(see <a class="pxref" href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>).  (The XeTeX and LuaTeX engines assume
-that the input file is UTF-8 encoded.)  If you invoke LaTeX with
-either the <code class="command">xelatex</code> command or the <code class="command">lualatex</code>
-command, and try to declare a non-UTF-8 encoding with <code class="code">inputenc</code>,
-such as <code class="code">latin1</code>, then you will get the error <code class="code">inputenc is
-not designed for xetex or luatex</code>.
+(see <a class="pxref" href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>); with <code class="command">xelatex</code> or
+<code class="command">lualatex</code>, declaring a non-UTF-8 encoding with
+<code class="code">inputenc</code>, such as <code class="code">latin1</code>, will get the error
+<code class="code">inputenc is not designed for xetex or luatex</code>.
 </p>
 <p>An <code class="code">inputenc</code> package error such as <code class="code">Invalid UTF-8 byte &quot;96</code>
 means that some of the material in the input file does not follow the
 encoding scheme.  Often these errors come from copying material from a
-document that uses a different encoding than the input file; this one
-is a left single quote from a web page using <code class="code">latin1</code> inside a
-LaTeX input file that uses UTF-8.  The simplest solution is to
-replace the non-UTF-8 character with its UTF-8 equivalent, or use a
-LaTeX equivalent command or character.
+document that uses a different encoding than the input file. The
+simplest solution is often to replace the non-UTF-8 character with a
+UTF-8 or LaTeX equivalent.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-package_002c-luainputenc"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-luainputenc-package"></a>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cXeTeXinputencoding"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cXeTeXdefaultencoding"></a>
+<p>If you need to process a non-UTF-8 document with LuaTeX, you can
+use the <code class="code">luainputenc</code> package
+(<a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/luainputenc">https://ctan.org/pkg/luainputenc</a>). With XeTeX, the
+<code class="code">\XeTeXinputencoding</code> and <code class="code">\XeTeXdefaultencoding</code> primitives
+can be used (for an explanation and examples, see
+<a class="url" href="https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/324948">https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/324948</a>).
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-recode-to-change-character-encoding"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-iconv-to-change-character-encoding"></a>
+<p>It&rsquo;s also possible to re-encode a document from an 8-bit encoding to
+UTF-8 outside of TeX, using system utilities. For example,
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">recode latin1..utf8</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp class="samp">iconv -f latin1 -t utf8</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cinputencoding"></a>
-<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cinputencoding"></a><p>In some documents, such as a collection of journal articles from a
+<a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cinputencoding"></a><p>In a few documents, such as a collection of journal articles from a
 variety of authors, changing the encoding in mid-document may be
-necessary.  Use the command
-<code class="code">\inputencoding{<var class="var">encoding-name</var>}</code>.  The most common values
-for <var class="var">encoding-name</var> are: <code class="code">ascii</code>, <code class="code">latin1</code>,
-<code class="code">latin2</code>, <code class="code">latin3</code>, <code class="code">latin4</code>, <code class="code">latin5</code>,
-<code class="code">latin9</code>, <code class="code">latin10</code>, and&nbsp;<code class="code">utf8</code>.
+necessary.  You can use the command
+<code class="code">\inputencoding{<var class="var">encoding-name</var>}</code> for this.
 </p>
 
 <hr>
@@ -21101,7 +21974,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="inputenc-package-1">23.7 <code class="code">inputenc</co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctoday" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\today</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#inputenc-package" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">inputenc</code> package</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005crule-1">23.8 <code class="code">\rule</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005crule-1"><span>23.8 <code class="code">\rule</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005crule-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005crule"></a>
 
@@ -21156,7 +22029,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005crule-1">23.8 <code class="code">\rule</code></h3
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005crule" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\rule</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctoday-1">23.9 <code class="code">\today</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctoday-1"><span>23.9 <code class="code">\today</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ctoday-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctoday"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-date_002c-today_0027s"></a>
@@ -21212,7 +22085,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctoday-1">23.9 <code class="code">\today</code></
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="n" rel="next">Front/back matter</a>, Previous: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Special insertions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Splitting-the-input-1">24 Splitting the input</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Splitting-the-input-1"><span>24 Splitting the input<a class="copiable-link" href="#Splitting-the-input-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-splitting-the-input-file"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input-file"></a>
@@ -21276,7 +22149,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Splitting-the-input-1">24 Splitting the input</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\include</code> &amp; <code class="code">\includeonly</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="u" rel="up">Splitting the input</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cendinput-1">24.1 <code class="code">\endinput</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cendinput-1"><span>24.1 <code class="code">\endinput</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cendinput-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cendinput"></a>
 
@@ -21323,7 +22196,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cendinput-1">24.1 <code class="code">\endinput</c
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cinput" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\input</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cendinput" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\endinput</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="u" rel="up">Splitting the input</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly-1">24.2 <code class="code">\include</code> &amp; <code class="code">\includeonly</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly-1"><span>24.2 <code class="code">\include</code> &amp; <code class="code">\includeonly</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cinclude"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cincludeonly"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cinclude"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cincludeonly"></a>
@@ -21471,7 +22344,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly-1">24.2 <code cla
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\include</code> &amp; <code class="code">\includeonly</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="u" rel="up">Splitting the input</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cinput-1">24.3 <code class="code">\input</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cinput-1"><span>24.3 <code class="code">\input</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cinput-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cinput"></a>
 
@@ -21527,7 +22400,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cinput-1">24.3 <code class="code">\input</code></
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Letters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Splitting the input</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Front_002fback-matter-1">25 Front/back matter</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Front_002fback-matter-1"><span>25 Front/back matter<a class="copiable-link" href="#Front_002fback-matter-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 
 <ul class="mini-toc">
@@ -21541,7 +22414,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Front_002fback-matter-1">25 Front/back matter</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Indexes</a>, Up: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="u" rel="up">Front/back matter</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Table-of-contents_002c-list-of-figures_002c-list-of-tables">25.1 Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Table-of-contents_002c-list-of-figures_002c-list-of-tables"><span>25.1 Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables<a class="copiable-link" href="#Table-of-contents_002c-list-of-figures_002c-list-of-tables"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-of-contents_002c-creating"></a>
 
@@ -21715,7 +22588,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Table-of-contents_002c-list-of-figures_002c-list-of-tabl
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\addcontentsline</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e" accesskey="u" rel="up">Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline-1">25.1.1 <code class="code">\@dottedtocline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline-1"><span>25.1.1 <code class="code">\@dottedtocline</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005c_0040dottedtocline"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-of-contents-entry_002c-create-dotted-line"></a>
@@ -21765,7 +22638,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline-1">25.1.1 <code class="cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocontents" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\addtocontents</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\@dottedtocline</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e" accesskey="u" rel="up">Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005caddcontentsline-1">25.1.2 <code class="code">\addcontentsline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005caddcontentsline-1"><span>25.1.2 <code class="code">\addcontentsline</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005caddcontentsline"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-of-contents-entry_002c-manually-adding"></a>
@@ -21877,7 +22750,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005caddcontentsline-1">25.1.2 <code class="code">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\contentsline</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\addcontentsline</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e" accesskey="u" rel="up">Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005caddtocontents-1">25.1.3 <code class="code">\addtocontents</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005caddtocontents-1"><span>25.1.3 <code class="code">\addtocontents</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005caddtocontents-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005caddtocontents_007bext_007d_007btext_007d"></a>
 
@@ -21958,7 +22831,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005caddtocontents-1">25.1.3 <code class="code">\a
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnofiles" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\nofiles</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocontents" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\addtocontents</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e" accesskey="u" rel="up">Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccontentsline-1">25.1.4 <code class="code">\contentsline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccontentsline-1"><span>25.1.4 <code class="code">\contentsline</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ccontentsline-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table-of-contents"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccontentsline-2"></a>
@@ -22031,7 +22904,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005ccontentsline-1">25.1.4 <code class="code">\co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnumberline" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\numberline</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\contentsline</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e" accesskey="u" rel="up">Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnofiles-1">25.1.5 <code class="code">\nofiles</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnofiles-1"><span>25.1.5 <code class="code">\nofiles</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnofiles-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnofiles"></a>
 
@@ -22070,7 +22943,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnofiles-1">25.1.5 <code class="code">\nofiles
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnofiles" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\nofiles</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e" accesskey="u" rel="up">Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnumberline-1">25.1.6 <code class="code">\numberline</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnumberline-1"><span>25.1.6 <code class="code">\numberline</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnumberline-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnumberline"></a>
 
@@ -22120,7 +22993,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnumberline-1">25.1.6 <code class="code">\numb
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Glossaries" accesskey="n" rel="next">Glossaries</a>, Previous: <a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables</a>, Up: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="u" rel="up">Front/back matter</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Indexes-1">25.2 Indexes</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Indexes-1"><span>25.2 Indexes<a class="copiable-link" href="#Indexes-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-indexes"></a>
 
@@ -22205,7 +23078,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Indexes-1">25.2 Indexes</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cindex" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\index</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Produce-the-index-manually-1">25.2.1 Produce the index manually</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Produce-the-index-manually-1"><span>25.2.1 Produce the index manually<a class="copiable-link" href="#Produce-the-index-manually-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-index_002c-producing-manually"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-theindex"></a>
@@ -22253,7 +23126,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="Produce-the-index-manually-1">25.2.1 Produce the inde
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#makeindex" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="command">makeindex</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#Produce-the-index-manually" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Produce the index manually</a>, Up: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cindex-1">25.2.2 <code class="code">\index</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cindex-1"><span>25.2.2 <code class="code">\index</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cindex-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-index-entry"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cindex-1"></a>
@@ -22417,7 +23290,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cindex-1">25.2.2 <code class="code">\index</co
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cprintindex" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="command">\printindex</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cindex" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\index</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="makeindex-1">25.2.3 <code class="command">makeindex</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="makeindex-1"><span>25.2.3 <code class="command">makeindex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#makeindex-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-index_002c-processing"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-makeindex_002c-program"></a>
@@ -22479,16 +23352,16 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="makeindex-1">25.2.3 <code class="command">makeindex</
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
 <dd><a class="anchor" id="makeindex-preamble"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-preamble'><span><code class="code">preamble</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-preamble'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-preamble"></a><span><code class="code">preamble</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-preamble"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Preamble of the output index file. Defines the context in which the index is
 formatted.  Default: <code class="code">&quot;\\begin{theindex}\n&quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-postamble"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-postamble'><span><code class="code">postamble</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-postamble'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-postamble"></a><span><code class="code">postamble</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-postamble"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Postamble of the output index file.  Default: <code class="code">&quot;\n\n\\end{theindex}\n&quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-group-skip"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-group_005fskip'><span><code class="code">group_skip</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-group_005fskip'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-group_005fskip"></a><span><code class="code">group_skip</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-group_005fskip"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cindexspace-1"></a>
 <p>Traditionally index items are broken into groups, typically a group for
 entries starting with letter &lsquo;<samp class="samp">a</samp>&rsquo;, etc.  This specifier gives what
@@ -22497,7 +23370,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="makeindex-1">25.2.3 <code class="command">makeindex</
 length, by default <code class="code">10pt plus5pt minus3pt</code>).
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-letheadflag"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-lethead_005fflag'><span><code class="code">lethead_flag</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-lethead_005fflag'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-lethead_005fflag"></a><span><code class="code">lethead_flag</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-lethead_005fflag"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>An integer.  It governs what is inserted for a new group or letter.  If
 it is 0 (which is the default) then other than <code class="code">group_skip</code> nothing
 will be inserted before the group. If it is positive then at a new
@@ -22507,93 +23380,93 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="makeindex-1">25.2.3 <code class="command">makeindex</
 is&nbsp;0.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-lethead-prefix"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-lethead_005fprefix'><span><code class="code">lethead_prefix</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-lethead_005fprefix'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-lethead_005fprefix"></a><span><code class="code">lethead_prefix</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-lethead_005fprefix"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>If a new group begins with a different letter then this is the prefix
 inserted before the new letter header.  Default: <code class="code">&quot;&quot;</code>
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-lethead-suffix"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-lethead_005fsuffix'><span><code class="code">lethead_suffix</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-lethead_005fsuffix'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-lethead_005fsuffix"></a><span><code class="code">lethead_suffix</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-lethead_005fsuffix"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>If a group begins with a different letter then this is the suffix
 inserted after the new letter header.  Default: <code class="code">&quot;&quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-item-0"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-item_005f0'><span><code class="code">item_0</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-item_005f0'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-item_005f0"></a><span><code class="code">item_0</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-item_005f0"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>What is put between two level&nbsp;0 items.  Default: <code class="code">&quot;\n \\item
 &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-item-1"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-item_005f1'><span><code class="code">item_1</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-item_005f1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-item_005f1"></a><span><code class="code">item_1</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-item_005f1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Put between two level&nbsp;1 items.  Default: <code class="code">&quot;\n \\subitem &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-item-2"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-item_005f2'><span><code class="code">item_2</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-item_005f2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-item_005f2"></a><span><code class="code">item_2</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-item_005f2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>put between two level&nbsp;2 items.  Default: <code class="code">&quot;\n \\subsubitem &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-item-01"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-item_005f01'><span><code class="code">item_01</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-item_005f01'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-item_005f01"></a><span><code class="code">item_01</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-item_005f01"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>What is put between a level&nbsp;0 item and a level&nbsp;1 item.
 Default: <code class="code">&quot;\n \\subitem &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-item-x1"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-item_005fx1'><span><code class="code">item_x1</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-item_005fx1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-item_005fx1"></a><span><code class="code">item_x1</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-item_005fx1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>What is put between a level&nbsp;0 item and a level&nbsp;1 item in the
 case that the level&nbsp;0 item doesn&rsquo;t have any page numbers (as in
 <code class="code">\index{aaa|see{bbb}}</code>).  Default: <code class="code">&quot;\n \\subitem &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-item-12"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-item_005f12'><span><code class="code">item_12</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-item_005f12'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-item_005f12"></a><span><code class="code">item_12</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-item_005f12"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>What is put between a level&nbsp;1 item and a level&nbsp;2 item.
 Default: <code class="code">&quot;\n \\subsubitem &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-item-x2"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-item_005fx2'><span><code class="code">item_x2</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-item_005fx2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-item_005fx2"></a><span><code class="code">item_x2</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-item_005fx2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>What is put between a level&nbsp;1 item and a level&nbsp;2 item, if the
 level&nbsp;1 item doesn&rsquo;t have page numbers.  Default: <code class="code">&quot;\n
 \\subsubitem &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-delim-0"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-delim_005f0'><span><code class="code">delim_0</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-delim_005f0'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-delim_005f0"></a><span><code class="code">delim_0</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-delim_005f0"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Delimiter put between a level&nbsp;0 key and its first page
 number. Default: a comma followed by a blank, <code class="code">&quot;, &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-delim-1"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-delim_005f1'><span><code class="code">delim_1</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-delim_005f1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-delim_005f1"></a><span><code class="code">delim_1</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-delim_005f1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Delimiter put between a level&nbsp;1 key and its first page
 number. Default: a comma followed by a blank, <code class="code">&quot;, &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-delim-2"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-delim_005f2'><span><code class="code">delim_2</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-delim_005f2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-delim_005f2"></a><span><code class="code">delim_2</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-delim_005f2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Delimiter between a level&nbsp;2 key and its first page number. Default:
 a comma followed by a blank, <code class="code">&quot;, &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-delim-n"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-delim_005fn'><span><code class="code">delim_n</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-delim_005fn'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-delim_005fn"></a><span><code class="code">delim_n</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-delim_005fn"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Delimiter between two page numbers for the same key (at any
 level). Default: a comma followed by a blank, <code class="code">&quot;, &quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-delim-r"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-delim_005fr'><span><code class="code">delim_r</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-delim_005fr'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-delim_005fr"></a><span><code class="code">delim_r</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-delim_005fr"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>What is put between the starting and ending page numbers of a range.
 Default: <code class="code">&quot;--&quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-line-max"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-line_005fmax'><span><code class="code">line_max</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-line_005fmax'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-line_005fmax"></a><span><code class="code">line_max</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-line_005fmax"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>An integer.  Maximum length of an index entry&rsquo;s line in the output,
 beyond which the line wraps.  Default: <code class="code">72</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-indent-space"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-indent_005fspace'><span><code class="code">indent_space</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-indent_005fspace'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-indent_005fspace"></a><span><code class="code">indent_space</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-indent_005fspace"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>What is inserted at the start of a wrapped line.  Default:
 <code class="code">&quot;\t\t&quot;</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-indent-length"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-indent_005flength'><span><code class="code">indent_length</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-indent_005flength'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-indent_005flength"></a><span><code class="code">indent_length</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-indent_005flength"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>A number.  The length of the wrapped line indentation.  The default
 <code class="code">indent_space</code> is two tabs and each tab is eight spaces so the
 default here is <code class="code">16</code>.
 </p>
 <a class="anchor" id="makeindex-page-precedence"></a></dd>
-<dt id='index-page_005fprecedence'><span><code class="code">page_precedence</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-page_005fprecedence'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-page_005fprecedence"></a><span><code class="code">page_precedence</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-page_005fprecedence"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>A document may have pages numbered in different ways.  For example, a
 book may have front matter pages numbered in lowercase roman while main
 matter pages are in arabic.  This string specifies the order in which
@@ -22627,7 +23500,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="makeindex-1">25.2.3 <code class="command">makeindex</
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#makeindex" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="command">makeindex</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexes</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cprintindex-1">25.2.4 <code class="command">\printindex</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cprintindex-1"><span>25.2.4 <code class="command">\printindex</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cprintindex-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-index_002c-printing"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cprintindex"></a>
@@ -22658,7 +23531,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cprintindex-1">25.2.4 <code class="command">\p
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Indexes</a>, Up: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="u" rel="up">Front/back matter</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Glossaries-1">25.3 Glossaries</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Glossaries-1"><span>25.3 Glossaries<a class="copiable-link" href="#Glossaries-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glossary"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glossaries"></a>
@@ -22732,7 +23605,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Glossaries-1">25.3 Glossaries</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cgls" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\gls</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Glossaries" accesskey="u" rel="up">Glossaries</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnewglossaryentry-1">25.3.1 <code class="code">\newglossaryentry</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnewglossaryentry-1"><span>25.3.1 <code class="code">\newglossaryentry</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glossary_002c-entries"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cnewglossaryentry"></a>
@@ -22781,26 +23654,26 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnewglossaryentry-1">25.3.1 <code class="code"
 here are a few.
 </p>
 <dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-name'><span><code class="code">name</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-name'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-name"></a><span><code class="code">name</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-name"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>(Required.) The word, phrase, or symbol that you are defining.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-description'><span><code class="code">description</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-description'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-description"></a><span><code class="code">description</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-description"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>(Required.) The description that will appear in the glossary.
 If this has more than one paragraph then you must use the second command
 form given in the synopsis.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-plural'><span><code class="code">plural</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-plural'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-plural"></a><span><code class="code">plural</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-plural"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>The plural form of <var class="var">name</var>.  Refer to the plural form using
 <code class="code">\glspl</code> or <code class="code">\Glspl</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#g_t_005cgls"><code class="code">\gls</code></a>).
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-sort'><span><code class="code">sort</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-sort'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-sort"></a><span><code class="code">sort</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-sort"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>How to place this entry in the list of entries that the glossary holds.
 </p>
 </dd>
-<dt id='index-symbol'><span><code class="code">symbol</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-symbol'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-symbol"></a><span><code class="code">symbol</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-symbol"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>A symbol, such as a mathematical symbol, besides the name.
 </p>
 </dd>
@@ -22814,7 +23687,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cnewglossaryentry-1">25.3.1 <code class="code"
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\newglossaryentry</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Glossaries" accesskey="u" rel="up">Glossaries</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cgls-1">25.3.2 <code class="code">\gls</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cgls-1"><span>25.3.2 <code class="code">\gls</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cgls-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glossary_002c-entry-reference"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cgls"></a>
@@ -22860,7 +23733,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cgls-1">25.3.2 <code class="code">\gls</code><
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Input_002foutput" accesskey="n" rel="next">Input/output</a>, Previous: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Front/back matter</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Letters-1">26 Letters</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Letters-1"><span>26 Letters<a class="copiable-link" href="#Letters-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-letters_002c-writing"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-writing-letters"></a>
@@ -22970,7 +23843,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Letters-1">26 Letters</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccc" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\cc</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddress-1">26.1 <code class="code">\address</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddress-1"><span>26.1 <code class="code">\address</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005caddress-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005caddress"></a>
 
@@ -23008,7 +23881,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005caddress-1">26.1 <code class="code">\address</cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cclosing" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\closing</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddress" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\address</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ccc-1">26.2 <code class="code">\cc</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ccc-1"><span>26.2 <code class="code">\cc</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ccc-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ccc"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cc-list_002c-in-letters"></a>
@@ -23038,7 +23911,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ccc-1">26.2 <code class="code">\cc</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cencl" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\encl</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccc" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\cc</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cclosing-1">26.3 <code class="code">\closing</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cclosing-1"><span>26.3 <code class="code">\closing</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cclosing-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cclosing"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-letters_002c-ending"></a>
@@ -23065,7 +23938,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cclosing-1">26.3 <code class="code">\closing</cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\location</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cclosing" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\closing</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cencl-1">26.4 <code class="code">\encl</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cencl-1"><span>26.4 <code class="code">\encl</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cencl-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cencl"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-enclosure-list"></a>
@@ -23094,7 +23967,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cencl-1">26.4 <code class="code">\encl</code></h3
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\makelabels</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cencl" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\encl</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005clocation-1">26.5 <code class="code">\location</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005clocation-1"><span>26.5 <code class="code">\location</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005clocation-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005clocation"></a>
 
@@ -23115,7 +23988,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005clocation-1">26.5 <code class="code">\location</c
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cname" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\name</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\location</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmakelabels-1">26.6 <code class="code">\makelabels</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmakelabels-1"><span>26.6 <code class="code">\makelabels</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cmakelabels-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmakelabels"></a>
 
@@ -23189,7 +24062,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cmakelabels-1">26.6 <code class="code">\makelabel
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005copening" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\opening</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\makelabels</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cname-1">26.7 <code class="code">\name</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cname-1"><span>26.7 <code class="code">\name</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cname-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cname"></a>
 
@@ -23210,7 +24083,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cname-1">26.7 <code class="code">\name</code></h3
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cps" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\ps</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cname" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\name</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005copening-1">26.8 <code class="code">\opening</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005copening-1"><span>26.8 <code class="code">\opening</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005copening-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005copening"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-letters_002c-starting"></a>
@@ -23236,7 +24109,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005copening-1">26.8 <code class="code">\opening</cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005csignature" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\signature</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005copening" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\opening</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cps-1">26.9 <code class="code">\ps</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cps-1"><span>26.9 <code class="code">\ps</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cps-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cps"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-postscript_002c-in-letters"></a>
 
@@ -23261,7 +24134,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cps-1">26.9 <code class="code">\ps</code></h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctelephone" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\telephone</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cps" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\ps</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csignature-1">26.10 <code class="code">\signature</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csignature-1"><span>26.10 <code class="code">\signature</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005csignature-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <p>Synopsis:
 </p>
@@ -23313,7 +24186,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005csignature-1">26.10 <code class="code">\signature
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csignature" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\signature</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctelephone-1">26.11 <code class="code">\telephone</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctelephone-1"><span>26.11 <code class="code">\telephone</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ctelephone-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctelephone"></a>
 
@@ -23337,7 +24210,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctelephone-1">26.11 <code class="code">\telephone
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Command-line-interface" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command line interface</a>, Previous: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Letters</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Input_002foutput-1">27 Input/output</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Input_002foutput-1"><span>27 Input/output<a class="copiable-link" href="#Input_002foutput-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input_002foutput_002c-to-terminal"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-terminal-input_002foutput"></a>
@@ -23364,7 +24237,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Input_002foutput-1">27 Input/output</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cread" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\read</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Input_002foutput" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input/output</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout-1">27.1 <code class="code">\openin</code> &amp; <code class="code">\openout</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout-1"><span>27.1 <code class="code">\openin</code> &amp; <code class="code">\openout</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="g_t_005copenin"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005copenout"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005cclosein"></a><a class="anchor" id="g_t_005ccloseout"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005copenin"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005copenout"></a>
@@ -23455,7 +24328,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout-1">27.1 <code class="c
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctypein" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\typein</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\openin</code> &amp; <code class="code">\openout</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Input_002foutput" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input/output</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cread-1">27.2 <code class="code">\read</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cread-1"><span>27.2 <code class="code">\read</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cread-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cread"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-file_002c-reading"></a>
@@ -23506,7 +24379,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cread-1">27.2 <code class="code">\read</code></h3
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctypeout" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\typeout</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cread" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\read</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Input_002foutput" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input/output</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctypein-1">27.3 <code class="code">\typein</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctypein-1"><span>27.3 <code class="code">\typein</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ctypein-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctypein"></a>
 
@@ -23570,7 +24443,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctypein-1">27.3 <code class="code">\typein</code>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cwrite" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\write</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ctypein" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\typein</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Input_002foutput" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input/output</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctypeout-1">27.4 <code class="code">\typeout</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctypeout-1"><span>27.4 <code class="code">\typeout</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005ctypeout-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005ctypeout"></a>
 
@@ -23619,7 +24492,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005ctypeout-1">27.4 <code class="code">\typeout</cod
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ctypeout" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\typeout</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Input_002foutput" accesskey="u" rel="up">Input/output</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cwrite-1">27.5 <code class="code">\write</code></h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cwrite-1"><span>27.5 <code class="code">\write</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cwrite-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cwrite"></a>
 
@@ -23777,7 +24650,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="g_t_005cwrite-1">27.5 <code class="code">\write</code></
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmessage" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\message</code></a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cwrite" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\write</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cwrite-and-security-1">27.5.1 <code class="code">\write</code> and security</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cwrite-and-security-1"><span>27.5.1 <code class="code">\write</code> and security<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cwrite-and-security-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-security-and-_005cwrite"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cwrite-and-security"></a>
@@ -23816,7 +24689,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cwrite-and-security-1">27.5.1 <code class="cod
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cwlog" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\wlog</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cwrite-and-security" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\write</code> and security</a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cwrite" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\write</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmessage-1">27.5.2 <code class="code">\message</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmessage-1"><span>27.5.2 <code class="code">\message</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cmessage-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cmessage"></a>
 
@@ -23880,7 +24753,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cmessage-1">27.5.2 <code class="code">\message
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cwrite18" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">\write18</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmessage" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\message</code></a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cwrite" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\write</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cwlog-1">27.5.3 <code class="code">\wlog</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cwlog-1"><span>27.5.3 <code class="code">\wlog</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cwlog-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cwlog"></a>
 
@@ -23913,7 +24786,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cwlog-1">27.5.3 <code class="code">\wlog</code
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cwlog" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">\wlog</code></a>, Up: <a href="#g_t_005cwrite" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">\write</code></a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cwrite18-1">27.5.4 <code class="code">\write18</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cwrite18-1"><span>27.5.4 <code class="code">\write18</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_005cwrite18-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cwrite18"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-external-commands"></a>
@@ -24034,7 +24907,7 @@ <h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_005cwrite18-1">27.5.4 <code class="code">\write18
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="n" rel="next">Document templates</a>, Previous: <a href="#Input_002foutput" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Input/output</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Command-line-interface-1">28 Command line interface</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Command-line-interface-1"><span>28 Command line interface<a class="copiable-link" href="#Command-line-interface-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="Command-line"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-command-line-interface"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-interface_002c-command-line"></a>
@@ -24103,7 +24976,7 @@ <h2 class="chapter" id="Command-line-interface-1">28 Command line interface</h2>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Command-line-input" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command line input</a>, Up: <a href="#Command-line-interface" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command line interface</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Command-line-options-1">28.1 Command line options</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Command-line-options-1"><span>28.1 Command line options<a class="copiable-link" href="#Command-line-options-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-command-line"></a>
 
@@ -24120,25 +24993,22 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Command-line-options-1">28.1 Command line options</h3>
 spaces around the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">=</samp>&rsquo;. We will generally use the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">=</samp>&rsquo; syntax.
 </p>
 <dl class="table">
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dversion-command_002dline-option"></a>
-</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">-version</code></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dversion-command_002dline-option"></a><span><code class="code">-version</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dversion-command_002dline-option"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Show the current version, like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">pdfTeX 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX
 Live 2015/Debian)</samp>&rsquo; along with a small amount of additional information,
 and exit.
 </p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dhelp-command_002dline-option"></a>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">-help</code></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dhelp-command_002dline-option"></a><span><code class="code">-help</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-command_002dline-option"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Give a brief usage message that is useful as a prompt and exit.
 </p>
-<a class="anchor" id="interaction-modes"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dinteraction-command_002dline-option"></a>
-</dd>
-<dt id='index-batchmode'><span><code class="code">-interaction=<var class="var">mode</var></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-batchmode'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scrollmode"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="interaction-modes"></a></dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scrollmode"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-errorstopmode"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-nonstopmode"></a>
-<p>TeX compiles a document in one of four interaction modes:
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dinteraction-command_002dline-option"></a>
+<a id="index-batchmode"></a><span><code class="code">-interaction=<var class="var">mode</var></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-batchmode"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>TeX compiles a document in one of four interaction modes:
 <code class="code">batchmode</code>, <code class="code">nonstopmode</code>, <code class="code">scrollmode</code>,
 <code class="code">errorstopmode</code>. In <em class="dfn">errorstopmode</em> (the default), TeX
 stops at each error and asks for user intervention. In <em class="dfn">batchmode</em>
@@ -24157,19 +25027,17 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Command-line-options-1">28.1 Command line options</h3>
 
 <p>eliminates most terminal output.
 </p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-jobname"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-filename-for-current-job"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002djobname-command_002dline-option"></a>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">-jobname=<var class="var">string</var></code></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-filename-for-current-job"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002djobname-command_002dline-option"></a>
+<a id="index-jobname"></a><span><code class="code">-jobname=<var class="var">string</var></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-jobname"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Set the value of TeX&rsquo;s <em class="dfn">jobname</em> to the string.  The log file
 and output file will then be named <samp class="file"><var class="var">string</var>.log</samp> and
 <samp class="file"><var class="var">string</var>.pdf</samp>.  see <a class="pxref" href="#Jobname">Jobname</a>.
 </p>
-<a class="anchor" id="output-directory"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-directory-for-all-external-files"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002doutput_002ddirectory-command_002dline-option"></a>
-</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">-output-directory=<var class="var">directory</var></code></dt>
+<a class="anchor" id="output-directory"></a></dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002doutput_002ddirectory-command_002dline-option"></a>
+<a id="index-output-directory-for-all-external-files"></a><span><code class="code">-output-directory=<var class="var">directory</var></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-output-directory-for-all-external-files"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Write files in the directory <var class="var">directory</var>.  It must already exist.
 This applies to all external files created by TeX or LaTeX, such
 as the <samp class="file">.log</samp> file for the run, the <samp class="file">.aux</samp>, <samp class="file">.toc</samp>,
@@ -24182,14 +25050,13 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Command-line-options-1">28.1 Command line options</h3>
 directory (in which LaTeX was run) remains unchanged, and is also
 checked for input files.
 </p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-shell-escape"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cwrite18_002c-enabling"></a>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cwrite18_002c-enabling"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002denable_002dwrite18-command_002dline-option"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002ddisable_002dwrite18-command_002dline-option"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dshell_002descape-command_002dline-option"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dno_002dshell_002descape-command_002dline-option"></a>
-</dd>
-<dt><code class="code">--enable-write18</code></dt>
+<a id="index-shell-escape"></a><span><code class="code">--enable-write18</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-shell-escape"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">--disable-write18</code></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">--shell-escape</code></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">--no-shell-escape</code></dt>
@@ -24209,15 +25076,13 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Command-line-options-1">28.1 Command line options</h3>
 <code class="code">\write18{ls -l}</code>, then you do not get an error but the log
 file says &lsquo;<samp class="samp">runsystem(ls -l)...disabled</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dhalt_002don_002derror-command_002dline-option"></a>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">-halt-on-error</code></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dhalt_002don_002derror-command_002dline-option"></a><span><code class="code">-halt-on-error</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dhalt_002don_002derror-command_002dline-option"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dd><p>Stop processing at the first error.
 </p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dfile_002dline_002derror-command_002dline-option"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-command_002dline-option"></a>
 </dd>
-<dt><code class="code">-file-line-error</code></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-command_002dline-option"></a>
+<a id="index-_002d_002dfile_002dline_002derror-command_002dline-option"></a><span><code class="code">-file-line-error</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dfile_002dline_002derror-command_002dline-option"> &para;</a></span></dt>
 <dt><code class="code">-no-file-line-error</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Enable or disable <code class="code"><var class="var">filename</var>:<var class="var">lineno</var>:<var class="var">error</var></code>-style
 error messages.  These are only available with TeX Live or MacTeX.
@@ -24232,7 +25097,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Command-line-options-1">28.1 Command line options</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Jobname" accesskey="n" rel="next">Jobname</a>, Previous: <a href="#Command-line-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command line options</a>, Up: <a href="#Command-line-interface" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command line interface</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Command-line-input-1">28.2 Command line input</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Command-line-input-1"><span>28.2 Command line input<a class="copiable-link" href="#Command-line-input-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input_002c-on-command-line"></a>
 
@@ -24288,7 +25153,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Command-line-input-1">28.2 Command line input</h3>
 
 <p>The <code class="code">jobname</code> option is there because otherwise both files would be
 called <samp class="file">main.pdf</samp> and the second would overwrite the
-first. (see <a class="pxref" href="#Jobname">Jobname</a>.)
+first (see <a class="pxref" href="#Jobname">Jobname</a>).
 </p>
 <p>In this example we use the command line to select which parts of a
 document to include.  For a book named <samp class="file">mybook.tex</samp> and structured
@@ -24321,7 +25186,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Command-line-input-1">28.2 Command line input</h3>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Recovering-from-errors" accesskey="n" rel="next">Recovering from errors</a>, Previous: <a href="#Command-line-input" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command line input</a>, Up: <a href="#Command-line-interface" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command line interface</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Jobname-1">28.3 Jobname</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Jobname-1"><span>28.3 Jobname<a class="copiable-link" href="#Jobname-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cjobname"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-jobname-1"></a>
@@ -24339,19 +25204,19 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Jobname-1">28.3 Jobname</h3>
 </p>
 <p>In general, LaTeX is invoked as <code class="code"><var class="var">latex-engine</var>
 <var class="var">options</var> <var class="var">argument</var></code>, where <var class="var">latex-engine</var> is
-<code class="command">pdflatex</code>, <code class="command">lualatex</code>, etc. (see <a class="pxref" href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>).
-If <var class="var">argument</var> does not start with a backslash, as is the case above
-with <code class="code">thesis</code>, then TeX considers it to be the name of the file
-to input as the main document. This file is referred to as the <em class="dfn">root
-file</em> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a>, and&nbsp;<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cinput"><code class="code">\input</code></a>). The name of
-that root file, without the <samp class="file">.tex</samp> extension if any, is the
-jobname.  If <var class="var">argument</var> does start with a backslash, or if TeX is
-in interactive mode, then it waits for the first <code class="code">\input</code> command,
-and the jobname is the argument to <code class="code">\input</code>.
+<code class="command">pdflatex</code>, <code class="command">lualatex</code>, etc. (see <a class="pxref" href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a>).  If <var class="var">argument</var> does not start with a backslash, as is
+the case above with <code class="code">thesis</code>, then TeX considers it to be the
+name of the file to input as the main document. This file is referred
+to as the <em class="dfn">root file</em> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a>, and
+<a class="ref" href="#g_t_005cinput"><code class="code">\input</code></a>). The name of that root file, without the <samp class="file">.tex</samp>
+extension if any, is the jobname.  If <var class="var">argument</var> does start with a
+backslash, or if TeX is in interactive mode, then it waits for the
+first <code class="code">\input</code> command, and the jobname is the argument to
+<code class="code">\input</code>.
 </p>
 <p>There are two more possibilities for the jobname.  It can be directly
 specified with the <code class="code">-jobname</code> option, as in <code class="code">pdflatex
--jobname=myname</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a> for a real example).
+-jobname=myname</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a> for a practical example).
 </p>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-texput_002c-jobname-default"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fallback-jobname"></a>
@@ -24420,7 +25285,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Jobname-1">28.3 Jobname</h3>
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#Jobname" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Jobname</a>, Up: <a href="#Command-line-interface" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command line interface</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Recovering-from-errors-1">28.4 Recovering from errors</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Recovering-from-errors-1"><span>28.4 Recovering from errors<a class="copiable-link" href="#Recovering-from-errors-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <p>If LaTeX finds an error in your document then it gives you an error
 message and prompts you with a question mark, <code class="code">?</code>.  For instance,
@@ -24476,7 +25341,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Recovering-from-errors-1">28.4 Recovering from errors</h
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#Command-line-interface" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command line interface</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="appendix" id="Document-templates-1">Appendix A Document templates</h2>
+<h2 class="appendix" id="Document-templates-1"><span>Appendix A Document templates<a class="copiable-link" href="#Document-templates-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-document-templates"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-templates_002c-document"></a>
@@ -24499,7 +25364,7 @@ <h2 class="appendix" id="Document-templates-1">Appendix A Document templates</h2
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#article-template" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">article</code> template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="beamer-template-1">A.1 <code class="code">beamer</code> template</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="beamer-template-1"><span>A.1 <code class="code">beamer</code> template<a class="copiable-link" href="#beamer-template-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-beamer-template-and-class"></a>
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-template_002c-beamer"></a>
@@ -24542,7 +25407,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="beamer-template-1">A.1 <code class="code">beamer</code>
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#book-template" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">book</code> template</a>, Previous: <a href="#beamer-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">beamer</code> template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="article-template-1">A.2 <code class="code">article</code> template</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="article-template-1"><span>A.2 <code class="code">article</code> template<a class="copiable-link" href="#article-template-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-template-_0028simple_0029_002c-article"></a>
 
@@ -24574,7 +25439,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="article-template-1">A.2 <code class="code">article</code
 <p>
 Next: <a href="#Larger-book-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">Larger <code class="code">book</code> template</a>, Previous: <a href="#article-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">article</code> template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="book-template-1">A.3 <code class="code">book</code> template</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="book-template-1"><span>A.3 <code class="code">book</code> template<a class="copiable-link" href="#book-template-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-template_002c-book"></a>
 
@@ -24606,7 +25471,7 @@ <h3 class="section" id="book-template-1">A.3 <code class="code">book</code> temp
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#book-template" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">book</code> template</a>, Up: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document templates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Larger-book-template-1">A.4 Larger <code class="code">book</code> template</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Larger-book-template-1"><span>A.4 Larger <code class="code">book</code> template<a class="copiable-link" href="#Larger-book-template-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
 
 <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-template_002c-book-1"></a>
 
@@ -24674,37 +25539,43 @@ <h3 class="section" id="Larger-book-template-1">A.4 Larger <code class="code">bo
 <p>
 Previous: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Document templates</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
-<h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1">Index</h2>
+<h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1"><span>Index<a class="copiable-link" href="#Index-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
 
 <a class="anchor" id="Command-Index"></a>
 <div class="printindex cp-printindex">
-<table class="cp-letters-header-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>$</b></a>
+<table class="cp-letters-header-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>_</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>&amp;</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>-</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>*</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>:</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>-</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>.</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>.</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>[</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>/</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>{</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>1</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>}</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>:</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>*</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>[</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>/</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
 <a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>\</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>^</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>&amp;</b></a>
+ &nbsp; 
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>#</b></a>
+ &nbsp; 
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>%</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>_</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>^</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>~</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>~</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-16"><b>$</b></a>
+ &nbsp; 
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-17"><b>1</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
 <br>
 <a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -24757,2587 +25628,2710 @@ <h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1">Index</h2>
  &nbsp; 
 </td></tr></table>
 <table class="cp-entries-printindex" border="0">
-<tr><td></td><th class="entries-header-printindex">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th class="sections-header-printindex"> Section</th></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">$</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0024-inline-math"><code>$ <span class="r">inline math</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0024_0024_002e_002e_002e_0024_0024-plain-TeX-display-math"><code>$$...$$ <span class="r">plain TeX display math</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-2">&amp;</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0026-_0028for-table-cells_0029"><code>&amp; <span class="r">(for table cells)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-3">*</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a-prompt">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">*</samp>&rsquo; prompt</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Recovering-from-errors">Recovering from errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a_002c-to-_005cnocite-all-keys">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">*</samp>&rsquo;, to <code class="code">\nocite</code> all keys</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-environment-commands"><code class="code">*</code>-form of environment commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-sectioning-commands"><code class="code">*</code>-form of sectioning commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform_002c-defining-new-commands">*-form, defining new commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-4">-</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002ddisable_002dwrite18-command_002dline-option"><code>--disable-write18 <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dwrite18-command_002dline-option"><code>--enable-write18 <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dfile_002dline_002derror-command_002dline-option"><code>--file-line-error <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhalt_002don_002derror-command_002dline-option"><code>--halt-on-error <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-command_002dline-option"><code>--help <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dinteraction-command_002dline-option"><code>--interaction <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002djobname-command_002dline-option"><code>--jobname <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-command_002dline-option"><code>--no-file-line-error <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dshell_002descape-command_002dline-option"><code>--no-shell-escape <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002doutput_002ddirectory-command_002dline-option"><code>--output-directory <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dshell_002descape-command_002dline-option"><code>--shell-escape <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion-command_002dline-option"><code>--version <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d1_002c-write-stream-number"><em class="math">-1</em>, write stream number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-5">.</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eaux-file"><code>.aux <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eaux-file-and-BibTeX-commands"><code>.aux <span class="r">file and BibTeX commands</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002edvi-file"><code>.dvi <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002efmt-file"><code>.fmt <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eglo-file"><samp class="file">.glo</samp> file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eidx-file"><samp class="file">.idx</samp> file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eidx-file-1"><samp class="file">.idx</samp> file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eind-file"><samp class="file">.ind</samp> file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eisty-file"><samp class="file">.isty</samp> file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elof-file"><code>.lof <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elof-file-1"><code>.lof <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elof-file-2"><code>.lof <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elog-file"><code>.log <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elot-file"><code>.lot <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elot-file-1"><code>.lot <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elot-file-2"><code>.lot <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epdf-file"><code>.pdf <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etex_002c-default-extension"><code>.tex, <span class="r">default extension</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-interface">Command line interface</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file"><code>.toc <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file-1"><code>.toc <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file-2"><code>.toc <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002exdv-file"><code>.xdv <span class="r">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-6">/</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fbin_002fsh_002c-used-by-_005cwrite18"><code>/bin/sh<span class="r">, used by <code class="code">\write18</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-7">1</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-10pt-option"><code>10pt <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-11pt-option"><code>11pt <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-12pt-option"><code>12pt <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-8">:</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003a-_0028for-math_0029"><code>: <span class="r">(for math)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-9">[</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-_0028for-optional-arguments_0029"><code>[...] <span class="r">(for optional arguments)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-10">\</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c-_0028backslash_002dspace_0029"><code>\&nbsp;<!-- /@w --> <span class="r">(backslash-space)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c-character-starting-commands"><code>\ <span class="r">character starting commands</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0021"><code>\!</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029"><code>\&quot; <span class="r">(umlaut accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0023"><code>\#</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0024"><code>\$</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0025"><code>\%</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0026"><code>\&amp;</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0027-_0028acute-accent_0029"><code>\' <span class="r">(acute accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0027-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\' <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0028_002e_002e_002e_005c_0029-inline-math"><code>\(...\) <span class="r">inline math</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002a"><code>\*</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002b"><code>\+</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002c"><code>\,</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002d"><code>\-</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029"><code>\- <span class="r">(hyphenation)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">\- (hyphenation)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002e-_0028dot_002dover-accent_0029"><code>\. <span class="r">(dot-over accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002f"><code>\/</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003a"><code>\:</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003b"><code>\;</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003c"><code>\&lt;</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003d-_0028macron-accent_0029"><code>\= <span class="r">(macron accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003d-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\= <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003e"><code>\&gt;</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003e-1"><code>\&gt;</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003e-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\&gt; <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040"><code>\@</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040auxout"><code>\@auxout</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040beginparpenalty"><code>\@beginparpenalty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040dottedtocline"><code>\@dottedtocline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline">\@dottedtocline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040endparpenalty"><code>\@endparpenalty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040fnsymbol"><code>\@fnsymbol</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040ifstar"><code>\@ifstar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040itempenalty"><code>\@itempenalty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040mainaux"><code>\@mainaux</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040startsection"><code>\@startsection</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">\@startsection</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ca-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\a <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ca_0027-_0028acute-accent-in-tabbing_0029"><code>\a' <span class="r">(acute accent in tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ca_003d-_0028macron-accent-in-tabbing_0029"><code>\a= <span class="r">(macron accent in tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caa-_0028aa_0029"><code>\aa <span class="r">(&aring;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAA-_0028AA_0029"><code>\AA <span class="r">(&Aring;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caccent"><code>\accent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caccent">\accent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cacute"><code>\acute</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddcontentsline"><code>\addcontentsline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddress"><code>\address</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddress">\address</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddtocontents_007bext_007d_007btext_007d"><code>\addtocontents{<var class="var">ext</var>}{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddtocontents">\addtocontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddtocounter"><code>\addtocounter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter">\addtocounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddtolength"><code>\addtolength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddtolength">\addtolength</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddvspace"><code>\addvspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cae-_0028ae_0029"><code>\ae <span class="r">(&aelig;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAE-_0028AE_0029"><code>\AE <span class="r">(&AElig;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caleph"><code>\aleph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAlph-example"><code>\Alph <span class="r">example</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005calpha"><code>\alpha</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005calph_007bcounter_007d"><code>\alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAlph_007bcounter_007d"><code>\Alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005calsoname"><code>\alsoname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005camalg"><code>\amalg</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cand-_0028for-_005cauthor_0029"><code>\and <span class="r">(for <code class="code">\author</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cangle"><code>\angle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cappendix"><code>\appendix</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005capprox"><code>\approx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carabic_007bcounter_007d"><code>\arabic{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carccos"><code>\arccos</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carcsin"><code>\arcsin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carctan"><code>\arctan</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carg"><code>\arg</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carraycolsep"><code>\arraycolsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carrayrulewidth"><code>\arrayrulewidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carraystretch"><code>\arraystretch</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cast"><code>\ast</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005casymp"><code>\asymp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtBeginDocument"><code>\AtBeginDocument</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDocument">\AtBeginDocument</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtBeginDvi"><code>\AtBeginDvi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtEndDocument"><code>\AtEndDocument</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtEndDocument">\AtEndDocument</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtEndOfClass"><code>\AtEndOfClass</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtEndOfPackage"><code>\AtEndOfPackage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cauthor_007bname1-_005cand-name2-_005cand-_002e_002e_002e_007d"><code>\author{<var class="var">name1</var> \and <var class="var">name2</var> \and ...}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ca_0060-_0028grave-accent-in-tabbing_0029"><code>\a` <span class="r">(grave accent in tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cb-_0028bar_002dunder-accent_0029"><code>\b <span class="r">(bar-under accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbackmatter"><code>\backmatter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbackslash"><code>\backslash</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbar"><code>\bar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbaselineskip"><code>\baselineskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbaselineskip-1"><code>\baselineskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbaselinestretch"><code>\baselinestretch</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbegin"><code>\begin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbeta"><code>\beta</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbf"><code>\bf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbfseries"><code>\bfseries</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibdata"><code>\bibdata</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibitem"><code>\bibitem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbibitem">\bibitem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibliography"><code>\bibliography</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibliography-and-internal-_005cbibdata"><code>\bibliography <span class="r">and internal <code class="code">\bibdata</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibliographystyle"><code>\bibliographystyle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibliographystyle-and-internal-_005cbibstyle"><code>\bibliographystyle <span class="r">and internal <code class="code">\bibstyle</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibname"><code>\bibname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibstyle"><code>\bibstyle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigbreak"><code>\bigbreak</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">\bigbreak &amp; \medbreak &amp; \smallbreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigcap"><code>\bigcap</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigcirc"><code>\bigcirc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigcup"><code>\bigcup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigl"><code>\bigl</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl &amp; \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigodot"><code>\bigodot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigoplus"><code>\bigoplus</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigotimes"><code>\bigotimes</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigr"><code>\bigr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl &amp; \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigskip"><code>\bigskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigskip-1"><code>\bigskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigskipamount"><code>\bigskipamount</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigsqcup"><code>\bigsqcup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigtriangledown"><code>\bigtriangledown</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigtriangleup"><code>\bigtriangleup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbiguplus"><code>\biguplus</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigvee"><code>\bigvee</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigwedge"><code>\bigwedge</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbmod"><code>\bmod</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cboldmath"><code>\boldmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cboldmath-1"><code>\boldmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbot"><code>\bot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbottomfraction"><code>\bottomfraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbottomfraction-1"><code>\bottomfraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbowtie"><code>\bowtie</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cBox"><code>\Box</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbreve"><code>\breve</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbullet"><code>\bullet</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cc-_0028cedilla-accent_0029"><code>\c <span class="r">(cedilla accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccal"><code>\cal</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccap"><code>\cap</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalacute"><code>\capitalacute</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalbreve"><code>\capitalbreve</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalcaron"><code>\capitalcaron</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalcedilla"><code>\capitalcedilla</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalcircumflex"><code>\capitalcircumflex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitaldieresis"><code>\capitaldieresis</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitaldotaccent"><code>\capitaldotaccent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalgrave"><code>\capitalgrave</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalhungarumlaut"><code>\capitalhungarumlaut</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalmacron"><code>\capitalmacron</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalnewtie"><code>\capitalnewtie</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalogonek"><code>\capitalogonek</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalring"><code>\capitalring</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitaltie"><code>\capitaltie</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitaltilde"><code>\capitaltilde</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccaption"><code>\caption</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccaption">\caption</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccaption-1"><code>\caption</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccaption-2"><code>\caption</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccc"><code>\cc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccc">\cc</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccdot"><code>\cdot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccdots"><code>\cdots</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccentering"><code>\centering</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccentering">\centering</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cchapter"><code>\chapter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cchapter-1"><code>\chapter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccheck"><code>\check</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cCheckCommand"><code>\CheckCommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cCheckCommand_002a"><code>\CheckCommand*</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cchi"><code>\chi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccirc"><code>\circ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccircle"><code>\circle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccircle">\circle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccitation"><code>\citation</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccite"><code>\cite</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccite">\cite</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccite-and-internal-_005ccitation"><code>\cite <span class="r">and internal <code class="code">\citation</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassError"><code>\ClassError</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassInfo"><code>\ClassInfo</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassInfoNoLine"><code>\ClassInfoNoLine</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassWarning"><code>\ClassWarning</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassWarningNoLine"><code>\ClassWarningNoLine</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccleardoublepage"><code>\cleardoublepage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cclearpage"><code>\clearpage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccline"><code>\cline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccline">\cline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cclosein"><code>\closein</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccloseout"><code>\closeout</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cclosing"><code>\closing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclosing">\closing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cclubsuit"><code>\clubsuit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolon"><code>\colon</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnsep"><code>\columnsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnsep-1"><code>\columnsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnsep-2"><code>\columnsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnseprule"><code>\columnseprule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnseprule-1"><code>\columnseprule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnseprule-2"><code>\columnseprule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnwidth"><code>\columnwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnwidth-1"><code>\columnwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnwidth-2"><code>\columnwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccomplement"><code>\complement</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccong"><code>\cong</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccontentsline"><code>\contentsline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccontentsline-1"><code>\contentsline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccontentsline-2"><code>\contentsline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccoprod"><code>\coprod</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccopyright"><code>\copyright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccos"><code>\cos</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccosh"><code>\cosh</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccot"><code>\cot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccoth"><code>\coth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccsc"><code>\csc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccup"><code>\cup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cCurrentOption"><code>\CurrentOption</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cd-_0028dot_002dunder-accent_0029"><code>\d <span class="r">(dot-under accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdag"><code>\dag</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdagger"><code>\dagger</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdashbox"><code>\dashbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cdashbox">\dashbox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdashv"><code>\dashv</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdate_007btext_007d"><code>\date{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cday"><code>\day</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear">\day &amp; \month &amp; \year</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdblfloatpagefraction"><code>\dblfloatpagefraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdblfloatsep"><code>\dblfloatsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdbltextfloatsep"><code>\dbltextfloatsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdbltopfraction"><code>\dbltopfraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdbltopnumber"><code>\dbltopnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cddag"><code>\ddag</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cddagger"><code>\ddagger</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cddot"><code>\ddot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cddots"><code>\ddots</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareFontEncoding"><code>\DeclareFontEncoding</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding">\DeclareFontEncoding</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions"><code>\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareGraphicsRule"><code>\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule">\DeclareGraphicsRule</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareOption"><code>\DeclareOption</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareOption_002a"><code>\DeclareOption*</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareRobustCommand"><code>\DeclareRobustCommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareRobustCommand_002a"><code>\DeclareRobustCommand*</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextAccent"><code>\DeclareTextAccent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent">\DeclareTextAccent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextAccent-1"><code>\DeclareTextAccent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault"><code>\DeclareTextAccentDefault</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextCommand"><code>\DeclareTextCommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand">\DeclareTextCommand &amp; \ProvideTextCommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault"><code>\DeclareTextCommandDefault</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault">\DeclareTextCommandDefault &amp; \ProvideTextCommandDefault</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextComposite"><code>\DeclareTextComposite</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite">\DeclareTextComposite</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand"><code>\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextSymbol"><code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand">\DeclareTextCommand &amp; \ProvideTextCommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextSymbol-1"><code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol">\DeclareTextSymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextSymbol-2"><code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault"><code>\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdeg"><code>\deg</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDelayedShellEscape"><code>\DelayedShellEscape</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDelta"><code>\Delta</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdelta"><code>\delta</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdet"><code>\det</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdh-_0028d_0029"><code>\dh <span class="r">(&eth;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDH-_0028D_0029"><code>\DH <span class="r">(&ETH;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDiamond"><code>\Diamond</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdiamond"><code>\diamond</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdiamondsuit"><code>\diamondsuit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdim"><code>\dim</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdisplaystyle"><code>\displaystyle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdiv"><code>\div</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdj"><code>\dj</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDJ"><code>\DJ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdocumentclass"><code>\documentclass</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdocumentclass_002c-and-texput-jobname"><code>\documentclass<span class="r">, and <code class="code">texput</code> jobname</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdot"><code>\dot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdoteq"><code>\doteq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdotfill"><code>\dotfill</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">\hrulefill &amp; \dotfill</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdots"><code>\dots</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdots-1"><code>\dots</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdots-2"><code>\dots</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdotsb"><code>\dotsb</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdotsc"><code>\dotsc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdotsi"><code>\dotsi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdoublerulesep"><code>\doublerulesep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdownarrow"><code>\downarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDownarrow"><code>\Downarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cell"><code>\ell</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cemph"><code>\emph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cemptyset"><code>\emptyset</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cencl"><code>\encl</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cencl">\encl</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cend"><code>\end</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cendinput"><code>\endinput</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cendinput">\endinput</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenlargethispage"><code>\enlargethispage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">\enlargethispage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005censpace"><code>\enspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">\enspace &amp; \quad &amp; \qquad</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenumi"><code>\enumi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenumii"><code>\enumii</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenumiii"><code>\enumiii</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenumiv"><code>\enumiv</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsilon"><code>\epsilon</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cequiv"><code>\equiv</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ceta"><code>\eta</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cevensidemargin"><code>\evensidemargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cevensidemargin-1"><code>\evensidemargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cevensidemargin-2"><code>\evensidemargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cExecuteOptions"><code>\ExecuteOptions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cexists"><code>\exists</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cexp"><code>\exp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cexternaldocument"><code>\externaldocument</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cextracolsep"><code>\extracolsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfbox"><code>\fbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxrule-1"><code>\fboxrule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxrule">\fboxrule</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxrule-2"><code>\fboxrule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxsep-1"><code>\fboxsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxsep">\fboxsep</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxsep-2"><code>\fboxsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfill"><code>\fill</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cflat"><code>\flat</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfloatpagefraction"><code>\floatpagefraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfloatpagefraction-1"><code>\floatpagefraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfloatsep"><code>\floatsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfloatsep-1"><code>\floatsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cflushbottom"><code>\flushbottom</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cflushbottom">\flushbottom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfnsymbol_002c-and-footnotes"><code>\fnsymbol<span class="r">, and footnotes</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfnsymbol_007bcounter_007d"><code>\fnsymbol{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontdimen1"><code>\fontdimen1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontencoding"><code>\fontencoding</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontfamily"><code>\fontfamily</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontseries"><code>\fontseries</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontshape"><code>\fontshape</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontsize"><code>\fontsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnote"><code>\footnote</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotemark"><code>\footnotemark</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnoterule"><code>\footnoterule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotesep"><code>\footnotesep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotesize"><code>\footnotesize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotetext"><code>\footnotetext</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">\footnotetext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootskip"><code>\footskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootskip-1"><code>\footskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cforall"><code>\forall</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfrac"><code>\frac</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrac">\frac</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cframe"><code>\frame</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cframe">\frame</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cframebox"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cframebox-1"><code>\framebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfrenchspacing"><code>\frenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing &amp; \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfrontmatter"><code>\frontmatter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfrown"><code>\frown</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfussy"><code>\fussy</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy &amp; \sloppy</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cGamma"><code>\Gamma</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgamma"><code>\gamma</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgcd"><code>\gcd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cge"><code>\ge</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgeq"><code>\geq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgets"><code>\gets</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgg"><code>\gg</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgls"><code>\gls</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgls">\gls</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgraphicspath"><code>\graphicspath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath">\graphicspath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgraphpaper"><code>\graphpaper</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgraphpaper">\graphpaper</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgrave"><code>\grave</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguillemotleft-_0028_00ab_0029"><code>\guillemotleft <span class="r">(&laquo;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguillemotright-_0028_00bb_0029"><code>\guillemotright <span class="r">(&raquo;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguilsinglleft-_0028_2039_0029"><code>\guilsinglleft <span class="r">(&lsaquo;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguilsinglright-_0028_203a_0029"><code>\guilsinglright <span class="r">(&rsaquo;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cH-_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029"><code>\H <span class="r">(Hungarian umlaut accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chat"><code>\hat</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chbar"><code>\hbar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheadheight"><code>\headheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheadheight-1"><code>\headheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheadsep"><code>\headsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheadsep-1"><code>\headsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheartsuit"><code>\heartsuit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chfill"><code>\hfill</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chline"><code>\hline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chline">\hline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chom"><code>\hom</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chookleftarrow"><code>\hookleftarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chookrightarrow"><code>\hookrightarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chphantom"><code>\hphantom</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chrulefill"><code>\hrulefill</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">\hrulefill &amp; \dotfill</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chsize"><code>\hsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chsize-1"><code>\hsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chspace"><code>\hspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chspace">\hspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chss"><code>\hss</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chss">\hss</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chuge"><code>\huge</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cHuge"><code>\Huge</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chyphenation"><code>\hyphenation</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chyphenation">\hyphenation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ci-_0028dotless-i_0029"><code>\i <span class="r">(dotless i)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cIfBeginWith_002a-macro-from-xstring"><code>\IfBeginWith*<span class="r"> macro from <samp class="file">xstring</samp></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ciff"><code>\iff</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cIfFileExists"><code>\IfFileExists</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cignorespaces"><code>\ignorespaces</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cignorespacesafterend"><code>\ignorespacesafterend</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cij-_0028ij_0029"><code>\ij <span class="r">(ij)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cIJ-_0028IJ_0029"><code>\IJ <span class="r">(IJ)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cIm"><code>\Im</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cimath"><code>\imath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cimmediate_005cwrite"><code>\immediate\write</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cin"><code>\in</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinclude"><code>\include</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include &amp; \includeonly</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cincludegraphics"><code>\includegraphics</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cincludeonly"><code>\includeonly</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include &amp; \includeonly</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindent"><code>\indent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindex"><code>\index</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindex-1"><code>\index</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindexentry"><code>\indexentry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindexspace"><code>\indexspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindexspace-1"><code>\indexspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinf"><code>\inf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinfty"><code>\infty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinput"><code>\input</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinput">\input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinputencoding"><code>\inputencoding</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cInputIfFileExists"><code>\InputIfFileExists</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cint"><code>\int</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cintextsep"><code>\intextsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cintextsep-1"><code>\intextsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ciota"><code>\iota</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cit"><code>\it</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem"><code>\item</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem-1"><code>\item</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem-2"><code>\item</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem-3"><code>\item</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem-4"><code>\item</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citemindent"><code>\itemindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citemsep"><code>\itemsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citshape"><code>\itshape</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cj-_0028dotless-j_0029"><code>\j <span class="r">(dotless j)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cjmath"><code>\jmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cjobname"><code><code class="code">\jobname</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cjobname-1"><code>\jobname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cJoin"><code>\Join</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ck-_0028ogonek_0029"><code>\k <span class="r">(ogonek)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ckappa"><code>\kappa</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cker"><code>\ker</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ckill"><code>\kill</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cl-_0028l_0029"><code>\l <span class="r">(&#322;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cL-_0028L_0029"><code>\L <span class="r">(&#321;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cl_0040chapter"><code>\l@chapter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cl_0040section"><code>\l@section</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cl_0040subsection"><code>\l@subsection</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabel"><code>\label</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clabel">\label</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelenumi"><code>\labelenumi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelenumii"><code>\labelenumii</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelenumiii"><code>\labelenumiii</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelenumiv"><code>\labelenumiv</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelitemi"><code>\labelitemi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelitemii"><code>\labelitemii</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelitemiii"><code>\labelitemiii</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelitemiv"><code>\labelitemiv</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelsep"><code>\labelsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelwidth"><code>\labelwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLambda"><code>\Lambda</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clambda"><code>\lambda</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cland"><code>\land</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clangle"><code>\langle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clarge"><code>\large</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLarge"><code>\Large</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLARGE"><code>\LARGE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLastDeclaredEncoding"><code>\LastDeclaredEncoding</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cLastDeclaredEncoding">\LastDeclaredEncoding</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLaTeX"><code>\LaTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLaTeXe"><code>\LaTeXe</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clbrace"><code>\lbrace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clbrack"><code>\lbrack</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clceil"><code>\lceil</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cldots"><code>\ldots</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cldots-1"><code>\ldots</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cle"><code>\le</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleadsto"><code>\leadsto</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleft"><code>\left</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLeftarrow"><code>\Leftarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftarrow"><code>\leftarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clefteqn"><code>\lefteqn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftharpoondown"><code>\leftharpoondown</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftharpoonup"><code>\leftharpoonup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmargin"><code>\leftmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmargin-1"><code>\leftmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmargini"><code>\leftmargini</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginii"><code>\leftmarginii</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginiii"><code>\leftmarginiii</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginiv"><code>\leftmarginiv</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginv"><code>\leftmarginv</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginvi"><code>\leftmarginvi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLeftrightarrow"><code>\Leftrightarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftrightarrow"><code>\leftrightarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleq"><code>\leq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clfloor"><code>\lfloor</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clg"><code>\lg</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clhd"><code>\lhd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clim"><code>\lim</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005climinf"><code>\liminf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005climsup"><code>\limsup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cline"><code>\line</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinebreak"><code>\linebreak</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clineskip"><code>\lineskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clineskiplimit"><code>\lineskiplimit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinespread"><code>\linespread</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinespread-1"><code>\linespread</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinethickness"><code>\linethickness</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinethickness">\linethickness</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinewidth"><code>\linewidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinewidth-1"><code>\linewidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistoffigures"><code>\listoffigures</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistoffigures-1"><code>\listoffigures</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistoftables"><code>\listoftables</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistoftables-1"><code>\listoftables</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistparindent"><code>\listparindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cll"><code>\ll</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cln"><code>\ln</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clnot"><code>\lnot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLoadClass"><code>\LoadClass</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLoadClassWithOptions"><code>\LoadClassWithOptions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clocation"><code>\location</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clocation">\location</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clog"><code>\log</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clong"><code>\long</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clongleftarrow"><code>\longleftarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clongleftrightarrow"><code>\longleftrightarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clongmapsto"><code>\longmapsto</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clongrightarrow"><code>\longrightarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clor"><code>\lor</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clq"><code>\lq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmainmatter"><code>\mainmatter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeatother"><code>\makeatother</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeatother-1"><code>\makeatother</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakebox"><code>\makebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakebox-_0028for-picture_0029"><code>\makebox <span class="r">(for <code class="code">picture</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">\makebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeglossary"><code>\makeglossary</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeglossary-1"><code>\makeglossary</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeindex"><code>\makeindex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakelabel"><code>\makelabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakelabels"><code>\makelabels</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">\makelabels</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmaketitle"><code>\maketitle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmapsto"><code>\mapsto</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginpar"><code>\marginpar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparpush"><code>\marginparpush</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparpush-1"><code>\marginparpush</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparpush-2"><code>\marginparpush</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparsep"><code>\marginparsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparwidth"><code>\marginparwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparwidth-1"><code>\marginparwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparwidth-2"><code>\marginparwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginsep"><code>\marginsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginsep-1"><code>\marginsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarkboth_007bleft_002dhead_007d_007bright_002dhead_007d"><code>\markboth{<var class="var">left-head</var>}{<var class="var">right-head</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarkright_007bright_002dhead_007d"><code>\markright{<var class="var">right-head</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathbf"><code>\mathbf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathcal"><code>\mathcal</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathdollar"><code>\mathdollar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathellipsis"><code>\mathellipsis</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathnormal"><code>\mathnormal</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathparagraph"><code>\mathparagraph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathring"><code>\mathring</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathrm"><code>\mathrm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathsection"><code>\mathsection</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathsf"><code>\mathsf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathsterling"><code>\mathsterling</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathstrut"><code><code class="code">\mathstrut</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathtt"><code>\mathtt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathunderscore"><code>\mathunderscore</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathversion"><code>\mathversion</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmax"><code>\max</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmbox"><code>\mbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmdseries"><code>\mdseries</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedbreak"><code>\medbreak</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">\bigbreak &amp; \medbreak &amp; \smallbreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedskip"><code>\medskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedskip-1"><code>\medskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedskipamount"><code>\medskipamount</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedspace"><code>\medspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmessage"><code>\message</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmessage">\message</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmho"><code>\mho</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmid"><code>\mid</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmin"><code>\min</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmodels"><code>\models</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmonth"><code>\month</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear">\day &amp; \month &amp; \year</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmp"><code>\mp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmu"><code>\mu</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmulticolumn"><code>\multicolumn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn">\multicolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmultiput"><code>\multiput</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmultiput">\multiput</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnabla"><code>\nabla</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cname"><code>\name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cname">\name</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnatural"><code>\natural</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cne"><code>\ne</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnearrow"><code>\nearrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cNeedsTeXFormat"><code>\NeedsTeXFormat</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cneg"><code>\neg</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnegmedspace"><code>\negmedspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnegthickspace"><code>\negthickspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnegthinspace"><code>\negthinspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnegthinspace-1"><code>\negthinspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cneq"><code>\neq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewcommand"><code>\newcommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewcounter"><code>\newcounter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">\newcounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewenvironment"><code>\newenvironment</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewfont"><code>\newfont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewglossaryentry"><code>\newglossaryentry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewlength"><code>\newlength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewline"><code>\newline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cNEWLINE">\<kbd class="key">NEWLINE</kbd></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewpage"><code>\newpage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewsavebox"><code>\newsavebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">\newsavebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewtheorem"><code>\newtheorem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewtie"><code>\newtie</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewwrite"><code>\newwrite</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cng"><code>\ng</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cNG"><code>\NG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cni"><code>\ni</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocite"><code>\nocite</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnocite">\nocite</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocite-and-internal-_005ccitation"><code>\nocite <span class="r">and internal <code class="code">\citation</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocite-_007b_002a_007d_002c-for-all-keys"><code>\nocite <span class="r">{*}, for all keys</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocorr"><code>\nocorr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocorrlist"><code>\nocorrlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnofiles"><code>\nofiles</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnofiles">\nofiles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnoindent"><code>\noindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnolinebreak"><code>\nolinebreak</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"><code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing &amp; \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnonumber"><code>\nonumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnopagebreak"><code>\nopagebreak</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnormalfont"><code>\normalfont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnormalmarginpar"><code>\normalmarginpar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnormalsfcodes"><code>\normalsfcodes</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">\normalsfcodes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnormalsize"><code>\normalsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnot"><code>\not</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnotin"><code>\notin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnu"><code>\nu</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnumberline"><code>\numberline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnumberline">\numberline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnwarrow"><code>\nwarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005co-_0028o_0029"><code>\o <span class="r">(&oslash;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cO-_0028O_0029"><code>\O <span class="r">(&Oslash;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cobeycr"><code>\obeycr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coddsidemargin"><code>\oddsidemargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coddsidemargin-1"><code>\oddsidemargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coddsidemargin-2"><code>\oddsidemargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005codot"><code>\odot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coe-_0028oe_0029"><code>\oe <span class="r">(&oelig;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cOE-_0028OE_0029"><code>\OE <span class="r">(&OElig;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coint"><code>\oint</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coldstylenums"><code>\oldstylenums</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cOmega"><code>\Omega</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005comega"><code>\omega</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cominus"><code>\ominus</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005conecolumn"><code>\onecolumn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005conecolumn">\onecolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005copenin"><code>\openin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005copening"><code>\opening</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copening">\opening</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005copenout"><code>\openout</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coplus"><code>\oplus</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cOptionNotUsed"><code>\OptionNotUsed</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coslash"><code>\oslash</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cotimes"><code>\otimes</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coval"><code>\oval</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005coval">\oval</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d"><code>\overbrace{<var class="var">math</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coverline_007btext_007d"><code>\overline{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cowns"><code>\owns</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cP"><code>\P</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageError"><code>\PackageError</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageInfo"><code>\PackageInfo</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageInfoNoLine"><code>\PackageInfoNoLine</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageWarning"><code>\PackageWarning</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageWarningNoLine"><code>\PackageWarningNoLine</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpagebreak"><code>\pagebreak</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpagenumbering"><code>\pagenumbering</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpageref"><code>\pageref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpageref">\pageref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpagestyle"><code>\pagestyle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpaperheight"><code>\paperheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpaperheight-1"><code>\paperheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpaperwidth"><code>\paperwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpaperwidth-1"><code>\paperwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpar"><code>\par</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpar">\par</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparagraph"><code>\paragraph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparagraph-1"><code>\paragraph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparallel"><code>\parallel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparbox"><code>\parbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparbox">\parbox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparindent"><code>\parindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparindent-1"><code>\parindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparindent-2"><code>\parindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparsep"><code>\parsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparskip"><code>\parskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparskip-example"><code>\parskip <span class="r">example</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpart"><code>\part</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpart-1"><code>\part</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpartial"><code>\partial</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpartopsep"><code>\partopsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPassOptionsToClass"><code>\PassOptionsToClass</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPassOptionsToPackage"><code>\PassOptionsToPackage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpdfpageheight"><code>\pdfpageheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpdfpagewidth"><code>\pdfpagewidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cperp"><code>\perp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cphantom"><code>\phantom</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPhi"><code>\Phi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cphi"><code>\phi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPi"><code>\Pi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpi"><code>\pi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpm"><code>\pm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpmod"><code>\pmod</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpoptabs"><code>\poptabs</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpoptabs-1"><code>\poptabs</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpounds"><code>\pounds</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPr"><code>\Pr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprec"><code>\prec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpreceq"><code>\preceq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprevdepth"><code>\prevdepth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprime"><code>\prime</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprintglossaries"><code>\printglossaries</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprintglossaries-1"><code>\printglossaries</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprintindex"><code>\printindex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprintindex">\printindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProcessOptions"><code>\ProcessOptions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProcessOptions_002a"><code>\ProcessOptions*</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprod"><code>\prod</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpropto"><code>\propto</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprotect"><code>\protect</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprotected_0040write"><code>\protected@write</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprovidecommand"><code>\providecommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand">\providecommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvidesClass"><code>\ProvidesClass</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvidesFile"><code>\ProvidesFile</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvidesPackage"><code>\ProvidesPackage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvideTextCommand"><code>\ProvideTextCommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand">\DeclareTextCommand &amp; \ProvideTextCommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault"><code>\ProvideTextCommandDefault</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault">\DeclareTextCommandDefault &amp; \ProvideTextCommandDefault</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cps"><code>\ps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cps">\ps</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPsi"><code>\Psi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpsi"><code>\psi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpushtabs"><code>\pushtabs</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cput"><code>\put</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cput">\put</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cqbezier"><code>\qbezier</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cqbezier">\qbezier</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cqquad"><code>\qquad</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cqquad-1"><code>\qquad</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">\enspace &amp; \quad &amp; \qquad</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cquad"><code>\quad</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cquad-1"><code>\quad</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">\enspace &amp; \quad &amp; \qquad</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cquotedblbase-_0028_201e_0029"><code>\quotedblbase <span class="r">(&bdquo;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cquotesinglbase-_0028_201a_0029"><code>\quotesinglbase <span class="r">(&sbquo;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cr-_0028ring-accent_0029"><code>\r <span class="r">(ring accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005craggedbottom"><code>\raggedbottom</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">\raggedbottom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005craggedleft"><code>\raggedleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005craggedright"><code>\raggedright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005craisebox"><code>\raisebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craisebox">\raisebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crangle"><code>\rangle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crbrace"><code>\rbrace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crbrack"><code>\rbrack</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crceil"><code>\rceil</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRe"><code>\Re</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cread"><code>\read</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cref"><code>\ref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005creflectbox"><code>\reflectbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crefname"><code>\refname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crefstepcounter"><code>\refstepcounter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter">\refstepcounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crenewcommand"><code>\renewcommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crenewenvironment"><code>\renewenvironment</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRequirePackage"><code>\RequirePackage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRequirePackage_002c-and-texput-jobname"><code>\RequirePackage<span class="r">, and <code class="code">texput</code> jobname</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions"><code>\RequirePackageWithOptions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cresizebox"><code>\resizebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crestorecr"><code>\restorecr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crestriction"><code>\restriction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crevemptyset"><code>\revemptyset</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005creversemarginpar"><code>\reversemarginpar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crfloor"><code>\rfloor</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crhd"><code>\rhd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crho"><code>\rho</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cright"><code>\right</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRightarrow"><code>\Rightarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightarrow"><code>\rightarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightharpoondown"><code>\rightharpoondown</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightharpoonup"><code>\rightharpoonup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightleftharpoons"><code>\rightleftharpoons</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightmargin"><code>\rightmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crm"><code>\rm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crmfamily"><code>\rmfamily</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005croman_007bcounter_007d"><code>\roman{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRoman_007bcounter_007d"><code>\Roman{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crotatebox"><code>\rotatebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crq"><code>\rq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crule"><code>\rule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cS"><code>\S</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csamepage"><code>\samepage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csavebox"><code>\savebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox">\sbox &amp; \savebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csbox"><code>\sbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox">\sbox &amp; \savebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csc"><code>\sc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscalebox"><code>\scalebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscriptscriptstyle"><code>\scriptscriptstyle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscriptsize"><code>\scriptsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscriptstyle"><code>\scriptstyle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscshape"><code>\scshape</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csearrow"><code>\searrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csec"><code>\sec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csection"><code>\section</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csection-1"><code>\section</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cseename"><code>\seename</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cselectfont"><code>\selectfont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csetcounter"><code>\setcounter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csetlength"><code>\setlength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetlength">\setlength</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csetminus"><code>\setminus</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csettodepth"><code>\settodepth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csettodepth">\settodepth</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csettoheight"><code>\settoheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csettoheight">\settoheight</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csettowidth"><code>\settowidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csettowidth">\settowidth</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csf"><code>\sf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csffamily"><code>\sffamily</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csharp"><code>\sharp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cShellEscape"><code>\ShellEscape</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cshipout-and-expansion"><code>\shipout <span class="r">and expansion</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cshortstack"><code>\shortstack</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cshortstack">\shortstack</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cSigma"><code>\Sigma</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csigma"><code>\sigma</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csignature"><code>\signature</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csignature">\signature</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csim"><code>\sim</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csimeq"><code>\simeq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csin"><code>\sin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csinh"><code>\sinh</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csl"><code>\sl</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csloppy"><code>\sloppy</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy &amp; \sloppy</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cslshape"><code>\slshape</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmall"><code>\small</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallbreak"><code>\smallbreak</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">\bigbreak &amp; \medbreak &amp; \smallbreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallint"><code>\smallint</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallskip"><code>\smallskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallskip-1"><code>\smallskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallskipamount"><code>\smallskipamount</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmile"><code>\smile</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE">\<kbd class="key">SPACE</kbd></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE-1"><code>\<kbd class="key">SPACE</kbd></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspace"><code>\space</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include &amp; \includeonly</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspace-1"><code>\space</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinput">\input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspace-2"><code>\space</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctypeout">\typeout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspacefactor"><code>\spacefactor</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspadesuit"><code>\spadesuit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqcap"><code>\sqcap</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqcup"><code>\sqcup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqrt"><code>\sqrt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqsubset"><code>\sqsubset</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqsubseteq"><code>\sqsubseteq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqsupset"><code>\sqsupset</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqsupseteq"><code>\sqsupseteq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005css-_0028ss_0029"><code>\ss <span class="r">(&szlig;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cSS-_0028SS_0029"><code>\SS <span class="r">(SS)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstackrel"><code>\stackrel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstackrel">\stackrel</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstar"><code>\star</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstepcounter"><code>\stepcounter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter">\stepcounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstop"><code>\stop</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Recovering-from-errors">Recovering from errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstretch"><code>\stretch</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstretch">\stretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstrut"><code>\strut</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubitem"><code>\subitem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubparagraph"><code>\subparagraph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubparagraph-1"><code>\subparagraph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsection"><code>\subsection</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsection-1"><code>\subsection</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubset"><code>\subset</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubseteq"><code>\subseteq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsubitem"><code>\subsubitem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsubsection"><code>\subsubsection</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsubsection-1"><code>\subsubsection</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csucc"><code>\succ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csucceq"><code>\succeq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csum"><code>\sum</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csup"><code>\sup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csuppressfloats"><code>\suppressfloats</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csupset"><code>\supset</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csupseteq"><code>\supseteq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csurd"><code>\surd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cswarrow"><code>\swarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csymbf"><code>\symbf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csymbfit"><code>\symbfit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csymbol"><code>\symbol</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Symbols-by-font-position">Symbols by font position</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ct-_0028tie_002dafter-accent_0029"><code>\t <span class="r">(tie-after accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cTAB">\<kbd class="key">TAB</kbd></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctabbingsep"><code>\tabbingsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctabcolsep"><code>\tabcolsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctableofcontents"><code>\tableofcontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctableofcontents-1"><code>\tableofcontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctan"><code>\tan</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctanh"><code>\tanh</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctau"><code>\tau</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctelephone"><code>\telephone</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctelephone">\telephone</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cTeX"><code>\TeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextascendercompwordmark"><code>\textascendercompwordmark</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextasciicircum"><code>\textasciicircum</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextasciitilde"><code>\textasciitilde</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextasteriskcentered"><code>\textasteriskcentered</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbackslash"><code>\textbackslash</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbackslash-1"><code>\textbackslash</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbar"><code>\textbar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbardbl"><code>\textbardbl</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbf"><code>\textbf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbigcircle"><code>\textbigcircle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbraceleft"><code>\textbraceleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbraceright"><code>\textbraceright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbullet"><code>\textbullet</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextcapitalcompwordmark"><code>\textcapitalcompwordmark</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextcircled_007bletter_007d"><code>\textcircled{<var class="var">letter</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextcompwordmark"><code>\textcompwordmark</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextcopyright"><code>\textcopyright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextdagger"><code>\textdagger</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextdaggerdbl"><code>\textdaggerdbl</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextdollar-_0028or-_005c_0024_0029"><code>\textdollar <span class="r">(or <code class="code">\$</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextellipsis"><code>\textellipsis</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextemdash-_0028or-_002d_002d_002d_0029"><code>\textemdash <span class="r">(or <code class="code">---</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextendash-_0028or-_002d_002d_0029"><code>\textendash <span class="r">(or <code class="code">--</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexteuro"><code>\texteuro</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextexclamdown-_0028or-_0021_0060_0029"><code>\textexclamdown <span class="r">(or <code class="code">!`</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfiguredash"><code>\textfiguredash</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfloatsep"><code>\textfloatsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfloatsep-1"><code>\textfloatsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfraction"><code>\textfraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfraction-1"><code>\textfraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextgreater"><code>\textgreater</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextheight"><code>\textheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextheight-1"><code>\textheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexthorizontalbar"><code>\texthorizontalbar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextit"><code>\textit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextleftarrow"><code>\textleftarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextless"><code>\textless</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextmd"><code>\textmd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextnonbreakinghyphen"><code>\textnonbreakinghyphen</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextnormal"><code>\textnormal</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextordfeminine"><code>\textordfeminine</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextordmasculine"><code>\textordmasculine</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextparagraph"><code>\textparagraph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextperiodcentered"><code>\textperiodcentered</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquestiondown-_0028or-_003f_0060_0029"><code>\textquestiondown <span class="r">(or <code class="code">?`</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotedblleft-_0028or-_0060_0060_0029"><code>\textquotedblleft <span class="r">(or <code class="code">``</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotedblright-_0028or-_0027_0027_0029"><code>\textquotedblright <span class="r">(or <code class="code">''</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquoteleft-_0028or-_0060_0029"><code>\textquoteleft <span class="r">(or <code class="code">`</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquoteright-_0028or-_0027_0029"><code>\textquoteright <span class="r">(or <code class="code">'</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotesingle"><code>\textquotesingle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotestraightbase"><code>\textquotestraightbase</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotestraightdblbase"><code>\textquotestraightdblbase</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextregistered"><code>\textregistered</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextrightarrow"><code>\textrightarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextrm"><code>\textrm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsc"><code>\textsc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsection"><code>\textsection</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsf"><code>\textsf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsl"><code>\textsl</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsterling"><code>\textsterling</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextstyle"><code>\textstyle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextthreequartersemdash"><code>\textthreequartersemdash</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexttrademark"><code>\texttrademark</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexttt"><code>\texttt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexttwelveudash"><code>\texttwelveudash</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextunderscore"><code>\textunderscore</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextup"><code>\textup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextvisiblespace"><code>\textvisiblespace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextwidth"><code>\textwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextwidth-1"><code>\textwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cth-_0028th_0029"><code>\th <span class="r">(&thorn;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cTH-_0028TH_0029"><code>\TH <span class="r">(&THORN;)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthanks_007btext_007d"><code>\thanks{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctheta"><code>\theta</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthicklines"><code>\thicklines</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthicklines">\thicklines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthickspace"><code>\thickspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthinlines"><code>\thinlines</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinlines">\thinlines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthinspace"><code>\thinspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthinspace-1"><code>\thinspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthispagestyle"><code>\thispagestyle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">\thispagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctilde"><code>\tilde</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctimes"><code>\times</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctiny"><code>\tiny</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctitle_007btext_007d"><code>\title{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cto"><code>\to</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctoday"><code>\today</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctop"><code>\top</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopfraction"><code>\topfraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopfraction-1"><code>\topfraction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopmargin"><code>\topmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopsep"><code>\topsep</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopskip"><code>\topskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopskip-1"><code>\topskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctriangle"><code>\triangle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctriangleleft"><code>\triangleleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctriangleright"><code>\triangleright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctt"><code>\tt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cttfamily"><code>\ttfamily</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctwocolumn"><code>\twocolumn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctypein"><code>\typein</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctypein">\typein</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctypeout"><code>\typeout</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctypeout">\typeout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cu-_0028breve-accent_0029"><code>\u <span class="r">(breve accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunboldmath"><code>\unboldmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunboldmath-1"><code>\unboldmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunderbar"><code>\underbar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d"><code>\underbrace{<var class="var">math</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunderline_007btext_007d"><code>\underline{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunitlength"><code>\unitlength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunlhd"><code>\unlhd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunrhd"><code>\unrhd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUparrow"><code>\Uparrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cuparrow"><code>\uparrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUpdownarrow"><code>\Updownarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cupdownarrow"><code>\updownarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cupharpoonright"><code>\upharpoonright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cuplus"><code>\uplus</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cupshape"><code>\upshape</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUpsilon"><code>\Upsilon</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cupsilon"><code>\upsilon</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cusebox"><code>\usebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusebox">\usebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cusecounter"><code>\usecounter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cusefont"><code>\usefont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cusepackage"><code>\usepackage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-packages">Additional packages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUseTextAccent"><code>\UseTextAccent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cUseTextSymbol-_0026-_005cUseTextAccent">\UseTextSymbol &amp; \UseTextAccent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUseTextSymbol"><code>\UseTextSymbol</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cUseTextSymbol-_0026-_005cUseTextAccent">\UseTextSymbol &amp; \UseTextAccent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cv-_0028breve-accent_0029"><code>\v <span class="r">(breve accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvalue"><code>\value</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvalue">\value</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvanothing"><code>\vanothing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarepsilon"><code>\varepsilon</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarphi"><code>\varphi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarpi"><code>\varpi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarrho"><code>\varrho</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarsigma"><code>\varsigma</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvartheta"><code>\vartheta</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvbox-_0028plain-TeX_0029"><code>\vbox <span class="r">(plain TeX)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvdash"><code>\vdash</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvdots"><code>\vdots</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvec"><code>\vec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvector"><code>\vector</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvector">\vector</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvee"><code>\vee</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cverb"><code>\verb</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cVert"><code>\Vert</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvert"><code>\vert</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvfill"><code>\vfill</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvline"><code>\vline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvline">\vline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvphantom"><code>\vphantom</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvspace"><code>\vspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvtop-plain-TeX"><code>\vtop <span class="r">plain TeX</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwedge"><code>\wedge</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwidehat"><code>\widehat</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwidetilde"><code>\widetilde</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwlog"><code>\wlog</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwlog">\wlog</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwp"><code>\wp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwr"><code>\wr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite"><code>\write</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite-and-security"><code class="code">\write</code> and security</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite-and-security">\write and security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite-streams-16_002c-17_002c-18"><code class="code">\write</code> streams 16, 17, 18</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite18"><code>\write18</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite18_002c-enabling"><code class="code">\write18</code>, enabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cXi"><code>\Xi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cxi"><code>\xi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cxspace"><code>\xspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cyear"><code>\year</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear">\day &amp; \month &amp; \year</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005czeta"><code>\zeta</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005b_002e_002e_002e_005c_005d-display-math"><code>\[...\] <span class="r">display math</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-center_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">center</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-eqnarray_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">eqnarray</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-flushleft_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">flushleft</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-flushright_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">flushright</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-letters_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for letters)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Letters">Letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-tabular_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">tabular</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-verse_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">verse</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-_005cauthor_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">\author</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-_005cshortstack-objects_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">\shortstack</code> objects)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cshortstack">\shortstack</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-_005ctitle_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">\title</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028force-line-break_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(force line break)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c_002a-_0028for-eqnarray_0029"><code>\\* <span class="r">(for <code class="code">eqnarray</code>)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005e"><code>\^</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005e-_0028circumflex-accent_0029"><code>\^ <span class="r">(circumflex accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005f"><code>\_</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0060-_0028grave-accent_0029"><code>\` <span class="r">(grave accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0060-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\` <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007b"><code>\{</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007c"><code>\|</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007d"><code>\}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007e"><code>\~</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007e-_0028tilde-accent_0029"><code>\~ <span class="r">(tilde accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-11">^</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005e-superscript"><code>^ <span class="r">superscript</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005e_005eJ_002c-in-_005cwrite"><code class="code">^^J</code>, in <code class="code">\write</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-12">_</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005f-subscript"><code>_ <span class="r">subscript</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-13">{</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-_0028for-required-arguments_0029"><code>{...} <span class="r">(for required arguments)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-14">~</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007e"><code>~</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a4paper-option"><code>a4paper <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a5paper-option"><code>a5paper <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-abstract-environment"><code><code class="code">abstract</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-abstract-package"><code class="code">abstract</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-abstracts">abstracts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents">accents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining">accents, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding">\DeclareFontEncoding</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-1">accents, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent">\DeclareTextAccent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-2">accents, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-3">accents, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite">\DeclareTextComposite</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-4">accents, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-5">accents, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-mathematical">accents, mathematical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accessing-any-character-of-a-font">accessing any character of a font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Symbols-by-font-position">Symbols by font position</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-acronyms_002c-list-of">acronyms, list of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-acute-accent">acute accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-acute-accent_002c-math">acute accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-additional-packages_002c-loading">additional packages, loading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-packages">Additional packages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-adjustbox-package"><code class="code">adjustbox</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ae-ligature">ae ligature</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-algorithm2e-package"><code class="code">algorithm2e</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-align-environment_002c-from-amsmath">align <span class="r">environment, from <code class="code">amsmath</code></span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-aligning-equations">aligning equations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-alignment-via-tabbing">alignment via tabbing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amscd-package"><code class="code">amscd</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsfonts-package"><code class="code">amsfonts</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsfonts-package-1"><code class="code">amsfonts</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-1"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-2"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-3"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-4"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-5"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-6"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-7"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl &amp; \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-8"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-9"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-10"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-11"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-12"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-13"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-14"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package_002c-replacing-eqnarray">amsmath <span class="r">package, replacing <code class="code">eqnarray</code></span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsthm-package"><code class="code">amsthm</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsthm-package-1"><code class="code">amsthm</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-answers-package"><code class="code">answers</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-appendices">appendices</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-appendix">appendix</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-appendix-package"><code class="code">appendix</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arguments_002c-optional_002c-defining-and-using">arguments, optional, defining and using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-aring">aring</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-array-environment"><code><code class="code">array</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-array-package"><code class="code">array</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arrays_002c-math">arrays, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arrow_002c-left_002c-in-text">arrow, left, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arrow_002c-right_002c-in-text">arrow, right, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arrows">arrows</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-article-class"><code>article <span class="r">class</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ascender-height">ascender height</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ASCII-circumflex_002c-in-text">ASCII circumflex, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ASCII-tilde_002c-in-text">ASCII tilde, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-asterisk_002c-centered_002c-in-text">asterisk, centered, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Asymptote-package"><code class="code">Asymptote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Asymptote-package-1"><code class="code">Asymptote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Asymptote-package-2"><code class="code">Asymptote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Asymptote-package-3"><code class="code">Asymptote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-at-clause_002c-in-font-definitions">at clause, in font definitions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-at_002dsign"><code>at-sign</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-author_002c-for-titlepage">author, for titlepage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-auxiliary-file">auxiliary file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-b5paper-option"><code>b5paper <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-1"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-2"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-3"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-4"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-5"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-back-matter-of-a-book">back matter of a book</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-background_002c-colored">background, colored</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-backslash_002c-in-text">backslash, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-badness">badness</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002c-double-vertical_002c-in-text">bar, double vertical, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002c-vertical_002c-in-text">bar, vertical, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002dover-accent">bar-over accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002dover-accent_002c-math">bar-over accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002dunder-accent">bar-under accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-basics-of-LaTeX">basics of LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-batchmode">batchmode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-beamer-package"><code class="code">beamer</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-beamer-template-and-class"><code class="code">beamer</code> template and class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-beginning-of-document-hook">beginning of document hook</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDocument">\AtBeginDocument</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bibliography-format_002c-open">bibliography format, open</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028automatically_0029">bibliography, creating (automatically)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028manually_0029">bibliography, creating (manually)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bibTeX_002c-using">bibTeX, using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-big-circle-symbols_002c-in-text">big circle symbols, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-big-point">big point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bigfoot-package"><code class="code">bigfoot</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-black-boxes_002c-omitting">black boxes, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-blackboard-bold">blackboard bold</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Blackboard-bold">Blackboard bold</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-blanks_002c-after-control-sequences">blanks, after control sequences</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bm-package"><code class="code">bm</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#bm">bm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bold-font">bold font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bold-math">bold math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bold-typewriter_002c-avoiding">bold typewriter, avoiding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-boldface-mathematics">boldface mathematics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book-class"><code>book <span class="r">class</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book_002c-back-matter">book, back matter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book_002c-end-matter">book, end matter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book_002c-front-matter">book, front matter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book_002c-main-matter">book, main matter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bottomnumber"><code>bottomnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bottomnumber-1"><code>bottomnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box">bounding box</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box">box</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-allocating-new">box, allocating new</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">\newsavebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-bounding">box, bounding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-colored">box, colored</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-boxes">Colored boxes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-save">box, save</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox">\sbox &amp; \savebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-use-saved-box">box, use saved box</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusebox">\usebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-boxes">boxes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bp"><code>bp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-brace_002c-left_002c-in-text">brace, left, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-brace_002c-right_002c-in-text">brace, right, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-braces">braces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-brackets">brackets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breaking-lines">breaking lines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breaking-pages">breaking pages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary">breaks, multiplication discretionary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breve-accent">breve accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breve-accent_002c-math">breve accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bug-reporting">bug reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bullet-lists">bullet lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bullet-symbol">bullet symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bullet_002c-in-text">bullet, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bulleted-lists">bulleted lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-calligraphic-fonts">calligraphic fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calligraphic">Calligraphic</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-calligraphic-letters-for-math">calligraphic letters for math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cap-height">cap height</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-caption-package"><code class="code">caption</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccaption">\caption</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-captions">captions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccaption">\caption</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-caron-accent">caron accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-catcode">catcode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-category-code_002c-character">category code, character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cc"><code>cc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cc-list_002c-in-letters">cc list, in letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccc">\cc</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cedilla-accent">cedilla accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-center-environment"><code><code class="code">center</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centered-asterisk_002c-in-text">centered asterisk, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centered-equations">centered equations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centered-period_002c-in-text">centered period, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centering-text_002c-declaration-for">centering text, declaration for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccentering">\centering</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centering-text_002c-environment-for">centering text, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centimeter">centimeter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-changing-case-of-characters">changing case of characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-chapter">chapter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-chapter-1">chapter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-chapter-counter"><code>chapter counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character-category-code">character category code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character-encoding">character encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character_002c-invisible">character, invisible</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character_002c-invisible-1">character, invisible</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-characters_002c-accented">characters, accented</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-characters_002c-case-of">characters, case of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-characters_002c-non_002dEnglish">characters, non-English</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-characters_002c-reserved">characters, reserved</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-characters_002c-special">characters, special</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-check-accent">check accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-check-accent_002c-math">check accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cicero">cicero</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circle-symbol_002c-big_002c-in-text">circle symbol, big, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circled-letter_002c-in-text">circled letter, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circumflex-accent">circumflex accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circumflex-accent_002c-math">circumflex accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circumflex_002c-ASCII_002c-in-text">circumflex, ASCII, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-citation-key">citation key</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbibitem">\bibitem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-and-package-commands">class and package commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-and-package-difference">class and package difference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-construction">Class and package construction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-and-package-structure">class and package structure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-file-example">class file example</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-file-layout">class file layout</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-options">class options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-options-1">class options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-options-2">class options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-classes-of-documents">classes of documents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cleveref-package"><code class="code">cleveref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cleveref-package-1"><code class="code">cleveref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cleveref-package-2"><code class="code">cleveref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CLI">CLI</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-interface">Command line interface</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-clock-option-to-slides-class"><code>clock <span class="r">option to <code class="code">slides</code> class</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-closing-letters">closing letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclosing">\closing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-closing-quote">closing quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cm"><code>cm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cm_002dsuper-package"><code class="code">cm-super</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cmd_002eexe_002c-used-by-_005cwrite18"><code>cmd.exe<span class="r">, used by <code class="code">\write18</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-code_002c-typesetting">code, typesetting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colon-character">colon character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color">color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-1">color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Define-colors">Define colors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-2">color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-text">Colored text</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-3">color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-boxes">Colored boxes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-4">color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-models">color models</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-models">Color models</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-package-commands">color package commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Commands-for-color">Commands for color</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-package-options">color package options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-package-options">Color package options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color_002c-define">color, define</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Define-colors">Define colors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colored-boxes">colored boxes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-boxes">Colored boxes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colored-page">colored page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colored-text">colored text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-text">Colored text</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command-line-interface">command line interface</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-interface">Command line interface</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command-syntax">command syntax</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-class-and-package">commands, class and package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-defining-new-ones">commands, defining new ones</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-defining-new-ones-1">commands, defining new ones</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand">\providecommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-document-class">commands, document class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-construction">Class and package construction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-graphics-package">commands, graphics package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Commands-for-graphics">Commands for graphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-ignore-spaces">commands, ignore spaces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-ignore-spaces-1">commands, ignore spaces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-redefining">commands, redefining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-run-from-LaTeX">commands, run from LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-star_002dvariants">commands, star-variants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-composite-word-mark_002c-in-text">composite word mark, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comprehensive-package"><code class="code">comprehensive</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-computer-programs_002c-typesetting">computer programs, typesetting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-graphics-package">configuration, graphics package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration">Graphics package configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-contents-file">contents file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control-sequences">control sequences</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Control-sequences">Control sequences</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control-symbol_002c-defined">control symbol, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Control-sequences">Control sequences</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control-word_002c-defined">control word, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Control-sequences">Control sequences</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-a-list-of">counters, a list of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-defining-new">counters, defining new</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">\newcounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-getting-value-of">counters, getting value of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvalue">\value</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-printing">counters, printing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-setting">counters, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cprotect-package"><code class="code">cprotect</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cprotect-package-1"><code class="code">cprotect</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-creating-pictures">creating pictures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-creating-tables">creating tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-credit-footnote">credit footnote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-references">cross references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-references_002c-resolving">cross references, resolving</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-referencing-with-page-number">cross referencing with page number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpageref">\pageref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-referencing_002c-across-documents">cross referencing, across documents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-referencing_002c-symbolic">cross referencing, symbolic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CTAN">CTAN</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#CTAN">CTAN</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-curly-braces">curly braces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-currency_002c-dollar">currency, dollar</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-currency_002c-euro">currency, euro</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dagger_002c-double_002c-in-text">dagger, double, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dagger_002c-in-text">dagger, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dagger_002c-in-text-1">dagger, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DANTE-e_002eV_002e">DANTE e.V.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#CTAN">CTAN</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-datatool-package"><code class="code">datatool</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-date_002c-for-titlepage">date, for titlepage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-date_002c-today_0027s">date, today&rsquo;s</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-datetime-package"><code class="code">datetime</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dbltopnumber"><code>dbltopnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dbltopnumber-1"><code>dbltopnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dcolumn-package"><code class="code">dcolumn</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dd"><code>dd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-declaration-form-of-font-size-commands">declaration form of font size commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-declaration-form-of-font-style-commands">declaration form of font style commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-define-color">define color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Define-colors">Define colors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-a-new-command">defining a new command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-a-new-command-1">defining a new command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand">\providecommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-new-environments">defining new environments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-new-fonts">defining new fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-new-theorems">defining new theorems</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-definitions">definitions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Definitions">Definitions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delayed-_005cwrite">delayed <code class="code">\write</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delimiters">delimiters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delimiters_002c-paired">delimiters, paired</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005f0"><code>delim_0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005f1"><code>delim_1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005f2"><code>delim_2</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005fn"><code>delim_n</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005fr"><code>delim_r</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-description"><code>description</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-description-environment"><code><code class="code">description</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-description-lists_002c-creating">description lists, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-design-size_002c-in-font-definitions">design size, in font definitions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-didot-point">didot point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dieresis-accent">dieresis accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-difference-between-class-and-package">difference between class and package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-construction">Class and package construction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dimen-plain-TeX">dimen <span class="r">plain TeX</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-directory-listings_002c-from-system">directory listings, from system</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-discretionary-breaks_002c-multiplication">discretionary breaks, multiplication</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-discretionary-hyphenation">discretionary hyphenation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">\discretionary</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-display-math-mode">display math mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-display-style">display style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-displaymath-environment"><code><code class="code">displaymath</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-displaymath-environment-1"><code><code class="code">displaymath</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-class-commands">document class commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-construction">Class and package construction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-class-options">document class options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-class_002c-defined">document class, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-classes">document classes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-environment"><code><code class="code">document</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#document">document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-root-name">document root name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-templates">document templates</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-templates">Document templates</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dollar-sign">dollar sign</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot-accent">dot accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot-over-accent_002c-math">dot over accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot_002dover-accent">dot-over accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot_002dunder-accent">dot-under accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dotless-i">dotless i</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dotless-i_002c-math">dotless i, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dotless-j">dotless j</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dotless-j_002c-math">dotless j, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dots">dots</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-angle-quotation-marks">double angle quotation marks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-dagger_002c-in-text">double dagger, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-dagger_002c-in-text-1">double dagger, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-dot-accent_002c-math">double dot accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-guillemets">double guillemets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-left-quote">double left quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-low_002d9-quotation-mark">double low-9 quotation mark</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-quote_002c-straight-base">double quote, straight base</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-right-quote">double right quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-spacing">double spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-vertical-bar_002c-in-text">double vertical bar, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-doublestruck">doublestruck</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Blackboard-bold">Blackboard bold</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-draft-option"><code>draft <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvilualatex_002ddev"><code>dvilualatex-dev</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvipdfmx-command"><code>dvipdfmx <span class="r">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvips-command"><code>dvips <span class="r">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvitype-command"><code>dvitype <span class="r">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-e_002ddash">e-dash</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-e_002dTeX">e-TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ellipses">ellipses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ellipsis">ellipsis</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ellipsis_002c-in-Unicode-_0028U_002b2026_0029">ellipsis, in Unicode (U+2026)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ellipsis_002c-traditional-_0028three-periods_0029">ellipsis, traditional (three periods)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em">em</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em-1"><code>em</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em_002ddash">em-dash</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em_002ddash_002c-three_002dquarters">em-dash, three-quarters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em_002ddash_002c-two_002dthirds">em-dash, two-thirds</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-emphasis">emphasis</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enclosure-list">enclosure list</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cencl">\encl</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding_002c-font">encoding, font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding">\DeclareFontEncoding</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding_002c-of-input-files">encoding, of input files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-end-matter-of-a-book">end matter of a book</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-end-of-document-hook">end of document hook</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtEndDocument">\AtEndDocument</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ending-and-starting">ending and starting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-engines_002c-TeX">engines, TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enlarge-current-page">enlarge current page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">\enlargethispage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumerate-environment"><code><code class="code">enumerate</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumi-counter"><code>enumi counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumii-counter"><code>enumii counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumiii-counter"><code>enumiii counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumitem-package"><code class="code">enumitem</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumitem-package-1"><code class="code">enumitem</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumiv-counter"><code>enumiv counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment">environment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-form-of-font-size-commands">environment form of font size commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-abstract"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">abstract</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-array"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">array</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-center"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">center</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-description"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">description</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-displaymath"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">displaymath</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-displaymath-1"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">displaymath</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-document"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">document</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#document">document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-enumerate"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">enumerate</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-eqnarray"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">eqnarray</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-equation"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">equation</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-equation-1"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">equation</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-figure"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">figure</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-filecontents"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">filecontents</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-filecontents_002a"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">filecontents*</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-flushleft"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">flushleft</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-flushright"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">flushright</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-itemize"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">itemize</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-letter"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">letter</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#letter">letter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-list"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">list</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-math"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">math</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-math-1"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">math</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-minipage"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">minipage</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-picture"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">picture</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-quotation"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">quotation</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-quote"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">quote</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-sloppypar"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">sloppypar</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-tabbing"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">tabbing</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-table"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">table</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-tabular"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">tabular</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-thebibliography"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">thebibliography</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-theindex"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">theindex</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-theorem"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">theorem</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-theorem_002dlike">environment, theorem-like</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-titlepage"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">titlepage</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-verbatim"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">verbatim</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-verse"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">verse</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environments">environments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environments_002c-defining">environments, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-envlab-package"><code class="code">envlab</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">\makelabels</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EPS-files">EPS files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eqnarray-environment"><code><code class="code">eqnarray</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-counter"><code>equation counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-environment"><code><code class="code">equation</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-environment-1"><code><code class="code">equation</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-number_002c-cross-referencing">equation number, cross referencing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-numbers_002c-left-vs_002e-right">equation numbers, left vs. right</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-numbers_002c-omitting">equation numbers, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equations_002c-aligning">equations, aligning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equations_002c-environment-for">equations, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equations_002c-flush-left-vs_002e-centered">equations, flush left vs. centered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-error-messages_002c-from-BibTeX">error messages, from BibTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-errorstopmode">errorstopmode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-es_002dzet-German-letter">es-zet German letter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-etex-command"><code>etex <span class="r">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eth_002c-Icelandic-letter">eth, Icelandic letter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-etoolbox-package"><code class="code">etoolbox</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-euro-symbol">euro symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eurosym-package"><code class="code">eurosym</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eurosym-package-1"><code class="code">eurosym</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ex">ex</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ex-1"><code>ex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-exclamation-point_002c-upside_002ddown">exclamation point, upside-down</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-executivepaper-option"><code>executivepaper <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expl3-package"><code class="code">expl3</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expl3-package-1"><code class="code">expl3</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-exponent">exponent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expressions"><code>expressions</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Expressions">Expressions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extended-Latin">extended Latin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-external-commands">external commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-external-files_002c-writing">external files, writing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fallback-jobname">fallback jobname</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-families_002c-of-fonts">families, of fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fancyhdr-package"><code class="code">fancyhdr</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fancyhdr-package-1"><code class="code">fancyhdr</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fancyvrb-package"><code class="code">fancyvrb</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fancyvrb-package-1"><code class="code">fancyvrb</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-feminine-ordinal-symbol">feminine ordinal symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figure-counter"><code>figure counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figure-dash-character">figure dash character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figure-environment"><code><code class="code">figure</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figure-number_002c-cross-referencing">figure number, cross referencing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures_002c-footnotes-in">figures, footnotes in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures_002c-inserting">figures, inserting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-closing">file, closing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-opening">file, opening</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-reading">file, reading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-root">file, root</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-root-1">file, root</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filecontents-environment"><code><code class="code">filecontents</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filecontents_002a-environment"><code><code class="code">filecontents*</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filename-for-current-job">filename for current job</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-final-option"><code>final <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-first_002dlatex_002ddoc-document"><code>first-latex-doc <span class="r">document</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fixed_002dwidth-font">fixed-width font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flafter-package"><code class="code">flafter</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fleqn-option"><code>fleqn <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-float-package"><code class="code">float</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-float-page">float page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flush-left-equations">flush left equations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flushing-floats-and-starting-a-page">flushing floats and starting a page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flushleft-environment"><code><code class="code">flushleft</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flushright-environment"><code><code class="code">flushright</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-catalogue">font catalogue</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-commands_002c-low_002dlevel">font commands, low-level</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-dimension_002c-slant">font dimension, slant</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-encoding">font encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-encoding-1">font encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent">\DeclareTextAccent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-encoding_002c-declaring">font encoding, declaring</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding">\DeclareFontEncoding</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-size">font size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-sizes">font sizes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-styles">font styles</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-symbols_002c-by-number">font symbols, by number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Symbols-by-font-position">Symbols by font position</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontenc"><code>fontenc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts">fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-new-commands-for">fonts, new commands for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-script">fonts, script</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calligraphic">Calligraphic</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontspec-package"><code class="code">fontspec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontspec-package-1"><code class="code">fontspec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footer-style">footer style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footer_002c-parameters-for">footer, parameters for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote-counter"><code>footnote counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote-number_002c-cross-referencing">footnote number, cross referencing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote-parameters">footnote parameters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote_002c-in-a-table">footnote, in a table</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote_002c-in-section-headings">footnote, in section headings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote_002c-of-a-footnote">footnote, of a footnote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnotes-in-figures">footnotes in figures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-creating">footnotes, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-in-a-minipage">footnotes, in a minipage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-symbols-instead-of-numbers">footnotes, symbols instead of numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-force-option-for-filecontents"><code class="code">force</code> option for <code class="code">filecontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-format-files_002c-TeX">format files, TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-formulas_002c-environment-for">formulas, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-formulas_002c-math">formulas, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-forward-reference">forward reference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-forward-references_002c-resolving">forward references, resolving</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fraction">fraction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrac">\frac</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fragile-commands">fragile commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-frame-rule-width"><code>frame rule width</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-frame_002c-line-width"><code>frame, line width</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-frame_002c-separation-from-contents"><code>frame, separation from contents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-French-quotation-marks">French quotation marks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-front-matter-of-a-book">front matter of a book</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-functions_002c-math">functions, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-geometry-package"><code class="code">geometry</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-geometry-package-1"><code class="code">geometry</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-global-options">global options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-global-options-1">global options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-packages">Additional packages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glossaries">glossaries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glossary">glossary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glossary_002c-entries">glossary, entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glossary_002c-entry-reference">glossary, entry reference</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgls">\gls</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glue-plain-TeX">glue <span class="r">plain TeX</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glue-register_002c-plain-TeX">glue register, plain TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics">graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics">Graphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-1">graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration">Graphics package configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-2">graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package">graphics package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics">Graphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package-1">graphics package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration">Graphics package configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package-2">graphics package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package-commands">graphics package commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Commands-for-graphics">Commands for graphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package-options">graphics package options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-options">Graphics package options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-packages">graphics packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-resizing">graphics, resizing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-resizing-1">graphics, resizing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-scaling">graphics, scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-scaling-1">graphics, scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphpap-package"><code class="code">graphpap</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgraphpaper">\graphpaper</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-grave-accent">grave accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-grave-accent_002c-math">grave accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-greater-than-symbol_002c-in-text">greater than symbol, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-greek-letters">greek letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Greek-letters">Greek letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Greek-letters">Greek letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-grfext-package"><code class="code">grfext</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-group_002c-and-environments">group, and environments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-group_005fskip"><code>group_skip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hacek-accent_002c-math">h&aacute;&#269;ek accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hacek-accent">hacek accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Halmos-symbol">Halmos symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hard-space">hard space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hat-accent">hat accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hat-accent_002c-math">hat accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header-style">header style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header_002c-parameters-for">header, parameters for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hello_002c-world">hello, world</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-here_002c-putting-floats">here, putting floats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-home-page-for-manual">home page for manual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-bar-character">horizontal bar character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-paragraph-indentation">horizontal paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-space">horizontal space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chss">\hss</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-space_002c-stretchable">horizontal space, stretchable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chss">\hss</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-spacing">horizontal spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hungarian-umlaut-accent">hungarian umlaut accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-1"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-2"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-3"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-4"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphen-character_002c-non_002dbreaking">hyphen character, non-breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-defining">hyphenation, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chyphenation">\hyphenation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-discretionary">hyphenation, discretionary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">\discretionary</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-forcing">hyphenation, forcing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">\- (hyphenation)</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-preventing">hyphenation, preventing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Icelandic-eth">Icelandic eth</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Icelandic-thorn">Icelandic thorn</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-idx-file">idx file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ij-letter_002c-Dutch">ij letter, Dutch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-immediate-_005cwrite">immediate <code class="code">\write</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-implementations-of-TeX">implementations of TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-importing-graphics">importing graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-in"><code>in</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inch">inch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-including-graphics">including graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indent_002c-forcing">indent, forcing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentation-of-paragraphs_002c-in-minipage">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-1"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-2"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-3"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-4"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-5"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indent_005flength"><code>indent_length</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indent_005fspace"><code>indent_space</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-subentries">index entries, subentries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027">index entries, &lsquo;see&rsquo; and &lsquo;see also&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index-entry">index entry</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index-package"><code class="code">index</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-multiple">index, multiple</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-page-range">index, page range</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-printing">index, printing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprintindex">\printindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-processing">index, processing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-producing-manually">index, producing manually</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-style-file"><code>index, style file</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indexes">indexes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-infinite-horizontal-stretch">infinite horizontal stretch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-infinite-vertical-stretch">infinite vertical stretch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inline-formulas">inline formulas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inner-paragraph-mode">inner paragraph mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input-file">input file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input_002c-on-command-line">input, on command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input_002foutput">input/output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input_002foutput">Input/output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input_002foutput_002c-to-terminal">input/output, to terminal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input_002foutput">Input/output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inputenc"><code>inputenc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inserting-figures">inserting figures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-insertions-of-special-characters">insertions of special characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-insertions">Special insertions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interface_002c-command-line">interface, command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-interface">Command line interface</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interline-space">interline space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-internal-vertical-mode">internal vertical mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-invisible-character">invisible character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-invisible-character-1">invisible character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-italic-correction">italic correction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-italic-font">italic font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-itemize-environment"><code><code class="code">itemize</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f0"><code>item_0</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f01"><code>item_01</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f1"><code>item_1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f12"><code>item_12</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f2"><code>item_2</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005fx1"><code>item_x1</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005fx2"><code>item_x2</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-J">J</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-jobname">jobname</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-jobname-1">jobname</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-JPEG-files">JPEG files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-JPG-files">JPG files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-justification_002c-ragged-left">justification, ragged left</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-justification_002c-ragged-right">justification, ragged right</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-K">K</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e">Knuth, Donald E.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-label">label</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-labelled-lists_002c-creating">labelled lists, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Lamport-TeX">Lamport TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Lamport_002c-Leslie">Lamport, Leslie</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape-option"><code>landscape <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape-orientation">landscape orientation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latex"><code>latex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latex-command"><code>latex <span class="r">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-format-_0028_002efmt_0029-files">LaTeX format (<code class="code">.fmt</code>) files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-logo">LaTeX logo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-overview">LaTeX overview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-Project-team">LaTeX Project team</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-vs_002e-LaTeX2e">LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latex_002ddev"><code>latex-dev</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latex_002ddoc_002dptr-document"><code>latex-doc-ptr <span class="r">document</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX2e-logo">LaTeX2e logo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX3-syntax">LaTeX3 syntax</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latexrefman_0040tug_002eorg-email-address"><code><a class="email" href="mailto:latexrefman@tug.org">latexrefman@tug.org</a> <span class="r">email address</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latexsym-package"><code class="code">latexsym</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Latin-letters_002c-additional">Latin letters, additional</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-layout-commands">layout commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Layout">Layout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-layout_002c-page-parameters-for">layout, page parameters for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leaders_002c-dots-in-table-of-contents">leaders, dots in table of contents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline">\@dottedtocline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leading">leading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-angle-quotation-marks">left angle quotation marks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-arrow_002c-in-text">left arrow, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-brace_002c-in-text">left brace, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-quote">left quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-quote_002c-double">left quote, double</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-quote_002c-single">left quote, single</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left_002dhand-equation-numbers">left-hand equation numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left_002djustifying-text">left-justifying text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for">left-justifying text, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left_002dto_002dright-mode">left-to-right mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-legalpaper-option"><code>legalpaper <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lengths_002c-adding-to">lengths, adding to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddtolength">\addtolength</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lengths_002c-allocating-new">lengths, allocating new</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lengths_002c-defining-and-using">lengths, defining and using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lengths_002c-setting">lengths, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetlength">\setlength</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leqno-option"><code>leqno <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-less-than-symbol_002c-in-text">less than symbol, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lethead_005fflag"><code>lethead_flag</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lethead_005fprefix"><code>lethead_prefix</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lethead_005fsuffix"><code>lethead_suffix</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letter-class"><code>letter <span class="r">class</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letter-environment"><code><code class="code">letter</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#letter">letter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letterpaper-option"><code>letterpaper <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-accented">letters, accented</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-additional-Latin">letters, additional Latin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-ending">letters, ending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclosing">\closing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-starting">letters, starting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copening">\opening</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-writing">letters, writing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Letters">Letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-break_002c-forcing">line break, forcing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaking">line breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-changing">line breaks, changing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy &amp; \sloppy</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-forcing">line breaks, forcing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary">line breaks, multiplication discretionary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-preventing">line breaks, preventing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lines-in-tables">lines in tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line_005fmax"><code>line_max</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lining-numerals">lining numerals</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-in-tables">lining text up in tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-using-tab-stops">lining text up using tab stops</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-list-environment"><code><code class="code">list</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-list-items_002c-specifying-counter">list items, specifying counter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-list-of-figures-file">list of figures file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-list-of-tables-file">list of tables file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-listings-package"><code class="code">listings</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-listings-package-1"><code class="code">listings</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-listings-package-2"><code class="code">listings</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lists-of-items">lists of items</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lists-of-items_002c-generic">lists of items, generic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lists-of-items_002c-numbered">lists of items, numbered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lmodern-package"><code class="code">lmodern</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-loading-additional-packages">loading additional packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-packages">Additional packages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-locale-information_002c-from-system">locale information, from system</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-log-file">log file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-log-file_002c-writing-to">log file, writing to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-logo_002c-LaTeX">logo, LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-logo_002c-LaTeX2e">logo, LaTeX2e</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-logo_002c-TeX">logo, TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-long-command">long command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-low_002d9-quotation-marks_002c-single-and-double">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-low_002dlevel-font-commands">low-level font commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lowercase">lowercase</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LR-box"><code>LR box</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LR-mode">LR mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lrbox"><code>lrbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#lrbox">lrbox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lshort-document"><code>lshort <span class="r">document</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lualatex"><code>lualatex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lualatex_002ddev"><code>lualatex-dev</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LuaTeX_002c-256-output-streams-in">LuaTeX, 256 output streams in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-m_002dwidth">m-width</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macron-accent">macron accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macron-accent_002c-math">macron accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macros2e-package"><code class="code">macros2e</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Madsen_002c-Lars">Madsen, Lars</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mail-merges">mail merges</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-main-matter-of-a-book">main matter of a book</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-make-a-box">make a box</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-makeidx-package"><code class="code">makeidx</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprintindex">\printindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-makeindex-program"><code class="command">makeindex</code> program</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-makeindex_002c-program"><code>makeindex, <span class="r">program</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-makeindex_002c-style-file"><code>makeindex, style file</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-making-a-title-page">making a title page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-making-paragraphs">making paragraphs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-marginal-notes">marginal notes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-masculine-ordinal-symbol">masculine ordinal symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-matching-brackets">matching brackets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-matching-parentheses">matching parentheses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-accents">math accents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-environment"><code><code class="code">math</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-environment-1"><code><code class="code">math</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-formulas">math formulas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-functions">math functions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-miscellany">math miscellany</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode">math mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-entering">math mode, entering</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-spacing">math mode, spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-spacing-1">math mode, spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-spacing-2">math mode, spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-vertical-space">math mode, vertical space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-styles">math styles</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-symbols">math symbols</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math_002c-arrows"><code>math, arrows</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math_002c-bold">math, bold</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathematics_002c-boldface">mathematics, boldface</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-1"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-2"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-3"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-4"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-5"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MetaPost-package"><code class="code">MetaPost</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mfirstuc-package"><code class="code">mfirstuc</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mhchem-package"><code class="code">mhchem</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-millimeter">millimeter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-minipage-environment"><code><code class="code">minipage</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-minipage_002c-creating-a">minipage, creating a</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-minted-package"><code class="code">minted</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-minted-package-1"><code class="code">minted</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-minted-package-2"><code class="code">minted</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mirrors-of-CTAN">mirrors of CTAN</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#CTAN">CTAN</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mm"><code>mm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-modes">modes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-monospace-font">monospace font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-moving-arguments">moving arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mpfootnote-counter">mpfootnote counter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mpfootnote-counter-1"><code>mpfootnote counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mu"><code>mu</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mu_002c-math-unit">mu, math unit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multicolumn-text">multicolumn text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multilingual-support">multilingual support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multind-package"><code class="code">multind</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-indexes">multiple indexes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiplication_002c-discretionary">multiplication, discretionary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-name"><code>name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-name-of-document-root">name of document root</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-NBSP">NBSP</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nested-_005cinclude_002c-not-allowed">nested <code class="code">\include</code>, not allowed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include &amp; \includeonly</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-class-commands">new class commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-construction">Class and package construction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-command_002c-checking">new command, checking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-command_002c-definition">new command, definition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-commands_002c-defining">new commands, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-commands_002c-defining-1">new commands, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand">\providecommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-line_002c-output-as-input">new line, output as input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-line_002c-starting">new line, starting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-line_002c-starting-_0028paragraph-mode_0029">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-page_002c-starting">new page, starting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-newline_002c-in-_005cwrite">newline, in <code class="code">\write</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-noheader-option-for-filecontents"><code class="code">noheader</code> option for <code class="code">filecontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-non_002dbreaking-hyphen-character">non-breaking hyphen character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-non_002dEnglish-characters">non-English characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nonstopmode">nonstopmode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nosearch-option-for-filecontents"><code class="code">nosearch</code> option for <code class="code">filecontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-notes-in-the-margin">notes in the margin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-notitlepage-option"><code>notitlepage <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-null-delimiter">null delimiter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-numbered-items_002c-specifying-counter">numbered items, specifying counter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-numerals_002c-old_002dstyle">numerals, old-style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oblique-font">oblique font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oe-ligature">oe ligature</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ogonek">ogonek</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-old_002dstyle-numerals">old-style numerals</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-one_002dcolumn-output">one-column output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005conecolumn">\onecolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-onecolumn-option"><code>onecolumn <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oneside-option"><code>oneside <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-open-a-file">open a file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-openany-option"><code>openany <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-openbib-option"><code>openbib <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-opening-quote">opening quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-openright-option"><code>openright <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OpenType-fonts">OpenType fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-operating-system-information">operating system information</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-optional-arguments_002c-defining-and-using">optional arguments, defining and using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-class">options, class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-color-package">options, color package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-package-options">Color package options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-command-line">options, command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-document-class">options, document class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-document-class-1">options, document class</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-global">options, global</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-packages">Additional packages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-graphics-package">options, graphics package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-options">Graphics package options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-package">options, package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-package-1">options, package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ordinals_002c-feminine-and-masculine">ordinals, feminine and masculine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oslash">oslash</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OT1">OT1</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-outer-paragraph-mode">outer paragraph mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-directory-for-all-external-files">output directory for all external files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overbar-accent">overbar accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overdot-accent_002c-math">overdot accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overlining">overlining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overview-of-LaTeX">overview of LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overwrite-option-for-filecontents"><code class="code">overwrite</code> option for <code class="code">filecontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package-file-layout">package file layout</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package-options">package options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package-options-1">package options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-abstract"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">abstract</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-adjustbox"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">adjustbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-algorithm2e"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">algorithm2e</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amscd"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amscd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsfonts"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsfonts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsfonts-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsfonts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-6"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-7"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl &amp; \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-8"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-9"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-10"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-11"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-12"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-13"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-14"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsthm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsthm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-answers"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">answers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-appendix"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">appendix</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-array"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">array</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-Asymptote"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">Asymptote</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-Asymptote-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">Asymptote</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-Asymptote-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">Asymptote</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-Asymptote-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">Asymptote</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-beamer"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">beamer</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-bigfoot"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">bigfoot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-bm"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">bm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#bm">bm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-caption"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">caption</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccaption">\caption</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cleveref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cleveref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cleveref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cm_002dsuper"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cm-super</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-comprehensive"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">comprehensive</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cprotect</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cprotect</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-datatool"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">datatool</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-datetime"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">datetime</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-dcolumn"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">dcolumn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-enumitem"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">enumitem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-enumitem-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">enumitem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-envlab"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">envlab</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">\makelabels</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-etoolbox"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">etoolbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-eurosym"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">eurosym</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-eurosym-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">eurosym</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-expl3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">expl3</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-expl3-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">expl3</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fancyhdr"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fancyhdr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fancyhdr-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fancyhdr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fancyvrb"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fancyvrb</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fancyvrb-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fancyvrb</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-flafter"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">flafter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-float"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">float</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fontspec"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fontspec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fontspec-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fontspec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-geometry"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">geometry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-geometry-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">geometry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-graphpap"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">graphpap</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgraphpaper">\graphpaper</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-grfext"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">grfext</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-index"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">index</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-latexsym"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">latexsym</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-listings"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">listings</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-listings-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">listings</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-listings-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">listings</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-lmodern"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">lmodern</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-macros2e"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">macros2e</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-makeidx"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">makeidx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprintindex">\printindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-MetaPost"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">MetaPost</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mfirstuc"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mfirstuc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mhchem"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mhchem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-minted"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">minted</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-minted-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">minted</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-minted-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">minted</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-multind"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">multind</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-pict2e"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">pict2e</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-polyglossia"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">polyglossia</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-polyglossia-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">polyglossia</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-polyglossia-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">polyglossia</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-polyglossia-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">polyglossia</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-PSTricks"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">PSTricks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-setspace"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">setspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-shellesc"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">shellesc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-showidx"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">showidx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-siunitx"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">siunitx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-siunitx-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">siunitx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-suffix"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">suffix</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tablefootnote"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tablefootnote</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-texosquery"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">texosquery</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcase"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">textcase</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcomp"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">textcomp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-TikZ"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">TikZ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-TikZ-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">TikZ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-TikZ-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">TikZ</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tikz_002dcd"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tikz-cd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tocbibbind"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tocbibbind</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tocloft"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tocloft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tocloft-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tocloft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-ulem"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">ulem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-unicode_002dmath"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">unicode-math</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-unicode_002dmath-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">unicode-math</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-unicode_002dmath-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">unicode-math</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Greek-letters">Greek letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-url"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">url</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-verbatimbox"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">verbatimbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xparse"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xparse</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xparse-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xparse</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xr"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xr</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xr_002dhyper"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xr-hyper</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xspace"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xstring"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xstring</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-packages_002c-loading-additional">packages, loading additional</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-packages">Additional packages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-break_002c-forcing">page break, forcing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-break_002c-preventing">page break, preventing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-breaking">page breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-counter"><code>page counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-layout-parameters">page layout parameters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-number_002c-cross-referencing">page number, cross referencing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpageref">\pageref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-numbering-style">page numbering style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-style_002c-this-page">page style, this page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">\thispagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-styles">page styles</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-colored">page, colored</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_005fprecedence"><code>page_precedence</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paired-delimiters">paired delimiters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph">paragraph</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-1">paragraph</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-counter"><code>paragraph counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentation">paragraph indentation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentation_002c-in-minipage">paragraph indentation, in minipage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentations-in-quoted-text">paragraph indentations in quoted text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentations-in-quoted-text_002c-omitting">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-mode">paragraph mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-mode-1">paragraph mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparbox">\parbox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-symbol">paragraph symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph_002c-ending">paragraph, ending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpar">\par</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph_002c-in-a-box">paragraph, in a box</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparbox">\parbox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraphs">paragraphs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes">parameters, for footnotes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-page-layout">parameters, page layout</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-substituting">parameters, substituting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parent-directories_002c-cannot-write-to">parent directories, cannot write to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite-and-security">\write and security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parentheses">parentheses</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-part">part</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-part-1">part</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-part-counter"><code>part counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pattern_002c-current-tab-stops_002c-tabbing">pattern, current tab stops, <span class="r">tabbing</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pc"><code>pc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-graphic-files">PDF graphic files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdflatex"><code>pdflatex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdflatex-command"><code>pdflatex <span class="r">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdflatex_002ddev"><code>pdflatex-dev</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdfTeX">pdfTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdfTeX-engine">pdfTeX engine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-period_002c-abbreviation_002dending">period, abbreviation-ending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-period_002c-centered_002c-in-text">period, centered, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-period_002c-sentence_002dending">period, sentence-ending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-period_002c-spacing-after">period, spacing after</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pica">pica</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pict2e-package"><code class="code">pict2e</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-picture-environment"><code><code class="code">picture</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pictures_002c-creating">pictures, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pilcrow">pilcrow</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-placement-of-floats">placement of floats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-platex"><code>platex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-platex_002ddev"><code>platex-dev</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-plural"><code>plural</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PNG-files">PNG files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-poetry_002c-an-environment-for">poetry, an environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-point">point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polish-l">polish l</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polyglossia-package"><code class="code">polyglossia</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polyglossia-package-1"><code class="code">polyglossia</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polyglossia-package-2"><code class="code">polyglossia</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polyglossia-package-3"><code class="code">polyglossia</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-portrait-orientation">portrait orientation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-position_002c-in-picture">position, in picture</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-postamble"><code>postamble</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-point">PostScript point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-postscript_002c-in-letters">postscript, in letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cps">\ps</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pounds-symbol">pounds symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-preamble"><code>preamble</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-preamble_002c-defined">preamble, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-prerelease-testing">prerelease testing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-prompt_002c-_002a">prompt, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">*</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Recovering-from-errors">Recovering from errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pronunciation">pronunciation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PSTricks-package"><code class="code">PSTricks</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pt"><code>pt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quad">quad</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-question-mark_002c-upside_002ddown">question mark, upside-down</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quotation-environment"><code><code class="code">quotation</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quotation-marks_002c-French">quotation marks, French</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quote-environment"><code><code class="code">quote</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quote_002c-single-straight">quote, single straight</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quote_002c-straight-base">quote, straight base</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-radical">radical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ragged-left-text">ragged left text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ragged-left-text_002c-environment-for">ragged left text, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ragged-right-text">ragged right text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ragged-right-text_002c-environment-for">ragged right text, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-read-a-file">read a file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-redefining-a-command">redefining a command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-redefining-environments">redefining environments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reference_002c-forward">reference, forward</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-references_002c-resolving-forward">references, resolving forward</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-registered-symbol">registered symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-relation_002c-text-above">relation, text above</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstackrel">\stackrel</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-release-candidates">release candidates</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-remarks-in-the-margin">remarks in the margin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-report-class"><code>report <span class="r">class</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reporting-bugs">reporting bugs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reserved-characters">reserved characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resizing">resizing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resizing-1">resizing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-restricted-shell-access">restricted shell access</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-angle-quotation-marks">right angle quotation marks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-arrow_002c-in-text">right arrow, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-brace_002c-in-text">right brace, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-quote">right quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-quote_002c-double">right quote, double</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-quote_002c-single">right quote, single</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right_002dhand-equation-numbers">right-hand equation numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right_002djustifying-text">right-justifying text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for">right-justifying text, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rigid-lengths">rigid lengths</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ring-accent">ring accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ring-accent_002c-math">ring accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-robust-commands">robust commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-roman-font">roman font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-root-file">root file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-root-file-1">root file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-roots">roots</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rotating-graphics">rotating graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rotating-text">rotating text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rotation">rotation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-row_002c-tabbing">row, <span class="r">tabbing</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rubber-lengths">rubber lengths</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rubber-lengths_002c-defining-new">rubber lengths, defining new</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-running-header-and-footer">running header and footer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-running-header-and-footer-style">running header and footer style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-samepage-environment"><code>samepage <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sans-serif-font">sans serif font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaled-point">scaled point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaling">scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaling-1">scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-script-fonts">script fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calligraphic">Calligraphic</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-script-letters-for-math">script letters for math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-script-style">script style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scriptscript-style">scriptscript style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scrollmode">scrollmode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-secnumdepth"><code>secnumdepth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-secnumdepth-counter"><code>secnumdepth <span class="r">counter</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section">section</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-1">section</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-counter"><code>section counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-number_002c-cross-referencing">section number, cross referencing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-numbers_002c-printing">section numbers, printing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-symbol">section symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section_002c-redefining">section, redefining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">\@startsection</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sectioning-commands">sectioning commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sectioning_002c-part">sectioning, part</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-security-and-_005cwrite">security and <code class="code">\write</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite-and-security">\write and security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-see-and-see-also-index-entries">see and see also index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-self_002dcontained-sources">self-contained sources</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-series_002c-of-fonts">series, of fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-setspace-package"><code class="code">setspace</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-setting-counters">setting counters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sh_002c-used-by-_005cwrite18"><code>sh<span class="r">, used by <code class="code">\write18</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shapes_002c-of-fonts">shapes, of fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sharp-S-letters">sharp S letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-access">shell access</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-escape">shell escape</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SHELL_002c-environment-variables"><code>SHELL<span class="r">, environment variables</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shellesc-package"><code class="code">shellesc</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-showidx-package"><code class="code">showidx</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-simulating-typed-text">simulating typed text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-angle-quotation-marks">single angle quotation marks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-guillemets">single guillemets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-left-quote">single left quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-low_002d9-quotation-mark">single low-9 quotation mark</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-quote_002c-straight">single quote, straight</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-right-quote">single right quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-siunitx-package"><code class="code">siunitx</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-siunitx-package-1"><code class="code">siunitx</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sizes-of-text">sizes of text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-skip-plain-TeX">skip <span class="r">plain TeX</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-skip-register_002c-plain-TeX">skip register, plain TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slanted-font">slanted font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slides-class"><code>slides <span class="r">class</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sloppypar-environment">sloppypar environment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sloppypar-environment-1"><code><code class="code">sloppypar</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slot_002c-font">slot, font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent">\DeclareTextAccent</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-small-caps-font">small caps font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sort"><code>sort</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-source-files_002c-making-self_002dcontained">source files, making self-contained</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sp"><code>sp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space-between-lines">space between lines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-inserting-horizontal">space, inserting horizontal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chss">\hss</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-inserting-vertical">space, inserting vertical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-negative-thin">space, negative thin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-thin">space, thin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-unbreakable">space, unbreakable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-vertical">space, vertical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spaces">spaces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spaces">Spaces</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands">spaces, ignore around commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands-1">spaces, ignore around commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing-within-math-mode">spacing within math mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence">spacing, inter-sentence</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing &amp; \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence-1">spacing, inter-sentence</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">\normalsfcodes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-math-mode">spacing, math mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-math-mode-1">spacing, math mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Spanish-ordinals_002c-feminine-and-masculine">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-special-characters">special characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-special-characters-1">special characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-special-insertions">special insertions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-insertions">Special insertions</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-specifier_002c-float-placement">specifier, float placement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-splitting-the-input-file">splitting the input file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-square-root">square root</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stack-math">stack math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstackrel">\stackrel</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-star_002dvariants_002c-commands">star-variants, commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starred-form_002c-defining-new-commands">starred form, defining new commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starting-a-new-page">starting a new page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starting-a-new-page-and-clearing-floats">starting a new page and clearing floats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starting-and-ending">starting and ending</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starting-on-a-right_002dhand-page">starting on a right-hand page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sterling-symbol">sterling symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-straight-double-quote_002c-base">straight double quote, base</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-straight-quote_002c-base">straight quote, base</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-straight-single-quote">straight single quote</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-infinite-horizontal">stretch, infinite horizontal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-infinite-vertical">stretch, infinite vertical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-omitting-vertical">stretch, omitting vertical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">\raggedbottom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-strut">strut</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-strut-1">strut</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-strut_002c-math">strut, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-styles-of-text">styles of text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-styles_002c-page">styles, page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subparagraph">subparagraph</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subparagraph-1">subparagraph</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subparagraph-counter"><code>subparagraph counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subscript">subscript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsection">subsection</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsection-1">subsection</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsection-counter"><code>subsection counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsubsection">subsubsection</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsubsection-1">subsubsection</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsubsection-counter"><code>subsubsection counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-suffix-package"><code class="code">suffix</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-superscript">superscript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbol"><code>symbol</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbol_002c-defining">symbol, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol">\DeclareTextSymbol</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-arrows">symbols, arrows</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-boldface">symbols, boldface</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#bm">bm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-math">symbols, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-text">symbols, text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system-commands_002c-run-from-LaTeX">system commands, run from LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system-information">system information</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T1">T1</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tab-stops_002c-using">tab stops, using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tabbing-environment"><code><code class="code">tabbing</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-counter"><code>table counter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-environment"><code><code class="code">table</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents">table of contents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents-entry_002c-create-dotted-line">table of contents entry, create dotted line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline">\@dottedtocline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents-entry_002c-manually-adding">table of contents entry, manually adding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents-file">table of contents file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-avoiding-footnotes">table of contents, avoiding footnotes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-creating">table of contents, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-sectioning-numbers-printed">table of contents, sectioning numbers printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tablefootnote-package"><code class="code">tablefootnote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tables_002c-creating">tables, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tabular-environment"><code><code class="code">tabular</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-template-_0028simple_0029_002c-article">template (simple), <code class="code">article</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#article-template">article template</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-template_002c-beamer">template, <code class="code">beamer</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-template_002c-book">template, <code class="code">book</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#book-template">book template</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-template_002c-book-1">template, <code class="code">book</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Larger-book-template">Larger book template</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-templates_002c-document">templates, document</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-templates">Document templates</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-terminal-input_002foutput">terminal input/output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input_002foutput">Input/output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-terminal_002c-writing-to">terminal, writing to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-format-_0028_002efmt_0029-files">TeX format (<code class="code">.fmt</code>) files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-logo">TeX logo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texosquery-package"><code class="code">texosquery</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texput_002c-jobname-default"><code>texput<span class="r">, jobname default</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text-style">text style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text-symbols">text symbols</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text_002c-resizing">text, resizing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text_002c-resizing-1">text, resizing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text_002c-scaling">text, scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text_002c-scaling-1">text, scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-textcase-package"><code class="code">textcase</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-textcomp-package"><code class="code">textcomp</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thanks_002c-for-titlepage">thanks, for titlepage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thebibliography-environment"><code><code class="code">thebibliography</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theindex"><code>theindex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theindex-environment"><code><code class="code">theindex</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theorem-environment"><code><code class="code">theorem</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theorem_002dlike-environment">theorem-like environment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-defining">theorems, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-typesetting">theorems, typesetting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thin-space">thin space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thin-space-1">thin space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thin-space_002c-negative">thin space, negative</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thin-space_002c-negative-1">thin space, negative</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thorn_002c-Icelandic-letter">thorn, Icelandic letter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-three_002dquarters-em_002ddash">three-quarters em-dash</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tie">tie</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tie_002dafter-accent">tie-after accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TikZ-package"><code class="code">TikZ</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TikZ-package-1"><code class="code">TikZ</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TikZ-package-2"><code class="code">TikZ</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tikz_002dcd-package"><code class="code">tikz-cd</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde-accent">tilde accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde-accent_002c-math">tilde accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde_002c-ASCII_002c-in-text">tilde, ASCII, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-title-page_002c-separate-or-run_002din">title page, separate or run-in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-title-pages_002c-creating">title pages, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-title_002c-for-titlepage">title, for titlepage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlepage-environment"><code><code class="code">titlepage</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlepage-option"><code>titlepage <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titles_002c-making">titles, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-1"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-2"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-3"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-4"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-5"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocbibbind-package"><code class="code">tocbibbind</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocdepth"><code>tocdepth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocdepth-counter"><code>tocdepth <span class="r">counter</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocloft-package"><code class="code">tocloft</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocloft-package-1"><code class="code">tocloft</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-today_0027s-date">today&rsquo;s date</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tombstone">tombstone</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-topmargin"><code>topmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-topnumber"><code>topnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-topnumber-1"><code>topnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-totalnumber"><code>totalnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-totalnumber-1"><code>totalnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trademark-symbol">trademark symbol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-transcript-file">transcript file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TrueType-fonts">TrueType fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TS1-encoding">TS1 encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-two_002dcolumn-output">two-column output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-two_002dthirds-em_002ddash">two-thirds em-dash</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-twocolumn-option"><code>twocolumn <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-twoside-option"><code>twoside <span class="r">option</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-type-styles">type styles</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typed-text_002c-simulating">typed text, simulating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typeface-sizes">typeface sizes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typefaces">typefaces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typewriter-font">typewriter font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typewriter-labels-in-lists">typewriter labels in lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-U">U</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ulem-package"><code class="code">ulem</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-umlaut-accent">umlaut accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unbreakable-space">unbreakable space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-underbar">underbar</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-underlining">underlining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-and-Underlining">Over- and Underlining</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-underscore_002c-in-text">underscore, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Unicode">Unicode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Unicode-input_002c-native">Unicode input, native</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unicode_002dmath-package"><code class="code">unicode-math</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unicode_002dmath-package-1"><code class="code">unicode-math</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unicode_002dmath-package-2"><code class="code">unicode-math</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Greek-letters">Greek letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-units_002c-of-length">units, of length</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unofficial-nature-of-this-manual">unofficial nature of this manual</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unordered-lists">unordered lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uplatex"><code>uplatex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uplatex_002ddev"><code>uplatex-dev</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uppercase">uppercase</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-url-package"><code class="code">url</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-using-BibTeX">using BibTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8_002c-default-LaTeX-input-encoding">UTF-8, default LaTeX input encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8_002c-engine-support-for">UTF-8, engine support for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8_002c-font-support-for">UTF-8, font support for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-V">V</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-variables_002c-a-list-of">variables, a list of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vector-symbol_002c-math">vector symbol, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbatim-environment"><code><code class="code">verbatim</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbatim-text">verbatim text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbatim-text_002c-inline">verbatim text, inline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbatimbox-package"><code class="code">verbatimbox</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verse-environment"><code><code class="code">verse</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-bar_002c-double_002c-in-text">vertical bar, double, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-bar_002c-in-text">vertical bar, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-mode">vertical mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-space">vertical space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-space-1">vertical space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-space-before-paragraphs">vertical space before paragraphs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-spacing">vertical spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-spacing-1">vertical spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-spacing_002c-math-mode">vertical spacing, math mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-visible-space">visible space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-visible-space-symbol_002c-in-text">visible space symbol, in text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-weights_002c-of-fonts">weights, of fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-whatsit-item">whatsit item</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-white-space">white space</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spaces">Spaces</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-wide-hat-accent_002c-math">wide hat accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-wide-tilde-accent_002c-math">wide tilde accent, math</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-widths_002c-of-fonts">widths, of fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Wright_002c-Joseph">Wright, Joseph</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-writing-external-files">writing external files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-writing-letters">writing letters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Letters">Letters</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-X">X</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-x_002dheight">x-height</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xdvi-command"><code>xdvi <span class="r">command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xdvipdfmx"><code>xdvipdfmx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xelatex"><code>xelatex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xelatex_002ddev"><code>xelatex-dev</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XeTeX">XeTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xindex-program"><code>xindex <span class="r">program</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xindy-program"><code>xindy <span class="r">program</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xparse-package"><code class="code">xparse</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xparse-package-1"><code class="code">xparse</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xr-package"><code class="code">xr</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xr_002dhyper-package"><code class="code">xr-hyper</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xspace-package"><code class="code">xspace</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xstring-package"><code class="code">xstring</code> <span class="r">package</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><th class="entries-header-printindex">Index Entry</th><th class="sections-header-printindex">Section</th></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">_</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005f-character_002c-meaning-of"><code>_ <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005f-subscript"><code>_ <span class="r">subscript</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-2">-</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002ddisable_002dwrite18-command_002dline-option"><code>--disable-write18 <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002denable_002dwrite18-command_002dline-option"><code>--enable-write18 <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dfile_002dline_002derror-command_002dline-option"><code>--file-line-error <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhalt_002don_002derror-command_002dline-option"><code>--halt-on-error <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-command_002dline-option"><code>--help <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dinteraction-command_002dline-option"><code>--interaction <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002djobname-command_002dline-option"><code>--jobname <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-command_002dline-option"><code>--no-file-line-error <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dshell_002descape-command_002dline-option"><code>--no-shell-escape <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002doutput_002ddirectory-command_002dline-option"><code>--output-directory <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dshell_002descape-command_002dline-option"><code>--shell-escape <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion-command_002dline-option"><code>--version <span class="r">command-line option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d1_002c-write-stream-number"><em class="math">-1</em>, write stream number</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-3">:</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003a-_0028for-math_0029"><code>: <span class="r">(for math)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-4">.</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eaux-file"><code>.aux <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eaux-file-and-BibTeX-commands"><code>.aux <span class="r">file and BibTeX commands</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002edvi-file"><code>.dvi <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002efmt-file"><code>.fmt <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eglo-file"><samp class="file">.glo</samp> file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eidx-file"><samp class="file">.idx</samp> file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eidx-file-1"><samp class="file">.idx</samp> file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eind-file"><samp class="file">.ind</samp> file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eisty-file"><samp class="file">.isty</samp> file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elof-file"><code>.lof <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elof-file-1"><code>.lof <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elof-file-2"><code>.lof <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elog-file"><code>.log <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elot-file"><code>.lot <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elot-file-1"><code>.lot <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elot-file-2"><code>.lot <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epdf-file"><code>.pdf <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etex_002c-default-extension"><code>.tex, <span class="r">default extension</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-interface">Command line interface</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file"><code>.toc <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file-1"><code>.toc <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file-2"><code>.toc <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002exdv-file"><code>.xdv <span class="r">file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-5">[</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-_0028for-optional-arguments_0029"><code>[...] <span class="r">(for optional arguments)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-6">{</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007b-character_002c-meaning-of"><code>{ <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-_0028for-required-arguments_0029"><code>{...} <span class="r">(for required arguments)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-7">}</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007d-character_002c-meaning-of"><code>} <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-8">*</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a-prompt">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">*</samp>&rsquo; prompt</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Recovering-from-errors">Recovering from errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-environment-commands"><code class="code">*</code>-form of environment commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-sectioning-commands"><code class="code">*</code>-form of sectioning commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform_002c-defining-new-commands">*-form, defining new commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002a_002c-to-_005cnocite-all-keys">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">*</samp>&rsquo;, to <code class="code">\nocite</code> all keys</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-9">/</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fbin_002fsh_002c-used-by-_005cwrite18"><code>/bin/sh<span class="r">, used by <code class="code">\write18</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-10">\</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c-_0028backslash_002dspace_0029"><code>\&nbsp;<!-- /@w --> <span class="r">(backslash-space)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c-character-starting-commands"><code>\ <span class="r">character starting commands</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c-character_002c-meaning-of"><code>\ <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005f"><code>\_</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002d"><code>\-</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029"><code>\- <span class="r">(hyphenation)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">\- (hyphenation)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002c"><code>\,</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003b"><code>\;</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003a"><code>\:</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0021"><code>\!</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002e-_0028dot_002dover-accent_0029"><code>\. <span class="r">(dot-over accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0027-_0028acute-accent_0029"><code>\' <span class="r">(acute accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0027-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\' <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029"><code>\&quot; <span class="r">(umlaut accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0028_002e_002e_002e_005c_0029-inline-math"><code>\(...\) <span class="r">inline math</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005b_002e_002e_002e_005c_005d-display-math"><code>\[...\] <span class="r">display math</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007b"><code>\{</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007d"><code>\}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040"><code>\@</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040auxout"><code>\@auxout</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040beginparpenalty"><code>\@beginparpenalty</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040dottedtocline"><code>\@dottedtocline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline">\@dottedtocline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040endparpenalty"><code>\@endparpenalty</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040fnsymbol"><code>\@fnsymbol</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040ifstar"><code>\@ifstar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040itempenalty"><code>\@itempenalty</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040mainaux"><code>\@mainaux</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0040startsection"><code>\@startsection</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">\@startsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002a"><code>\*</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002f"><code>\/</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-_005cauthor_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">\author</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-_005cshortstack-objects_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">\shortstack</code> objects)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cshortstack">\shortstack</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-_005ctitle_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">\title</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-center_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">center</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-eqnarray_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">eqnarray</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-flushleft_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">flushleft</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-flushright_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">flushright</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-letters_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for letters)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Letters">Letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-tabular_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">tabular</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028for-verse_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(for <code class="code">verse</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028force-line-break_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(force line break)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\\ <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005c_002a-_0028for-eqnarray_0029"><code>\\* <span class="r">(for <code class="code">eqnarray</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0026"><code>\&amp;</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0023"><code>\#</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0025"><code>\%</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0060-_0028grave-accent_0029"><code>\` <span class="r">(grave accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0060-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\` <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005e"><code>\^</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_005e-_0028circumflex-accent_0029"><code>\^ <span class="r">(circumflex accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002b"><code>\+</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003c"><code>\&lt;</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003d-_0028macron-accent_0029"><code>\= <span class="r">(macron accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003d-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\= <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003e"><code>\&gt;</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003e-1"><code>\&gt;</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_003e-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\&gt; <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007c"><code>\|</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007e"><code>\~</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_007e-_0028tilde-accent_0029"><code>\~ <span class="r">(tilde accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_0024"><code>\$</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ca-_0028tabbing_0029"><code>\a <span class="r">(tabbing)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ca_0027-_0028acute-accent-in-tabbing_0029"><code>\a' <span class="r">(acute accent in tabbing)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ca_0060-_0028grave-accent-in-tabbing_0029"><code>\a` <span class="r">(grave accent in tabbing)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ca_003d-_0028macron-accent-in-tabbing_0029"><code>\a= <span class="r">(macron accent in tabbing)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caa-_0028aa_0029"><code>\aa <span class="r">(&aring;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAA-_0028AA_0029"><code>\AA <span class="r">(&Aring;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caccent"><code>\accent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caccent">\accent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cacute"><code>\acute</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddcontentsline"><code>\addcontentsline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddress"><code>\address</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddress">\address</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddtocontents_007bext_007d_007btext_007d"><code>\addtocontents{<var class="var">ext</var>}{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddtocontents">\addtocontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddtocounter"><code>\addtocounter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter">\addtocounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddtolength"><code>\addtolength</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddtolength">\addtolength</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caddvspace"><code>\addvspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cae-_0028ae_0029"><code>\ae <span class="r">(&aelig;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAE-_0028AE_0029"><code>\AE <span class="r">(&AElig;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005caleph"><code>\aleph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAlph-example"><code>\Alph <span class="r">example</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005calph_007bcounter_007d"><code>\alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAlph_007bcounter_007d"><code>\Alph{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005calpha"><code>\alpha</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005calsoname"><code>\alsoname</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005camalg"><code>\amalg</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cand-_0028for-_005cauthor_0029"><code>\and <span class="r">(for <code class="code">\author</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cangle"><code>\angle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cappendix"><code>\appendix</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005capprox"><code>\approx</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carabic_007bcounter_007d"><code>\arabic{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carccos"><code>\arccos</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carcsin"><code>\arcsin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carctan"><code>\arctan</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carg"><code>\arg</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carraycolsep"><code>\arraycolsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carrayrulewidth"><code>\arrayrulewidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005carraystretch"><code>\arraystretch</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cast"><code>\ast</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005casymp"><code>\asymp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtBeginDocument"><code>\AtBeginDocument</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDocument">\AtBeginDocument</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtBeginDvi"><code>\AtBeginDvi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi">\AtBeginDvi &amp; \AtEndDvi</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtEndDocument"><code>\AtEndDocument</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtEndDocument">\AtEndDocument</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtEndDvi"><code>\AtEndDvi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi">\AtBeginDvi &amp; \AtEndDvi</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtEndOfClass"><code>\AtEndOfClass</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage">\AtEndOfClass &amp; \AtEndOfPackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAtEndOfPackage"><code>\AtEndOfPackage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtEndOfClass-_0026-_005cAtEndOfPackage">\AtEndOfClass &amp; \AtEndOfPackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cauthor_007bname1-_005cand-name2-_005cand-_002e_002e_002e_007d"><code>\author{<var class="var">name1</var> \and <var class="var">name2</var> \and ...}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cb-_0028bar_002dunder-accent_0029"><code>\b <span class="r">(bar-under accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbackmatter"><code>\backmatter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbackslash"><code>\backslash</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbar"><code>\bar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbaselineskip"><code>\baselineskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbaselineskip-1"><code>\baselineskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbaselinestretch"><code>\baselinestretch</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbegin"><code>\begin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbeta"><code>\beta</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbf"><code>\bf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbfseries"><code>\bfseries</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibdata"><code>\bibdata</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibitem"><code>\bibitem</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbibitem">\bibitem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibliography"><code>\bibliography</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibliography-and-internal-_005cbibdata"><code>\bibliography <span class="r">and internal <code class="code">\bibdata</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibliographystyle"><code>\bibliographystyle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibliographystyle-and-internal-_005cbibstyle"><code>\bibliographystyle <span class="r">and internal <code class="code">\bibstyle</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibname"><code>\bibname</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbibstyle"><code>\bibstyle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigbreak"><code>\bigbreak</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">\bigbreak &amp; \medbreak &amp; \smallbreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigcap"><code>\bigcap</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigcirc"><code>\bigcirc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigcup"><code>\bigcup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigl"><code>\bigl</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl &amp; \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigodot"><code>\bigodot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigoplus"><code>\bigoplus</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigotimes"><code>\bigotimes</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigr"><code>\bigr</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl &amp; \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigskip"><code>\bigskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigskip-1"><code>\bigskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigskipamount"><code>\bigskipamount</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigsqcup"><code>\bigsqcup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigtriangledown"><code>\bigtriangledown</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigtriangleup"><code>\bigtriangleup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbiguplus"><code>\biguplus</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigvee"><code>\bigvee</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbigwedge"><code>\bigwedge</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbmod"><code>\bmod</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cboldmath"><code>\boldmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cboldmath-1"><code>\boldmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbot"><code>\bot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbottomfraction"><code>\bottomfraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbottomfraction-1"><code>\bottomfraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbowtie"><code>\bowtie</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cBox"><code>\Box</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbreve"><code>\breve</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cbullet"><code>\bullet</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cc-_0028cedilla-accent_0029"><code>\c <span class="r">(cedilla accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccal"><code>\cal</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccap"><code>\cap</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalacute"><code>\capitalacute</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalbreve"><code>\capitalbreve</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalcaron"><code>\capitalcaron</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalcedilla"><code>\capitalcedilla</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalcircumflex"><code>\capitalcircumflex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitaldieresis"><code>\capitaldieresis</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitaldotaccent"><code>\capitaldotaccent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalgrave"><code>\capitalgrave</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalhungarumlaut"><code>\capitalhungarumlaut</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalmacron"><code>\capitalmacron</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalnewtie"><code>\capitalnewtie</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalogonek"><code>\capitalogonek</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitalring"><code>\capitalring</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitaltie"><code>\capitaltie</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccapitaltilde"><code>\capitaltilde</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccaption"><code>\caption</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccaption">\caption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccaption-1"><code>\caption</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccaption-2"><code>\caption</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccc"><code>\cc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccc">\cc</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccdot"><code>\cdot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccdots"><code>\cdots</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccentering"><code>\centering</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccentering">\centering</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cchapter"><code>\chapter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cchapter-1"><code>\chapter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccheck"><code>\check</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cCheckCommand"><code>\CheckCommand</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cCheckCommand">\CheckCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cchi"><code>\chi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccirc"><code>\circ</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccircle"><code>\circle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccircle">\circle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccitation"><code>\citation</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccite"><code>\cite</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccite">\cite</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccite-and-internal-_005ccitation"><code>\cite <span class="r">and internal <code class="code">\citation</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassError"><code>\ClassError</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassInfo"><code>\ClassInfo</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassInfoNoLine"><code>\ClassInfoNoLine</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassWarning"><code>\ClassWarning</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cClassWarningNoLine"><code>\ClassWarningNoLine</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccleardoublepage"><code>\cleardoublepage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cclearpage"><code>\clearpage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccline"><code>\cline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccline">\cline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cclosein"><code>\closein</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccloseout"><code>\closeout</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cclosing"><code>\closing</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclosing">\closing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cclubsuit"><code>\clubsuit</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolon"><code>\colon</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnsep"><code>\columnsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnsep-1"><code>\columnsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnsep-2"><code>\columnsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnseprule"><code>\columnseprule</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnseprule-1"><code>\columnseprule</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnseprule-2"><code>\columnseprule</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnwidth"><code>\columnwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnwidth-1"><code>\columnwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccolumnwidth-2"><code>\columnwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccomplement"><code>\complement</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccong"><code>\cong</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccontentsline"><code>\contentsline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccontentsline-1"><code>\contentsline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccontentsline-2"><code>\contentsline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccoprod"><code>\coprod</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccopyright"><code>\copyright</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccos"><code>\cos</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccosh"><code>\cosh</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccot"><code>\cot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccoth"><code>\coth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccprotect"><code>\cprotect</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccprotEnv"><code>\cprotEnv</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccsc"><code>\csc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ccup"><code>\cup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cCurrentOption"><code>\CurrentOption</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cCurrentOption">\CurrentOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cd-_0028dot_002dunder-accent_0029"><code>\d <span class="r">(dot-under accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdag"><code>\dag</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdagger"><code>\dagger</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdashbox"><code>\dashbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cdashbox">\dashbox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdashv"><code>\dashv</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdate_007btext_007d"><code>\date{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cday"><code>\day</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear">\day &amp; \month &amp; \year</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdblfloatpagefraction"><code>\dblfloatpagefraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdblfloatsep"><code>\dblfloatsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdbltextfloatsep"><code>\dbltextfloatsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdbltopfraction"><code>\dbltopfraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdbltopnumber"><code>\dbltopnumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cddag"><code>\ddag</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cddagger"><code>\ddagger</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cddot"><code>\ddot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cddots"><code>\ddots</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareFontEncoding"><code>\DeclareFontEncoding</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding">\DeclareFontEncoding</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions"><code>\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareGraphicsRule"><code>\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule">\DeclareGraphicsRule</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareOption"><code>\DeclareOption</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption">\DeclareOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareRobustCommand"><code>\DeclareRobustCommand</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">\DeclareRobustCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextAccent"><code>\DeclareTextAccent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent">\DeclareTextAccent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextAccent-1"><code>\DeclareTextAccent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault"><code>\DeclareTextAccentDefault</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextCommand"><code>\DeclareTextCommand</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand">\DeclareTextCommand &amp; \ProvideTextCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault"><code>\DeclareTextCommandDefault</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault">\DeclareTextCommandDefault &amp; \ProvideTextCommandDefault</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextComposite"><code>\DeclareTextComposite</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite">\DeclareTextComposite</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand"><code>\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextSymbol"><code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand">\DeclareTextCommand &amp; \ProvideTextCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextSymbol-1"><code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol">\DeclareTextSymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextSymbol-2"><code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault"><code>\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdeg"><code>\deg</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDelayedShellEscape"><code>\DelayedShellEscape</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDelta"><code>\Delta</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdelta"><code>\delta</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdet"><code>\det</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdh-_0028d_0029"><code>\dh <span class="r">(&eth;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDH-_0028D_0029"><code>\DH <span class="r">(&ETH;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDiamond"><code>\Diamond</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdiamond"><code>\diamond</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdiamondsuit"><code>\diamondsuit</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdim"><code>\dim</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdisplaystyle"><code>\displaystyle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdiv"><code>\div</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdj"><code>\dj</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDJ"><code>\DJ</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdocumentclass"><code>\documentclass</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdocumentclass_002c-and-texput-jobname"><code>\documentclass<span class="r">, and <code class="code">texput</code> jobname</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDocumentMetadata"><code>\DocumentMetadata</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">\DocumentMetadata</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdot"><code>\dot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdoteq"><code>\doteq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdotfill"><code>\dotfill</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">\hrulefill &amp; \dotfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdots"><code>\dots</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdots-1"><code>\dots</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdots-2"><code>\dots</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdotsb"><code>\dotsb</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdotsc"><code>\dotsc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdotsi"><code>\dotsi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdoublerulesep"><code>\doublerulesep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdownarrow"><code>\downarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cDownarrow"><code>\Downarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cds_0040option"><code>\ds@<var class="var">option</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cExecuteOptions">\ExecuteOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cell"><code>\ell</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cemph"><code>\emph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cemptyset"><code>\emptyset</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cencl"><code>\encl</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cencl">\encl</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cend"><code>\end</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cendinput"><code>\endinput</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cendinput">\endinput</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenlargethispage"><code>\enlargethispage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">\enlargethispage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005censpace"><code>\enspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">\enspace &amp; \quad &amp; \qquad</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenumi"><code>\enumi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenumii"><code>\enumii</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenumiii"><code>\enumiii</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cenumiv"><code>\enumiv</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsilon"><code>\epsilon</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cequiv"><code>\equiv</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ceta"><code>\eta</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cevensidemargin"><code>\evensidemargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cevensidemargin-1"><code>\evensidemargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cevensidemargin-2"><code>\evensidemargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cExecuteOptions"><code>\ExecuteOptions</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cExecuteOptions">\ExecuteOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cexists"><code>\exists</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cexp"><code>\exp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cexternaldocument"><code>\externaldocument</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cextracolsep"><code>\extracolsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfbox"><code>\fbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxrule-1"><code>\fboxrule</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxrule">\fboxrule</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxrule-2"><code>\fboxrule</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxsep-1"><code>\fboxsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxsep">\fboxsep</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfboxsep-2"><code>\fboxsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfill"><code>\fill</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cflat"><code>\flat</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfloatpagefraction"><code>\floatpagefraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfloatpagefraction-1"><code>\floatpagefraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfloatsep"><code>\floatsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfloatsep-1"><code>\floatsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cflushbottom"><code>\flushbottom</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cflushbottom">\flushbottom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfnsymbol_002c-and-footnotes"><code>\fnsymbol<span class="r">, and footnotes</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfnsymbol_007bcounter_007d"><code>\fnsymbol{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontdimen1"><code>\fontdimen1</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontencoding"><code>\fontencoding</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontfamily"><code>\fontfamily</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontseries"><code>\fontseries</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontshape"><code>\fontshape</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfontsize"><code>\fontsize</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnote"><code>\footnote</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotemark"><code>\footnotemark</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnoterule"><code>\footnoterule</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotesep"><code>\footnotesep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotesize"><code>\footnotesize</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootnotetext"><code>\footnotetext</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">\footnotetext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootskip"><code>\footskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfootskip-1"><code>\footskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cforall"><code>\forall</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfrac"><code>\frac</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrac">\frac</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cframe"><code>\frame</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cframe">\frame</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cframebox"><code>\framebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">\framebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cframebox-1"><code>\framebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfrenchspacing"><code>\frenchspacing</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing &amp; \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfrontmatter"><code>\frontmatter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfrown"><code>\frown</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cfussy"><code>\fussy</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy &amp; \sloppy</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cGamma"><code>\Gamma</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgamma"><code>\gamma</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgcd"><code>\gcd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cge"><code>\ge</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgeq"><code>\geq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgets"><code>\gets</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgg"><code>\gg</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgls"><code>\gls</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgls">\gls</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgraphicspath"><code>\graphicspath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgraphicspath">\graphicspath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgraphpaper"><code>\graphpaper</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgraphpaper">\graphpaper</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cgrave"><code>\grave</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguillemetleft-_0028_00ab_0029"><code>\guillemetleft <span class="r">(&laquo;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguillemetright-_0028_00bb_0029"><code>\guillemetright <span class="r">(&raquo;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguillemotleft-_0028_00ab_0029"><code>\guillemotleft <span class="r">(&laquo;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguillemotright-_0028_00bb_0029"><code>\guillemotright <span class="r">(&raquo;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguilsinglleft-_0028_2039_0029"><code>\guilsinglleft <span class="r">(&lsaquo;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cguilsinglright-_0028_203a_0029"><code>\guilsinglright <span class="r">(&rsaquo;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cH-_0028Hungarian-umlaut-accent_0029"><code>\H <span class="r">(Hungarian umlaut accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chat"><code>\hat</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chbar"><code>\hbar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheadheight"><code>\headheight</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheadheight-1"><code>\headheight</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheadsep"><code>\headsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheadsep-1"><code>\headsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cheartsuit"><code>\heartsuit</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chfill"><code>\hfill</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chline"><code>\hline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chline">\hline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chom"><code>\hom</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chookleftarrow"><code>\hookleftarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chookrightarrow"><code>\hookrightarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chphantom"><code>\hphantom</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chrulefill"><code>\hrulefill</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">\hrulefill &amp; \dotfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chsize"><code>\hsize</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chsize-1"><code>\hsize</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chspace"><code>\hspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chspace">\hspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chss"><code>\hss</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chss">\hss</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chuge"><code>\huge</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cHuge"><code>\Huge</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005chyphenation"><code>\hyphenation</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chyphenation">\hyphenation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ci-_0028dotless-i_0029"><code>\i <span class="r">(dotless i)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cIfBeginWith_002a-macro-from-xstring"><code>\IfBeginWith*<span class="r"> macro from <samp class="file">xstring</samp></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ciff"><code>\iff</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cIfFileExists"><code>\IfFileExists</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists">\IfFileExists &amp; \InputIfFileExists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cignorespaces"><code>\ignorespaces</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cignorespacesafterend"><code>\ignorespacesafterend</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cij-_0028ij_0029"><code>\ij <span class="r">(ij)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cIJ-_0028IJ_0029"><code>\IJ <span class="r">(IJ)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cIm"><code>\Im</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cimath"><code>\imath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cimmediate_005cwrite"><code>\immediate\write</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cin"><code>\in</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinclude"><code>\include</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include &amp; \includeonly</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cincludegraphics"><code>\includegraphics</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cincludeonly"><code>\includeonly</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include &amp; \includeonly</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindent"><code>\indent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindex"><code>\index</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindex-1"><code>\index</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindexentry"><code>\indexentry</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindexspace"><code>\indexspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cindexspace-1"><code>\indexspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinf"><code>\inf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinfty"><code>\infty</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinput"><code>\input</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinput">\input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cinputencoding"><code>\inputencoding</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cInputIfFileExists"><code>\InputIfFileExists</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cIfFileExists-_0026-_005cInputIfFileExists">\IfFileExists &amp; \InputIfFileExists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cint"><code>\int</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cintextsep"><code>\intextsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cintextsep-1"><code>\intextsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ciota"><code>\iota</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cit"><code>\it</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem"><code>\item</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem-1"><code>\item</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem-2"><code>\item</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem-3"><code>\item</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citem-4"><code>\item</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citemindent"><code>\itemindent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citemsep"><code>\itemsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005citshape"><code>\itshape</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cj-_0028dotless-j_0029"><code>\j <span class="r">(dotless j)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cjmath"><code>\jmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cjobname"><code><code class="code">\jobname</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cjobname-1"><code>\jobname</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cJoin"><code>\Join</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ck-_0028ogonek_0029"><code>\k <span class="r">(ogonek)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ckappa"><code>\kappa</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cker"><code>\ker</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ckill"><code>\kill</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cl-_0028l_0029"><code>\l <span class="r">(&#322;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cL-_0028L_0029"><code>\L <span class="r">(&#321;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cl_0040chapter"><code>\l@chapter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cl_0040section"><code>\l@section</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cl_0040subsection"><code>\l@subsection</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabel"><code>\label</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clabel">\label</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelenumi"><code>\labelenumi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelenumii"><code>\labelenumii</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelenumiii"><code>\labelenumiii</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelenumiv"><code>\labelenumiv</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelitemi"><code>\labelitemi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelitemii"><code>\labelitemii</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelitemiii"><code>\labelitemiii</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelitemiv"><code>\labelitemiv</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelsep"><code>\labelsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clabelwidth"><code>\labelwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLambda"><code>\Lambda</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clambda"><code>\lambda</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cland"><code>\land</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clangle"><code>\langle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clarge"><code>\large</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLarge"><code>\Large</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLARGE"><code>\LARGE</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLastDeclaredEncoding"><code>\LastDeclaredEncoding</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cLastDeclaredEncoding">\LastDeclaredEncoding</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLaTeX"><code>\LaTeX</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLaTeXe"><code>\LaTeXe</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clbrace"><code>\lbrace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clbrack"><code>\lbrack</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clceil"><code>\lceil</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cldots"><code>\ldots</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cldots-1"><code>\ldots</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cle"><code>\le</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleadsto"><code>\leadsto</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleft"><code>\left</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLeftarrow"><code>\Leftarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftarrow"><code>\leftarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clefteqn"><code>\lefteqn</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftharpoondown"><code>\leftharpoondown</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftharpoonup"><code>\leftharpoonup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmargin"><code>\leftmargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmargin-1"><code>\leftmargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmargini"><code>\leftmargini</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginii"><code>\leftmarginii</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginiii"><code>\leftmarginiii</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginiv"><code>\leftmarginiv</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginv"><code>\leftmarginv</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftmarginvi"><code>\leftmarginvi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLeftrightarrow"><code>\Leftrightarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleftrightarrow"><code>\leftrightarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleq"><code>\leq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clfloor"><code>\lfloor</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clg"><code>\lg</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clhd"><code>\lhd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clim"><code>\lim</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005climinf"><code>\liminf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005climsup"><code>\limsup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cline"><code>\line</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinebreak"><code>\linebreak</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clineskip"><code>\lineskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clineskiplimit"><code>\lineskiplimit</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinespread"><code>\linespread</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinespread-1"><code>\linespread</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinethickness"><code>\linethickness</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinethickness">\linethickness</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinewidth"><code>\linewidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clinewidth-1"><code>\linewidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistoffigures"><code>\listoffigures</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistoffigures-1"><code>\listoffigures</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistoftables"><code>\listoftables</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistoftables-1"><code>\listoftables</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clistparindent"><code>\listparindent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cll"><code>\ll</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cln"><code>\ln</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clnot"><code>\lnot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLoadClass"><code>\LoadClass</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions">\LoadClass &amp; \LoadClassWithOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cLoadClassWithOptions"><code>\LoadClassWithOptions</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions">\LoadClass &amp; \LoadClassWithOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clocation"><code>\location</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clocation">\location</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clog"><code>\log</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clong-command_002c-checking-for"><code class="code">\long</code> command, checking for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cCheckCommand">\CheckCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clong_002c-not-defining-a-command-as"><code>\long<span class="r">, not defining a command as</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clongleftarrow"><code>\longleftarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clongleftrightarrow"><code>\longleftrightarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clongmapsto"><code>\longmapsto</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clongrightarrow"><code>\longrightarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clor"><code>\lor</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005clq"><code>\lq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmainmatter"><code>\mainmatter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeatother"><code>\makeatother</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeatother-1"><code>\makeatother</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakebox"><code>\makebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakebox-_0028for-picture_0029"><code>\makebox <span class="r">(for <code class="code">picture</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">\makebox (picture)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeglossary"><code>\makeglossary</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeglossary-1"><code>\makeglossary</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakeindex"><code>\makeindex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakelabel"><code>\makelabel</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmakelabels"><code>\makelabels</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">\makelabels</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmaketitle"><code>\maketitle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmapsto"><code>\mapsto</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginpar"><code>\marginpar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparpush"><code>\marginparpush</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparpush-1"><code>\marginparpush</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparpush-2"><code>\marginparpush</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparsep"><code>\marginparsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparwidth"><code>\marginparwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparwidth-1"><code>\marginparwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginparwidth-2"><code>\marginparwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginsep"><code>\marginsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarginsep-1"><code>\marginsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarkboth_007bleft_002dhead_007d_007bright_002dhead_007d"><code>\markboth{<var class="var">left-head</var>}{<var class="var">right-head</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmarkright_007bright_002dhead_007d"><code>\markright{<var class="var">right-head</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathbf"><code>\mathbf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathcal"><code>\mathcal</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathdollar"><code>\mathdollar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathellipsis"><code>\mathellipsis</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathnormal"><code>\mathnormal</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathparagraph"><code>\mathparagraph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathring"><code>\mathring</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathrm"><code>\mathrm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathsection"><code>\mathsection</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathsf"><code>\mathsf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathsterling"><code>\mathsterling</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathstrut"><code><code class="code">\mathstrut</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathtt"><code>\mathtt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathunderscore"><code>\mathunderscore</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmathversion"><code>\mathversion</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmax"><code>\max</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmbox"><code>\mbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmdseries"><code>\mdseries</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedbreak"><code>\medbreak</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">\bigbreak &amp; \medbreak &amp; \smallbreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedskip"><code>\medskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedskip-1"><code>\medskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedskipamount"><code>\medskipamount</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmedspace"><code>\medspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmessage"><code>\message</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmessage">\message</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cMessageBreak_002c-and-message-text"><code class="code">\MessageBreak</code>, and message text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmho"><code>\mho</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmid"><code>\mid</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmin"><code>\min</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmodels"><code>\models</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmonth"><code>\month</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear">\day &amp; \month &amp; \year</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmp"><code>\mp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmu"><code>\mu</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmulticolumn"><code>\multicolumn</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn">\multicolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmultiput"><code>\multiput</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmultiput">\multiput</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnabla"><code>\nabla</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cname"><code>\name</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cname">\name</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnatural"><code>\natural</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cne"><code>\ne</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnearrow"><code>\nearrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cNeedsTeXFormat"><code>\NeedsTeXFormat</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat">\NeedsTeXFormat</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cneg"><code>\neg</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnegmedspace"><code>\negmedspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnegthickspace"><code>\negthickspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnegthinspace"><code>\negthinspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnegthinspace-1"><code>\negthinspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cneq"><code>\neq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewcommand"><code>\newcommand</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewcounter"><code>\newcounter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">\newcounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewenvironment"><code>\newenvironment</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewfont"><code>\newfont</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewglossaryentry"><code>\newglossaryentry</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewlength"><code>\newlength</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewline"><code>\newline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cNEWLINE">\<kbd class="key">NEWLINE</kbd></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewpage"><code>\newpage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewrobustcmd-_0028etoolbox-package_0029"><code>\newrobustcmd <span class="r">(<code class="t">etoolbox</code> package)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">\DeclareRobustCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewsavebox"><code>\newsavebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">\newsavebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewtheorem"><code>\newtheorem</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewtie"><code>\newtie</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnewwrite"><code>\newwrite</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cng"><code>\ng</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cNG"><code>\NG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cni"><code>\ni</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnobreakspace"><code>\nobreakspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocite"><code>\nocite</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnocite">\nocite</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocite-_007b_002a_007d_002c-for-all-keys"><code>\nocite <span class="r">{*}, for all keys</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocite-and-internal-_005ccitation"><code>\nocite <span class="r">and internal <code class="code">\citation</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocorr"><code>\nocorr</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnocorrlist"><code>\nocorrlist</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnofiles"><code>\nofiles</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnofiles">\nofiles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnoindent"><code>\noindent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnolinebreak"><code>\nolinebreak</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnonfrenchspacing"><code>\nonfrenchspacing</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing &amp; \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnonumber"><code>\nonumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnopagebreak"><code>\nopagebreak</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnormalfont"><code>\normalfont</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnormalmarginpar"><code>\normalmarginpar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnormalsfcodes"><code>\normalsfcodes</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">\normalsfcodes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnormalsize"><code>\normalsize</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnot"><code>\not</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnotin"><code>\notin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnu"><code>\nu</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnumberline"><code>\numberline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnumberline">\numberline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cnwarrow"><code>\nwarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005co-_0028o_0029"><code>\o <span class="r">(&oslash;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cO-_0028O_0029"><code>\O <span class="r">(&Oslash;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cobeycr"><code>\obeycr</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coddsidemargin"><code>\oddsidemargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coddsidemargin-1"><code>\oddsidemargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coddsidemargin-2"><code>\oddsidemargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005codot"><code>\odot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coe-_0028oe_0029"><code>\oe <span class="r">(&oelig;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cOE-_0028OE_0029"><code>\OE <span class="r">(&OElig;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coint"><code>\oint</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coldstylenums"><code>\oldstylenums</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cOmega"><code>\Omega</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005comega"><code>\omega</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cominus"><code>\ominus</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005conecolumn"><code>\onecolumn</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005conecolumn">\onecolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005copenin"><code>\openin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005copening"><code>\opening</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copening">\opening</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005copenout"><code>\openout</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coplus"><code>\oplus</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cOptionNotUsed"><code>\OptionNotUsed</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cOptionNotUsed">\OptionNotUsed</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coslash"><code>\oslash</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cotimes"><code>\otimes</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coval"><code>\oval</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005coval">\oval</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coverbrace_007bmath_007d"><code>\overbrace{<var class="var">math</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coverleftarrow_007bmath_007d"><code>\overleftarrow{<var class="var">math</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coverline_007bmath_007d"><code>\overline{<var class="var">math</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005coverrightarrow_007bmath_007d"><code>\overrightarrow{<var class="var">math</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cowns"><code>\owns</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cP"><code>\P</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageError"><code>\PackageError</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageInfo"><code>\PackageInfo</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageInfoNoLine"><code>\PackageInfoNoLine</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageWarning"><code>\PackageWarning</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPackageWarningNoLine"><code>\PackageWarningNoLine</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpagebreak"><code>\pagebreak</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpagenumbering"><code>\pagenumbering</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpageref"><code>\pageref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpageref">\pageref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpagestyle"><code>\pagestyle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpaperheight"><code>\paperheight</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpaperheight-1"><code>\paperheight</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpaperwidth"><code>\paperwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpaperwidth-1"><code>\paperwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpar"><code>\par</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpar">\par</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparagraph"><code>\paragraph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparagraph-1"><code>\paragraph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparallel"><code>\parallel</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparbox"><code>\parbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparbox">\parbox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparindent"><code>\parindent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparindent-1"><code>\parindent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparindent-2"><code>\parindent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparsep"><code>\parsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparskip"><code>\parskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cparskip-example"><code>\parskip <span class="r">example</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpart"><code>\part</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpart-1"><code>\part</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpartial"><code>\partial</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpartopsep"><code>\partopsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPassOptionsToClass"><code>\PassOptionsToClass</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage">\PassOptionsToClass &amp; \PassOptionsToPackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPassOptionsToClass_002c-ignoring"><code>\PassOptionsToClass<span class="r">, ignoring</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cLoadClass-_0026-_005cLoadClassWithOptions">\LoadClass &amp; \LoadClassWithOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPassOptionsToPackage"><code>\PassOptionsToPackage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage">\PassOptionsToClass &amp; \PassOptionsToPackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpdfpageheight"><code>\pdfpageheight</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpdfpagewidth"><code>\pdfpagewidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cperp"><code>\perp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cphantom"><code>\phantom</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPhi"><code>\Phi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cphi"><code>\phi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPi"><code>\Pi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpi"><code>\pi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpm"><code>\pm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpmod"><code>\pmod</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpoptabs"><code>\poptabs</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpoptabs-1"><code>\poptabs</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpounds"><code>\pounds</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPr"><code>\Pr</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprec"><code>\prec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpreceq"><code>\preceq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprevdepth"><code>\prevdepth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprime"><code>\prime</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprintglossaries"><code>\printglossaries</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprintglossaries-1"><code>\printglossaries</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprintindex"><code>\printindex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprintindex">\printindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProcessOptions"><code>\ProcessOptions</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions">\ProcessOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprod"><code>\prod</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpropto"><code>\propto</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprotect"><code>\protect</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprotect_002c-and-message-text"><code class="code">\protect</code>, and message text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprotected_0040write"><code>\protected@write</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cprovidecommand"><code>\providecommand</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand">\providecommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cproviderobustcmd-_0028etoolbox-package_0029"><code>\providerobustcmd <span class="r">(<code class="t">etoolbox</code> package)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">\DeclareRobustCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvidesClass"><code>\ProvidesClass</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage">\ProvidesClass &amp; \ProvidesPackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvidesFile"><code>\ProvidesFile</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cProvidesFile">\ProvidesFile</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvidesPackage"><code>\ProvidesPackage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cProvidesClass-_0026-_005cProvidesPackage">\ProvidesClass &amp; \ProvidesPackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvideTextCommand"><code>\ProvideTextCommand</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand">\DeclareTextCommand &amp; \ProvideTextCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault"><code>\ProvideTextCommandDefault</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault">\DeclareTextCommandDefault &amp; \ProvideTextCommandDefault</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cps"><code>\ps</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cps">\ps</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cPsi"><code>\Psi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpsi"><code>\psi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cpushtabs"><code>\pushtabs</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cput"><code>\put</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cput">\put</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cqbezier"><code>\qbezier</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cqbezier">\qbezier</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cqquad"><code>\qquad</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cqquad-1"><code>\qquad</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">\enspace &amp; \quad &amp; \qquad</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cquad"><code>\quad</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cquad-1"><code>\quad</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">\enspace &amp; \quad &amp; \qquad</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cquotedblbase-_0028_201e_0029"><code>\quotedblbase <span class="r">(&bdquo;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cquotesinglbase-_0028_201a_0029"><code>\quotesinglbase <span class="r">(&sbquo;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cr-_0028ring-accent_0029"><code>\r <span class="r">(ring accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005craggedbottom"><code>\raggedbottom</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">\raggedbottom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005craggedleft"><code>\raggedleft</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005craggedright"><code>\raggedright</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005craisebox"><code>\raisebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craisebox">\raisebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crangle"><code>\rangle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crbrace"><code>\rbrace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crbrack"><code>\rbrack</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crceil"><code>\rceil</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRe"><code>\Re</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cread"><code>\read</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cref"><code>\ref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005creflectbox"><code>\reflectbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crefname"><code>\refname</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crefstepcounter"><code>\refstepcounter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter">\refstepcounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crenewcommand"><code>\renewcommand</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crenewenvironment"><code>\renewenvironment</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crenewrobustcmd-_0028etoolbox-package_0029"><code>\renewrobustcmd <span class="r">(<code class="t">etoolbox</code> package)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">\DeclareRobustCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRequirePackage"><code>\RequirePackage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cRequirePackage-_0026-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions">\RequirePackage &amp; \RequirePackageWithOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRequirePackage_002c-and-texput-jobname"><code>\RequirePackage<span class="r">, and <code class="code">texput</code> jobname</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions"><code>\RequirePackageWithOptions</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cRequirePackage-_0026-_005cRequirePackageWithOptions">\RequirePackage &amp; \RequirePackageWithOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cresizebox"><code>\resizebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crestorecr"><code>\restorecr</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crestriction"><code>\restriction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crevemptyset"><code>\revemptyset</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005creversemarginpar"><code>\reversemarginpar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crfloor"><code>\rfloor</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crhd"><code>\rhd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crho"><code>\rho</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cright"><code>\right</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRightarrow"><code>\Rightarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightarrow"><code>\rightarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightharpoondown"><code>\rightharpoondown</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightharpoonup"><code>\rightharpoonup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightleftharpoons"><code>\rightleftharpoons</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crightmargin"><code>\rightmargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crm"><code>\rm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crmfamily"><code>\rmfamily</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005croman_007bcounter_007d"><code>\roman{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cRoman_007bcounter_007d"><code>\Roman{<var class="var">counter</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crotatebox"><code>\rotatebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crq"><code>\rq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crule"><code>\rule</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cS"><code>\S</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csamepage"><code>\samepage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csavebox"><code>\savebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox">\sbox &amp; \savebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csbox"><code>\sbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox">\sbox &amp; \savebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csc"><code>\sc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscalebox"><code>\scalebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscriptscriptstyle"><code>\scriptscriptstyle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscriptsize"><code>\scriptsize</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscriptstyle"><code>\scriptstyle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cscshape"><code>\scshape</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csearrow"><code>\searrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csec"><code>\sec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csection"><code>\section</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csection-1"><code>\section</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cseename"><code>\seename</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cselectfont"><code>\selectfont</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csetcounter"><code>\setcounter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csetlength"><code>\setlength</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetlength">\setlength</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csetminus"><code>\setminus</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csettodepth"><code>\settodepth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csettodepth">\settodepth</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csettoheight"><code>\settoheight</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csettoheight">\settoheight</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csettowidth"><code>\settowidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csettowidth">\settowidth</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csf"><code>\sf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csffamily"><code>\sffamily</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csharp"><code>\sharp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cShellEscape"><code>\ShellEscape</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cshipout-and-expansion"><code>\shipout <span class="r">and expansion</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cshortstack"><code>\shortstack</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cshortstack">\shortstack</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cSigma"><code>\Sigma</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csigma"><code>\sigma</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csignature"><code>\signature</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csignature">\signature</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csim"><code>\sim</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csimeq"><code>\simeq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csin"><code>\sin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csinh"><code>\sinh</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csl"><code>\sl</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cslash"><code>\slash</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cslash">\slash</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csloppy"><code>\sloppy</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy &amp; \sloppy</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cslshape"><code>\slshape</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmall"><code>\small</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallbreak"><code>\smallbreak</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">\bigbreak &amp; \medbreak &amp; \smallbreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallint"><code>\smallint</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallskip"><code>\smallskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallskip-1"><code>\smallskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmallskipamount"><code>\smallskipamount</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">\bigskip &amp; \medskip &amp; \smallskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csmile"><code>\smile</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE">\<kbd class="key">SPACE</kbd></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cSPACE-1"><code>\<kbd class="key">SPACE</kbd></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspace"><code>\space</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include &amp; \includeonly</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspace-1"><code>\space</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinput">\input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspace-2"><code>\space</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctypeout">\typeout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspace_002c-and-message-text"><code class="code">\space</code>, and message text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cClassError-and-_005cPackageError-and-others">\ClassError and \PackageError and others</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspacefactor"><code>\spacefactor</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspadesuit"><code>\spadesuit</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqcap"><code>\sqcap</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqcup"><code>\sqcup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqrt"><code>\sqrt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqsubset"><code>\sqsubset</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqsubseteq"><code>\sqsubseteq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqsupset"><code>\sqsupset</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csqsupseteq"><code>\sqsupseteq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005css-_0028ss_0029"><code>\ss <span class="r">(&szlig;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cSS-_0028SS_0029"><code>\SS <span class="r">(SS)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstackrel"><code>\stackrel</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstackrel">\stackrel</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstar"><code>\star</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstepcounter"><code>\stepcounter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter">\stepcounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstop"><code>\stop</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Recovering-from-errors">Recovering from errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstretch"><code>\stretch</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstretch">\stretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cstrut"><code>\strut</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubitem"><code>\subitem</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubparagraph"><code>\subparagraph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubparagraph-1"><code>\subparagraph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsection"><code>\subsection</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsection-1"><code>\subsection</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubset"><code>\subset</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubseteq"><code>\subseteq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsubitem"><code>\subsubitem</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsubsection"><code>\subsubsection</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csubsubsection-1"><code>\subsubsection</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csucc"><code>\succ</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csucceq"><code>\succeq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csum"><code>\sum</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csup"><code>\sup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csuppressfloats"><code>\suppressfloats</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csupset"><code>\supset</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csupseteq"><code>\supseteq</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csurd"><code>\surd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cswarrow"><code>\swarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csymbf"><code>\symbf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csymbfit"><code>\symbfit</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005csymbol"><code>\symbol</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Symbols-by-font-position">Symbols by font position</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ct-_0028tie_002dafter-accent_0029"><code>\t <span class="r">(tie-after accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cTAB">\<kbd class="key">TAB</kbd></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">\(SPACE)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctabbingsep"><code>\tabbingsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctabcolsep"><code>\tabcolsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctableofcontents"><code>\tableofcontents</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctableofcontents-1"><code>\tableofcontents</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctan"><code>\tan</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctanh"><code>\tanh</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctau"><code>\tau</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctelephone"><code>\telephone</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctelephone">\telephone</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cTeX"><code>\TeX</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextascendercompwordmark"><code>\textascendercompwordmark</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextasciicircum"><code>\textasciicircum</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextasciitilde"><code>\textasciitilde</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextasteriskcentered"><code>\textasteriskcentered</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbackslash"><code>\textbackslash</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbackslash-1"><code>\textbackslash</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbar"><code>\textbar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbardbl"><code>\textbardbl</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbf"><code>\textbf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbigcircle"><code>\textbigcircle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbraceleft"><code>\textbraceleft</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbraceright"><code>\textbraceright</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextbullet"><code>\textbullet</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextcapitalcompwordmark"><code>\textcapitalcompwordmark</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextcircled_007bletter_007d"><code>\textcircled{<var class="var">letter</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextcompwordmark"><code>\textcompwordmark</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextcopyright"><code>\textcopyright</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextdagger"><code>\textdagger</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextdaggerdbl"><code>\textdaggerdbl</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextdollar-_0028or-_005c_0024_0029"><code>\textdollar <span class="r">(or <code class="code">\$</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextellipsis"><code>\textellipsis</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextemdash-_0028or-_002d_002d_002d_0029"><code>\textemdash <span class="r">(or <code class="code">---</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextendash-_0028or-_002d_002d_0029"><code>\textendash <span class="r">(or <code class="code">--</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexteuro"><code>\texteuro</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextexclamdown-_0028or-_0021_0060_0029"><code>\textexclamdown <span class="r">(or <code class="code">!`</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfiguredash"><code>\textfiguredash</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfloatsep"><code>\textfloatsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfloatsep-1"><code>\textfloatsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfraction"><code>\textfraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextfraction-1"><code>\textfraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextgreater"><code>\textgreater</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextheight"><code>\textheight</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextheight-1"><code>\textheight</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexthorizontalbar"><code>\texthorizontalbar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextit"><code>\textit</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextleftarrow"><code>\textleftarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextless"><code>\textless</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextmd"><code>\textmd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextnonbreakinghyphen"><code>\textnonbreakinghyphen</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextnormal"><code>\textnormal</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextordfeminine"><code>\textordfeminine</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextordmasculine"><code>\textordmasculine</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextparagraph"><code>\textparagraph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextperiodcentered"><code>\textperiodcentered</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquestiondown-_0028or-_003f_0060_0029"><code>\textquestiondown <span class="r">(or <code class="code">?`</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotedblleft-_0028or-_0060_0060_0029"><code>\textquotedblleft <span class="r">(or <code class="code">``</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotedblright-_0028or-_0027_0027_0029"><code>\textquotedblright <span class="r">(or <code class="code">''</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquoteleft-_0028or-_0060_0029"><code>\textquoteleft <span class="r">(or <code class="code">`</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquoteright-_0028or-_0027_0029"><code>\textquoteright <span class="r">(or <code class="code">'</code>)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotesingle"><code>\textquotesingle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotestraightbase"><code>\textquotestraightbase</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextquotestraightdblbase"><code>\textquotestraightdblbase</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextregistered"><code>\textregistered</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextrightarrow"><code>\textrightarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextrm"><code>\textrm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsc"><code>\textsc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsection"><code>\textsection</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsf"><code>\textsf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsl"><code>\textsl</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextsterling"><code>\textsterling</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextstyle"><code>\textstyle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextthreequartersemdash"><code>\textthreequartersemdash</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexttrademark"><code>\texttrademark</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexttt"><code>\texttt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctexttwelveudash"><code>\texttwelveudash</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextunderscore"><code>\textunderscore</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextup"><code>\textup</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextvisiblespace"><code>\textvisiblespace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextwidth"><code>\textwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextwidth-1"><code>\textwidth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cth-_0028th_0029"><code>\th <span class="r">(&thorn;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cTH-_0028TH_0029"><code>\TH <span class="r">(&THORN;)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthanks_007btext_007d"><code>\thanks{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthepage"><code>\thepage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthepage">\thepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctheta"><code>\theta</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthicklines"><code>\thicklines</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthicklines">\thicklines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthickspace"><code>\thickspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthinlines"><code>\thinlines</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinlines">\thinlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthinspace"><code>\thinspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthinspace-1"><code>\thinspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cthispagestyle"><code>\thispagestyle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">\thispagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctilde"><code>\tilde</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctimes"><code>\times</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctiny"><code>\tiny</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctitle_007btext_007d"><code>\title{<var class="var">text</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cto"><code>\to</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctoday"><code>\today</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctop"><code>\top</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopfraction"><code>\topfraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopfraction-1"><code>\topfraction</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopmargin"><code>\topmargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopsep"><code>\topsep</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopskip"><code>\topskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctopskip-1"><code>\topskip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctriangle"><code>\triangle</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctriangleleft"><code>\triangleleft</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctriangleright"><code>\triangleright</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctt"><code>\tt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cttfamily"><code>\ttfamily</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctwocolumn"><code>\twocolumn</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctypein"><code>\typein</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctypein">\typein</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctypeout"><code>\typeout</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctypeout">\typeout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cu-_0028breve-accent_0029"><code>\u <span class="r">(breve accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunboldmath"><code>\unboldmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunboldmath-1"><code>\unboldmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunderbar"><code>\underbar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunderbrace_007bmath_007d"><code>\underbrace{<var class="var">math</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunderline_007bmath_007d"><code>\underline{<var class="var">math</var>}</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunitlength"><code>\unitlength</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunlhd"><code>\unlhd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cunrhd"><code>\unrhd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUparrow"><code>\Uparrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cuparrow"><code>\uparrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUpdownarrow"><code>\Updownarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cupdownarrow"><code>\updownarrow</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cupharpoonright"><code>\upharpoonright</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cuplus"><code>\uplus</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cupshape"><code>\upshape</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUpsilon"><code>\Upsilon</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cupsilon"><code>\upsilon</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cusebox"><code>\usebox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusebox">\usebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cusecounter"><code>\usecounter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cusefont"><code>\usefont</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cusepackage"><code>\usepackage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusepackage">\usepackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUseTextAccent"><code>\UseTextAccent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cUseTextSymbol-_0026-_005cUseTextAccent">\UseTextSymbol &amp; \UseTextAccent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cUseTextSymbol"><code>\UseTextSymbol</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cUseTextSymbol-_0026-_005cUseTextAccent">\UseTextSymbol &amp; \UseTextAccent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cv-_0028breve-accent_0029"><code>\v <span class="r">(breve accent)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvalue"><code>\value</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvalue">\value</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvanothing"><code>\vanothing</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarepsilon"><code>\varepsilon</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarphi"><code>\varphi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarpi"><code>\varpi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarrho"><code>\varrho</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvarsigma"><code>\varsigma</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvartheta"><code>\vartheta</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvbox-_0028plain-TeX_0029"><code>\vbox <span class="r">(plain TeX)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvdash"><code>\vdash</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvdots"><code>\vdots</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvec"><code>\vec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvector"><code>\vector</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvector">\vector</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvee"><code>\vee</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cverb"><code>\verb</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cverb_002c-as-fragile-command"><code>\verb<span class="r">, as fragile command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cVert"><code>\Vert</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvert"><code>\vert</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvfill"><code>\vfill</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvline"><code>\vline</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvline">\vline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvphantom"><code>\vphantom</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvspace"><code>\vspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cvtop-plain-TeX"><code>\vtop <span class="r">plain TeX</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwedge"><code>\wedge</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwidehat"><code>\widehat</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwidetilde"><code>\widetilde</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwlog"><code>\wlog</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwlog">\wlog</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwp"><code>\wp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwr"><code>\wr</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite"><code>\write</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite-and-security"><code class="code">\write</code> and security</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite-and-security">\write and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite-streams-16_002c-17_002c-18"><code class="code">\write</code> streams 16, 17, 18</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite18"><code>\write18</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cwrite18_002c-enabling"><code class="code">\write18</code>, enabling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cXeTeXdefaultencoding"><code>\XeTeXdefaultencoding</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cXeTeXinputencoding"><code>\XeTeXinputencoding</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cXi"><code>\Xi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cxi"><code>\xi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cxspace"><code>\xspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cyear"><code>\year</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear">\day &amp; \month &amp; \year</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005czeta"><code>\zeta</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-11">&amp;</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0026-_0028for-table-cells_0029"><code>&amp; <span class="r">(for table cells)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0026-character_002c-meaning-of"><code>&amp; <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-12">#</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0023-character_002c-meaning-of"><code># <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-13">%</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025-character_002c-meaning-of"><code>% <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-14">^</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005e-character_002c-meaning-of"><code>^ <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005e-superscript"><code>^ <span class="r">superscript</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005e_005eJ_002c-in-_005cwrite"><code class="code">^^J</code>, in <code class="code">\write</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-15">~</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007e"><code>~</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007e-character_002c-meaning-of"><code>~ <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-16">$</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0024-character_002c-meaning-of"><code>$ <span class="r">character</span>, meaning of</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0024-inline-math"><code>$ <span class="r">inline math</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0024_0024_002e_002e_002e_0024_0024-plain-TeX-display-math"><code>$$...$$ <span class="r">plain TeX display math</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-17">1</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-10pt-option"><code>10pt <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-11pt-option"><code>11pt <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-12pt-option"><code>12pt <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a4paper-option"><code>a4paper <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a5paper-option"><code>a5paper <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-abstract-environment"><code><code class="code">abstract</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-abstract-package"><code class="code">abstract</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-abstracts">abstracts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents">accents</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining">accents, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding">\DeclareFontEncoding</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-1">accents, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent">\DeclareTextAccent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-2">accents, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault">\DeclareTextAccentDefault</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-3">accents, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite">\DeclareTextComposite</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-4">accents, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand">\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-defining-5">accents, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault">\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-mathematical">accents, mathematical</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accessibility">accessibility</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">\DocumentMetadata</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accessing-any-character-of-a-font">accessing any character of a font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Symbols-by-font-position">Symbols by font position</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-acronyms_002c-list-of">acronyms, list of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-acute-accent">acute accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-acute-accent_002c-math">acute accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-additional-packages_002c-loading">additional packages, loading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusepackage">\usepackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-adjustbox-package"><code class="code">adjustbox</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ae-ligature">ae ligature</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-algorithm2e-package"><code class="code">algorithm2e</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-align-environment_002c-from-amsmath">align <span class="r">environment, from <code class="code">amsmath</code></span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-aligning-equations">aligning equations</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-alignment-via-tabbing">alignment via tabbing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-alphabetic-presentation-forms-Unicode-block">alphabetic presentation forms Unicode block</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ampersand-character_002c-meaning-of">ampersand character, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amscd-package"><code class="code">amscd</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsfonts-package"><code class="code">amsfonts</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsfonts-package-1"><code class="code">amsfonts</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-1"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-2"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-3"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-4"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-5"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-6"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-7"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl &amp; \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-8"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-9"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-10"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-11"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-12"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-13"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package-14"><code class="code">amsmath</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsmath-package_002c-replacing-eqnarray">amsmath <span class="r">package, replacing <code class="code">eqnarray</code></span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsthm-package"><code class="code">amsthm</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-amsthm-package-1"><code class="code">amsthm</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-answers-package"><code class="code">answers</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-appendices">appendices</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-appendix">appendix</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-appendix-package"><code class="code">appendix</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arguments_002c-optional_002c-defining-and-using">arguments, optional, defining and using</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-aring">aring</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-array-environment"><code><code class="code">array</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-array-package"><code class="code">array</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arrays_002c-math">arrays, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arrow_002c-left_002c-in-text">arrow, left, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arrow_002c-right_002c-in-text">arrow, right, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arrows">arrows</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-article-class"><code>article <span class="r">class</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ascender-height">ascender height</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ASCII-circumflex_002c-in-text">ASCII circumflex, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ASCII-tilde_002c-in-text">ASCII tilde, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-asterisk_002c-centered_002c-in-text">asterisk, centered, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Asymptote-package"><code class="code">Asymptote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Asymptote-package-1"><code class="code">Asymptote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Asymptote-package-2"><code class="code">Asymptote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Asymptote-package-3"><code class="code">Asymptote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-at-clause_002c-in-font-definitions">at clause, in font definitions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-at_002dsign"><code>at-sign</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-atenddvi-package"><code class="code">atenddvi</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi">\AtBeginDvi &amp; \AtEndDvi</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-author_002c-for-titlepage">author, for titlepage</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-auxiliary-file">auxiliary file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-b5paper-option"><code>b5paper <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-1"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-2"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-3"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-4"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-babel-package-5"><code class="code">babel</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-back-matter-of-a-book">back matter of a book</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-background_002c-colored">background, colored</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-backslash_002c-in-text">backslash, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-backslash_002c-meaning-of">backslash, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-badness">badness</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002dover-accent">bar-over accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002dover-accent_002c-math">bar-over accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002dunder-accent">bar-under accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002c-double-vertical_002c-in-text">bar, double vertical, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bar_002c-vertical_002c-in-text">bar, vertical, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-basics-of-LaTeX">basics of LaTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-batchmode">batchmode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-beamer-package"><code class="code">beamer</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-beamer-template-and-class"><code class="code">beamer</code> template and class</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-beginning-of-document-hook">beginning of document hook</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDocument">\AtBeginDocument</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bibliography-format_002c-open">bibliography format, open</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028automatically_0029">bibliography, creating (automatically)</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028manually_0029">bibliography, creating (manually)</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bibTeX_002c-using">bibTeX, using</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-big-circle-symbols_002c-in-text">big circle symbols, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-big-point">big point</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bigfoot-package"><code class="code">bigfoot</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-black-boxes_002c-omitting">black boxes, omitting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-blackboard-bold">blackboard bold</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Blackboard-bold">Blackboard bold</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-blanks_002c-after-control-sequences">blanks, after control sequences</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bm-package"><code class="code">bm</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#bm">bm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bold-font">bold font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bold-math">bold math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bold-typewriter_002c-avoiding">bold typewriter, avoiding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-boldface-mathematics">boldface mathematics</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book-class"><code>book <span class="r">class</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book_002c-back-matter">book, back matter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book_002c-end-matter">book, end matter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book_002c-front-matter">book, front matter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-book_002c-main-matter">book, main matter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bottomnumber"><code>bottomnumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bottomnumber-1"><code>bottomnumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box">bounding box</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box">box</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-allocating-new">box, allocating new</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">\newsavebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-bounding">box, bounding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-colored">box, colored</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-boxes">Colored boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-save">box, save</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox">\sbox &amp; \savebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-box_002c-use-saved-box">box, use saved box</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusebox">\usebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-boxes">boxes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bp"><code>bp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-brace_002c-left_002c-in-text">brace, left, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-brace_002c-right_002c-in-text">brace, right, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-braces">braces</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-braces_002c-meaning-of">braces, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-brackets">brackets</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breaking-lines">breaking lines</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breaking-pages">breaking pages</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary">breaks, multiplication discretionary</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breve-accent">breve accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-breve-accent_002c-math">breve accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bug-reporting">bug reporting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bullet-lists">bullet lists</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bullet-symbol">bullet symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bullet_002c-in-text">bullet, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bulleted-lists">bulleted lists</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-calligraphic-fonts">calligraphic fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calligraphic">Calligraphic</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-calligraphic-letters-for-math">calligraphic letters for math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cap-height">cap height</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-caption-package"><code class="code">caption</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccaption">\caption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-captions">captions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccaption">\caption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-caret-character_002c-meaning-of">caret character, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-caron-accent">caron accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-catcode">catcode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-category-code_002c-character">category code, character</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cc"><code>cc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cc-list_002c-in-letters">cc list, in letters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccc">\cc</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cedilla-accent">cedilla accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-center-environment"><code><code class="code">center</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centered-asterisk_002c-in-text">centered asterisk, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centered-equations">centered equations</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centered-period_002c-in-text">centered period, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centering-text_002c-declaration-for">centering text, declaration for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccentering">\centering</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centering-text_002c-environment-for">centering text, environment for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-centimeter">centimeter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-changing-case-of-characters">changing case of characters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-chapter">chapter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-chapter-1">chapter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-chapter-counter"><code>chapter counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character-category-code">character category code</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character-encoding">character encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input-encodings">Input encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character_002c-invisible">character, invisible</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character_002c-invisible-1">character, invisible</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-characters_002c-accented">characters, accented</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-characters_002c-case-of">characters, case of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-characters_002c-non_002dEnglish">characters, non-English</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-check-accent">check accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-check-accent_002c-math">check accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cicero">cicero</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circle-symbol_002c-big_002c-in-text">circle symbol, big, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circled-letter_002c-in-text">circled letter, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circumflex-accent">circumflex accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circumflex-accent_002c-math">circumflex accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circumflex_002c-ASCII_002c-in-text">circumflex, ASCII, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-citation-key">citation key</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbibitem">\bibitem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-and-package-commands">class and package commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-and-package-difference">class and package difference</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-creation">Class and package creation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-and-package-structure">class and package structure</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-file-example">class file example</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-file-layout">class file layout</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Class-Guide_002c-document">Class Guide, document</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-options">class options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-options-1">class options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-options-2">class options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption">\DeclareOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-class-writing-tutorial-document">class writing tutorial document</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-classes-of-documents">classes of documents</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cleveref-package"><code class="code">cleveref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cleveref-package-1"><code class="code">cleveref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cleveref-package-2"><code class="code">cleveref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CLI">CLI</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-interface">Command line interface</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-clock-option-to-slides-class"><code>clock <span class="r">option to <code class="code">slides</code> class</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-closing-letters">closing letters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclosing">\closing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-closing-quote">closing quote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-clsguide-document"><code>clsguide <span class="r">document</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cm"><code>cm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cm_002dsuper-package"><code class="code">cm-super</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cmd_002eexe_002c-used-by-_005cwrite18"><code>cmd.exe<span class="r">, used by <code class="code">\write18</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-code_002c-typesetting">code, typesetting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colon-character">colon character</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color">color</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-1">color</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Define-colors">Define colors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-2">color</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-text">Colored text</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-3">color</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-boxes">Colored boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-4">color</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-models">color models</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-models">Color models</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-package-commands">color package commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Commands-for-color">Commands for color</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-package-options">color package options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-package-options">Color package options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color_002c-define">color, define</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Define-colors">Define colors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colored-boxes">colored boxes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-boxes">Colored boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colored-page">colored page</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colored-text">colored text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-text">Colored text</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command-line-interface">command line interface</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-interface">Command line interface</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command-syntax">command syntax</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-class-and-package">commands, class and package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-defining-new-ones">commands, defining new ones</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-defining-new-ones-1">commands, defining new ones</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand">\providecommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-document-class">commands, document class</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-creation">Class and package creation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-graphics-package">commands, graphics package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Commands-for-graphics">Commands for graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-ignore-spaces">commands, ignore spaces</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-ignore-spaces-1">commands, ignore spaces</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-redefining">commands, redefining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-run-from-LaTeX">commands, run from LaTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-commands_002c-star_002dvariants">commands, star-variants</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-composite-word-mark_002c-in-text">composite word mark, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comprehensive-package"><code class="code">comprehensive</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-computer-programs_002c-typesetting">computer programs, typesetting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-graphics-package">configuration, graphics package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration">Graphics package configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-conflict-between-package-options">conflict between package options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage">\PassOptionsToClass &amp; \PassOptionsToPackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-contents-file">contents file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control-sequences">control sequences</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Control-sequences">Control sequences</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control-symbol_002c-defined">control symbol, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Control-sequences">Control sequences</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control-word_002c-defined">control word, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Control-sequences">Control sequences</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Cork-encoding">Cork encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-a-list-of">counters, a list of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-defining-new">counters, defining new</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">\newcounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-getting-value-of">counters, getting value of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvalue">\value</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-printing">counters, printing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-counters_002c-setting">counters, setting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cprotect-package"><code class="code">cprotect</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cprotect-package-1"><code class="code">cprotect</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cprotect-package-2"><code class="code">cprotect</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-creating-pictures">creating pictures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-creating-tables">creating tables</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-credit-footnote">credit footnote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-references">cross references</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-references_002c-resolving">cross references, resolving</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-referencing-with-page-number">cross referencing with page number</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpageref">\pageref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-referencing_002c-across-documents">cross referencing, across documents</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross-referencing_002c-symbolic">cross referencing, symbolic</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-page-numbers-in">cross-references, page numbers in</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthepage">\thepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CTAN">CTAN</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#CTAN">CTAN</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-curly-braces">curly braces</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-curly-braces_002c-meaning-of">curly braces, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-currency_002c-dollar">currency, dollar</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-currency_002c-euro">currency, euro</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dagger_002c-double_002c-in-text">dagger, double, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dagger_002c-in-text">dagger, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dagger_002c-in-text-1">dagger, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DANTE-e_002eV_002e">DANTE e.V.</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#CTAN">CTAN</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-datatool-package"><code class="code">datatool</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-date-of-format_002c-requiring">date of format, requiring</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat">\NeedsTeXFormat</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-date_002c-for-titlepage">date, for titlepage</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-date_002c-today_0027s">date, today&rsquo;s</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-datetime-package"><code class="code">datetime</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dbltopnumber"><code>dbltopnumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dbltopnumber-1"><code>dbltopnumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dcolumn-package"><code class="code">dcolumn</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dd"><code>dd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-declaration-form-of-font-size-commands">declaration form of font size commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-declaration-form-of-font-style-commands">declaration form of font style commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-default-option-processing">default option processing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption">\DeclareOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-define-color">define color</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Define-colors">Define colors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-a-new-command">defining a new command</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-a-new-command-1">defining a new command</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand">\providecommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-new-environments">defining new environments</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-new-fonts">defining new fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-defining-new-theorems">defining new theorems</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-definitions">definitions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Definitions">Definitions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delayed-_005cwrite">delayed <code class="code">\write</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005f0"><code>delim_0</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005f1"><code>delim_1</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005f2"><code>delim_2</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005fn"><code>delim_n</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delim_005fr"><code>delim_r</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delimiters">delimiters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-delimiters_002c-paired">delimiters, paired</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-description"><code>description</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-description-environment"><code><code class="code">description</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-description-lists_002c-creating">description lists, creating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-design-size_002c-in-font-definitions">design size, in font definitions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-didot-point">didot point</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dieresis-accent">dieresis accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-difference-between-class-and-package">difference between class and package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-creation">Class and package creation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dimen-plain-TeX">dimen <span class="r">plain TeX</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-directory-listings_002c-from-system">directory listings, from system</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-discretionary-breaks_002c-multiplication">discretionary breaks, multiplication</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-discretionary-hyphenation">discretionary hyphenation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">\discretionary</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-display-math-mode">display math mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-display-style">display style</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-displaying-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-displaymath-environment"><code><code class="code">displaymath</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-displaymath-environment-1"><code><code class="code">displaymath</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-class-commands">document class commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-creation">Class and package creation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-class-options">document class options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-class_002c-defined">document class, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-classes">document classes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-environment"><code><code class="code">document</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#document">document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-root-name">document root name</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-templates">document templates</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-templates">Document templates</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-documentmetadata_002dsupport_002ddoc-document"><code>documentmetadata-support-doc <span class="r">document</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">\DocumentMetadata</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dollar-sign">dollar sign</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dollar-sign-character_002c-meaning-of">dollar sign character, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot-accent">dot accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot-over-accent_002c-math">dot over accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot_002dover-accent">dot-over accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot_002dunder-accent">dot-under accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dotless-i">dotless i</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dotless-i_002c-math">dotless i, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dotless-j">dotless j</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dotless-j_002c-math">dotless j, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dots">dots</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-angle-quotation-marks">double angle quotation marks</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-dagger_002c-in-text">double dagger, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-dagger_002c-in-text-1">double dagger, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-dot-accent_002c-math">double dot accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-guillemets">double guillemets</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-left-quote">double left quote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-low_002d9-quotation-mark">double low-9 quotation mark</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-quotation-marks_002c-as-ligatures">double quotation marks, as ligatures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-quote_002c-straight-base">double quote, straight base</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-right-quote">double right quote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-spacing">double spacing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double-vertical-bar_002c-in-text">double vertical bar, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-doublestruck">doublestruck</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Blackboard-bold">Blackboard bold</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-draft-option"><code>draft <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvilualatex_002ddev"><code>dvilualatex-dev</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvipdfmx-command"><code>dvipdfmx <span class="r">command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvips-command"><code>dvips <span class="r">command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvitype-command"><code>dvitype <span class="r">command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-e_002ddash">e-dash</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-e_002dTeX">e-TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-e_002dTeX_002c-and-robust-commands">e-TeX, and robust commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">\DeclareRobustCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ellipses">ellipses</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ellipsis">ellipsis</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ellipsis_002c-in-Unicode-_0028U_002b2026_0029">ellipsis, in Unicode (U+2026)</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ellipsis_002c-traditional-_0028three-periods_0029">ellipsis, traditional (three periods)</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em-1"><code>em</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em">em</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em_002ddash">em-dash</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em_002ddash_002c-as-ligature">em-dash, as ligature</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em_002ddash_002c-three_002dquarters">em-dash, three-quarters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-em_002ddash_002c-two_002dthirds">em-dash, two-thirds</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-emphasis">emphasis</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-en_002ddash_002c-as-ligature">en-dash, as ligature</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enclosure-list">enclosure list</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cencl">\encl</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding_002c-font">encoding, font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding">\DeclareFontEncoding</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encodings_002c-input">encodings, input</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input-encodings">Input encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-end-matter-of-a-book">end matter of a book</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-end-of-document-hook">end of document hook</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtEndDocument">\AtEndDocument</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ending-and-starting">ending and starting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-engines_002c-TeX">engines, TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enlarge-current-page">enlarge current page</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">\enlargethispage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumerate-environment"><code><code class="code">enumerate</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumi-counter"><code>enumi counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumii-counter"><code>enumii counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumiii-counter"><code>enumiii counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumitem-package"><code class="code">enumitem</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumitem-package-1"><code class="code">enumitem</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enumiv-counter"><code>enumiv counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment">environment</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-form-of-font-size-commands">environment form of font size commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-abstract"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">abstract</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-array"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">array</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-center"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">center</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#center">center</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-description"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">description</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-displaymath"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">displaymath</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-displaymath-1"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">displaymath</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-document"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">document</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#document">document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-enumerate"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">enumerate</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-eqnarray"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">eqnarray</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-equation"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">equation</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-equation-1"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">equation</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-figure"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">figure</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-filecontents"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">filecontents</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-filecontents_002a"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">filecontents*</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-flushleft"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">flushleft</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-flushright"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">flushright</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-itemize"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">itemize</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-letter"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">letter</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#letter">letter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-list"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">list</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-math"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">math</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-math-1"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">math</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-minipage"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">minipage</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-picture"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">picture</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-quotation"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">quotation</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-quote"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">quote</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-sloppypar"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">sloppypar</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-tabbing"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">tabbing</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-table"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">table</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-tabular"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">tabular</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-thebibliography"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">thebibliography</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-theindex"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">theindex</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-theorem"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">theorem</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-theorem_002dlike">environment, theorem-like</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-titlepage"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">titlepage</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-verbatim"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">verbatim</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment_002c-verse"><code><span class="r">environment</span>, <code class="code">verse</code></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environments">environments</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environments_002c-defining">environments, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-envlab-package"><code class="code">envlab</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">\makelabels</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EPS-files">EPS files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eqnarray-environment"><code><code class="code">eqnarray</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-counter"><code>equation counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-environment"><code><code class="code">equation</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-environment-1"><code><code class="code">equation</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-number_002c-cross-referencing">equation number, cross referencing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-numbers_002c-left-vs_002e-right">equation numbers, left vs. right</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equation-numbers_002c-omitting">equation numbers, omitting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equations_002c-aligning">equations, aligning</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equations_002c-environment-for">equations, environment for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-equations_002c-flush-left-vs_002e-centered">equations, flush left vs. centered</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-error-messages_002c-from-BibTeX">error messages, from BibTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#BibTeX-error-messages">BibTeX error messages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-errorstopmode">errorstopmode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-es_002dzet-German-letter">es-zet German letter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-escaping-special-characters">escaping special characters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-etex-command"><code>etex <span class="r">command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eth_002c-Icelandic-letter">eth, Icelandic letter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-etoolbox-package"><code class="code">etoolbox</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">\DeclareRobustCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-euro-symbol">euro symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eurosym-package"><code class="code">eurosym</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eurosym-package-1"><code class="code">eurosym</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ex-1"><code>ex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ex">ex</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-exclamation-point_002c-upside_002ddown">exclamation point, upside-down</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-exclamation-points_002c-ending-a-sentence">exclamation points, ending a sentence</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-executivepaper-option"><code>executivepaper <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expl3-package"><code class="code">expl3</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expl3-package-1"><code class="code">expl3</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-exponent">exponent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expressions"><code>expressions</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Expressions">Expressions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extended-Latin">extended Latin</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-external-commands">external commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-external-files_002c-writing">external files, writing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-f_002dligatures">f-ligatures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fallback-jobname">fallback jobname</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-families_002c-of-fonts">families, of fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fancyhdr-package"><code class="code">fancyhdr</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fancyhdr-package-1"><code class="code">fancyhdr</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fancyvrb-package"><code class="code">fancyvrb</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fancyvrb-package-1"><code class="code">fancyvrb</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-feminine-ordinal-symbol">feminine ordinal symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figure-counter"><code>figure counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figure-dash-character">figure dash character</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figure-environment"><code><code class="code">figure</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figure-number_002c-cross-referencing">figure number, cross referencing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures_002c-footnotes-in">figures, footnotes in</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures_002c-inserting">figures, inserting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-closing">file, closing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-opening">file, opening</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-reading">file, reading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-root">file, root</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file_002c-root-1">file, root</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filecontents-environment"><code><code class="code">filecontents</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filecontents_002a-environment"><code><code class="code">filecontents*</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filename-for-current-job">filename for current job</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-final-option"><code>final <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-first_002dlatex_002ddoc-document"><code>first-latex-doc <span class="r">document</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fixed_002dwidth-font">fixed-width font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flafter-package"><code class="code">flafter</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fleqn-option"><code>fleqn <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-float-package"><code class="code">float</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-float-page">float page</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flush-left-equations">flush left equations</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flushing-floats-and-starting-a-page">flushing floats and starting a page</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flushleft-environment"><code><code class="code">flushleft</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-flushright-environment"><code><code class="code">flushright</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-catalogue">font catalogue</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-commands_002c-low_002dlevel">font commands, low-level</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-dimension_002c-slant">font dimension, slant</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-encoding">font encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-encoding-1">font encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent">\DeclareTextAccent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-encoding_002c-declaring">font encoding, declaring</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding">\DeclareFontEncoding</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-size">font size</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-sizes">font sizes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-styles">font styles</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-symbols_002c-by-number">font symbols, by number</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Symbols-by-font-position">Symbols by font position</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontenc"><code>fontenc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts">fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-new-commands-for">fonts, new commands for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewfont">\newfont</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-script">fonts, script</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calligraphic">Calligraphic</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontspec-package"><code class="code">fontspec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontspec-package-1"><code class="code">fontspec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footer-style">footer style</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footer_002c-parameters-for">footer, parameters for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote-counter"><code>footnote counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote-number_002c-cross-referencing">footnote number, cross referencing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote-parameters">footnote parameters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote_002c-in-a-table">footnote, in a table</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote_002c-in-section-headings">footnote, in section headings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnote_002c-of-a-footnote">footnote, of a footnote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnotes-in-figures">footnotes in figures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-creating">footnotes, creating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-in-a-minipage">footnotes, in a minipage</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-symbols-instead-of-numbers">footnotes, symbols instead of numbers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-force-option-for-filecontents"><code class="code">force</code> option for <code class="code">filecontents</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-format-files_002c-TeX">format files, TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-format_002c-requiring">format, requiring</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat">\NeedsTeXFormat</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-formulas_002c-environment-for">formulas, environment for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-formulas_002c-math">formulas, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-forward-reference">forward reference</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-forward-references_002c-resolving">forward references, resolving</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fraction">fraction</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrac">\frac</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fragile-commands">fragile commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-frame-rule-width"><code>frame rule width</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-frame_002c-line-width"><code>frame, line width</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-frame_002c-separation-from-contents"><code>frame, separation from contents</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">\fbox &amp; \framebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-French-quotation-marks">French quotation marks</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-front-matter-of-a-book">front matter of a book</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-functions_002c-math">functions, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-geometry-package"><code class="code">geometry</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-global-options">global options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-global-options-1">global options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusepackage">\usepackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-global-options-2">global options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions">\ProcessOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glossaries">glossaries</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glossary">glossary</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glossary_002c-entries">glossary, entries</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glossary_002c-entry-reference">glossary, entry reference</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgls">\gls</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glue-plain-TeX">glue <span class="r">plain TeX</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glue-register_002c-plain-TeX">glue register, plain TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics">graphics</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics">Graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-1">graphics</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration">Graphics package configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-2">graphics</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package">graphics package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics">Graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package-1">graphics package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-configuration">Graphics package configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package-2">graphics package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package-commands">graphics package commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Commands-for-graphics">Commands for graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-package-options">graphics package options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-options">Graphics package options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-packages">graphics packages</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-resizing">graphics, resizing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-resizing-1">graphics, resizing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-scaling">graphics, scaling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-scaling-1">graphics, scaling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphpap-package"><code class="code">graphpap</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgraphpaper">\graphpaper</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-grave-accent">grave accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-grave-accent_002c-math">grave accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-greater-than-symbol_002c-in-text">greater than symbol, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-greek-letters">greek letters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Greek-letters">Greek letters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Greek-letters">Greek letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-grfext-package"><code class="code">grfext</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-group_005fskip"><code>group_skip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-group_002c-and-environments">group, and environments</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environments">Environments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-guillemots_002c-birds">guillemots, birds</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hacek-accent">hacek accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hacek-accent_002c-math">h&aacute;&#269;ek accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Halmos-symbol">Halmos symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hard-space">hard space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hash-character-_0028_0023_0029_002c-meaning-of">hash character (<code class="code">#</code>), meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hat-accent">hat accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hat-accent_002c-math">hat accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hat-character_002c-meaning-of">hat character, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header-style">header style</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header_002c-parameters-for">header, parameters for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hello_002c-world">hello, world</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-here_002c-putting-floats">here, putting floats</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hilatex"><code>hilatex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-HINT-format">HINT format</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-HiTeX">HiTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-home-page-for-manual">home page for manual</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-bar-character">horizontal bar character</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-paragraph-indentation">horizontal paragraph indentation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-space">horizontal space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chss">\hss</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-space_002c-stretchable">horizontal space, stretchable</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chss">\hss</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-horizontal-spacing">horizontal spacing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hungarian-umlaut-accent">hungarian umlaut accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-1"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-2"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-3"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperref-package-4"><code class="code">hyperref</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphen-character_002c-non_002dbreaking">hyphen character, non-breaking</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-defining">hyphenation, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chyphenation">\hyphenation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-discretionary">hyphenation, discretionary</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cdiscretionary">\discretionary</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-forcing">hyphenation, forcing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">\- (hyphenation)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyphenation_002c-preventing">hyphenation, preventing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Icelandic-eth">Icelandic eth</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Icelandic-thorn">Icelandic thorn</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-idx-file">idx file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ij-letter_002c-Dutch">ij letter, Dutch</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-immediate-_005cwrite">immediate <code class="code">\write</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-implementations-of-TeX">implementations of TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-importing-graphics">importing graphics</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-in"><code>in</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inch">inch</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-including-graphics">including graphics</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indent_005flength"><code>indent_length</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indent_005fspace"><code>indent_space</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indent_002c-forcing">indent, forcing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentation-of-paragraphs_002c-in-minipage">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-1"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-2"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-3"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-4"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indentfirst-package-5"><code class="code">indentfirst</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027">index entries, &lsquo;see&rsquo; and &lsquo;see also&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-subentries">index entries, subentries</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index-entry">index entry</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index-package"><code class="code">index</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-multiple">index, multiple</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-page-range">index, page range</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-printing">index, printing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprintindex">\printindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-processing">index, processing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-producing-manually">index, producing manually</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-index_002c-style-file"><code>index, style file</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-indexes">indexes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-infinite-horizontal-stretch">infinite horizontal stretch</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-infinite-vertical-stretch">infinite vertical stretch</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inline-formulas">inline formulas</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inner-paragraph-mode">inner paragraph mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input-encodings">input encodings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input-encodings">Input encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input-file">input file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input_002c-on-command-line">input, on command line</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input_002foutput">input/output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input_002foutput">Input/output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input_002foutput_002c-to-terminal">input/output, to terminal</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input_002foutput">Input/output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inputenc"><code>inputenc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inserting-figures">inserting figures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-insertions-of-special-characters">insertions of special characters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-insertions">Special insertions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interface_002c-command-line">interface, command line</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-interface">Command line interface</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interline-space">interline space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-internal-vertical-mode">internal vertical mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inverted-exclamation-mark_002c-as-ligature">inverted exclamation mark, as ligature</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inverted-question-mark_002c-as-ligature">inverted question mark, as ligature</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-invisible-character">invisible character</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-invisible-character-1">invisible character</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-italic-correction">italic correction</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002f">\/</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-italic-font">italic font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f0"><code>item_0</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f01"><code>item_01</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f1"><code>item_1</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f12"><code>item_12</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005f2"><code>item_2</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005fx1"><code>item_x1</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-item_005fx2"><code>item_x2</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-itemize-environment"><code><code class="code">itemize</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-J">J</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-jobname">jobname</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-jobname-1">jobname</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-JPEG-files">JPEG files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-JPG-files">JPG files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-justification_002c-ragged-left">justification, ragged left</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-justification_002c-ragged-right">justification, ragged right</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-K">K</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e">Knuth, Donald E.</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-label">label</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-labelled-lists_002c-creating">labelled lists, creating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Lamport-TeX">Lamport TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Lamport_002c-Leslie">Lamport, Leslie</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape-option"><code>landscape <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape-orientation">landscape orientation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latex"><code>latex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latex-command"><code>latex <span class="r">command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-format-_0028_002efmt_0029-files">LaTeX format (<code class="code">.fmt</code>) files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-logo">LaTeX logo</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-overview">LaTeX overview</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-Project-team">LaTeX Project team</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX-vs_002e-LaTeX2e">LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latex_002ddev"><code>latex-dev</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latex_002ddoc_002dptr-document"><code>latex-doc-ptr <span class="r">document</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latex_002dlab-package"><code class="code">latex-lab</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">\DocumentMetadata</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX2e-logo">LaTeX2e logo</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LaTeX3-syntax">LaTeX3 syntax</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latexrefman_0040tug_002eorg-email-address"><code><a class="email" href="mailto:latexrefman@tug.org">latexrefman@tug.org</a> <span class="r">email address</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-latexsym-package"><code class="code">latexsym</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Latin-letters_002c-additional">Latin letters, additional</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-layout-commands">layout commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Layout">Layout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-layout_002c-page-parameters-for">layout, page parameters for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leaders_002c-dots-in-table-of-contents">leaders, dots in table of contents</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline">\@dottedtocline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leading">leading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-angle-quotation-marks">left angle quotation marks</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-arrow_002c-in-text">left arrow, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-brace_002c-in-text">left brace, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-brace_002c-meaning-of">left brace, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-quote">left quote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-quote_002c-double">left quote, double</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left-quote_002c-single">left quote, single</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left_002dhand-equation-numbers">left-hand equation numbers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left_002djustifying-text">left-justifying text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for">left-justifying text, environment for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-left_002dto_002dright-mode">left-to-right mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-legalpaper-option"><code>legalpaper <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lengths_002c-adding-to">lengths, adding to</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddtolength">\addtolength</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lengths_002c-allocating-new">lengths, allocating new</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lengths_002c-defining-and-using">lengths, defining and using</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lengths_002c-setting">lengths, setting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetlength">\setlength</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leqno-option"><code>leqno <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-less-than-symbol_002c-in-text">less than symbol, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lethead_005fflag"><code>lethead_flag</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lethead_005fprefix"><code>lethead_prefix</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lethead_005fsuffix"><code>lethead_suffix</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letter-class"><code>letter <span class="r">class</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letter-environment"><code><code class="code">letter</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#letter">letter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letterpaper-option"><code>letterpaper <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-accented">letters, accented</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-additional-Latin">letters, additional Latin</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-ending">letters, ending</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclosing">\closing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-starting">letters, starting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copening">\opening</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letters_002c-writing">letters, writing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Letters">Letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ligatures">ligatures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-break_002c-forcing">line break, forcing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaking">line breaking</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-changing">line breaks, changing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">\fussy &amp; \sloppy</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-forcing">line breaks, forcing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-multiplication-discretionary">line breaks, multiplication discretionary</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-preventing">line breaks, preventing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak &amp; \nolinebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-line_005fmax"><code>line_max</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lines-in-tables">lines in tables</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lining-numerals">lining numerals</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-in-tables">lining text up in tables</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-using-tab-stops">lining text up using tab stops</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-list-environment"><code><code class="code">list</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-list-items_002c-specifying-counter">list items, specifying counter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-list-of-figures-file">list of figures file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-list-of-tables-file">list of tables file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-listings-package"><code class="code">listings</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-listings-package-1"><code class="code">listings</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lists-of-items">lists of items</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lists-of-items_002c-generic">lists of items, generic</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lists-of-items_002c-numbered">lists of items, numbered</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lmodern-package"><code class="code">lmodern</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-loading-additional-packages">loading additional packages</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusepackage">\usepackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-local-options">local options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions">\ProcessOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-locale-information_002c-from-system">locale information, from system</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-log-file">log file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-log-file_002c-writing-to">log file, writing to</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-logo_002c-LaTeX">logo, LaTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-logo_002c-LaTeX2e">logo, LaTeX2e</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-logo_002c-TeX">logo, TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-long-command">long command</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cCheckCommand">\CheckCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-low_002d9-quotation-marks_002c-single-and-double">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-low_002dlevel-font-commands">low-level font commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lowercase">lowercase</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LR-box"><code>LR box</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LR-mode">LR mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lrbox"><code>lrbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#lrbox">lrbox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lshort-document"><code>lshort <span class="r">document</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-luainputenc-package"><code class="code">luainputenc</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lualatex"><code>lualatex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lualatex_002ddev"><code>lualatex-dev</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LuaTeX_002c-256-output-streams-in">LuaTeX, 256 output streams in</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-m_002dwidth">m-width</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macron-accent">macron accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macron-accent_002c-math">macron accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macros2e-package"><code class="code">macros2e</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Madsen_002c-Lars">Madsen, Lars</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#eqnarray">eqnarray</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mail-merges">mail merges</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-main-matter-of-a-book">main matter of a book</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">\frontmatter &amp; \mainmatter &amp; \backmatter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-make-a-box">make a box</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-makeidx-package"><code class="code">makeidx</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprintindex">\printindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-makeindex-program"><code class="command">makeindex</code> program</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-makeindex_002c-program"><code>makeindex, <span class="r">program</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-makeindex_002c-style-file"><code>makeindex, style file</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-making-a-title-page">making a title page</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-making-paragraphs">making paragraphs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-marginal-notes">marginal notes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-masculine-ordinal-symbol">masculine ordinal symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-matching-brackets">matching brackets</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-matching-parentheses">matching parentheses</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-accents">math accents</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-environment"><code><code class="code">math</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-environment-1"><code><code class="code">math</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-formulas">math formulas</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-functions">math functions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-miscellany">math miscellany</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode">math mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-entering">math mode, entering</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-spacing">math mode, spacing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-spacing-1">math mode, spacing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-spacing-2">math mode, spacing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-mode_002c-vertical-space">math mode, vertical space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-styles">math styles</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math-symbols">math symbols</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math_002c-arrows"><code>math, arrows</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-math_002c-bold">math, bold</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathematics_002c-boldface">mathematics, boldface</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">\boldmath &amp; \unboldmath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-1"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-2"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-3"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-4"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mathtools-package-5"><code class="code">mathtools</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-meaning-of-special-characters">meaning of special characters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-metadata_002c-adding">metadata, adding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">\DocumentMetadata</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MetaPost-package"><code class="code">MetaPost</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mfirstuc-package"><code class="code">mfirstuc</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mhchem-package"><code class="code">mhchem</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-millimeter">millimeter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-minipage-environment"><code><code class="code">minipage</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-minipage_002c-creating-a">minipage, creating a</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-minted-package"><code class="code">minted</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-minted-package-1"><code class="code">minted</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mirrors-of-CTAN">mirrors of CTAN</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#CTAN">CTAN</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mm"><code>mm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mobile-output">mobile output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-modes">modes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-monospace-font">monospace font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-moving-arguments">moving arguments</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mpfootnote-counter">mpfootnote counter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mpfootnote-counter-1"><code>mpfootnote counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mu"><code>mu</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mu_002c-math-unit">mu, math unit</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multicolumn-text">multicolumn text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multilingual-support">multilingual support</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multind-package"><code class="code">multind</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-indexes">multiple indexes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiplication_002c-discretionary">multiplication, discretionary</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_002a">\*</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-name"><code>name</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-name-of-document-root">name of document root</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-NBSP">NBSP</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nested-_005cinclude_002c-not-allowed">nested <code class="code">\include</code>, not allowed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">\include &amp; \includeonly</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-class-commands">new class commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-creation">Class and package creation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-command_002c-checking-definition-of">new command, checking definition of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cCheckCommand">\CheckCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-command_002c-definition">new command, definition</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">\DeclareRobustCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-commands_002c-defining">new commands, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-commands_002c-defining-1">new commands, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprovidecommand">\providecommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-line_002c-output-as-input">new line, output as input</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">\obeycr &amp; \restorecr</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-line_002c-starting">new line, starting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_005c">\\</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-line_002c-starting-_0028paragraph-mode_0029">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-new-page_002c-starting">new page, starting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-newline_002c-in-_005cwrite">newline, in <code class="code">\write</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-no_002dbreak-space_002c-Unicode-U_002b00A0">no-break space, Unicode U+00A0</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-noheader-option-for-filecontents"><code class="code">noheader</code> option for <code class="code">filecontents</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-non_002dbreaking-hyphen-character">non-breaking hyphen character</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-non_002dEnglish-characters">non-English characters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-non_002dsentence_002dending-punctuation">non-sentence-ending punctuation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nonstopmode">nonstopmode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nosearch-option-for-filecontents"><code class="code">nosearch</code> option for <code class="code">filecontents</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-notes-in-the-margin">notes in the margin</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-notitlepage-option"><code>notitlepage <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-null-delimiter">null delimiter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-number-sign-character-_0028_0023_0029_002c-meaning-of">number sign character (<code class="code">#</code>), meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-numbered-items_002c-specifying-counter">numbered items, specifying counter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-numerals_002c-old_002dstyle">numerals, old-style</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oblique-font">oblique font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oe-ligature">oe ligature</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ogonek">ogonek</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-old_002dstyle-numerals">old-style numerals</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-one_002dcolumn-output">one-column output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005conecolumn">\onecolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-onecolumn-option"><code>onecolumn <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oneside-option"><code>oneside <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-open-a-file">open a file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">\openin &amp; \openout</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-openany-option"><code>openany <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-openbib-option"><code>openbib <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-opening-quote">opening quote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-openright-option"><code>openright <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OpenType-fonts">OpenType fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-operating-system-information">operating system information</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-option-clash">option clash</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cPassOptionsToClass-_0026-_005cPassOptionsToPackage">\PassOptionsToClass &amp; \PassOptionsToPackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-option-processing-by-default">option processing by default</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption">\DeclareOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-option_002c-currently-being-processed">option, currently being processed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cCurrentOption">\CurrentOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-optional-arguments_002c-defining-and-using">optional arguments, defining and using</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-class">options, class</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption">\DeclareOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-color-package">options, color package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-package-options">Color package options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-command-line">options, command line</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-document-class">options, document class</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-document-class-1">options, document class</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-global">options, global</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusepackage">\usepackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-global-and-local">options, global and local</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions">\ProcessOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-graphics-package">options, graphics package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Graphics-package-options">Graphics package options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-list-of-unused">options, list of unused</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cOptionNotUsed">\OptionNotUsed</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-package">options, package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-package-1">options, package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption">\DeclareOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-processing">options, processing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions">\ProcessOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ordinals_002c-feminine-and-masculine">ordinals, feminine and masculine</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oslash">oslash</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OT1">OT1</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OT1-encoding">OT1 encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-outer-paragraph-mode">outer paragraph mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-directory-for-all-external-files">output directory for all external files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overbar-accent">overbar accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overdot-accent_002c-math">overdot accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overlining">overlining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overview-of-LaTeX">overview of LaTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overwrite-option-for-filecontents"><code class="code">overwrite</code> option for <code class="code">filecontents</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package-and-class-commands">package and class commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-commands">Class and package commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package-file-layout">package file layout</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package-options">package options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Class-and-package-structure">Class and package structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package-options-1">package options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption">\DeclareOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-abstract"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">abstract</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#abstract">abstract</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-adjustbox"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">adjustbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-algorithm2e"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">algorithm2e</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amscd"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amscd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsfonts"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsfonts</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsfonts-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsfonts</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#displaymath">displaymath</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#equation">equation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-6"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-7"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc_002e">\bigl &amp; \bigr etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-8"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-9"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-functions">Math functions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-10"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-11"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-12"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-13"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">Colon character &amp; \colon</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsmath-14"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsmath</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsthm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-amsthm-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">amsthm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-answers"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">answers</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-appendix"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">appendix</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cappendix">\appendix</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-array"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">array</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-Asymptote"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">Asymptote</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-Asymptote-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">Asymptote</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-Asymptote-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">Asymptote</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-Asymptote-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">Asymptote</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-atenddvi"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">atenddvi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cAtBeginDvi-_0026-_005cAtEndDvi">\AtBeginDvi &amp; \AtEndDvi</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-babel-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">babel</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-beamer"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">beamer</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-bigfoot"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">bigfoot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-of-footnotes">Footnotes of footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-bm"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">bm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#bm">bm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-caption"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">caption</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccaption">\caption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cleveref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cleveref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cleveref-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cleveref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cm_002dsuper"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cm-super</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-comprehensive"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">comprehensive</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cprotect</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cprotect</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-cprotect-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">cprotect</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-datatool"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">datatool</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-datetime"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">datetime</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-dcolumn"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">dcolumn</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-enumitem"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">enumitem</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-enumitem-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">enumitem</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-envlab"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">envlab</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">\makelabels</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-etoolbox"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">etoolbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">\DeclareRobustCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-eurosym"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">eurosym</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-eurosym-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">eurosym</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-expl3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">expl3</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-expl3-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">expl3</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fancyhdr"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fancyhdr</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fancyhdr-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fancyhdr</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fancyvrb"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fancyvrb</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fancyvrb-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fancyvrb</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-flafter"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">flafter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-float"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">float</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fontspec"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fontspec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-fontspec-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">fontspec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-geometry"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">geometry</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-graphpap"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">graphpap</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cgraphpaper">\graphpaper</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-grfext"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">grfext</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">\footnotemark</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-hyperref-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">hyperref</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-input">Command line input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-indentfirst-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">indentfirst</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">\indent &amp; \noindent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-index"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">index</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-latex_002dlab"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">latex-lab</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">\DocumentMetadata</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-latexsym"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">latexsym</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-listings"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">listings</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-listings-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">listings</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-lmodern"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">lmodern</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-luainputenc"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">luainputenc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#inputenc-package">inputenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-macros2e"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">macros2e</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter &amp; \makeatother</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-makeidx"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">makeidx</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprintindex">\printindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mathtools-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mathtools</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-MetaPost"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">MetaPost</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mfirstuc"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mfirstuc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-mhchem"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">mhchem</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-minted"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">minted</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-minted-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">minted</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-multind"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">multind</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-pict2e"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">pict2e</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-polyglossia"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">polyglossia</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-polyglossia-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">polyglossia</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-polyglossia-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">polyglossia</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-polyglossia-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">polyglossia</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-PSTricks"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">PSTricks</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-setspace"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">setspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-shellesc"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">shellesc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-showidx"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">showidx</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-siunitx"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">siunitx</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-siunitx-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">siunitx</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-suffix"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">suffix</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tablefootnote"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tablefootnote</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-texosquery"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">texosquery</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcase"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">textcase</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-textcomp"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">textcomp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-TikZ"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">TikZ</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-TikZ-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">TikZ</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-TikZ-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">TikZ</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tikz_002dcd"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tikz-cd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-3"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-4"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-titlesec-5"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">titlesec</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tocbibbind"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tocbibbind</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tocloft"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tocloft</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-tocloft-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">tocloft</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-ulem"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">ulem</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-unicode_002dmath"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">unicode-math</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-unicode_002dmath-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">unicode-math</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-unicode_002dmath-2"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">unicode-math</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Greek-letters">Greek letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-url"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">url</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-verbatimbox"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">verbatimbox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xparse"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xparse</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xparse-1"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xparse</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xr"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xr</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xr_002dhyper"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xr-hyper</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xspace"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xspace</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-package_002c-xstring"><span class="r">package</span>, <code class="code">xstring</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-packages_002c-loading-additional">packages, loading additional</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cusepackage">\usepackage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-break_002c-forcing">page break, forcing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-break_002c-preventing">page break, preventing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-breaking">page breaking</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-counter"><code>page counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-layout-parameters">page layout parameters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-number-representation">page number representation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthepage">\thepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-number_002c-cross-referencing">page number, cross referencing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpageref">\pageref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-numbering-style">page numbering style</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">\pagenumbering</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-style_002c-this-page">page style, this page</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">\thispagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-styles">page styles</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_005fprecedence"><code>page_precedence</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-colored">page, colored</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Colored-pages">Colored pages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paired-delimiters">paired delimiters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">\left &amp; \right</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph">paragraph</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-1">paragraph</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-counter"><code>paragraph counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentation">paragraph indentation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentation_002c-in-minipage">paragraph indentation, in minipage</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentations-in-quoted-text">paragraph indentations in quoted text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-indentations-in-quoted-text_002c-omitting">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-mode">paragraph mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-mode-1">paragraph mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparbox">\parbox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph-symbol">paragraph symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph_002c-ending">paragraph, ending</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpar">\par</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraph_002c-in-a-box">paragraph, in a box</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparbox">\parbox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paragraphs">paragraphs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes">parameters, for footnotes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-page-layout">parameters, page layout</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-substituting">parameters, substituting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parent-directories_002c-cannot-write-to">parent directories, cannot write to</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite-and-security">\write and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parentheses">parentheses</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Delimiters">Delimiters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-parentheses-and-ends-of-sentences">parentheses and ends of sentences</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-part">part</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-part-1">part</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-part-counter"><code>part counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pattern_002c-current-tab-stops_002c-tabbing">pattern, current tab stops, <span class="r">tabbing</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pc"><code>pc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-graphic-files">PDF graphic files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF_002c-tagged">PDF, tagged</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">\DocumentMetadata</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdflatex"><code>pdflatex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdflatex-command"><code>pdflatex <span class="r">command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdflatex_002ddev"><code>pdflatex-dev</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdfTeX">pdfTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdfTeX-engine">pdfTeX engine</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-percent-character_002c-meaning-of">percent character, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-period_002c-abbreviation_002dending">period, abbreviation-ending</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-period_002c-centered_002c-in-text">period, centered, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-period_002c-sentence_002dending">period, sentence-ending</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-period_002c-spacing-after">period, spacing after</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pica">pica</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pict2e-package"><code class="code">pict2e</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-picture-environment"><code><code class="code">picture</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pictures_002c-creating">pictures, creating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pilcrow">pilcrow</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-placement-of-floats">placement of floats</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-platex"><code>platex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-platex_002ddev"><code>platex-dev</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-plural"><code>plural</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PNG-files">PNG files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-poetry_002c-an-environment-for">poetry, an environment for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-point">point</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polish-l">polish l</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polyglossia-package"><code class="code">polyglossia</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polyglossia-package-1"><code class="code">polyglossia</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polyglossia-package-2"><code class="code">polyglossia</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-polyglossia-package-3"><code class="code">polyglossia</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-portrait-orientation">portrait orientation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-position_002c-in-picture">position, in picture</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-postamble"><code>postamble</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-point">PostScript point</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-postscript_002c-in-letters">postscript, in letters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cps">\ps</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pounds-symbol">pounds symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-preamble"><code>preamble</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-preamble_002c-defined">preamble, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-prerelease-testing">prerelease testing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printing-special-characters">printing special characters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-processing-options">processing options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cProcessOptions">\ProcessOptions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-prompt_002c-_002a">prompt, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">*</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Recovering-from-errors">Recovering from errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pronunciation">pronunciation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PSTricks-package"><code class="code">PSTricks</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pt"><code>pt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-punctuation_002c-sentence_002dending">punctuation, sentence-ending</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quad">quad</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-question-mark_002c-upside_002ddown">question mark, upside-down</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-question-marks_002c-ending-a-sentence">question marks, ending a sentence</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quotation-environment"><code><code class="code">quotation</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quotation-marks_002c-as-ligatures">quotation marks, as ligatures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quotation-marks_002c-French">quotation marks, French</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quote-environment"><code><code class="code">quote</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quote_002c-single-straight">quote, single straight</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quote_002c-straight-base">quote, straight base</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#quotation-_0026-quote">quotation &amp; quote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quotes-and-ends-of-sentences">quotes and ends of sentences</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-radical">radical</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ragged-left-text">ragged left text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ragged-left-text_002c-environment-for">ragged left text, environment for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ragged-right-text">ragged right text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ragged-right-text_002c-environment-for">ragged right text, environment for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushleft">flushleft</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-read-a-file">read a file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cread">\read</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-redefining-a-command">redefining a command</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-redefining-environments">redefining environments</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment &amp; \renewenvironment</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reference_002c-forward">reference, forward</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Cross-references">Cross references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-references_002c-resolving-forward">references, resolving forward</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-registered-symbol">registered symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-relation_002c-text-above">relation, text above</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstackrel">\stackrel</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-release-candidates">release candidates</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-remarks-in-the-margin">remarks in the margin</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-report-class"><code>report <span class="r">class</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reporting-bugs">reporting bugs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reserved-characters_002c-meaning-of">reserved characters, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reserved-characters_002c-printing">reserved characters, printing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resizing">resizing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resizing-1">resizing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-restricted-shell-access">restricted shell access</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-angle-quotation-marks">right angle quotation marks</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-arrow_002c-in-text">right arrow, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-brace_002c-in-text">right brace, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-brace_002c-meaning-of">right brace, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-parentheses_002fquotes_002c-and-spacing">right parentheses/quotes, and spacing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-quote">right quote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-quote_002c-double">right quote, double</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right-quote_002c-single">right quote, single</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right_002dhand-equation-numbers">right-hand equation numbers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right_002djustifying-text">right-justifying text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedleft">\raggedleft</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for">right-justifying text, environment for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#flushright">flushright</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rigid-lengths">rigid lengths</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ring-accent">ring accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ring-accent_002c-math">ring accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-robust-command_002c-defining">robust command, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareRobustCommand">\DeclareRobustCommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-robust-commands">robust commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-roman-font">roman font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-root-file">root file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-root-file-1">root file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-roots">roots</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rotating-graphics">rotating graphics</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rotating-text">rotating text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rotation">rotation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crotatebox">\rotatebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-row_002c-tabbing">row, <span class="r">tabbing</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rubber-lengths">rubber lengths</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rubber-lengths_002c-defining-new">rubber lengths, defining new</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-running-header-and-footer">running header and footer</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-running-header-and-footer-style">running header and footer style</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">\pagestyle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-samepage-environment"><code>samepage <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">\pagebreak &amp; \nopagebreak</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sans-serif-font">sans serif font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaled-point">scaled point</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaling">scaling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaling-1">scaling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-script-fonts">script fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calligraphic">Calligraphic</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-script-letters-for-math">script letters for math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-script-style">script style</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scriptscript-style">scriptscript style</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scrollmode">scrollmode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-secnumdepth"><code>secnumdepth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-secnumdepth-counter"><code>secnumdepth <span class="r">counter</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section">section</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-1">section</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-counter"><code>section counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-number_002c-cross-referencing">section number, cross referencing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-numbers_002c-printing">section numbers, printing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section-symbol">section symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-section_002c-redefining">section, redefining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040startsection">\@startsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sectioning-commands">sectioning commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sectioning_002c-part">sectioning, part</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-security-and-_005cwrite">security and <code class="code">\write</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite-and-security">\write and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-see-and-see-also-index-entries">see and see also index entries</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cindex">\index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-self_002dcontained-sources">self-contained sources</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sentence_002dending-punctuation">sentence-ending punctuation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-series_002c-of-fonts">series, of fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-setspace-package"><code class="code">setspace</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-setting-counters">setting counters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csetcounter">\setcounter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sh_002c-used-by-_005cwrite18"><code>sh<span class="r">, used by <code class="code">\write18</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shapes_002c-of-fonts">shapes, of fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sharp-character-_0028_0023_0029_002c-meaning-of">sharp character (<code class="code">#</code>), meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sharp-S-letters">sharp S letters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-access">shell access</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-escape">shell escape</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command-line-options">Command line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SHELL_002c-environment-variables"><code>SHELL<span class="r">, environment variables</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shellesc-package"><code class="code">shellesc</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-showidx-package"><code class="code">showidx</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-simulating-typed-text">simulating typed text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-angle-quotation-marks">single angle quotation marks</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-guillemets">single guillemets</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-left-quote">single left quote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-low_002d9-quotation-mark">single low-9 quotation mark</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-quote_002c-straight">single quote, straight</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-single-right-quote">single right quote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-siunitx-package"><code class="code">siunitx</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-siunitx-package-1"><code class="code">siunitx</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sizes-of-text">sizes of text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-skip-plain-TeX">skip <span class="r">plain TeX</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Lengths">Lengths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-skip-register_002c-plain-TeX">skip register, plain TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewlength">\newlength</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slanted-font">slanted font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slash-character_002c-breakable">slash character, breakable</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cslash">\slash</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slides-class"><code>slides <span class="r">class</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-classes">Document classes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sloppypar-environment">sloppypar environment</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sloppypar-environment-1"><code><code class="code">sloppypar</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#sloppypar">sloppypar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slot_002c-font">slot, font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent">\DeclareTextAccent</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-small-caps-font">small caps font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sort"><code>sort</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-source-files_002c-making-self_002dcontained">source files, making self-contained</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sp"><code>sp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space-between-lines">space between lines</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cbaselineskip-_0026-_005cbaselinestretch">\baselineskip &amp; \baselinestretch</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space-factor">space factor</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cspacefactor">\spacefactor</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-inserting-horizontal">space, inserting horizontal</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chss">\hss</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-inserting-vertical">space, inserting vertical</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-negative-thin">space, negative thin</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-thin">space, thin</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-unbreakable">space, unbreakable</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-space_002c-vertical">space, vertical</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spaces">spaces</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spaces">Spaces</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands">spaces, ignore around commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">\ignorespaces &amp; \ignorespacesafterend</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignore-around-commands-1">spaces, ignore around commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing-within-math-mode">spacing within math mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence">spacing, inter-sentence</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfrenchspacing-_0026-_005cnonfrenchspacing">\frenchspacing &amp; \nonfrenchspacing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-inter_002dsentence-1">spacing, inter-sentence</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">\normalsfcodes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-math-mode">spacing, math mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-math-mode-1">spacing, math mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Spanish-exclamation-mark_002c-as-ligature">Spanish exclamation mark, as ligature</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Spanish-ordinals_002c-feminine-and-masculine">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Spanish-question-mark_002c-as-ligature">Spanish question mark, as ligature</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ligatures">Ligatures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-special-characters">special characters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-special-characters_002c-meaning-of">special characters, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-special-characters_002c-printing">special characters, printing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printing-special-characters">Printing special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-special-insertions">special insertions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-insertions">Special insertions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-specifier_002c-float-placement">specifier, float placement</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-splitting-the-input-file">splitting the input file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Splitting-the-input">Splitting the input</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-square-root">square root</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csqrt">\sqrt</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stack-math">stack math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstackrel">\stackrel</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-star_002dvariants_002c-commands">star-variants, commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starred-form_002c-defining-new-commands">starred form, defining new commands</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand &amp; \renewcommand</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starting-a-new-page">starting a new page</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewpage">\newpage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starting-a-new-page-and-clearing-floats">starting a new page and clearing floats</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starting-and-ending">starting and ending</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Starting-and-ending">Starting and ending</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-starting-on-a-right_002dhand-page">starting on a right-hand page</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">\clearpage &amp; \cleardoublepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sterling-symbol">sterling symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-straight-double-quote_002c-base">straight double quote, base</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-straight-quote_002c-base">straight quote, base</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-straight-single-quote">straight single quote</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-infinite-horizontal">stretch, infinite horizontal</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005chfill">\hfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-infinite-vertical">stretch, infinite vertical</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvfill">\vfill</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stretch_002c-omitting-vertical">stretch, omitting vertical</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">\raggedbottom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-strut">strut</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cfootnote">\footnote</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-strut-1">strut</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-strut_002c-math">strut, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-styles-of-text">styles of text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-styles_002c-page">styles, page</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-styles">Page styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subparagraph">subparagraph</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subparagraph-1">subparagraph</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subparagraph-counter"><code>subparagraph counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subscript">subscript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsection">subsection</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsection-1">subsection</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsection-counter"><code>subsection counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsubsection">subsubsection</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsubsection-1">subsubsection</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subsubsection-counter"><code>subsubsection counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-suffix-package"><code class="code">suffix</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-superscript">superscript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts &amp; superscripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbol"><code>symbol</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">\newglossaryentry</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbol_002c-defining">symbol, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol">\DeclareTextSymbol</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-arrows">symbols, arrows</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-boldface">symbols, boldface</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#bm">bm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-math">symbols, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbols_002c-text">symbols, text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system-commands_002c-run-from-LaTeX">system commands, run from LaTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system-information">system information</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T1">T1</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T1-encoding">T1 encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tab-stops_002c-using">tab stops, using</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tabbing-environment"><code><code class="code">tabbing</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-counter"><code>table counter</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-environment"><code><code class="code">table</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents">table of contents</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents-entry_002c-create-dotted-line">table of contents entry, create dotted line</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040dottedtocline">\@dottedtocline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents-entry_002c-manually-adding">table of contents entry, manually adding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">\addcontentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents-file">table of contents file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-avoiding-footnotes">table of contents, avoiding footnotes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-section-headings">Footnotes in section headings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-creating">table of contents, creating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-page-numbers-in">table of contents, page numbers in</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthepage">\thepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-sectioning-numbers-printed">table of contents, sectioning numbers printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tablefootnote-package"><code class="code">tablefootnote</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Footnotes-in-a-table">Footnotes in a table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tables_002c-creating">tables, creating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tabular-environment"><code><code class="code">tabular</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tagged-PDF">tagged PDF</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDocumentMetadata">\DocumentMetadata</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-template-_0028simple_0029_002c-article">template (simple), <code class="code">article</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#article-template">article template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-template_002c-beamer">template, <code class="code">beamer</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#beamer-template">beamer template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-template_002c-book">template, <code class="code">book</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#book-template">book template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-template_002c-book-1">template, <code class="code">book</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Larger-book-template">Larger book template</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-templates_002c-document">templates, document</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-templates">Document templates</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-terminal-input_002foutput">terminal input/output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input_002foutput">Input/output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-terminal_002c-writing-to">terminal, writing to</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-format-_0028_002efmt_0029-files">TeX format (<code class="code">.fmt</code>) files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-logo">TeX logo</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texosquery-package"><code class="code">texosquery</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite18">\write18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texput_002c-jobname-default"><code>texput<span class="r">, jobname default</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text-style">text style</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-styles">Math styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text-symbols">text symbols</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text_002c-resizing">text, resizing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text_002c-resizing-1">text, resizing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text_002c-scaling">text, scaling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cscalebox">\scalebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text_002c-scaling-1">text, scaling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cresizebox">\resizebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-textcase-package"><code class="code">textcase</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-textcomp-package"><code class="code">textcomp</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thanks_002c-for-titlepage">thanks, for titlepage</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thebibliography-environment"><code><code class="code">thebibliography</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theindex"><code>theindex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theindex-environment"><code><code class="code">theindex</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Produce-the-index-manually">Produce the index manually</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theorem-environment"><code><code class="code">theorem</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theorem_002dlike-environment">theorem-like environment</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-defining">theorems, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-typesetting">theorems, typesetting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thin-space">thin space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thin-space-1">thin space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thin-space_002c-negative">thin space, negative</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">Spacing in math mode</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thin-space_002c-negative-1">thin space, negative</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">\thinspace &amp; \negthinspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-thorn_002c-Icelandic-letter">thorn, Icelandic letter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Additional-Latin-letters">Additional Latin letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-three_002dquarters-em_002ddash">three-quarters em-dash</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tie">tie</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tie_002dafter-accent">tie-after accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TikZ-package"><code class="code">TikZ</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cline">\line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TikZ-package-1"><code class="code">TikZ</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cstrut">\strut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TikZ-package-2"><code class="code">TikZ</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox &amp; \makebox</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tikz_002dcd-package"><code class="code">tikz-cd</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Arrows">Arrows</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde-accent">tilde accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde-accent_002c-math">tilde accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde-character_002c-meaning-of">tilde character, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde_002c-ASCII_002c-in-text">tilde, ASCII, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-title-page_002c-separate-or-run_002din">title page, separate or run-in</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-title-pages_002c-creating">title pages, creating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-title_002c-for-titlepage">title, for titlepage</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlepage-environment"><code><code class="code">titlepage</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlepage-option"><code>titlepage <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titles_002c-making">titles, making</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-1"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cpart">\part</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-2"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cchapter">\chapter</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-3"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csection">\section</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-4"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsection">\subsection</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-titlesec-package-5"><code class="code">titlesec</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">\subsubsection &amp; \paragraph &amp; \subparagraph</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocbibbind-package"><code class="code">tocbibbind</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocdepth"><code>tocdepth</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocdepth-counter"><code>tocdepth <span class="r">counter</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocloft-package"><code class="code">tocloft</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tocloft-package-1"><code class="code">tocloft</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ccontentsline">\contentsline</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-today_0027s-date">today&rsquo;s date</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tombstone">tombstone</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005crule">\rule</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-topmargin"><code>topmargin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-topnumber"><code>topnumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-topnumber-1"><code>topnumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-totalnumber"><code>totalnumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-totalnumber-1"><code>totalnumber</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Floats">Floats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trademark-symbol">trademark symbol</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-transcript-file">transcript file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TrueType-fonts">TrueType fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TS1-_0028text-companion_0029-encoding">TS1 (text companion) encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TS1-encoding">TS1 encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-two_002dcolumn-output">two-column output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-two_002dthirds-em_002ddash">two-thirds em-dash</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-twocolumn-option"><code>twocolumn <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-twoside-option"><code>twoside <span class="r">option</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-type-styles">type styles</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typed-text_002c-simulating">typed text, simulating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typeface-sizes">typeface sizes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typefaces">typefaces</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts">Fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typewriter-font">typewriter font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typewriter-labels-in-lists">typewriter labels in lists</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-U">U</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ulem-package"><code class="code">ulem</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-umlaut-accent">umlaut accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unbreakable-space">unbreakable space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_007e">~</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-underbar">underbar</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-underlining">underlining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Over_002d-or-under-math">Over- or under math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-underscore-character_002c-meaning-of">underscore character, meaning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-characters">Special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-underscore_002c-in-text">underscore, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Unicode">Unicode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Input-encodings">Input encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Unicode-input_002c-native">Unicode input, native</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unicode_002dmath-package"><code class="code">unicode-math</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#OpenType-bold-math">OpenType bold math</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unicode_002dmath-package-1"><code class="code">unicode-math</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dots">Dots</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unicode_002dmath-package-2"><code class="code">unicode-math</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Greek-letters">Greek letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-units_002c-of-length">units, of length</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unofficial-nature-of-this-manual">unofficial nature of this manual</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unordered-lists">unordered lists</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Unused-global-option-warning_002c-handling"><code class="code">Unused global option</code> warning, handling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cDeclareOption">\DeclareOption</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unused-options_002c-adding-to-list">unused options, adding to list</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cOptionNotUsed">\OptionNotUsed</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uplatex"><code>uplatex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uplatex_002ddev"><code>uplatex-dev</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uppercase">uppercase</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-url-package"><code class="code">url</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-using-BibTeX">using BibTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8_002c-default-LaTeX-input-encoding">UTF-8, default LaTeX input encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8_002c-engine-support-for">UTF-8, engine support for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-UTF_002d8_002c-font-support-for">UTF-8, font support for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#fontenc-package">fontenc package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-V">V</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-variables_002c-a-list-of">variables, a list of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Counters">Counters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vector-symbol_002c-math">vector symbol, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbatim-environment"><code><code class="code">verbatim</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbatim-text">verbatim text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbatim-text_002c-inline">verbatim text, inline</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbatimbox-package"><code class="code">verbatimbox</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verse-environment"><code><code class="code">verse</code> <span class="r">environment</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-version-of-format_002c-requiring">version of format, requiring</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cNeedsTeXFormat">\NeedsTeXFormat</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-bar_002c-double_002c-in-text">vertical bar, double, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-bar_002c-in-text">vertical bar, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-mode">vertical mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-space">vertical space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-space-1">vertical space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005caddvspace">\addvspace</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-space-before-paragraphs">vertical space before paragraphs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">\parindent &amp; \parskip</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-spacing">vertical spacing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">\phantom &amp; \vphantom &amp; \hphantom</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-spacing-1">vertical spacing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cmathstrut">\mathstrut</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vertical-spacing_002c-math-mode">vertical spacing, math mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-visible-space">visible space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cverb">\verb</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-visible-space-symbol_002c-in-text">visible space symbol, in text</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-weights_002c-of-fonts">weights, of fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-whatsit-item">whatsit item</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cwrite">\write</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-white-space">white space</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Spaces">Spaces</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-wide-hat-accent_002c-math">wide hat accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-wide-tilde-accent_002c-math">wide tilde accent, math</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-widths_002c-of-fonts">widths, of fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Wright_002c-Joseph">Wright, Joseph</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Upper-and-lower-case">Upper and lower case</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-writing-external-files">writing external files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#filecontents">filecontents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-writing-letters">writing letters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Letters">Letters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-X">X</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-x_002dheight">x-height</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Units-of-length">Units of length</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xdvi-command"><code>xdvi <span class="r">command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Output-files">Output files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xdvipdfmx"><code>xdvipdfmx</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xelatex"><code>xelatex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xelatex_002ddev"><code>xelatex-dev</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XeTeX">XeTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-engines">TeX engines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xindex-program"><code>xindex <span class="r">program</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xindy-program"><code>xindy <span class="r">program</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#makeindex">makeindex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xparse-package"><code class="code">xparse</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#LaTeX-command-syntax">LaTeX command syntax</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xparse-package-1"><code class="code">xparse</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">\@ifstar</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xr-package"><code class="code">xr</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xr_002dhyper-package"><code class="code">xr-hyper</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xr-package">xr package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xspace-package"><code class="code">xspace</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#xspace-package">xspace package</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-xstring-package"><code class="code">xstring</code> <span class="r">package</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Jobname">Jobname</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
 </table>
-<table class="cp-letters-footer-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>$</b></a>
+<table class="cp-letters-footer-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>_</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>&amp;</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>-</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>*</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>:</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>-</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>.</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>.</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>[</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>/</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>{</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>1</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>}</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>:</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>*</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>[</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>/</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
 <a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>\</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>^</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>&amp;</b></a>
+ &nbsp; 
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>#</b></a>
+ &nbsp; 
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>%</b></a>
+ &nbsp; 
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>^</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>_</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>~</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-16"><b>$</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>~</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-17"><b>1</b></a>
  &nbsp; 
 <br>
 <a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>

From 330f93321eb78398bc1a86ae11ee2bc50edb0093 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Sundermeyer <sunderme@gmx.de>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2024 14:00:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] force fusion style on OSX when screen height is below
 900 pixels

---
 src/texstudio.cpp | 11 ++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/texstudio.cpp b/src/texstudio.cpp
index ea30f2673..2dbd9e0b4 100644
--- a/src/texstudio.cpp
+++ b/src/texstudio.cpp
@@ -355,11 +355,20 @@ Texstudio::Texstudio(QWidget *parent, Qt::WindowFlags flags, QSplashScreen *spla
     if(Version::compareStringVersion(txsVersionConfigWritten,"4.8.0")==Version::Lower){
         resetDocks();
     }
+#ifdef Q_OS_MAC
+    if(qApp->primaryScreen()->size().height()<=900){
+        // on OSX only, force style to FUSION if style is MACOS (https://github.com/texstudio-org/texstudio/issues/3637)
+        if(configManager.interfaceStyle.isEmpty() || configManager.interfaceStyle == "macOS"){
+            configManager.interfaceStyle = "Fusion";
+            configManager.setInterfaceStyle();
+        }
+    }
+#endif
     // check if dock widgets are all spread and force a reset
     if(checkDockSpread()){
 #ifdef Q_OS_MAC
         // on OSX only, force style to FUSION if style is MACOS (https://github.com/texstudio-org/texstudio/issues/3637)
-        if(configManager.interfaceStyle == "macOS"){
+        if(configManager.interfaceStyle.isEmpty() || configManager.interfaceStyle == "macOS"){
             configManager.interfaceStyle = "Fusion";
             configManager.setInterfaceStyle();
         }

From 398caebdc84310aad74216c887f68246b633751f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Sundermeyer <sunderme@gmx.de>
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2024 19:24:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] update changelog

---
 utilities/manual/build/html/CHANGELOG.html | 7 +++++--
 utilities/manual/build/html/searchindex.js | 2 +-
 utilities/manual/source/CHANGELOG.md       | 3 +++
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/utilities/manual/build/html/CHANGELOG.html b/utilities/manual/build/html/CHANGELOG.html
index 5060812f0..f2baeabf3 100644
--- a/utilities/manual/build/html/CHANGELOG.html
+++ b/utilities/manual/build/html/CHANGELOG.html
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
 <meta property="og:url" content="CHANGELOG.html" />
 <meta property="og:site_name" content="TeXstudio" />
-<meta property="og:description" content="TeXstudio 4.8.2: fix background colors for AI chat interface in dark mode, on osx, new default spell dictionary changed to [txs-app-dir]/../Resources which is independent on actual txs app name.. T..." />
-<meta name="description" content="TeXstudio 4.8.2: fix background colors for AI chat interface in dark mode, on osx, new default spell dictionary changed to [txs-app-dir]/../Resources which is independent on actual txs app name.. T..." />
+<meta property="og:description" content="TeXstudio 4.8.2: fix background colors for AI chat interface in dark mode, on osx, new default spell dictionary changed to [txs-app-dir]/../Resources which is independent on actual txs app name., a..." />
+<meta name="description" content="TeXstudio 4.8.2: fix background colors for AI chat interface in dark mode, on osx, new default spell dictionary changed to [txs-app-dir]/../Resources which is independent on actual txs app name., a..." />
 <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" /><link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" /><link rel="prev" title="Background information" href="background.html" />
 
     <link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/texstudio.ico"/><!-- Generated with Sphinx 5.3.0 and Furo 2022.12.07 -->
@@ -213,6 +213,9 @@ <h2>TeXstudio 4.8.2<a class="headerlink" href="#texstudio-4-8-2" title="Permalin
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>fix background colors for AI chat interface in dark mode</p></li>
 <li><p>on osx, new default spell dictionary changed to [txs-app-dir]/../Resources which is independent on actual txs app name.</p></li>
+<li><p>automatically apply work-around on OSX if docks are spread-out in OSX style</p></li>
+<li><p>configuration is directly saved after accepting changes</p></li>
+<li><p>allow custom url for chatgpt server</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="texstudio-4-8-1">
diff --git a/utilities/manual/build/html/searchindex.js b/utilities/manual/build/html/searchindex.js
index 67456ed5e..f2030e6ff 100644
--- a/utilities/manual/build/html/searchindex.js
+++ b/utilities/manual/build/html/searchindex.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["CHANGELOG", "advanced", "background", "compiling", "configuration", "editing", "getting_started", "index", "internal_structures", "viewing"], "filenames": ["CHANGELOG.md", "advanced.md", "background.md", "compiling.md", "configuration.md", "editing.md", "getting_started.md", "index.rst", "internal_structures.md", "viewing.md"], "titles": ["CHANGELOG", "Advanced features", "Background information", "Compiling a document", "Configuring TeXstudio", "Editing a TeX document", "Getting started", "Welcome to TeXstudio Manual\u2019s documentation!", "Internal structures", "Viewing a document (pdf)"], "terms": {"show": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9], "about": [0, 1, 4, 7], "dialog": [0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6], "provid": [0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6], "onlin": 0, "templat": [0, 1, 7], "repositori": [0, 1, 4], "chang": [0, 1, 2, 4, 5], "preview": [0, 2, 5, 6, 7], "target": [0, 2, 4], "idefix": [0, 3, 5, 9], "menu": [0, 1, 3, 6, 7, 9], "2760": 0, "us": [0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9], "qtmultimedia": 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diff --git a/utilities/manual/source/CHANGELOG.md b/utilities/manual/source/CHANGELOG.md
index f669b04c8..60d9b6771 100644
--- a/utilities/manual/source/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/utilities/manual/source/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 
 - fix background colors for AI chat interface in dark mode
 - on osx, new default spell dictionary changed to [txs-app-dir]/../Resources which is independent on actual txs app name.
+- automatically apply work-around on OSX if docks are spread-out in OSX style
+- configuration is directly saved after accepting changes
+- allow custom url for chatgpt server
 
 ## TeXstudio 4.8.1