From 7ee77e8aa99a4f831dccfc2d473f66ab5f5c2416 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stkemzy <52363456+Stkemzy@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 6 Jul 2025 14:46:58 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Update README.md --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 8111b5f..797d1f5 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -### **Assignment: Gas and Fees + [Your Name]** +### **Assignment: Gas and Fees + Obiajulu** #### **Objective:** 1. Explain your understanding of **Gas and Fees** in Ethereum, including how **EIP-1559** changed the fee structure. From 467a232cfb97f7b4efe2ffd7d5c52658ff41bcae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stkemzy <52363456+Stkemzy@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 6 Jul 2025 15:16:12 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Create Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu Assignment in progress --- Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu diff --git a/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu b/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4049d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +1. What is Gas in Ethereum? +Gas is the unit that measures the computational work required to perform actions on the Ethereum blockchain. I think of gas as the fuel needed to power operations — whether; transferring ETH, interacting with smart contracts, or minting an NFT. + +Every operation has a gas cost — and the more complex the task, the more gas is needed. +So in essence, +> Gas = Computational effort needed +> Gas Fee = Gas used × Gas Price + +Now, for gas price. This is basically how much you're willing to pay per unit of gas, usually measured in gwei (1 gwei = 0.000000001 ETH). This is similar to saying, “I’m willing to pay ₦XX per litre of fuel.” even though I really don't bother about this, I just wait till asian time and pay the fees. That was then though. + +Higher gas prices mean your transaction will be processed faster, as miners/validators prioritize transactions with higher tips, I mean, even I would. + +2. What Did EIP-1559 Change? + +Before EIP-1559 (introduced in August 2021 via the London Hard Fork), users would manually set their gas price, competing with others in a chaotic bidding war. Good ol days... This often caused overpaying or stuck transactions. This wasn't always funny whenever it happened though. + +After-EIP-1559, there weren two Key Changes: + +i. Base Fee (Burned) + + A mandatory minimum fee was now automatically calculated by the network based on demand and this fee is then burned (permanently removed from circulation), reducing ETH supply. Pretty deflationary if you ask me. + +ii. Priority Fee (Tip) + + With this change, users now only add a small tip to incentivize miners/validators. + Think of it as saying: “Here’s something extra if you process my request faster.” or better still, "take this one hold your side" + +The final result of this impplementation was that, fees are more predictable, and rthereum now has a deflationary pressure due to burned base fees. + +Now check out thsi dope analogy to drive home my point... + +Imagine Ethereum is Lagos and making a transaction is like sending a delivery via bolt from mainland to island. + +* Gas Limit = How far or how hard the bolt driver will work (e.g., distance, weight of the delivery and time spent in hold up). +* Gas Price = How much you're willing to pay per litre of fuel, or how much you’ll tip the bolt driver to drive james bond and get there fast. +* Gas Fee = Total payment for the bolt ride (based on how far + how busy the road is). + +Now, before the EIP-1559 (pure chaos): + +You had to haggle with the bolt guy yourself in the middle of Ojuelegba traffic. No set pricing. You're literarily dragging with the bolt man. If you offered too little, he'll literarilly drive off, or accept another booking sharp sharp. + +But after EIP-1559 (where structure and order comes in): + +Now there's a minimum price board set by LASTMA (like the network) that these bolt guys cannot exceed. That price is also burned (used up, not pocketed by bolt drivers). However, you can still give your bolt guy a small change (priority fee) to go faster, if nah you guy oooo, but you no longer overpay or get ignored randomly if there are too many customers and you don't have anyting extra to give the bolt guy. From c56ff5cbe51f4614b2630d488c5ace2794a3eb39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stkemzy <52363456+Stkemzy@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 6 Jul 2025 15:44:37 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Update Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu --- Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+) diff --git a/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu b/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu index d4049d2..c236748 100644 --- a/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu +++ b/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Now, for gas price. This is basically how much you're willing to pay per unit of Higher gas prices mean your transaction will be processed faster, as miners/validators prioritize transactions with higher tips, I mean, even I would. +-------------- 2. What Did EIP-1559 Change? Before EIP-1559 (introduced in August 2021 via the London Hard Fork), users would manually set their gas price, competing with others in a chaotic bidding war. Good ol days... This often caused overpaying or stuck transactions. This wasn't always funny whenever it happened though. @@ -42,3 +43,68 @@ You had to haggle with the bolt guy yourself in the middle of Ojuelegba traffic. But after EIP-1559 (where structure and order comes in): Now there's a minimum price board set by LASTMA (like the network) that these bolt guys cannot exceed. That price is also burned (used up, not pocketed by bolt drivers). However, you can still give your bolt guy a small change (priority fee) to go faster, if nah you guy oooo, but you no longer overpay or get ignored randomly if there are too many customers and you don't have anyting extra to give the bolt guy. + + +----------------- +3. What is Slippage in DeFi? + +Slippage is the difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual price you get when the trade executes. Usually a pain moat times. + +Now, this happens due to one of these three reasons: + +* Low liquidity +* High volatility +* Delayed transaction confirmation (especially in congested blocks) + +In DeFi, when you're swapping tokens — e.g., ETH for USDC on Uniswap — the price you see when you click “Swap”* might not be what you get when the transaction actually gets mined. More often than not, its lower. Like why can't slippage just make me something extra. + +Anyways, the reason is because the market moved (due to other trades, price swings, or delays in processing your transaction). + +How Slippage Relates to Gas Prices + +i. High Gas Fees = Slower Confirmations (if your gas tip is low) + +If for instance, you were trying to save money and set a low priority fee, your transaction might sit in the mempool longer. And during that time, other traders (esp. bots and whales) will definitely front-run you, causing price changes before your swap goes through → leading to higher slippage. + +ii. Low Gas = Increased Vulnerability to MEV Bots + + * Sandwich attacks (where bots front-run and back-run your swap) can cause forced slippage. I mean you don't plan for a bunch of flash bots sneaking immediately past your transactions to buy and sell instantly, forcing you to buy higher or sell lower. + * These bots thrive in congested blocks where traders underprice their gas. + +iii. High Slippage Tolerance = Dangerous for Retail Users; +If you set a slippage tolerance of 10% trying to “just get it over with, I mean who doesn't”, you’re pretty much telling the smart contract: “As long as I get something back, even if it’s a bad deal, go ahead.” + +So in high-demand blocks (e.g., during an airdrop claim, meme coin launch, degen trading or narrative pumps), gas and slippage go hand-in-hand, either you pay higher gas to get priority (lowering slippage risk) big boy style, or you cheap out on gas and risk price movement ruining your trade, brokie style. + +Now here's another dope analogy for this; + +Imagine you enter Balogun Market, to change like 2 meter to USD. The Aboki man now tells you it's ₦1,510/1$ right now. + +But, you now decide to go to the bank to withdraw the money and then add that of your friend that always does things at the last minute and end up delaying for another 4 hours. By the time you return the aboki man now tells you that the rate has added #10 and is now #1,520/1$ +> That ₦10 difference per dollar = Slippage. You got a worse rate because you didn’t act fast enough. + +Now, let’s say there are **100 people also trying to buy USD** at the same time (like a token launch on Ethereum), and everyone is shouting prices. + +* If you refuse to “settle” the guy (aka give small tip), others will jump the queue. +* By the time your turn comes, the rate might have gone up even more → **worse slippage**. + +The "settle" you give = **Gas Tip (Priority Fee)** +The changing rate due to market demand = **Slippage** +The delay caused by stingy settlement = **Congestion + MEV danger** + +--- + +### 🧠 TL;DR for Web3 Natives + +* **Slippage** = The price drift between when you initiate a trade and when it gets mined. +* It's worsened by: + + * Low liquidity + * High market activity + * Poorly priced gas (especially during hype moments) +* Setting **better gas fees** (via EIP-1559’s priority tip) helps reduce slippage risk in volatile moments. +* In *naija terms*, slippage is like getting a worse rate at the **Bureau de Change** because you were slow or stingy with your *settlement*. + +--- + +Let me know if you want this rewritten as a **Twitter thread**, **blog post**, or converted into a **carousel for Instagram**. I can also build this into a Web3 educational series tailored for African audiences if you’re planning a project or content rollout. From 35912370005d6d91ea8462f2d20f76884db902bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stkemzy <52363456+Stkemzy@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 6 Jul 2025 15:50:42 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Update Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu Assignment done. Web3 should be very relatable and not too serious always. --- Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu | 29 +++++------------------------ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) diff --git a/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu b/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu index c236748..2bca80c 100644 --- a/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu +++ b/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu @@ -83,28 +83,9 @@ Imagine you enter Balogun Market, to change like 2 meter to USD. The Aboki man n But, you now decide to go to the bank to withdraw the money and then add that of your friend that always does things at the last minute and end up delaying for another 4 hours. By the time you return the aboki man now tells you that the rate has added #10 and is now #1,520/1$ > That ₦10 difference per dollar = Slippage. You got a worse rate because you didn’t act fast enough. -Now, let’s say there are **100 people also trying to buy USD** at the same time (like a token launch on Ethereum), and everyone is shouting prices. +Now, let’s say like 50 people also trying to buy USD at that same time (like a token launch on Ethereum), and everyone is shouting their price evis just everywhere just good for the aboki man, if you refuse to “settle” the guy you know, arrange small matter for him so he'll run yours sharp sharp, others will jump the queue asap. +By the time it reaches your turn, the rate might have gone up even more → worse slippage, or dollar would have finished. -* If you refuse to “settle” the guy (aka give small tip), others will jump the queue. -* By the time your turn comes, the rate might have gone up even more → **worse slippage**. - -The "settle" you give = **Gas Tip (Priority Fee)** -The changing rate due to market demand = **Slippage** -The delay caused by stingy settlement = **Congestion + MEV danger** - ---- - -### 🧠 TL;DR for Web3 Natives - -* **Slippage** = The price drift between when you initiate a trade and when it gets mined. -* It's worsened by: - - * Low liquidity - * High market activity - * Poorly priced gas (especially during hype moments) -* Setting **better gas fees** (via EIP-1559’s priority tip) helps reduce slippage risk in volatile moments. -* In *naija terms*, slippage is like getting a worse rate at the **Bureau de Change** because you were slow or stingy with your *settlement*. - ---- - -Let me know if you want this rewritten as a **Twitter thread**, **blog post**, or converted into a **carousel for Instagram**. I can also build this into a Web3 educational series tailored for African audiences if you’re planning a project or content rollout. +The "settlement" you give = Gas Tip (Priority Fee) remember from question 1 +The changing rate due to market demand = Slippage +The delay caused by stingy settlement = Congestion + MEV danger From 787832da88deea572b9688af9ded5935d2817ce5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stkemzy <52363456+Stkemzy@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 6 Jul 2025 16:41:13 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Delete Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu Not complete --- Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu | 91 ------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 91 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu diff --git a/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu b/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu deleted file mode 100644 index 2bca80c..0000000 --- a/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu +++ /dev/null @@ -1,91 +0,0 @@ -1. What is Gas in Ethereum? -Gas is the unit that measures the computational work required to perform actions on the Ethereum blockchain. I think of gas as the fuel needed to power operations — whether; transferring ETH, interacting with smart contracts, or minting an NFT. - -Every operation has a gas cost — and the more complex the task, the more gas is needed. -So in essence, -> Gas = Computational effort needed -> Gas Fee = Gas used × Gas Price - -Now, for gas price. This is basically how much you're willing to pay per unit of gas, usually measured in gwei (1 gwei = 0.000000001 ETH). This is similar to saying, “I’m willing to pay ₦XX per litre of fuel.” even though I really don't bother about this, I just wait till asian time and pay the fees. That was then though. - -Higher gas prices mean your transaction will be processed faster, as miners/validators prioritize transactions with higher tips, I mean, even I would. - --------------- -2. What Did EIP-1559 Change? - -Before EIP-1559 (introduced in August 2021 via the London Hard Fork), users would manually set their gas price, competing with others in a chaotic bidding war. Good ol days... This often caused overpaying or stuck transactions. This wasn't always funny whenever it happened though. - -After-EIP-1559, there weren two Key Changes: - -i. Base Fee (Burned) - - A mandatory minimum fee was now automatically calculated by the network based on demand and this fee is then burned (permanently removed from circulation), reducing ETH supply. Pretty deflationary if you ask me. - -ii. Priority Fee (Tip) - - With this change, users now only add a small tip to incentivize miners/validators. - Think of it as saying: “Here’s something extra if you process my request faster.” or better still, "take this one hold your side" - -The final result of this impplementation was that, fees are more predictable, and rthereum now has a deflationary pressure due to burned base fees. - -Now check out thsi dope analogy to drive home my point... - -Imagine Ethereum is Lagos and making a transaction is like sending a delivery via bolt from mainland to island. - -* Gas Limit = How far or how hard the bolt driver will work (e.g., distance, weight of the delivery and time spent in hold up). -* Gas Price = How much you're willing to pay per litre of fuel, or how much you’ll tip the bolt driver to drive james bond and get there fast. -* Gas Fee = Total payment for the bolt ride (based on how far + how busy the road is). - -Now, before the EIP-1559 (pure chaos): - -You had to haggle with the bolt guy yourself in the middle of Ojuelegba traffic. No set pricing. You're literarily dragging with the bolt man. If you offered too little, he'll literarilly drive off, or accept another booking sharp sharp. - -But after EIP-1559 (where structure and order comes in): - -Now there's a minimum price board set by LASTMA (like the network) that these bolt guys cannot exceed. That price is also burned (used up, not pocketed by bolt drivers). However, you can still give your bolt guy a small change (priority fee) to go faster, if nah you guy oooo, but you no longer overpay or get ignored randomly if there are too many customers and you don't have anyting extra to give the bolt guy. - - ------------------ -3. What is Slippage in DeFi? - -Slippage is the difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual price you get when the trade executes. Usually a pain moat times. - -Now, this happens due to one of these three reasons: - -* Low liquidity -* High volatility -* Delayed transaction confirmation (especially in congested blocks) - -In DeFi, when you're swapping tokens — e.g., ETH for USDC on Uniswap — the price you see when you click “Swap”* might not be what you get when the transaction actually gets mined. More often than not, its lower. Like why can't slippage just make me something extra. - -Anyways, the reason is because the market moved (due to other trades, price swings, or delays in processing your transaction). - -How Slippage Relates to Gas Prices - -i. High Gas Fees = Slower Confirmations (if your gas tip is low) - -If for instance, you were trying to save money and set a low priority fee, your transaction might sit in the mempool longer. And during that time, other traders (esp. bots and whales) will definitely front-run you, causing price changes before your swap goes through → leading to higher slippage. - -ii. Low Gas = Increased Vulnerability to MEV Bots - - * Sandwich attacks (where bots front-run and back-run your swap) can cause forced slippage. I mean you don't plan for a bunch of flash bots sneaking immediately past your transactions to buy and sell instantly, forcing you to buy higher or sell lower. - * These bots thrive in congested blocks where traders underprice their gas. - -iii. High Slippage Tolerance = Dangerous for Retail Users; -If you set a slippage tolerance of 10% trying to “just get it over with, I mean who doesn't”, you’re pretty much telling the smart contract: “As long as I get something back, even if it’s a bad deal, go ahead.” - -So in high-demand blocks (e.g., during an airdrop claim, meme coin launch, degen trading or narrative pumps), gas and slippage go hand-in-hand, either you pay higher gas to get priority (lowering slippage risk) big boy style, or you cheap out on gas and risk price movement ruining your trade, brokie style. - -Now here's another dope analogy for this; - -Imagine you enter Balogun Market, to change like 2 meter to USD. The Aboki man now tells you it's ₦1,510/1$ right now. - -But, you now decide to go to the bank to withdraw the money and then add that of your friend that always does things at the last minute and end up delaying for another 4 hours. By the time you return the aboki man now tells you that the rate has added #10 and is now #1,520/1$ -> That ₦10 difference per dollar = Slippage. You got a worse rate because you didn’t act fast enough. - -Now, let’s say like 50 people also trying to buy USD at that same time (like a token launch on Ethereum), and everyone is shouting their price evis just everywhere just good for the aboki man, if you refuse to “settle” the guy you know, arrange small matter for him so he'll run yours sharp sharp, others will jump the queue asap. -By the time it reaches your turn, the rate might have gone up even more → worse slippage, or dollar would have finished. - -The "settlement" you give = Gas Tip (Priority Fee) remember from question 1 -The changing rate due to market demand = Slippage -The delay caused by stingy settlement = Congestion + MEV danger From a2ab3f701ff95732f56accbb81aba09039cefd87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stkemzy <52363456+Stkemzy@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 6 Jul 2025 16:49:32 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Create Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu MAIN Assignment done. Web3 should be very relatable and not too serious always. --- Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu MAIN | 87 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 87 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu MAIN diff --git a/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu MAIN b/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu MAIN new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44ad006 --- /dev/null +++ b/Gas_and_Fees_Obiajulu MAIN @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +1. What is Gas in Ethereum? + +Gas is the unit that measures the computational work required to perform actions on the Ethereum blockchain. I think of gas as the fuel needed to power operations — whether; transferring ETH, interacting with smart contracts, or minting an NFT. +Every operation has a gas cost — and the more complex the task, the more gas is needed. +So in essence, + +> Gas = Computational effort needed +> Gas Fee = Gas used × Gas Price + +Now, for gas price. This is basically how much you're willing to pay per unit of gas, usually measured in gwei (1 gwei = 0.000000001 ETH). This is similar to saying, “I’m willing to pay ₦XX per litre of fuel.” even though I really don't bother about this, I just wait till Asian time and pay the fees. That was then though. +Higher gas prices mean your transaction will be processed faster, as miners/validators prioritize transactions with higher tips, I mean, even I would. + +-------------- + +2. What Did EIP-1559 Change? +Before EIP-1559 (introduced in August 2021 via the London Hard Fork), users would manually set their gas price, competing with others in a chaotic bidding war. Goodol days... This often caused overpaying or stuck transactions. This wasn't always funny whenever it happened though. +After-EIP-1559, there weren two Key Changes: + +i. Base Fee (Burned) + A mandatory minimum fee was now automatically calculated by the network based on demand and this fee is then burned (permanently removed from circulation), reducing ETH supply. Pretty deflationary if you ask me. + +ii. Priority Fee (Tip) + With this change, users now only add a small tip to incentivize miners/validators. Think of it as saying: “Here’s something extra if you process my request faster.” or better still, "take this one hold your side" + +The final result of this implementation was that, fees are more predictable, and ethereum now has a deflationary pressure due to burned base fees. + +Now check out this dope analogy to drive home my point... + +Imagine Ethereum is Lagos and making a transaction is like sending a delivery via bolt from mainland to island. + +* Gas Limit = How far or how hard the bolt driver will work (e.g., distance, weight of the delivery and time spent in hold up). + +* Gas Price = How much you're willing to pay per litre of fuel, or how much you’ll tip the bolt driver to drive James bond and get there fast. + +* Gas Fee = Total payment for the bolt ride (based on how far + how busy the road is). + +Now, before the EIP-1559 (pure chaos): +You had to haggle with the bolt guy yourself in the middle of Ojuelegba traffic. No set pricing. You're literally dragging with the bolt man. If you offered too little, he'll literally drive off, or accept another booking sharp sharp. + +But after EIP-1559 (where structure and order comes in): +Now there's a minimum price board set by LASTMA (like the network) that these bolt guys cannot exceed. That price is also burned (used up, not pocketed by bolt drivers). However, you can still give your bolt guy a small change (priority fee) to go faster, if nah your guy oooo, but you no longer overpay or get ignored randomly if there are too many customers and you don't have anything extra to give the bolt guy. + + +----------------- + +3. What is Slippage in DeFi? +Slippage is the difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual price you get when the trade executes. Usually a pain most times. +Now, this happens due to one of these three reasons: + +* Low liquidity + +* High volatility + +* Delayed transaction confirmation (especially in congested blocks) + +In DeFi, when you're swapping tokens — e.g., ETH for USDC on Uniswap — the price you see when you click “Swap”* might not be what you get when the transaction actually gets mined. More often than not, its lower. Like why can't slippage just make me something extra. +Anyways, the reason is because the market moved (due to other trades, price swings, or delays in processing your transaction). + +How Slippage Relates to Gas Prices; + +i. High Gas Fees = Slower Confirmations (if your gas tip is low) +If for instance, you were trying to save money and set a low priority fee, your transaction might sit in the mempool longer. And during that time, other traders (esp. bots and whales) will definitely front-run you, causing price changes before your swap goes through → leading to higher slippage. + +ii. Low Gas = Increased Vulnerability to MEV Bots +Sandwich attacks (where bots front-run and back-run your swap) can cause forced slippage. I mean you don't plan for a bunch of flash bots sneaking immediately past your transactions to buy and sell instantly, forcing you to buy higher or sell lower. These bots thrive in congested blocks where traders under-price their gas. + +iii. High Slippage Tolerance = Dangerous for Retail Users; +If you set a slippage tolerance of 10% trying to “just get it over with, I mean who doesn't”, you’re pretty much telling the smart contract: “As long as I get something back, even if it’s a bad deal, go ahead.” +So in high-demand blocks (e.g., during an airdrop claim, meme coin launch, degen trading or narrative pumps), gas and slippage go hand-in-hand, either you pay higher gas to get priority (lowering slippage risk) big boy style, or you cheap out on gas and risk price movement ruining your trade, brokie style. + + +Now here's another dope analogy for this; + +Imagine you enter Balogun Market, to change like 2 meter to dollar. The Aboki man now tells you it's ₦1,510/1$ right now. + +But, you now decide to go to the bank to withdraw the money and then add that of your friend that always does things at the last minute and end up delaying you for another 4 hours. By the time you return the aboki man now tells you that the rate has added #10 and is now #1,520/1$ + +> That ₦10 difference per dollar = Slippage. You got a worse rate because you didn’t act fast enough. + +Now, let’s say like 50 people are also trying to buy dollar at that same time (like a token launch on Ethereum), and everyone is shouting their own price you know everywhere just good for the aboki man. If you refuse to “settle” the guy you know, arrange small matter for him so he'll run yours sharp sharp, others will jump the queue asap. +By the time it reaches your turn, the rate might have gone up even more → worse slippage, or dollar would have finished. + +The "settlement" you give = Gas Tip (Priority Fee) remember from question 1 + +The changing rate due to market demand = Slippage + +The delay caused by stingy settlement = Congestion + MEV danger