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instructions.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Instructions - Onur Çatmabacak</title>
<style>
body {
scroll-behavior: smooth;
background-color: black;
color: white;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
position: relative;
min-height: 100vh;
font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
}
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
justify-content: flex-start;
padding: 20px;
padding-bottom: 2cm; /* Add 2 cm space at the bottom */
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display: inline-block;
padding: 10px 20px;
font-size: 16px;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
background-color: #ffffff; /* Button color */
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border-radius: 5px;
text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline */
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margin-top: 20px; /* Space above the button */
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.button:hover {
background-color: #ffffff; /* Darker shade on hover */
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align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
width: 100%;
padding-left: 8%;
padding-right: 8%;
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.logo a {
font-size: 40px;
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
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display: flex;
gap: 20px;
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font-size: 24px;
color: white;
padding: 10px;
transition: 0.5s;
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nav ul li a:hover {
color: #ffffff;
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h2 {
margin-top: 40px;
font-size: 40px;
text-align: left;
}
.instructions-content {
width: 100%; /* Full width */
max-width: 800px; /* Same max-width as the research page */
text-align: left;
margin: 20px auto;
line-height: 1.8;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0;
}
ul li {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
a {
color: #ffffff;
text-align: left;
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a:hover {
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.social-links {
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justify-content: center;
position: fixed;
bottom: 20px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
}
.social-links a {
margin: 0 10px;
}
.back-link {
margin-top: 30px;
font-size: 18px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<!-- Navigation Menu -->
<nav>
<div class="logo">
<a href="index.html#home">Onur Çatmabacak<span></span></a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#cv">CV</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#publications">Publications</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#research">Research</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<!-- Instructions Section -->
<div class="instructions-content" id="instructions">
<h2>Instructions for Research Project</h2>
<ul>
<li><u><h3>1. Solidify Your Physics and Math Foundations</h3></u>
<br>
<u>Astrophysics Basics:</u> Ensure you're familiar with core concepts in astrophysics such as stellar dynamics, cosmology, black holes, galaxy formation, and gravitational interactions.
<br>
<u>Mathematics:</u> Computational astrophysics relies heavily on differential equations (especially partial differential equations), linear algebra, numerical methods, and statistics. Strengthen these areas as they'll underpin much of the computational work.</li>
<br>
<li><u><h3>2. Learn Essential Programming Skills</h3></u>
<br>
<u>Languages:</u> Python is widely used in computational physics and astrophysics because of its readability and powerful libraries (e.g., NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, Astropy). However, C/C++, and Fortran are also used for more intensive simulations.
Learn Python for quick prototyping and data analysis. Consider C11, C++(one of the versions: 11, 14, 17, 20) or Fortran08 for high-performance simulations.
While learning it is important to learn the GPU parallelization.
<br>
<u>Libraries & Tools:</u>
NumPy/SciPy (for numerical computation), Matplotlib (for visualization),
Astropy (Python library specific to astrophysics),
h5py (For handling large datasets),
N-Body Simulation Libraries (e.g., <a href="">RAMSES</a>, <a href="http://www.tapir.caltech.edu/~phopkins/Site/GIZMO.html">Gizmo</a>,
<a href="https://eagle.strw.leidenuniv.nl/wordpress/index.php/people/">Eagle</a>,<a href="https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/gadget4/">Gadget</a>,
<a href="https://docs.mesastar.org/en/">MESA</a>).
<br>
<u>Parallel Computing:</u> Learn about parallelization (using MPI or OpenMP and various new technologies) since large-scale astrophysical simulations require significant computational resources.
<a href="https://github.com/taskflow/awesome-parallel-computing">Awesome Parallel Computing</a></li>
<br>
<li><u><h3>3. Study Numerical Methods for Astrophysics</h3></u>
<br>
<u>Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs):</u> Many astrophysical problems involve solving ODEs (e.g., orbital mechanics, stellar evolution).
<br>
<u>Partial Differential Equations (PDEs):</u> Understanding numerical solutions to PDEs is crucial for modeling fluid dynamics (e.g., accretion disks, gas in galaxies, star formation).
<br>
<u>Numerical Methods:</u> Solve different problems using different methods and make performanc ecomparisons, understand why some methods are superior to others and get familiar with what kind of astrophysical problems requires which type of differential equation solvers.
<br>
<u>N-body Simulations:</u> Learn algorithms like the Verlet algorithm and Barnes-Hut tree algorithm for simulating gravitational systems.
<br>
<u>Monte Carlo Methods:</u> Useful for simulating processes involving randomness (e.g., radiation transfer, particle interactions).
<br>
<u>Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR):</u> Important for simulating fluid systems (e.g., gas in galaxies, star formation).</li>
<br>
<li><u><h3>4. Courses and Books</h3></u>
<br>
<u>Books:</u>
<br>
"Numerical Recipes" by Press et al. (covers many algorithms and their implementations in different languages).
<br>
"Computational Astrophysics" by Charles L. Bennett (focuses specifically on astrophysical applications).
<br>
"An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics" by Carroll & Ostlie (great for theoretical background).
<br>
"Accretion Power in Astrophysics" by Frank, King & Ray (great for theoretical background).
<br>
<u>Online Courses:</u>
Look for courses in computational physics, astrophysics, or scientific computing on platforms like Coursera, edX, or MIT OpenCourseWare.
Check if your university offers specialized courses or projects in computational astrophysics.
<u>Lectures/Workshops:</u> Attend astrophysics conferences or workshops with a focus on computational methods.
You can find the books <a href="https://libgen.is/">HERE</a></li>
<br>
<li><u><h3>5. Work on Projects</h3></u>
<br>
<u>N-body Simulations:</u> Start with simulating a few-body gravitational system and scale it up to many-body systems (galaxies, star clusters).
<u>Stellar Evolution Models:</u> Simulate how stars evolve over time using numerical solutions to their internal equations.
<u>Cosmological Simulations:</u> Get involved in simulating the evolution of the universe on large scales, tracking galaxy formation and dark matter distribution (e.g., through cosmological N-body simulations).
<u>Fluid Dynamics Simulations:</u> Apply hydrodynamics to simulate star formation, accretion disks, or gas in galaxies.
<u>Data-Driven Projects:</u> Analyze real-world astrophysical data (e.g., from telescopes, surveys) using computational methods for things like exoplanet detection or galaxy classification.</li>
<br>
<li><u><h3>More links</h3></u>
<u>Github Repos for exercises:</u> <a href="https://github.com/EPFL-Astrophysics-I" class="button" target="_blank">EPFL Astrophysics I</a> and
<a href="https://open-astrophysics-bookshelf.github.io/" class="button" target="_blank">Open Astrophysics Bookshelf</a></li>
<br>
<u>To track research positions:</u> <a href="https://aas.org/jobregister" class="button" target="_blank">PhD Positions and more</a>
<br>
</ul>
<!-- Back to Research Link -->
<div class="back-link">
<a href="index.html#research" class="button">← Back to Research Page</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Social Links (Same as Other Pages) -->
<div class="social-links">
<a href="mailto:onurcatmabacak@gmail.com" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.icons8.com/ios-filled/50/ffffff/email.png" alt="Email">
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/onurcatmabacak" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.icons8.com/ios-filled/50/ffffff/github.png" alt="GitHub">
</a>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/onurcatmabacak/" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.icons8.com/ios-filled/50/ffffff/linkedin.png" alt="LinkedIn">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>