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近两个月写毕业论文去了，鸽了。现在重新开更，一时间也想不出要水点什么，就写一下之前遇到的一个R包安装的小问题吧。
一般安装
不同于其他语言，R有着高度集权的管理体系，至少我目前遇到的几乎所有包都要在cran上找（当然也有从源码安装），并且R语言的IDE基本等价于Rstudio（其他都不够好用）。
文档虽然有很多换皮网站，比如Rdocument和Rdrr，但其内容都是从cran的包简介里面扒的。咳咳，扯远了。。
总而言之，我一直认为R包的安装都是统一的：
1> install.packages("{PACKAGE_NAME}")
最多就是加入了一些参数：
12# 安装包及其依赖项> install.packages("{PACKAGE_NAME}", dependencies=T)
而一般的包确实如此，所以安装流程很懒人：
搜索cran上有没有这个包
用install.packages安装
特殊情况（以pcalg为例）
然而，从来如此，便对么？
最近我才发现，R包居然确实可以不由cran提 ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/2022/02/16/tutorial-pybind/" title="C++/Python联合编译：pybind11"> <img class="post_bg" src="/img/default_cover_2.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="C++/Python联合编译：pybind11"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2022/02/16/tutorial-pybind/" title="C++/Python联合编译：pybind11">C++/Python联合编译：pybind11</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2022-02-16T04:59:44.000Z" title="发表于 2022-02-16 12:59:44">2022-02-16</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">笔记</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-tag"></i><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/C/">C++</a><span class="article-meta__link">•</span><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/Python/">Python</a></span></div><div class="content">
Python方便但效率低，C++效率高但不方便，那不如把他们合起来用？
本篇介绍Python作为API、C++作为底层实现的方式之一：pybind11.
想要联合编译Python和C++有很多种方法和工具，我目前在用的是pybind11，给我感觉挺方便好用的。
安装pybind11
对于Linux来说，如果官方源里面有的话，可以直接从官方源安装，如：
1$ sudo pacman -S pybind11
否则可以根据官方文档安装，但强烈不建议PyPI里的包（功能不完全）！
再退一步，不装也没关系，直接把它源码从Github仓库扒下来，后面会讲到要怎么用：
1$ git clone https://github.com/pybind/pybind11.git
联合编译
方式一：setuptools [link]
这种方式相对传统（但常用），利用的是Python的打包工具setuptools（一般默认装了），可以利用pip进行管理。
示例目录如下：
123456.├── pyproject.toml├── setup.py└── src ├── bind.cpp └── m ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover left_radius"><a href="/2022/01/24/tutorial-archinstall-2/" title="Arch折腾记 | 安装Windows/Arch双系统（二）"> <img class="post_bg" src="/img/default_cover_5.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Arch折腾记 | 安装Windows/Arch双系统（二）"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2022/01/24/tutorial-archinstall-2/" title="Arch折腾记 | 安装Windows/Arch双系统（二）">Arch折腾记 | 安装Windows/Arch双系统（二）</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2022-01-24T02:48:27.000Z" title="发表于 2022-01-24 10:48:27">2022-01-24</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">笔记</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-tag"></i><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/arch/">arch</a></span></div><div class="content">
终于要整图形化界面啦！
上回说到，我们已经成功安装了Arch Linux到硬盘里，但它仍然处于黑框命令行的形式，想作为日常使用的机子显然是不够的，再怎么说也得整个图形界面出来吧。
写在最前
配置图形界面，难免可能写错配置文件，这有可能导致进入图形界面后卡死，但又因为没法进入命令行而无法修复。因此建议：
在全部配置完成之前，不要打开图形界面的自启动，以免出了问题也进不了命令行；
假如打开了图形界面自启，卡死了，也不用慌。重新插入启动盘，从启动盘进入系统，挂载分区，并通过arch-chroot进入命令行进行修复；
选择图形界面
图形界面有很多选择，我这里介绍的是KDE Plasma，其他的界面配置就请自行查看wiki了。
首先需要安装xorg依赖包，以及显卡驱动，具体请看这个说明：
1$ sudo pacman -S xorg-server xf86-video-intel mesa lib32-mesa
最后一个lib32-mesa包可能会找不到，需要启用multilib仓库：在/etc/pacman.conf里面找到如下行，并取消前面的注释：
12[multilib]Incl ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/2022/01/23/tutorial-archinstall-1/" title="Arch折腾记 | 安装Windows/Arch双系统（一）"> <img class="post_bg" src="/img/default_cover_1.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Arch折腾记 | 安装Windows/Arch双系统（一）"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2022/01/23/tutorial-archinstall-1/" title="Arch折腾记 | 安装Windows/Arch双系统（一）">Arch折腾记 | 安装Windows/Arch双系统（一）</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2022-01-23T05:01:33.000Z" title="发表于 2022-01-23 13:01:33">2022-01-23</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">笔记</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-tag"></i><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/arch/">arch</a></span></div><div class="content">
想用Arch Linux做开发，但又不想干掉Windows？那装个双系统吧~
本篇内容主要基于Arch - Installation Guide及这篇很不错的博客，写在前面表示感谢。
数据无价，请备份好重要数据再搞机。
预留新系统的空间
首先需要给你的Arch预留出空间，这个主要看你的使用情况，对我来说100G左右完全够了（不玩游戏，不跑机器学习，没有大型数据库）。
在Windows的“磁盘管理”中可以进行硬盘的压缩。预留出的空间应该是灰色的，表示没有被启用。
制作启动盘
启动盘，一般推荐使用一个8G以上的U盘，因为除了镜像本体外，安装过程中的缓存文件也需要在启动盘的空间上保存，所以越大越好。
制作方式多种多样，我使用的工具是Ventoy，非常傻瓜式：
下载安装Ventoy；
下载所需系统的iso镜像；
插入U盘，打开Ventoy，用它来格式化U盘（原有数据会被清空）；
将iso复制进格式化后的U盘里，可以复制多个；
制作完成。
没了。
关闭安全启动（secure boot）
值得注意的是，无论是Arch Linux的安装，还是我用到Veotoy启动盘，都不支持安全启动（s ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover left_radius"><a href="/2022/01/21/tutorial-vcbuildtool/" title="Windows折腾记 | Microsoft Visual C++工具安装"> <img class="post_bg" src="/img/default_cover_6.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Windows折腾记 | Microsoft Visual C++工具安装"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2022/01/21/tutorial-vcbuildtool/" title="Windows折腾记 | Microsoft Visual C++工具安装">Windows折腾记 | Microsoft Visual C++工具安装</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2022-01-21T09:19:15.000Z" title="发表于 2022-01-21 17:19:15">2022-01-21</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">笔记</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-tag"></i><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/windows/">windows</a></span></div><div class="content">
写代码还是用Linux吧。。省心
最近在给一台新电脑配置编译环境，因为测试要用，整的是windows系统，实在让人不省心。
废话不多说，总之本篇重点就是要整在编译Python包（底层涉及C++代码）时的这个错误：
123error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
这里“14.0”理论上也可能提示其他版本，总之没差，问题就在于少了个叫Microsoft Visual C++的编译工具。
为什么要装这玩意
不知道有没有人关注过为什么Windows下编译Python需要这玩意（其实我也没关注），但实际上在Python的官方Wiki上有这个说明。总而言之就是在Windows下没有内置（完善的）C++编译器，所以需要自行安装：
Visual C++
CPython
14.X
3.5, 3.6, ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/2022/01/03/tutorial-clash/" title="Arch折腾记 | clash安装"> <img class="post_bg" src="/img/default_cover_3.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Arch折腾记 | clash安装"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2022/01/03/tutorial-clash/" title="Arch折腾记 | clash安装">Arch折腾记 | clash安装</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2022-01-03T15:31:27.000Z" title="发表于 2022-01-03 23:31:27">2022-01-03</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">笔记</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-tag"></i><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/arch/">arch</a></span></div><div class="content">
本篇不涉及机场/节点，也并不是科学上网教程。只是因为Arch官网上的clash教程实在太简洁，所以记录一下我捣鼓这玩意的过程。
Clash主程序安装
安装主程序非常简单，如官网所说，我们只需要安装官方源里的包就好了：
1$ sudo pacman -S clash
然后手动下载一个叫Country.mmdb的玩意，咱也不用了解这是什么个原理，但如果想出去得用到这玩意就是了。下好之后放到~/.config/clash里（可能要新建文件夹）。
123456$ mkdir -p ~/.config/clash$ cd ~/.config/clash# 阿里源$ wget http://www.ideame.top/mmdb/Country.mmdb# Github Release （国内网络可能不稳）$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alecthw/mmdb_china_ip_list/release/Country.mmdb
然后可以把clash的配置文件xxx.yaml放到上面的文件夹里面，名字建议使用config.yaml，毕竟这样就 ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover left_radius"><a href="/2021/12/08/tutorial-pkgbuild-1/" title="Arch折腾记 | PKGBUILD怎么写"> <img class="post_bg" src="/img/default_cover_4.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Arch折腾记 | PKGBUILD怎么写"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2021/12/08/tutorial-pkgbuild-1/" title="Arch折腾记 | PKGBUILD怎么写">Arch折腾记 | PKGBUILD怎么写</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2021-12-08T13:04:57.000Z" title="发表于 2021-12-08 21:04:57">2021-12-08</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">笔记</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-tag"></i><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/arch/">arch</a></span></div><div class="content">
自安装了ArchLinux以来，准确的来说是从AUR安装东西以来，就一直想学PKGBUILD的写法。但是因为太懒没有动力，就一直拖着。直到最近想装个东西，但它没提供Arch包，这才整了整活。
跟着其他教程弄了半天，总算装上能用了，但写得肯定不够规范，以后有空了再更新吧~
PKGBUILD和AUR
使用ArchLinux的朋友可能不陌生，AUR（Arch User Repository）是一个用户自行打包、分享软件的平台，其安全性和稳定性虽然没法保证。但一般来说，只要安装有人气的包就没大问题。对于官方来说，也会将符合一些条件的包收录到官方库里面去。是ArchLinux社区的重要组成部分（这说法好官方哈哈哈哈哈）。
这无穷无尽的软件想要都塞给官方来保存，人又不是网盘，顶不住这么折腾，于是PKGBUILD就是一个很好的解决方式。
简单来说，PKGBUILD这个文件（对，它只是一个文本文件罢了）负责记录：
从哪来：软件数据从哪里下载
到哪去：怎么安装，安装到哪
大陆网络有时会发现无法下载AUR的包，如果不是PKGBUILD写错了，那么很大概率是连不上作者指定的下载源（你懂的）
...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/2021/12/03/tutorial-hexo-2/" title="Hexo建个站玩儿 | 第二期 - 弄好看点"> <img class="post_bg" src="/img/default_cover_6.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Hexo建个站玩儿 | 第二期 - 弄好看点"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2021/12/03/tutorial-hexo-2/" title="Hexo建个站玩儿 | 第二期 - 弄好看点">Hexo建个站玩儿 | 第二期 - 弄好看点</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2021-12-03T06:46:14.000Z" title="发表于 2021-12-03 14:46:14">2021-12-03</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">笔记</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-tag"></i><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/hexo/">hexo</a></span></div><div class="content">欸欸，就是玩儿~</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover left_radius"><a href="/2021/12/03/tutorial-linux-software/" title="软件安装汇总 | Linux/WSL"> <img class="post_bg" src="/img/default_cover_2.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="软件安装汇总 | Linux/WSL"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2021/12/03/tutorial-linux-software/" title="软件安装汇总 | Linux/WSL">软件安装汇总 | Linux/WSL</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2021-12-03T03:11:11.000Z" title="发表于 2021-12-03 11:11:11">2021-12-03</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">笔记</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-tag"></i><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/Linux/">Linux</a><span class="article-meta__link">•</span><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/">软件</a></span></div><div class="content">
本篇汇总了站内用到的各种Linux下软件的安装，主要是利用命令行，因此一些基本的命令行语法不会做过多解释。一般来说，我会以我自己的系统（Ubuntu 20.04）为例给出详细步骤，对于其他平台请参考我给出的其他教程链接（尽量都会附上的，没有的话就算了）。
部分教程需要科学上网工具，请尽量自备
Git
这个看官方教程就好，实际上就是从Linux官方源里下：
1$ sudo apt install git
利用git --version查看版本，以确认安装成功。
Node.js
方案一：通过nvm安装
Node Version Manager（简称nvm）是一个十分方便的Node.js管理器，可以很方便地进行安装、卸载、版本切换等，其官方地址在此。
首先需要安装nvm，这里只放命令行安装：
12# "v0.39.0" is the latest now$ curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.0/install.sh | bash
重启命令行，然后可以通过nvm -v查看安装版本， ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/2021/12/01/tutorial-hexo-1/" title="Hexo建个站玩儿 | 第一期 - 弄出个网站来"> <img class="post_bg" src="/img/default_cover_5.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Hexo建个站玩儿 | 第一期 - 弄出个网站来"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/2021/12/01/tutorial-hexo-1/" title="Hexo建个站玩儿 | 第一期 - 弄出个网站来">Hexo建个站玩儿 | 第一期 - 弄出个网站来</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2021-12-01T13:53:51.000Z" title="发表于 2021-12-01 21:53:51">2021-12-01</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">笔记</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-tag"></i><a class="article-meta__tags" href="/tags/hexo/">hexo</a></span></div><div class="content">欸，就是玩儿~</div></div></div><nav id="pagination"><div class="pagination"><span class="page-number current">1</span><a class="page-number" href="/page/2/#content-inner">2</a><a class="extend next" rel="next" href="/page/2/#content-inner"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right fa-fw"></i></a></div></nav></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="is-center"><div class="avatar-img"><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/02/24/5O1day2nriDzjSu.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/friend_404.gif'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="author-info__name">oooo26</div><div class="author-info__description">一个什么都不会的家伙</div></div><div class="card-info-data"><div class="card-info-data-item is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">11</div></a></div><div class="card-info-data-item is-center"><a href="/tags/"><div 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