diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 088f5c8..4f2fa53 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ LDFLAGS	+= -lm
 OBJS = \
     tests/binding.o \
     tests/common.o \
+    tests/debug_tools.o \
     tests/impl.o \
     tests/main.o
 deps := $(OBJS:%.o=%.o.d)
diff --git a/tests/debug_tools.cpp b/tests/debug_tools.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..590e2b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/debug_tools.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#include "debug_tools.h"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace SSE2RVV {
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define INT64_ESCAPE "%20lld"
+#define UINT64_ESCAPE "%20llu"
+#else
+#define INT64_ESCAPE "%20ld"
+#define UINT64_ESCAPE "%20lu"
+#endif
+
+void print_64_bits_u8_arr(const char *var_name, const uint8_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %3u, %s1: %3u, %s2: %3u, %s3: %3u, %s4: %3u, %s5: %3u, %s6: "
+         "%3u, %s7: %3u\n",
+         var_name, u[0], var_name, u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3],
+         var_name, u[4], var_name, u[5], var_name, u[6], var_name, u[7]);
+}
+void print_64_bits_s8_arr(const char *var_name, const int8_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %3d, %s1: %3d, %s2: %3d, %s3: %3d, %s4: %3d, %s5: %3d, %s6: "
+         "%3d, %s7: %3d\n",
+         var_name, u[0], var_name, u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3],
+         var_name, u[4], var_name, u[5], var_name, u[6], var_name, u[7]);
+}
+void print_64_bits_u16_arr(const char *var_name, const uint16_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %5u, %s1: %5u, %s2: %5u, %s3: %5u\n", var_name, u[0], var_name,
+         u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3]);
+}
+void print_64_bits_s16_arr(const char *var_name, const int16_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %5d, %s1: %5d, %s2: %5d, %s3: %5d\n", var_name, u[0], var_name,
+         u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3]);
+}
+void print_64_bits_u32_arr(const char *var_name, const uint32_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %10u, %s1: %10u\n", var_name, u[0], var_name, u[1]);
+}
+void print_64_bits_s32_arr(const char *var_name, const int32_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %10d, %s1: %10d\n", var_name, u[0], var_name, u[1]);
+}
+void print_64_bits_u64_arr(const char *var_name, const uint64_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: " UINT64_ESCAPE "\n", var_name, u[0]);
+}
+void print_64_bits_s64_arr(const char *var_name, const int64_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: " INT64_ESCAPE "\n", var_name, u[0]);
+}
+void print_64_bits_f32_arr(const char *var_name, const float *f) {
+  printf("%s0: %.3f, %s1: %.3f\n", var_name, f[0], var_name, f[1]);
+}
+void print_128_bits_u8_arr(const char *var_name, const uint8_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %3u, %s1: %3u, %s2: %3u, %s3: %3u, %s4: %3u, %s5: %3u, "
+         "%s6: %3u, %s7: %3u, %s8: %3u, %s9: %3u, %s10: %3u, %s11: %3u, "
+         "%s12: %3u, %s13: %3u, %s14: %3u, %s15: %3u\n",
+         var_name, u[0], var_name, u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3],
+         var_name, u[4], var_name, u[5], var_name, u[6], var_name, u[7],
+         var_name, u[8], var_name, u[9], var_name, u[10], var_name, u[11],
+         var_name, u[12], var_name, u[13], var_name, u[14], var_name, u[15]);
+}
+void print_128_bits_s8_arr(const char *var_name, const int8_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %3d, %s1: %3d, %s2: %3d, %s3: %3d, %s4: %3d, %s5: %3d, "
+         "%s6: %3d, %s7: %3d, %s8: %3d, %s9: %3d, %s10: %3d, %s11: %3d, "
+         "%s12: %3d, %s13: %3d, %s14: %3d, %s15: %3d\n",
+         var_name, u[0], var_name, u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3],
+         var_name, u[4], var_name, u[5], var_name, u[6], var_name, u[7],
+         var_name, u[8], var_name, u[9], var_name, u[10], var_name, u[11],
+         var_name, u[12], var_name, u[13], var_name, u[14], var_name, u[15]);
+}
+void print_128_bits_u16_arr(const char *var_name, const uint16_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %5u, %s1: %5u, %s2: %5u, %s3: %5u, %s4: %5u, %s5: %5u, %s6: "
+         "%5u, %s7: %5u\n",
+         var_name, u[0], var_name, u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3],
+         var_name, u[4], var_name, u[5], var_name, u[6], var_name, u[7]);
+}
+void print_128_bits_s16_arr(const char *var_name, const int16_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %5d, %s1: %5d, %s2: %5d, %s3: %5d, %s4: %5d, %s5: %5d, %s6: "
+         "%5d, %s7: %5d\n",
+         var_name, u[0], var_name, u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3],
+         var_name, u[4], var_name, u[5], var_name, u[6], var_name, u[7]);
+}
+void print_128_bits_u32_arr(const char *var_name, const uint32_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %10u, %s1: %10u, %s2: %10u, %s3: %10u\n", var_name, u[0],
+         var_name, u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3]);
+}
+void print_128_bits_s32_arr(const char *var_name, const int32_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: %10d, %s1: %10d, %s2: %10d, %s3: %10d\n", var_name, u[0],
+         var_name, u[1], var_name, u[2], var_name, u[3]);
+}
+void print_128_bits_u64_arr(const char *var_name, const uint64_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: " UINT64_ESCAPE ", %s1: " UINT64_ESCAPE "\n", var_name, u[0],
+         var_name, u[1]);
+}
+void print_128_bits_s64_arr(const char *var_name, const int64_t *u) {
+  printf("%s0: " INT64_ESCAPE ", %s1: " INT64_ESCAPE "\n", var_name, u[0],
+         var_name, u[1]);
+}
+void print_128_bits_f32_arr(const char *var_name, const float *f) {
+  printf("%s0: %.3f, %s1: %.3f, %s2: %.3f, %s3: %.3f\n", var_name, f[0],
+         var_name, f[1], var_name, f[2], var_name, f[3]);
+}
+
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, uint8_t u0, uint8_t u1, uint8_t u2,
+                 uint8_t u3, uint8_t u4, uint8_t u5, uint8_t u6, uint8_t u7) {
+  uint8_t a[] = {u0, u1, u2, u3, u4, u5, u6, u7};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, int8_t i0, int8_t i1, int8_t i2,
+                 int8_t i3, int8_t i4, int8_t i5, int8_t i6, int8_t i7) {
+  int8_t a[] = {i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6, i7};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, uint16_t u0, uint16_t u1, uint16_t u2,
+                 uint16_t u3) {
+  uint16_t a[] = {u0, u1, u2, u3};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, int16_t i0, int16_t i1, int16_t i2,
+                 int16_t i3) {
+  int16_t a[] = {i0, i1, i2, i3};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, uint32_t u0, uint32_t u1) {
+  uint32_t a[] = {u0, u1};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, int32_t i0, int32_t i1) {
+  int32_t a[] = {i0, i1};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, uint64_t u0) {
+  uint64_t a[] = {u0};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, int64_t i0) {
+  int64_t a[] = {i0};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, uint8_t u0, uint8_t u1, uint8_t u2,
+                  uint8_t u3, uint8_t u4, uint8_t u5, uint8_t u6, uint8_t u7,
+                  uint8_t u8, uint8_t u9, uint8_t u10, uint8_t u11, uint8_t u12,
+                  uint8_t u13, uint8_t u14, uint8_t u15) {
+  uint8_t a[] = {u0, u1, u2,  u3,  u4,  u5,  u6,  u7,
+                 u8, u9, u10, u11, u12, u13, u14, u15};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, int8_t i0, int8_t i1, int8_t i2,
+                  int8_t i3, int8_t i4, int8_t i5, int8_t i6, int8_t i7,
+                  int8_t i8, int8_t i9, int8_t i10, int8_t i11, int8_t i12,
+                  int8_t i13, int8_t i14, int8_t i15) {
+  int8_t a[] = {i0, i1, i2,  i3,  i4,  i5,  i6,  i7,
+                i8, i9, i10, i11, i12, i13, i14, i15};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, uint16_t u0, uint16_t u1, uint16_t u2,
+                  uint16_t u3, uint16_t u4, uint16_t u5, uint16_t u6,
+                  uint16_t u7) {
+  uint16_t a[] = {u0, u1, u2, u3, u4, u5, u6, u7};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, int16_t i0, int16_t i1, int16_t i2,
+                  int16_t i3, int16_t i4, int16_t i5, int16_t i6, int16_t i7) {
+  int16_t a[] = {i0, i1, i2, i3, i4, i5, i6, i7};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, uint32_t u0, uint32_t u1, uint32_t u2,
+                  uint32_t u3) {
+  uint32_t a[] = {u0, u1, u2, u3};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, int32_t i0, int32_t i1, int32_t i2,
+                  int32_t i3) {
+  int32_t a[] = {i0, i1, i2, i3};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, uint64_t u0, uint64_t u1) {
+  uint64_t a[] = {u0, u1};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, int64_t i0, int64_t i1) {
+  int64_t a[] = {i0, i1};
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+
+} // namespace SSE2RVV
diff --git a/tests/debug_tools.h b/tests/debug_tools.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f8a639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/debug_tools.h
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#ifndef SSE2RVV_DEBUG_TOOLS_H
+#define SSE2RVV_DEBUG_TOOLS_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#if defined(__riscv) || defined(__riscv__)
+#include "sse2rvv.h"
+#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#include <smmintrin.h>
+#include <tmmintrin.h>
+#include <wmmintrin.h>
+#include <x86intrin.h>
+#include <xmmintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace SSE2RVV {
+
+void print_64_bits_u8_arr(const char *var_name, const uint8_t *u);
+void print_64_bits_s8_arr(const char *var_name, const int8_t *u);
+void print_64_bits_u16_arr(const char *var_name, const uint16_t *u);
+void print_64_bits_s16_arr(const char *var_name, const int16_t *u);
+void print_64_bits_u32_arr(const char *var_name, const uint32_t *u);
+void print_64_bits_s32_arr(const char *var_name, const int32_t *u);
+void print_64_bits_u64_arr(const char *var_name, const uint64_t *u);
+void print_64_bits_s64_arr(const char *var_name, const int64_t *u);
+void print_64_bits_f32_arr(const char *var_name, const float *f);
+void print_128_bits_u8_arr(const char *var_name, const uint8_t *u);
+void print_128_bits_s8_arr(const char *var_name, const int8_t *u);
+void print_128_bits_u16_arr(const char *var_name, const uint16_t *u);
+void print_128_bits_s16_arr(const char *var_name, const int16_t *u);
+void print_128_bits_u32_arr(const char *var_name, const uint32_t *u);
+void print_128_bits_s32_arr(const char *var_name, const int32_t *u);
+void print_128_bits_u64_arr(const char *var_name, const uint64_t *u);
+void print_128_bits_s64_arr(const char *var_name, const int64_t *u);
+void print_128_bits_f32_arr(const char *var_name, const float *f);
+
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, uint8_t u0, uint8_t u1, uint8_t u2,
+                 uint8_t u3, uint8_t u4, uint8_t u5, uint8_t u6, uint8_t u7);
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, int8_t i0, int8_t i1, int8_t i2,
+                 int8_t i3, int8_t i4, int8_t i5, int8_t i6, int8_t i7);
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, uint16_t u0, uint16_t u1, uint16_t u2,
+                 uint16_t u3);
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, int16_t i0, int16_t i1, int16_t i2,
+                 int16_t i3);
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, uint32_t u0, uint32_t u1);
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, int32_t i0, int32_t i1);
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, uint64_t u0);
+void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, int64_t i0);
+
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, uint8_t u0, uint8_t u1, uint8_t u2,
+                  uint8_t u3, uint8_t u4, uint8_t u5, uint8_t u6, uint8_t u7,
+                  uint8_t u8, uint8_t u9, uint8_t u10, uint8_t u11, uint8_t u12,
+                  uint8_t u13, uint8_t u14, uint8_t u15);
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, int8_t i0, int8_t i1, int8_t i2,
+                  int8_t i3, int8_t i4, int8_t i5, int8_t i6, int8_t i7,
+                  int8_t i8, int8_t i9, int8_t i10, int8_t i11, int8_t i12,
+                  int8_t i13, int8_t i14, int8_t i15);
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, uint16_t u0, uint16_t u1, uint16_t u2,
+                  uint16_t u3, uint16_t u4, uint16_t u5, uint16_t u6,
+                  uint16_t u7);
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, int16_t i0, int16_t i1, int16_t i2,
+                  int16_t i3, int16_t i4, int16_t i5, int16_t i6, int16_t i7);
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, uint32_t u0, uint32_t u1, uint32_t u2,
+                  uint32_t u3);
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, int32_t i0, int32_t i1, int32_t i2,
+                  int32_t i3);
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, uint64_t u0, uint64_t u1);
+void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, int64_t i0, int64_t i1);
+
+template <typename T> void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u8_64(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)a;
+  print_64_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s8_64(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const int8_t *s = (const int8_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_s8_arr(var_name, s);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s8_64(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const int8_t *s = (const int8_t *)a;
+  print_64_bits_s8_arr(var_name, s);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u16_64(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const uint16_t *u = (const uint16_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u16_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u16_64(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const uint16_t *u = (const uint16_t *)a;
+  print_64_bits_u16_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s16_64(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const int16_t *s = (const int16_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_s16_arr(var_name, s);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s16_64(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const int16_t *s = (const int16_t *)a;
+  print_64_bits_s16_arr(var_name, s);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u32_64(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const uint32_t *u = (const uint32_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u32_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u32_64(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const uint32_t *u = (const uint32_t *)a;
+  print_64_bits_u32_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s32_64(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const int32_t *s = (const int32_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_s32_arr(var_name, s);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s32_64(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const int32_t *s = (const int32_t *)a;
+  print_64_bits_s32_arr(var_name, s);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u64_64(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const uint64_t *u = (const uint64_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_u64_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u64_64(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const uint64_t *u = (const uint64_t *)a;
+  print_64_bits_u64_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s64_64(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const int64_t *s = (const int64_t *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_s64_arr(var_name, s);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s64_64(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const int64_t *s = (const int64_t *)a;
+  print_64_bits_s64_arr(var_name, s);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_f32_64(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const float *f = (const float *)&a;
+  print_64_bits_f32_arr(var_name, f);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_f32_64(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const float *f = (const float *)a;
+  print_64_bits_f32_arr(var_name, f);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u8_128(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const uint8_t *u = (const uint8_t *)a;
+  print_128_bits_u8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s8_128(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const int8_t *u = (const int8_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_s8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s8_128(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const int8_t *u = (const int8_t *)a;
+  print_128_bits_s8_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u16_128(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const uint16_t *u = (const uint16_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u16_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u16_128(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const uint16_t *u = (const uint16_t *)a;
+  print_128_bits_u16_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s16_128(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const int16_t *u = (const int16_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_s16_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s16_128(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const int16_t *u = (const int16_t *)a;
+  print_128_bits_s16_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u32_128(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const uint32_t *u = (const uint32_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u32_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u32_128(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const uint32_t *u = (const uint32_t *)a;
+  print_128_bits_u32_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s32_128(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const int32_t *u = (const int32_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_s32_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s32_128(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const int32_t *u = (const int32_t *)a;
+  print_128_bits_s32_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u64_128(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const uint64_t *u = (const uint64_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_u64_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_u64_128(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const uint64_t *u = (const uint64_t *)a;
+  print_128_bits_u64_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s64_128(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const int64_t *u = (const int64_t *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_s64_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_s64_128(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const int64_t *u = (const int64_t *)a;
+  print_128_bits_s64_arr(var_name, u);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_f32_128(const char *var_name, T a) {
+  const float *f = (const float *)&a;
+  print_128_bits_f32_arr(var_name, f);
+}
+template <typename T> void print_f32_128(const char *var_name, T *a) {
+  const float *f = (const float *)a;
+  print_128_bits_f32_arr(var_name, f);
+}
+
+} // namespace SSE2RVV
+
+#endif // SSE2RVV_DEBUG_TOOLS_H
diff --git a/tests/impl.h b/tests/impl.h
index bdf4931..422ad9b 100644
--- a/tests/impl.h
+++ b/tests/impl.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define SSE2RVV_TEST_H
 
 #include "common.h"
+#include "debug_tools.h"
 
 #define INTRIN_LIST                                                            \
   /* MMX */                                                                    \