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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/nativeamerican/_next/static/css/0689f781d659d242.css" crossorigin="" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/nativeamerican/_next/static/css/17f85f535a35e293.css" crossorigin="" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="preload" as="script" fetchPriority="low" href="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/webpack-9d243a9f6c671301.js" crossorigin=""/><script src="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-8694cfbdb5e70934.js" async="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/938-2a7bdd0e2d7b58f5.js" async="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/main-app-c7d48d15ab368534.js" async="" crossorigin=""></script><script src="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/890-fb00c95ef7a32b62.js" async=""></script><script src="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/368-55e3840cad0429fb.js" async=""></script><script src="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/app/page-d0f37b5e0687a501.js" async=""></script><script src="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/app/layout-08ededf517c34bcc.js" async=""></script><title>The stamp act of 1765</title><meta name="description" content="A website about the stamp act."/><link rel="icon" href="/nativeamerican/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" sizes="167x192"/><script src="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js" crossorigin="" noModule=""></script></head><body class="text-gray-800"><button class="select-none w-10 h-8 fixed uppercase top-4 left-4 border-2 border-gray-500 rounded bg-gray-100 hover:border-blue-500 hover:border-[3px]">en</button><button class="block fixed top-4 right-4 text-white bg-blue-700 hover:bg-blue-800 font-medium rounded-lg text-sm px-5 py-2.5 text-center" type="button">Timeline</button><div class="__className_051475 hidden"><div class="flex overflow-y-auto overflow-x-hidden fixed top-0 right-0 left-0 z-50 justify-center items-center w-full md:inset-0 h-full bg-black bg-opacity-35"><div class="relative p-4 w-full max-w-4xl"><div class="relative bg-white rounded-lg shadow"><div class="flex items-center justify-between p-4 border-b rounded-t"><h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-900">Timeline</h3><button type="button" class="text-gray-400 bg-transparent hover:bg-gray-200 hover:text-gray-900 rounded-lg text-sm w-8 h-8 ms-auto inline-flex justify-center items-center"><svg class="w-3 h-3" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="m1 1 6 6m0 0 6 6M7 7l6-6M7 7l-6 6"></path></svg></button></div><div class="p-4 pt-8 space-y-4 overflow-y-scroll max-h-[32rem] mx-6 no-scrollbar"><ol class="relative border-s border-gray-300"><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">1694</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">The English started paying a Stamp Act tax.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">1754 - 1763</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">French Indian War affected England financially.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">1755</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">Massachusetts experimented with Stamp Act.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">1760</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">King George III became King of England. He though Parliament had unfairly limited powers of the king. He and his advisers took more control over governing the country and its colonies.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">1763</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">The British defeated the French and took control of territory in Eastern Canada and west of the 13 colonies.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">1763</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">The Royal Proclamation of 1763 prohibited settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains and to maintain control it required British troops which increased the financial demand on the crown.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">1764</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">England's debt was 130 million pounds, equivalent to billions of dollars today. People in England were already heavily taxed. Prime Minister George Grenville proposed raising revenue by making colonial residents pay tax. The tax would be in the form of a stamp tax on all documents and legal paper.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">February 1765</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">Parliament enacted the Stamp Act to raise funds to maintain troops in its colonies. It passed by a vote of 204 to 49. It was to take effect on November 1, 1765.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">April 1765</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">Word of the Stamp Act reached the colonies. Resistance began and continued for nearly a year in major cities.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">September 1765</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">King George fired Prime Minister George Grenville and appointed Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham as new Prime Minister.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">August 1765</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">Stamp Act crisis reached its height when the Sons of Liberty in Boston hung and burned an effigy of Andrew Oliver, the colony's stamp distributor, destroyed Stamp Act headquarters and attacked the houses of customs officials and of Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">October 1765</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">Stamp Act Congress met in New York and nearly all participants agree that the Stamp Act was unconstitutional. The Stamp Act crisis continued as they passed a "Declaration of Rights and Grievances," which claimed that American colonists were equal to all other British citizens and protested taxation without representation.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">October 1765</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">Merchants agree to boycott English goods. Violence and intimidation made every stamp master to resign except in Georgia.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">November 1, 1765</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">Date the Stamp Act was to take effect but with no one to distribute the stamps, the act could not take effect.</p></li><li class="mb-8 ms-4"><div class="absolute w-3 h-3 bg-gray-400 rounded-full mt-1.5 -start-1.5 border-2 border-white"></div><time class="mb-1 text-sm font-normal leading-none text-gray-400">March 1766</time><p class="text-base font-normal text-gray-500">Parliament nullified the act under Prime Minister Marquis of Rockingham. Three pieces of legislation made the repeal of the Stamp Act possible putting an end to the crisis. The Declaratory Act, an economic legislation and the Revenue Act which reduced the duty on molasses.</p></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div><main class="flex flex-col justify-center items-center py-20"><div class="__className_49ff9c"><h1 class="uppercase text-5xl font-bold">The stamp act of 1765</h1></div><hr class="h-[2px] w-60 my-12 border-0 bg-gray-400 rounded"/><div class="__className_051475"><div class="prose prose-gray"><h2>What was the Stamp Act?</h2><p>The Stamp Act was a tax imposed by the British government on the American colonies. British taxpayers already paid a stamp tax and Massachusetts briefly experimented with a similar law, but the Stamp Act imposed on colonial residents went further than the existing ones. The primary goal was to raise money needed for military defenses of the colonies.</p><p>This legislative act was initiated by the British prime minister George Grenville and adopted by the British Parliament. The decision was taken on March 1765 but did not take effect until November 1st of the same year.</p><div class="float-left mr-3 text-center text-wrap max-w-[300px] leading-tight"><img loading="lazy" width="300" height="160" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="rounded" style="color:transparent" src="/nativeamerican/pamphlet.png"/><text class="italic text-sm">Pamphlet made by an opposition group</text></div><p>The Act imposed a tax that required colonial residents to purchase a stamp to be affixed to several documents. In addition to taxing legal documents such as bills of sale, wills, contracts, and paper printed for official documents, it required the American population to purchase stamps for newspapers, pamphlets, posters and even playing cards. The tax was payable in scarce silver and gold coins and not in paper money which was the most common method of payment in the colonies.</p><p>The British were not able to enforce the act as resistance by colonists was fierce. Congress approved thirteen resolutions in the Declaration of rights and grievances, including” no taxation without representation”, among others.</p><p>The repeal of the Stamp Act took effect on March 18th, 1766, in part because of economic concerns expressed by British merchants. To reassert their right to tax the colonies, the British Parliament issued the Declaratory Act as a reaction to the failure of the Stamp Act as they did not want to give up on the principle of imperial taxation.</p><p>The Stamp Act was a political and economic failure for the British. Politically they were facing the beginning of an organized effort to get rid of their British. Economically, the revenue collected was a mere £3,292, of which £45 came from Georgia and the rest from the West Indies, Canada, and Florida.</p><h2>The Stamp Act Crisis</h2><p>One of the most ardent opponents to the Stamp Act was Samuel Adams who had gained an important political ally in James Otis, a young prominent and influential lawyer of Massachusetts. The protest on the streets of Boston started as soon as they heard word of the new tax. Samuel Adams along with opposition groups from the North End and South End of Boston took their discontent to the streets organizing riots and intimidating attacks against tax collectors. These two groups were made up of tradesmen, skilled and unskilled workers, lawyers, printers, and others who put aside their differences, together they became known as the Sons of Liberty.</p><p>On August 14 the Sons of Liberty hung an effigy of Andrew Oliver, the colony's stamp distributor, from a tree on Boston Common, and subsequently paraded it through the streets of Boston. Once near Oliver's house the group lit up a bone fire where they burned the effigy, the crowd then proceeded to break Oliver's windows and throw stones at officials.</p><div class="float-right ml-3 text-center text-wrap max-w-[300px] leading-tight"><img loading="lazy" width="300" height="150" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="rounded" style="color:transparent" src="/nativeamerican/crisis.jpg"/><text class="italic text-sm">Demonstrators hung an effigy of Andrew Oliver, the colony's stamp distributor</text></div><p>Another violent attack was the destruction of the building that was going to become the stamp headquarters. The crowd also attacked the houses of several customs officials and the house of Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson, Andrew Oliver's brother-in-law. The Stamp Act crisis for the first time drew ordinary people into transatlantic politics, even new non-English speaking immigrants who were double taxed on foreign language newspapers were involved in the protests.</p><p>From Halifax in the north to Antigua in the south anti-Stamp Act demonstrations took place in cities and towns. Everywhere in the colonies except in Georgia the Stamp masters were forced to resign and by November 1, 1765, the date the Stamp Act would take effect, not a single stamp distributor in the colonies was found on duty.</p></div></div><div class="py-8"><label class="relative inline-flex items-center cursor-pointer mb-4"><input type="checkbox" class="sr-only peer" value=""/><div class="flex justify-strech w-80 h-7 py-[1px] bg-red-500 rounded peer peer-checked:after:translate-x-full after:content-[''] after:absolute after:top-[2px] after:start-[2px] after:bg-white after:border-gray-200 after:border after:rounded after:h-6 after:w-[9.85rem] after:transition-all peer-checked:bg-blue-500"><span class="z-10 flex-1 text-center select-none">Colonist Perspective</span><span class="z-10 flex-1 text-center select-none">British Perspective</span></div></label></div><div class="__className_051475"><div class="prose prose-gray"><h2>Arguments</h2><p>Up until the attempt to collect the Stamp duty colonists had accepted minor duties on trade such as the Navigation Acts, Molasses Act and even the Sugar Act. The Molasses Act cost more to administer than it collected in revenue. Those measures were not considered as “tax” by the colonial assemblies but as trade regulations that compensated for protection, access to foreign products and a foreign market for American goods.</p><p>Colonists were careful to draw distinction between internal and external taxes. Internal taxes were those imposed by the provincial government, members of which were elected by residents, therefore had the power given by the people to tax them. External taxes were enacted to regulate trade of the empire.</p><p>The American arguments for opposing the British imposed Stamp duties are the following:</p><ul class="marker:text-gray-500"><li>The most popular view was that the Stamp Act was an internal tax levied without the consent of the colonists. Virtual representation in a faraway parliament did not guarantee the protection of colonial residents in the North American continent, therefore they lacked representation. New England was the most vocal opponent. “No taxation without representation” was in their charter of rights that had existed since 1620.</li><li>The British had budgeted a collection of annual American revenue of twice as much as the provincial taxes raised by the provincial governments of the thirteen colonies. Colonial residents feared that it was the beginning on a series of legislation and of a heavy taxation policy that would destroy their hard-earned prosperity.</li><li>Colonial assemblies feared a loss of authority from the British appointed officials and the establishment of an autocratic government. Salaries of officials such as governors, judges, military officers, councilors, tax collectors among others depended on colonial governments. If a tax was raised by Britain to pay for their salaries, then provincial assemblies would lose any power over them.</li><li>Provincial governments were strong and independent institutions in the colonies, it took more than a century and much effort to get to such degree of autonomy.</li><li>Leading political figures did not want to accept a diminished status.</li><li>Established merchants wanted freedom to trade and any additional tax would likely decrease consumption.</li></ul></div></div></main><script src="/nativeamerican/_next/static/chunks/webpack-9d243a9f6c671301.js" crossorigin="" async=""></script><script>(self.__next_f=self.__next_f||[]).push([0]);self.__next_f.push([2,null])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1:HL[\"/nativeamerican/_next/static/css/0689f781d659d242.css\",\"style\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"\"}]\n0:\"$L2\"\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3:HL[\"/nativeamerican/_next/static/css/17f85f535a35e293.css\",\"style\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"\"}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4:I[7690,[],\"\"]\n6:I[7831,[],\"\"]\n7:I[9154,[\"890\",\"static/chunks/890-fb00c95ef7a32b62.js\",\"368\",\"static/chunks/368-55e3840cad0429fb.js\",\"931\",\"static/chunks/app/page-d0f37b5e0687a501.js\"],\"\"]\n8:I[3890,[\"890\",\"static/chunks/890-fb00c95ef7a32b62.js\",\"185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-08ededf517c34bcc.js\"],\"Provider\"]\n9:I[5613,[],\"\"]\na:I[1778,[],\"\"]\nc:I[8955,[],\"\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2:[[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/nativeamerican/_next/static/css/0689f781d659d242.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"\"}]],[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{\"buildId\":\"pAgLh32H3v6E4ggUxrTAp\",\"assetPrefix\":\"/nativeamerican\",\"initialCanonicalUrl\":\"/\",\"initialTree\":[\"\",{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{}]},\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",true],\"initialSeedData\":[\"\",{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{},[\"$L5\",[\"$\",\"$L6\",null,{\"propsForComponent\":{\"params\":{}},\"Component\":\"$7\",\"isStaticGeneration\":true}],null]]},[null,[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"className\":\"text-gray-800\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L8\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\"],\"loading\":\"$undefined\",\"loadingStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"loadingScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"hasLoading\":false,\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$La\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":[[\"$\",\"title\",null,{\"children\":\"404: This page could not be found.\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"style\":{\"fontFamily\":\"system-ui,\\\"Segoe UI\\\",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,\\\"Apple Color Emoji\\\",\\\"Segoe UI Emoji\\\"\",\"height\":\"100vh\",\"textAlign\":\"center\",\"display\":\"flex\",\"flexDirection\":\"column\",\"alignItems\":\"center\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"style\",null,{\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"body{color:#000;background:#fff;margin:0}.next-error-h1{border-right:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.3)}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{color:#fff;background:#000}.next-error-h1{border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3)}}\"}}],[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"next-error-h1\",\"style\":{\"display\":\"inline-block\",\"margin\":\"0 20px 0 0\",\"padding\":\"0 23px 0 0\",\"fontSize\":24,\"fontWeight\":500,\"verticalAlign\":\"top\",\"lineHeight\":\"49px\"},\"children\":\"404\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"style\":{\"display\":\"inline-block\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"h2\",null,{\"style\":{\"fontSize\":14,\"fontWeight\":400,\"lineHeight\":\"49px\",\"margin\":0},\"children\":\"This page could not be found.\"}]}]]}]}]],\"notFoundStyles\":[],\"styles\":[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/nativeamerican/_next/static/css/17f85f535a35e293.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"\"}]]}]}]}]}],null]],\"initialHead\":[false,\"$Lb\"],\"globalErrorComponent\":\"$c\"}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b:[[\"$\",\"meta\",\"0\",{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"title\",\"2\",{\"children\":\"The stamp act of 1765\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"3\",{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"A website about the stamp act.\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"4\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/nativeamerican/favicon.ico\",\"type\":\"image/x-icon\",\"sizes\":\"167x192\"}]]\n5:null\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,""])</script></body></html>