diff --git a/stdlib/distutils/ccompiler.pyi b/stdlib/distutils/ccompiler.pyi
index e0f33f430e5a..56617d8a7b8d 100644
--- a/stdlib/distutils/ccompiler.pyi
+++ b/stdlib/distutils/ccompiler.pyi
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from _typeshed import BytesPath, StrPath, Unused
-from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Sequence
 from distutils.file_util import _BytesPathT, _StrPathT
 from typing import Literal, overload
 from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypeVarTuple, Unpack
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class CCompiler:
     def set_executables(self, **args: str) -> None: ...
     def compile(
         self,
-        sources: list[str],
+        sources: Sequence[StrPath],
         output_dir: str | None = None,
         macros: list[_Macro] | None = None,
         include_dirs: list[str] | None = None,
diff --git a/stubs/setuptools/@tests/test_cases/check_distutils.py b/stubs/setuptools/@tests/test_cases/check_distutils.py
index 78777f5888a2..cbd3e645c545 100644
--- a/stubs/setuptools/@tests/test_cases/check_distutils.py
+++ b/stubs/setuptools/@tests/test_cases/check_distutils.py
@@ -1,3 +1,31 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import distutils.command.sdist
+from _typeshed import StrPath
+from os import PathLike
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from setuptools._distutils.ccompiler import CCompiler
 
 c = distutils.command.sdist.sdist
+
+# Test CCompiler().compile with varied sources
+
+compiler = CCompiler()
+
+str_list: list[str] = ["file1.c", "file2.c"]
+compiler.compile(sources=str_list)
+
+path_list: list[Path] = [Path("file1.c"), Path("file2.c")]
+compiler.compile(sources=path_list)
+
+pathlike_list: list[PathLike[str]] = [Path("file1.c"), Path("file2.c")]
+compiler.compile(sources=pathlike_list)
+
+strpath_list: list[StrPath] = [Path("file1.c"), "file2.c"]
+compiler.compile(sources=strpath_list)
+
+# Direct literals should also work
+compiler.compile(sources=["file1.c", "file2.c"])
+compiler.compile(sources=[Path("file1.c"), Path("file2.c")])
+compiler.compile(sources=[Path("file1.c"), "file2.c"])
diff --git a/stubs/setuptools/@tests/test_cases/check_extension.py b/stubs/setuptools/@tests/test_cases/check_extension.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c798d4eb98ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/setuptools/@tests/test_cases/check_extension.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from os import PathLike
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from setuptools import Extension
+
+# Dummy extensions
+ext1 = Extension(name="test1", sources=["file1.c", "file2.c"])  # plain list[str] works
+
+path_sources: list[Path] = [Path("file1.c"), Path("file2.c")]
+ext2 = Extension(name="test2", sources=path_sources)  # list of Path(s)
+
+mixed_sources: list[str | PathLike[str]] = [Path("file1.c"), "file2.c"]  # or list[StrPath]
+ext3 = Extension(name="test3", sources=mixed_sources)  # mixed types
diff --git a/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/ccompiler.pyi b/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/ccompiler.pyi
index 2f6521aafe06..b0de290333e7 100644
--- a/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/ccompiler.pyi
+++ b/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/ccompiler.pyi
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from _typeshed import BytesPath, StrPath, Unused
-from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Sequence
 from typing import ClassVar, Literal, TypeVar, overload
 from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypeVarTuple, Unpack
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class CCompiler:
     def set_executables(self, **args: str) -> None: ...
     def compile(
         self,
-        sources: list[str],
+        sources: Sequence[StrPath],
         output_dir: str | None = None,
         macros: list[_Macro] | None = None,
         include_dirs: list[str] | None = None,
diff --git a/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/extension.pyi b/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/extension.pyi
index 789bbf6ec3d1..970c70a64437 100644
--- a/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/extension.pyi
+++ b/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/extension.pyi
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+from _typeshed import StrPath
+from os import PathLike
+from pathlib import Path
+
 class Extension:
     name: str
-    sources: list[str]
+    sources: list[str] | list[StrPath]
     include_dirs: list[str]
     define_macros: list[tuple[str, str | None]]
     undef_macros: list[str]
@@ -18,7 +22,7 @@ class Extension:
     def __init__(
         self,
         name: str,
-        sources: list[str],
+        sources: list[str] | list[PathLike[str]] | list[Path] | list[StrPath],
         include_dirs: list[str] | None = None,
         define_macros: list[tuple[str, str | None]] | None = None,
         undef_macros: list[str] | None = None,
diff --git a/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/extension.pyi b/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/extension.pyi
index ff352d3dc6c6..300a51b6a7b0 100644
--- a/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/extension.pyi
+++ b/stubs/setuptools/setuptools/extension.pyi
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 from _typeshed import StrPath
+from os import PathLike
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from ._distutils.extension import Extension as _Extension
 
@@ -9,7 +11,7 @@ class Extension(_Extension):
     def __init__(
         self,
         name: str,
-        sources: list[StrPath],
+        sources: list[str] | list[PathLike[str]] | list[Path] | list[StrPath],
         include_dirs: list[str] | None = None,
         define_macros: list[tuple[str, str | None]] | None = None,
         undef_macros: list[str] | None = None,