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vim_cheatsheet.md

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Vim Cheatsheet

Motions

An optional count that can be given before most of motions.

Moving

  • j, k, l, h - General move.
  • w, b, e, W, B, E, ge, gE - Go forward and backward by word.
  • $, ^, 0 - Go to beginning and end of lines.
  • gg, G - Go to beginning and end of file.
  • {count}G - Go to specific lines.
  • (, ), }, { - Go forward/backward by sentence/paragraph.
  • % - Jump to matching ({[]}).

Text Objects

  • iw, aw - Word.
  • iW, aW - WORD.
  • is, as - Sentence.
  • ip, ap - Paragraph.
  • it, at - Tag block.
  • i), a), i], a], i}, a}, i>, a> i", a", i', a' - Pair text block.
  • i{text-object} - Apply operator inside text-object.
  • a{text-object} - Apply operator to all text-object including trailing whitespace.

Finding

  • f{character}, F{character}, t{character}, T{character} - Find next and previous occurrence of character.
  • ; , , - Go to next and previous occurrence of {character}.
  • /{pattern}, ?{pattern} - Search forward and backward for {pattern}. {pattern} is a regex.
  • /, ? - Repeat last search forward and backward.
  • n, N - Go to next and previous match.
  • *, # - Search forward and backward for word under cursor.
  • gn, gN - Search forward and backward for the last used search pattern.

Marks

  • ‘{a-z} - Move the cursor to the start of the line where the mark was set.
  • ‘’ - Go back to the previous jump location.
  • ‘. - Go to the position where the last change was made.
  • m{a-z} - Set mark {a-z} at cursor position.
  • m{A-Z} - Sets a global mark and will work between files.
  • :marks - List of marks.

Commands

An optional count that can be given before most of commands.

Normal Commands

  • [count]{operator}[count]{motion}
  • y, c, d - Yank and cut.
  • <, >, = - Indent text.
  • ~, g~, gu, gU - Switch case.
  • =, ! - Filter through an external program. e.g.: !ipsort -u
  • gq, gw - Format text

Visual Commands

  • {Visual}[count]{motion}{operator}
  • v, V, <Ctrl-v> - Start Visual mode: Characterwise, Linewise, Blockwise.
  • r{char} - Replace every character in selection with {char}
  • c - Substitute (inserted text replicated on each line for blockwise)
  • J / gJ - Join / join (remove whitespace)
  • p - Put (replace selection with contents of register)
  • I - Insert (prepend, only on blockwise selection)
  • A - Insert (append, only on blockwise selection)
  • ~, u, U - most of normal commands
  • gv - Start visual mode with the previous selection.
  • gV - Select last inserted text.
  • O - Move to other corner of block.
  • o - Move to other end of marked area.

Aliases

  • dd = d_ - Delete line.
  • cc = c_ - Change line.
  • yy = y_ - Yank line.
  • C = c$ - Change until the end of the line.
  • D = d$ - Delete until the end of the line.
  • Y = y$ - Yank until the end the line.
  • A = $a - Append text to end of the line.
  • >> = >_ = >l - Indent line.
  • << = <_ = >l - Unindent line.
  • g~~, guu, gUU - Switch case of the line.

Registers and Macros

  • "{a-zA-Z} - Use register for text deleted with: d{motion}, D, dd, c{motion}, C, cc or copied with: y{motion}, Y, yy.
  • <Visual>"{a-zA-Z} - Use register in Visual mode for text deleted with: d, D,c, C and copied with y, Y.
  • "{a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} - Use register for put text: p, P.
  • ": - The last commnad.
  • "" - Unnamed register: text deleted with the d, c, commands or copied with the yank y command.
  • "." - The last inserted text.
  • "% - The name of the current file.
  • "{0-9} - The last yank.
  • q{a-z} - Start a macro recording, and q to stop.
  • @{a-z} - Replay the macro.
  • :@{a-z} - Execute the contents of register {a-z} as an Ex command.
  • :reg - List of registers

Input Commands

  • i, I, a, A, o, O - Start insert mode.

Replace Commands

  • r, R - Replace a single character with the specified char.

Substitute

  • :[range]s/{pattern}/{substitute}/[flags] - Substitute matched pattern for string literal in given range.
  • g flag - Substitute all matches in a line.
  • i flag - Case insensitive search.
  • c flag - Confirm substitution for each match.
  • :{start},{end} - Start and end lines of range e.g. :1,2d.
  • :{start},{offset} - Start and offset lines of range e.g. :1,+2d.
  • . - Current line e.g. :.,+2d.
  • % - Whole file e.g. :%d.
  • 0 - Beginning of file e.g. :0,10d.
  • 1 - First line of the file e.g. :10,$d.
  • $ - End of file e.g. :10,$d.
  • '{a-z}' - Line containing mark {a-z}
  • :'<,'> - Visual selection.

Ex Commands

  • :[range]sort - Sort
  • :[range]uniq - Uniq
  • :[range]delete [x] - Delete specified lines [into register x]
  • :[range]yank [x] - Yank specified lines [into register x]
  • :[line]put [x] - Put the text from register x after the specified line
  • :[range]copy {address} - Copy the specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
  • :[range]move {address} - Move the specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
  • :[range]join - Join the specified lines
  • :[range]normal {commands} - Execute Normal mode {commands} on each specified line

Shell commands

  • :!ls, :r !ls - Execute shell commands.

Adding and Subtracting

  • <Ctrl-a>, <Ctrl-x>, {Visual} <Ctrl-a>, {Visual} <Ctrl-x>, {Visual}g <Ctrl-a>, {Visual}g <Ctrl-x> - increment/decrement number.

Repeating

  • . - Repeat last edit command.
  • @@ - Repeat the last macro.
  • @: - Repeat the last ex.
  • :[range]g/{pattern}/[cmd] - Execute Ex command on the lines within [range] where {pattern} matches.
  • :[range]g!/{pattern}/[cmd], :[range]v/{pattern}/[cmd] - Execute Ex command on the lines within [range] where {pattern} does not matches.

Undo/Redo

  • u - Undo.
  • <Ctrl-r> - Redo.
  • U = <Ctrl-r> - U for easier redo.

Navigation

Jumping

  • <Ctrl-o>, <Ctrl-i> - Go backwards/forward in the jump list.
  • <Ctrl-^> - Jump to alternate file.
  • g;, g, - Go backward/forwards in the change list.
  • gi - Return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time.
  • gf - Edit the file whose name is under or after the cursor.
  • gd, gD - When the cursor is on a local variable or function, jump to its declaration.
  • K - Lookup the keyword under the cursor.
  • [/, ]/ - Jump to comment start and end.
  • [[, ]] - Jump to previous and next function.
  • [m, ]m, [M, ]M - Jump to previous and next function.
  • {count}% - Go to {count} percentage in the file.
  • {count}| - Go to screen column {count} in the current line.
  • gm - Go to half a screenwidht to the right.
  • gM - Go to halfway the text of line.

Scrolling

  • <Ctrl-d>, <Ctrl-u>, <Ctrl-b>, <Ctrl-f> - Scroll up and down full/half pages.
  • <Ctrl-e>, <Ctrl-y> - Move screen down and up one line.
  • H, M, L - Move to top/middle/bottom of screen.
  • zt, zz, zb - top/center/bottom cursor on screen.

Folding

  • zo / zO - Open
  • zc / zC - Close
  • za / zA - Toggle
  • zv - Open folds for this line
  • zm - Fold more (foldlevel += 1)
  • zM - Close all
  • zr - Reduce fold (foldlevel -= 1)
  • zR - Open all
  • zf, zF, :{range}fo - Create a fold.
  • zx - Update folds
  • zc, zC - Fold under the cursor.
  • zd, zD - Delete one/all fold under the cursor.
  • zE - Eliminate all folds in the window.
  • zn, zN - Open and close fold.

Insert Mode

Operations

  • <Ctrl-h> - Delete last character.
  • <Ctrl-w> - Delete backward one word.
  • <Ctrl-u> - Delete to beginning of line.
  • <Ctrl-o> - Run one command.
  • <Ctrl-o> !! - Run one command in command line.
  • <Ctrl-v>{char} - Insert character literally.

Registers

  • <Ctrl-r>a - Pastes the contents of the a register.
  • <Ctrl-r>" - Pastes the contents of the unnamed register.
  • <Ctrl-r>0 - Pastes the contents of the yank register.
  • <Ctrl-r>= - Evaluates an expression and inserts the result inline.
  • <Ctrl-r>:, <Ctrl-r>/ - Paste expression result, last command, last search pattern.
  • <Ctrl-r>% - insert file name

Suggestions

  • <Ctrl-p> and <Ctrl-n> - Opens a list of suggestions for auto-completion.
  • <Ctrl-x> <Ctrl-f> - Opens a list of "suggestions based on the files/directories" in the current directory.
  • <Ctrl-x> <Ctrl-o> - Opens a list of omnifunc.
  • <Ctrl-x> <Ctrl-n> - Opens a list of keyword.
  • <Ctrl-x> <Ctrl-l> - Opens a list of "suggestions based on the lines" in the current file.
  • <Ctrl-x> <Ctrl-p> - Suggest similar patterns - also repeating the same commands will continuously add the next line.
  • <Ctrl-x> <Ctrl-e>, <Ctrl-x> <Ctrl-y> - scroll screen.

Files

  • :q, :q!, :w, :wq, :x,ZZ - Saving and exiting.

Buffers

  • :e filename, :enew, :r - Edit a file
  • :ls, :b[num] :bn :bp, :bd - List available buffers and switch current window buffer.

Windows

  • :new, :vnew, :vs, :sp, <Ctrl-w>s, <Ctrl-w>v - Split windows.
  • <Ctrl-w>h, <Ctrl-w>i, <Ctrl-w>j, <Ctrl-w>k, <Ctrl-w>w - Switch windows.
  • <Ctrl-w>+, <Ctrl-w>-, <Ctrl-w>>, <Ctrl-w><, <Ctrl-w>|, <Ctrl-w>= - Resize windows.
  • :q, <Ctrl-w>q - Quit a window.

Tabs

  • :tabnew - Open a file in a new tab.
  • gt, gT, #gt, :tabn, :tabp - Switch tabs.
  • <Ctrl-w>T - Move the current split window into its own tab.
  • :tabo, :tabdo, :tabc, tabmove # - Manage tabs.

Vimdiff

  • [c, ]c - Jump to previous and next diff.
  • do, dp - Diff obtain and put
  • :diffupdate - Re-scan the files for differences

Quickfix

  • :copen, :cclose - Open/close quickfix window.
  • cc #, :cn, :cp, :cfirst, :clast - Display error.

Misc

Pattern

  • ^, $, ., *, [, ] - Magic
  • ^, $ - No Magic
  • \v - Very Magic
  • \V - Very No Magic

Obsolete

  • s = cl - Change character (delete and insert).
  • S = cc - Change the line.
  • x = dl - Delete next character.
  • X = dh - Delete next character.

Help

:h tutor, :h quickref, :h index, :h summary, :h CTRL-H, :h i_CTRL-H, :h i_<Up>, :h pattern.txt, :h eval, :h function-list, :h windows.txt, :h tabpage.txt, :h +timers, :h :!, :h tips, :h set-termcap, :viusage NORMAL, :exusage, :version

Plugins