kilo.c

/*** includes ***/

#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
#define _BSD_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE


#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

/*** defines ***/

#define KILO_TAB_STOP 8
#define KILO_VERSION "0.0.1"
#define KILO_QUIT_TIMES 3
#define CTRL_KEY(k) ((k) & 0x1f)



enum editorKey {
    BACKSPACE = 127,
    ARROW_LEFT = 1000,
    ARROW_RIGHT,
    ARROW_UP,
    ARROW_DOWN,
    DEL_KEY,
    HOME_KEY,
    END_KEY,
    PAGE_UP,
    PAGE_DOWN
};

enum editorHighlight {
    HL_NORMAL = 0,
    HL_MLCOMMENT,
    HL_NUMBER,
    HL_MATCH,
    HL_STRING,
    HL_COMMENT,
    HL_KEYWORD1,
    HL_KEYWORD2
};

#define HL_HIGHLIGHT_NUMBERS (1<<0)
#define HL_HIGHLIGHT_STRINGS (1<<1)

/*** data ***/
struct editorSyntax {
    char *filetype;
    char **filematch;
    char *singleline_comment_start;
    char **keywords;
    char *multiline_comment_start;
    char *multiline_comment_end;
    int flags;
};

typedef struct erow {
    int idx;
    int size;
    int rsize;
    char *chars;
    char *render;
    unsigned char *hl;
    int hl_open_comment;
} erow;

struct editorConfig {
    int cx, cy;
    int rx;
    int rowoff;
    int coloff;
    int screenrows;
    int screencols;
    struct termios orig_termios;
    int numrows;
    erow *row;
    int dirty;
    char *filename;
    char statusmsg[80];
    struct editorSyntax *syntax;
    time_t statusmsg_time;
};

struct editorConfig E;

/*** filetypes ***/
char *C_HL_extensions[] = { ".c", ".h", ".cpp", NULL };
char *C_HL_keywords[] = {
  "switch", "if", "while", "for", "break", "continue", "return", "else",
  "struct", "union", "typedef", "static", "enum", "class", "case",
  "int|", "long|", "double|", "float|", "char|", "unsigned|", "signed|",
  "void|", NULL
};

struct editorSyntax HLDB[] = {
  {
    "c",
    C_HL_extensions,
    C_HL_keywords,
    "//", "/*", "*/",
    HL_HIGHLIGHT_NUMBERS | HL_HIGHLIGHT_STRINGS
  },
};

#define HLDB_ENTRIES (sizeof(HLDB) / sizeof(HLDB[0]))

/*** prototypes ***/

void editorSetStatusMessage(const char *fmt, ...);

void editorRefreshScreen();

char *editorPrompt(char *prompt, void (*callback)(char *, int));

/*** syntax highlighting **/

int editorSyntaxToColor(int hl) {
  switch (hl) {
    case HL_MLCOMMENT:
    case HL_COMMENT: return 36;
    case HL_KEYWORD1: return 33;
    case HL_KEYWORD2: return 32;
    case HL_STRING: return 35;
    case HL_NUMBER: return 31;
    case HL_MATCH: return 34;
    default: return 37;
  }
}

int is_seperator(int c) {
    return isspace(c) || c == '\0' || strchr(",.()+-/*=~5<>[];", c) != NULL;
}

void editorUpdateSyntax(erow *row) {
    row->hl = realloc(row->hl, row->rsize);
    memset(row->hl, HL_NORMAL, row->rsize);

    if (E.syntax == NULL) return;

    char **keywords = E.syntax -> keywords;

    char *scs = E.syntax -> singleline_comment_start;
    char *mcs = E.syntax -> multiline_comment_start;
    char *mce = E.syntax -> multiline_comment_end;

    int scs_len = scs ? strlen(scs) : 0;
    int mcs_len = mcs ? strlen(mcs) : 0;
    int mce_len = mce ? strlen(mce) : 0;

    int prev_sep = 1;
    int in_string = 0;
    int in_comment = (row -> idx > 0 && E.row[row -> idx - 1].hl_open_comment);

    int i = 0;

    while (i < row->rsize) {
        char c = row->render[i];
        unsigned char prev_hl = (i > 0) ? row->hl[i - 1] : HL_NORMAL;
        if(scs_len && !in_string && !in_comment) {
            if(!strncmp(&row -> render[i], scs, scs_len)) {
                memset(&row -> hl[i], HL_COMMENT, row -> rsize - i);
                break;
            }
        }
        if(mcs_len && mce_len && !in_string) {
            if(in_comment) {
                row -> hl[i] = HL_MLCOMMENT;
                if(!strncmp(&row -> render[i], mce, mce_len)) {
                    memset(&row -> hl[i], HL_MLCOMMENT, mce_len);
                    i += mce_len;
                    in_comment = 0;
                    prev_sep = 1;
                    continue;
                } else {
                    i++;
                    continue;
                }
            } else if (!strncmp(&row -> render[i], mcs, mcs_len)) {
                memset(&row -> hl[i], HL_MLCOMMENT, mcs_len);
                i += mcs_len;
                in_comment = 1; 
                continue;
            }
        }
        if (E.syntax->flags & HL_HIGHLIGHT_STRINGS) {
            if (in_string) {
                row->hl[i] = HL_STRING;
                if (c == '\\' && i + 1 < row->rsize) {
                    row->hl[i + 1] = HL_STRING;
                    i += 2;
                    continue;
                }
                if (c == in_string) in_string = 0;
                i++;
                prev_sep = 1;
                continue;
            } else {
            if (c == '"' || c == '\'') {
                in_string = c;
                row->hl[i] = HL_STRING;
                i++;
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
    if (E.syntax->flags & HL_HIGHLIGHT_NUMBERS) {
        if ((isdigit(c) && (prev_sep || prev_hl == HL_NUMBER)) ||
          (c == '.' && prev_hl == HL_NUMBER)) {
            row->hl[i] = HL_NUMBER;
            i++;
            prev_sep = 0;
            continue;
        }
    }
    if(prev_sep) {
        int j;
        for(j = 0; keywords[j]; j++) {
            int klen = strlen(keywords[j]);
            int kw2 = keywords[j][klen - 1] == '|';
            if(kw2) klen--;

            if(!strncmp(&row -> render[i], keywords[j], klen) &&
            is_seperator(row -> render[i + klen])) {
                memset(&row -> hl[i], kw2 ? HL_KEYWORD2 : HL_KEYWORD1, klen);
                i += klen;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(keywords[j] != NULL) {
            prev_sep = 0;
            continue;
        }
    }
    prev_sep = is_seperator(c);
    i++;
    }
    int changed = (row -> hl_open_comment != in_comment);
    row -> hl_open_comment = in_comment;
    if(changed && row -> idx + 1 < E.numrows)
        editorUpdateSyntax(&E.row[row -> idx + 1]);
}
/*** terminal ***/

void die(const char *s) {
    write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
    write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);

    perror(s);
    exit(1);
}

void disableRawMode() {
    if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &E.orig_termios) == -1)
        die("tcsetattr");
}

void enableRawMode() {
    if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &E.orig_termios) == -1) die("tcgetattr");
    atexit(disableRawMode);

    struct termios raw = E.orig_termios;
    raw.c_iflag &= ~(BRKINT | ICRNL | INPCK | ISTRIP | IXON);
    raw.c_oflag &= ~(OPOST);
    raw.c_cflag |= (CS8);
    raw.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ICANON | IEXTEN | ISIG);
    raw.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
    raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 1;

    if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &raw) == -1) die("tcsetattr");
}

int editorReadKey() {
    int nread;
    char c;
    while ((nread = read(STDIN_FILENO, &c, 1)) != 1) {
        if (nread == -1 && errno != EAGAIN) die("read");
    }

    if (c == '\x1b') {
        char seq[3];

        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[0], 1) != 1) return '\x1b';
        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[1], 1) != 1) return '\x1b';

        if (seq[0] == '[') {
            if (seq[1] >= '0' && seq[1] <= '9') {
                if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[2], 1) != 1) return '\x1b';
                if (seq[2] == '~') {
                    switch (seq[1]) {
                        case '1': return HOME_KEY;
                        case '3': return DEL_KEY;
                        case '4': return END_KEY;
                        case '5': return PAGE_UP;
                        case '6': return PAGE_DOWN;
                        case '7': return HOME_KEY;
                        case '8': return END_KEY;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                switch (seq[1]) {
                    case 'A': return ARROW_UP;
                    case 'B': return ARROW_DOWN;
                    case 'C': return ARROW_RIGHT;
                    case 'D': return ARROW_LEFT;
                    case 'H': return HOME_KEY;
                    case 'F': return END_KEY;
                }
            }
        } else if (seq[0] == 'O') {
            switch (seq[1]) {
                case 'H': return HOME_KEY;
                case 'F': return END_KEY;
            }
        }

        return '\x1b';
    } else {
        return c;
    }
}

int getCursorPosition(int *rows, int *cols) {
    char buf[32];
    unsigned int i = 0;

    if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[6n", 4) != 4) return -1;

    while (i < sizeof(buf) - 1) {
        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &buf[i], 1) != 1) break;
        if (buf[i] == 'R') break;
        i++;
    }
    buf[i] = '\0';

    if (buf[0] != '\x1b' || buf[1] != '[') return -1;
    if (sscanf(&buf[2], "%d;%d", rows, cols) != 2) return -1;

    return 0;
}

int getWindowSize(int *rows, int *cols) {
    struct winsize ws;

    if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1 || ws.ws_col == 0) {
        if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[999C\x1b[999B", 12) != 12) return -1;
        return getCursorPosition(rows, cols);
    } else {
        *cols = ws.ws_col;
        *rows = ws.ws_row;
        return 0;
    }
}

/*** row operations ***/

void editorSelectSyntaxHighlight() {
  E.syntax = NULL;
  if (E.filename == NULL) return;

  for (unsigned int j = 0; j < HLDB_ENTRIES; j++) {
    struct editorSyntax *s = &HLDB[j];
    unsigned int i = 0;
    while (s->filematch[i]) {
      char *p = strstr(E.filename, s->filematch[i]);
      if (p != NULL) {
        int patlen = strlen(s->filematch[i]);
        if (s->filematch[i][0] != '.' || p[patlen] == '\0') {
          E.syntax = s;

          int filerow;
          for (filerow = 0; filerow < E.numrows; filerow++) {
            editorUpdateSyntax(&E.row[filerow]);
          }

          return;
        }
      }
      i++;
    }
  }
}

void editorRowAppendString(erow *row, char *s, size_t len) {
    row -> chars = realloc(row -> chars, row -> size + len + 1);
    memcpy(&row -> chars[row-> size], s, len);
    row -> size += len;
    row -> chars[row -> size] = '\0';
    editorUpdateRow(row);
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorFreeRow(erow *row) {
    free(row -> render);
    free(row -> chars);
    free(row -> hl);
}

void editorDeleteRow(int at) {
    if(at < 0 || at >= E.numrows) {
        return;
    }
    editorFreeRow(&E.row[at]);
    memmove(&E.row[at], &E.row[at + 1], sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows - at - 1));
    for(int j = at; j < E.numrows - 1; j++) E.row[j].idx--;
    E.numrows--;
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorRowDeleteChar(erow *row, int at) {
    if(at < 0 || at >= row -> size) {
        return;
    }
    memmove(&row -> chars[at], &row -> chars[at + 1], row -> size - at);
    row->size--;
    editorUpdateRow(row);
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorDeleteChar() {
    if(E.cy == E.numrows)
        return;
        
    if(E.cx == 0 && E.cy == 0) {
        return;
    }

    erow *row = &E.row[E.cy];
    if(E.cx > 0) {
        editorRowDeleteChar(row, E.cx - 1);
        E.cx--;
    } else {
        E.cx = E.row[E.cy - 1].size;
        editorRowAppendString(&E.row[E.cy - 1], row -> chars, row -> size);
        editorDeleteRow(E.cy);
        E.cy--;
    }
}

int editorRowCxtoRx(erow *row, int cx) {
    int rx = 0;
    int j;
    for(j = 0; j < cx; j++) {
        if(row->chars[j] == '\t')
            rx += (KILO_TAB_STOP - 1) - (rx % KILO_TAB_STOP);
        rx++;
    }
    return rx;
}

int editorRowRxToCx(erow *row, int rx) {
  int cur_rx = 0;
  int cx;
  for (cx = 0; cx < row->size; cx++) {
    if (row->chars[cx] == '\t')
      cur_rx += (KILO_TAB_STOP - 1) - (cur_rx % KILO_TAB_STOP);
    cur_rx++;
    if (cur_rx > rx) return cx;
  }
  return cx;
}

void editorInsertRow(int at, char *s, size_t len) {
    if(at < 0 || at > E.numrows)
        return;

    E.row = realloc(E.row, sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows + 1));
    memmove(&E.row[at + 1], &E.row[at], sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows - at));
    for(int j = at + 1; j <= E.numrows; j++) E.row[j].idx++;


    E.row[at].idx = at;
    E.row[at].size = len;
    E.row[at].chars = malloc(len + 1);
    memcpy(E.row[at].chars, s, len);
    E.row[at].chars[len] = '\0';


    E.row[at].rsize = 0;
    E.row[at].render = NULL;
    E.row[at].hl = NULL;
    E.row[at].hl_open_comment = 0;
    editorUpdateRow(&E.row[at]);
    E.numrows++;
    E.dirty++;

}

void editorRowInsertChar(erow *row, int at, int c) {
    if(at < 0 || at > row -> size) {
        at = row -> size;
    }
    row -> chars = realloc(row -> chars, row -> size + 2);
    memmove(&row -> chars[at + 1], &row -> chars[at], row -> size - at + 1);
    row -> size++; 
    row -> chars[at] = c;
    editorUpdateRow(row);
    E.dirty++;
}

/** editor operations */

void editorInsertChar(int c) {
    if(E.cy == E.numrows) {
        editorInsertRow(E.cy, "", 0);
    }
    editorRowInsertChar(&E.row[E.cy], E.cx, c);
    E.cx++;
} 

void editorUpdateRow(erow *row) {
    int tabs = 0;
    int j;
    for(j = 0; j < row->size; j++) {
        if(row->chars[j] == '\t') tabs++;
    }
    free(row->render);
    row->render = malloc(row->size + tabs * (KILO_TAB_STOP - 1) + 1);

    int idx = 0;
    for(j = 0; j < row->size; j++){
        if(row->chars[j] == '\t') {
            row->render[idx++] = ' ';
            while (idx % KILO_TAB_STOP != 0) row->render[idx++] = ' ';
        } else {
            row->render[idx++] = row->chars[j];
        }
    }
    row->render[idx] = '\0';
    row->rsize = idx;

    editorUpdateSyntax(row);
}

void editorInsertNewLine() {
    if(E.cx == 0) {
        editorInsertRow(E.cy, "", 0);
    } else {
        erow *row = &E.row[E.cy];
        editorInsertRow(E.cy + 1, &row -> chars[E.cx], row -> size - E.cx);
        row = &E.row[E.cy];
        row -> size = E.cx;
        row -> chars[row -> size] = '\0';
        editorUpdateRow(row);
    }
    E.cy++;
    E.cx = 0;
}

/*** append buffer ***/

struct abuf {
    char *b;
    int len;
};

#define ABUF_INIT {NULL, 0}

void abAppend(struct abuf *ab, const char *s, int len) {
    char *new = realloc(ab->b, ab->len + len);

    if (new == NULL) return;
    memcpy(&new[ab->len], s, len);
    ab->b = new;
    ab->len += len;
}

void abFree(struct abuf *ab) {
    free(ab->b);
}

/*** output ***/

void editorDrawMessageBar(struct abuf *ab) {
    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[K", 3);
    int msglen = strlen(E.statusmsg);
    if(msglen > E.screencols)
        msglen = E.screencols;
    if(msglen && time(NULL) - E.statusmsg_time < 5)
        abAppend(ab, E.statusmsg, msglen);

}

void editorSetStatusMessage(const char *fmt, ...) {
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    vsnprintf(E.statusmsg, sizeof(E.statusmsg), fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    E.statusmsg_time = time(NULL);
}

void editorScroll() {
    E.rx = 0;
    if (E.cy < E.numrows) {
        E.rx = editorRowCxtoRx(&E.row[E.cy], E.cx);
    }
    if(E.cy < E.rowoff){
        E.rowoff = E.cy;
    }
    if(E.cy >= E.rowoff + E.screenrows) {
        E.rowoff = E.cy - E.screenrows + 1;
    }
    if(E.rx < E.coloff) {
        E.coloff = E.rx;
    }
    if (E.rx >= E.coloff + E.screencols) {
        E.coloff = E.rx - E.screencols + 1;
    }
}

void editorDrawRows(struct abuf *ab) {
    int y;
    for (y = 0; y < E.screenrows; y++) {
        int filerow = y + E.rowoff;
        if(filerow >= E.numrows) {
            if (E.numrows == 0 && y == E.screenrows / 3) {
                char welcome[80];
                int welcomelen = snprintf(welcome, sizeof(welcome),
                                          "Kilo editor -- version %s", KILO_VERSION);
                if (welcomelen > E.screencols) welcomelen = E.screencols;
                int padding = (E.screencols - welcomelen) / 2;
                if (padding) {
                    abAppend(ab, "~", 1);
                    padding--;
                }
                while (padding--) abAppend(ab, " ", 1);
                abAppend(ab, welcome, welcomelen);
            } else {
                abAppend(ab, "~", 1);
            }
        } else {
            int len  = E.row[filerow].rsize - E.coloff;
            if(len < 0) len = 0;
            if(len > E.screencols)
                len = E.screencols;
            char *c = &E.row[filerow].render[E.coloff];
            unsigned char *hl = &E.row[filerow].hl[E.coloff];
            int current_color = -1;
            int j;
            for(j = 0; j < len; j++) {
                if(iscntrl(c[j])) {
                    char sym = (c[j] <= 26) ? '@' + c[j] : '?';
                    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[7m", 4);
                    abAppend(ab, &sym, 1);
                    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[m", 3);
                    if(current_color != -1) {
                        char buf[16];
                        int clen = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\x1b[%dm", current_color);
                        abAppend(ab, buf, clen);
                    }
                } else if(hl[j] == HL_NORMAL) {
                    if(current_color != -1) {
                        abAppend(ab, "\x1b[39m", 5);
                        current_color = -1;
                    }
                    abAppend(ab, &c[j], 1);
                } else {
                    int color = editorSyntaxToColor(hl[j]);
                    if(color != current_color) {
                        current_color = color;
                        char buf[16];
                        int clen = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\x1b[%dm", color);
                        abAppend(ab, buf, clen);
                    }
                    abAppend(ab, &c[j], 1);
                }
            }
            abAppend(ab,"\x1b[39m", 5);
        }
        abAppend(ab, "\x1b[K", 3);
        abAppend(ab, "\r\n", 2);
    }
}

/*** find ***/
void editorFindCallback(char *query, int key) {
    static int last_match = -1;
    static int direction = -1;

    static int saved_hl_line;
    static char *saved_hl = NULL;

    if(saved_hl) {
        memcpy(E.row[saved_hl_line].hl, saved_hl, E.row[saved_hl_line].rsize);
        free(saved_hl);
        saved_hl = NULL;
    }
    
    if(key == '\r' || key == '\x1b') {
        last_match = -1;
        direction = -1;
        return;
    } else if(key == ARROW_LEFT || key == ARROW_DOWN) {
        direction = 1;
    } else if(key == ARROW_LEFT || key == ARROW_UP) {
        direction = -1;
    } else {
        last_match = -1;
        direction = 1;
    }
    if(last_match == -1) direction = 1;
    int current = last_match;
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < E.numrows; i++) {
        current += direction;
        if(current == -1) current = E.numrows - 1;
        else if (current == E.numrows) current = 0;
        erow *row  = &E.row[current];
        char *match = strstr(row -> render, query);
        if(match) {
            last_match = current;
            E.cy = current;
            E.cx = editorRowRxToCx(row, match - row -> render);
            E.rowoff = E.numrows;

            saved_hl_line = current;
            saved_hl = malloc(row -> rsize);
            memcpy(saved_hl, row->hl, row->rsize);
            memset(&row -> hl[match - row -> render], HL_MATCH, strlen(query));
            break;
        }
    }
    free(query);
}

void editorFind() {
    int saved_cx = E.cx;
    int saved_cy = E.cy;
    int saved_coloff = E.coloff;
    int saved_rowoff = E.rowoff;
    char *query = editorPrompt("Search: %s (Use ESC/Arrows/Enter)", editorFindCallback);

    if(query) {
        free(query);
    } else {
        E.cx = saved_cx;
        E.cy = saved_cy;
        E.coloff = saved_coloff;
        E.rowoff = saved_rowoff;
    }
}

void editorRefreshScreen() {
    editorScroll();
    struct abuf ab = ABUF_INIT;

    abAppend(&ab, "\x1b[?25l", 6);
    abAppend(&ab, "\x1b[H", 3);

    editorDrawRows(&ab);
    editorDrawStatusBar(&ab);
    editorDrawMessageBar(&ab);

    char buf[32];
    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\x1b[%d;%dH", (E.cy  - E.rowoff) + 1, (E.rx - E.coloff) + 1);
    abAppend(&ab, buf, strlen(buf));

    abAppend(&ab, "\x1b[?25h", 6);

    write(STDOUT_FILENO, ab.b, ab.len);
    abFree(&ab);
}

void editorDrawStatusBar(struct abuf *ab) {
    abAppend(ab, "\x1b\7m", 4);
    char status[80], rstatus[80];
    int len = snprintf(status, sizeof(status), "%.20s - %d lines %s",
    E.filename ? E.filename : "[No Name]", E.numrows,
    E.dirty ? "(modified)" : "");
    int rlen = snprintf(rstatus, sizeof(rstatus), "%s | %d/%d", 
    E.syntax ? E.syntax -> filetype : "no filetype", E.cy + 1, E.numrows);
    if(len > E.screencols) {
        len = E.screencols;
    }
    abAppend(ab, status, len);
    while(len < E.screencols) {
        if(E.screencols - len == rlen) {
            abAppend(ab, rstatus, rlen);
            break;
        } else {
            abAppend(ab, " ", 1);
            len++;
        }
    }
    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[m", 3);
    abAppend(ab, "\r\n", 2);
}

/*** input ***/

char *editorPrompt(char *prompt, void (*callback)(char *, int)) {
    size_t bufsize = 128;
    char *buf = malloc(bufsize);

    size_t buflen = 0;
    buf[0] = '\0';

    while(1) {
        editorSetStatusMessage(prompt, buf);
        editorRefreshScreen();

        int c = editorReadKey();
        if(c == DEL_KEY || c == CTRL_KEY('h') || c == BACKSPACE) {
            if(buflen != 0)
                buf[--buflen] = '\0';
        } else if(c == '\x1b') {
            editorSetStatusMessage("");
            if(callback) callback(buf, c);
            free(buf);
            return NULL;
        } else if(c == '\r') {
            if(buflen != 0) {
                editorSetStatusMessage("");
                if(callback) callback(buf,c);
                return buf;         
            }
        } else if(!iscntrl(c) && c < 128) {
            if(buflen == bufsize - 1) {
                bufsize *= 2;
                buf = realloc(buf, bufsize);
            }
            buf[buflen++] = c;
            buf[buflen] = '\0';
        }
        if(callback) callback(buf,c);
    }
}

void editorMoveCursor(int key) {
    erow *row = (E.cy >= E.numrows)? NULL : &E.row[E.cy];
    switch (key) {
        case ARROW_LEFT:
            if (E.cx != 0) {
                E.cx--;
            } else if(E.cy > 0) {
                E.cy--;
                E.cx = E.row[E.cy].size;
            }
            break;
        case ARROW_RIGHT:
            if(row && E.cx < row-> size) {
                E.cx++;
            } else if(row && E.cx == row->size) {
                E.cy++;
                E.cx = 0;
            }
            break;
        case ARROW_UP:
            if (E.cy != 0) {
                E.cy--;
            }
            break;
        case ARROW_DOWN:
            if (E.cy < E.numrows) {
                E.cy++;
            }
            break;
    }
    row = (E.cy >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[E.cy];
    int rowlen = row ? row -> size : 0;
    if(E.cx > rowlen) {
        E.cx = rowlen;
    }
}

void editorProcessKeypress() {
    static int quit_times = KILO_QUIT_TIMES;
    int c = editorReadKey();

    switch (c) {
        case '\r': 
            editorInsertNewLine();
            break;
        case CTRL_KEY('q'):
            if(E.dirty && quit_times > 0) {
                    editorSetStatusMessage("File has unsaved changes. "
          "Press Ctrl-Q %d more times to quit.", quit_times);
                quit_times--;
                return;
            }
            write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
            write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);
            exit(0);
            break;

        case CTRL_KEY('s'):
            editorSave();
            break;
        
        case HOME_KEY:
            E.cx = 0;
            break;

        case END_KEY:
            if (E.cy < E.numrows)
                E.cx = E.row[E.cy].size;
            break;

        case CTRL_KEY('f'):
            editorFind();
            break;

        case BACKSPACE:
        case CTRL_KEY('h'):
        case DEL_KEY:
            if(c == DEL_KEY) {
                editorMoveCursor(ARROW_RIGHT);
            }
            editorDeleteChar();
            break;

        case PAGE_UP:
        case PAGE_DOWN: {
            if(c == PAGE_UP) {
                E.cy = E.rowoff;
            } else if (c == PAGE_DOWN ) {
                E.cy = E.rowoff + E.screenrows  - 1;
                if(E.cy > E.numrows) E.cy = E.numrows;
            }
        }
            break;

        case ARROW_UP:
        case ARROW_DOWN:
        case ARROW_LEFT:
        case ARROW_RIGHT:
            editorMoveCursor(c);
            break;
        case CTRL_KEY('l'):
        case '\x1b':
            break;

        default:
            editorInsertChar(c);
            break;
    }

    quit_times = KILO_QUIT_TIMES;
}

/**file i/o **/

char *editorRowsToString(int *buflen) {
  int totlen = 0;
  int j;
  for (j = 0; j < E.numrows; j++)
    totlen += E.row[j].size + 1;
  *buflen = totlen;
  char *buf = malloc(totlen);
  char *p = buf;
  for (j = 0; j < E.numrows; j++) {
    memcpy(p, E.row[j].chars, E.row[j].size);
    p += E.row[j].size;
    *p = '\n';
    p++;
  }
  return buf;
}

void editorSave() {
  if (E.filename == NULL)  {
      E.filename = editorPrompt("Save as: %s (Press ESC to cancel", NULL);
      if(E.filename == NULL ) {
          editorSetStatusMessage("Not saved");
          return;
      }
      editorSelectSyntaxHighlight();
  }
  int len;
  char *buf = editorRowsToString(&len);
  int fd = open(E.filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644);
  if (fd != -1) {
    if (ftruncate(fd, len) != -1) {
      if (write(fd, buf, len) == len) {
        close(fd);
        free(buf);
        E.dirty = 0;
        editorSetStatusMessage("%d bytes written to disk", len);
        return;
      }
    }
    close(fd);
  }
  free(buf);
  editorSetStatusMessage("Can't save! I/O error: %s", strerror(errno));
}

void editorOpen(char *filename) {
    free(E.filename);
    E.filename = strdup(filename);

    editorSelectSyntaxHighlight();

    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (!fp)
        die("fopen");
    char *line = NULL;
    size_t linecap = 0;
    ssize_t linelen;
    linelen = getline(&line, &linecap, fp);
    while ((linelen == getline(&line, &linecap, fp)) != -1) {
        while (linelen > 0 && (line[linelen - 1] == '\n' || line[linelen - 1] == '\r'))
            linelen--;
        editorInsertRow(E.numrows, line, linelen);
    }
    free(line);
    fclose(fp);
    E.dirty = 0;
}

void initEditor() {
    E.cx = 0;
    E.cy = 0;
    E.rx = 0;
    E.rowoff = 0;
    E.dirty = 0;
    E.numrows = 0;
    E.coloff = 0;
    E.filename = NULL;
    E.row = NULL;
    if (getWindowSize(&E.screenrows, &E.screencols) == -1) die("getWindowSize");
    E.screenrows -= 2;
    E.statusmsg[0] = '\0';
    E.statusmsg_time = 0;
    E.syntax = NULL;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    enableRawMode();
    initEditor();
    if(argc >= 2){
    editorOpen(argv[1]);
    }

      editorSetStatusMessage("HELP: Ctrl-S: Save | Ctrl-Q: Quit  | CTRL-F: Search");

    while (1) {
        editorRefreshScreen();
        editorProcessKeypress();
    }

    return 0;
}