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args.hxx
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args.hxx
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/* A simple header-only C++ argument parser library.
*
* https://github.com/Taywee/args
*
* Copyright (c) 2016-2021 Taylor C. Richberger <taywee@gmx.com> and Pavel
* Belikov
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
* deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
* rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
* sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
* IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
/** \file args.hxx
* \brief this single-header lets you use all of the args functionality
*
* The important stuff is done inside the args namespace
*/
#ifndef ARGS_HXX
#define ARGS_HXX
#define ARGS_VERSION "6.4.6"
#define ARGS_VERSION_MAJOR 6
#define ARGS_VERSION_MINOR 4
#define ARGS_VERSION_PATCH 6
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <exception>
#include <functional>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <type_traits>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cctype>
#include <iostream>
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
#define noexcept
#endif
#ifdef ARGS_TESTNAMESPACE
namespace argstest
{
#else
/** \namespace args
* \brief contains all the functionality of the args library
*/
namespace args
{
#endif
/** Getter to grab the value from the argument type.
*
* If the Get() function of the type returns a reference, so does this, and
* the value will be modifiable.
*/
template <typename Option>
auto get(Option &option_) -> decltype(option_.Get())
{
return option_.Get();
}
/** (INTERNAL) Count UTF-8 glyphs
*
* This is not reliable, and will fail for combinatory glyphs, but it's
* good enough here for now.
*
* \param string The string to count glyphs from
* \return The UTF-8 glyphs in the string
*/
inline std::string::size_type Glyphs(const std::string &string_)
{
std::string::size_type length = 0;
for (const char c: string_)
{
if ((c & 0xc0) != 0x80)
{
++length;
}
}
return length;
}
/** (INTERNAL) Wrap a vector of words into a vector of lines
*
* Empty words are skipped. Word "\n" forces wrapping.
*
* \param begin The begin iterator
* \param end The end iterator
* \param width The width of the body
* \param firstlinewidth the width of the first line, defaults to the width of the body
* \param firstlineindent the indent of the first line, defaults to 0
* \return the vector of lines
*/
template <typename It>
inline std::vector<std::string> Wrap(It begin,
It end,
const std::string::size_type width,
std::string::size_type firstlinewidth = 0,
std::string::size_type firstlineindent = 0)
{
std::vector<std::string> output;
std::string line(firstlineindent, ' ');
bool empty = true;
if (firstlinewidth == 0)
{
firstlinewidth = width;
}
auto currentwidth = firstlinewidth;
for (auto it = begin; it != end; ++it)
{
if (it->empty())
{
continue;
}
if (*it == "\n")
{
if (!empty)
{
output.push_back(line);
line.clear();
empty = true;
currentwidth = width;
}
continue;
}
auto itemsize = Glyphs(*it);
if ((line.length() + 1 + itemsize) > currentwidth)
{
if (!empty)
{
output.push_back(line);
line.clear();
empty = true;
currentwidth = width;
}
}
if (itemsize > 0)
{
if (!empty)
{
line += ' ';
}
line += *it;
empty = false;
}
}
if (!empty)
{
output.push_back(line);
}
return output;
}
namespace detail
{
template <typename T>
std::string Join(const T& array, const std::string &delimiter)
{
std::string res;
for (auto &element : array)
{
if (!res.empty())
{
res += delimiter;
}
res += element;
}
return res;
}
}
/** (INTERNAL) Wrap a string into a vector of lines
*
* This is quick and hacky, but works well enough. You can specify a
* different width for the first line
*
* \param width The width of the body
* \param firstlinewid the width of the first line, defaults to the width of the body
* \return the vector of lines
*/
inline std::vector<std::string> Wrap(const std::string &in, const std::string::size_type width, std::string::size_type firstlinewidth = 0)
{
// Preserve existing line breaks
const auto newlineloc = in.find('\n');
if (newlineloc != in.npos)
{
auto first = Wrap(std::string(in, 0, newlineloc), width);
auto second = Wrap(std::string(in, newlineloc + 1), width);
first.insert(
std::end(first),
std::make_move_iterator(std::begin(second)),
std::make_move_iterator(std::end(second)));
return first;
}
std::istringstream stream(in);
std::string::size_type indent = 0;
for (auto c : in)
{
if (!std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)))
{
break;
}
++indent;
}
return Wrap(std::istream_iterator<std::string>(stream), std::istream_iterator<std::string>(),
width, firstlinewidth, indent);
}
#ifdef ARGS_NOEXCEPT
/// Error class, for when ARGS_NOEXCEPT is defined
enum class Error
{
None,
Usage,
Parse,
Validation,
Required,
Map,
Extra,
Help,
Subparser,
Completion,
};
#else
/** Base error class
*/
class Error : public std::runtime_error
{
public:
Error(const std::string &problem) : std::runtime_error(problem) {}
virtual ~Error() {}
};
/** Errors that occur during usage
*/
class UsageError : public Error
{
public:
UsageError(const std::string &problem) : Error(problem) {}
virtual ~UsageError() {}
};
/** Errors that occur during regular parsing
*/
class ParseError : public Error
{
public:
ParseError(const std::string &problem) : Error(problem) {}
virtual ~ParseError() {}
};
/** Errors that are detected from group validation after parsing finishes
*/
class ValidationError : public Error
{
public:
ValidationError(const std::string &problem) : Error(problem) {}
virtual ~ValidationError() {}
};
/** Errors that when a required flag is omitted
*/
class RequiredError : public ValidationError
{
public:
RequiredError(const std::string &problem) : ValidationError(problem) {}
virtual ~RequiredError() {}
};
/** Errors in map lookups
*/
class MapError : public ParseError
{
public:
MapError(const std::string &problem) : ParseError(problem) {}
virtual ~MapError() {}
};
/** Error that occurs when a singular flag is specified multiple times
*/
class ExtraError : public ParseError
{
public:
ExtraError(const std::string &problem) : ParseError(problem) {}
virtual ~ExtraError() {}
};
/** An exception that indicates that the user has requested help
*/
class Help : public Error
{
public:
Help(const std::string &flag) : Error(flag) {}
virtual ~Help() {}
};
/** (INTERNAL) An exception that emulates coroutine-like control flow for subparsers.
*/
class SubparserError : public Error
{
public:
SubparserError() : Error("") {}
virtual ~SubparserError() {}
};
/** An exception that contains autocompletion reply
*/
class Completion : public Error
{
public:
Completion(const std::string &flag) : Error(flag) {}
virtual ~Completion() {}
};
#endif
/** A simple unified option type for unified initializer lists for the Matcher class.
*/
struct EitherFlag
{
const bool isShort;
const char shortFlag;
const std::string longFlag;
EitherFlag(const std::string &flag) : isShort(false), shortFlag(), longFlag(flag) {}
EitherFlag(const char *flag) : isShort(false), shortFlag(), longFlag(flag) {}
EitherFlag(const char flag) : isShort(true), shortFlag(flag), longFlag() {}
/** Get just the long flags from an initializer list of EitherFlags
*/
static std::unordered_set<std::string> GetLong(std::initializer_list<EitherFlag> flags)
{
std::unordered_set<std::string> longFlags;
for (const EitherFlag &flag: flags)
{
if (!flag.isShort)
{
longFlags.insert(flag.longFlag);
}
}
return longFlags;
}
/** Get just the short flags from an initializer list of EitherFlags
*/
static std::unordered_set<char> GetShort(std::initializer_list<EitherFlag> flags)
{
std::unordered_set<char> shortFlags;
for (const EitherFlag &flag: flags)
{
if (flag.isShort)
{
shortFlags.insert(flag.shortFlag);
}
}
return shortFlags;
}
std::string str() const
{
return isShort ? std::string(1, shortFlag) : longFlag;
}
std::string str(const std::string &shortPrefix, const std::string &longPrefix) const
{
return isShort ? shortPrefix + std::string(1, shortFlag) : longPrefix + longFlag;
}
};
/** A class of "matchers", specifying short and flags that can possibly be
* matched.
*
* This is supposed to be constructed and then passed in, not used directly
* from user code.
*/
class Matcher
{
private:
const std::unordered_set<char> shortFlags;
const std::unordered_set<std::string> longFlags;
public:
/** Specify short and long flags separately as iterators
*
* ex: `args::Matcher(shortFlags.begin(), shortFlags.end(), longFlags.begin(), longFlags.end())`
*/
template <typename ShortIt, typename LongIt>
Matcher(ShortIt shortFlagsStart, ShortIt shortFlagsEnd, LongIt longFlagsStart, LongIt longFlagsEnd) :
shortFlags(shortFlagsStart, shortFlagsEnd),
longFlags(longFlagsStart, longFlagsEnd)
{
if (shortFlags.empty() && longFlags.empty())
{
#ifndef ARGS_NOEXCEPT
throw UsageError("empty Matcher");
#endif
}
}
#ifdef ARGS_NOEXCEPT
/// Only for ARGS_NOEXCEPT
Error GetError() const noexcept
{
return shortFlags.empty() && longFlags.empty() ? Error::Usage : Error::None;
}
#endif
/** Specify short and long flags separately as iterables
*
* ex: `args::Matcher(shortFlags, longFlags)`
*/
template <typename Short, typename Long>
Matcher(Short &&shortIn, Long &&longIn) :
Matcher(std::begin(shortIn), std::end(shortIn), std::begin(longIn), std::end(longIn))
{}
/** Specify a mixed single initializer-list of both short and long flags
*
* This is the fancy one. It takes a single initializer list of
* any number of any mixed kinds of flags. Chars are
* automatically interpreted as short flags, and strings are
* automatically interpreted as long flags:
*
* args::Matcher{'a'}
* args::Matcher{"foo"}
* args::Matcher{'h', "help"}
* args::Matcher{"foo", 'f', 'F', "FoO"}
*/
Matcher(std::initializer_list<EitherFlag> in) :
Matcher(EitherFlag::GetShort(in), EitherFlag::GetLong(in)) {}
Matcher(Matcher &&other) noexcept : shortFlags(std::move(other.shortFlags)), longFlags(std::move(other.longFlags))
{}
~Matcher() {}
/** (INTERNAL) Check if there is a match of a short flag
*/
bool Match(const char flag) const
{
return shortFlags.find(flag) != shortFlags.end();
}
/** (INTERNAL) Check if there is a match of a long flag
*/
bool Match(const std::string &flag) const
{
return longFlags.find(flag) != longFlags.end();
}
/** (INTERNAL) Check if there is a match of a flag
*/
bool Match(const EitherFlag &flag) const
{
return flag.isShort ? Match(flag.shortFlag) : Match(flag.longFlag);
}
/** (INTERNAL) Get all flag strings as a vector, with the prefixes embedded
*/
std::vector<EitherFlag> GetFlagStrings() const
{
std::vector<EitherFlag> flagStrings;
flagStrings.reserve(shortFlags.size() + longFlags.size());
for (const char flag: shortFlags)
{
flagStrings.emplace_back(flag);
}
for (const std::string &flag: longFlags)
{
flagStrings.emplace_back(flag);
}
return flagStrings;
}
/** (INTERNAL) Get long flag if it exists or any short flag
*/
EitherFlag GetLongOrAny() const
{
if (!longFlags.empty())
{
return *longFlags.begin();
}
if (!shortFlags.empty())
{
return *shortFlags.begin();
}
// should be unreachable
return ' ';
}
/** (INTERNAL) Get short flag if it exists or any long flag
*/
EitherFlag GetShortOrAny() const
{
if (!shortFlags.empty())
{
return *shortFlags.begin();
}
if (!longFlags.empty())
{
return *longFlags.begin();
}
// should be unreachable
return ' ';
}
};
/** Attributes for flags.
*/
enum class Options
{
/** Default options.
*/
None = 0x0,
/** Flag can't be passed multiple times.
*/
Single = 0x01,
/** Flag can't be omitted.
*/
Required = 0x02,
/** Flag is excluded from usage line.
*/
HiddenFromUsage = 0x04,
/** Flag is excluded from options help.
*/
HiddenFromDescription = 0x08,
/** Flag is global and can be used in any subcommand.
*/
Global = 0x10,
/** Flag stops a parser.
*/
KickOut = 0x20,
/** Flag is excluded from auto completion.
*/
HiddenFromCompletion = 0x40,
/** Flag is excluded from options help and usage line
*/
Hidden = HiddenFromUsage | HiddenFromDescription | HiddenFromCompletion,
};
inline Options operator | (Options lhs, Options rhs)
{
return static_cast<Options>(static_cast<int>(lhs) | static_cast<int>(rhs));
}
inline Options operator & (Options lhs, Options rhs)
{
return static_cast<Options>(static_cast<int>(lhs) & static_cast<int>(rhs));
}
class FlagBase;
class PositionalBase;
class Command;
class ArgumentParser;
/** A simple structure of parameters for easy user-modifyable help menus
*/
struct HelpParams
{
/** The width of the help menu
*/
unsigned int width = 80;
/** The indent of the program line
*/
unsigned int progindent = 2;
/** The indent of the program trailing lines for long parameters
*/
unsigned int progtailindent = 4;
/** The indent of the description and epilogs
*/
unsigned int descriptionindent = 4;
/** The indent of the flags
*/
unsigned int flagindent = 6;
/** The indent of the flag descriptions
*/
unsigned int helpindent = 40;
/** The additional indent each group adds
*/
unsigned int eachgroupindent = 2;
/** The minimum gutter between each flag and its help
*/
unsigned int gutter = 1;
/** Show the terminator when both options and positional parameters are present
*/
bool showTerminator = true;
/** Show the {OPTIONS} on the prog line when this is true
*/
bool showProglineOptions = true;
/** Show the positionals on the prog line when this is true
*/
bool showProglinePositionals = true;
/** The prefix for short flags
*/
std::string shortPrefix;
/** The prefix for long flags
*/
std::string longPrefix;
/** The separator for short flags
*/
std::string shortSeparator;
/** The separator for long flags
*/
std::string longSeparator;
/** The program name for help generation
*/
std::string programName;
/** Show command's flags
*/
bool showCommandChildren = false;
/** Show command's descriptions and epilog
*/
bool showCommandFullHelp = false;
/** The postfix for progline when showProglineOptions is true and command has any flags
*/
std::string proglineOptions = "{OPTIONS}";
/** The prefix for progline when command has any subcommands
*/
std::string proglineCommand = "COMMAND";
/** The prefix for progline value
*/
std::string proglineValueOpen = " <";
/** The postfix for progline value
*/
std::string proglineValueClose = ">";
/** The prefix for progline required argument
*/
std::string proglineRequiredOpen = "";
/** The postfix for progline required argument
*/
std::string proglineRequiredClose = "";
/** The prefix for progline non-required argument
*/
std::string proglineNonrequiredOpen = "[";
/** The postfix for progline non-required argument
*/
std::string proglineNonrequiredClose = "]";
/** Show flags in program line
*/
bool proglineShowFlags = false;
/** Use short flags in program lines when possible
*/
bool proglinePreferShortFlags = false;
/** Program line prefix
*/
std::string usageString;
/** String shown in help before flags descriptions
*/
std::string optionsString = "OPTIONS:";
/** Display value name after all the long and short flags
*/
bool useValueNameOnce = false;
/** Show value name
*/
bool showValueName = true;
/** Add newline before flag description
*/
bool addNewlineBeforeDescription = false;
/** The prefix for option value
*/
std::string valueOpen = "[";
/** The postfix for option value
*/
std::string valueClose = "]";
/** Add choices to argument description
*/
bool addChoices = false;
/** The prefix for choices
*/
std::string choiceString = "\nOne of: ";
/** Add default values to argument description
*/
bool addDefault = false;
/** The prefix for default values
*/
std::string defaultString = "\nDefault: ";
};
/** A number of arguments which can be consumed by an option.
*
* Represents a closed interval [min, max].
*/
struct Nargs
{
const size_t min;
const size_t max;
Nargs(size_t min_, size_t max_) : min{min_}, max{max_}
{
#ifndef ARGS_NOEXCEPT
if (max < min)
{
throw UsageError("Nargs: max > min");
}
#endif
}
Nargs(size_t num_) : min{num_}, max{num_}
{
}
friend bool operator == (const Nargs &lhs, const Nargs &rhs)
{
return lhs.min == rhs.min && lhs.max == rhs.max;
}
friend bool operator != (const Nargs &lhs, const Nargs &rhs)
{
return !(lhs == rhs);
}
};
/** Base class for all match types
*/
class Base
{
private:
Options options = {};
protected:
bool matched = false;
const std::string help;
#ifdef ARGS_NOEXCEPT
/// Only for ARGS_NOEXCEPT
mutable Error error = Error::None;
mutable std::string errorMsg;
#endif
public:
Base(const std::string &help_, Options options_ = {}) : options(options_), help(help_) {}
virtual ~Base() {}
Options GetOptions() const noexcept
{
return options;
}
bool IsRequired() const noexcept
{
return (GetOptions() & Options::Required) != Options::None;
}
virtual bool Matched() const noexcept
{
return matched;
}
virtual void Validate(const std::string &, const std::string &) const
{
}
operator bool() const noexcept
{
return Matched();
}
virtual std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, std::string, unsigned>> GetDescription(const HelpParams &, const unsigned indentLevel) const
{
std::tuple<std::string, std::string, unsigned> description;
std::get<1>(description) = help;
std::get<2>(description) = indentLevel;
return { std::move(description) };
}
virtual std::vector<Command*> GetCommands()
{
return {};
}
virtual bool IsGroup() const
{
return false;
}
virtual FlagBase *Match(const EitherFlag &)
{
return nullptr;
}
virtual PositionalBase *GetNextPositional()
{
return nullptr;
}
virtual std::vector<FlagBase*> GetAllFlags()
{
return {};
}
virtual bool HasFlag() const
{
return false;
}
virtual bool HasPositional() const
{
return false;
}
virtual bool HasCommand() const
{
return false;
}
virtual std::vector<std::string> GetProgramLine(const HelpParams &) const
{
return {};
}
/// Sets a kick-out value for building subparsers
void KickOut(bool kickout_) noexcept
{
if (kickout_)
{
options = options | Options::KickOut;
}
else
{
options = static_cast<Options>(static_cast<int>(options) & ~static_cast<int>(Options::KickOut));
}
}
/// Gets the kick-out value for building subparsers
bool KickOut() const noexcept
{
return (options & Options::KickOut) != Options::None;
}
virtual void Reset() noexcept
{
matched = false;
#ifdef ARGS_NOEXCEPT
error = Error::None;
errorMsg.clear();
#endif
}
#ifdef ARGS_NOEXCEPT
/// Only for ARGS_NOEXCEPT
virtual Error GetError() const
{
return error;
}
/// Only for ARGS_NOEXCEPT
virtual std::string GetErrorMsg() const
{
return errorMsg;
}
#endif
};
/** Base class for all match types that have a name
*/
class NamedBase : public Base
{
protected:
const std::string name;
bool kickout = false;
std::string defaultString;
bool defaultStringManual = false;
std::vector<std::string> choicesStrings;
bool choicesStringManual = false;
virtual std::string GetDefaultString(const HelpParams&) const { return {}; }
virtual std::vector<std::string> GetChoicesStrings(const HelpParams&) const { return {}; }
virtual std::string GetNameString(const HelpParams&) const { return Name(); }
void AddDescriptionPostfix(std::string &dest, const bool isManual, const std::string &manual, bool isGenerated, const std::string &generated, const std::string &str) const
{
if (isManual && !manual.empty())
{
dest += str;
dest += manual;
}
else if (!isManual && isGenerated && !generated.empty())
{
dest += str;
dest += generated;
}
}
public:
NamedBase(const std::string &name_, const std::string &help_, Options options_ = {}) : Base(help_, options_), name(name_) {}
virtual ~NamedBase() {}
/** Sets default value string that will be added to argument description.
* Use empty string to disable it for this argument.
*/
void HelpDefault(const std::string &str)
{
defaultStringManual = true;
defaultString = str;
}
/** Gets default value string that will be added to argument description.
*/
std::string HelpDefault(const HelpParams ¶ms) const
{
return defaultStringManual ? defaultString : GetDefaultString(params);
}
/** Sets choices strings that will be added to argument description.
* Use empty vector to disable it for this argument.
*/
void HelpChoices(const std::vector<std::string> &array)
{
choicesStringManual = true;
choicesStrings = array;
}
/** Gets choices strings that will be added to argument description.
*/
std::vector<std::string> HelpChoices(const HelpParams ¶ms) const
{
return choicesStringManual ? choicesStrings : GetChoicesStrings(params);
}
virtual std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, std::string, unsigned>> GetDescription(const HelpParams ¶ms, const unsigned indentLevel) const override