diff --git a/contributors.yml b/contributors.yml
index 0966b71f78..d2041f3fcb 100644
--- a/contributors.yml
+++ b/contributors.yml
@@ -473,3 +473,4 @@
 - zeromask1337
 - zheng-chuang
 - zxTomw
+- DukeDeSouth
diff --git a/packages/react-router/__tests__/dom/search-params-test.tsx b/packages/react-router/__tests__/dom/search-params-test.tsx
index 33ed179985..e966a4b0dc 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/__tests__/dom/search-params-test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/__tests__/dom/search-params-test.tsx
@@ -192,7 +192,147 @@ describe("useSearchParams", () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it("does not reflect functional update mutation when navigation is blocked", () => {
+  // @see https://github.com/remix-run/react-router/issues/9991
+  it("returns a stable setSearchParams reference across renders", () => {
+    let setSearchParamsRefs: Function[] = [];
+
+    function SearchPage() {
+      let [searchParams, setSearchParams] = useSearchParams();
+      setSearchParamsRefs.push(setSearchParams);
+
+      return (
+        <div>
+          <p>The current query is "{searchParams.get("q") || ""}".</p>
+          <button onClick={() => setSearchParams({ q: "updated" })}>
+            Update
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      );
+    }
+
+    act(() => {
+      ReactDOM.createRoot(node).render(
+        <MemoryRouter initialEntries={["/search?q=initial"]}>
+          <Routes>
+            <Route path="search" element={<SearchPage />} />
+          </Routes>
+        </MemoryRouter>,
+      );
+    });
+
+    expect(node.innerHTML).toMatch(/The current query is "initial"/);
+    expect(setSearchParamsRefs.length).toBe(1);
+
+    act(() => {
+      node
+        .querySelector("button")!
+        .dispatchEvent(new Event("click", { bubbles: true }));
+    });
+
+    expect(node.innerHTML).toMatch(/The current query is "updated"/);
+    expect(setSearchParamsRefs.length).toBe(2);
+    expect(setSearchParamsRefs[0]).toBe(setSearchParamsRefs[1]);
+  });
+
+  // @see https://github.com/remix-run/react-router/issues/9991
+  it("does not re-trigger useEffect when search params change", () => {
+    let effectCount = 0;
+
+    function SearchPage() {
+      let [searchParams, setSearchParams] = useSearchParams();
+
+      React.useEffect(() => {
+        effectCount++;
+      }, [setSearchParams]);
+
+      return (
+        <div>
+          <p>The current query is "{searchParams.get("q") || ""}".</p>
+          <button onClick={() => setSearchParams({ q: "updated" })}>
+            Update
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      );
+    }
+
+    act(() => {
+      ReactDOM.createRoot(node).render(
+        <MemoryRouter initialEntries={["/search?q=initial"]}>
+          <Routes>
+            <Route path="search" element={<SearchPage />} />
+          </Routes>
+        </MemoryRouter>,
+      );
+    });
+
+    expect(effectCount).toBe(1);
+
+    act(() => {
+      node
+        .querySelector("button")!
+        .dispatchEvent(new Event("click", { bubbles: true }));
+    });
+
+    expect(effectCount).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  // @see https://github.com/remix-run/react-router/issues/9991
+  it("provides current search params to functional updates after stabilization", () => {
+    function SearchPage() {
+      let [searchParams, setSearchParams] = useSearchParams();
+
+      return (
+        <div>
+          <p>a={searchParams.get("a") || ""} b={searchParams.get("b") || ""}</p>
+          <button
+            id="set-a"
+            onClick={() => setSearchParams({ a: "1" })}
+          >
+            Set A
+          </button>
+          <button
+            id="set-b"
+            onClick={() =>
+              setSearchParams((prev) => {
+                prev.set("b", "2");
+                return prev;
+              })
+            }
+          >
+            Set B
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      );
+    }
+
+    act(() => {
+      ReactDOM.createRoot(node).render(
+        <MemoryRouter initialEntries={["/search"]}>
+          <Routes>
+            <Route path="search" element={<SearchPage />} />
+          </Routes>
+        </MemoryRouter>,
+      );
+    });
+
+    act(() => {
+      node
+        .querySelector("#set-a")!
+        .dispatchEvent(new Event("click", { bubbles: true }));
+    });
+
+    expect(node.innerHTML).toMatch(/a=1/);
+
+    act(() => {
+      node
+        .querySelector("#set-b")!
+        .dispatchEvent(new Event("click", { bubbles: true }));
+    });
+
+    expect(node.innerHTML).toMatch(/b=2/);
+  });
+
+    it("does not reflect functional update mutation when navigation is blocked", () => {
     let router = createBrowserRouter([
       {
         path: "/",
diff --git a/packages/react-router/lib/dom/lib.tsx b/packages/react-router/lib/dom/lib.tsx
index 39bc64675f..4d3a9db308 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/lib/dom/lib.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router/lib/dom/lib.tsx
@@ -2310,17 +2310,29 @@ export function useSearchParams(
   );
 
   let navigate = useNavigate();
+
+  // Keep a ref to the latest searchParams so the callback can read
+  // the current value without listing it as a dependency. This makes
+  // setSearchParams reference-stable like React's setState.
+  // The ref is updated in an effect (not during render) to stay safe
+  // under React's concurrent rendering mode.
+  // @see https://github.com/remix-run/react-router/issues/9991
+  let searchParamsRef = React.useRef(searchParams);
+  React.useEffect(() => {
+    searchParamsRef.current = searchParams;
+  }, [searchParams]);
+
   let setSearchParams = React.useCallback<SetURLSearchParams>(
     (nextInit, navigateOptions) => {
       const newSearchParams = createSearchParams(
         typeof nextInit === "function"
-          ? nextInit(new URLSearchParams(searchParams))
+          ? nextInit(new URLSearchParams(searchParamsRef.current))
           : nextInit,
       );
       hasSetSearchParamsRef.current = true;
       navigate("?" + newSearchParams, navigateOptions);
     },
-    [navigate, searchParams],
+    [navigate],
   );
 
   return [searchParams, setSearchParams];