-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 92
/
Copy pathsql-99.bnf
4530 lines (3185 loc) · 134 KB
/
sql-99.bnf
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
BNF Grammar for ISO/IEC 9075:1999 - Database Language SQL (SQL-99)
==================================================================
@(#)$Id: sql-99.bnf,v 2.10 2017/11/14 06:53:22 jleffler Exp $
--p
Using Appendix G of "SQL:1999 Understanding Relational Language Components" by J
Melton and A R Simon (Morgan Kaufmann, May 2001, ISBN 0-55860-456-1)
as the primary source of the syntax, here is the BNF syntax for SQL-99.
The Word 97 version of this document is available from:
--## <a href="http://www.mkp.com/books_catalog/catalog.asp?ISBN=1-55860-456-1">
--## http://www.mkp.com/books_catalog/catalog.asp?ISBN=1-55860-456-1 </a>.
--/p
--p
Note that this version of this file includes the corrections from ISO 9075:1999/Cor.1:2000.
--/p
--p
The plain text version of this grammar is
--## <a href='sql-99.bnf'> sql-99.bnf </a>.
--/p
--hr
--h2 Key SQL Statements and Fragments
--/h2
--bl
--li ALTER DOMAIN <alter domain statement>
--li ALTER TABLE <alter table statement>
--li CLOSE cursor <close statement>
--li Column definition <column definition>
--li COMMIT WORK <commit statement>
--li CONNECT <connect statement>
--li CREATE ASSERTION <assertion definition>
--li CREATE CHARACTER SET <character set definition>
--li CREATE COLLATION <collation definition>
--li CREATE DOMAIN <domain definition>
--li CREATE FUNCTION <schema function>
--li CREATE PROCEDURE <schema procedure>
--li CREATE SCHEMA <schema definition>
--li CREATE TABLE <table definition>
--li CREATE TRANSLATION <translation definition>
--li CREATE TRIGGER <trigger definition>
--li CREATE VIEW <view definition>
--li Data type <data type>
--li DEALLOCATE PREPARE <deallocate prepared statement>
--li DECLARE cursor <declare cursor> <dynamic declare cursor>
--li DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE <temporary table declaration>
--li DELETE <delete statement: positioned> <delete statement: searched> <dynamic delete statement: positioned>
--li DESCRIBE <describe statement>
--li DESCRIPTOR statements <system descriptor statement>
--li DISCONNECT <disconnect statement>
--li EXECUTE <execute statement>
--li EXECUTE IMMEDIATE <execute immediate statement>
--li FETCH cursor <fetch statement>
--li FROM clause <from clause>
--li GET DIAGNOSTICS <get diagnostics statement>
--li GRANT <grant statement>
--li GROUP BY clause <group by clause>
--li HAVING clause <having clause>
--li INSERT <insert statement>
--li Literals <literal>
--li OPEN cursor <open statement>
--li ORDER BY clause <order by clause>
--li PREPARE <prepare statement>
--li REVOKE <revoke statement>
--li ROLLBACK WORK <rollback statement>
--li SAVEPOINT <savepoint statement>
--li Search condition <search condition> <regular expression>
--li SELECT <query specification>
--li SET CATALOG <set catalog statement>
--li SET CONNECTION <set connection statement>
--li SET CONSTRAINTS <set constraints mode statement>
--li SET NAMES <set names statement>
--li SET SCHEMA <set schema statement>
--li SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION <set session user identifier statement>
--li SET TIME ZONE <set local time zone statement>
--li SET TRANSACTION <set transaction statement>
--li SQL Client MODULE <SQL-client module definition>
--li UPDATE <update statement: positioned> <update statement: searched> <dynamic update statement: positioned>
--li Value expression <value expression>
--li WHERE clause <where clause>
--/bl
--hr
--h2 Identifying the version of SQL in use
--/h2
--p
This material (starting with <SQL object identifier>) is defined in
section 6.3 "Object Identifier for Database Language SQL" of ISO/IEC
9075-1:1999 (SQL Framework).
It is used to express the capabilities of an implementation.
The package names are identifiers such as 'PKG001', equivalent to
'Enhanced datetime facilities', as defined in the informative Annex B to
SQL Framework.
Each such package identifies a number of features that are provided when
the SQL object identifier claims to provide the package.
--/p
<SQL object identifier> ::= <SQL provenance> <SQL variant>
<SQL provenance> ::= <arc1> <arc2> <arc3>
<arc1> ::= iso | 1 | iso <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<arc2> ::= standard | 0 | standard <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<arc3> ::= 9075
<SQL variant> ::= <SQL edition> <SQL conformance>
<SQL edition> ::= <1987> | <1989> | <1992> | <1999>
<1987> ::= 0 | edition1987 <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<1989> ::= <1989 base> <1989 package>
<1989 base> ::= 1 | edition1989 <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<1989 package> ::= <integrity no> | <integrity yes>
<integrity no> ::= 0 | IntegrityNo <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<integrity yes> ::= 1 | IntegrityYes <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<1992> ::= 2 | edition1992 <left paren> 2 <right paren>
<1999> ::= 3 | edition1999 <left paren> 3 <right paren>
<SQL conformance> ::= <level> <parts> <packages>
<level> ::= <low> | <intermediate> | <high>
<low> ::= 0 | Low <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<intermediate> ::= 1 | Intermediate <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<high> ::= 2 | High <left paren> 2 <right paren>
<parts> ::= <Part 3> <Part 4> <Part 5> <Part 6> <Part 7> <Part 8> <Part 9> <Part 10>
--p
--small
--i
The parenthesized (i) and (n) are italic in the SQL standard.
It is not clear exactly what this should look like, despite all the
information.
However, it is also not important; this is not really a part of the SQL
language per se.
Note that the package numbers are PKG001 to PKG009, for example.
We still have to devise a mechanism to persuade bnf2yacc.pl to ignore
this information.
--/i
--/small
--/p
<packages> ::= <Package PKG(i)> ...
<Part (n)> ::= <Part (n) no> | <Part (n) yes>
<Part (n) no> ::= 0 | Part-(n)No <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<Part (n) yes> ::= !! (as specified in ISO/IEC 9075-(n))
<Package PKG(i)> ::= <Package PKG(i)Yes> | <Package PKG(i)No>
<Part 3 yes> ::= <Part 3 conformance>
<Part 3 conformance> ::= 3 | sqlcli1999 <left paren> 3 <right paren>
<Part 4 yes> ::= <Part 4 conformance> <Part 4 module>
<Part 4 conformance> ::= 4 | sqlpsm1999 <left paren> 4 <right paren>
<Part 4 module> ::= <Part 4 module yes> | <Part 4 module no>
<Part 4 module yes> ::= 1 | moduleyes <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<Part 4 module no> ::= 0 | moduleno <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<Part 5 yes> ::= <Part 5 conformance> <Part 5 direct> <Part 5 embedded>
--p
--small
--i
The original used sqlbindings199x, but the x should clearly be a 9.
--/i
--/small
--/p
<Part 5 conformance> ::= 5 | sqlbindings1999 <left paren> 5 <right paren>
<Part 5 direct> ::= <Part 5 direct yes> | <Part 5 direct no>
<Part 5 direct yes> ::= 1 | directyes <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<Part 5 direct no> ::= 0 | directno <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<Part 5 embedded> ::= <Part 5 embedded no> | <Part 5 embedded languages>...
<Part 5 embedded no> ::= 0 | embeddedno <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<Part 5 embedded languages> ::=
<Part 5 embedded Ada>
| <Part 5 embedded C>
| <Part 5 embedded COBOL>
| <Part 5 embedded Fortran>
| <Part 5 embedded MUMPS>
| <Part 5 embedded Pascal>
| <Part 5 embedded PL/I>
<Part 5 embedded Ada> ::= 1 | embeddedAda <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<Part 5 embedded C> ::= 2 | embeddedC <left paren> 2 <right paren>
<Part 5 embedded COBOL> ::= 3 | embeddedCOBOL <left paren> 3 <right paren>
<Part 5 embedded Fortran> ::= 4 | embeddedFortran <left paren> 4 <right paren>
<Part 5 embedded MUMPS> ::= 5 | embeddedMUMPS <left paren> 5 <right paren>
<Part 5 embedded Pascal> ::= 6 | embeddedPascal <left paren> 6 <right paren>
<Part 5 embedded PL/I> ::= 7 | embeddedPLI <left paren> 7 <right paren>
--hr
--h2 Basic Definitions of Characters Used, Tokens, Symbols, Etc.
--/h2
--p
Most of this section would normally be handled within the lexical
analyzer rather than in the grammar proper.
Further, the original document does not quote the various single
characters, which makes it hard to process automatically.
--/p
<SQL terminal character> ::= <SQL language character>
<SQL language character> ::= <simple Latin letter> | <digit> | <SQL special character>
<simple Latin letter> ::=
<simple Latin upper case letter>
| <simple Latin lower case letter>
<simple Latin upper case letter> ::=
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
<simple Latin lower case letter> ::=
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z
<digit> ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
<SQL special character> ::=
<space>
| <double quote>
| <percent>
| <ampersand>
| <quote>
| <left paren>
| <right paren>
| <asterisk>
| <plus sign>
| <comma>
| <minus sign>
| <period>
| <solidus>
| <colon>
| <semicolon>
| <less than operator>
| <equals operator>
| <greater than operator>
| <question mark>
| <left bracket>
| <right bracket>
| <circumflex>
| <underscore>
| <vertical bar>
| <left brace>
| <right brace>
<space> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<double quote> ::= "
<percent> ::= %
<ampersand> ::= &
<quote> ::= '
<left paren> ::= (
<right paren> ::= )
<asterisk> ::= *
<plus sign> ::= +
<comma> ::= ,
<minus sign> ::= -
<period> ::= .
<solidus> ::= /
<colon> ::= :
<semicolon> ::= ;
<less than operator> ::= <
<equals operator> ::= =
<greater than operator> ::= >
<question mark> ::= ?
<left bracket> ::= [
<right bracket> ::= ]
<circumflex> ::= ^
<underscore> ::= _
<vertical bar> ::= |
<left brace> ::= {
<right brace> ::= }
--hr
--h2 Literal Numbers, Strings, Dates and Times
--/h2
--p
--small
--i <SQL-client module definition> modified per ISO 9075:1999/Cor.1:2000(E)
--/i
--/small
--/p
<SQL-client module definition> ::=
<module name clause>
<language clause>
<module authorization clause>
[ <module path specification> ]
[ <module transform group specification> ]
[ <temporary table declaration>... ]
<module contents>...
<module name clause> ::=
MODULE [ <SQL-client module name> ] [ <module character set specification> ]
<SQL-client module name> ::= <identifier>
<identifier> ::= <actual identifier>
<actual identifier> ::= <regular identifier> | <delimited identifier>
<regular identifier> ::= <identifier body>
--p
--small
--i <identifier body> modified per ISO 9075:1999/Cor.1:2000(E).
--/i
--/p
--p
--i <identifier body> also rationalized by removing curly brackets
around <identifier part> because they are unnecessary and inconsistent
with other places where '...' modifies a single non-terminal.
--/i
--/small
--/small
--/p
<identifier body> ::= <identifier start> [ <identifier part>... ]
<identifier start> ::= <initial alphabetic character> | <ideographic character>
<initial alphabetic character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<ideographic character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<identifier part> ::=
<alphabetic character>
| <ideographic character>
| <decimal digit character>
| <identifier combining character>
| <underscore>
| <alternate underscore>
| <extender character>
| <identifier ignorable character>
| <connector character>
<alphabetic character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<decimal digit character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<identifier combining character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<alternate underscore> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<extender character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<identifier ignorable character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<connector character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<delimited identifier> ::= <double quote> <delimited identifier body> <double quote>
<delimited identifier body> ::= <delimited identifier part>...
<delimited identifier part> ::= <nondoublequote character> | <doublequote symbol>
<nondoublequote character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
--p
--small
--i
Note that the two successive double quote characters must have no other
character (such as a space) between them.
The lexical analyzer would normally deal with this sort of issue.
--/i
--/small
--/p
<doublequote symbol> ::= <double quote> <double quote>
<module character set specification> ::= NAMES ARE <character set specification>
<character set specification> ::=
<standard character set name>
| <implementation-defined character set name>
| <user-defined character set name>
<standard character set name> ::= <character set name>
<character set name> ::= [ <schema name> <period> ] <SQL language identifier>
<schema name> ::= [ <catalog name> <period> ] <unqualified schema name>
<catalog name> ::= <identifier>
<unqualified schema name> ::= <identifier>
<SQL language identifier> ::=
<SQL language identifier start> [ { <underscore> | <SQL language identifier part> }... ]
<SQL language identifier start> ::= <simple Latin letter>
<SQL language identifier part> ::= <simple Latin letter> | <digit>
<implementation-defined character set name> ::= <character set name>
<user-defined character set name> ::= <character set name>
<language clause> ::= LANGUAGE <language name>
<language name> ::= ADA | C | COBOL | FORTRAN | MUMPS | PASCAL | PLI | SQL
--@@ This module authorization clause is superceded by a variant from 9075-5 SQL/Bindings.
--@@ <module authorization clause> ::=
--@@ SCHEMA <schema name>
--@@ | AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier>
--@@ | SCHEMA <schema name> AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier>
<module authorization identifier> ::= <authorization identifier>
<authorization identifier> ::= <role name> | <user identifier>
<role name> ::= <identifier>
<user identifier> ::= <identifier>
<module path specification> ::= <path specification>
<path specification> ::= PATH <schema name list>
<schema name list> ::= <schema name> [ { <comma> <schema name> }... ]
<module transform group specification> ::= <transform group specification>
<transform group specification> ::=
TRANSFORM GROUP { <single group specification> | <multiple group specification> }
<single group specification> ::= <group name>
<group name> ::= <identifier>
<multiple group specification> ::= <group specification> [ { <comma> <group specification> }... ]
<group specification> ::= <group name> FOR TYPE <user-defined type>
<user-defined type> ::= <user-defined type name>
<user-defined type name> ::= <schema qualified type name>
<schema qualified type name> ::= [ <schema name> <period> ] <qualified identifier>
<qualified identifier> ::= <identifier>
<temporary table declaration> ::=
DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE <table name>
<table element list>
[ ON COMMIT <table commit action> ROWS ]
<table name> ::= <local or schema qualified name>
<local or schema qualified name> ::= [ <local or schema qualifier> <period> ] <qualified identifier>
<local or schema qualifier> ::= <schema name> | MODULE
<table element list> ::=
<left paren> <table element> [ { <comma> <table element> }... ] <right paren>
<table element> ::=
<column definition>
| <table constraint definition>
| <like clause>
| <self-referencing column specification>
| <column options>
<column definition> ::=
<column name>
{ <data type> | <domain name> }
[ <reference scope check> ]
[ <default clause> ]
[ <column constraint definition>... ]
[ <collate clause> ]
<column name> ::= <identifier>
--hr
--h2 Data Types
--/h2
<data type> ::=
<predefined type>
| <row type>
| <user-defined type>
| <reference type>
| <collection type>
<predefined type> ::=
<character string type> [ CHARACTER SET <character set specification> ]
| <national character string type>
| <binary large object string type>
| <bit string type>
| <numeric type>
| <boolean type>
| <datetime type>
| <interval type>
<character string type> ::=
CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| VARCHAR <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT [ <left paren> <large object length> <right paren> ]
| CHAR LARGE OBJECT [ <left paren> <large object length> <right paren> ]
| CLOB [ <left paren> <large object length> <right paren> ]
<length> ::= <unsigned integer>
<unsigned integer> ::= <digit>...
<large object length> ::= <unsigned integer> [ <multiplier> ] | <large object length token>
<multiplier> ::= K | M | G
<large object length token> ::= <digit>... <multiplier>
<national character string type> ::=
NATIONAL CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| NATIONAL CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| NCHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| NATIONAL CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| NCHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| NATIONAL CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT [ <left paren> <large object length> <right paren> ]
| NCHAR LARGE OBJECT [ <left paren> <large object length> <right paren> ]
| NCLOB [ <left paren> <large object length> <right paren> ]
<binary large object string type> ::=
BINARY LARGE OBJECT [ <left paren> <large object length> <right paren> ]
| BLOB [ <left paren> <large object length> <right paren> ]
<bit string type> ::=
BIT [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| BIT VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
<numeric type> ::= <exact numeric type> | <approximate numeric type>
<exact numeric type> ::=
NUMERIC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
| DECIMAL [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
| DEC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
| INTEGER
| INT
| SMALLINT
<precision> ::= <unsigned integer>
<scale> ::= <unsigned integer>
<approximate numeric type> ::=
FLOAT [ <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ]
| REAL
| DOUBLE PRECISION
<boolean type> ::= BOOLEAN
<datetime type> ::=
DATE
| TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ] [ <with or without time zone> ]
| TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ] [ <with or without time zone> ]
<time precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision>
<time fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer>
<with or without time zone> ::= WITH TIME ZONE | WITHOUT TIME ZONE
<timestamp precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision>
<interval type> ::= INTERVAL <interval qualifier>
<interval qualifier> ::= <start field> TO <end field> | <single datetime field>
<start field> ::=
<non-second primary datetime field> [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ]
<non-second primary datetime field> ::= YEAR | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE
<interval leading field precision> ::= <unsigned integer>
<end field> ::=
<non-second primary datetime field>
| SECOND [ <left paren> <interval fractional seconds precision> <right paren> ]
<interval fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer>
<single datetime field> ::=
<non-second primary datetime field> [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ]
| SECOND [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> [ <comma> <interval fractional seconds precision> ] <right paren> ]
<row type> ::= ROW <row type body>
<row type body> ::= <left paren> <field definition> [ { <comma> <field definition> }... ] <right paren>
<field definition> ::= <field name> <data type> [ <reference scope check> ] [ <collate clause> ]
<field name> ::= <identifier>
<reference scope check> ::=
REFERENCES ARE [ NOT ] CHECKED [ ON DELETE <reference scope check action> ]
<reference scope check action> ::= <referential action>
<referential action> ::=
CASCADE
| SET NULL
| SET DEFAULT
| RESTRICT
| NO ACTION
<collate clause> ::= COLLATE <collation name>
<collation name> ::= <schema qualified name>
<schema qualified name> ::= [ <schema name> <period> ] <qualified identifier>
<reference type> ::= REF <left paren> <referenced type> <right paren> [ <scope clause> ]
<referenced type> ::= <user-defined type>
<scope clause> ::= SCOPE <table name>
<collection type> ::= <data type> <array specification>
<array specification> ::=
<collection type constructor> <left bracket or trigraph> <unsigned integer> <right bracket or trigraph>
<collection type constructor> ::= ARRAY
<left bracket or trigraph> ::= <left bracket> | <left bracket trigraph>
--p
--small
--i
The trigraphs are strictly sequences of characters, not sequences of tokens.
There may not be any spaces between the characters.
Normally, the lexical analyzer would return the trigraphs as a simple symbol.
--/i
--/small
--/p
<left bracket trigraph> ::= <question mark> <question mark> <left paren>
<right bracket or trigraph> ::= <right bracket> | <right bracket trigraph>
<right bracket trigraph> ::= <question mark> <question mark> <right paren>
<domain name> ::= <schema qualified name>
<default clause> ::= DEFAULT <default option>
<default option> ::=
<literal>
| <datetime value function>
| USER
| CURRENT_USER
| CURRENT_ROLE
| SESSION_USER
| SYSTEM_USER
| CURRENT_PATH
| <implicitly typed value specification>
--hr
--h2 Literals
--/h2
<literal> ::= <signed numeric literal> | <general literal>
<signed numeric literal> ::= [ <sign> ] <unsigned numeric literal>
<sign> ::= <plus sign> | <minus sign>
<unsigned numeric literal> ::= <exact numeric literal> | <approximate numeric literal>
<exact numeric literal> ::=
<unsigned integer> [ <period> [ <unsigned integer> ] ]
| <period> <unsigned integer>
<approximate numeric literal> ::= <mantissa> E <exponent>
<mantissa> ::= <exact numeric literal>
<exponent> ::= <signed integer>
<signed integer> ::= [ <sign> ] <unsigned integer>
<general literal> ::=
<character string literal>
| <national character string literal>
| <bit string literal>
| <hex string literal>
| <binary string literal>
| <datetime literal>
| <interval literal>
| <boolean literal>
<character string literal> ::=
[ <introducer><character set specification> ]
<quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote>
[ { <separator> <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> }... ]
<introducer> ::= <underscore>
<character representation> ::= <nonquote character> | <quote symbol>
<nonquote character> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules.)
--p
--small
--i
The <quote symbol> rule consists of two immediately adjacent <quote>
marks with no spaces.
As usual, this would be best handled in the lexical analyzer, not in the
grammar.
--/i
--/small
--/p
<quote symbol> ::= <quote><quote>
<separator> ::= { <comment> | <white space> }...
<comment> ::= <simple comment> | <bracketed comment>
<simple comment> ::= <simple comment introducer> [ <comment character>... ] <newline>
<simple comment introducer> ::= <minus sign><minus sign> [ <minus sign>... ]
<comment character> ::= <nonquote character> | <quote>
<newline> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
--p
--small
--i
The <bracketed comment> rule included '!! (See the Syntax Rules)'.
This probably says something about the <slash> <asterisk> and <asterisk>
<slash> needing to be adjacent characters rather than adjacent tokens.
--/i
--/small
--/p
<bracketed comment> ::=
<bracketed comment introducer> <bracketed comment contents> <bracketed comment terminator>
<bracketed comment introducer> ::= <slash> <asterisk>
<bracketed comment contents> ::= [ { <comment character> | <separator> }... ]
<bracketed comment terminator> ::= <asterisk> <slash>
<white space> ::= !! (See the Syntax Rules)
<national character string literal> ::=
N <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote>
[ { <separator> <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> }... ]
<bit string literal> ::=
B <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote>
[ { <separator> <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote> }... ]
<bit> ::= 0 | 1
<hex string literal> ::=
X <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote>
[ { <separator> <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote> }... ]
<hexit> ::= <digit> | A | B | C | D | E | F | a | b | c | d | e | f
<binary string literal> ::=
X <quote> [ { <hexit> <hexit> }... ] <quote>
[ { <separator> <quote> [ { <hexit> <hexit> }... ] <quote> }... ]
<datetime literal> ::= <date literal> | <time literal> | <timestamp literal>
<date literal> ::= DATE <date string>
<date string> ::= <quote> <unquoted date string> <quote>
<unquoted date string> ::= <date value>
<date value> ::= <years value> <minus sign> <months value> <minus sign> <days value>
<years value> ::= <datetime value>
<datetime value> ::= <unsigned integer>
<months value> ::= <datetime value>
<days value> ::= <datetime value>
<time literal> ::= TIME <time string>
<time string> ::= <quote> <unquoted time string> <quote>
<unquoted time string> ::= <time value> [ <time zone interval> ]
<time value> ::= <hours value> <colon> <minutes value> <colon> <seconds value>
<hours value> ::= <datetime value>
<minutes value> ::= <datetime value>
<seconds value> ::= <seconds integer value> [ <period> [ <seconds fraction> ] ]
<seconds integer value> ::= <unsigned integer>
<seconds fraction> ::= <unsigned integer>
<time zone interval> ::= <sign> <hours value> <colon> <minutes value>
<timestamp literal> ::= TIMESTAMP <timestamp string>
<timestamp string> ::= <quote> <unquoted timestamp string> <quote>
<unquoted timestamp string> ::= <unquoted date string> <space> <unquoted time string>
<interval literal> ::= INTERVAL [ <sign> ] <interval string> <interval qualifier>
<interval string> ::= <quote> <unquoted interval string> <quote>
<unquoted interval string> ::= [ <sign> ] { <year-month literal> | <day-time literal> }
<year-month literal> ::= <years value> | [ <years value> <minus sign> ] <months value>
<day-time literal> ::= <day-time interval> | <time interval>
<day-time interval> ::=
<days value> [ <space> <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ] ]
<time interval> ::=
<hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ]
| <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ]
| <seconds value>
<boolean literal> ::= TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN
<datetime value function> ::=
<current date value function>
| <current time value function>
| <current timestamp value function>
| <current local time value function>
| <current local timestamp value function>
<current date value function> ::= CURRENT_DATE
<current time value function> ::=
CURRENT_TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ]
<current timestamp value function> ::=
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ]
<current local time value function> ::=
LOCALTIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ]
<current local timestamp value function> ::=
LOCALTIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ]
<implicitly typed value specification> ::= <null specification> | <empty specification>
<null specification> ::= NULL
<empty specification> ::= ARRAY <left bracket or trigraph> <right bracket or trigraph>
--hr
--h2 Constraints
--/h2
<column constraint definition> ::=
[ <constraint name definition> ] <column constraint> [ <constraint characteristics> ]
<constraint name definition> ::= CONSTRAINT <constraint name>
<constraint name> ::= <schema qualified name>
<column constraint> ::=
NOT NULL
| <unique specification>
| <references specification>
| <check constraint definition>
<unique specification> ::= UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY
<references specification> ::=
REFERENCES <referenced table and columns>
[ MATCH <match type> ] [ <referential triggered action> ]
<referenced table and columns> ::=
<table name> [ <left paren> <reference column list> <right paren> ]
<reference column list> ::= <column name list>
<column name list> ::= <column name> [ { <comma> <column name> }... ]
<match type> ::= FULL | PARTIAL | SIMPLE
<referential triggered action> ::=
<update rule> [ <delete rule> ]
| <delete rule> [ <update rule> ]
<update rule> ::= ON UPDATE <referential action>
<delete rule> ::= ON DELETE <referential action>
<check constraint definition> ::= CHECK <left paren> <search condition> <right paren>
--hr
--h2 Search Condition
--/h2
<search condition> ::= <boolean value expression>
<boolean value expression> ::=
<boolean term>
| <boolean value expression> OR <boolean term>
<boolean term> ::=
<boolean factor>
| <boolean term> AND <boolean factor>
<boolean factor> ::= [ NOT ] <boolean test>
<boolean test> ::= <boolean primary> [ IS [ NOT ] <truth value> ]
<boolean primary> ::=
<predicate>
| <parenthesized boolean value expression>
| <nonparenthesized value expression primary>
<predicate> ::=
<comparison predicate>
| <between predicate>
| <in predicate>
| <like predicate>
| <null predicate>
| <quantified comparison predicate>
| <exists predicate>
| <unique predicate>
| <match predicate>