Panda .ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Panda"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### This notebook is created for my learning Panda with the help of course provide by Kaggle "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Topic 1 : Creating, Reading and Writing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Import Pandas library\n",
    "\n",
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "There are two core objective in pandas:\n",
    " * Data frame\n",
    " * Series\n",
    " \n",
    "#### Data Frame\n",
    " Tables structure with rows and column\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Series\n",
    " * Sequence of data values\n",
    " * its a Series is a list\n",
    " * Series is a single column of a DataFrame\n",
    " * Assign column values to the Series the same way as before, using an index parameter\n",
    " * However, a Series does not have a column name, it only has one overall name\n",
    " "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Creating Data Frame"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>yes</th>\n",
       "      <th>no</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   yes  no\n",
       "0    5   3\n",
       "1    6   4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.DataFrame({'yes':[5,6],\"no\":[3,4]})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>yes</th>\n",
       "      <th>no</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Respose 1</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Respose 2</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "           yes  no\n",
       "Respose 1    5   3\n",
       "Respose 2    6   4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# with index define\n",
    "pd.DataFrame({'yes':[5,6],\"no\":[3,4]},index=[\"Respose 1\",\"Respose 2\"])\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Creating Series"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     1\n",
       "1    23\n",
       "2    33\n",
       "3     4\n",
       "4    56\n",
       "5     7\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series([1,23,33,4,56,7])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "val1      1\n",
       "val2     23\n",
       "val3    345\n",
       "val4    456\n",
       "Name: ValuesList, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pd.Series([1,23,345,456],index=[\"val1\",\"val2\",\"val3\",\"val4\"],name=\"ValuesList\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Reading Data "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Wine review Source Kaggle\n",
    "# Assign first col as index \n",
    "wine_reviews = pd.read_csv(\"./data/winemag-data_first150k.csv\",index_col=0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(150930, 10)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Shape of data to check the size of file\n",
    "wine_reviews.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Martha's Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>235.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Heitz</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northern Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tinta de Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bodega Carmen Rodríguez</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Special Selected Late Harvest</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Knights Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sonoma</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sauvignon Blanc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Macauley</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ponzi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...</td>\n",
       "      <td>La Brûlade</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandol</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence red blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Domaine de la Bégude</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  country                                        description  \\\n",
       "0      US  This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...   \n",
       "1   Spain  Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...   \n",
       "2      US  Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...   \n",
       "3      US  This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...   \n",
       "4  France  This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                            designation  points  price        province  \\\n",
       "0                     Martha's Vineyard      96  235.0      California   \n",
       "1  Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva      96  110.0  Northern Spain   \n",
       "2         Special Selected Late Harvest      96   90.0      California   \n",
       "3                               Reserve      96   65.0          Oregon   \n",
       "4                            La Brûlade      95   66.0        Provence   \n",
       "\n",
       "            region_1           region_2             variety  \\\n",
       "0        Napa Valley               Napa  Cabernet Sauvignon   \n",
       "1               Toro                NaN       Tinta de Toro   \n",
       "2     Knights Valley             Sonoma     Sauvignon Blanc   \n",
       "3  Willamette Valley  Willamette Valley          Pinot Noir   \n",
       "4             Bandol                NaN  Provence red blend   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    winery  \n",
       "0                    Heitz  \n",
       "1  Bodega Carmen Rodríguez  \n",
       "2                 Macauley  \n",
       "3                    Ponzi  \n",
       "4     Domaine de la Bégude  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# screening the data\n",
    "wine_reviews.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Saving to csv\n",
    "dataCsv =pd.DataFrame({'yes':[5,6],\"no\":[3,4]},index=[\"Respose 1\",\"Respose 2\"])\n",
    "\n",
    "dataCsv.to_csv(\"Savefile.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Topic 2 : Index,Selecting & Assigning"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* Column : Access the property of an object by accessing it as an attribute."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0             US\n",
       "1          Spain\n",
       "2             US\n",
       "3             US\n",
       "4         France\n",
       "           ...  \n",
       "150925     Italy\n",
       "150926    France\n",
       "150927     Italy\n",
       "150928    France\n",
       "150929     Italy\n",
       "Name: country, Length: 150930, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.country"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " * We can asses its values using the indexing operator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0             US\n",
       "1          Spain\n",
       "2             US\n",
       "3             US\n",
       "4         France\n",
       "           ...  \n",
       "150925     Italy\n",
       "150926    France\n",
       "150927     Italy\n",
       "150928    France\n",
       "150929     Italy\n",
       "Name: country, Length: 150930, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews[\"country\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'US'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.country[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'US'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews['country'][0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Indexing "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Index based selection\n",
    "* First row then column (This is the opposite of what we do in native Python, which is column-first, row-second)\n",
    "* iloc : on its numeric positions \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "country                                                       US\n",
       "description    This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...\n",
       "designation                                    Martha's Vineyard\n",
       "points                                                        96\n",
       "price                                                        235\n",
       "province                                              California\n",
       "region_1                                             Napa Valley\n",
       "region_2                                                    Napa\n",
       "variety                                       Cabernet Sauvignon\n",
       "winery                                                     Heitz\n",
       "Name: 0, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.iloc[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1    Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...\n",
       "2    Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...\n",
       "Name: description, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.iloc[[1,2],1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Label-Based Selection\n",
    " * .loc: the data index value, not its position"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'US'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.loc[0,\"country\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "country                                                       US\n",
       "description    This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...\n",
       "designation                                    Martha's Vineyard\n",
       "points                                                        96\n",
       "price                                                        235\n",
       "province                                              California\n",
       "region_1                                             Napa Valley\n",
       "region_2                                                    Napa\n",
       "variety                                       Cabernet Sauvignon\n",
       "winery                                                     Heitz\n",
       "Name: 0, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.loc[0,:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* iloc uses the Python stdlib indexing scheme, where the first element of the range is included and the last one excluded.So 0:10 will select entries 0,...,9. \n",
    "* loc, meanwhile, indexes inclusively. So 0:10 will select entries 0,...,10.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Manipulation Index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>US</th>\n",
       "      <td>This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Martha's Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>235.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Heitz</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Spain</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northern Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tinta de Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bodega Carmen Rodríguez</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>US</th>\n",
       "      <td>Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Special Selected Late Harvest</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Knights Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sonoma</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sauvignon Blanc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Macauley</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>US</th>\n",
       "      <td>This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ponzi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>France</th>\n",
       "      <td>This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...</td>\n",
       "      <td>La Brûlade</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandol</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence red blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Domaine de la Bégude</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Italy</th>\n",
       "      <td>Many people feel Fiano represents southern Ita...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Southern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiano di Avellino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>White Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Feudi di San Gregorio</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>France</th>\n",
       "      <td>Offers an intriguing nose with ginger, lime an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cuvée Prestige</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>H.Germain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Italy</th>\n",
       "      <td>This classic example comes from a cru vineyard...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Terre di Dora</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Southern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiano di Avellino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>White Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Terredora</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>France</th>\n",
       "      <td>A perfect salmon shade, with scents of peaches...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Grand Brut Rosé</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gosset</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Italy</th>\n",
       "      <td>More Pinot Grigios should taste like this. A r...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northeastern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alto Adige</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Grigio</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alois Lageder</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>150930 rows × 9 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                               description  \\\n",
       "country                                                      \n",
       "US       This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...   \n",
       "Spain    Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...   \n",
       "US       Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...   \n",
       "US       This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...   \n",
       "France   This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...   \n",
       "...                                                    ...   \n",
       "Italy    Many people feel Fiano represents southern Ita...   \n",
       "France   Offers an intriguing nose with ginger, lime an...   \n",
       "Italy    This classic example comes from a cru vineyard...   \n",
       "France   A perfect salmon shade, with scents of peaches...   \n",
       "Italy    More Pinot Grigios should taste like this. A r...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                  designation  points  price  \\\n",
       "country                                                        \n",
       "US                          Martha's Vineyard      96  235.0   \n",
       "Spain    Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva      96  110.0   \n",
       "US              Special Selected Late Harvest      96   90.0   \n",
       "US                                    Reserve      96   65.0   \n",
       "France                             La Brûlade      95   66.0   \n",
       "...                                       ...     ...    ...   \n",
       "Italy                                     NaN      91   20.0   \n",
       "France                         Cuvée Prestige      91   27.0   \n",
       "Italy                           Terre di Dora      91   20.0   \n",
       "France                        Grand Brut Rosé      90   52.0   \n",
       "Italy                                     NaN      90   15.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   province           region_1           region_2  \\\n",
       "country                                                             \n",
       "US               California        Napa Valley               Napa   \n",
       "Spain        Northern Spain               Toro                NaN   \n",
       "US               California     Knights Valley             Sonoma   \n",
       "US                   Oregon  Willamette Valley  Willamette Valley   \n",
       "France             Provence             Bandol                NaN   \n",
       "...                     ...                ...                ...   \n",
       "Italy        Southern Italy  Fiano di Avellino                NaN   \n",
       "France            Champagne          Champagne                NaN   \n",
       "Italy        Southern Italy  Fiano di Avellino                NaN   \n",
       "France            Champagne          Champagne                NaN   \n",
       "Italy    Northeastern Italy         Alto Adige                NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    variety                   winery  \n",
       "country                                               \n",
       "US       Cabernet Sauvignon                    Heitz  \n",
       "Spain         Tinta de Toro  Bodega Carmen Rodríguez  \n",
       "US          Sauvignon Blanc                 Macauley  \n",
       "US               Pinot Noir                    Ponzi  \n",
       "France   Provence red blend     Domaine de la Bégude  \n",
       "...                     ...                      ...  \n",
       "Italy           White Blend    Feudi di San Gregorio  \n",
       "France      Champagne Blend                H.Germain  \n",
       "Italy           White Blend                Terredora  \n",
       "France      Champagne Blend                   Gosset  \n",
       "Italy          Pinot Grigio            Alois Lageder  \n",
       "\n",
       "[150930 rows x 9 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.set_index(\"country\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### Q : If wine is italian or not"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elegance, complexity and structure come togeth...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ronco della Chiesa</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northeastern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Collio</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Friulano</td>\n",
       "      <td>Borgo del Tiglio</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Underbrush, scorched earth, menthol and plum s...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vigna Piaggia</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuscany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brunello di Montalcino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sangiovese</td>\n",
       "      <td>Abbadia Ardenga</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Forest floor, tilled soil, mature berry and a ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riserva</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuscany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brunello di Montalcino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sangiovese</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carillon</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Aromas of forest floor, violet, red berry and ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuscany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vino Nobile di Montepulciano</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sangiovese</td>\n",
       "      <td>Avignonesi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>This has a charming nose that boasts rose, vio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuscany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chianti Classico</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sangiovese</td>\n",
       "      <td>Casina di Cornia</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   country                                        description  \\\n",
       "10   Italy  Elegance, complexity and structure come togeth...   \n",
       "32   Italy  Underbrush, scorched earth, menthol and plum s...   \n",
       "35   Italy  Forest floor, tilled soil, mature berry and a ...   \n",
       "37   Italy  Aromas of forest floor, violet, red berry and ...   \n",
       "38   Italy  This has a charming nose that boasts rose, vio...   \n",
       "\n",
       "           designation  points  price            province  \\\n",
       "10  Ronco della Chiesa      95   80.0  Northeastern Italy   \n",
       "32       Vigna Piaggia      90    NaN             Tuscany   \n",
       "35             Riserva      90  135.0             Tuscany   \n",
       "37                 NaN      90   29.0             Tuscany   \n",
       "38                 NaN      90   23.0             Tuscany   \n",
       "\n",
       "                        region_1 region_2     variety            winery  \n",
       "10                        Collio      NaN    Friulano  Borgo del Tiglio  \n",
       "32        Brunello di Montalcino      NaN  Sangiovese   Abbadia Ardenga  \n",
       "35        Brunello di Montalcino      NaN  Sangiovese          Carillon  \n",
       "37  Vino Nobile di Montepulciano      NaN  Sangiovese        Avignonesi  \n",
       "38              Chianti Classico      NaN  Sangiovese  Casina di Cornia  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.loc[wine_reviews.country==\"Italy\"].head() #head rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Q if wine is italian or not AND points at least 90"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elegance, complexity and structure come togeth...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ronco della Chiesa</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northeastern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Collio</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Friulano</td>\n",
       "      <td>Borgo del Tiglio</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Underbrush, scorched earth, menthol and plum s...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vigna Piaggia</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuscany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brunello di Montalcino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sangiovese</td>\n",
       "      <td>Abbadia Ardenga</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Forest floor, tilled soil, mature berry and a ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riserva</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuscany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brunello di Montalcino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sangiovese</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carillon</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Aromas of forest floor, violet, red berry and ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuscany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vino Nobile di Montepulciano</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sangiovese</td>\n",
       "      <td>Avignonesi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>This has a charming nose that boasts rose, vio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuscany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chianti Classico</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sangiovese</td>\n",
       "      <td>Casina di Cornia</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   country                                        description  \\\n",
       "10   Italy  Elegance, complexity and structure come togeth...   \n",
       "32   Italy  Underbrush, scorched earth, menthol and plum s...   \n",
       "35   Italy  Forest floor, tilled soil, mature berry and a ...   \n",
       "37   Italy  Aromas of forest floor, violet, red berry and ...   \n",
       "38   Italy  This has a charming nose that boasts rose, vio...   \n",
       "\n",
       "           designation  points  price            province  \\\n",
       "10  Ronco della Chiesa      95   80.0  Northeastern Italy   \n",
       "32       Vigna Piaggia      90    NaN             Tuscany   \n",
       "35             Riserva      90  135.0             Tuscany   \n",
       "37                 NaN      90   29.0             Tuscany   \n",
       "38                 NaN      90   23.0             Tuscany   \n",
       "\n",
       "                        region_1 region_2     variety            winery  \n",
       "10                        Collio      NaN    Friulano  Borgo del Tiglio  \n",
       "32        Brunello di Montalcino      NaN  Sangiovese   Abbadia Ardenga  \n",
       "35        Brunello di Montalcino      NaN  Sangiovese          Carillon  \n",
       "37  Vino Nobile di Montepulciano      NaN  Sangiovese        Avignonesi  \n",
       "38              Chianti Classico      NaN  Sangiovese  Casina di Cornia  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.loc[(wine_reviews.country==\"Italy\") & (wine_reviews.points >= 90)].head() # head row"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Suppose we'll buy any wine that's made in Italy or which is rated above average. For this we use a pipe (|)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>description</th>\n",
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       "      <th>points</th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Martha's Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>235.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Heitz</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northern Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tinta de Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bodega Carmen Rodríguez</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Special Selected Late Harvest</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Knights Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sonoma</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sauvignon Blanc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Macauley</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ponzi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...</td>\n",
       "      <td>La Brûlade</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandol</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence red blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Domaine de la Bégude</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  country                                        description  \\\n",
       "0      US  This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...   \n",
       "1   Spain  Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...   \n",
       "2      US  Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...   \n",
       "3      US  This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...   \n",
       "4  France  This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                            designation  points  price        province  \\\n",
       "0                     Martha's Vineyard      96  235.0      California   \n",
       "1  Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva      96  110.0  Northern Spain   \n",
       "2         Special Selected Late Harvest      96   90.0      California   \n",
       "3                               Reserve      96   65.0          Oregon   \n",
       "4                            La Brûlade      95   66.0        Provence   \n",
       "\n",
       "            region_1           region_2             variety  \\\n",
       "0        Napa Valley               Napa  Cabernet Sauvignon   \n",
       "1               Toro                NaN       Tinta de Toro   \n",
       "2     Knights Valley             Sonoma     Sauvignon Blanc   \n",
       "3  Willamette Valley  Willamette Valley          Pinot Noir   \n",
       "4             Bandol                NaN  Provence red blend   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    winery  \n",
       "0                    Heitz  \n",
       "1  Bodega Carmen Rodríguez  \n",
       "2                 Macauley  \n",
       "3                    Ponzi  \n",
       "4     Domaine de la Bégude  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.loc[(wine_reviews.country==\"Italy\") | (wine_reviews.points >= 90)].head() # head rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...</td>\n",
       "      <td>La Brûlade</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandol</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence red blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Domaine de la Bégude</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elegance, complexity and structure come togeth...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ronco della Chiesa</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northeastern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Collio</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Friulano</td>\n",
       "      <td>Borgo del Tiglio</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>This wine is in peak condition. The tannins an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Château Montus Prestige</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Southwest France</td>\n",
       "      <td>Madiran</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tannat</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vignobles Brumont</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>Coming from a seven-acre vineyard named after ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Le Pigeonnier</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>290.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Southwest France</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cahors</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malbec</td>\n",
       "      <td>Château Lagrézette</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Underbrush, scorched earth, menthol and plum s...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vigna Piaggia</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tuscany</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brunello di Montalcino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sangiovese</td>\n",
       "      <td>Abbadia Ardenga</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   country                                        description  \\\n",
       "4   France  This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...   \n",
       "10   Italy  Elegance, complexity and structure come togeth...   \n",
       "13  France  This wine is in peak condition. The tannins an...   \n",
       "18  France  Coming from a seven-acre vineyard named after ...   \n",
       "32   Italy  Underbrush, scorched earth, menthol and plum s...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                designation  points  price            province  \\\n",
       "4                La Brûlade      95   66.0            Provence   \n",
       "10       Ronco della Chiesa      95   80.0  Northeastern Italy   \n",
       "13  Château Montus Prestige      95   90.0    Southwest France   \n",
       "18            Le Pigeonnier      95  290.0    Southwest France   \n",
       "32            Vigna Piaggia      90    NaN             Tuscany   \n",
       "\n",
       "                  region_1 region_2             variety                winery  \n",
       "4                   Bandol      NaN  Provence red blend  Domaine de la Bégude  \n",
       "10                  Collio      NaN            Friulano      Borgo del Tiglio  \n",
       "13                 Madiran      NaN              Tannat     Vignobles Brumont  \n",
       "18                  Cahors      NaN              Malbec    Château Lagrézette  \n",
       "32  Brunello di Montalcino      NaN          Sangiovese       Abbadia Ardenga  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# isin  : in List \n",
    "\n",
    "wine_reviews.loc[wine_reviews.country.isin(['Italy', 'France'])].head() # head rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>New Zealand</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yields were down in 2015, but intensity is up,...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Maté's Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kumeu</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chardonnay</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kumeu River</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>Bulgaria</td>\n",
       "      <td>This Bulgarian Mavrud presents the nose with s...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bergulé</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bulgaria</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mavrud</td>\n",
       "      <td>Villa Melnik</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is an aromatic brooder with aromas of sco...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Private Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Petite Sirah</td>\n",
       "      <td>Huston</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>64</th>\n",
       "      <td>Portugal</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is a super-ripe, still very young wine. I...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alentejano</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Portuguese Red</td>\n",
       "      <td>Herdade do Rocim</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>74</th>\n",
       "      <td>Portugal</td>\n",
       "      <td>It is the ripe dark Alicante Bouschet that dom...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Premium</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alentejo</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Portuguese Red</td>\n",
       "      <td>Adega Cooperativa de Borba</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        country                                        description  \\\n",
       "25  New Zealand  Yields were down in 2015, but intensity is up,...   \n",
       "30     Bulgaria  This Bulgarian Mavrud presents the nose with s...   \n",
       "42           US  This is an aromatic brooder with aromas of sco...   \n",
       "64     Portugal  This is a super-ripe, still very young wine. I...   \n",
       "74     Portugal  It is the ripe dark Alicante Bouschet that dom...   \n",
       "\n",
       "        designation  points  price    province region_1 region_2  \\\n",
       "25  Maté's Vineyard      94   57.0       Kumeu      NaN      NaN   \n",
       "30          Bergulé      90   15.0    Bulgaria      NaN      NaN   \n",
       "42  Private Reserve      90   55.0       Idaho      NaN      NaN   \n",
       "64              NaN      91   23.0  Alentejano      NaN      NaN   \n",
       "74          Premium      91   15.0    Alentejo      NaN      NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "           variety                      winery  \n",
       "25      Chardonnay                 Kumeu River  \n",
       "30          Mavrud                Villa Melnik  \n",
       "42    Petite Sirah                      Huston  \n",
       "64  Portuguese Red            Herdade do Rocim  \n",
       "74  Portuguese Red  Adega Cooperativa de Borba  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# isnull & notnull\n",
    "\n",
    "wine_reviews.loc[wine_reviews.region_1.isnull()].head() # head rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Assign Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews['index_backwards'] = range(len(wine_reviews), 0, -1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    150930\n",
       "1    150929\n",
       "2    150928\n",
       "3    150927\n",
       "4    150926\n",
       "Name: index_backwards, dtype: int32"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.loc[:,'index_backwards'].head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
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       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "      <th>index_backwards</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2148</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Full-bodied and plush yet vibrant and imbued w...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Factor</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Barossa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shiraz</td>\n",
       "      <td>Torbreck</td>\n",
       "      <td>148782</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2458</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is a top example of the classic Australia...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Peake</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>150.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>McLaren Vale</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet-Shiraz</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hickinbotham</td>\n",
       "      <td>148472</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3033</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>This Cabernet equivalent to Grange has explode...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bin 707</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>500.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Penfolds</td>\n",
       "      <td>147897</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3044</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>From vines planted in 1912, this has been an i...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mount Edelstone Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>200.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Eden Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shiraz</td>\n",
       "      <td>Henschke</td>\n",
       "      <td>147886</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3047</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is a throwback to those brash, flavor-exu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>One</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Langhorne Creek</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Heartland</td>\n",
       "      <td>147883</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>122779</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>If Standish's Relic is the feminine side of Sh...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Standish Single Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Barossa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shiraz</td>\n",
       "      <td>Standish</td>\n",
       "      <td>28151</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>127614</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>This stellar wine takes a little time in the g...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hill of Grace</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>625.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Eden Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shiraz</td>\n",
       "      <td>Henschke</td>\n",
       "      <td>23316</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>137383</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>The 2007 Astralis impresses for its combinatio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Astralis</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>225.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clarendon</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Syrah</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clarendon Hills</td>\n",
       "      <td>13547</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150562</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>As unevolved as they are, the dense and multil...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Grange</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>185.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shiraz</td>\n",
       "      <td>Penfolds</td>\n",
       "      <td>368</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150563</th>\n",
       "      <td>Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Seamless luxury from stem to stern, this ‘baby...</td>\n",
       "      <td>RWT</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>South Australia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Barossa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shiraz</td>\n",
       "      <td>Penfolds</td>\n",
       "      <td>367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>82 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "          country                                        description  \\\n",
       "2148    Australia  Full-bodied and plush yet vibrant and imbued w...   \n",
       "2458    Australia  This is a top example of the classic Australia...   \n",
       "3033    Australia  This Cabernet equivalent to Grange has explode...   \n",
       "3044    Australia  From vines planted in 1912, this has been an i...   \n",
       "3047    Australia  This is a throwback to those brash, flavor-exu...   \n",
       "...           ...                                                ...   \n",
       "122779  Australia  If Standish's Relic is the feminine side of Sh...   \n",
       "127614  Australia  This stellar wine takes a little time in the g...   \n",
       "137383  Australia  The 2007 Astralis impresses for its combinatio...   \n",
       "150562  Australia  As unevolved as they are, the dense and multil...   \n",
       "150563  Australia  Seamless luxury from stem to stern, this ‘baby...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                         designation  points  price         province  \\\n",
       "2148                      The Factor      98  125.0  South Australia   \n",
       "2458                       The Peake      96  150.0  South Australia   \n",
       "3033                         Bin 707      95  500.0  South Australia   \n",
       "3044        Mount Edelstone Vineyard      95  200.0  South Australia   \n",
       "3047                             One      95   95.0  South Australia   \n",
       "...                              ...     ...    ...              ...   \n",
       "122779  The Standish Single Vineyard      96  135.0  South Australia   \n",
       "127614                 Hill of Grace      95  625.0  South Australia   \n",
       "137383                      Astralis      95  225.0  South Australia   \n",
       "150562                        Grange      96  185.0  South Australia   \n",
       "150563                           RWT      95   70.0  South Australia   \n",
       "\n",
       "               region_1 region_2             variety           winery  \\\n",
       "2148     Barossa Valley      NaN              Shiraz         Torbreck   \n",
       "2458       McLaren Vale      NaN     Cabernet-Shiraz     Hickinbotham   \n",
       "3033    South Australia      NaN  Cabernet Sauvignon         Penfolds   \n",
       "3044        Eden Valley      NaN              Shiraz         Henschke   \n",
       "3047    Langhorne Creek      NaN           Red Blend        Heartland   \n",
       "...                 ...      ...                 ...              ...   \n",
       "122779   Barossa Valley      NaN              Shiraz         Standish   \n",
       "127614      Eden Valley      NaN              Shiraz         Henschke   \n",
       "137383        Clarendon      NaN               Syrah  Clarendon Hills   \n",
       "150562  South Australia      NaN              Shiraz         Penfolds   \n",
       "150563   Barossa Valley      NaN              Shiraz         Penfolds   \n",
       "\n",
       "        index_backwards  \n",
       "2148             148782  \n",
       "2458             148472  \n",
       "3033             147897  \n",
       "3044             147886  \n",
       "3047             147883  \n",
       "...                 ...  \n",
       "122779            28151  \n",
       "127614            23316  \n",
       "137383            13547  \n",
       "150562              368  \n",
       "150563              367  \n",
       "\n",
       "[82 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    " # country Australia or Newsland with points at least 95\n",
    "wine_reviews.loc[(wine_reviews.country.isin([\"Australia\",\"New Zealand\"])) & (wine_reviews.points >=95)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Topic 3 : Summary, Function, Map "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Summary Function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "count    150930.000000\n",
       "mean         87.888418\n",
       "std           3.222392\n",
       "min          80.000000\n",
       "25%          86.000000\n",
       "50%          88.000000\n",
       "75%          90.000000\n",
       "max         100.000000\n",
       "Name: points, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.points.describe()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "count     150925\n",
       "unique        48\n",
       "top           US\n",
       "freq       62397\n",
       "Name: country, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.country.describe()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "87.8884184721394"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.points.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array(['US', 'Spain', 'France', 'Italy', 'New Zealand', 'Bulgaria',\n",
       "       'Argentina', 'Australia', 'Portugal', 'Israel', 'South Africa',\n",
       "       'Greece', 'Chile', 'Morocco', 'Romania', 'Germany', 'Canada',\n",
       "       'Moldova', 'Hungary', 'Austria', 'Croatia', 'Slovenia', nan,\n",
       "       'India', 'Turkey', 'Macedonia', 'Lebanon', 'Serbia', 'Uruguay',\n",
       "       'Switzerland', 'Albania', 'Bosnia and Herzegovina', 'Brazil',\n",
       "       'Cyprus', 'Lithuania', 'Japan', 'China', 'South Korea', 'Ukraine',\n",
       "       'England', 'Mexico', 'Georgia', 'Montenegro', 'Luxembourg',\n",
       "       'Slovakia', 'Czech Republic', 'Egypt', 'Tunisia', 'US-France'],\n",
       "      dtype=object)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.country.unique()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "US                        62397\n",
       "Italy                     23478\n",
       "France                    21098\n",
       "Spain                      8268\n",
       "Chile                      5816\n",
       "Argentina                  5631\n",
       "Portugal                   5322\n",
       "Australia                  4957\n",
       "New Zealand                3320\n",
       "Austria                    3057\n",
       "Germany                    2452\n",
       "South Africa               2258\n",
       "Greece                      884\n",
       "Israel                      630\n",
       "Hungary                     231\n",
       "Canada                      196\n",
       "Romania                     139\n",
       "Slovenia                     94\n",
       "Uruguay                      92\n",
       "Croatia                      89\n",
       "Bulgaria                     77\n",
       "Moldova                      71\n",
       "Mexico                       63\n",
       "Turkey                       52\n",
       "Georgia                      43\n",
       "Lebanon                      37\n",
       "Cyprus                       31\n",
       "Brazil                       25\n",
       "Macedonia                    16\n",
       "Serbia                       14\n",
       "Morocco                      12\n",
       "Luxembourg                    9\n",
       "England                       9\n",
       "India                         8\n",
       "Lithuania                     8\n",
       "Czech Republic                6\n",
       "Ukraine                       5\n",
       "Bosnia and Herzegovina        4\n",
       "Switzerland                   4\n",
       "South Korea                   4\n",
       "Slovakia                      3\n",
       "Egypt                         3\n",
       "China                         3\n",
       "Japan                         2\n",
       "Tunisia                       2\n",
       "Albania                       2\n",
       "Montenegro                    2\n",
       "US-France                     1\n",
       "Name: country, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.country.value_counts()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Maps\n",
    "\n",
    "there are two mapping method:\n",
    "* map() : should expect a single value from the Series\n",
    "* apply() : the equivalent method if we want to transform a whole DataFrame"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0         8.111582\n",
       "1         8.111582\n",
       "2         8.111582\n",
       "3         8.111582\n",
       "4         7.111582\n",
       "            ...   \n",
       "150925    3.111582\n",
       "150926    3.111582\n",
       "150927    3.111582\n",
       "150928    2.111582\n",
       "150929    2.111582\n",
       "Name: points, Length: 150930, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "meanreview=wine_reviews.points.mean()\n",
    "wine_reviews.points.map(lambda a:a - meanreview)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def remean_points(row):\n",
    "    row.points = row.points - meanreview\n",
    "    return row"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "      <th>index_backwards</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Martha's Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>235.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Heitz</td>\n",
       "      <td>150930</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northern Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tinta de Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bodega Carmen Rodríguez</td>\n",
       "      <td>150929</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Special Selected Late Harvest</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Knights Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sonoma</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sauvignon Blanc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Macauley</td>\n",
       "      <td>150928</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ponzi</td>\n",
       "      <td>150927</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...</td>\n",
       "      <td>La Brûlade</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandol</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence red blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Domaine de la Bégude</td>\n",
       "      <td>150926</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150925</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Many people feel Fiano represents southern Ita...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Southern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiano di Avellino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>White Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Feudi di San Gregorio</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150926</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>Offers an intriguing nose with ginger, lime an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cuvée Prestige</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>H.Germain</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150927</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>This classic example comes from a cru vineyard...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Terre di Dora</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Southern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiano di Avellino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>White Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Terredora</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150928</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>A perfect salmon shade, with scents of peaches...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Grand Brut Rosé</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gosset</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150929</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>More Pinot Grigios should taste like this. A r...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.111582</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northeastern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alto Adige</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Grigio</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alois Lageder</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>150930 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       country                                        description  \\\n",
       "0           US  This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...   \n",
       "1        Spain  Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...   \n",
       "2           US  Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...   \n",
       "3           US  This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...   \n",
       "4       France  This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...   \n",
       "...        ...                                                ...   \n",
       "150925   Italy  Many people feel Fiano represents southern Ita...   \n",
       "150926  France  Offers an intriguing nose with ginger, lime an...   \n",
       "150927   Italy  This classic example comes from a cru vineyard...   \n",
       "150928  France  A perfect salmon shade, with scents of peaches...   \n",
       "150929   Italy  More Pinot Grigios should taste like this. A r...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                 designation    points  price  \\\n",
       "0                          Martha's Vineyard  8.111582  235.0   \n",
       "1       Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva  8.111582  110.0   \n",
       "2              Special Selected Late Harvest  8.111582   90.0   \n",
       "3                                    Reserve  8.111582   65.0   \n",
       "4                                 La Brûlade  7.111582   66.0   \n",
       "...                                      ...       ...    ...   \n",
       "150925                                   NaN  3.111582   20.0   \n",
       "150926                        Cuvée Prestige  3.111582   27.0   \n",
       "150927                         Terre di Dora  3.111582   20.0   \n",
       "150928                       Grand Brut Rosé  2.111582   52.0   \n",
       "150929                                   NaN  2.111582   15.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "                  province           region_1           region_2  \\\n",
       "0               California        Napa Valley               Napa   \n",
       "1           Northern Spain               Toro                NaN   \n",
       "2               California     Knights Valley             Sonoma   \n",
       "3                   Oregon  Willamette Valley  Willamette Valley   \n",
       "4                 Provence             Bandol                NaN   \n",
       "...                    ...                ...                ...   \n",
       "150925      Southern Italy  Fiano di Avellino                NaN   \n",
       "150926           Champagne          Champagne                NaN   \n",
       "150927      Southern Italy  Fiano di Avellino                NaN   \n",
       "150928           Champagne          Champagne                NaN   \n",
       "150929  Northeastern Italy         Alto Adige                NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   variety                   winery  index_backwards  \n",
       "0       Cabernet Sauvignon                    Heitz           150930  \n",
       "1            Tinta de Toro  Bodega Carmen Rodríguez           150929  \n",
       "2          Sauvignon Blanc                 Macauley           150928  \n",
       "3               Pinot Noir                    Ponzi           150927  \n",
       "4       Provence red blend     Domaine de la Bégude           150926  \n",
       "...                    ...                      ...              ...  \n",
       "150925         White Blend    Feudi di San Gregorio                5  \n",
       "150926     Champagne Blend                H.Germain                4  \n",
       "150927         White Blend                Terredora                3  \n",
       "150928     Champagne Blend                   Gosset                2  \n",
       "150929        Pinot Grigio            Alois Lageder                1  \n",
       "\n",
       "[150930 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.apply(remean_points, axis='columns')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Topic 4 : Grouping  and Sorting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "country\n",
       "Albania                      2\n",
       "Argentina                 5631\n",
       "Australia                 4957\n",
       "Austria                   3057\n",
       "Bosnia and Herzegovina       4\n",
       "Name: country, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Group by \n",
    "#Groupby() created a group of COUNTRY COUNT.\n",
    "wine_reviews.groupby('country').country.count().head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "country\n",
       "Albania                                 Arbëri\n",
       "Argentina                    Matias Riccitelli\n",
       "Australia                            Moorooduc\n",
       "Austria                   Johanneshof Reinisch\n",
       "Bosnia and Herzegovina           Winery Čitluk\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# First row of each slice group \n",
    "wine_reviews.groupby('country').apply(lambda df: df.winery.iloc[0]).head() #head rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "      <th>index_backwards</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Albania</th>\n",
       "      <th>Arbëri</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albania</td>\n",
       "      <td>This garnet-colored wine made from 100% Kallme...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mirditë</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kallmet</td>\n",
       "      <td>Arbëri</td>\n",
       "      <td>146288</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\">Argentina</th>\n",
       "      <th>1919</th>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Black cherry mixes with raisin on the dark, me...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza Province</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malbec</td>\n",
       "      <td>1919</td>\n",
       "      <td>1477</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2 Copas</th>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Smells like wet dog, with sweaty red fruit. Th...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza Province</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>2 Copas</td>\n",
       "      <td>104146</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25 Lagunas</th>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharp berry and cherry aromas are like nail po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Other</td>\n",
       "      <td>San Juan</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>25 Lagunas</td>\n",
       "      <td>122333</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Achaval-Ferrer</th>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dusty cherry, wild berry and minerally aromas ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finca Bella Vista</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza Province</td>\n",
       "      <td>Luján de Cuyo</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malbec</td>\n",
       "      <td>Achaval-Ferrer</td>\n",
       "      <td>143616</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">Uruguay</th>\n",
       "      <th>Pisano Arretxea</th>\n",
       "      <td>Uruguay</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ripe aromas of raisin and cassis come with cre...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Estate Bottled Grand Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Progreso</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pisano Arretxea</td>\n",
       "      <td>142797</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Tanterra</th>\n",
       "      <td>Uruguay</td>\n",
       "      <td>There's a disjointed layer of vanilla hovering...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>San Jose</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tannat-Syrah</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tanterra</td>\n",
       "      <td>105507</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Toscanini</th>\n",
       "      <td>Uruguay</td>\n",
       "      <td>Earth, saddle leather and roasted berry aromas...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Adagio Espressivo</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Canelones</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toscanini</td>\n",
       "      <td>80771</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Vinson Richards</th>\n",
       "      <td>Uruguay</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inky and saturated in the nose, with aromas of...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Juanico</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tannat</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vinson Richards</td>\n",
       "      <td>7851</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Viñedo de los Vientos</th>\n",
       "      <td>Uruguay</td>\n",
       "      <td>Very expensive for a novelty, and without comi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Angel's Cuvée Ripasso de Tannat</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>59.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Atlantida</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tannat</td>\n",
       "      <td>Viñedo de los Vientos</td>\n",
       "      <td>80764</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>14994 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                   country  \\\n",
       "country   winery                             \n",
       "Albania   Arbëri                   Albania   \n",
       "Argentina 1919                   Argentina   \n",
       "          2 Copas                Argentina   \n",
       "          25 Lagunas             Argentina   \n",
       "          Achaval-Ferrer         Argentina   \n",
       "...                                    ...   \n",
       "Uruguay   Pisano Arretxea          Uruguay   \n",
       "          Tanterra                 Uruguay   \n",
       "          Toscanini                Uruguay   \n",
       "          Vinson Richards          Uruguay   \n",
       "          Viñedo de los Vientos    Uruguay   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                                       description  \\\n",
       "country   winery                                                                     \n",
       "Albania   Arbëri                 This garnet-colored wine made from 100% Kallme...   \n",
       "Argentina 1919                   Black cherry mixes with raisin on the dark, me...   \n",
       "          2 Copas                Smells like wet dog, with sweaty red fruit. Th...   \n",
       "          25 Lagunas             Sharp berry and cherry aromas are like nail po...   \n",
       "          Achaval-Ferrer         Dusty cherry, wild berry and minerally aromas ...   \n",
       "...                                                                            ...   \n",
       "Uruguay   Pisano Arretxea        Ripe aromas of raisin and cassis come with cre...   \n",
       "          Tanterra               There's a disjointed layer of vanilla hovering...   \n",
       "          Toscanini              Earth, saddle leather and roasted berry aromas...   \n",
       "          Vinson Richards        Inky and saturated in the nose, with aromas of...   \n",
       "          Viñedo de los Vientos  Very expensive for a novelty, and without comi...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                     designation  points  \\\n",
       "country   winery                                                           \n",
       "Albania   Arbëri                                             NaN      88   \n",
       "Argentina 1919                                               NaN      85   \n",
       "          2 Copas                                            NaN      81   \n",
       "          25 Lagunas                                         NaN      81   \n",
       "          Achaval-Ferrer                       Finca Bella Vista      93   \n",
       "...                                                          ...     ...   \n",
       "Uruguay   Pisano Arretxea           Estate Bottled Grand Reserve      88   \n",
       "          Tanterra                                           NaN      84   \n",
       "          Toscanini                            Adagio Espressivo      86   \n",
       "          Vinson Richards                                Reserve      86   \n",
       "          Viñedo de los Vientos  Angel's Cuvée Ripasso de Tannat      81   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                 price          province       region_1  \\\n",
       "country   winery                                                          \n",
       "Albania   Arbëri                  20.0           Mirditë            NaN   \n",
       "Argentina 1919                    10.0  Mendoza Province        Mendoza   \n",
       "          2 Copas                  8.0  Mendoza Province        Mendoza   \n",
       "          25 Lagunas              10.0             Other       San Juan   \n",
       "          Achaval-Ferrer         140.0  Mendoza Province  Luján de Cuyo   \n",
       "...                                ...               ...            ...   \n",
       "Uruguay   Pisano Arretxea         46.0          Progreso            NaN   \n",
       "          Tanterra                19.0          San Jose            NaN   \n",
       "          Toscanini               30.0         Canelones            NaN   \n",
       "          Vinson Richards         17.0           Juanico            NaN   \n",
       "          Viñedo de los Vientos   59.0         Atlantida            NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                region_2             variety  \\\n",
       "country   winery                                               \n",
       "Albania   Arbëri                     NaN             Kallmet   \n",
       "Argentina 1919                       NaN              Malbec   \n",
       "          2 Copas                    NaN           Red Blend   \n",
       "          25 Lagunas                 NaN  Cabernet Sauvignon   \n",
       "          Achaval-Ferrer             NaN              Malbec   \n",
       "...                                  ...                 ...   \n",
       "Uruguay   Pisano Arretxea            NaN           Red Blend   \n",
       "          Tanterra                   NaN        Tannat-Syrah   \n",
       "          Toscanini                  NaN           Red Blend   \n",
       "          Vinson Richards            NaN              Tannat   \n",
       "          Viñedo de los Vientos      NaN              Tannat   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                winery  index_backwards  \n",
       "country   winery                                                         \n",
       "Albania   Arbëri                                Arbëri           146288  \n",
       "Argentina 1919                                    1919             1477  \n",
       "          2 Copas                              2 Copas           104146  \n",
       "          25 Lagunas                        25 Lagunas           122333  \n",
       "          Achaval-Ferrer                Achaval-Ferrer           143616  \n",
       "...                                                ...              ...  \n",
       "Uruguay   Pisano Arretxea              Pisano Arretxea           142797  \n",
       "          Tanterra                            Tanterra           105507  \n",
       "          Toscanini                          Toscanini            80771  \n",
       "          Vinson Richards              Vinson Richards             7851  \n",
       "          Viñedo de los Vientos  Viñedo de los Vientos            80764  \n",
       "\n",
       "[14994 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.groupby(['country', 'winery']).apply(lambda df: df.loc[df.points.idxmax()])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Sorting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90546</th>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clean as anyone should reasonably expect given...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza Province</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malbec</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toca Diamonte</td>\n",
       "      <td>60384</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25645</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>There's a lot going on in this Merlot, which i...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>California Other</td>\n",
       "      <td>Merlot</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandit</td>\n",
       "      <td>125285</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>118347</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>Light and earthy, this wine-in-a-box is clean ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>California Other</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandit</td>\n",
       "      <td>32583</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1858</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sweet and fruity, this canned wine feels soft ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unoaked</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>California Other</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chardonnay</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pam's Cuties</td>\n",
       "      <td>149072</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>91766</th>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Crimson in color but also translucent, with a ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza Province</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malbec-Syrah</td>\n",
       "      <td>Broke Ass</td>\n",
       "      <td>59164</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "          country                                        description  \\\n",
       "90546   Argentina  Clean as anyone should reasonably expect given...   \n",
       "25645          US  There's a lot going on in this Merlot, which i...   \n",
       "118347         US  Light and earthy, this wine-in-a-box is clean ...   \n",
       "1858           US  Sweet and fruity, this canned wine feels soft ...   \n",
       "91766   Argentina  Crimson in color but also translucent, with a ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "       designation  points  price          province    region_1  \\\n",
       "90546          NaN      85    4.0  Mendoza Province     Mendoza   \n",
       "25645          NaN      86    4.0        California  California   \n",
       "118347         NaN      84    4.0        California  California   \n",
       "1858       Unoaked      83    4.0        California  California   \n",
       "91766          Red      84    4.0  Mendoza Province     Mendoza   \n",
       "\n",
       "                region_2             variety         winery  index_backwards  \n",
       "90546                NaN              Malbec  Toca Diamonte            60384  \n",
       "25645   California Other              Merlot         Bandit           125285  \n",
       "118347  California Other  Cabernet Sauvignon         Bandit            32583  \n",
       "1858    California Other          Chardonnay   Pam's Cuties           149072  \n",
       "91766                NaN        Malbec-Syrah      Broke Ass            59164  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.sort_values(by=\"price\").head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "  <thead>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
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       "      <th>province</th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34920</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>A big, powerful wine that sums up the richness...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>2300.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bordeaux</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pauillac</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bordeaux-style Red Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Château Latour</td>\n",
       "      <td>116010</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13318</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>The nose on this single-vineyard wine from a s...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Roger Rose Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Arroyo Seco</td>\n",
       "      <td>Central Coast</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chardonnay</td>\n",
       "      <td>Blair</td>\n",
       "      <td>137612</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34922</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>A massive wine for Margaux, packed with tannin...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>1900.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bordeaux</td>\n",
       "      <td>Margaux</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bordeaux-style Red Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Château Margaux</td>\n",
       "      <td>116008</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26296</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>A wine that has created its own universe. It h...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clos du Mesnil</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>1400.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chardonnay</td>\n",
       "      <td>Krug</td>\n",
       "      <td>124634</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>51886</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>A wine that has created its own universe. It h...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clos du Mesnil</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>1400.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chardonnay</td>\n",
       "      <td>Krug</td>\n",
       "      <td>99044</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      country                                        description  \\\n",
       "34920  France  A big, powerful wine that sums up the richness...   \n",
       "13318      US  The nose on this single-vineyard wine from a s...   \n",
       "34922  France  A massive wine for Margaux, packed with tannin...   \n",
       "26296  France  A wine that has created its own universe. It h...   \n",
       "51886  France  A wine that has created its own universe. It h...   \n",
       "\n",
       "               designation  points   price    province     region_1  \\\n",
       "34920                  NaN      99  2300.0    Bordeaux     Pauillac   \n",
       "13318  Roger Rose Vineyard      91  2013.0  California  Arroyo Seco   \n",
       "34922                  NaN      98  1900.0    Bordeaux      Margaux   \n",
       "26296       Clos du Mesnil     100  1400.0   Champagne    Champagne   \n",
       "51886       Clos du Mesnil     100  1400.0   Champagne    Champagne   \n",
       "\n",
       "            region_2                   variety           winery  \\\n",
       "34920            NaN  Bordeaux-style Red Blend   Château Latour   \n",
       "13318  Central Coast                Chardonnay            Blair   \n",
       "34922            NaN  Bordeaux-style Red Blend  Château Margaux   \n",
       "26296            NaN                Chardonnay             Krug   \n",
       "51886            NaN                Chardonnay             Krug   \n",
       "\n",
       "       index_backwards  \n",
       "34920           116010  \n",
       "13318           137612  \n",
       "34922           116008  \n",
       "26296           124634  \n",
       "51886            99044  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.sort_values(by=\"price\",ascending=False).head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "      <th>index_backwards</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4642</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albania</td>\n",
       "      <td>This garnet-colored wine made from 100% Kallme...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mirditë</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kallmet</td>\n",
       "      <td>Arbëri</td>\n",
       "      <td>146288</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4864</th>\n",
       "      <td>Albania</td>\n",
       "      <td>This garnet-colored wine made from 100% Kallme...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mirditë</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kallmet</td>\n",
       "      <td>Arbëri</td>\n",
       "      <td>146066</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>36716</th>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Crimson in color but also translucent, with a ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza Province</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malbec-Syrah</td>\n",
       "      <td>Broke Ass</td>\n",
       "      <td>114214</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90546</th>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clean as anyone should reasonably expect given...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza Province</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malbec</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toca Diamonte</td>\n",
       "      <td>60384</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>91766</th>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Crimson in color but also translucent, with a ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza Province</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mendoza</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malbec-Syrah</td>\n",
       "      <td>Broke Ass</td>\n",
       "      <td>59164</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         country                                        description  \\\n",
       "4642     Albania  This garnet-colored wine made from 100% Kallme...   \n",
       "4864     Albania  This garnet-colored wine made from 100% Kallme...   \n",
       "36716  Argentina  Crimson in color but also translucent, with a ...   \n",
       "90546  Argentina  Clean as anyone should reasonably expect given...   \n",
       "91766  Argentina  Crimson in color but also translucent, with a ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "      designation  points  price          province region_1 region_2  \\\n",
       "4642          NaN      88   20.0           Mirditë      NaN      NaN   \n",
       "4864          NaN      88   20.0           Mirditë      NaN      NaN   \n",
       "36716         Red      84    4.0  Mendoza Province  Mendoza      NaN   \n",
       "90546         NaN      85    4.0  Mendoza Province  Mendoza      NaN   \n",
       "91766         Red      84    4.0  Mendoza Province  Mendoza      NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "            variety         winery  index_backwards  \n",
       "4642        Kallmet         Arbëri           146288  \n",
       "4864        Kallmet         Arbëri           146066  \n",
       "36716  Malbec-Syrah      Broke Ass           114214  \n",
       "90546        Malbec  Toca Diamonte            60384  \n",
       "91766  Malbec-Syrah      Broke Ass            59164  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# sort by more than one column\n",
    "wine_reviews.sort_values(by=['country', 'price']).head()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "price\n",
       "4.0        86\n",
       "5.0        90\n",
       "6.0        90\n",
       "7.0        90\n",
       "8.0        91\n",
       "         ... \n",
       "1300.0     96\n",
       "1400.0    100\n",
       "1900.0     98\n",
       "2013.0     91\n",
       "2300.0     99\n",
       "Name: points, Length: 357, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.groupby('price').points.max().sort_index()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Topic 5 : Data Typed and Missing Values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Dtype grabs the type of a specific column "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dtype('float64')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.price.dtype"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "country             object\n",
       "description         object\n",
       "designation         object\n",
       "points               int64\n",
       "price              float64\n",
       "province            object\n",
       "region_1            object\n",
       "region_2            object\n",
       "variety             object\n",
       "winery              object\n",
       "index_backwards      int32\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# for every column\n",
    "\n",
    "wine_reviews.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0         96.0\n",
       "1         96.0\n",
       "2         96.0\n",
       "3         96.0\n",
       "4         95.0\n",
       "          ... \n",
       "150925    91.0\n",
       "150926    91.0\n",
       "150927    91.0\n",
       "150928    90.0\n",
       "150929    90.0\n",
       "Name: points, Length: 150930, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#convert type\n",
    "wine_reviews.points.astype('float64')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Missing Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* pd.isnull()\n",
    "* pd.notnull()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "      <th>index_backwards</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1133</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Delicate white flowers and a spin of lemon pee...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Askitikos</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Assyrtiko</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tsililis</td>\n",
       "      <td>149797</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1440</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>A blend of 60% Syrah, 30% Cabernet Sauvignon a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shah</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Büyülübağ</td>\n",
       "      <td>149490</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>68226</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>From first sniff to last, the nose never makes...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Piedra Feliz</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chilcas</td>\n",
       "      <td>82704</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>113016</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>From first sniff to last, the nose never makes...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Piedra Feliz</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chilcas</td>\n",
       "      <td>37914</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>135696</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>From first sniff to last, the nose never makes...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Piedra Feliz</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chilcas</td>\n",
       "      <td>15234</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       country                                        description  \\\n",
       "1133       NaN  Delicate white flowers and a spin of lemon pee...   \n",
       "1440       NaN  A blend of 60% Syrah, 30% Cabernet Sauvignon a...   \n",
       "68226      NaN  From first sniff to last, the nose never makes...   \n",
       "113016     NaN  From first sniff to last, the nose never makes...   \n",
       "135696     NaN  From first sniff to last, the nose never makes...   \n",
       "\n",
       "         designation  points  price province region_1 region_2     variety  \\\n",
       "1133       Askitikos      90   17.0      NaN      NaN      NaN   Assyrtiko   \n",
       "1440            Shah      90   30.0      NaN      NaN      NaN   Red Blend   \n",
       "68226   Piedra Feliz      81   15.0      NaN      NaN      NaN  Pinot Noir   \n",
       "113016  Piedra Feliz      81   15.0      NaN      NaN      NaN  Pinot Noir   \n",
       "135696  Piedra Feliz      81   15.0      NaN      NaN      NaN  Pinot Noir   \n",
       "\n",
       "           winery  index_backwards  \n",
       "1133     Tsililis           149797  \n",
       "1440    Büyülübağ           149490  \n",
       "68226     Chilcas            82704  \n",
       "113016    Chilcas            37914  \n",
       "135696    Chilcas            15234  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# find column with missing country\n",
    "\n",
    "wine_reviews[wine_reviews.country.isnull()].head() # Head rows "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0          Napa Valley\n",
       "1                 Toro\n",
       "2       Knights Valley\n",
       "3    Willamette Valley\n",
       "4               Bandol\n",
       "Name: region_1, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# fill null value with 'Unknown'\n",
    "wine_reviews.region_1.fillna(\"Unknown\").head() "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0       USA\n",
       "1     Spain\n",
       "2       USA\n",
       "3       USA\n",
       "4    France\n",
       "Name: country, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 63,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Replace Value\n",
    "wine_reviews.country.replace(\"US\",\"USA\").head() \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "150930"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.price.isnull().count()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.price[pd.isnull(wine_reviews.price)].count()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Unknown                                  25060\n",
       "Napa Valley                               6209\n",
       "Columbia Valley (WA)                      4975\n",
       "Mendoza                                   3586\n",
       "Russian River Valley                      3571\n",
       "                                         ...  \n",
       "Ventura County                               1\n",
       "Central Valley                               1\n",
       "San Luis Obispo-Sonoma-Monterey              1\n",
       "Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Clisson              1\n",
       "Recioto della Valpolicella Valpantena        1\n",
       "Name: region_1, Length: 1237, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 71,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.region_1.fillna('Unknown').value_counts(ascending=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Topic 6: Renaming & Combining"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Renaming "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>score</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "      <th>index_backwards</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Martha's Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>235.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Heitz</td>\n",
       "      <td>150930</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northern Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tinta de Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bodega Carmen Rodríguez</td>\n",
       "      <td>150929</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Special Selected Late Harvest</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Knights Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sonoma</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sauvignon Blanc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Macauley</td>\n",
       "      <td>150928</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ponzi</td>\n",
       "      <td>150927</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...</td>\n",
       "      <td>La Brûlade</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandol</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence red blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Domaine de la Bégude</td>\n",
       "      <td>150926</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  country                                        description  \\\n",
       "0      US  This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...   \n",
       "1   Spain  Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...   \n",
       "2      US  Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...   \n",
       "3      US  This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...   \n",
       "4  France  This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                            designation  score  price        province  \\\n",
       "0                     Martha's Vineyard     96  235.0      California   \n",
       "1  Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva     96  110.0  Northern Spain   \n",
       "2         Special Selected Late Harvest     96   90.0      California   \n",
       "3                               Reserve     96   65.0          Oregon   \n",
       "4                            La Brûlade     95   66.0        Provence   \n",
       "\n",
       "            region_1           region_2             variety  \\\n",
       "0        Napa Valley               Napa  Cabernet Sauvignon   \n",
       "1               Toro                NaN       Tinta de Toro   \n",
       "2     Knights Valley             Sonoma     Sauvignon Blanc   \n",
       "3  Willamette Valley  Willamette Valley          Pinot Noir   \n",
       "4             Bandol                NaN  Provence red blend   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    winery  index_backwards  \n",
       "0                    Heitz           150930  \n",
       "1  Bodega Carmen Rodríguez           150929  \n",
       "2                 Macauley           150928  \n",
       "3                    Ponzi           150927  \n",
       "4     Domaine de la Bégude           150926  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 73,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wine_reviews.rename(columns={'points':\"score\"}).head() # head row"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
       "      <th>price</th>\n",
       "      <th>province</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_1</th>\n",
       "      <th>region_2</th>\n",
       "      <th>variety</th>\n",
       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "      <th>index_backwards</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>firstEntry</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Martha's Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>235.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Heitz</td>\n",
       "      <td>150930</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>secondEntry</th>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northern Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tinta de Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bodega Carmen Rodríguez</td>\n",
       "      <td>150929</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Special Selected Late Harvest</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Knights Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sonoma</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sauvignon Blanc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Macauley</td>\n",
       "      <td>150928</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ponzi</td>\n",
       "      <td>150927</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...</td>\n",
       "      <td>La Brûlade</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandol</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence red blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Domaine de la Bégude</td>\n",
       "      <td>150926</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "            country                                        description  \\\n",
       "firstEntry       US  This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...   \n",
       "secondEntry   Spain  Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...   \n",
       "2                US  Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...   \n",
       "3                US  This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...   \n",
       "4            France  This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      designation  points  price  \\\n",
       "firstEntry                      Martha's Vineyard      96  235.0   \n",
       "secondEntry  Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva      96  110.0   \n",
       "2                   Special Selected Late Harvest      96   90.0   \n",
       "3                                         Reserve      96   65.0   \n",
       "4                                      La Brûlade      95   66.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   province           region_1           region_2  \\\n",
       "firstEntry       California        Napa Valley               Napa   \n",
       "secondEntry  Northern Spain               Toro                NaN   \n",
       "2                California     Knights Valley             Sonoma   \n",
       "3                    Oregon  Willamette Valley  Willamette Valley   \n",
       "4                  Provence             Bandol                NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                        variety                   winery  index_backwards  \n",
       "firstEntry   Cabernet Sauvignon                    Heitz           150930  \n",
       "secondEntry       Tinta de Toro  Bodega Carmen Rodríguez           150929  \n",
       "2               Sauvignon Blanc                 Macauley           150928  \n",
       "3                    Pinot Noir                    Ponzi           150927  \n",
       "4            Provence red blend     Domaine de la Bégude           150926  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# rename index\n",
    "wine_reviews.rename(index={0: 'firstEntry', 1: 'secondEntry'}).head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th>fields</th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>designation</th>\n",
       "      <th>points</th>\n",
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       "      <th>winery</th>\n",
       "      <th>index_backwards</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>wines</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Martha's Vineyard</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>235.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Napa</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cabernet Sauvignon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Heitz</td>\n",
       "      <td>150930</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northern Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tinta de Toro</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bodega Carmen Rodríguez</td>\n",
       "      <td>150929</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Special Selected Late Harvest</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>Knights Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sonoma</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sauvignon Blanc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Macauley</td>\n",
       "      <td>150928</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reserve</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Willamette Valley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Noir</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ponzi</td>\n",
       "      <td>150927</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...</td>\n",
       "      <td>La Brûlade</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bandol</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Provence red blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Domaine de la Bégude</td>\n",
       "      <td>150926</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150925</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Many people feel Fiano represents southern Ita...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Southern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiano di Avellino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>White Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Feudi di San Gregorio</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150926</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>Offers an intriguing nose with ginger, lime an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cuvée Prestige</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>H.Germain</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150927</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>This classic example comes from a cru vineyard...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Terre di Dora</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Southern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiano di Avellino</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>White Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Terredora</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150928</th>\n",
       "      <td>France</td>\n",
       "      <td>A perfect salmon shade, with scents of peaches...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Grand Brut Rosé</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Champagne Blend</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gosset</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>150929</th>\n",
       "      <td>Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>More Pinot Grigios should taste like this. A r...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Northeastern Italy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alto Adige</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pinot Grigio</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alois Lageder</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>150930 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "fields country                                        description  \\\n",
       "wines                                                               \n",
       "0           US  This tremendous 100% varietal wine hails from ...   \n",
       "1        Spain  Ripe aromas of fig, blackberry and cassis are ...   \n",
       "2           US  Mac Watson honors the memory of a wine once ma...   \n",
       "3           US  This spent 20 months in 30% new French oak, an...   \n",
       "4       France  This is the top wine from La Bégude, named aft...   \n",
       "...        ...                                                ...   \n",
       "150925   Italy  Many people feel Fiano represents southern Ita...   \n",
       "150926  France  Offers an intriguing nose with ginger, lime an...   \n",
       "150927   Italy  This classic example comes from a cru vineyard...   \n",
       "150928  France  A perfect salmon shade, with scents of peaches...   \n",
       "150929   Italy  More Pinot Grigios should taste like this. A r...   \n",
       "\n",
       "fields                           designation  points  price  \\\n",
       "wines                                                         \n",
       "0                          Martha's Vineyard      96  235.0   \n",
       "1       Carodorum Selección Especial Reserva      96  110.0   \n",
       "2              Special Selected Late Harvest      96   90.0   \n",
       "3                                    Reserve      96   65.0   \n",
       "4                                 La Brûlade      95   66.0   \n",
       "...                                      ...     ...    ...   \n",
       "150925                                   NaN      91   20.0   \n",
       "150926                        Cuvée Prestige      91   27.0   \n",
       "150927                         Terre di Dora      91   20.0   \n",
       "150928                       Grand Brut Rosé      90   52.0   \n",
       "150929                                   NaN      90   15.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "fields            province           region_1           region_2  \\\n",
       "wines                                                              \n",
       "0               California        Napa Valley               Napa   \n",
       "1           Northern Spain               Toro                NaN   \n",
       "2               California     Knights Valley             Sonoma   \n",
       "3                   Oregon  Willamette Valley  Willamette Valley   \n",
       "4                 Provence             Bandol                NaN   \n",
       "...                    ...                ...                ...   \n",
       "150925      Southern Italy  Fiano di Avellino                NaN   \n",
       "150926           Champagne          Champagne                NaN   \n",
       "150927      Southern Italy  Fiano di Avellino                NaN   \n",
       "150928           Champagne          Champagne                NaN   \n",
       "150929  Northeastern Italy         Alto Adige                NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "fields             variety                   winery  index_backwards  \n",
       "wines                                                                 \n",
       "0       Cabernet Sauvignon                    Heitz           150930  \n",
       "1            Tinta de Toro  Bodega Carmen Rodríguez           150929  \n",
       "2          Sauvignon Blanc                 Macauley           150928  \n",
       "3               Pinot Noir                    Ponzi           150927  \n",
       "4       Provence red blend     Domaine de la Bégude           150926  \n",
       "...                    ...                      ...              ...  \n",
       "150925         White Blend    Feudi di San Gregorio                5  \n",
       "150926     Champagne Blend                H.Germain                4  \n",
       "150927         White Blend                Terredora                3  \n",
       "150928     Champagne Blend                   Gosset                2  \n",
       "150929        Pinot Grigio            Alois Lageder                1  \n",
       "\n",
       "[150930 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 75,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## renames axis\n",
    "wine_reviews.rename_axis(\"wines\", axis='rows').rename_axis(\"fields\", axis='columns')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Combining\n",
    "\n",
    "* pd.concat([dataset1, dataset2])\n",
    "* left.join(right, lsuffix='_CAN', rsuffix='_UK')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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