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installation-steps.md

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THIS IS NOT AN INSTALLATION SCRIPT, BUT THE STEPS I FOLLOWED TO INSTALL ARCH LINUX

Source: ArchWiki (90%) --> will update source for each topic later

Stuff My Stuff
DE GNOME
GPU INTEL+NVIDIA
SWAP SWAPFILE
DRIVE SSD
SHELL ZSH
KERNEL LINUX & LINUX-LTS
EDITOR NANO
NETWORK WIFI
FILESYSTEM BTRFS
BOOTLOADER GRUB

Update the system clock

  1. timedatectl set-ntp true

Set the console keyboard layout

(default is US, so you don't have to do this)

2a. localectl list-keymaps | list <your-keyboard-layout>

Eg: localectle list-keymaps | list us

2b. loadkeys "<your-keymap>"

Eg: loadkeys "us"

Connect to the internet (wifi)

  1. iwctl This opens an interactive prompt to connect to wifi

3a. device list This lists all the wifi adapter connected

3b. station <device-name> scan

station wlan0 scan (assuming wlan0 is your adapter)

3c. station wlan0 get-networks This returns the scanned neworks near you.

3d. station wlan0 connect <SSID>

Eg: station wlan0 connect FTTH-DDC Then enter passphrase.

  1. Wait for few seconds & exit out of there by typing exit.

Partition the disks

Creating physical partition:

  1. lsblk this lists out the details of the block device connected.

  2. Use cfdisk or fdisk or something else to make your partitions.

Create a partition with more than 300MB for boot.

Create root partition

A Home partition if needed.

Swap partition if necessary, else we could use swapfile

Also create any other partitions that you need. We can use these as Local Disk D,E,F as in windows.

  1. Format the partitions with a file system.

I made a boot partition /dev/sda1 of 512MB size (your partition name/number may differ).

Made a root partition /dev/sda2 of 350GB.

Made another partition /dev/sda3 as a seperate partition for my Projects (130Gb) .

Have decided not to make a seperate HOME partition as I've got only a 480GB ssd. Eventually HOME or ROOT may want more space, so by not making a seperate HOME, i got to not physically limit HOME or ROOT, & using a seperate partition for all my Important project files.

7a. mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1 Formatting boot as EFI:

7b. mkfs.btrfs /dev/sda2 Formatting root as btrfs (butter filesystem):

7c. mkfs.btrfs -L Projects /dev/sda3 Formatting my other partition also as btrfs, also labelling the partition as "Projects":

Creating btrfs subvolumes:

  1. mount /dev/sda2 /mnt Mounting root partition into "/mnt"

  2. btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@ Make a root subvolume inside our root partition

  • if you want to use timeshft, you need to make root subvolume as @root instead of @ which is for using with snapper.
  • I don't use both, so it doesn't matter for me.

  1. btrfs su cr /mnt/@home Same command, but shortened version, create a home subvolume (because we can), & this ain't a partition with physical size defined. so...

  2. btrfs su cr /mnt/@swap We have to create a swap subvolume in btrfs to use a swapfile

  3. umount /mnt Unmount the /mnt partition that we mounted.

Mounting the subvolumes:

  1. mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home,.swap} This makes boot, home & swap directory inside the /mnt.

  2. mount -o noatime,ssd,compress=lzo,space_cache=v2,subvol=@ /dev/sda2 /mnt Mounts root subvolume into root folder.

  3. mount -o noatime,ssd,compress=lzo,space_cache=v2,subvol=@home /dev/sda2 /mnt/home Mounts home subvolume into home folder.

  4. mount -o nodatacow,subvol=@swap /dev/sda2 /mnt/.swap Mounts swap subvolume into swap folder.

  5. mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot Mounts the boot partition into the boot folder.

Installing the Base System

  1. pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-headers linux-lts linux-lts-headers linux-firmware nano intel-ucode networkmanager btrfs-progs wpa_supplicant grub efibootmgr dosfstools grub-btrfs Installs the base package needed + few extra for me.
  2. genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab This generates a fstab file to go.
  3. arch-chroot /mnt Change root to the base system install

Installation of yay binary

  • git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay-bin.git ~/yay-bin
  • cd ~/yay-bin
  • makepkg -si
  • cd ~
  • rm -rf ~/yay-bin

Create a swap file

  1. truncate -s 0 /.swap/swapfile
  2. chattr +C /.swap/swapfile
  3. btrfs property set /.swap/swapfile compression none
  4. dd if=/dev/zero of=/.swap/swapfile bs=1G count=5 status=progress This creates a swapfile of 5 Gb.
  5. chmod 600 /.swap/swapfile Sets the right permission
  6. mkswap /.swap/swapfile Format the file as swap
  7. swapon /.swap/swapfile Turn on the swap file
  8. nano /etc/fstab Edit the fstab file to add an entry for the swap file: /.swap/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0

[OPTIONAL] Add resume support for hibernation

  1. We have to pass 2 params to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT param under /etc/default/grub. For that, do the following:

31a. Find the UUID of our / from fstab by runnng cat /etc/fstab

  • Append this UUID as "resume=UUID={your_uuid}" to the end of GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT, without the quotes and curly braces, but within the quotes of the CMDLINE parameter.

31b. To find resume_offset:

  • Download the filecurl -o btrfs_map_physical https://raw.githubusercontent.com/osandov/osandov-linux/master/scripts/btrfs_map_physical.c
  • Compile it gcc -O2 -o btrfs_map_physical btrfs_map_physical.c
  • Run the file generated after compilation, pointing to our swap file: ./btrfs_map_physical /.swap/swapfile
  • It will give output similar to this:
FILE OFFSET  EXTENT TYPE  LOGICAL SIZE  LOGICAL OFFSET  PHYSICAL SIZE  DEVID  PHYSICAL OFFSET
0            regular      4096          2927632384      268435456      1      4009762816
4096         prealloc     268431360     2927636480      268431360      1      4009766912
268435456    prealloc     268435456     3251634176      268435456      1      4333764608
536870912    prealloc     268435456     3520069632      268435456      1      4602200064
805306368    prealloc     268435456     3788505088      268435456      1      4870635520
1073741824   prealloc     268435456     4056940544      268435456      1      5139070976
1342177280   prealloc     268435456     4325376000      268435456      1      5407506432
1610612736   prealloc     268435456     4593811456      268435456      1      5675941888
  • Take note of what value comes first under PHYSICAL_OFFSET, here in this example, it's 4009762816.
  • Also note the pagesize, which is the first value under LOGICAL_SIZE, here its 4096. (pagesize can also be found with getconf PAGESIZE)
  • Note down the resume_offset by dividing the PHYSICAL_OFFSET with the PAGESIZE.
  • Append this to the end of GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT as "resume_offset={your_offset}", without the quotes and curly braces, but within the quotes of the CMDLINE parameter.
  1. Add "reume" option (without the quotes) to the end of the HOOKS section in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf, within the quotes of HOOKS.

We need to edit this file again, so we will generate the initramfs later.

More System Configuration

  1. Set timezone ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Kolkata /etc/localtime
  2. Set hw clock to system clock hwclock --systohc
  3. Uncomment en_IN UTF-8 and en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 from /etc/locale.gen file, to set locale
  4. Run locale-gen to generate locale file
  5. Edit /etc/locale.cong and add "LANG=en_US.UTF-8"
  6. Add the keymap to /etc/vconsole.conf For ex: KEYMAP=us or KEYMAP=in
  7. Set a hostname for your PC by adding the name to /etc/hostname file. For as example, I set it to archlinux
  8. Edit hosts file /etc/hosts and add the following for networking part
127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.1.1   archlinux
::1        archlinux.localdomain    archlinux

(It's a TAB & not space)

  1. Create your root password by typing passwd
  2. Enable multilib repo to run 32 bit applications: Uncomment [multilib] and Include from etc/pacman.conf
  3. Install other package that you need/might need pacman -S git reflector zsh zsh-completions bluez cups cups-pdf xdg-utils xdg-user-dirs xdg-user-dirs-gtk xdg-desktop-portal-gtk xdg-desktop-portal-gnome alsa-utils alsa-card-profiles pulseaudio pulseaudio pulseaudio-alsa pulseaudio-bluetooth pulseaudio-equalizer inetutils firefox vlc lollypop gimp shotwell transmission telegram-desktop steam wine winetricks mousetweaks optimus-manager optimus-manager-qt

Installing Gnome DE and other drivers

  1. Install intel drivers. pacman -S mesa lib32-mesa mesa vulkan-intel intel-media-driver
  2. Install xorg group pacman -S xorg
  3. Install nvidia drivers pacman -S nvidia nvidia-utils lib32-nvidia-utils nvidia-lts nvidia-dkms & yay -S libva-vdpau-driver-vp9-git
  4. Install gnome: pacman -S gnome gnome-extra gdm

Initramfs config

  1. Edit /etc/mkinitcpio.conf & do the following:

47a. Add "btrfs" to the MODULES section.

47b. Add "resume" to the end of HOOKS section, just before "filesystems" This is for resume support for Hibernation.

47c. Add "numlock" to HOOKS section.

  1. Generate initramfs:
mkinitcpio -p linux
mkinitcpio -p linux-lts

Grub config, Add user, Enable services & Finishing up

  1. Install GRUB: grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=GRUB
  2. Generate Grub config: grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
  3. Create User (archguy for this example) & add it to groups:
useradd -mG wheel -s /bin/zsh archguy
passwd archguy
  1. Type in EDITOR=nano visudo and uncomment the line "wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL"
  2. Enable Services:
systemctl enable NetworkManager
systemctl enable bluetooth.service
systemctl enable cups.service
systemctl enable systemd-timesyncd.service
  1. Exit from chroot by running exit
  2. Unmount all umount -a
  3. Reboot reboot

After booting optimizations

Oh-My-Zsh

  • sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
  • Add following at end of .zshrc file 
    alias vim=nvim
source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh
source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh

Sources: