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README.md

Java Fundamentals

Scripts

make run

Advanced Concepts in Java

1. Multithreading and Concurrency

  • Threads: Creating and managing threads using Thread or Runnable.
  • Executors: Using ExecutorService and ThreadPool.
  • Concurrency Utilities: Classes like Semaphore, CountDownLatch, and CyclicBarrier.
  • Fork/Join Framework: Parallel computing with the ForkJoinPool.
  • CompletableFuture: Asynchronous programming with futures.
  • Synchronization: Locks (ReentrantLock, ReadWriteLock) and synchronized blocks.
  • Volatile and Atomic Classes: Managing shared variables in concurrent scenarios.

2. Java Memory Management

  • Heap and Stack: Understanding memory allocation and lifecycle.
  • Garbage Collection: Tuning and understanding GC algorithms (e.g., G1, ZGC).
  • Weak, Soft, and Phantom References: Managing object references for memory-sensitive applications.
  • Memory Leaks: Identifying and fixing them using tools like VisualVM and JProfiler.

3. Generics and Advanced Collections

  • Custom Generic Classes and Methods: Creating type-safe, reusable code.
  • Wildcard Types: ? extends and ? super.
  • Concurrent Collections: ConcurrentHashMap, CopyOnWriteArrayList.
  • Navigable and Sorted Collections: TreeMap, TreeSet.

4. Design Patterns

  • Creational Patterns: Singleton, Factory, Builder.
  • Structural Patterns: Adapter, Decorator, Proxy.
  • Behavioral Patterns: Observer, Strategy, Command.
  • Concurrency Patterns: Producer-Consumer, Thread-Safe Singleton.

5. Functional Programming

  • Lambdas and Streams: Writing concise, functional-style code.
  • Optional: Avoiding null references and improving code readability.
  • Collectors: Custom and built-in collectors in the Streams API.
  • Method References: ClassName::methodName syntax.
  • Higher-Order Functions: Functions that return or take other functions as parameters.

6. Reflection and Annotations

  • Reflection API: Inspecting classes, methods, and fields at runtime.
  • Annotations: Custom annotations and processing with AnnotationProcessor.
  • Dynamic Proxies: Creating runtime implementations of interfaces.

7. Java Modules (JPMS)

  • Modular programming introduced in Java 9.
  • Defining Modules: Using module-info.java.
  • Encapsulation: Controlling visibility between modules.
  • Services API: Dependency injection with provides and uses.

8. Input/Output and Serialization

  • NIO.2 (New I/O): Working with non-blocking I/O, Path, and Files.
  • Asynchronous Channels: AsynchronousFileChannel, AsynchronousSocketChannel.
  • Serialization: Custom serialization with Serializable and Externalizable.
  • Object Streams: Reading/writing objects to streams.

9. Networking

  • Socket Programming: TCP and UDP communication.
  • HTTP Clients: Using HttpClient introduced in Java 11.
  • REST APIs: Working with JSON and APIs using libraries like Jackson or Gson.
  • WebSocket Programming: Full-duplex communication.

10. Advanced Java APIs

  • Streams and Parallel Streams: Leveraging multi-core systems.
  • JDBC and ORM Frameworks: Efficient database interaction.
  • JMX (Java Management Extensions): Monitoring and managing applications.
  • JavaFX: Rich UI applications.

11. JVM and Performance Optimization

  • JVM Tuning: Managing heap, stack, and GC tuning.
  • JIT Compilation: Understanding how the JVM optimizes code at runtime.
  • Profiling and Monitoring: Tools like JProfiler, VisualVM, and Flight Recorder.
  • Bytecode Manipulation: Using libraries like ASM, Javassist.

12. Security

  • Encryption and Decryption: Using Java's javax.crypto package.
  • Secure Sockets: SSL/TLS communication.
  • Authentication/Authorization: Working with JWT, OAuth.
  • Secure Coding Practices: Avoiding common vulnerabilities like SQL injection and XSS.

13. Distributed Systems

  • Microservices: Building and managing distributed applications.
  • Messaging: Using RabbitMQ, Kafka, or JMS.
  • RESTful Web Services: Developing and consuming APIs.
  • Remote Method Invocation (RMI): Distributed computing in Java.

14. Testing and Debugging

  • Unit Testing: Using JUnit and Mockito.
  • Integration Testing: Using Spring Boot Test and TestContainers.
  • Debugging Tools: Breakpoints, watches, and stepping through code.
  • Static Code Analysis: Using SonarQube or PMD.

15. Advanced Libraries and Frameworks

  • Spring Framework: Dependency injection, AOP, and data access.
  • Hibernate: ORM and caching.
  • Akka: Actor-based concurrency.
  • Vert.x: Reactive programming.