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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Baseball Stats</title>
<meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0'>
<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='styles/main.css'>
<script src='javascript/main.js'></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Baseball Stats</h1>
<nav>
<div class='search-container' style='display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;'>
<label id='search-label'>SEARCH</label>
<div id='search-btn-div'>
<input type='text' id='search-input' placeholder='Stat name...'>
<input type='text' id='full-search-input' placeholder='Full text search...'>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<nav id='toc-nav'>
<h2>Stats by Category</h2>
<button class='collapsible first standard'>Standard Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<ul>
<li><button class='collapsible standard'>Standard Batting</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#1b'>1B</a></li>
<li><a href='#2b'>2B</a></li>
<li><a href='#3b'>3B</a></li>
<li><a href='#ab'>AB</a></li>
<li><a href='#avg'>AVG</a></li>
<li><a href='#bb'>BB</a></li>
<li><a href='#g'>G</a></li>
<li><a href='#gidp'>GIDP</a></li>
<li><a href='#go-ao'>GO/AO</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#gsh'>GSH</a></li>
<li><a href='#h'>H</a></li>
<li><a href='#hbp'>HBP</a></li>
<li><a href='#hr'>HR</a></li>
<li><a href='#ibb'>IBB</a></li>
<li><a href='#lob'>LOB</a></li>
<li><a href='#obp'>OBP</a></li>
<li><a href='#ops'>OPS</a></li>
<li><a href='#pa'>PA</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#r'>R</a></li>
<li><a href='#rbi'>RBI</a></li>
<li><a href='#roe'>ROE</a></li>
<li><a href='#sf'>SF</a></li>
<li><a href='#sh'>SH</a></li>
<li><a href='#slg'>SLG</a></li>
<li><a href='#tb'>TB</a></li>
<li><a href='#wo'>WO</a></li>
<li><a href='#xbh'>XBH</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible standard'>Standard Baserunning</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#cs'>CS</a></li>
<li><a href='#sb'>SB</a></li>
<li><a href='#sb'>SB%</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible standard'>Standard Pitching</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#app'>App</a></li>
<li><a href='#bf'>BF</a></li>
<li><a href='#bk'>BK</a></li>
<li><a href='#bs'>BS</a></li>
<li><a href='#cg'>CG</a></li>
<li><a href='#er'>ER</a></li>
<li><a href='#era'>ERA</a></li>
<li><a href='#fo'>FO</a></li>
<li><a href='#gf'>GF</a></li>
<li><a href='#go'>GO</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#gs'>GS</a></li>
<li><a href='#hld'>HLD</a></li>
<li><a href='#ip'>IP</a></li>
<li><a href='#ir'>IR</a></li>
<li><a href='#l'>L</a></li>
<li><a href='#np'>NP</a></li>
<li><a href='#pk'>PK</a></li>
<li><a href='#qs'>QS</a></li>
<li><a href='#rw'>RW</a></li>
<li><a href='#sho'>SHO</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#so'>SO</a></li>
<li><a href='#sv'>SV</a></li>
<li><a href='#sv'>SV%</a></li>
<li><a href='#svo'>SVO</a></li>
<li><a href='#uer'>UER</a></li>
<li><a href='#w'>W</a></li>
<li><a href='#whip'>WHIP</a></li>
<li><a href='#wp'>WP</a></li>
<li><a href='#wpct'>WPCT</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible standard'>Standard Fielding</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#a'>A</a></li>
<li><a href='#cs'>CS%</a></li>
<li><a href='#dp'>DP</a></li>
<li><a href='#e'>E</a></li>
<li><a href='#fpct'>FPCT</a></li>
<li><a href='#inn'>INN</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#o'>O</a></li>
<li><a href='#ofa'>OFA</a></li>
<li><a href='#pb'>PB</a></li>
<li><a href='#po'>PO</a></li>
<li><a href='#tc'>TC</a></li>
<li><a href='#tp'>TP</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible standard'>Standard Misc</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#rate-stats-qualifiers'>Rate Stats Qualifiers</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible standard'>Standard Team</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#diff'>DIFF</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced'>Advanced Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<ul>
<li><button class='collapsible advanced'>General Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#war' class='advanced'>WAR</a></li>
<li><a href='#bwar' class='advanced'>bWAR</a></li>
<li><a href='#fwar' class='advanced'>fWAR</a></li>
<li><a href='#woba' class='advanced'>wOBA</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible advanced'>Batting Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#babip' class='advanced'>BABIP</a></li>
<li><a href='#barrel' class='advanced'>Barrel</a></li>
<li><a href='#barrel' class='advanced'>Barrel%</a></li>
<li><a href='#blasts' class='advanced'>Blasts</a></li>
<li><a href='#contact' class='advanced'>Contact%</a></li>
<li><a href='#ev' class='advanced'>EV</a></li>
<li><a href='#fast-swing-rate' class='advanced'>Fast-swing Rate</a></li>
<li><a href='#hr-dis' class='advanced'>HR-DIS</a></li>
<li><a href='#hard-hit-rate' class='advanced'>Hard-hit Rate</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#iso' class='advanced'>ISO</a></li>
<li><a href='#la' class='advanced'>LA</a></li>
<li><a href='#lips' class='advanced'>LiPS</a></li>
<li><a href='#o-swing' class='advanced'>O-Swing%</a></li>
<li><a href='#obp' class='advanced'>OBP</a></li>
<li><a href='#ops' class='advanced'>OPS</a></li>
<li><a href='#ops+' class='advanced'>OPS+</a></li>
<li><a href='#oppo' class='advanced'>Oppo%</a></li>
<li><a href='#p-pa' class='advanced'>P/PA</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#pa-so' class='advanced'>PA/SO</a></li>
<li><a href='#pull' class='advanced'>Pull%</a></li>
<li><a href='#rc' class='advanced'>RC</a></li>
<li><a href='#sweet-spot' class='advanced'>Sweet Spot</a></li>
<li><a href='#swing-length' class='advanced'>Swing Length</a></li>
<li><a href='#wraa' class='advanced'>wRAA</a></li>
<li><a href='#wrc+' class='advanced'>wRC+</a></li>
<li><a href='#xba' class='advanced'>xBA</a></li>
<li><a href='#xslg' class='advanced'>xSLG</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible advanced'>Pitching Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#bb' class='advanced'>BB%</a></li>
<li><a href='#bb-9' class='advanced'>BB/9</a></li>
<li><a href='#cera' class='advanced'>CERA</a></li>
<li><a href='#csw' class='advanced'>CSW%</a></li>
<li><a href='#era+' class='advanced'>ERA+</a></li>
<li><a href='#era-' class='advanced'>ERA-</a></li>
<li><a href='#fip' class='advanced'>FIP</a></li>
<li><a href='#fip-' class='advanced'>FIP-</a></li>
<li><a href='#gb-fb' class='advanced'>GB/FB</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#game-score' class='advanced'>Game Score</a></li>
<li><a href='#h-9' class='advanced'>H/9</a></li>
<li><a href='#hr-9' class='advanced'>HR/9</a></li>
<li><a href='#hr-fb' class='advanced'>HR/FB</a></li>
<li><a href='#ir-a' class='advanced'>IR-A</a></li>
<li><a href='#k' class='advanced'>K%</a></li>
<li><a href='#k-bb' class='advanced'>K-BB%</a></li>
<li><a href='#k-9' class='advanced'>K/9</a></li>
<li><a href='#k-bb' class='advanced'>K/BB</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#lips' class='advanced'>LiPS</a></li>
<li><a href='#mb-9' class='advanced'>MB/9</a></li>
<li><a href='#p-gs' class='advanced'>P/GS</a></li>
<li><a href='#p-ip' class='advanced'>P/IP</a></li>
<li><a href='#pitch-movement' class='advanced'>Pitch Movement</a></li>
<li><a href='#pitch-tempo' class='advanced'>Pitch Tempo</a></li>
<li><a href='#putaway-' class='advanced'>Putaway %</a></li>
<li><a href='#ra9' class='advanced'>RA9</a></li>
<li><a href='#siera' class='advanced'>SIERA</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#spin-rate' class='advanced'>Spin Rate</a></li>
<li><a href='#swstr' class='advanced'>SwStr%</a></li>
<li><a href='#velo' class='advanced'>VELO</a></li>
<li><a href='#tera' class='advanced'>tERA</a></li>
<li><a href='#xera' class='advanced'>xERA</a></li>
<li><a href='#xfip' class='advanced'>xFIP</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible advanced'>Fielding Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#arm' class='advanced'>ARM</a></li>
<li><a href='#cfr' class='advanced'>CFR</a></li>
<li><a href='#catch-probability' class='advanced'>Catch Probability</a></li>
<li><a href='#catcher-framing' class='advanced'>Catcher Framing</a></li>
<li><a href='#dcov' class='advanced'>DCOV</a></li>
<li><a href='#der' class='advanced'>DER</a></li>
<li><a href='#drs' class='advanced'>DRS</a></li>
<li><a href='#def' class='advanced'>Def</a></li>
<li><a href='#fraa' class='advanced'>FRAA</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#frv' class='advanced'>FRV</a></li>
<li><a href='#jump' class='advanced'>Jump</a></li>
<li><a href='#oaa' class='advanced'>OAA</a></li>
<li><a href='#pop' class='advanced'>POP</a></li>
<li><a href='#raa' class='advanced'>RAA</a></li>
<li><a href='#rf' class='advanced'>RF</a></li>
<li><a href='#shifts' class='advanced'>Shifts</a></li>
<li><a href='#throwing-value' class='advanced'>Throwing Value</a></li>
<li><a href='#uzr' class='advanced'>UZR</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible advanced'>Baserunning Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#90-foot-running-splits' class='advanced'>90-foot Running Splits</a></li>
<li><a href='#bolt' class='advanced'>Bolt</a></li>
<li><a href='#bsr' class='advanced'>BsR</a></li>
<li><a href='#home-to-first' class='advanced'>Home to First</a></li>
<li><a href='#lead' class='advanced'>LEAD</a></li>
<li><a href='#ss' class='advanced'>SS</a></li>
<li><a href='#spd' class='advanced'>Spd</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible advanced'>Situational Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#bqr' class='advanced'>BQR</a></li>
<li><a href='#bqr-s' class='advanced'>BQR-S</a></li>
<li><a href='#li' class='advanced'>LI</a></li>
<li><a href='#lob' class='advanced'>LOB%</a></li>
<li><a href='#re24' class='advanced'>RE24</a></li>
<li><a href='#rs-9' class='advanced'>RS/9</a></li>
<li><a href='#wpa' class='advanced'>WPA</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible advanced'>Batted Ball Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#bbe' class='advanced'>BBE</a></li>
<li><a href='#blast' class='advanced'>Blast</a></li>
<li><a href='#dst' class='advanced'>DST</a></li>
<li><a href='#fb' class='advanced'>FB%</a></li>
<li><a href='#gb' class='advanced'>GB%</a></li>
<li><a href='#ld' class='advanced'>LD%</a></li>
<li><a href='#po' class='advanced'>PO%</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible advanced'>Team/Context Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#ballpark-factor' class='advanced'>Ballpark Factor</a></li>
<li><a href='#magic-number' class='advanced'>Magic Number</a></li>
<li><a href='#pythagorean-winning-' class='advanced'>Pythagorean Winning %</a></li>
<li><a href='#surplus-value' class='advanced'>Surplus Value</a></li>
<li><a href='#we' class='advanced'>WE</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
<li><button class='collapsible advanced'>Advanced/Experimental Stats</button>
<div class='content'>
<div class='toc-category-container'>
<div class='toc-column'><ul>
<li><a href='#active-spin' class='advanced'>Active Spin</a></li>
<li><a href='#ext' class='advanced'>EXT</a></li>
<li><a href='#pv' class='advanced'>PV</a></li>
<li><a href='#squared-up-rate' class='advanced'>Squared-up Rate</a></li>
<li><a href='#swords' class='advanced'>Swords</a></li>
</ul></div>
</div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav>
<h2>All Stats</h2>
<div class='glossary'>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='1b'>1B<span class='alt-name'>(Singles)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A base hit in which the batter safely reaches first base without any errors, fielder's choices, or other advancements caused by the defensive team's actions.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of the # of singles</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating base-hit ability.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple and widely used.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for power.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Number of singles in a player’s career.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs, bar graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='2b'>2B<span class='alt-name'>(Doubles)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A base hit in which the batter safely reaches second base without any errors, fielder's choices, or other defensive misplays.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of the # of doubles</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Measuring extra-base hit ability.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple and valuable measure.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not capture full offensive value.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Counting doubles hit in a season.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, histograms</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='3b'>3B<span class='alt-name'>(Triples)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A base hit in which the batter safely reaches third base without any errors, fielder's choices, or other defensive misplays.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of the # of triples</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating speed and power combined.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Reflects hitting for extra bases.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Rare and situational.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Players with 10+ triples in a season.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs, bar graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='90-foot-running-splits'>90-foot Running Splits</button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Measures a player's speed over 90 feet, typically from home to first.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Runners</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Time taken to cover 90 feet on a sprint</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Analyzing in-game sprinting speed and reaction times.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Offers precise in-game speed metrics for baserunning.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for external factors like field conditions.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A 90-foot split under 3.9 seconds is considered elite.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Scatter plots or histograms comparing split times.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Moderate</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='a'>A<span class='alt-name'>(Assists)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A fielder's contribution to a putout.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of the number of assists</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating defensive involvement.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights defensive plays.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for errors.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Fielders with the most assists in a season.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, pie charts</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='ab'>AB<span class='alt-name'>(At-bats)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A completed batting appearance that does not result in a walk, hit-by-pitch, or sacrifice.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> PA - BB - HBP - SH - SF</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating offensive contributions.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple and widely used.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not include all plate appearances.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Number of at-bats in a season.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, line graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='active-spin'>Active Spin</button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Percentage of spin on a pitch that contributes to movement.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> (Spin Rate × Cosine of Spin Axis) / Total Spin Rate</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Analyzing the effectiveness of a pitch's spin.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Provides insights into how much of the spin contributes to movement.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for pitch velocity or release point.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Pitches with high active spin often generate more swings and misses.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> 3D scatter plots comparing spin rates and active spin percentages.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Moderate</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='app'>App<span class='alt-name'>(Appearances)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>The number of games a pitcher appears in.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of games appeared in.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Measuring pitcher usage.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple and clear measure.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Doesn't indicate innings pitched or effectiveness.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Tracking a reliever's workload across a season.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, pie charts</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='arm'>ARM<span class='alt-name'>(Arm Stength)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A measure of the strength of a fielder's throwing arm, particularly for outfielders.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Average throw velocity in mph on competitive plays</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Assessing a fielder's defensive throwing capability.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights outfielders with strong arms for assists and base-runner deterrence.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for accuracy or decision-making.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A player with an ARM above 90 mph is considered elite.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar charts or scatter plots of throw velocity.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='avg'>AVG<span class='alt-name'>(Batting Average)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Batting Average (AVG) is a statistic that measures a batter's success rate in achieving hits during official at-bats. It is calculated as the number of hits divided by the number of at-bats.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> H ÷ AB</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating a batter's hitting efficiency.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple and intuitive.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for power or walks.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Comparing league-leading averages.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs, scatter plots</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='babip'>BABIP<span class='alt-name'>(Batting Average on Balls in Play)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Indicates how often a player puts the ball in play when they make contact.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers, Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> (H - HR) ÷ (AB - K - HR + SF)</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Measuring batting average on balls in play, assessing luck for hitters/pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights luck factors in hitting and pitching</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Doesn't account for quality of contact</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Determining if a player’s high average is due to luck</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Histograms, time-series graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Voros McCracken</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> FanGraphs, Baseball-Reference, Baseball Savant</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 2000s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Medium</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='ballpark-factor'>Ballpark Factor</button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A measure of how a ballpark affects offensive performance compared to the league average.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Teams</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> (Team's Home Stats / Team's Road Stats) * League Average</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Analyzing how a ballpark influences hitting and pitching outcomes.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Helps understand how park conditions affect player performance.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for weather or opponent strength.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A factor above 1.00 indicates a hitter-friendly park, while below 1.00 indicates a pitcher-friendly park.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Heatmaps showing park effects on various stats.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Baseball-Reference, Fangraphs</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Baseball-Reference, Fangraphs</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Not Widely Established</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Moderate</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='barrel'>Barrel</button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A well-hit ball defined by a specific combination of exit velocity and launch angle.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> EV >= 98 mph and launch angle between 26-30 degrees</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Assessing the quality of a hitter's contact.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Strongly correlates with offensive success.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for field or defensive factors.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Barrels per PA of 10% or higher indicates elite contact.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Barrel rate heatmaps or scatter plots.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Moderate</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='barrel'>Barrel%<span class='alt-name'>(Barrel Percentage)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Indicates the percentage of batted balls considered "barrels," or ideal hits.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Barrels ÷ Batted Ball Events</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Assessing quality of contact made by a hitter</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> High correlation with offensive success</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Limited to batted ball data</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Identifying hitters who consistently hit the ball hard</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, scatter plots</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Baseball Savant</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Baseball Savant</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Medium</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='bb'>BB<span class='alt-name'>(Walks)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>When a batter is awarded first base due to four balls.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of the # of walks</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating plate discipline.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Reflects patience at the plate.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Ignores power or contact ability.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Players with high walk totals.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, time-series plots</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='bb'>BB%<span class='alt-name'>(Walk Percentage)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Indicates how often a batter walks relative to plate appearances.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers, Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> BB ÷ PA</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Walk rate evaluation for hitters and pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple, measures walk discipline</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Ignores context like pitch framing</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Comparing control of pitchers or patience of hitters</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, time-series graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Baseball Savant, FanGraphs</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
<p><strong>Batter Excellent:</strong> 6.0% and below</p>
<p><strong>Batter Great:</strong> 6.1% – 7.0%</p>
<p><strong>Batter Above Avg:</strong> 7.1% – 8.0%</p>
<p><strong>Batter Avg:</strong> 8.1% – 9.0%</p>
<p><strong>Batter Below Avg:</strong> 9.1% – 10.0%</p>
<p><strong>Batter Poor:</strong> 10.1% – 11.0%</p>
<p><strong>Batter Awful:</strong> 11.1% and above</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Excellent:</strong> 6.0% and below</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Great:</strong> 6.1% – 7.0%</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Above Avg:</strong> 7.1% – 8.0%</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Avg:</strong> 8.1% – 9.0%</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Below Avg:</strong> 9.1% – 10.0%</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Poor:</strong> 10.1% – 11.0%</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Awful:</strong> 11.1% and above</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='bb-9'>BB/9<span class='alt-name'>(Walks per 9 Innings)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Measures the average number of walks a pitcher allows per nine innings pitched.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> (BB / IP) * 9</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating pitcher control and ability to avoid free passes.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Easy to understand; reflects control.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Neglects batted ball outcomes or strikeout rate.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Highlighting control artists like Greg Maddux.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs, bar charts</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Baseball Reference, MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
<p><strong>Batter Excellent:</strong> 1.5 and below</p>
<p><strong>Batter Great:</strong> 1.6 – 2.0</p>
<p><strong>Batter Above Avg:</strong> 2.1 – 2.5</p>
<p><strong>Batter Avg:</strong> 2.6 – 3.0</p>
<p><strong>Batter Below Avg:</strong> 3.1 – 3.5</p>
<p><strong>Batter Poor:</strong> 3.6 – 4.0</p>
<p><strong>Batter Awful:</strong> 4.1 and above</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Excellent:</strong> 1.5 and below</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Great:</strong> 1.6 – 2.0</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Above Avg:</strong> 2.1 – 2.5</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Avg:</strong> 2.6 – 3.0</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Below Avg:</strong> 3.1 – 3.5</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Poor:</strong> 3.6 – 4.0</p>
<p><strong>Pitcher Awful:</strong> 4.1 and above</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='bbe'>BBE<span class='alt-name'>(Batted Ball Event)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Any ball put into play, including outs, hits, and errors.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Recorded on every contact made by the bat</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Tracking the frequency and outcome of balls in play.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Provides a base for analyzing contact quality.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not indicate outcome quality like hits or home runs.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> High BBE rates can indicate an aggressive hitting style.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line or bar charts tracking BBE trends.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='bf'>BF<span class='alt-name'>(Batters Faced)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>The total number of batters a pitcher faces.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Sum of all batters faced.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Measuring pitcher workload and effectiveness.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple, inclusive of all results.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Doesn't differentiate outcomes.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Evaluating a starter's endurance across innings.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, line graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='bk'>BK<span class='alt-name'>(Balk)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A pitching violation allowing baserunners to advance one base.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Defined by MLB rules.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating pitching discipline.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights rule compliance.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Rare and situational.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A pitcher committing multiple balks in a critical game.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs, event markers</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='blasts'>Blasts</button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A subset of barrels with an even higher probability of a home run.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> EV >= 100 mph and launch angle between 25-30 degrees</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Identifying home run-level contact quality.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights elite power hitting and precision.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for park effects or weather.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A high percentage of blasts indicates elite slugging ability.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Scatter plots comparing blasts per PA across players.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Moderate</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='bolt'>Bolt</button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Any sprint above 30 feet per second.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Runners</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Sprints measured at 30+ ft/sec over a minimum distance</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Identifying elite baserunning and fielding speed.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Quantifies peak in-game speed effectively.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not consider distance or game context.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A player with more than 10 bolts in a season is considered elite.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Scatter plots comparing bolts across games.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='bqr'>BQR<span class='alt-name'>(Bequeathed Runners)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Tracks the number of runners left on base by a pitcher when they leave the game.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of runners left on base upon pitcher substitution.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating a reliever's inherited situation and a starter's ability to leave clean bases.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Provides a clear metric for pitchers leaving difficult situations for relievers.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not consider the reliever's performance after substitution.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Relievers entering high-leverage situations with multiple BQRs.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar charts showing bequeathed runners by pitchers.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Not Widely Established</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='bqr-s'>BQR-S<span class='alt-name'>(Bequeathed Runners Scored)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Tracks the number of inherited runners who score after the original pitcher leaves the game.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of bequeathed runners who eventually score.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating reliever effectiveness at preventing inherited runners from scoring.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights reliever performance in high-pressure situations.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for the quality of defense behind the reliever.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Relievers with high BQR-S can indicate ineffective outings.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar charts comparing BQR-S to total inherited runners.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Not Widely Established</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='bs'>BS<span class='alt-name'>(Blown Save)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Occurs when a reliever enters with a lead and allows it to be tied or lost.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of failed save opportunities.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating relievers' reliability.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights key game moments.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Situational and context-dependent.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A closer's struggles in high-leverage situations.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs, time-series charts</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 1969</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='bsr'>BsR<span class='alt-name'>(Base Running)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Evaluates how baserunning affects a team’s ability to score runs.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Base Runners</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Evaluates baserunning contributions to run creation.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Comprehensive baserunning evaluation</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Captures baserunning value</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Ignores defensive and hitting contributions</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Ranking players by baserunning skill</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs, area charts</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> FanGraphs</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> FanGraphs</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2009</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Medium</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='bwar'>bWAR<span class='alt-name'>(Baseball-Reference WAR)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Measures player value using Baseball Reference methodology for WAR.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers, Batters, Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Provided by Baseball Reference; similar to fWAR but with different weights.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Comprehensive player value evaluation based on Baseball-Reference metrics</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Comprehensive value measure from Baseball-Reference</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Relies on specific Baseball-Reference adjustments</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Evaluating player contributions for Hall of Fame discussions</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Scatter plots, bar graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Baseball-Reference</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Baseball-Reference, FanGraphs</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2010</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> High</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='catch-probability'>Catch Probability</button>
<div class='content'>
<p>The likelihood of a fielder making a play on a batted ball, based on factors such as distance, time, and direction.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Calculated using time-to-catch, ball trajectory, and fielder position</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating the difficulty of defensive plays.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Quantifies defensive skill and play difficulty objectively.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for effort or external conditions (e.g., wind).</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A catch probability of 5% or less represents an "impossible play."</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Heatmaps or play difficulty visualizations.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> High</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='catcher-framing'>Catcher Framing</button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Ability of a catcher to convert borderline pitches into called strikes.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Catchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Calculated by comparing actual strike calls to expected strike calls based on pitch location</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating a catcher's defensive contribution.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highly valuable in assessing catcher defense beyond blocking or throwing.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for umpire bias or game context.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Catchers with elite framing can save several runs per season.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Charts comparing catcher strike rates on borderline pitches.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Baseball Prospectus</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2011</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Moderate</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='cera'>CERA<span class='alt-name'>(Catcher ERA)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Measures the average earned runs allowed by a team when a specific catcher is behind the plate.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Catchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> ERA calculated for catchers</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating catcher impact on team pitching performance.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights catcher-pitcher interaction and impact on runs.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Influenced by pitcher skill; lacks contextual adjustments.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Used to evaluate how much a catcher contributes to pitching success.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, tables</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Baseball Reference</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Medium</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='cfr'>CFR<span class='alt-name'>(Catcher Framing Runs)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Evaluates a catcher’s framing ability and their impact on pitch outcomes.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Catchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Estimated runs saved based on catcher framing ability.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating catchers’ ability to frame pitches for called strikes</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Reflects catcher pitch-framing ability</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Doesn't include other catcher defense skills</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Ranking catchers based on pitch framing ability</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Heatmaps, scatter plots</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Baseball Savant</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Baseball Savant</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> High</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='cg'>CG<span class='alt-name'>(Complete Game)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A game in which a pitcher pitches all innings for their team.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of complete games.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Measuring endurance and effectiveness.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple, clear measure.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Rare in modern baseball.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A pitcher throwing a complete-game shutout.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, event markers</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='contact'>Contact%<span class='alt-name'>(Contact Percentage)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Measures a batter's ability to make contact when swinging.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Contact ÷ Total Swings</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Measuring a hitter’s ability to make contact</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple, measures contact ability</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Ignores quality of contact</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Comparing hitters who make consistent contact</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Bar graphs, scatter plots</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> FanGraphs</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> FanGraphs</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 2000s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='cs'>CS<span class='alt-name'>(Caught Stealing)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Number of times a runner is thrown out attempting to steal a base.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Runners</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of the # of times a runner is caught stealing.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating baserunning aggressiveness.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights baserunning risks.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Context not considered.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Players with high CS may need to adjust.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Pie charts, time-series graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='cs'>CS%<span class='alt-name'>(Caught Stealing Percentage)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Percentage of runners thrown out attempting to steal.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Catchers, Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> CS ÷ (CS + SB)</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Measuring catcher defensive skills.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Reflects catcher arm strength.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Ignores game context.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Catchers with a high caught stealing percentage.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Scatter plots, bar graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='csw'>CSW%<span class='alt-name'>(Called Strikes Plus Whiff Percentage)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Shows how often a pitcher generates either a called strike or a whiff per pitch.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Pitchers</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> (Called Strikes + Whiffs) ÷ Total Pitches</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating pitchers’ ability to generate called and swinging strikes</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Measures pitch quality across counts</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Not widely adopted yet</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Analyzing pitchers’ ability to generate called and swinging strikes</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Scatter plots, bar graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Nick Pollack</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> PitcherList</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2018</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Medium</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='dcov'>DCOV<span class='alt-name'>(Distance Covered)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>The distance a fielder travels to make a play on a batted ball.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Distance from initial position to where the ball is fielded</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Measuring range and athleticism of fielders.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Useful for identifying fielders with excellent range.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for initial positioning or reaction time.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> A fielder covering 100+ feet to make a play showcases elite range.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs or field plots showing fielder movement.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Statcast</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2015</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Moderate</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='def'>Def<span class='alt-name'>(Defensive Runs Above Average)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A defensive metric aggregating UZR, DRS, and other advanced stats to evaluate player fielding performance.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Aggregate metrics</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating overall defensive performance for players.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Combines multiple metrics for comprehensive evaluation.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> May double-count contributions when metrics overlap.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Identifying elite fielders like Andrelton Simmons.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Zone maps, bar graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Fangraphs</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Fangraphs</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> High</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='der'>DER<span class='alt-name'>(Defensive Efficiency Ratio)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Measures the percentage of balls in play (excluding home runs) converted into outs by a team's defense. It evaluates overall team defensive performance.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Fielders, Teams</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> 1 - (H + ROE) / (PA - BB - SO - HBP - HR)</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating team defense, comparing defensive effectiveness across teams, assessing fielding and pitching support.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple calculation; provides a high-level view of team defense effectiveness.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not differentiate between individual players; heavily influenced by pitching and ballpark factors.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Teams with high DER are often better at converting balls in play into outs, like the 2016 Chicago Cubs.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line charts over a season, comparison bar charts, or scatter plots with other defensive metrics.</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Bill James</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> Baseball Prospectus</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 1977</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='diff'>DIFF<span class='alt-name'>(Run Differential)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>The difference between runs scored and runs allowed by a team.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Teams</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Runs Scored - Runs Allowed</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating team performance and predicting success.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Simple, direct measure of performance.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Ignores game context and run distribution.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Teams with the highest run differential often perform well.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs, bar graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible standard' id='dp'>DP<span class='alt-name'>(Double Plays)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>A defensive play resulting in two outs.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Count of the # of double plays executed.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Evaluating team defensive efficiency.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Highlights infield coordination.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Rare and situational.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Teams leading the league in double plays.</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Line graphs, scatter plots</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> Traditional Statistic</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> MLB</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> Early 1900s</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> Low</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='drs'>DRS<span class='alt-name'>(Defensive Runs Saved)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>Evaluates a player’s fielding effectiveness relative to average.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Computed using advanced fielding metrics.</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Defensive evaluation using run-saving ability</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Reliable for defense evaluation</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Different systems may disagree on results</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Assessing a player's defensive contributions</p>
<p><strong>Visualization Methods:</strong> Defensive zone maps, bar graphs</p>
<p><strong>Creator:</strong> John Dewan</p>
<p><strong>Sources:</strong> FanGraphs</p>
<p><strong>Year Introduced:</strong> 2003</p>
<p><strong>Formula Complexity:</strong> High</p>
</div>
<button class='collapsible advanced' id='dst'>DST<span class='alt-name'>(Hit Distance)</span></button>
<div class='content'>
<p>The distance a batted ball travels, measured in feet.</p>
<p><strong>Applicable Roles:</strong> Batters, Fielders</p>
<p><strong>Formula:</strong> Measured from home plate to where the ball lands</p>
<p><strong>Use Cases:</strong> Analyzing power, trajectory, and fielding difficulty.</p>
<p><strong>Advantages:</strong> Useful for evaluating a player's power and trajectory.</p>
<p><strong>Limitations:</strong> Does not account for wind or park factors.</p>
<p><strong>Real-Life Examples:</strong> Hit distances over 400 feet indicate elite power.</p>