diff --git a/src/dispatch.rs b/src/dispatch.rs
index 1cdf5aa..1b7c863 100644
--- a/src/dispatch.rs
+++ b/src/dispatch.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub enum ShardRestartResult {
 }
 
 impl ShardRestartResult {
-    pub fn is_forced(&self) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_forced(self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, Self::ForcedRestart)
     }
 }
@@ -90,24 +90,12 @@ impl State {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct Dispatcher<'a> {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub shard: &'a mut Shard,
-    tracker: &'a TaskTracker,
-}
-
-impl<'a> Dispatcher<'a> {
-    fn new(shard: &'a mut Shard, tracker: &'a TaskTracker) -> Self {
-        Self { shard, tracker }
-    }
-
-    pub fn dispatch(self, future: impl Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static) {
-        self.tracker.spawn(future);
-    }
-}
-
 #[tracing::instrument(name = "dispatcher", fields(shard.id = shard.id().number()), skip_all)]
-pub async fn run(mut shard: Shard, mut event_handler: impl FnMut(Dispatcher, Event)) -> ResumeInfo {
+pub async fn run<Fut: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static, S>(
+    mut event_handler: impl FnMut(Event, S) -> Fut,
+    mut shard: Shard,
+    mut state_provider: impl FnMut(&mut Shard) -> S,
+) -> ResumeInfo {
     let mut receiver = ShardHandle::insert(shard.id());
     let mut shutdown = pin!(signal::ctrl_c());
     let tracker = TaskTracker::new();
@@ -132,11 +120,8 @@ pub async fn run(mut shard: Shard, mut event_handler: impl FnMut(Dispatcher, Eve
                 event = shard.next_event(EVENT_TYPES) => {
                     match event {
                         Some(Ok(Event::GatewayClose(_))) if !state.is_active() => break,
-                        Some(Ok(event)) => event_handler(Dispatcher::new(&mut shard, &tracker), event),
-                        Some(Err(error)) => {
-                            tracing::warn!(error = &error as &dyn Error, "shard failed to receive an event");
-                            continue;
-                        }
+                        Some(Ok(event)) => _ = tracker.spawn(event_handler(event, state_provider(&mut shard))),
+                        Some(Err(error)) => tracing::warn!(error = &error as &dyn Error, "shard failed to receive event"),
                         None => break,
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index da44a43..c0f1a53 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     let tasks = shards
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|shard| tokio::spawn(dispatch::run(shard, event_handler)))
+        .map(|shard| tokio::spawn(dispatch::run(event_handler, shard, |_shard| ())))
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     signal::ctrl_c().await?;
@@ -92,20 +92,20 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn event_handler(dispatcher: dispatch::Dispatcher, event: Event) {
+async fn event_handler(event: Event, _state: ()) {
     async fn log_err(future: Instrumented<impl Future<Output = anyhow::Result<()>>>) {
         let mut future = pin!(future);
         if let Err(error) = future.as_mut().await {
             let _enter = future.span().enter();
-            tracing::warn!(error = &*error, "event handler failed");
+            tracing::warn!(error = &*error, "failed to handle event");
         }
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::single_match)]
     match event {
         Event::InteractionCreate(event) => {
-            let span = tracing::info_span!(parent: None, "interaction", id = %event.id);
-            dispatcher.dispatch(log_err(command::interaction(event).instrument(span)))
+            let span = tracing::info_span!("interaction", id = %event.id);
+            log_err(command::interaction(event).instrument(span)).await;
         }
         _ => {}
     }