http.go

package remote

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"

	"emperror.dev/errors"
	"github.com/apex/log"
	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"

	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
)

type Client interface {
	GetBackupRemoteUploadURLs(ctx context.Context, backup string, size int64) (BackupRemoteUploadResponse, error)
	GetInstallationScript(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (InstallationScript, error)
	GetServerConfiguration(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (ServerConfigurationResponse, error)
	GetServers(context context.Context, perPage int) ([]RawServerData, error)
	ResetServersState(ctx context.Context) error
	SetArchiveStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error
	SetBackupStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, data BackupRequest) error
	SendRestorationStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, successful bool) error
	SetInstallationStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, data InstallStatusRequest) error
	SetTransferStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error
	ValidateSftpCredentials(ctx context.Context, request SftpAuthRequest) (SftpAuthResponse, error)
	SendActivityLogs(ctx context.Context, activity []models.Activity) error
}

type client struct {
	httpClient  *http.Client
	baseUrl     string
	tokenId     string
	token       string
	maxAttempts int
}

// New returns a new HTTP request client that is used for making authenticated
// requests to the Panel that this instance is running under.
func New(base string, opts ...ClientOption) Client {
	c := client{
		baseUrl: strings.TrimSuffix(base, "/") + "/api/remote",
		httpClient: &http.Client{
			Timeout: time.Second * 15,
		},
		maxAttempts: 0,
	}
	for _, opt := range opts {
		opt(&c)
	}
	return &c
}

// WithCredentials sets the credentials to use when making request to the remote
// API endpoint.
func WithCredentials(id, token string) ClientOption {
	return func(c *client) {
		c.tokenId = id
		c.token = token
	}
}

// WithHttpClient sets the underlying HTTP client instance to use when making
// requests to the Panel API.
func WithHttpClient(httpClient *http.Client) ClientOption {
	return func(c *client) {
		c.httpClient = httpClient
	}
}

// Get executes a HTTP GET request.
func (c *client) Get(ctx context.Context, path string, query q) (*Response, error) {
	return c.request(ctx, http.MethodGet, path, nil, func(r *http.Request) {
		q := r.URL.Query()
		for k, v := range query {
			q.Set(k, v)
		}
		r.URL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
	})
}

// Post executes a HTTP POST request.
func (c *client) Post(ctx context.Context, path string, data interface{}) (*Response, error) {
	b, err := json.Marshal(data)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return c.request(ctx, http.MethodPost, path, bytes.NewBuffer(b))
}

// requestOnce creates a http request and executes it once. Prefer request()
// over this method when possible. It appends the path to the endpoint of the
// client and adds the authentication token to the request.
func (c *client) requestOnce(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body io.Reader, opts ...func(r *http.Request)) (*Response, error) {
	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, c.baseUrl+path, body)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf("Pterodactyl Wings/v%s (id:%s)", system.Version, c.tokenId))
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.pterodactyl.v1+json")
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s.%s", c.tokenId, c.token))

	// Call all opts functions to allow modifying the request
	for _, o := range opts {
		o(req)
	}

	debugLogRequest(req)

	res, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
	return &Response{res}, err
}

// request executes an HTTP request against the Panel API. If there is an error
// encountered with the request it will be retried using an exponential backoff.
// If the error returned from the Panel is due to API throttling or because there
// are invalid authentication credentials provided the request will _not_ be
// retried by the backoff.
//
// This function automatically appends the path to the current client endpoint
// and adds the required authentication headers to the request that is being
// created. Errors returned will be of the RequestError type if there was some
// type of response from the API that can be parsed.
func (c *client) request(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body *bytes.Buffer, opts ...func(r *http.Request)) (*Response, error) {
	var res *Response
	err := backoff.Retry(func() error {
		var b bytes.Buffer
		if body != nil {
			// We have to create a copy of the body, otherwise attempting this request again will
			// send no data if there was initially a body since the "requestOnce" method will read
			// the whole buffer, thus leaving it empty at the end.
			if _, err := b.Write(body.Bytes()); err != nil {
				return backoff.Permanent(errors.Wrap(err, "http: failed to copy body buffer"))
			}
		}
		r, err := c.requestOnce(ctx, method, path, &b, opts...)
		if err != nil {
			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
				return backoff.Permanent(err)
			}
			return errors.WrapIf(err, "http: request creation failed")
		}
		res = r
		if r.HasError() {
			// Close the request body after returning the error to free up resources.
			defer r.Body.Close()
			// Don't keep attempting to access this endpoint if the response is a 4XX
			// level error which indicates a client mistake. Only retry when the error
			// is due to a server issue (5XX error).
			if r.StatusCode >= 400 && r.StatusCode < 500 {
				return backoff.Permanent(r.Error())
			}
			return r.Error()
		}
		return nil
	}, c.backoff(ctx))
	if err != nil {
		if v, ok := err.(*backoff.PermanentError); ok {
			return nil, v.Unwrap()
		}
		return nil, err
	}
	return res, nil
}

// backoff returns an exponential backoff function for use with remote API
// requests. This will allow an API call to be executed approximately 10 times
// before it is finally reported back as an error.
//
// This allows for issues with DNS resolution, or rare race conditions due to
// slower SQL queries on the Panel to potentially self-resolve without just
// immediately failing the first request. The example below shows the amount of
// time that has elapsed between each call to the handler when an error is
// returned. You can tweak these values as needed to get the effect you desire.
//
// If maxAttempts is a value greater than 0 the backoff will be capped at a total
// number of executions, or the MaxElapsedTime, whichever comes first.
//
// call(): 0s
// call(): 552.330144ms
// call(): 1.63271196s
// call(): 2.94284202s
// call(): 4.525234711s
// call(): 6.865723375s
// call(): 11.37194223s
// call(): 14.593421816s
// call(): 20.202045293s
// call(): 27.36567952s <-- Stops here as MaxElapsedTime is 30 seconds
func (c *client) backoff(ctx context.Context) backoff.BackOffContext {
	b := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
	b.MaxInterval = time.Second * 12
	b.MaxElapsedTime = time.Second * 30
	if c.maxAttempts > 0 {
		return backoff.WithContext(backoff.WithMaxRetries(b, uint64(c.maxAttempts)), ctx)
	}
	return backoff.WithContext(b, ctx)
}

// Response is a custom response type that allows for commonly used error
// handling and response parsing from the Panel API. This just embeds the normal
// HTTP response from Go and we attach a few helper functions to it.
type Response struct {
	*http.Response
}

// HasError determines if the API call encountered an error. If no request has
// been made the response will be false. This function will evaluate to true if
// the response code is anything 300 or higher.
func (r *Response) HasError() bool {
	if r.Response == nil {
		return false
	}

	return r.StatusCode >= 300 || r.StatusCode < 200
}

// Reads the body from the response and returns it, then replaces it on the response
// so that it can be read again later. This does not close the response body, so any
// functions calling this should be sure to manually defer a Body.Close() call.
func (r *Response) Read() ([]byte, error) {
	var b []byte
	if r.Response == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("remote: attempting to read missing response")
	}
	if r.Response.Body != nil {
		b, _ = io.ReadAll(r.Response.Body)
	}
	r.Response.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(b))
	return b, nil
}

// BindJSON binds a given interface with the data returned in the response. This
// is a shortcut for calling Read and then manually calling json.Unmarshal on
// the raw bytes.
func (r *Response) BindJSON(v interface{}) error {
	b, err := r.Read()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &v); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "remote: could not unmarshal response")
	}
	return nil
}

// Returns the first error message from the API call as a string. The error
// message will be formatted similar to the below example. If there is no error
// that can be parsed out of the API you'll still get a RequestError returned
// but the RequestError.Code will be "_MissingResponseCode".
//
// HttpNotFoundException: The requested resource does not exist. (HTTP/404)
func (r *Response) Error() error {
	if !r.HasError() {
		return nil
	}

	var errs RequestErrors
	_ = r.BindJSON(&errs)

	e := &RequestError{
		Code:   "_MissingResponseCode",
		Status: strconv.Itoa(r.StatusCode),
		Detail: "No error response returned from API endpoint.",
	}
	if len(errs.Errors) > 0 {
		e = &errs.Errors[0]
	}

	e.response = r.Response

	return errors.WithStackDepth(e, 1)
}

// Logs the request into the debug log with all of the important request bits.
// The authorization key will be cleaned up before being output.
func debugLogRequest(req *http.Request) {
	if l, ok := log.Log.(*log.Logger); ok && l.Level != log.DebugLevel {
		return
	}
	headers := make(map[string][]string)
	for k, v := range req.Header {
		if k != "Authorization" || len(v) == 0 || len(v[0]) == 0 {
			headers[k] = v
			continue
		}

		headers[k] = []string{"(redacted)"}
	}

	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
		"method":   req.Method,
		"endpoint": req.URL.String(),
		"headers":  headers,
	}).Debug("making request to external HTTP endpoint")
}