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README.html
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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Incidente viales</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Índice</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org08993f1">Recomendaciones</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1c9e8da">Visualización de los datos en un mapa usando R</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org08993f1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org08993f1">Recomendaciones</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org08993f1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>El procesamiento del archivo original en formato excell no es muy cómodo.</li>
<li>Al no existir metadatos es necesario suponer los tipo de las columnas.</li>
<li>los formatos de fecha en excel al ser leídos en R pueden introducir errores.</li>
<li>Es preferible un formato abierto y plano como CSV.</li>
<li>Adicionalmente se recomienda crear una tabla complementaria de
metadatos, con los nombres y tipos de columnas, versión del archivo, enlace a versión
anterior, responsable del archivo, fuente de los datos, número de registros. De esta
manera es posible leer el archivo de datos sin equívocos que puedan ser generados por
suposiciones sobre los datos.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1c9e8da" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org1c9e8da">Visualización de los datos en un mapa usando R</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org1c9e8da">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R"><span style="color: #a2cd5a;">library</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>tidyverse<span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
<span style="color: #a2cd5a;">library</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>readxl<span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
<span style="color: #a2cd5a;">library</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>httr<span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
<span style="color: #a2cd5a;">library</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>leaflet<span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a id="orga8bd930"></a>PROCESA DIRECTAMENTE DESDE URL ARCHIVO EXCELL<br />
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orga8bd930">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">binary_data <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> GET<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">"https://www.medellin.gov.co/movilidad/cifras-estudios/finish/3902-cifras-de-incidentalidad-diaria/334375-victimas-fatales-por-incidentes-viales-2020"</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> httr::content<span style="color: #eaeaea;">()</span>
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Archivo temporal para construir con datos binarios
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">excel_file <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> tempfile<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">"smtt_med_file"</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
zz <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> file<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>excel_file, <span style="color: #deb887;">"wb"</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
writeBin<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>binary_data, zz<span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #969896;">## </span><span style="color: #969896;">Escribe datos binarios en archivo temporal</span>
close<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>zz<span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Lee archivo de excel como datos tabulares
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">tdata <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> read_excel<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>path = excel_file,<span style="color: #a2cd5a;">1</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
colnames<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>tdata<span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> as.character<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>tdata<span style="color: #70c0b1;">[</span><span style="color: #a2cd5a;">2</span>,<span style="color: #70c0b1;">]</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #969896;">## </span><span style="color: #969896;">Asigna nombres de columnas</span>
tdata <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> tdata<span style="color: #eaeaea;">[</span>-c<span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span><span style="color: #a2cd5a;">1</span>,<span style="color: #a2cd5a;">2</span><span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span>,<span style="color: #eaeaea;">]</span> <span style="color: #969896;">## </span><span style="color: #969896;">Elimina filas adicionales sin información</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="orgb1db288"></a>LECTURA DE ARCHIVO CSV PROCESADO MANUALMENTE A PARTIR DEL ARCHIVO DE EXCELL<br />
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orgb1db288">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">tdata <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> read_tsv<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">"./data/iv_2020_120.csv"</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Resumen de algunas columnas
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">tdata <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> group_by<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>lubridate::month<span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span>FechaIncidente<span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> summarise<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>n<span style="color: #70c0b1;">()</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
tdata <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> group_by<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #eaeaea; background-color: #181a26;">`Dirección`</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> summarise<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>cnt=n<span style="color: #70c0b1;">()</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> arrange<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>desc<span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span>cnt<span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="org40a557e"></a>PROCESO DE GEOCODIFICACIÓN A PARTIR DE DIRECCIÓN<br />
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org40a557e">
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>Geocoder de OSM (nominatim) -> <a href="https://nominatim.org/">https://nominatim.org/</a> <a href="https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/ui/search.html">https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/ui/search.html</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
formato nominatim:
Medellín, Valle de aburrá, Antioquia, 0500, CL -> Calle 71 CR -> Carrera 65
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">nominatim_pretext <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> <span style="color: #deb887;">"Medellín, Valle de aburrá, Antioquia, 0500, "</span>
tdata$osm_search_term <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> tdata$<span style="color: #eaeaea; background-color: #181a26;">`Dirección`</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
str_replace<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">"\\b[C|c][L|l]\\b"</span>,<span style="color: #deb887;">"Calle"</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
str_replace<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">"\\b[C|c][R|r]\\b"</span>,<span style="color: #deb887;">"Carrera"</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
str_replace<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">"\\b[T|t][R|r]\\b"</span>,<span style="color: #deb887;">"Transversal"</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
str_replace<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">"[D|d][G|g]"</span>,<span style="color: #deb887;">"Diagonal"</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
str_replace<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">"entre"</span>,<span style="color: #deb887;">""</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
str_replace<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">" y .*"</span>,<span style="color: #deb887;">""</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
str_replace<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">" - .[0-9]*"</span>,<span style="color: #deb887;">""</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
paste0<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>nominatim_pretext,.<span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
API query <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">-></span> https://nominatim.org/release-docs/develop/api/Search/
nominatim_q_template <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> <span style="color: #deb887;">"https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search.php?q=%s&format=json&limit=1"</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="orgdc4dd7f"></a>Hacer map de los todos los elementos y retornar lat y lon<br />
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orgdc4dd7f">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">geocoding <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> map<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>sprintf<span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span>nominatim_q_template,tdata$osm_search_term<span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span>, <span style="color: #00bfff;">function</span><span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span>q<span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span> <span style="color: #70c0b1;">{</span>
r <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> GET<span style="color: #e7c547;">(</span>q<span style="color: #e7c547;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> httr::content<span style="color: #e7c547;">()</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> map<span style="color: #e7c547;">(</span><span style="color: #00bfff;">function</span><span style="color: #a2cd5a;">(</span>s<span style="color: #a2cd5a;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">{</span>
names<span style="color: #00bfff;">(</span>s<span style="color: #00bfff;">)</span>
tibble<span style="color: #00bfff;">(</span>
lat = s<span style="color: #eaeaea;">[</span><span style="color: #70c0b1;">[</span><span style="color: #a2cd5a;">6</span><span style="color: #70c0b1;">]</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">]</span>,
lon = s<span style="color: #eaeaea;">[</span><span style="color: #70c0b1;">[</span><span style="color: #a2cd5a;">7</span><span style="color: #70c0b1;">]</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">]</span>
<span style="color: #00bfff;">)</span>
<span style="color: #a2cd5a;">}</span><span style="color: #e7c547;">)</span>
<span style="color: #70c0b1;">}</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> enframe <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span> unnest<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>cols = c<span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span>value<span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
tdata$lat <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> <span style="color: #deb887;">""</span>
tdata$lon <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> <span style="color: #deb887;">""</span>
tdata<span style="color: #eaeaea;">[</span>geocoding$name,c<span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span><span style="color: #deb887;">"lat"</span>,<span style="color: #deb887;">"lon"</span><span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">]</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;"><-</span> map_df<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>geocoding$value,<span style="color: #eaeaea; background-color: #181a26;">`[`</span>,c<span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span><span style="color: #a2cd5a;">1</span>,<span style="color: #a2cd5a;">2</span><span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="org82df4a3"></a>Pinta mapa<br />
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org82df4a3">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R"><span style="color: #a2cd5a;">options</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>browser=<span style="color: #deb887;">"/usr/bin/brave"</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
leaflet<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>tdata<span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
addTiles<span style="color: #eaeaea;">()</span> <span style="color: #a2cd5a;">%>%</span>
addCircleMarkers<span style="color: #eaeaea;">(</span>~as.numeric<span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span>lon<span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span>, ~as.numeric<span style="color: #70c0b1;">(</span>lat<span style="color: #70c0b1;">)</span><span style="color: #eaeaea;">)</span>
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org62681e8" class="figure">
<p><img src="./assets/mapa.png" alt="mapa.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figura 1: </span>Mapa con Incidentes Viales</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="org05b6cd5"></a>Otra opciones para geocodificar las direcciones<br />
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org05b6cd5">
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>Geocoder de la Alcaldía -> <a href="https://www.medellin.gov.co/MAPGISV5_WEB/mapa.jsp?aplicacion=0">https://www.medellin.gov.co/MAPGISV5_WEB/mapa.jsp?aplicacion=0</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
<a href="https://www.medellin.gov.co/servicios/GEOCOD_WEBP/processFormField.do?accion=4&nombreArchivoExcel=/pub/aplicaciones/secretaria_ti/tempGeocod/iv_2020_120.xlsx&hoja=iv_2020_120">https://www.medellin.gov.co/servicios/GEOCOD_WEBP/processFormField.do?accion=4&nombreArchivoExcel=/pub/aplicaciones/secretaria_ti/tempGeocod/iv_2020_120.xlsx&hoja=iv_2020_120</a>
<a href="https://www.medellin.gov.co/mapas/rest/services/">https://www.medellin.gov.co/mapas/rest/services/</a>
<a href="https://pro.arcgis.com/es/pro-app/tool-reference/geocoding/geocode-addresses.htm">https://pro.arcgis.com/es/pro-app/tool-reference/geocoding/geocode-addresses.htm</a>
<a href="https://github.com/cengel/ArcGIS_geocoding">https://github.com/cengel/ArcGIS_geocoding</a>
<a href="https://developers.arcgis.com/rest/services-reference/geocode-service.htm">https://developers.arcgis.com/rest/services-reference/geocode-service.htm</a>
</p>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>Geocoder de google</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Autor: unloquer</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2020-09-10 Thu 17:55</p>
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